[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163538},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string":3,"nav-reference":1736},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1729,"extension":1730,"meta":1731,"navigation":107,"path":1732,"seo":1733,"stem":1734,"__hash__":1735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1702},"minimark",[9,13,17,160,171,176,197,201,204,207,221,224,258,265,272,334,337,377,386,390,393,396,425,428,455,458,461,465,468,478,542,544,563,566,570,573,576,620,623,667,670,673,677,683,686,730,732,756,759,795,798,852,866,870,873,876,908,911,922,925,984,987,991,994,997,1013,1023,1026,1061,1064,1091,1094,1101,1105,1108,1113,1116,1130,1140,1143,1170,1174,1177,1191,1194,1253,1257,1260,1287,1290,1317,1327,1330,1391,1393,1426,1430,1433,1452,1457,1507,1514,1518,1521,1581,1601,1605,1609,1618,1622,1625,1629,1636,1640,1652,1656,1659,1663,1698],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[18,19,24],"pre",{"className":20,"code":21,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n","python","",[25,26,27,51,68,79,102,109,124,136,148],"code",{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29,32,36,40,44,48],"span",{"class":30,"line":31},"line",1,[28,33,35],{"class":34},"su5hD","name ",[28,37,39],{"class":38},"smGrS","=",[28,41,43],{"class":42},"sjJ54"," \"",[28,45,47],{"class":46},"s_sjI","Alice",[28,49,50],{"class":42},"\"\n",[28,52,54,57,59,62,65],{"class":30,"line":53},2,[28,55,56],{"class":34},"message ",[28,58,39],{"class":38},[28,60,61],{"class":42}," '",[28,63,64],{"class":46},"Hello",[28,66,67],{"class":42},"'\n",[28,69,71,74,76],{"class":30,"line":70},3,[28,72,73],{"class":34},"empty ",[28,75,39],{"class":38},[28,77,78],{"class":42}," \"\"\n",[28,80,82,85,87,91,95,99],{"class":30,"line":81},4,[28,83,84],{"class":34},"text ",[28,86,39],{"class":38},[28,88,90],{"class":89},"sZMiF"," str",[28,92,94],{"class":93},"sP7_E","(",[28,96,98],{"class":97},"srdBf","123",[28,100,101],{"class":93},")\n",[28,103,105],{"class":30,"line":104},5,[28,106,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},true,"\n",[28,110,112,116,118,122],{"class":30,"line":111},6,[28,113,115],{"class":114},"sptTA","print",[28,117,94],{"class":93},[28,119,121],{"class":120},"slqww","name",[28,123,101],{"class":93},[28,125,127,129,131,134],{"class":30,"line":126},7,[28,128,115],{"class":114},[28,130,94],{"class":93},[28,132,133],{"class":120},"message",[28,135,101],{"class":93},[28,137,139,141,143,146],{"class":30,"line":138},8,[28,140,115],{"class":114},[28,142,94],{"class":93},[28,144,145],{"class":120},"empty",[28,147,101],{"class":93},[28,149,151,153,155,158],{"class":30,"line":150},9,[28,152,115],{"class":114},[28,154,94],{"class":93},[28,156,157],{"class":120},"text",[28,159,101],{"class":93},[14,161,162,166,167,170],{},[163,164,165],"strong",{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[25,168,169],{},"str()"," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[172,173,175],"h2",{"id":174},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[177,178,179,183,186,189,194],"ul",{},[180,181,182],"li",{},"What a string is in Python",[180,184,185],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[180,187,188],{},"How to create an empty string",[180,190,191,192],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[25,193,169],{},[180,195,196],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[172,198,200],{"id":199},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,202,203],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,205,206],{},"Strings can contain:",[177,208,209,212,215,218],{},[180,210,211],{},"Letters",[180,213,214],{},"Numbers",[180,216,217],{},"Spaces",[180,219,220],{},"Symbols",[14,222,223],{},"Examples of strings:",[18,225,227],{"className":20,"code":226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[25,228,229,241,249],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,230,231,235,239],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,232,234],{"class":233},"s2W-s","\"",[28,236,238],{"class":237},"sithA","hello",[28,240,50],{"class":233},[28,242,243,245,247],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,244,234],{"class":233},[28,246,98],{"class":237},[28,248,50],{"class":233},[28,250,251,253,256],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,252,234],{"class":233},[28,254,255],{"class":237},"Python is fun",[28,257,50],{"class":233},[14,259,260,261,264],{},"Even though ",[25,262,263],{},"\"123\""," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,266,267,268,271],{},"You can check the type with ",[25,269,270],{},"type()",":",[18,273,275],{"className":20,"code":274,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[25,276,277,289,299,303,319],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,278,279,281,283,285,287],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,280,84],{"class":34},[28,282,39],{"class":38},[28,284,43],{"class":42},[28,286,98],{"class":46},[28,288,50],{"class":42},[28,290,291,294,296],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,292,293],{"class":34},"number ",[28,295,39],{"class":38},[28,297,298],{"class":97}," 123\n",[28,300,301],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,302,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,304,305,307,309,312,314,316],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,306,115],{"class":114},[28,308,94],{"class":93},[28,310,311],{"class":89},"type",[28,313,94],{"class":93},[28,315,157],{"class":120},[28,317,318],{"class":93},"))\n",[28,320,321,323,325,327,329,332],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,322,115],{"class":114},[28,324,94],{"class":93},[28,326,311],{"class":89},[28,328,94],{"class":93},[28,330,331],{"class":120},"number",[28,333,318],{"class":93},[14,335,336],{},"Output:",[18,338,340],{"className":20,"code":339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,341,342,362],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,343,344,347,351,353,356,359],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,345,346],{"class":38},"\u003C",[28,348,350],{"class":349},"sbsja","class",[28,352,61],{"class":42},[28,354,355],{"class":46},"str",[28,357,358],{"class":42},"'",[28,360,361],{"class":38},">\n",[28,363,364,366,368,370,373,375],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,365,346],{"class":38},[28,367,350],{"class":349},[28,369,61],{"class":42},[28,371,372],{"class":46},"int",[28,374,358],{"class":42},[28,376,361],{"class":38},[14,378,379,380,385],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[381,382,384],"a",{"href":383},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",".",[172,387,389],{"id":388},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,391,392],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,394,395],{},"You can use single quotes:",[18,397,399],{"className":20,"code":398,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[25,400,401,414],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,402,403,406,408,410,412],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,404,405],{"class":34},"greeting ",[28,407,39],{"class":38},[28,409,61],{"class":42},[28,411,238],{"class":46},[28,413,67],{"class":42},[28,415,416,418,420,423],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,417,115],{"class":114},[28,419,94],{"class":93},[28,421,422],{"class":120},"greeting",[28,424,101],{"class":93},[14,426,427],{},"Or double quotes:",[18,429,431],{"className":20,"code":430,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[25,432,433,445],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,434,435,437,439,441,443],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,436,405],{"class":34},[28,438,39],{"class":38},[28,440,43],{"class":42},[28,442,238],{"class":46},[28,444,50],{"class":42},[28,446,447,449,451,453],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,448,115],{"class":114},[28,450,94],{"class":93},[28,452,422],{"class":120},[28,454,101],{"class":93},[14,456,457],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,459,460],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[172,462,464],{"id":463},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,466,467],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,469,470,471,474,475,271],{},"Use either ",[25,472,473],{},"\"\""," or ",[25,476,477],{},"''",[18,479,481],{"className":20,"code":480,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[25,482,483,492,502,506,517,528],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,484,485,488,490],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,486,487],{"class":34},"empty1 ",[28,489,39],{"class":38},[28,491,78],{"class":42},[28,493,494,497,499],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,495,496],{"class":34},"empty2 ",[28,498,39],{"class":38},[28,500,501],{"class":42}," ''\n",[28,503,504],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,505,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,507,508,510,512,515],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,509,115],{"class":114},[28,511,94],{"class":93},[28,513,514],{"class":120},"empty1",[28,516,101],{"class":93},[28,518,519,521,523,526],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,520,115],{"class":114},[28,522,94],{"class":93},[28,524,525],{"class":120},"empty2",[28,527,101],{"class":93},[28,529,530,532,534,536,538,540],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,531,115],{"class":114},[28,533,94],{"class":93},[28,535,311],{"class":89},[28,537,94],{"class":93},[28,539,514],{"class":120},[28,541,318],{"class":93},[14,543,336],{},[18,545,547],{"className":20,"code":546,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,548,549],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,550,551,553,555,557,559,561],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,552,346],{"class":38},[28,554,350],{"class":349},[28,556,61],{"class":42},[28,558,355],{"class":46},[28,560,358],{"class":42},[28,562,361],{"class":38},[14,564,565],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[172,567,569],{"id":568},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,571,572],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,574,575],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[18,577,579],{"className":20,"code":578,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[25,580,581,593,598,606,610],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,582,583,585,587,590],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,584,56],{"class":34},[28,586,39],{"class":38},[28,588,589],{"class":42}," \"\"\"",[28,591,592],{"class":46},"Hello\n",[28,594,595],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,596,597],{"class":46},"Welcome to Python\n",[28,599,600,603],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,601,602],{"class":46},"Have a nice day",[28,604,605],{"class":42},"\"\"\"\n",[28,607,608],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,609,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,611,612,614,616,618],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,613,115],{"class":114},[28,615,94],{"class":93},[28,617,133],{"class":120},[28,619,101],{"class":93},[14,621,622],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[18,624,626],{"className":20,"code":625,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[25,627,628,640,645,653,657],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,629,630,632,634,637],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,631,56],{"class":34},[28,633,39],{"class":38},[28,635,636],{"class":42}," '''",[28,638,639],{"class":46},"Line 1\n",[28,641,642],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,643,644],{"class":46},"Line 2\n",[28,646,647,650],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,648,649],{"class":46},"Line 3",[28,651,652],{"class":42},"'''\n",[28,654,655],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,656,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,658,659,661,663,665],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,660,115],{"class":114},[28,662,94],{"class":93},[28,664,133],{"class":120},[28,666,101],{"class":93},[14,668,669],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,671,672],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[172,674,676],{"id":675},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,678,679,680,682],{},"The ",[25,681,169],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,684,685],{},"Example with a number:",[18,687,689],{"className":20,"code":688,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,690,691,706,716],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,692,693,695,697,699,701,704],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,694,84],{"class":34},[28,696,39],{"class":38},[28,698,90],{"class":89},[28,700,94],{"class":93},[28,702,703],{"class":97},"42",[28,705,101],{"class":93},[28,707,708,710,712,714],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,709,115],{"class":114},[28,711,94],{"class":93},[28,713,157],{"class":120},[28,715,101],{"class":93},[28,717,718,720,722,724,726,728],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,719,115],{"class":114},[28,721,94],{"class":93},[28,723,311],{"class":89},[28,725,94],{"class":93},[28,727,157],{"class":120},[28,729,318],{"class":93},[14,731,336],{},[18,733,735],{"className":20,"code":734,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,736,737,742],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,738,739],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,740,741],{"class":97},"42\n",[28,743,744,746,748,750,752,754],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,745,346],{"class":38},[28,747,350],{"class":349},[28,749,61],{"class":42},[28,751,355],{"class":46},[28,753,358],{"class":42},[28,755,361],{"class":38},[14,757,758],{},"You can also convert other values:",[18,760,762],{"className":20,"code":761,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[25,763,764,780],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,765,766,768,770,772,774,778],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,767,115],{"class":114},[28,769,94],{"class":93},[28,771,355],{"class":89},[28,773,94],{"class":93},[28,775,777],{"class":776},"s39Yj","True",[28,779,318],{"class":93},[28,781,782,784,786,788,790,793],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,783,115],{"class":114},[28,785,94],{"class":93},[28,787,355],{"class":89},[28,789,94],{"class":93},[28,791,792],{"class":97},"3.14",[28,794,318],{"class":93},[14,796,797],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[18,799,801],{"className":20,"code":800,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[25,802,803,813,838,842],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,804,805,808,810],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,806,807],{"class":34},"age ",[28,809,39],{"class":38},[28,811,812],{"class":97}," 25\n",[28,814,815,817,819,821,824,826,829,831,833,836],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,816,56],{"class":34},[28,818,39],{"class":38},[28,820,43],{"class":42},[28,822,823],{"class":46},"Age: ",[28,825,234],{"class":42},[28,827,828],{"class":38}," +",[28,830,90],{"class":89},[28,832,94],{"class":93},[28,834,835],{"class":120},"age",[28,837,101],{"class":93},[28,839,840],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,841,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,843,844,846,848,850],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,845,115],{"class":114},[28,847,94],{"class":93},[28,849,133],{"class":120},[28,851,101],{"class":93},[14,853,854,855,474,862,385],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[381,856,858,859,861],{"href":857},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python ",[25,860,169],{}," function explained",[381,863,865],{"href":864},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","how to convert int to string in Python",[172,867,869],{"id":868},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,871,872],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,874,875],{},"Both of these are valid:",[18,877,879],{"className":20,"code":878,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[25,880,881,895],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,882,883,886,888,890,893],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,884,885],{"class":34},"a ",[28,887,39],{"class":38},[28,889,61],{"class":42},[28,891,892],{"class":46},"Python",[28,894,67],{"class":42},[28,896,897,900,902,904,906],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,898,899],{"class":34},"b ",[28,901,39],{"class":38},[28,903,43],{"class":42},[28,905,892],{"class":46},[28,907,50],{"class":42},[14,909,910],{},"A common rule is:",[177,912,913,916,919],{},[180,914,915],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[180,917,918],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[180,920,921],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,923,924],{},"Example:",[18,926,928],{"className":20,"code":927,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[25,929,930,944,958,962,973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,931,932,935,937,939,942],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,933,934],{"class":34},"text1 ",[28,936,39],{"class":38},[28,938,43],{"class":42},[28,940,941],{"class":46},"It's working",[28,943,50],{"class":42},[28,945,946,949,951,953,956],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,947,948],{"class":34},"text2 ",[28,950,39],{"class":38},[28,952,61],{"class":42},[28,954,955],{"class":46},"She said \"hello\"",[28,957,67],{"class":42},[28,959,960],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,961,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,963,964,966,968,971],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,965,115],{"class":114},[28,967,94],{"class":93},[28,969,970],{"class":120},"text1",[28,972,101],{"class":93},[28,974,975,977,979,982],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,976,115],{"class":114},[28,978,94],{"class":93},[28,980,981],{"class":120},"text2",[28,983,101],{"class":93},[14,985,986],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[172,988,990],{"id":989},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,992,993],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,995,996],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[18,998,1000],{"className":20,"code":999,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[25,1001,1002,1008],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1003,1004],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1005,1007],{"class":1006},"sutJx","# This will cause an error\n",[28,1009,1010],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1011,1012],{"class":1006},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,1014,1015,1016,1018,1019,1022],{},"Python sees the second ",[25,1017,358],{}," in ",[25,1020,1021],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,1024,1025],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[18,1027,1029],{"className":20,"code":1028,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[25,1030,1031,1051],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1032,1033,1035,1037,1039,1042,1046,1049],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1034,84],{"class":34},[28,1036,39],{"class":38},[28,1038,61],{"class":42},[28,1040,1041],{"class":46},"It",[28,1043,1045],{"class":1044},"s_hVV","\\'",[28,1047,1048],{"class":46},"s working",[28,1050,67],{"class":42},[28,1052,1053,1055,1057,1059],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1054,115],{"class":114},[28,1056,94],{"class":93},[28,1058,157],{"class":120},[28,1060,101],{"class":93},[14,1062,1063],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[18,1065,1067],{"className":20,"code":1066,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[25,1068,1069,1081],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1070,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1072,84],{"class":34},[28,1074,39],{"class":38},[28,1076,43],{"class":42},[28,1078,941],{"class":46},[28,1080,50],{"class":42},[28,1082,1083,1085,1087,1089],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1084,115],{"class":114},[28,1086,94],{"class":93},[28,1088,157],{"class":120},[28,1090,101],{"class":93},[14,1092,1093],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,1095,1096,1097,385],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[381,1098,1100],{"href":1099},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[172,1102,1104],{"id":1103},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1106,1107],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1109,1110,1112],"h3",{"id":1111},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,1114,1115],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[18,1117,1119],{"className":20,"code":1118,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[25,1120,1121,1125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1122,1123],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1124,1007],{"class":1006},[28,1126,1127],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1128,1129],{"class":1006},"# name = Alice\n",[14,1131,1132,1133,1136,1137,1139],{},"Python may raise a ",[25,1134,1135],{},"NameError"," because ",[25,1138,47],{}," is not defined.",[14,1141,1142],{},"Correct version:",[18,1144,1146],{"className":20,"code":1145,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[25,1147,1148,1160],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1149,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1151,35],{"class":34},[28,1153,39],{"class":38},[28,1155,43],{"class":42},[28,1157,47],{"class":46},[28,1159,50],{"class":42},[28,1161,1162,1164,1166,1168],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1163,115],{"class":114},[28,1165,94],{"class":93},[28,1167,121],{"class":120},[28,1169,101],{"class":93},[1109,1171,1173],{"id":1172},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,1175,1176],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[18,1178,1180],{"className":20,"code":1179,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[25,1181,1182,1186],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1183,1184],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1185,1007],{"class":1006},[28,1187,1188],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1189,1190],{"class":1006},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,1192,1193],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[18,1195,1197],{"className":20,"code":1196,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[25,1198,1199,1216,1229,1233,1243],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1200,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1214],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1202,934],{"class":34},[28,1204,39],{"class":38},[28,1206,61],{"class":42},[28,1208,1041],{"class":46},[28,1210,1045],{"class":1044},[28,1212,1213],{"class":46},"s good",[28,1215,67],{"class":42},[28,1217,1218,1220,1222,1224,1227],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1219,948],{"class":34},[28,1221,39],{"class":38},[28,1223,43],{"class":42},[28,1225,1226],{"class":46},"It's good",[28,1228,50],{"class":42},[28,1230,1231],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1232,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,1234,1235,1237,1239,1241],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,1236,115],{"class":114},[28,1238,94],{"class":93},[28,1240,970],{"class":120},[28,1242,101],{"class":93},[28,1244,1245,1247,1249,1251],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,1246,115],{"class":114},[28,1248,94],{"class":93},[28,1250,981],{"class":120},[28,1252,101],{"class":93},[1109,1254,1256],{"id":1255},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,1258,1259],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[18,1261,1263],{"className":20,"code":1262,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[25,1264,1265,1277],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1266,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1268,84],{"class":34},[28,1270,39],{"class":38},[28,1272,589],{"class":42},[28,1274,238],{"class":46},[28,1276,605],{"class":42},[28,1278,1279,1281,1283,1285],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1280,115],{"class":114},[28,1282,94],{"class":93},[28,1284,157],{"class":120},[28,1286,101],{"class":93},[14,1288,1289],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[18,1291,1293],{"className":20,"code":1292,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[25,1294,1295,1307],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1296,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1298,84],{"class":34},[28,1300,39],{"class":38},[28,1302,43],{"class":42},[28,1304,238],{"class":46},[28,1306,50],{"class":42},[28,1308,1309,1311,1313,1315],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1310,115],{"class":114},[28,1312,94],{"class":93},[28,1314,157],{"class":120},[28,1316,101],{"class":93},[1109,1318,1320,1321,1323,1324,1326],{"id":1319},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type","Assuming ",[25,1322,98],{}," and ",[25,1325,263],{}," are the same type",[14,1328,1329],{},"They are different:",[18,1331,1333],{"className":20,"code":1332,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[25,1334,1335,1344,1357,1361,1376],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1336,1337,1340,1342],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1338,1339],{"class":34},"value1 ",[28,1341,39],{"class":38},[28,1343,298],{"class":97},[28,1345,1346,1349,1351,1353,1355],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1347,1348],{"class":34},"value2 ",[28,1350,39],{"class":38},[28,1352,43],{"class":42},[28,1354,98],{"class":46},[28,1356,50],{"class":42},[28,1358,1359],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1360,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,1362,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1374],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,1364,115],{"class":114},[28,1366,94],{"class":93},[28,1368,311],{"class":89},[28,1370,94],{"class":93},[28,1372,1373],{"class":120},"value1",[28,1375,318],{"class":93},[28,1377,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1389],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,1379,115],{"class":114},[28,1381,94],{"class":93},[28,1383,311],{"class":89},[28,1385,94],{"class":93},[28,1387,1388],{"class":120},"value2",[28,1390,318],{"class":93},[14,1392,336],{},[18,1394,1396],{"className":20,"code":1395,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,1397,1398,1412],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1399,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1401,346],{"class":38},[28,1403,350],{"class":349},[28,1405,61],{"class":42},[28,1407,372],{"class":46},[28,1409,358],{"class":42},[28,1411,361],{"class":38},[28,1413,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1415,346],{"class":38},[28,1417,350],{"class":349},[28,1419,61],{"class":42},[28,1421,355],{"class":46},[28,1423,358],{"class":42},[28,1425,361],{"class":38},[1109,1427,1429],{"id":1428},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,1431,1432],{},"This causes a type error:",[18,1434,1436],{"className":20,"code":1435,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[25,1437,1438,1442,1447],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1439,1440],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1441,1007],{"class":1006},[28,1443,1444],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1445,1446],{"class":1006},"# age = 10\n",[28,1448,1449],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1450,1451],{"class":1006},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,1453,1454,1455,271],{},"Fix it with ",[25,1456,169],{},[18,1458,1460],{"className":20,"code":1459,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[25,1461,1462,1471,1493,1497],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1463,1464,1466,1468],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1465,807],{"class":34},[28,1467,39],{"class":38},[28,1469,1470],{"class":97}," 10\n",[28,1472,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1474,56],{"class":34},[28,1476,39],{"class":38},[28,1478,43],{"class":42},[28,1480,823],{"class":46},[28,1482,234],{"class":42},[28,1484,828],{"class":38},[28,1486,90],{"class":89},[28,1488,94],{"class":93},[28,1490,835],{"class":120},[28,1492,101],{"class":93},[28,1494,1495],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1496,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,1498,1499,1501,1503,1505],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,1500,115],{"class":114},[28,1502,94],{"class":93},[28,1504,133],{"class":120},[28,1506,101],{"class":93},[14,1508,1509,1510,385],{},"For this specific error, see ",[381,1511,1513],{"href":1512},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1109,1515,1517],{"id":1516},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[14,1519,1520],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[18,1522,1524],{"className":20,"code":1523,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[25,1525,1526,1538,1542,1552,1566],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1527,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1529,84],{"class":34},[28,1531,39],{"class":38},[28,1533,43],{"class":42},[28,1535,238],{"class":46},[28,1537,50],{"class":42},[28,1539,1540],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1541,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,1543,1544,1546,1548,1550],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1545,115],{"class":114},[28,1547,94],{"class":93},[28,1549,157],{"class":120},[28,1551,101],{"class":93},[28,1553,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,1555,115],{"class":114},[28,1557,94],{"class":93},[28,1559,311],{"class":89},[28,1561,94],{"class":93},[28,1563,157],{"class":120},[28,1565,318],{"class":93},[28,1567,1568,1570,1572,1575,1577,1579],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,1569,115],{"class":114},[28,1571,94],{"class":93},[28,1573,1574],{"class":114},"repr",[28,1576,94],{"class":93},[28,1578,157],{"class":120},[28,1580,318],{"class":93},[177,1582,1583,1589,1595],{},[180,1584,1585,1588],{},[25,1586,1587],{},"print(text)"," shows the value",[180,1590,1591,1594],{},[25,1592,1593],{},"print(type(text))"," shows the data type",[180,1596,1597,1600],{},[25,1598,1599],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[172,1602,1604],{"id":1603},"faq","FAQ",[1109,1606,1608],{"id":1607},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,1610,1611,1612,474,1615,385],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[25,1613,1614],{},"'hello'",[25,1616,1617],{},"\"hello\"",[1109,1619,1621],{"id":1620},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,1623,1624],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1109,1626,1628],{"id":1627},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,1630,1631,1632,474,1634,385],{},"Use ",[25,1633,473],{},[25,1635,477],{},[1109,1637,1639],{"id":1638},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,1641,1631,1642,1644,1645,1648,1649,385],{},[25,1643,169],{},", like ",[25,1646,1647],{},"str(10)",", which returns ",[25,1650,1651],{},"\"10\"",[1109,1653,1655],{"id":1654},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,1657,1658],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[172,1660,1662],{"id":1661},"see-also","See also",[177,1664,1665,1669,1675,1680,1690,1694],{},[180,1666,1667],{},[381,1668,384],{"href":383},[180,1670,1671],{},[381,1672,858,1673,861],{"href":857},[25,1674,169],{},[180,1676,1677],{},[381,1678,1679],{"href":864},"How to convert int to string in Python",[180,1681,1682],{},[381,1683,1685,1686,1689],{"href":1684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[25,1687,1688],{},"format()"," method",[180,1691,1692],{},[381,1693,1100],{"href":1099},[180,1695,1696],{},[381,1697,1513],{"href":1512},[1699,1700,1701],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":1703},[1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1721,1728],{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":199,"depth":53,"text":200},{"id":388,"depth":53,"text":389},{"id":463,"depth":53,"text":464},{"id":568,"depth":53,"text":569},{"id":675,"depth":53,"text":676},{"id":868,"depth":53,"text":869},{"id":989,"depth":53,"text":990},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":1713},[1714,1715,1716,1717,1719,1720],{"id":1111,"depth":70,"text":1112},{"id":1172,"depth":70,"text":1173},{"id":1255,"depth":70,"text":1256},{"id":1319,"depth":70,"text":1718},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":1428,"depth":70,"text":1429},{"id":1516,"depth":70,"text":1517},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":1722},[1723,1724,1725,1726,1727],{"id":1607,"depth":70,"text":1608},{"id":1620,"depth":70,"text":1621},{"id":1627,"depth":70,"text":1628},{"id":1638,"depth":70,"text":1639},{"id":1654,"depth":70,"text":1655},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":5,"description":1729},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",[1737,3333,5051,6748,8888,11090,12611,14789,16994,19454,21292,23857,25956,28238,30185,32096,34093,35528,37357,39882,42040,43266,44637,46281,48598,50439,52420,54114,55367,57060,58811,60781,62531,64630,65990,67941,69504,71495,73290,75190,77632,79710,82349,84378,86340,88528,90523,92836,94518,95963,97157,98335,100175,102615,104319,106334,107858,109103,110266,111648,113719,115616,117390,119256,121375,123114,124576,125979,127902,129579,131514,133003,135787,137364,138923,140951,142903,144366,145555,147441,148852,150548,152102,153524,154927,156825,159219,161050],{"id":1738,"title":1739,"body":1740,"description":3327,"extension":1730,"meta":3328,"navigation":107,"path":3329,"seo":3330,"stem":3331,"__hash__":3332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1741,"toc":3299},[1742,1745,1751,1754,1765,1768,1772,1837,1839,1859,1864,1868,1873,1876,1892,1895,1921,1924,1928,1931,1947,1950,1976,1978,2036,2038,2053,2063,2073,2077,2080,2134,2136,2156,2159,2183,2190,2194,2199,2205,2207,2245,2247,2256,2263,2281,2284,2296,2300,2305,2309,2312,2332,2334,2390,2392,2400,2403,2407,2439,2441,2449,2452,2456,2461,2509,2511,2519,2523,2583,2585,2593,2596,2598,2602,2605,2628,2637,2652,2703,2705,2720,2731,2735,2738,2770,2777,2781,2786,2827,2829,2840,2843,2886,2888,2896,2900,2905,2927,2929,2938,2947,2951,2956,2978,2980,3050,3052,3099,3102,3105,3108,3187,3189,3219,3221,3225,3228,3232,3235,3239,3242,3246,3258,3262,3265,3267,3296],[10,1743,1739],{"id":1744},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1746,679,1747,1750],{},[25,1748,1749],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1752,1753],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[177,1755,1756,1759,1762],{},[180,1757,1758],{},"a number without its negative sign",[180,1760,1761],{},"the distance between two numbers",[180,1763,1764],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1766,1767],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[172,1769,1771],{"id":1770},"quick-example","Quick example",[18,1773,1775],{"className":20,"code":1774,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[25,1776,1777,1796,1811],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1778,1779,1781,1783,1786,1788,1791,1794],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1780,115],{"class":114},[28,1782,94],{"class":93},[28,1784,1785],{"class":114},"abs",[28,1787,94],{"class":93},[28,1789,1790],{"class":38},"-",[28,1792,1793],{"class":97},"7",[28,1795,318],{"class":93},[28,1797,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1809],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1799,115],{"class":114},[28,1801,94],{"class":93},[28,1803,1785],{"class":114},[28,1805,94],{"class":93},[28,1807,1808],{"class":97},"3.5",[28,1810,318],{"class":93},[28,1812,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1826,1829,1832,1835],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1814,115],{"class":114},[28,1816,94],{"class":93},[28,1818,1785],{"class":114},[28,1820,94],{"class":93},[28,1822,1790],{"class":38},[28,1824,1825],{"class":97},"2",[28,1827,1828],{"class":38},"+",[28,1830,1831],{"class":97},"3",[28,1833,1834],{"class":349},"j",[28,1836,318],{"class":93},[14,1838,336],{},[18,1840,1842],{"className":20,"code":1841,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[25,1843,1844,1849,1854],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1845,1846],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1847,1848],{"class":97},"7\n",[28,1850,1851],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1852,1853],{"class":97},"3.5\n",[28,1855,1856],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,1857,1858],{"class":97},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1860,1631,1861,1863],{},[25,1862,1749],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[172,1865,1867],{"id":1866},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1869,1870,1872],{},[25,1871,1749],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1874,1875],{},"That means:",[177,1877,1878,1881,1884],{},[180,1879,1880],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[180,1882,1883],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[180,1885,1886,1889,1890],{},[25,1887,1888],{},"0"," stays ",[25,1891,1888],{},[14,1893,1894],{},"Examples:",[177,1896,1897,1906,1914],{},[180,1898,1899,1902,1903],{},[25,1900,1901],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[25,1904,1905],{},"5",[180,1907,1908,1902,1911],{},[25,1909,1910],{},"abs(9)",[25,1912,1913],{},"9",[180,1915,1916,1902,1919],{},[25,1917,1918],{},"abs(0)",[25,1920,1888],{},[14,1922,1923],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[172,1925,1927],{"id":1926},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,1929,1930],{},"The syntax is:",[18,1932,1934],{"className":20,"code":1933,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"abs(x)\n",[25,1935,1936],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1937,1938,1940,1942,1945],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1939,1785],{"class":114},[28,1941,94],{"class":93},[28,1943,1944],{"class":120},"x",[28,1946,101],{"class":93},[14,1948,1949],{},"Here:",[177,1951,1952,1968,1973],{},[180,1953,1954,1956,1957,1959,1960,1963,1964,1967],{},[25,1955,1944],{}," is usually an ",[25,1958,372],{},", ",[25,1961,1962],{},"float",", or ",[25,1965,1966],{},"complex"," number",[180,1969,1970,1972],{},[25,1971,1749],{}," returns a new value",[180,1974,1975],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,1977,924],{},[18,1979,1981],{"className":20,"code":1980,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[25,1982,1983,1995,2011,2015,2025],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,1984,1985,1987,1989,1992],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,1986,293],{"class":34},[28,1988,39],{"class":38},[28,1990,1991],{"class":38}," -",[28,1993,1994],{"class":97},"12\n",[28,1996,1997,2000,2002,2005,2007,2009],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,1998,1999],{"class":34},"result ",[28,2001,39],{"class":38},[28,2003,2004],{"class":114}," abs",[28,2006,94],{"class":93},[28,2008,331],{"class":120},[28,2010,101],{"class":93},[28,2012,2013],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2014,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,2016,2017,2019,2021,2023],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,2018,115],{"class":114},[28,2020,94],{"class":93},[28,2022,331],{"class":120},[28,2024,101],{"class":93},[28,2026,2027,2029,2031,2034],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,2028,115],{"class":114},[28,2030,94],{"class":93},[28,2032,2033],{"class":120},"result",[28,2035,101],{"class":93},[14,2037,336],{},[18,2039,2041],{"className":20,"code":2040,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"-12\n12\n",[25,2042,2043,2049],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2044,2045,2047],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2046,1790],{"class":38},[28,2048,1994],{"class":97},[28,2050,2051],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2052,1994],{"class":97},[14,2054,2055,2056,2058,2059,2062],{},"Notice that ",[25,2057,331],{}," is still ",[25,2060,2061],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2064,2065,2066,2072],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[381,2067,2069,2071],{"href":2068},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[25,2070,270],{}," function"," can help.",[172,2074,2076],{"id":2075},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2078,2079],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[18,2081,2083],{"className":20,"code":2082,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[25,2084,2085,2102,2117],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2086,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2100],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2088,115],{"class":114},[28,2090,94],{"class":93},[28,2092,1785],{"class":114},[28,2094,94],{"class":93},[28,2096,1790],{"class":38},[28,2098,2099],{"class":97},"10",[28,2101,318],{"class":93},[28,2103,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2115],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2105,115],{"class":114},[28,2107,94],{"class":93},[28,2109,1785],{"class":114},[28,2111,94],{"class":93},[28,2113,2114],{"class":97},"8",[28,2116,318],{"class":93},[28,2118,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129,2132],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2120,115],{"class":114},[28,2122,94],{"class":93},[28,2124,1785],{"class":114},[28,2126,94],{"class":93},[28,2128,1790],{"class":38},[28,2130,2131],{"class":97},"4.2",[28,2133,318],{"class":93},[14,2135,336],{},[18,2137,2139],{"className":20,"code":2138,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[25,2140,2141,2146,2151],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2142,2143],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2144,2145],{"class":97},"10\n",[28,2147,2148],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2149,2150],{"class":97},"8\n",[28,2152,2153],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2154,2155],{"class":97},"4.2\n",[14,2157,2158],{},"What each line does:",[177,2160,2161,2169,2176],{},[180,2162,2163,2166,2167],{},[25,2164,2165],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[25,2168,2099],{},[180,2170,2171,2166,2174],{},[25,2172,2173],{},"abs(8)",[25,2175,2114],{},[180,2177,2178,2166,2181],{},[25,2179,2180],{},"abs(-4.2)",[25,2182,2131],{},[14,2184,2185,2186,385],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[381,2187,2189],{"href":2188},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[172,2191,2193],{"id":2192},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2195,2196,2198],{},[25,2197,1749],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2200,2201,2202,2204],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[25,2203,1888],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2206,924],{},[18,2208,2210],{"className":20,"code":2209,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[25,2211,2212,2230],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2213,2214,2217,2219,2222,2224,2227],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2215,2216],{"class":34},"value ",[28,2218,39],{"class":38},[28,2220,2221],{"class":97}," 3",[28,2223,828],{"class":38},[28,2225,2226],{"class":97}," 4",[28,2228,2229],{"class":349},"j\n",[28,2231,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240,2243],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2233,115],{"class":114},[28,2235,94],{"class":93},[28,2237,1785],{"class":114},[28,2239,94],{"class":93},[28,2241,2242],{"class":120},"value",[28,2244,318],{"class":93},[14,2246,336],{},[18,2248,2250],{"className":20,"code":2249,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5.0\n",[25,2251,2252],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2253,2254],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2255,2249],{"class":97},[14,2257,2258,2259,2262],{},"Why ",[25,2260,2261],{},"5.0","?",[177,2264,2265,2270,2276],{},[180,2266,2267,2268],{},"the real part is ",[25,2269,1831],{},[180,2271,2272,2273],{},"the imaginary part is ",[25,2274,2275],{},"4",[180,2277,2278,2279],{},"the magnitude is ",[25,2280,2261],{},[14,2282,2283],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[177,2285,2286,2293],{},[180,2287,2288,2290,2291],{},[25,2289,1749],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[25,2292,1962],{},[180,2294,2295],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[172,2297,2299],{"id":2298},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2301,2302,2303,385],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[25,2304,1749],{},[1109,2306,2308],{"id":2307},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2310,2311],{},"A very common pattern is:",[18,2313,2315],{"className":20,"code":2314,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"abs(a - b)\n",[25,2316,2317],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2318,2319,2321,2323,2325,2327,2330],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2320,1785],{"class":114},[28,2322,94],{"class":93},[28,2324,885],{"class":120},[28,2326,1790],{"class":38},[28,2328,2329],{"class":120}," b",[28,2331,101],{"class":93},[14,2333,924],{},[18,2335,2337],{"className":20,"code":2336,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[25,2338,2339,2348,2356,2360,2379],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2340,2341,2343,2345],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2342,885],{"class":34},[28,2344,39],{"class":38},[28,2346,2347],{"class":97}," 3\n",[28,2349,2350,2352,2354],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2351,899],{"class":34},[28,2353,39],{"class":38},[28,2355,1470],{"class":97},[28,2357,2358],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2359,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,2361,2362,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,2363,2364],{"class":34},"distance ",[28,2366,39],{"class":38},[28,2368,2004],{"class":114},[28,2370,94],{"class":93},[28,2372,885],{"class":120},[28,2374,1790],{"class":38},[28,2376,2329],{"class":120},[28,2378,101],{"class":93},[28,2380,2381,2383,2385,2388],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,2382,115],{"class":114},[28,2384,94],{"class":93},[28,2386,2387],{"class":120},"distance",[28,2389,101],{"class":93},[14,2391,336],{},[18,2393,2394],{"className":20,"code":1848,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,2395,2396],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2397,2398],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2399,1848],{"class":97},[14,2401,2402],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1109,2404,2406],{"id":2405},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[18,2408,2410],{"className":20,"code":2409,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[25,2411,2412,2424],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2413,2414,2417,2419,2421],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2415,2416],{"class":34},"temperature_change ",[28,2418,39],{"class":38},[28,2420,1991],{"class":38},[28,2422,2423],{"class":97},"6\n",[28,2425,2426,2428,2430,2432,2434,2437],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2427,115],{"class":114},[28,2429,94],{"class":93},[28,2431,1785],{"class":114},[28,2433,94],{"class":93},[28,2435,2436],{"class":120},"temperature_change",[28,2438,318],{"class":93},[14,2440,336],{},[18,2442,2443],{"className":20,"code":2423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,2444,2445],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2446,2447],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2448,2423],{"class":97},[14,2450,2451],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1109,2453,2455],{"id":2454},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2457,2458,2459,2072],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[25,2460,1749],{},[18,2462,2464],{"className":20,"code":2463,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[25,2465,2466,2478,2494,2498],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2467,2468,2471,2473,2475],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2469,2470],{"class":34},"balance_change ",[28,2472,39],{"class":38},[28,2474,1991],{"class":38},[28,2476,2477],{"class":97},"25\n",[28,2479,2480,2483,2485,2487,2489,2492],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2481,2482],{"class":34},"safe_value ",[28,2484,39],{"class":38},[28,2486,2004],{"class":114},[28,2488,94],{"class":93},[28,2490,2491],{"class":120},"balance_change",[28,2493,101],{"class":93},[28,2495,2496],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2497,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,2499,2500,2502,2504,2507],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,2501,115],{"class":114},[28,2503,94],{"class":93},[28,2505,2506],{"class":120},"safe_value",[28,2508,101],{"class":93},[14,2510,336],{},[18,2512,2513],{"className":20,"code":2477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,2514,2515],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2516,2517],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2518,2477],{"class":97},[1109,2520,2522],{"id":2521},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[18,2524,2526],{"className":20,"code":2525,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[25,2527,2528,2538,2548,2552,2572],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2529,2530,2533,2535],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2531,2532],{"class":34},"guess ",[28,2534,39],{"class":38},[28,2536,2537],{"class":97}," 42\n",[28,2539,2540,2543,2545],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2541,2542],{"class":34},"target ",[28,2544,39],{"class":38},[28,2546,2547],{"class":97}," 50\n",[28,2549,2550],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2551,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,2553,2554,2557,2559,2561,2563,2565,2567,2570],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,2555,2556],{"class":34},"difference ",[28,2558,39],{"class":38},[28,2560,2004],{"class":114},[28,2562,94],{"class":93},[28,2564,2532],{"class":120},[28,2566,1790],{"class":38},[28,2568,2569],{"class":120}," target",[28,2571,101],{"class":93},[28,2573,2574,2576,2578,2581],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,2575,115],{"class":114},[28,2577,94],{"class":93},[28,2579,2580],{"class":120},"difference",[28,2582,101],{"class":93},[14,2584,336],{},[18,2586,2587],{"className":20,"code":2150,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,2588,2589],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2590,2591],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2592,2150],{"class":97},[14,2594,2595],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[172,2597,1104],{"id":1103},[1109,2599,2601],{"id":2600},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2603,2604],{},"This causes an error:",[18,2606,2608],{"className":20,"code":2607,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[25,2609,2610],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2611,2612,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2613,115],{"class":114},[28,2615,94],{"class":93},[28,2617,1785],{"class":114},[28,2619,94],{"class":93},[28,2621,234],{"class":42},[28,2623,1905],{"class":46},[28,2625,234],{"class":42},[28,2627,318],{"class":93},[14,2629,2630,2633,2634,2636],{},[25,2631,2632],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[25,2635,1749],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2638,2639,2640,474,2646,271],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[381,2641,2643],{"href":2642},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[25,2644,2645],{},"int()",[381,2647,2649],{"href":2648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[25,2650,2651],{},"float()",[18,2653,2655],{"className":20,"code":2654,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[25,2656,2657,2680],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2658,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2660,115],{"class":114},[28,2662,94],{"class":93},[28,2664,1785],{"class":114},[28,2666,94],{"class":93},[28,2668,372],{"class":89},[28,2670,94],{"class":93},[28,2672,234],{"class":42},[28,2674,1905],{"class":46},[28,2676,234],{"class":42},[28,2678,2679],{"class":93},")))\n",[28,2681,2682,2684,2686,2688,2690,2692,2694,2696,2699,2701],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2683,115],{"class":114},[28,2685,94],{"class":93},[28,2687,1785],{"class":114},[28,2689,94],{"class":93},[28,2691,1962],{"class":89},[28,2693,94],{"class":93},[28,2695,234],{"class":42},[28,2697,2698],{"class":46},"-3.2",[28,2700,234],{"class":42},[28,2702,2679],{"class":93},[14,2704,336],{},[18,2706,2708],{"className":20,"code":2707,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5\n3.2\n",[25,2709,2710,2715],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2711,2712],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2713,2714],{"class":97},"5\n",[28,2716,2717],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2718,2719],{"class":97},"3.2\n",[14,2721,2722,2723,2726,2727,385],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[25,2724,2725],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[381,2728,2730],{"href":2729},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1109,2732,2734],{"id":2733},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2736,2737],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[18,2739,2741],{"className":20,"code":2740,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[25,2742,2743],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2744,2745,2747,2749,2751,2754,2757,2760,2763,2765,2767],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2746,115],{"class":114},[28,2748,94],{"class":93},[28,2750,1785],{"class":114},[28,2752,2753],{"class":93},"([",[28,2755,2756],{"class":97},"1",[28,2758,2759],{"class":93},",",[28,2761,2762],{"class":97}," 2",[28,2764,2759],{"class":93},[28,2766,2221],{"class":97},[28,2768,2769],{"class":93},"]))\n",[14,2771,2772,2773,2776],{},"This raises a ",[25,2774,2775],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1109,2778,2780],{"id":2779},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2782,2783,2785],{},[25,2784,1749],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[18,2787,2789],{"className":20,"code":2788,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[25,2790,2791,2803,2813,2817],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2792,2793,2796,2798,2800],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2794,2795],{"class":34},"x ",[28,2797,39],{"class":38},[28,2799,1991],{"class":38},[28,2801,2802],{"class":97},"9\n",[28,2804,2805,2807,2809,2811],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2806,1785],{"class":114},[28,2808,94],{"class":93},[28,2810,1944],{"class":120},[28,2812,101],{"class":93},[28,2814,2815],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2816,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,2818,2819,2821,2823,2825],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,2820,115],{"class":114},[28,2822,94],{"class":93},[28,2824,1944],{"class":120},[28,2826,101],{"class":93},[14,2828,336],{},[18,2830,2832],{"className":20,"code":2831,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"-9\n",[25,2833,2834],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2835,2836,2838],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2837,1790],{"class":38},[28,2839,2802],{"class":97},[14,2841,2842],{},"If you want to store the result:",[18,2844,2846],{"className":20,"code":2845,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[25,2847,2848,2858,2872,2876],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2849,2850,2852,2854,2856],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2851,2795],{"class":34},[28,2853,39],{"class":38},[28,2855,1991],{"class":38},[28,2857,2802],{"class":97},[28,2859,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,2861,2795],{"class":34},[28,2863,39],{"class":38},[28,2865,2004],{"class":114},[28,2867,94],{"class":93},[28,2869,1944],{"class":120},[28,2871,101],{"class":93},[28,2873,2874],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,2875,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,2877,2878,2880,2882,2884],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,2879,115],{"class":114},[28,2881,94],{"class":93},[28,2883,1944],{"class":120},[28,2885,101],{"class":93},[14,2887,336],{},[18,2889,2890],{"className":20,"code":2802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,2891,2892],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2893,2894],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2895,2802],{"class":97},[1109,2897,2899],{"id":2898},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,2901,2902,2904],{},[25,2903,1749],{}," does not round numbers.",[18,2906,2908],{"className":20,"code":2907,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[25,2909,2910],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2911,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922,2925],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2913,115],{"class":114},[28,2915,94],{"class":93},[28,2917,1785],{"class":114},[28,2919,94],{"class":93},[28,2921,1790],{"class":38},[28,2923,2924],{"class":97},"4.7",[28,2926,318],{"class":93},[14,2928,336],{},[18,2930,2932],{"className":20,"code":2931,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"4.7\n",[25,2933,2934],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2935,2936],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2937,2931],{"class":97},[14,2939,2940,2941,2943,2944,2946],{},"If you expected ",[25,2942,1905],{},", that is a different operation. ",[25,2945,1749],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[172,2948,2950],{"id":2949},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,2952,2953,2955],{},[25,2954,1749],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[177,2957,2958,2965,2972],{},[180,2959,2960,2962,2963],{},[25,2961,372],{}," input → returns an ",[25,2964,372],{},[180,2966,2967,2969,2970],{},[25,2968,1962],{}," input → returns a ",[25,2971,1962],{},[180,2973,2974,2969,2976],{},[25,2975,1966],{},[25,2977,1962],{},[14,2979,924],{},[18,2981,2983],{"className":20,"code":2982,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[25,2984,2985,3005,3026],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,2986,2987,2989,2991,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,2988,115],{"class":114},[28,2990,94],{"class":93},[28,2992,311],{"class":89},[28,2994,94],{"class":93},[28,2996,1785],{"class":114},[28,2998,94],{"class":93},[28,3000,1790],{"class":38},[28,3002,1905],{"class":97},[28,3004,2679],{"class":93},[28,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021,3024],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3008,115],{"class":114},[28,3010,94],{"class":93},[28,3012,311],{"class":89},[28,3014,94],{"class":93},[28,3016,1785],{"class":114},[28,3018,94],{"class":93},[28,3020,1790],{"class":38},[28,3022,3023],{"class":97},"3.2",[28,3025,2679],{"class":93},[28,3027,3028,3030,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,3029,115],{"class":114},[28,3031,94],{"class":93},[28,3033,311],{"class":89},[28,3035,94],{"class":93},[28,3037,1785],{"class":114},[28,3039,94],{"class":93},[28,3041,1831],{"class":97},[28,3043,828],{"class":38},[28,3045,2226],{"class":97},[28,3047,1834],{"class":349},[28,3049,2679],{"class":93},[14,3051,336],{},[18,3053,3055],{"className":20,"code":3054,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[25,3056,3057,3071,3085],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3058,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3060,346],{"class":38},[28,3062,350],{"class":349},[28,3064,61],{"class":42},[28,3066,372],{"class":46},[28,3068,358],{"class":42},[28,3070,361],{"class":38},[28,3072,3073,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3074,346],{"class":38},[28,3076,350],{"class":349},[28,3078,61],{"class":42},[28,3080,1962],{"class":46},[28,3082,358],{"class":42},[28,3084,361],{"class":38},[28,3086,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095,3097],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,3088,346],{"class":38},[28,3090,350],{"class":349},[28,3092,61],{"class":42},[28,3094,1962],{"class":46},[28,3096,358],{"class":42},[28,3098,361],{"class":38},[14,3100,3101],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3103,3104],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3106,3107],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[18,3109,3111],{"className":20,"code":3110,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[25,3112,3113,3126,3136,3150,3154,3168],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3114,3115,3117,3119,3121,3124],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3116,2216],{"class":34},[28,3118,39],{"class":38},[28,3120,43],{"class":42},[28,3122,3123],{"class":46},"-5",[28,3125,50],{"class":42},[28,3127,3128,3130,3132,3134],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3129,115],{"class":114},[28,3131,94],{"class":93},[28,3133,2242],{"class":120},[28,3135,101],{"class":93},[28,3137,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,3139,115],{"class":114},[28,3141,94],{"class":93},[28,3143,311],{"class":89},[28,3145,94],{"class":93},[28,3147,2242],{"class":120},[28,3149,318],{"class":93},[28,3151,3152],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,3153,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,3155,3156,3159,3161,3163,3166],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,3157,3158],{"class":34},"user_input ",[28,3160,39],{"class":38},[28,3162,43],{"class":42},[28,3164,3165],{"class":46},"-3.7",[28,3167,50],{"class":42},[28,3169,3170,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3185],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,3171,115],{"class":114},[28,3173,94],{"class":93},[28,3175,1785],{"class":114},[28,3177,94],{"class":93},[28,3179,1962],{"class":89},[28,3181,94],{"class":93},[28,3183,3184],{"class":120},"user_input",[28,3186,2679],{"class":93},[14,3188,336],{},[18,3190,3192],{"className":20,"code":3191,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[25,3193,3194,3200,3214],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3195,3196,3198],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3197,1790],{"class":38},[28,3199,2714],{"class":97},[28,3201,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3212],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3203,346],{"class":38},[28,3205,350],{"class":349},[28,3207,61],{"class":42},[28,3209,355],{"class":46},[28,3211,358],{"class":42},[28,3213,361],{"class":38},[28,3215,3216],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,3217,3218],{"class":97},"3.7\n",[172,3220,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,3222,3224],{"id":3223},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3226,3227],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1109,3229,3231],{"id":3230},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3233,3234],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1109,3236,3238],{"id":3237},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3240,3241],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1109,3243,3245],{"id":3244},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3247,3248,3250,3251,474,3253,3255,3256,385],{},[25,3249,2725],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[25,3252,2645],{},[25,3254,2651],{}," before using ",[25,3257,1749],{},[1109,3259,3261],{"id":3260},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3263,3264],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[172,3266,1662],{"id":1661},[177,3268,3269,3275,3281,3287,3292],{},[180,3270,3271],{},[381,3272,3273,861],{"href":2642},[25,3274,2645],{},[180,3276,3277],{},[381,3278,3279,861],{"href":2648},[25,3280,2651],{},[180,3282,3283],{},[381,3284,3285,861],{"href":2068},[25,3286,270],{},[180,3288,3289],{},[381,3290,3291],{"href":2729},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[180,3293,3294],{},[381,3295,2189],{"href":2188},[1699,3297,3298],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":3300},[3301,3302,3303,3304,3305,3306,3312,3318,3319,3326],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":1866,"depth":53,"text":1867},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":2075,"depth":53,"text":2076},{"id":2192,"depth":53,"text":2193},{"id":2298,"depth":53,"text":2299,"children":3307},[3308,3309,3310,3311],{"id":2307,"depth":70,"text":2308},{"id":2405,"depth":70,"text":2406},{"id":2454,"depth":70,"text":2455},{"id":2521,"depth":70,"text":2522},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":3313},[3314,3315,3316,3317],{"id":2600,"depth":70,"text":2601},{"id":2733,"depth":70,"text":2734},{"id":2779,"depth":70,"text":2780},{"id":2898,"depth":70,"text":2899},{"id":2949,"depth":53,"text":2950},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":3320},[3321,3322,3323,3324,3325],{"id":3223,"depth":70,"text":3224},{"id":3230,"depth":70,"text":3231},{"id":3237,"depth":70,"text":3238},{"id":3244,"depth":70,"text":3245},{"id":3260,"depth":70,"text":3261},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1739,"description":3327},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3334,"title":3335,"body":3336,"description":5045,"extension":1730,"meta":5046,"navigation":107,"path":5047,"seo":5048,"stem":5049,"__hash__":5050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3337,"toc":5009},[3338,3345,3351,3354,3370,3374,3432,3442,3449,3453,3472,3475,3492,3495,3499,3507,3524,3527,3566,3569,3576,3582,3658,3660,3692,3698,3702,3706,3745,3747,3756,3763,3767,3806,3808,3817,3827,3831,3887,3889,3897,3900,3903,3950,3952,3960,3966,3973,3978,3981,3984,4051,4053,4061,4064,4131,4133,4141,4155,4158,4169,4173,4179,4182,4184,4200,4202,4210,4213,4216,4219,4236,4239,4242,4272,4274,4287,4291,4295,4298,4313,4318,4321,4348,4354,4357,4397,4404,4410,4418,4421,4473,4480,4545,4550,4559,4562,4580,4586,4589,4731,4737,4742,4745,4756,4759,4814,4816,4824,4827,4886,4888,4896,4899,4910,4912,4919,4928,4937,4940,4947,4950,4959,4972,4974,5006],[10,3339,858,3341,3344],{"id":3340},"python-all-function-explained",[25,3342,3343],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3346,3347,3348,3350],{},"Python’s ",[25,3349,3343],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3352,3353],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[177,3355,3356,3359,3362],{},[180,3357,3358],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[180,3360,3361],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[180,3363,3364,2166,3367,3369],{},[25,3365,3366],{},"all([])",[25,3368,777],{},", which often seems strange at first",[172,3371,3373],{"id":3372},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[18,3375,3377],{"className":20,"code":3376,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[25,3378,3379,3402,3418],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3380,3381,3384,3386,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397,3399],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3382,3383],{"class":34},"numbers ",[28,3385,39],{"class":38},[28,3387,3388],{"class":93}," [",[28,3390,2756],{"class":97},[28,3392,2759],{"class":93},[28,3394,2762],{"class":97},[28,3396,2759],{"class":93},[28,3398,2221],{"class":97},[28,3400,3401],{"class":93},"]\n",[28,3403,3404,3406,3408,3411,3413,3416],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3405,1999],{"class":34},[28,3407,39],{"class":38},[28,3409,3410],{"class":114}," all",[28,3412,94],{"class":93},[28,3414,3415],{"class":120},"numbers",[28,3417,101],{"class":93},[28,3419,3420,3422,3424,3426,3429],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,3421,115],{"class":114},[28,3423,94],{"class":93},[28,3425,2033],{"class":120},[28,3427,3428],{"class":93},")",[28,3430,3431],{"class":1006},"  # True\n",[14,3433,3434,2166,3436,3438,3439,385],{},[25,3435,3343],{},[25,3437,777],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[25,3440,3441],{},"False",[172,3443,3445,3446,3448],{"id":3444},"what-all-does","What ",[25,3447,3343],{}," does",[14,3450,3451,271],{},[25,3452,3343],{},[177,3454,3455,3458,3464,3469],{},[180,3456,3457],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[180,3459,3460,3461,3463],{},"returns ",[25,3462,777],{}," if all items are truthy",[180,3465,3460,3466,3468],{},[25,3467,3441],{}," if any item is falsy",[180,3470,3471],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3473,3474],{},"Basic syntax:",[18,3476,3478],{"className":20,"code":3477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"all(iterable)\n",[25,3479,3480],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3481,3482,3485,3487,3490],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3483,3484],{"class":114},"all",[28,3486,94],{"class":93},[28,3488,3489],{"class":120},"iterable",[28,3491,101],{"class":93},[14,3493,3494],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[172,3496,3498],{"id":3497},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3500,3501,3502,474,3504,3506],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[25,3503,777],{},[25,3505,3441],{}," in conditions.",[177,3508,3509,3517],{},[180,3510,3511,3514,3515],{},[163,3512,3513],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[25,3516,777],{},[180,3518,3519,3514,3522],{},[163,3520,3521],{},"Falsy",[25,3523,3441],{},[14,3525,3526],{},"Common falsy values include:",[177,3528,3529,3533,3538,3542,3547,3551,3556,3561],{},[180,3530,3531],{},[25,3532,1888],{},[180,3534,3535],{},[25,3536,3537],{},"0.0",[180,3539,3540],{},[25,3541,477],{},[180,3543,3544],{},[25,3545,3546],{},"None",[180,3548,3549],{},[25,3550,3441],{},[180,3552,3553],{},[25,3554,3555],{},"[]",[180,3557,3558],{},[25,3559,3560],{},"{}",[180,3562,3563],{},[25,3564,3565],{},"set()",[14,3567,3568],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3570,3571,3572,385],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[381,3573,3575],{"href":3574},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3577,3578,3579,271],{},"You can test this with ",[25,3580,3581],{},"bool()",[18,3583,3585],{"className":20,"code":3584,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[25,3586,3587,3623,3627],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3588,3589,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3603,3605,3608,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618,3621],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3590,3591],{"class":34},"values ",[28,3593,39],{"class":38},[28,3595,3388],{"class":93},[28,3597,2756],{"class":97},[28,3599,2759],{"class":93},[28,3601,3602],{"class":97}," 0",[28,3604,2759],{"class":93},[28,3606,3607],{"class":42}," ''",[28,3609,2759],{"class":93},[28,3611,61],{"class":42},[28,3613,238],{"class":46},[28,3615,358],{"class":42},[28,3617,2759],{"class":93},[28,3619,3620],{"class":776}," None",[28,3622,3401],{"class":93},[28,3624,3625],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3626,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,3628,3629,3631,3633,3636,3638,3640,3642,3646,3649,3652,3655],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,3630,115],{"class":114},[28,3632,2753],{"class":93},[28,3634,3635],{"class":89},"bool",[28,3637,94],{"class":93},[28,3639,1944],{"class":120},[28,3641,3428],{"class":93},[28,3643,3645],{"class":3644},"sVHd0"," for",[28,3647,3648],{"class":120}," x ",[28,3650,3651],{"class":3644},"in",[28,3653,3654],{"class":120}," values",[28,3656,3657],{"class":93},"])\n",[14,3659,336],{},[18,3661,3663],{"className":20,"code":3662,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[25,3664,3665],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3666,3667,3670,3672,3674,3677,3679,3681,3683,3686,3688,3690],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3668,3669],{"class":93},"[",[28,3671,777],{"class":776},[28,3673,2759],{"class":93},[28,3675,3676],{"class":776}," False",[28,3678,2759],{"class":93},[28,3680,3676],{"class":776},[28,3682,2759],{"class":93},[28,3684,3685],{"class":776}," True",[28,3687,2759],{"class":93},[28,3689,3676],{"class":776},[28,3691,3401],{"class":93},[14,3693,3694,3695,3697],{},"This matters because ",[25,3696,3343],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[172,3699,3701],{"id":3700},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1109,3703,3705],{"id":3704},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[18,3707,3709],{"className":20,"code":3708,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[25,3710,3711,3731],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3712,3713,3715,3717,3719,3721,3723,3725,3727,3729],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3714,3383],{"class":34},[28,3716,39],{"class":38},[28,3718,3388],{"class":93},[28,3720,2756],{"class":97},[28,3722,2759],{"class":93},[28,3724,2762],{"class":97},[28,3726,2759],{"class":93},[28,3728,2221],{"class":97},[28,3730,3401],{"class":93},[28,3732,3733,3735,3737,3739,3741,3743],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3734,115],{"class":114},[28,3736,94],{"class":93},[28,3738,3484],{"class":114},[28,3740,94],{"class":93},[28,3742,3415],{"class":120},[28,3744,318],{"class":93},[14,3746,336],{},[18,3748,3750],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\n",[25,3751,3752],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3753,3754],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3755,3749],{"class":776},[14,3757,3758,3759,2166,3761,385],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[25,3760,3343],{},[25,3762,777],{},[1109,3764,3766],{"id":3765},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[18,3768,3770],{"className":20,"code":3769,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[25,3771,3772,3792],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3773,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786,3788,3790],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3775,3383],{"class":34},[28,3777,39],{"class":38},[28,3779,3388],{"class":93},[28,3781,2756],{"class":97},[28,3783,2759],{"class":93},[28,3785,3602],{"class":97},[28,3787,2759],{"class":93},[28,3789,2221],{"class":97},[28,3791,3401],{"class":93},[28,3793,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3795,115],{"class":114},[28,3797,94],{"class":93},[28,3799,3484],{"class":114},[28,3801,94],{"class":93},[28,3803,3415],{"class":120},[28,3805,318],{"class":93},[14,3807,336],{},[18,3809,3811],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"False\n",[25,3812,3813],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3814,3815],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3816,3810],{"class":776},[14,3818,3819,3820,3822,3823,2166,3825,385],{},"The value ",[25,3821,1888],{}," is falsy, so ",[25,3824,3343],{},[25,3826,3441],{},[1109,3828,3830],{"id":3829},"example-strings","Example: strings",[18,3832,3834],{"className":20,"code":3833,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[25,3835,3836,3872],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3837,3838,3841,3843,3845,3847,3850,3852,3854,3856,3859,3861,3863,3865,3868,3870],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3839,3840],{"class":34},"words ",[28,3842,39],{"class":38},[28,3844,3388],{"class":93},[28,3846,358],{"class":42},[28,3848,3849],{"class":46},"apple",[28,3851,358],{"class":42},[28,3853,2759],{"class":93},[28,3855,61],{"class":42},[28,3857,3858],{"class":46},"banana",[28,3860,358],{"class":42},[28,3862,2759],{"class":93},[28,3864,61],{"class":42},[28,3866,3867],{"class":46},"cherry",[28,3869,358],{"class":42},[28,3871,3401],{"class":93},[28,3873,3874,3876,3878,3880,3882,3885],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3875,115],{"class":114},[28,3877,94],{"class":93},[28,3879,3484],{"class":114},[28,3881,94],{"class":93},[28,3883,3884],{"class":120},"words",[28,3886,318],{"class":93},[14,3888,336],{},[18,3890,3891],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,3892,3893],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3894,3895],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3896,3749],{"class":776},[14,3898,3899],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,3901,3902],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[18,3904,3906],{"className":20,"code":3905,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[25,3907,3908,3936],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3911,3840],{"class":34},[28,3913,39],{"class":38},[28,3915,3388],{"class":93},[28,3917,358],{"class":42},[28,3919,3849],{"class":46},[28,3921,358],{"class":42},[28,3923,2759],{"class":93},[28,3925,3607],{"class":42},[28,3927,2759],{"class":93},[28,3929,61],{"class":42},[28,3931,3867],{"class":46},[28,3933,358],{"class":42},[28,3935,3401],{"class":93},[28,3937,3938,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,3939,115],{"class":114},[28,3941,94],{"class":93},[28,3943,3484],{"class":114},[28,3945,94],{"class":93},[28,3947,3884],{"class":120},[28,3949,318],{"class":93},[14,3951,336],{},[18,3953,3954],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,3955,3956],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3957,3958],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3959,3810],{"class":776},[14,3961,3962,3963,3965],{},"The empty string ",[25,3964,477],{}," is falsy.",[172,3967,3969,3970,3972],{"id":3968},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[25,3971,3343],{}," works with conditions",[14,3974,3975,3977],{},[25,3976,3343],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,3979,3980],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,3982,3983],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[18,3985,3987],{"className":20,"code":3986,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,3988,3989,4009,4037,4041],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,3990,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003,4005,4007],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,3992,3383],{"class":34},[28,3994,39],{"class":38},[28,3996,3388],{"class":93},[28,3998,2756],{"class":97},[28,4000,2759],{"class":93},[28,4002,2762],{"class":97},[28,4004,2759],{"class":93},[28,4006,2221],{"class":97},[28,4008,3401],{"class":93},[28,4010,4011,4013,4015,4017,4019,4021,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4035],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4012,1999],{"class":34},[28,4014,39],{"class":38},[28,4016,3410],{"class":114},[28,4018,94],{"class":93},[28,4020,2795],{"class":120},[28,4022,4023],{"class":38},">",[28,4025,3602],{"class":97},[28,4027,3645],{"class":3644},[28,4029,3648],{"class":120},[28,4031,3651],{"class":3644},[28,4033,4034],{"class":120}," numbers",[28,4036,101],{"class":93},[28,4038,4039],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,4040,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,4042,4043,4045,4047,4049],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,4044,115],{"class":114},[28,4046,94],{"class":93},[28,4048,2033],{"class":120},[28,4050,101],{"class":93},[14,4052,336],{},[18,4054,4055],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,4056,4057],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4058,4059],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4060,3749],{"class":776},[14,4062,4063],{},"Here is one that fails:",[18,4065,4067],{"className":20,"code":4066,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,4068,4069,4091,4117,4121],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4070,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087,4089],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4072,3383],{"class":34},[28,4074,39],{"class":38},[28,4076,3388],{"class":93},[28,4078,2756],{"class":97},[28,4080,2759],{"class":93},[28,4082,1991],{"class":38},[28,4084,1825],{"class":97},[28,4086,2759],{"class":93},[28,4088,2221],{"class":97},[28,4090,3401],{"class":93},[28,4092,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4094,1999],{"class":34},[28,4096,39],{"class":38},[28,4098,3410],{"class":114},[28,4100,94],{"class":93},[28,4102,2795],{"class":120},[28,4104,4023],{"class":38},[28,4106,3602],{"class":97},[28,4108,3645],{"class":3644},[28,4110,3648],{"class":120},[28,4112,3651],{"class":3644},[28,4114,4034],{"class":120},[28,4116,101],{"class":93},[28,4118,4119],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,4120,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,4122,4123,4125,4127,4129],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,4124,115],{"class":114},[28,4126,94],{"class":93},[28,4128,2033],{"class":120},[28,4130,101],{"class":93},[14,4132,336],{},[18,4134,4135],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,4136,4137],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4138,4139],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4140,3810],{"class":776},[14,4142,4143,4144,4147,4148,4150,4151,2166,4153,385],{},"The expression ",[25,4145,4146],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[25,4149,777],{},", then ",[25,4152,3343],{},[25,4154,777],{},[14,4156,4157],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4159,4160,4161,1323,4165,385],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[381,4162,4164],{"href":4163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[381,4166,4168],{"href":4167},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[172,4170,4172],{"id":4171},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4174,4175,2166,4177,385],{},[25,4176,3366],{},[25,4178,777],{},[14,4180,4181],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4183,924],{},[18,4185,4187],{"className":20,"code":4186,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(all([]))\n",[25,4188,4189],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4190,4191,4193,4195,4197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4192,115],{"class":114},[28,4194,94],{"class":93},[28,4196,3484],{"class":114},[28,4198,4199],{"class":93},"([]))\n",[14,4201,336],{},[18,4203,4204],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,4205,4206],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4207,4208],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4209,3749],{"class":776},[14,4211,4212],{},"Why?",[14,4214,4215],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4217,4218],{},"Think of it this way:",[177,4220,4221,4228,4231],{},[180,4222,4223,2166,4225,4227],{},[25,4224,3343],{},[25,4226,3441],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[180,4229,4230],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[180,4232,4233,4234],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[25,4235,3441],{},[14,4237,4238],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4240,4241],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[18,4243,4245],{"className":20,"code":4244,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[25,4246,4247,4258],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4248,4249,4251,4253,4255],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4250,115],{"class":114},[28,4252,94],{"class":93},[28,4254,3484],{"class":114},[28,4256,4257],{"class":93},"(()))\n",[28,4259,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4261,115],{"class":114},[28,4263,94],{"class":93},[28,4265,3484],{"class":114},[28,4267,94],{"class":93},[28,4269,477],{"class":42},[28,4271,318],{"class":93},[14,4273,336],{},[18,4275,4277],{"className":20,"code":4276,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nTrue\n",[25,4278,4279,4283],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4280,4281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4282,3749],{"class":776},[28,4284,4285],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4286,3749],{"class":776},[172,4288,4290],{"id":4289},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1109,4292,4294],{"id":4293},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4296,4297],{},"This is wrong:",[18,4299,4301],{"className":20,"code":4300,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[25,4302,4303,4308],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4304,4305],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4306,4307],{"class":1006},"# Wrong\n",[28,4309,4310],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4311,4312],{"class":1006},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4314,4315,4317],{},[25,4316,3343],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4319,4320],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[18,4322,4324],{"className":20,"code":4323,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[25,4325,4326],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4327,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4329,115],{"class":114},[28,4331,94],{"class":93},[28,4333,3484],{"class":114},[28,4335,2753],{"class":93},[28,4337,2756],{"class":97},[28,4339,2759],{"class":93},[28,4341,2762],{"class":97},[28,4343,2759],{"class":93},[28,4345,2221],{"class":97},[28,4347,2769],{"class":93},[1109,4349,1320,4351,4353],{"id":4350},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[25,4352,3343],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4355,4356],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[18,4358,4360],{"className":20,"code":4359,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[25,4361,4362,4383],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4363,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4377,4379,4381],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4365,3383],{"class":34},[28,4367,39],{"class":38},[28,4369,3388],{"class":93},[28,4371,1905],{"class":97},[28,4373,2759],{"class":93},[28,4375,4376],{"class":97}," 5",[28,4378,2759],{"class":93},[28,4380,4376],{"class":97},[28,4382,3401],{"class":93},[28,4384,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4386,115],{"class":114},[28,4388,94],{"class":93},[28,4390,3484],{"class":114},[28,4392,94],{"class":93},[28,4394,3415],{"class":120},[28,4396,318],{"class":93},[14,4398,4399,4400,4403],{},"This does ",[163,4401,4402],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4405,4406,4407,4409],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[25,4408,1905],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[18,4411,4412],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,4413,4414],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4415,4416],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4417,3749],{"class":776},[14,4419,4420],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[18,4422,4424],{"className":20,"code":4423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[25,4425,4426,4446],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4427,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436,4438,4440,4442,4444],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4429,3383],{"class":34},[28,4431,39],{"class":38},[28,4433,3388],{"class":93},[28,4435,1905],{"class":97},[28,4437,2759],{"class":93},[28,4439,4376],{"class":97},[28,4441,2759],{"class":93},[28,4443,4376],{"class":97},[28,4445,3401],{"class":93},[28,4447,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4449,115],{"class":114},[28,4451,94],{"class":93},[28,4453,3484],{"class":114},[28,4455,94],{"class":93},[28,4457,2795],{"class":120},[28,4459,4460],{"class":38},"==",[28,4462,4376],{"class":97},[28,4464,3645],{"class":3644},[28,4466,3648],{"class":120},[28,4468,3651],{"class":3644},[28,4470,4034],{"class":120},[28,4472,318],{"class":93},[1109,4474,4476,4477,4479],{"id":4475},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[25,4478,1888],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[18,4481,4483],{"className":20,"code":4482,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[25,4484,4485,4511],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4486,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4508],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4488,115],{"class":114},[28,4490,94],{"class":93},[28,4492,3484],{"class":114},[28,4494,2753],{"class":93},[28,4496,2756],{"class":97},[28,4498,2759],{"class":93},[28,4500,2762],{"class":97},[28,4502,2759],{"class":93},[28,4504,3602],{"class":97},[28,4506,4507],{"class":93},"]))",[28,4509,4510],{"class":1006},"       # False\n",[28,4512,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4514,115],{"class":114},[28,4516,94],{"class":93},[28,4518,3484],{"class":114},[28,4520,2753],{"class":93},[28,4522,358],{"class":42},[28,4524,381],{"class":46},[28,4526,358],{"class":42},[28,4528,2759],{"class":93},[28,4530,61],{"class":42},[28,4532,4533],{"class":46},"b",[28,4535,358],{"class":42},[28,4537,2759],{"class":93},[28,4539,3607],{"class":42},[28,4541,4507],{"class":93},[28,4543,4544],{"class":1006},"  # False\n",[14,4546,4547,4548,385],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[25,4549,3441],{},[1109,4551,4553,4554,4556,4557],{"id":4552},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[25,4555,3366],{}," is ",[25,4558,777],{},[14,4560,4561],{},"This is expected behavior:",[18,4563,4565],{"className":20,"code":4564,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[25,4566,4567],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4568,4569,4571,4573,4575,4578],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4570,115],{"class":114},[28,4572,94],{"class":93},[28,4574,3484],{"class":114},[28,4576,4577],{"class":93},"([]))",[28,4579,3431],{"class":1006},[14,4581,4582,4583,4585],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[25,4584,777],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4587,4588],{},"Useful quick tests:",[18,4590,4592],{"className":20,"code":4591,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[25,4593,4594,4616,4638,4685,4721],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4595,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4597,115],{"class":114},[28,4599,94],{"class":93},[28,4601,3484],{"class":114},[28,4603,2753],{"class":93},[28,4605,2756],{"class":97},[28,4607,2759],{"class":93},[28,4609,2762],{"class":97},[28,4611,2759],{"class":93},[28,4613,2221],{"class":97},[28,4615,2769],{"class":93},[28,4617,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4619,115],{"class":114},[28,4621,94],{"class":93},[28,4623,3484],{"class":114},[28,4625,2753],{"class":93},[28,4627,2756],{"class":97},[28,4629,2759],{"class":93},[28,4631,3602],{"class":97},[28,4633,2759],{"class":93},[28,4635,2221],{"class":97},[28,4637,2769],{"class":93},[28,4639,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,4641,115],{"class":114},[28,4643,2753],{"class":93},[28,4645,3635],{"class":89},[28,4647,94],{"class":93},[28,4649,1944],{"class":120},[28,4651,3428],{"class":93},[28,4653,3645],{"class":3644},[28,4655,3648],{"class":120},[28,4657,3651],{"class":3644},[28,4659,3388],{"class":93},[28,4661,2756],{"class":97},[28,4663,2759],{"class":93},[28,4665,3602],{"class":97},[28,4667,2759],{"class":93},[28,4669,3607],{"class":42},[28,4671,2759],{"class":93},[28,4673,61],{"class":42},[28,4675,238],{"class":46},[28,4677,358],{"class":42},[28,4679,2759],{"class":93},[28,4681,3620],{"class":776},[28,4683,4684],{"class":93},"]])\n",[28,4686,4687,4689,4691,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,4688,115],{"class":114},[28,4690,94],{"class":93},[28,4692,3484],{"class":114},[28,4694,94],{"class":93},[28,4696,2795],{"class":120},[28,4698,4023],{"class":38},[28,4700,3602],{"class":97},[28,4702,3645],{"class":3644},[28,4704,3648],{"class":120},[28,4706,3651],{"class":3644},[28,4708,3388],{"class":93},[28,4710,2756],{"class":97},[28,4712,2759],{"class":93},[28,4714,2762],{"class":97},[28,4716,2759],{"class":93},[28,4718,2221],{"class":97},[28,4720,2769],{"class":93},[28,4722,4723,4725,4727,4729],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,4724,115],{"class":114},[28,4726,94],{"class":93},[28,4728,3484],{"class":114},[28,4730,4199],{"class":93},[172,4732,4734,4735],{"id":4733},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[25,4736,3343],{},[14,4738,4739,4741],{},[25,4740,3343],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4743,4744],{},"Common use cases:",[177,4746,4747,4750,4753],{},[180,4748,4749],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[180,4751,4752],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[180,4754,4755],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4757,4758],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[18,4760,4762],{"className":20,"code":4761,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[25,4763,4764,4799],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4765,4766,4769,4771,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4786,4788,4790,4792,4795,4797],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4767,4768],{"class":34},"names ",[28,4770,39],{"class":38},[28,4772,3388],{"class":93},[28,4774,358],{"class":42},[28,4776,47],{"class":46},[28,4778,358],{"class":42},[28,4780,2759],{"class":93},[28,4782,61],{"class":42},[28,4784,4785],{"class":46},"Bob",[28,4787,358],{"class":42},[28,4789,2759],{"class":93},[28,4791,61],{"class":42},[28,4793,4794],{"class":46},"Charlie",[28,4796,358],{"class":42},[28,4798,3401],{"class":93},[28,4800,4801,4803,4805,4807,4809,4812],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4802,115],{"class":114},[28,4804,94],{"class":93},[28,4806,3484],{"class":114},[28,4808,94],{"class":93},[28,4810,4811],{"class":120},"names",[28,4813,318],{"class":93},[14,4815,336],{},[18,4817,4818],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,4819,4820],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4821,4822],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4823,3749],{"class":776},[14,4825,4826],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[18,4828,4830],{"className":20,"code":4829,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[25,4831,4832,4856],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4833,4834,4837,4839,4841,4844,4846,4849,4851,4854],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4835,4836],{"class":34},"scores ",[28,4838,39],{"class":38},[28,4840,3388],{"class":93},[28,4842,4843],{"class":97},"75",[28,4845,2759],{"class":93},[28,4847,4848],{"class":97}," 80",[28,4850,2759],{"class":93},[28,4852,4853],{"class":97}," 50",[28,4855,3401],{"class":93},[28,4857,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4869,4872,4874,4876,4879,4881,4884],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,4859,115],{"class":114},[28,4861,94],{"class":93},[28,4863,3484],{"class":114},[28,4865,94],{"class":93},[28,4867,4868],{"class":120},"score ",[28,4870,4871],{"class":38},">=",[28,4873,4853],{"class":97},[28,4875,3645],{"class":3644},[28,4877,4878],{"class":120}," score ",[28,4880,3651],{"class":3644},[28,4882,4883],{"class":120}," scores",[28,4885,318],{"class":93},[14,4887,336],{},[18,4889,4890],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,4891,4892],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,4893,4894],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,4895,3749],{"class":776},[14,4897,4898],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,4900,4901,4902,1323,4906,385],{},"For related tasks, see ",[381,4903,4905],{"href":4904},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[381,4907,4909],{"href":4908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[172,4911,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,4913,4915,4916,4918],{"id":4914},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[25,4917,3343],{}," return in Python?",[14,4920,4921,4922,4924,4925,4927],{},"It returns ",[25,4923,777],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[25,4926,3441],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1109,4929,4931,4932,4934,4935,2262],{"id":4930},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[25,4933,3366],{}," return ",[25,4936,777],{},[14,4938,4939],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1109,4941,4943,4944,4946],{"id":4942},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[25,4945,3343],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,4948,4949],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1109,4951,4953,4954,1323,4956,2262],{"id":4952},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[25,4955,3343],{},[25,4957,4958],{},"any()",[14,4960,4961,4963,4964,4966,4967,385],{},[25,4962,3343],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[25,4965,4958],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[381,4968,858,4970,861],{"href":4969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[25,4971,4958],{},[172,4973,1662],{"id":1661},[177,4975,4976,4982,4986,4991,4996,5001],{},[180,4977,4978],{},[381,4979,858,4980,861],{"href":4969},[25,4981,4958],{},[180,4983,4984],{},[381,4985,3575],{"href":3574},[180,4987,4988],{},[381,4989,4990],{"href":4908},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[180,4992,4993],{},[381,4994,4995],{"href":4904},"How to filter a list in Python",[180,4997,4998],{},[381,4999,5000],{"href":4163},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[180,5002,5003],{},[381,5004,5005],{"href":4167},"What is an iterable in Python",[1699,5007,5008],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":5010},[5011,5012,5014,5015,5020,5022,5023,5032,5034,5044],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":3444,"depth":53,"text":5013},"What all() does",{"id":3497,"depth":53,"text":3498},{"id":3700,"depth":53,"text":3701,"children":5016},[5017,5018,5019],{"id":3704,"depth":70,"text":3705},{"id":3765,"depth":70,"text":3766},{"id":3829,"depth":70,"text":3830},{"id":3968,"depth":53,"text":5021},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4171,"depth":53,"text":4172},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":5024},[5025,5026,5028,5030],{"id":4293,"depth":70,"text":4294},{"id":4350,"depth":70,"text":5027},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4475,"depth":70,"text":5029},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4552,"depth":70,"text":5031},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4733,"depth":53,"text":5033},"When to use all()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":5035},[5036,5038,5040,5042],{"id":4914,"depth":70,"text":5037},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4930,"depth":70,"text":5039},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4942,"depth":70,"text":5041},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4952,"depth":70,"text":5043},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3335,"description":5045},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5052,"title":5053,"body":5054,"description":6743,"extension":1730,"meta":6744,"navigation":107,"path":4969,"seo":6745,"stem":6746,"__hash__":6747},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5055,"toc":6721},[5056,5059,5067,5070,5087,5095,5139,5148,5152,5157,5160,5177,5180,5191,5203,5207,5210,5225,5230,5233,5245,5248,5333,5336,5357,5363,5365,5373,5387,5389,5423,5425,5428,5489,5491,5508,5511,5538,5540,5548,5560,5564,5567,5606,5608,5616,5618,5634,5642,5645,5688,5690,5698,5703,5707,5715,5718,5745,5748,5751,5825,5827,5835,5842,5866,5877,5880,5959,5961,5969,5976,5980,5985,6000,6002,6010,6013,6019,6022,6067,6069,6086,6090,6095,6106,6109,6221,6224,6283,6289,6291,6296,6300,6302,6321,6327,6330,6349,6353,6362,6389,6391,6399,6407,6411,6417,6440,6442,6450,6457,6461,6464,6515,6518,6569,6572,6574,6578,6585,6589,6596,6600,6608,6612,6615,6637,6639,6689,6691,6718],[10,5057,5053],{"id":5058},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5060,5061,5063,5064,385],{},[25,5062,4958],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[163,5065,5066],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5068,5069],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[177,5071,5072,5075,5078,5081,5084],{},[180,5073,5074],{},"lists",[180,5076,5077],{},"tuples",[180,5079,5080],{},"sets",[180,5082,5083],{},"strings",[180,5085,5086],{},"generator expressions",[14,5088,5089,5090,474,5092,5094],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[25,5091,777],{},[25,5093,3441],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[18,5096,5098],{"className":20,"code":5097,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[25,5099,5100,5120],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5101,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5103,3591],{"class":34},[28,5105,39],{"class":38},[28,5107,3388],{"class":93},[28,5109,1888],{"class":97},[28,5111,2759],{"class":93},[28,5113,3607],{"class":42},[28,5115,2759],{"class":93},[28,5117,4376],{"class":97},[28,5119,3401],{"class":93},[28,5121,5122,5124,5126,5129,5131,5134,5137],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5123,115],{"class":114},[28,5125,94],{"class":93},[28,5127,5128],{"class":114},"any",[28,5130,94],{"class":93},[28,5132,5133],{"class":120},"values",[28,5135,5136],{"class":93},"))",[28,5138,3431],{"class":1006},[14,5140,1631,5141,5144,5145,5147],{},[25,5142,5143],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[25,5146,777],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[172,5149,5151],{"id":5150},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5153,5154,5156],{},[25,5155,4958],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5158,5159],{},"It returns:",[177,5161,5162,5167,5172],{},[180,5163,5164,5166],{},[25,5165,777],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[180,5168,5169,5171],{},[25,5170,3441],{}," if all items are falsy",[180,5173,5174,5176],{},[25,5175,3441],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5178,5179],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[177,5181,5182,5185,5188],{},[180,5183,5184],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[180,5186,5187],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[180,5189,5190],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5192,5193,5194,5197,5198,385],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[163,5195,5196],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[381,5199,5201],{"href":5200},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[25,5202,3343],{},[172,5204,5206],{"id":5205},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5208,5209],{},"The syntax is simple:",[18,5211,5213],{"className":20,"code":5212,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"any(iterable)\n",[25,5214,5215],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5216,5217,5219,5221,5223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5218,5128],{"class":114},[28,5220,94],{"class":93},[28,5222,3489],{"class":120},[28,5224,101],{"class":93},[14,5226,5227,5228,385],{},"The argument must be an ",[163,5229,3489],{},[14,5231,5232],{},"Common inputs include:",[177,5234,5235,5237,5239,5241,5243],{},[180,5236,5074],{},[180,5238,5077],{},[180,5240,5080],{},[180,5242,5083],{},[180,5244,5086],{},[14,5246,5247],{},"For example:",[18,5249,5251],{"className":20,"code":5250,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[25,5252,5253,5276,5295,5315],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5254,5255,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271,5274],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5256,115],{"class":114},[28,5258,94],{"class":93},[28,5260,5128],{"class":114},[28,5262,2753],{"class":93},[28,5264,1888],{"class":97},[28,5266,2759],{"class":93},[28,5268,3602],{"class":97},[28,5270,2759],{"class":93},[28,5272,5273],{"class":97}," 1",[28,5275,2769],{"class":93},[28,5277,5278,5280,5282,5284,5287,5289,5291,5293],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5279,115],{"class":114},[28,5281,94],{"class":93},[28,5283,5128],{"class":114},[28,5285,5286],{"class":93},"((",[28,5288,3441],{"class":776},[28,5290,2759],{"class":93},[28,5292,3676],{"class":776},[28,5294,2679],{"class":93},[28,5296,5297,5299,5301,5303,5306,5308,5310,5312],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,5298,115],{"class":114},[28,5300,94],{"class":93},[28,5302,5128],{"class":114},[28,5304,5305],{"class":93},"({",[28,5307,1888],{"class":97},[28,5309,2759],{"class":93},[28,5311,2762],{"class":97},[28,5313,5314],{"class":93},"}))\n",[28,5316,5317,5319,5321,5323,5325,5327,5329,5331],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,5318,115],{"class":114},[28,5320,94],{"class":93},[28,5322,5128],{"class":114},[28,5324,94],{"class":93},[28,5326,234],{"class":42},[28,5328,238],{"class":46},[28,5330,234],{"class":42},[28,5332,318],{"class":93},[14,5334,5335],{},"Expected output:",[18,5337,5339],{"className":20,"code":5338,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[25,5340,5341,5345,5349,5353],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5342,5343],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5344,3749],{"class":776},[28,5346,5347],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5348,3810],{"class":776},[28,5350,5351],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,5352,3749],{"class":776},[28,5354,5355],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,5356,3749],{"class":776},[14,5358,5359,5360,385],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[381,5361,4909],{"href":5362},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[172,5364,3498],{"id":3497},[14,5366,3501,5367,474,5370,3506],{},[163,5368,5369],{},"truthy",[163,5371,5372],{},"falsy",[177,5374,5375,5381],{},[180,5376,5377,3514,5379],{},[163,5378,3513],{},[25,5380,777],{},[180,5382,5383,3514,5385],{},[163,5384,3521],{},[25,5386,3441],{},[14,5388,3526],{},[177,5390,5391,5395,5399,5403,5407,5411,5415,5419],{},[180,5392,5393],{},[25,5394,3441],{},[180,5396,5397],{},[25,5398,1888],{},[180,5400,5401],{},[25,5402,3537],{},[180,5404,5405],{},[25,5406,477],{},[180,5408,5409],{},[25,5410,3555],{},[180,5412,5413],{},[25,5414,3560],{},[180,5416,5417],{},[25,5418,3565],{},[180,5420,5421],{},[25,5422,3546],{},[14,5424,3568],{},[14,5426,5427],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[18,5429,5431],{"className":20,"code":5430,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[25,5432,5433,5447,5465],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5434,5435,5437,5439,5441,5443,5445],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5436,115],{"class":114},[28,5438,94],{"class":93},[28,5440,5128],{"class":114},[28,5442,2753],{"class":93},[28,5444,2756],{"class":97},[28,5446,2769],{"class":93},[28,5448,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5450,115],{"class":114},[28,5452,94],{"class":93},[28,5454,5128],{"class":114},[28,5456,2753],{"class":93},[28,5458,358],{"class":42},[28,5460,238],{"class":46},[28,5462,358],{"class":42},[28,5464,2769],{"class":93},[28,5466,5467,5469,5471,5473,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,5468,115],{"class":114},[28,5470,94],{"class":93},[28,5472,5128],{"class":114},[28,5474,5475],{"class":93},"([[",[28,5477,2756],{"class":97},[28,5479,2759],{"class":93},[28,5481,2762],{"class":97},[28,5483,2759],{"class":93},[28,5485,2221],{"class":97},[28,5487,5488],{"class":93},"]]))\n",[14,5490,5335],{},[18,5492,5494],{"className":20,"code":5493,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[25,5495,5496,5500,5504],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5497,5498],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5499,3749],{"class":776},[28,5501,5502],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5503,3749],{"class":776},[28,5505,5506],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,5507,3749],{"class":776},[14,5509,5510],{},"And these are all falsy:",[18,5512,5514],{"className":20,"code":5513,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[25,5515,5516],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5517,5518,5520,5522,5524,5526,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5519,115],{"class":114},[28,5521,94],{"class":93},[28,5523,5128],{"class":114},[28,5525,2753],{"class":93},[28,5527,1888],{"class":97},[28,5529,2759],{"class":93},[28,5531,3607],{"class":42},[28,5533,2759],{"class":93},[28,5535,3620],{"class":776},[28,5537,2769],{"class":93},[14,5539,5335],{},[18,5541,5542],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,5543,5544],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5545,5546],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5547,3810],{"class":776},[14,5549,5550,5551,1323,5554,385],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[381,5552,3575],{"href":5553},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[381,5555,5557,5559],{"href":5556},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[25,5558,3581],{}," explained",[172,5561,5563],{"id":5562},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5565,5566],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[18,5568,5570],{"className":20,"code":5569,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[25,5571,5572,5592],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5573,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5575,3591],{"class":34},[28,5577,39],{"class":38},[28,5579,3388],{"class":93},[28,5581,1888],{"class":97},[28,5583,2759],{"class":93},[28,5585,3607],{"class":42},[28,5587,2759],{"class":93},[28,5589,4376],{"class":97},[28,5591,3401],{"class":93},[28,5593,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5595,115],{"class":114},[28,5597,94],{"class":93},[28,5599,5128],{"class":114},[28,5601,94],{"class":93},[28,5603,5133],{"class":120},[28,5605,318],{"class":93},[14,5607,336],{},[18,5609,5610],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,5611,5612],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5613,5614],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5615,3749],{"class":776},[14,5617,4212],{},[177,5619,5620,5625,5629],{},[180,5621,5622,5624],{},[25,5623,1888],{}," is falsy",[180,5626,5627,5624],{},[25,5628,477],{},[180,5630,5631,5633],{},[25,5632,1905],{}," is truthy",[14,5635,5636,5637,2166,5640,385],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[25,5638,5639],{},"any(values)",[25,5641,777],{},[14,5643,5644],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[18,5646,5648],{"className":20,"code":5647,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[25,5649,5650,5674],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5651,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5653,3591],{"class":34},[28,5655,39],{"class":38},[28,5657,3388],{"class":93},[28,5659,1888],{"class":97},[28,5661,2759],{"class":93},[28,5663,3607],{"class":42},[28,5665,2759],{"class":93},[28,5667,3620],{"class":776},[28,5669,2759],{"class":93},[28,5671,3676],{"class":776},[28,5673,3401],{"class":93},[28,5675,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5677,115],{"class":114},[28,5679,94],{"class":93},[28,5681,5128],{"class":114},[28,5683,94],{"class":93},[28,5685,5133],{"class":120},[28,5687,318],{"class":93},[14,5689,336],{},[18,5691,5692],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,5693,5694],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5695,5696],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5697,3810],{"class":776},[14,5699,5700,5701,385],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[25,5702,3441],{},[172,5704,5706],{"id":5705},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5708,5709,5711,5712,385],{},[25,5710,4958],{}," is often used with a ",[163,5713,5714],{},"generator expression",[14,5716,5717],{},"This is a common pattern:",[18,5719,5721],{"className":20,"code":5720,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[25,5722,5723],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5724,5725,5727,5729,5732,5735,5738,5740,5743],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5726,5128],{"class":114},[28,5728,94],{"class":93},[28,5730,5731],{"class":120},"condition ",[28,5733,5734],{"class":3644},"for",[28,5736,5737],{"class":120}," item ",[28,5739,3651],{"class":3644},[28,5741,5742],{"class":120}," items",[28,5744,101],{"class":93},[14,5746,5747],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5749,5750],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[18,5752,5754],{"className":20,"code":5753,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[25,5755,5756,5784,5788,5815],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5757,5758,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768,5771,5773,5775,5777,5779,5782],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5759,3383],{"class":34},[28,5761,39],{"class":38},[28,5763,3388],{"class":93},[28,5765,2275],{"class":97},[28,5767,2759],{"class":93},[28,5769,5770],{"class":97}," 7",[28,5772,2759],{"class":93},[28,5774,1991],{"class":38},[28,5776,1825],{"class":97},[28,5778,2759],{"class":93},[28,5780,5781],{"class":97}," 10",[28,5783,3401],{"class":93},[28,5785,5786],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5787,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,5789,5790,5792,5794,5797,5799,5801,5803,5805,5807,5809,5811,5813],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,5791,1999],{"class":34},[28,5793,39],{"class":38},[28,5795,5796],{"class":114}," any",[28,5798,94],{"class":93},[28,5800,2795],{"class":120},[28,5802,346],{"class":38},[28,5804,3602],{"class":97},[28,5806,3645],{"class":3644},[28,5808,3648],{"class":120},[28,5810,3651],{"class":3644},[28,5812,4034],{"class":120},[28,5814,101],{"class":93},[28,5816,5817,5819,5821,5823],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,5818,115],{"class":114},[28,5820,94],{"class":93},[28,5822,2033],{"class":120},[28,5824,101],{"class":93},[14,5826,336],{},[18,5828,5829],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,5830,5831],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5832,5833],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5834,3749],{"class":776},[14,5836,5837,5838,5841],{},"This works because ",[25,5839,5840],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[177,5843,5844,5852,5859],{},[180,5845,5846,5849,5850],{},[25,5847,5848],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[25,5851,3441],{},[180,5853,5854,5849,5857],{},[25,5855,5856],{},"7 \u003C 0",[25,5858,3441],{},[180,5860,5861,5849,5864],{},[25,5862,5863],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[25,5865,777],{},[14,5867,5868,5869,5871,5872,5874,5875,385],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[25,5870,777],{}," result, ",[25,5873,4958],{}," can return ",[25,5876,777],{},[14,5878,5879],{},"Here is another example:",[18,5881,5883],{"className":20,"code":5882,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[25,5884,5885,5914,5918,5948],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5886,5887,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5904,5906,5908,5910,5912],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5888,3840],{"class":34},[28,5890,39],{"class":38},[28,5892,3388],{"class":93},[28,5894,234],{"class":42},[28,5896,3849],{"class":46},[28,5898,234],{"class":42},[28,5900,2759],{"class":93},[28,5902,5903],{"class":42}," \"\"",[28,5905,2759],{"class":93},[28,5907,43],{"class":42},[28,5909,3858],{"class":46},[28,5911,234],{"class":42},[28,5913,3401],{"class":93},[28,5915,5916],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,5917,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,5919,5920,5923,5925,5927,5929,5932,5934,5936,5938,5941,5943,5946],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,5921,5922],{"class":34},"has_empty_string ",[28,5924,39],{"class":38},[28,5926,5796],{"class":114},[28,5928,94],{"class":93},[28,5930,5931],{"class":120},"word ",[28,5933,4460],{"class":38},[28,5935,5903],{"class":42},[28,5937,3645],{"class":3644},[28,5939,5940],{"class":120}," word ",[28,5942,3651],{"class":3644},[28,5944,5945],{"class":120}," words",[28,5947,101],{"class":93},[28,5949,5950,5952,5954,5957],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,5951,115],{"class":114},[28,5953,94],{"class":93},[28,5955,5956],{"class":120},"has_empty_string",[28,5958,101],{"class":93},[14,5960,336],{},[18,5962,5963],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,5964,5965],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5966,5967],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5968,3749],{"class":776},[14,5970,5971,5972,385],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[381,5973,5975],{"href":5974},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[172,5977,5979],{"id":5978},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,5981,5982,5983,271],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[25,5984,3441],{},[18,5986,5988],{"className":20,"code":5987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([]))\n",[25,5989,5990],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,5991,5992,5994,5996,5998],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,5993,115],{"class":114},[28,5995,94],{"class":93},[28,5997,5128],{"class":114},[28,5999,4199],{"class":93},[14,6001,336],{},[18,6003,6004],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,6005,6006],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6007,6008],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6009,3810],{"class":776},[14,6011,6012],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6014,6015,6016,6018],{},"The reason is simple: ",[25,6017,4958],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6020,6021],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[18,6023,6025],{"className":20,"code":6024,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[25,6026,6027,6037,6051],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6028,6029,6031,6033,6035],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6030,115],{"class":114},[28,6032,94],{"class":93},[28,6034,5128],{"class":114},[28,6036,4257],{"class":93},[28,6038,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6040,115],{"class":114},[28,6042,94],{"class":93},[28,6044,5128],{"class":114},[28,6046,94],{"class":93},[28,6048,473],{"class":42},[28,6050,318],{"class":93},[28,6052,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6064],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,6054,115],{"class":114},[28,6056,94],{"class":93},[28,6058,5128],{"class":114},[28,6060,94],{"class":93},[28,6062,6063],{"class":89},"set",[28,6065,6066],{"class":93},"()))\n",[14,6068,336],{},[18,6070,6072],{"className":20,"code":6071,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[25,6073,6074,6078,6082],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6075,6076],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6077,3810],{"class":776},[28,6079,6080],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6081,3810],{"class":776},[28,6083,6084],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,6085,3810],{"class":776},[172,6087,6089],{"id":6088},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6091,1631,6092,6094],{},[25,6093,4958],{}," when you want to:",[177,6096,6097,6100,6103],{},[180,6098,6099],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[180,6101,6102],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[180,6104,6105],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6107,6108],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[18,6110,6112],{"className":20,"code":6111,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[25,6113,6114,6139,6143,6153,6157,6171,6190,6200,6205,6209],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6115,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6137],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6117,3383],{"class":34},[28,6119,39],{"class":38},[28,6121,3388],{"class":93},[28,6123,2756],{"class":97},[28,6125,2759],{"class":93},[28,6127,2221],{"class":97},[28,6129,2759],{"class":93},[28,6131,4376],{"class":97},[28,6133,2759],{"class":93},[28,6135,6136],{"class":97}," 8",[28,6138,3401],{"class":93},[28,6140,6141],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6142,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,6144,6145,6148,6150],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,6146,6147],{"class":34},"found_even ",[28,6149,39],{"class":38},[28,6151,6152],{"class":776}," False\n",[28,6154,6155],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,6156,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,6158,6159,6161,6164,6166,6168],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,6160,5734],{"class":3644},[28,6162,6163],{"class":34}," number ",[28,6165,3651],{"class":3644},[28,6167,4034],{"class":34},[28,6169,6170],{"class":93},":\n",[28,6172,6173,6176,6178,6181,6183,6186,6188],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,6174,6175],{"class":3644},"    if",[28,6177,6163],{"class":34},[28,6179,6180],{"class":38},"%",[28,6182,2762],{"class":97},[28,6184,6185],{"class":38}," ==",[28,6187,3602],{"class":97},[28,6189,6170],{"class":93},[28,6191,6192,6195,6197],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,6193,6194],{"class":34},"        found_even ",[28,6196,39],{"class":38},[28,6198,6199],{"class":776}," True\n",[28,6201,6202],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,6203,6204],{"class":3644},"        break\n",[28,6206,6207],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,6208,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,6210,6212,6214,6216,6219],{"class":30,"line":6211},10,[28,6213,115],{"class":114},[28,6215,94],{"class":93},[28,6217,6218],{"class":120},"found_even",[28,6220,101],{"class":93},[14,6222,6223],{},"You can write:",[18,6225,6227],{"className":20,"code":6226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[25,6228,6229,6253],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6230,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6232,3383],{"class":34},[28,6234,39],{"class":38},[28,6236,3388],{"class":93},[28,6238,2756],{"class":97},[28,6240,2759],{"class":93},[28,6242,2221],{"class":97},[28,6244,2759],{"class":93},[28,6246,4376],{"class":97},[28,6248,2759],{"class":93},[28,6250,6136],{"class":97},[28,6252,3401],{"class":93},[28,6254,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6256,115],{"class":114},[28,6258,94],{"class":93},[28,6260,5128],{"class":114},[28,6262,94],{"class":93},[28,6264,293],{"class":120},[28,6266,6180],{"class":38},[28,6268,2762],{"class":97},[28,6270,6185],{"class":38},[28,6272,3602],{"class":97},[28,6274,3645],{"class":3644},[28,6276,6163],{"class":120},[28,6278,3651],{"class":3644},[28,6280,4034],{"class":120},[28,6282,318],{"class":93},[14,6284,6285,6286,6288],{},"Both work, but ",[25,6287,4958],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[172,6290,4290],{"id":4289},[14,6292,6293,6294,385],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[25,6295,4958],{},[1109,6297,6299],{"id":6298},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6301,4297],{},[18,6303,6305],{"className":20,"code":6304,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any(5))\n",[25,6306,6307],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6308,6309,6311,6313,6315,6317,6319],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6310,115],{"class":114},[28,6312,94],{"class":93},[28,6314,5128],{"class":114},[28,6316,94],{"class":93},[28,6318,1905],{"class":97},[28,6320,318],{"class":93},[14,6322,6323,6324,6326],{},"It causes an error because ",[25,6325,1905],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6328,6329],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[18,6331,6333],{"className":20,"code":6332,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([5]))\n",[25,6334,6335],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6336,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345,6347],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6338,115],{"class":114},[28,6340,94],{"class":93},[28,6342,5128],{"class":114},[28,6344,2753],{"class":93},[28,6346,1905],{"class":97},[28,6348,2769],{"class":93},[1109,6350,6352],{"id":6351},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6354,6355,6357,6358,6361],{},[25,6356,4958],{}," needs only ",[163,6359,6360],{},"one"," truthy item.",[18,6363,6365],{"className":20,"code":6364,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[25,6366,6367],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6368,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6370,115],{"class":114},[28,6372,94],{"class":93},[28,6374,5128],{"class":114},[28,6376,2753],{"class":93},[28,6378,3441],{"class":776},[28,6380,2759],{"class":93},[28,6382,3676],{"class":776},[28,6384,2759],{"class":93},[28,6386,3685],{"class":776},[28,6388,2769],{"class":93},[14,6390,336],{},[18,6392,6393],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,6394,6395],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6396,6397],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6398,3749],{"class":776},[14,6400,6401,6402,6406],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[381,6403,6404],{"href":5200},[25,6405,3343],{}," instead.",[1109,6408,6410],{"id":6409},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6412,6413,6414,385],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[25,6415,6416],{},"\"True\"",[18,6418,6420],{"className":20,"code":6419,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[25,6421,6422],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6423,6424,6426,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6425,115],{"class":114},[28,6427,94],{"class":93},[28,6429,5128],{"class":114},[28,6431,2753],{"class":93},[28,6433,234],{"class":42},[28,6435,3441],{"class":46},[28,6437,234],{"class":42},[28,6439,2769],{"class":93},[14,6441,336],{},[18,6443,6444],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,6445,6446],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6447,6448],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6449,3749],{"class":776},[14,6451,6452,6453,6456],{},"That is because ",[25,6454,6455],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1109,6458,6460],{"id":6459},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6462,6463],{},"This works:",[18,6465,6467],{"className":20,"code":6466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[25,6468,6469,6489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6470,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483,6485,6487],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6472,3383],{"class":34},[28,6474,39],{"class":38},[28,6476,3388],{"class":93},[28,6478,2756],{"class":97},[28,6480,2759],{"class":93},[28,6482,2762],{"class":97},[28,6484,2759],{"class":93},[28,6486,2221],{"class":97},[28,6488,3401],{"class":93},[28,6490,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6492,115],{"class":114},[28,6494,94],{"class":93},[28,6496,5128],{"class":114},[28,6498,2753],{"class":93},[28,6500,2795],{"class":120},[28,6502,4023],{"class":38},[28,6504,2762],{"class":97},[28,6506,3645],{"class":3644},[28,6508,3648],{"class":120},[28,6510,3651],{"class":3644},[28,6512,4034],{"class":120},[28,6514,2769],{"class":93},[14,6516,6517],{},"But this is usually better:",[18,6519,6521],{"className":20,"code":6520,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[25,6522,6523,6543],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6524,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537,6539,6541],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6526,3383],{"class":34},[28,6528,39],{"class":38},[28,6530,3388],{"class":93},[28,6532,2756],{"class":97},[28,6534,2759],{"class":93},[28,6536,2762],{"class":97},[28,6538,2759],{"class":93},[28,6540,2221],{"class":97},[28,6542,3401],{"class":93},[28,6544,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6546,115],{"class":114},[28,6548,94],{"class":93},[28,6550,5128],{"class":114},[28,6552,94],{"class":93},[28,6554,2795],{"class":120},[28,6556,4023],{"class":38},[28,6558,2762],{"class":97},[28,6560,3645],{"class":3644},[28,6562,3648],{"class":120},[28,6564,3651],{"class":3644},[28,6566,4034],{"class":120},[28,6568,318],{"class":93},[14,6570,6571],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[172,6573,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,6575,6577],{"id":6576},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6579,4921,6580,6582,6583,385],{},[25,6581,777],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[25,6584,3441],{},[1109,6586,6588],{"id":6587},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6590,6591,2166,6593,6595],{},[25,6592,4958],{},[25,6594,3441],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1109,6597,6599],{"id":6598},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6601,6602,6604,6605,6607],{},[25,6603,4958],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[25,6606,3343],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1109,6609,6611],{"id":6610},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6613,6614],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[18,6616,6617],{"className":20,"code":5720,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,6618,6619],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6620,6621,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6633,6635],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6622,5128],{"class":114},[28,6624,94],{"class":93},[28,6626,5731],{"class":120},[28,6628,5734],{"class":3644},[28,6630,5737],{"class":120},[28,6632,3651],{"class":3644},[28,6634,5742],{"class":120},[28,6636,101],{"class":93},[14,6638,5247],{},[18,6640,6641],{"className":20,"code":6520,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,6642,6643,6663],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6644,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6646,3383],{"class":34},[28,6648,39],{"class":38},[28,6650,3388],{"class":93},[28,6652,2756],{"class":97},[28,6654,2759],{"class":93},[28,6656,2762],{"class":97},[28,6658,2759],{"class":93},[28,6660,2221],{"class":97},[28,6662,3401],{"class":93},[28,6664,6665,6667,6669,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6666,115],{"class":114},[28,6668,94],{"class":93},[28,6670,5128],{"class":114},[28,6672,94],{"class":93},[28,6674,2795],{"class":120},[28,6676,4023],{"class":38},[28,6678,2762],{"class":97},[28,6680,3645],{"class":3644},[28,6682,3648],{"class":120},[28,6684,3651],{"class":3644},[28,6686,4034],{"class":120},[28,6688,318],{"class":93},[172,6690,1662],{"id":1661},[177,6692,6693,6699,6703,6707,6712],{},[180,6694,6695],{},[381,6696,6697,861],{"href":5200},[25,6698,3343],{},[180,6700,6701],{},[381,6702,3575],{"href":5553},[180,6704,6705],{},[381,6706,4990],{"href":5362},[180,6708,6709],{},[381,6710,6711],{"href":5974},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[180,6713,6714],{},[381,6715,6716,861],{"href":5556},[25,6717,3581],{},[1699,6719,6720],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":6722},[6723,6724,6725,6726,6727,6728,6729,6730,6736,6742],{"id":5150,"depth":53,"text":5151},{"id":5205,"depth":53,"text":5206},{"id":3497,"depth":53,"text":3498},{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":5705,"depth":53,"text":5706},{"id":5978,"depth":53,"text":5979},{"id":6088,"depth":53,"text":6089},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":6731},[6732,6733,6734,6735],{"id":6298,"depth":70,"text":6299},{"id":6351,"depth":70,"text":6352},{"id":6409,"depth":70,"text":6410},{"id":6459,"depth":70,"text":6460},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":6737},[6738,6739,6740,6741],{"id":6576,"depth":70,"text":6577},{"id":6587,"depth":70,"text":6588},{"id":6598,"depth":70,"text":6599},{"id":6610,"depth":70,"text":6611},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5053,"description":6743},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6749,"title":6750,"body":6751,"description":8882,"extension":1730,"meta":8883,"navigation":107,"path":8884,"seo":8885,"stem":8886,"__hash__":8887},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6752,"toc":8845},[6753,6756,6765,6775,6777,6874,6876,6905,6921,6925,6930,6933,6943,6949,6955,6971,6973,6981,6988,6992,6995,7010,7015,7033,7038,7040,7087,7089,7106,7110,7116,7119,7154,7156,7262,7264,7301,7305,7313,7315,7335,7337,7457,7459,7488,7491,7514,7516,7524,7532,7536,7542,7546,7589,7591,7599,7602,7630,7632,7640,7644,7671,7673,7681,7713,7715,7723,7727,7778,7780,7788,7796,7800,7803,7856,7858,7879,7886,7890,7896,7899,7907,7929,7931,7939,7947,7970,7972,7980,7985,7990,8002,8004,8045,8056,8060,8069,8072,8075,8134,8137,8189,8192,8198,8214,8220,8222,8227,8236,8239,8261,8263,8271,8276,8279,8314,8316,8324,8328,8333,8371,8382,8385,8440,8448,8452,8455,8477,8486,8489,8530,8532,8555,8561,8567,8582,8584,8604,8607,8626,8628,8647,8651,8657,8736,8739,8753,8760,8762,8766,8773,8777,8781,8785,8790,8794,8799,8803,8810,8812,8842],[10,6754,6750],{"id":6755},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6757,679,6758,6760,6761,474,6763,385],{},[25,6759,3581],{}," function converts a value to either ",[25,6762,777],{},[25,6764,3441],{},[14,6766,6767,6768,6770,6771,6774],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[25,6769,3581],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[25,6772,6773],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[172,6776,3373],{"id":3372},[18,6778,6780],{"className":20,"code":6779,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[25,6781,6782,6796,6810,6824,6842,6852],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6783,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6785,115],{"class":114},[28,6787,94],{"class":93},[28,6789,3635],{"class":89},[28,6791,94],{"class":93},[28,6793,1888],{"class":97},[28,6795,318],{"class":93},[28,6797,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6799,115],{"class":114},[28,6801,94],{"class":93},[28,6803,3635],{"class":89},[28,6805,94],{"class":93},[28,6807,2756],{"class":97},[28,6809,318],{"class":93},[28,6811,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,6813,115],{"class":114},[28,6815,94],{"class":93},[28,6817,3635],{"class":89},[28,6819,94],{"class":93},[28,6821,473],{"class":42},[28,6823,318],{"class":93},[28,6825,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,6827,115],{"class":114},[28,6829,94],{"class":93},[28,6831,3635],{"class":89},[28,6833,94],{"class":93},[28,6835,234],{"class":42},[28,6837,238],{"class":46},[28,6839,234],{"class":42},[28,6841,318],{"class":93},[28,6843,6844,6846,6848,6850],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,6845,115],{"class":114},[28,6847,94],{"class":93},[28,6849,3635],{"class":89},[28,6851,4199],{"class":93},[28,6853,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870,6872],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,6855,115],{"class":114},[28,6857,94],{"class":93},[28,6859,3635],{"class":89},[28,6861,2753],{"class":93},[28,6863,2756],{"class":97},[28,6865,2759],{"class":93},[28,6867,2762],{"class":97},[28,6869,2759],{"class":93},[28,6871,2221],{"class":97},[28,6873,2769],{"class":93},[14,6875,5335],{},[18,6877,6879],{"className":20,"code":6878,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[25,6880,6881,6885,6889,6893,6897,6901],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6882,6883],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6884,3810],{"class":776},[28,6886,6887],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,6888,3749],{"class":776},[28,6890,6891],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,6892,3810],{"class":776},[28,6894,6895],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,6896,3749],{"class":776},[28,6898,6899],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,6900,3810],{"class":776},[28,6902,6903],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,6904,3749],{"class":776},[14,6906,1631,6907,6910,6911,474,6913,6915,6916,6918,6919,385],{},[25,6908,6909],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[25,6912,777],{},[25,6914,3441],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[25,6917,3441],{},". Most other values become ",[25,6920,777],{},[172,6922,6924],{"id":6923},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,6926,6927,6929],{},[25,6928,3581],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,6931,6932],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[177,6934,6935,6939],{},[180,6936,6937],{},[25,6938,777],{},[180,6940,6941],{},[25,6942,3441],{},[14,6944,6945,6946,6948],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[25,6947,6773],{}," statements.",[14,6950,6951,6952,6954],{},"You can also call ",[25,6953,3581],{}," with no argument:",[18,6956,6958],{"className":20,"code":6957,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool())\n",[25,6959,6960],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6961,6962,6964,6966,6968],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6963,115],{"class":114},[28,6965,94],{"class":93},[28,6967,3635],{"class":89},[28,6969,6970],{"class":93},"())\n",[14,6972,336],{},[18,6974,6975],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,6976,6977],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,6978,6979],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,6980,3810],{"class":776},[14,6982,6983,6984,385],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[381,6985,6987],{"href":6986},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[172,6989,6991],{"id":6990},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,6993,6994],{},"The basic syntax is:",[18,6996,6998],{"className":20,"code":6997,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"bool(value)\n",[25,6999,7000],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7001,7002,7004,7006,7008],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7003,3635],{"class":89},[28,7005,94],{"class":93},[28,7007,2242],{"class":120},[28,7009,101],{"class":93},[14,7011,679,7012,7014],{},[25,7013,2242],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[177,7016,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7028,7030],{},[180,7018,3415],{},[180,7020,5083],{},[180,7022,5074],{},[180,7024,5077],{},[180,7026,7027],{},"dictionaries",[180,7029,5080],{},[180,7031,7032],{},"other objects",[14,7034,7035,7036,385],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[25,7037,3441],{},[14,7039,924],{},[18,7041,7043],{"className":20,"code":7042,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[25,7044,7045,7059,7077],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7046,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7048,115],{"class":114},[28,7050,94],{"class":93},[28,7052,3635],{"class":89},[28,7054,94],{"class":93},[28,7056,2099],{"class":97},[28,7058,318],{"class":93},[28,7060,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7062,115],{"class":114},[28,7064,94],{"class":93},[28,7066,3635],{"class":89},[28,7068,94],{"class":93},[28,7070,234],{"class":42},[28,7072,892],{"class":46},[28,7074,234],{"class":42},[28,7076,318],{"class":93},[28,7078,7079,7081,7083,7085],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7080,115],{"class":114},[28,7082,94],{"class":93},[28,7084,3635],{"class":89},[28,7086,6970],{"class":93},[14,7088,336],{},[18,7090,7092],{"className":20,"code":7091,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[25,7093,7094,7098,7102],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7095,7096],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7097,3749],{"class":776},[28,7099,7100],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7101,3749],{"class":776},[28,7103,7104],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7105,3810],{"class":776},[172,7107,7109],{"id":7108},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7111,7112,7113,7115],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[163,7114,5372],{}," values.",[14,7117,7118],{},"Common examples:",[177,7120,7121,7125,7129,7133,7137,7142,7146,7150],{},[180,7122,7123],{},[25,7124,1888],{},[180,7126,7127],{},[25,7128,3537],{},[180,7130,7131],{},[25,7132,473],{},[180,7134,7135],{},[25,7136,3555],{},[180,7138,7139],{},[25,7140,7141],{},"()",[180,7143,7144],{},[25,7145,3560],{},[180,7147,7148],{},[25,7149,3565],{},[180,7151,7152],{},[25,7153,3546],{},[14,7155,924],{},[18,7157,7159],{"className":20,"code":7158,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[25,7160,7161,7175,7189,7203,7213,7223,7234,7248],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7162,7163,7165,7167,7169,7171,7173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7164,115],{"class":114},[28,7166,94],{"class":93},[28,7168,3635],{"class":89},[28,7170,94],{"class":93},[28,7172,1888],{"class":97},[28,7174,318],{"class":93},[28,7176,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7178,115],{"class":114},[28,7180,94],{"class":93},[28,7182,3635],{"class":89},[28,7184,94],{"class":93},[28,7186,3537],{"class":97},[28,7188,318],{"class":93},[28,7190,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7192,115],{"class":114},[28,7194,94],{"class":93},[28,7196,3635],{"class":89},[28,7198,94],{"class":93},[28,7200,473],{"class":42},[28,7202,318],{"class":93},[28,7204,7205,7207,7209,7211],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,7206,115],{"class":114},[28,7208,94],{"class":93},[28,7210,3635],{"class":89},[28,7212,4199],{"class":93},[28,7214,7215,7217,7219,7221],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,7216,115],{"class":114},[28,7218,94],{"class":93},[28,7220,3635],{"class":89},[28,7222,4257],{"class":93},[28,7224,7225,7227,7229,7231],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,7226,115],{"class":114},[28,7228,94],{"class":93},[28,7230,3635],{"class":89},[28,7232,7233],{"class":93},"({}))\n",[28,7235,7236,7238,7240,7242,7244,7246],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,7237,115],{"class":114},[28,7239,94],{"class":93},[28,7241,3635],{"class":89},[28,7243,94],{"class":93},[28,7245,6063],{"class":89},[28,7247,6066],{"class":93},[28,7249,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,7251,115],{"class":114},[28,7253,94],{"class":93},[28,7255,3635],{"class":89},[28,7257,94],{"class":93},[28,7259,3546],{"class":776},[28,7261,318],{"class":93},[14,7263,336],{},[18,7265,7267],{"className":20,"code":7266,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[25,7268,7269,7273,7277,7281,7285,7289,7293,7297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7270,7271],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7272,3810],{"class":776},[28,7274,7275],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7276,3810],{"class":776},[28,7278,7279],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7280,3810],{"class":776},[28,7282,7283],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,7284,3810],{"class":776},[28,7286,7287],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,7288,3810],{"class":776},[28,7290,7291],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,7292,3810],{"class":776},[28,7294,7295],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,7296,3810],{"class":776},[28,7298,7299],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,7300,3810],{"class":776},[172,7302,7304],{"id":7303},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7306,7307,7308,7310,7311,7115],{},"Many values become ",[25,7309,777],{},". These are often called ",[163,7312,5369],{},[14,7314,7118],{},[177,7316,7317,7320,7323,7326,7329,7332],{},[180,7318,7319],{},"non-zero numbers",[180,7321,7322],{},"non-empty strings",[180,7324,7325],{},"non-empty lists",[180,7327,7328],{},"non-empty tuples",[180,7330,7331],{},"non-empty sets",[180,7333,7334],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7336,924],{},[18,7338,7340],{"className":20,"code":7339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[25,7341,7342,7356,7372,7390,7412,7430],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7343,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7345,115],{"class":114},[28,7347,94],{"class":93},[28,7349,3635],{"class":89},[28,7351,94],{"class":93},[28,7353,1905],{"class":97},[28,7355,318],{"class":93},[28,7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7368,7370],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7359,115],{"class":114},[28,7361,94],{"class":93},[28,7363,3635],{"class":89},[28,7365,94],{"class":93},[28,7367,1790],{"class":38},[28,7369,1825],{"class":97},[28,7371,318],{"class":93},[28,7373,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7375,115],{"class":114},[28,7377,94],{"class":93},[28,7379,3635],{"class":89},[28,7381,94],{"class":93},[28,7383,234],{"class":42},[28,7385,238],{"class":46},[28,7387,234],{"class":42},[28,7389,318],{"class":93},[28,7391,7392,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,7393,115],{"class":114},[28,7395,94],{"class":93},[28,7397,3635],{"class":89},[28,7399,2753],{"class":93},[28,7401,2756],{"class":97},[28,7403,2759],{"class":93},[28,7405,2762],{"class":97},[28,7407,2759],{"class":93},[28,7409,2221],{"class":97},[28,7411,2769],{"class":93},[28,7413,7414,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7428],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,7415,115],{"class":114},[28,7417,94],{"class":93},[28,7419,3635],{"class":89},[28,7421,5286],{"class":93},[28,7423,2756],{"class":97},[28,7425,2759],{"class":93},[28,7427,2762],{"class":97},[28,7429,2679],{"class":93},[28,7431,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7453,7455],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,7433,115],{"class":114},[28,7435,94],{"class":93},[28,7437,3635],{"class":89},[28,7439,5305],{"class":93},[28,7441,234],{"class":42},[28,7443,121],{"class":46},[28,7445,234],{"class":42},[28,7447,271],{"class":93},[28,7449,43],{"class":42},[28,7451,7452],{"class":46},"Sam",[28,7454,234],{"class":42},[28,7456,5314],{"class":93},[14,7458,336],{},[18,7460,7462],{"className":20,"code":7461,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[25,7463,7464,7468,7472,7476,7480,7484],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7465,7466],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7467,3749],{"class":776},[28,7469,7470],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7471,3749],{"class":776},[28,7473,7474],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7475,3749],{"class":776},[28,7477,7478],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,7479,3749],{"class":776},[28,7481,7482],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,7483,3749],{"class":776},[28,7485,7486],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,7487,3749],{"class":776},[14,7489,7490],{},"One important example is this:",[18,7492,7494],{"className":20,"code":7493,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[25,7495,7496],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7497,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508,7510,7512],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7499,115],{"class":114},[28,7501,94],{"class":93},[28,7503,3635],{"class":89},[28,7505,94],{"class":93},[28,7507,234],{"class":42},[28,7509,3441],{"class":46},[28,7511,234],{"class":42},[28,7513,318],{"class":93},[14,7515,336],{},[18,7517,7518],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7519,7520],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7521,7522],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7523,3749],{"class":776},[14,7525,7526,7527,7529,7530,385],{},"Even though the text says ",[25,7528,6455],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[25,7531,777],{},[172,7533,7535],{"id":7534},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7537,7538,7539,7541],{},"You can use ",[25,7540,3581],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1109,7543,7545],{"id":7544},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[18,7547,7549],{"className":20,"code":7548,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[25,7550,7551,7574],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7552,7553,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564,7567,7569,7572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7554,7555],{"class":34},"items ",[28,7557,39],{"class":38},[28,7559,3388],{"class":93},[28,7561,2099],{"class":97},[28,7563,2759],{"class":93},[28,7565,7566],{"class":97}," 20",[28,7568,2759],{"class":93},[28,7570,7571],{"class":97}," 30",[28,7573,3401],{"class":93},[28,7575,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584,7587],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7577,115],{"class":114},[28,7579,94],{"class":93},[28,7581,3635],{"class":89},[28,7583,94],{"class":93},[28,7585,7586],{"class":120},"items",[28,7588,318],{"class":93},[14,7590,336],{},[18,7592,7593],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7594,7595],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7596,7597],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7598,3749],{"class":776},[14,7600,7601],{},"With an empty list:",[18,7603,7605],{"className":20,"code":7604,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[25,7606,7607,7616],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7608,7609,7611,7613],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7610,7555],{"class":34},[28,7612,39],{"class":38},[28,7614,7615],{"class":93}," []\n",[28,7617,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7619,115],{"class":114},[28,7621,94],{"class":93},[28,7623,3635],{"class":89},[28,7625,94],{"class":93},[28,7627,7586],{"class":120},[28,7629,318],{"class":93},[14,7631,336],{},[18,7633,7634],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7635,7636],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7637,7638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7639,3810],{"class":776},[1109,7641,7643],{"id":7642},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[18,7645,7647],{"className":20,"code":7646,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[25,7648,7649,7657],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7650,7651,7653,7655],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7652,35],{"class":34},[28,7654,39],{"class":38},[28,7656,78],{"class":42},[28,7658,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7669],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7660,115],{"class":114},[28,7662,94],{"class":93},[28,7664,3635],{"class":89},[28,7666,94],{"class":93},[28,7668,121],{"class":120},[28,7670,318],{"class":93},[14,7672,336],{},[18,7674,7675],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7676,7677],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7678,7679],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7680,3810],{"class":776},[18,7682,7684],{"className":20,"code":7683,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[25,7685,7686,7699],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7687,7688,7690,7692,7694,7697],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7689,35],{"class":34},[28,7691,39],{"class":38},[28,7693,43],{"class":42},[28,7695,7696],{"class":46},"Mia",[28,7698,50],{"class":42},[28,7700,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709,7711],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7702,115],{"class":114},[28,7704,94],{"class":93},[28,7706,3635],{"class":89},[28,7708,94],{"class":93},[28,7710,121],{"class":120},[28,7712,318],{"class":93},[14,7714,336],{},[18,7716,7717],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7718,7719],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7720,7721],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7722,3749],{"class":776},[1109,7724,7726],{"id":7725},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[18,7728,7730],{"className":20,"code":7729,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[25,7731,7732,7746,7763,7767],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7733,7734,7737,7739,7741,7744],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7735,7736],{"class":34},"username ",[28,7738,39],{"class":38},[28,7740,43],{"class":42},[28,7742,7743],{"class":46},"alex",[28,7745,50],{"class":42},[28,7747,7748,7751,7753,7756,7758,7761],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7749,7750],{"class":34},"has_name ",[28,7752,39],{"class":38},[28,7754,7755],{"class":89}," bool",[28,7757,94],{"class":93},[28,7759,7760],{"class":120},"username",[28,7762,101],{"class":93},[28,7764,7765],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7766,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,7768,7769,7771,7773,7776],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,7770,115],{"class":114},[28,7772,94],{"class":93},[28,7774,7775],{"class":120},"has_name",[28,7777,101],{"class":93},[14,7779,336],{},[18,7781,7782],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7783,7784],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7785,7786],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7787,3749],{"class":776},[14,7789,7790,7791,474,7793,7795],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[25,7792,777],{},[25,7794,3441],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1109,7797,7799],{"id":7798},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7801,7802],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[18,7804,7806],{"className":20,"code":7805,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[25,7807,7808,7828,7832,7840],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7809,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7811,3383],{"class":34},[28,7813,39],{"class":38},[28,7815,3388],{"class":93},[28,7817,2756],{"class":97},[28,7819,2759],{"class":93},[28,7821,2762],{"class":97},[28,7823,2759],{"class":93},[28,7825,2221],{"class":97},[28,7827,3401],{"class":93},[28,7829,7830],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,7831,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,7833,7834,7836,7838],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,7835,6773],{"class":3644},[28,7837,4034],{"class":34},[28,7839,6170],{"class":93},[28,7841,7842,7845,7847,7849,7852,7854],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,7843,7844],{"class":114},"    print",[28,7846,94],{"class":93},[28,7848,234],{"class":42},[28,7850,7851],{"class":46},"The list is not empty",[28,7853,234],{"class":42},[28,7855,101],{"class":93},[14,7857,336],{},[18,7859,7861],{"className":20,"code":7860,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"The list is not empty\n",[25,7862,7863],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7864,7865,7867,7870,7873,7876],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7866,679],{"class":34},[28,7868,7869],{"class":89},"list",[28,7871,7872],{"class":38}," is",[28,7874,7875],{"class":38}," not",[28,7877,7878],{"class":34}," empty\n",[14,7880,7881,7882,385],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[381,7883,7885],{"href":7884},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[172,7887,7889],{"id":7888},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7891,7892,7893,7895],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[25,7894,3581],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7897,7898],{},"It does not do that.",[1109,7900,7902,2166,7905],{"id":7901},"boolfalse-returns-true",[25,7903,7904],{},"bool(\"False\")",[25,7906,777],{},[18,7908,7909],{"className":20,"code":7493,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7910,7911],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7912,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7914,115],{"class":114},[28,7916,94],{"class":93},[28,7918,3635],{"class":89},[28,7920,94],{"class":93},[28,7922,234],{"class":42},[28,7924,3441],{"class":46},[28,7926,234],{"class":42},[28,7928,318],{"class":93},[14,7930,336],{},[18,7932,7933],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7934,7935],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7936,7937],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7938,3749],{"class":776},[1109,7940,7942,2166,7945],{"id":7941},"bool0-returns-true",[25,7943,7944],{},"bool(\"0\")",[25,7946,777],{},[18,7948,7950],{"className":20,"code":7949,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[25,7951,7952],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7953,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962,7964,7966,7968],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7955,115],{"class":114},[28,7957,94],{"class":93},[28,7959,3635],{"class":89},[28,7961,94],{"class":93},[28,7963,234],{"class":42},[28,7965,1888],{"class":46},[28,7967,234],{"class":42},[28,7969,318],{"class":93},[14,7971,336],{},[18,7973,7974],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,7975,7976],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,7977,7978],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,7979,3749],{"class":776},[14,7981,7982,7983,385],{},"This happens because both values are ",[163,7984,7322],{},[14,7986,7987,7989],{},[25,7988,3581],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,7991,7992,7993,7998,7999,8001],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[381,7994,7996],{"href":7995},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[25,7997,2725],{},", because ",[25,8000,2725],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8003,924],{},[18,8005,8007],{"className":20,"code":8006,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[25,8008,8009,8030],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8010,8011,8014,8016,8019,8021,8023,8026,8028],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8012,8013],{"class":34},"user_value ",[28,8015,39],{"class":38},[28,8017,8018],{"class":114}," input",[28,8020,94],{"class":93},[28,8022,234],{"class":42},[28,8024,8025],{"class":46},"Enter True or False: ",[28,8027,234],{"class":42},[28,8029,101],{"class":93},[28,8031,8032,8034,8036,8038,8040,8043],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8033,115],{"class":114},[28,8035,94],{"class":93},[28,8037,3635],{"class":89},[28,8039,94],{"class":93},[28,8041,8042],{"class":120},"user_value",[28,8044,318],{"class":93},[14,8046,8047,8048,8050,8051,7998,8053,8055],{},"If the user types ",[25,8049,3441],{},", the result will still be ",[25,8052,777],{},[25,8054,6455],{}," is not empty.",[172,8057,8059],{"id":8058},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8061,8062,8063,8065,8066,8068],{},"In many ",[25,8064,6773],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[25,8067,3581],{}," yourself.",[14,8070,8071],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8073,8074],{},"Instead of this:",[18,8076,8078],{"className":20,"code":8077,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[25,8079,8080,8101,8105,8119],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8081,8082,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8083,8084],{"class":34},"my_list ",[28,8086,39],{"class":38},[28,8088,3388],{"class":93},[28,8090,2756],{"class":97},[28,8092,2759],{"class":93},[28,8094,2762],{"class":97},[28,8096,2759],{"class":93},[28,8098,2221],{"class":97},[28,8100,3401],{"class":93},[28,8102,8103],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8104,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,8106,8107,8109,8111,8113,8116],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,8108,6773],{"class":3644},[28,8110,7755],{"class":89},[28,8112,94],{"class":93},[28,8114,8115],{"class":120},"my_list",[28,8117,8118],{"class":93},"):\n",[28,8120,8121,8123,8125,8127,8130,8132],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,8122,7844],{"class":114},[28,8124,94],{"class":93},[28,8126,234],{"class":42},[28,8128,8129],{"class":46},"List has items",[28,8131,234],{"class":42},[28,8133,101],{"class":93},[14,8135,8136],{},"You can simply write:",[18,8138,8140],{"className":20,"code":8139,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[25,8141,8142,8162,8166,8175],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8143,8144,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158,8160],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8145,8084],{"class":34},[28,8147,39],{"class":38},[28,8149,3388],{"class":93},[28,8151,2756],{"class":97},[28,8153,2759],{"class":93},[28,8155,2762],{"class":97},[28,8157,2759],{"class":93},[28,8159,2221],{"class":97},[28,8161,3401],{"class":93},[28,8163,8164],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8165,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,8167,8168,8170,8173],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,8169,6773],{"class":3644},[28,8171,8172],{"class":34}," my_list",[28,8174,6170],{"class":93},[28,8176,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8187],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,8178,7844],{"class":114},[28,8180,94],{"class":93},[28,8182,234],{"class":42},[28,8184,8129],{"class":46},[28,8186,234],{"class":42},[28,8188,101],{"class":93},[14,8190,8191],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8193,8194,8195,8197],{},"Using ",[25,8196,3581],{}," is still helpful when:",[177,8199,8200,8203,8211],{},[180,8201,8202],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[180,8204,8205,8206,474,8208,8210],{},"you want to store a real ",[25,8207,777],{},[25,8209,3441],{}," value",[180,8212,8213],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8215,8216,8217,385],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[381,8218,8219],{"href":2068},"Python type() function explained",[172,8221,1104],{"id":1103},[14,8223,8224,8225,385],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[25,8226,3581],{},[1109,8228,8230,8231,8233,8234],{"id":8229},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[25,8232,7904],{}," to return ",[25,8235,3441],{},[14,8237,8238],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[18,8240,8241],{"className":20,"code":7493,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,8242,8243],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8244,8245,8247,8249,8251,8253,8255,8257,8259],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8246,115],{"class":114},[28,8248,94],{"class":93},[28,8250,3635],{"class":89},[28,8252,94],{"class":93},[28,8254,234],{"class":42},[28,8256,3441],{"class":46},[28,8258,234],{"class":42},[28,8260,318],{"class":93},[14,8262,336],{},[18,8264,8265],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,8266,8267],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8268,8269],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8270,3749],{"class":776},[14,8272,8273,8274,6456],{},"Why? Because ",[25,8275,6455],{},[14,8277,8278],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[18,8280,8282],{"className":20,"code":8281,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[25,8283,8284,8296],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8285,8286,8288,8290,8292,8294],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8287,2216],{"class":34},[28,8289,39],{"class":38},[28,8291,43],{"class":42},[28,8293,3441],{"class":46},[28,8295,50],{"class":42},[28,8297,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8299,115],{"class":114},[28,8301,94],{"class":93},[28,8303,2216],{"class":120},[28,8305,4460],{"class":38},[28,8307,43],{"class":42},[28,8309,777],{"class":46},[28,8311,234],{"class":42},[28,8313,101],{"class":93},[14,8315,336],{},[18,8317,8318],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,8319,8320],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8321,8322],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8323,3810],{"class":776},[1109,8325,8327],{"id":8326},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8329,8330,8332],{},[25,8331,2725],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[18,8334,8336],{"className":20,"code":8335,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[25,8337,8338,8357],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8339,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350,8353,8355],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8341,2216],{"class":34},[28,8343,39],{"class":38},[28,8345,8018],{"class":114},[28,8347,94],{"class":93},[28,8349,234],{"class":42},[28,8351,8352],{"class":46},"Enter yes or no: ",[28,8354,234],{"class":42},[28,8356,101],{"class":93},[28,8358,8359,8361,8363,8365,8367,8369],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8360,115],{"class":114},[28,8362,94],{"class":93},[28,8364,3635],{"class":89},[28,8366,94],{"class":93},[28,8368,2242],{"class":120},[28,8370,318],{"class":93},[14,8372,8047,8373,8376,8377,1136,8379,8055],{},[25,8374,8375],{},"no",", the result is still ",[25,8378,777],{},[25,8380,8381],{},"\"no\"",[14,8383,8384],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[18,8386,8388],{"className":20,"code":8387,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[25,8389,8390,8421],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8391,8392,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406,8409,8412,8415,8418],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8393,2216],{"class":34},[28,8395,39],{"class":38},[28,8397,8018],{"class":114},[28,8399,94],{"class":93},[28,8401,234],{"class":42},[28,8403,8352],{"class":46},[28,8405,234],{"class":42},[28,8407,8408],{"class":93},").",[28,8410,8411],{"class":120},"strip",[28,8413,8414],{"class":93},"().",[28,8416,8417],{"class":120},"lower",[28,8419,8420],{"class":93},"()\n",[28,8422,8423,8425,8427,8429,8431,8433,8436,8438],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8424,115],{"class":114},[28,8426,94],{"class":93},[28,8428,2216],{"class":120},[28,8430,4460],{"class":38},[28,8432,43],{"class":42},[28,8434,8435],{"class":46},"yes",[28,8437,234],{"class":42},[28,8439,101],{"class":93},[14,8441,8442,8443,8445,8446,385],{},"This gives ",[25,8444,777],{}," only when the user enters ",[25,8447,8435],{},[1109,8449,8451],{"id":8450},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8453,8454],{},"These are different:",[177,8456,8457,8461,8465,8469,8473],{},[180,8458,8459],{},[25,8460,3441],{},[180,8462,8463],{},[25,8464,1888],{},[180,8466,8467],{},[25,8468,473],{},[180,8470,8471],{},[25,8472,3555],{},[180,8474,8475],{},[25,8476,3546],{},[14,8478,8479,8480,8482,8483,8485],{},"They all become ",[25,8481,3441],{}," with ",[25,8484,3581],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8487,8488],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[18,8490,8492],{"className":20,"code":8491,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[25,8493,8494,8502,8516],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8495,8496,8498,8500],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8497,2216],{"class":34},[28,8499,39],{"class":38},[28,8501,7615],{"class":93},[28,8503,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8505,115],{"class":114},[28,8507,94],{"class":93},[28,8509,311],{"class":89},[28,8511,94],{"class":93},[28,8513,2242],{"class":120},[28,8515,318],{"class":93},[28,8517,8518,8520,8522,8524,8526,8528],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,8519,115],{"class":114},[28,8521,94],{"class":93},[28,8523,3635],{"class":89},[28,8525,94],{"class":93},[28,8527,2242],{"class":120},[28,8529,318],{"class":93},[14,8531,336],{},[18,8533,8535],{"className":20,"code":8534,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[25,8536,8537,8551],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8538,8539,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8540,346],{"class":38},[28,8542,350],{"class":349},[28,8544,61],{"class":42},[28,8546,7869],{"class":46},[28,8548,358],{"class":42},[28,8550,361],{"class":38},[28,8552,8553],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8554,3810],{"class":776},[1109,8556,8194,8558,8560],{"id":8557},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[25,8559,3560],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8562,8563,8564,8566],{},"In Python, ",[25,8565,3560],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[18,8568,8570],{"className":20,"code":8569,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type({}))\n",[25,8571,8572],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8573,8574,8576,8578,8580],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8575,115],{"class":114},[28,8577,94],{"class":93},[28,8579,311],{"class":89},[28,8581,7233],{"class":93},[14,8583,336],{},[18,8585,8587],{"className":20,"code":8586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[25,8588,8589],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8590,8591,8593,8595,8597,8600,8602],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8592,346],{"class":38},[28,8594,350],{"class":349},[28,8596,61],{"class":42},[28,8598,8599],{"class":46},"dict",[28,8601,358],{"class":42},[28,8603,361],{"class":38},[14,8605,8606],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[18,8608,8610],{"className":20,"code":8609,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(set()))\n",[25,8611,8612],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8613,8614,8616,8618,8620,8622,8624],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8615,115],{"class":114},[28,8617,94],{"class":93},[28,8619,311],{"class":89},[28,8621,94],{"class":93},[28,8623,6063],{"class":89},[28,8625,6066],{"class":93},[14,8627,336],{},[18,8629,8631],{"className":20,"code":8630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[25,8632,8633],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8634,8635,8637,8639,8641,8643,8645],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8636,346],{"class":38},[28,8638,350],{"class":349},[28,8640,61],{"class":42},[28,8642,6063],{"class":46},[28,8644,358],{"class":42},[28,8646,361],{"class":38},[172,8648,8650],{"id":8649},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8652,8653,8654,8656],{},"If ",[25,8655,3581],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[18,8658,8660],{"className":20,"code":8659,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[25,8661,8662,8676,8690,8700,8718],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8663,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672,8674],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8665,115],{"class":114},[28,8667,94],{"class":93},[28,8669,3635],{"class":89},[28,8671,94],{"class":93},[28,8673,2242],{"class":120},[28,8675,318],{"class":93},[28,8677,8678,8680,8682,8684,8686,8688],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8679,115],{"class":114},[28,8681,94],{"class":93},[28,8683,311],{"class":89},[28,8685,94],{"class":93},[28,8687,2242],{"class":120},[28,8689,318],{"class":93},[28,8691,8692,8694,8696,8698],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,8693,115],{"class":114},[28,8695,94],{"class":93},[28,8697,2242],{"class":120},[28,8699,101],{"class":93},[28,8701,8702,8704,8706,8708,8710,8712,8714,8716],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,8703,115],{"class":114},[28,8705,94],{"class":93},[28,8707,2216],{"class":120},[28,8709,4460],{"class":38},[28,8711,43],{"class":42},[28,8713,777],{"class":46},[28,8715,234],{"class":42},[28,8717,101],{"class":93},[28,8719,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,8721,115],{"class":114},[28,8723,94],{"class":93},[28,8725,2242],{"class":120},[28,8727,385],{"class":93},[28,8729,8411],{"class":120},[28,8731,8414],{"class":93},[28,8733,8417],{"class":120},[28,8735,6970],{"class":93},[14,8737,8738],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[177,8740,8741,8744,8747,8750],{},[180,8742,8743],{},"what the value really is",[180,8745,8746],{},"whether it is a string",[180,8748,8749],{},"whether it contains spaces",[180,8751,8752],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8754,8755,8756,385],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[381,8757,8759],{"href":8758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[172,8761,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,8763,8765],{"id":8764},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8767,8768,8769,474,8771,385],{},"It returns either ",[25,8770,777],{},[25,8772,3441],{},[1109,8774,8776],{"id":8775},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8778,4921,8779,385],{},[25,8780,3441],{},[1109,8782,8784],{"id":8783},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8786,8787,8788,385],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[25,8789,777],{},[1109,8791,8793],{"id":8792},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8795,8796,8797,385],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[25,8798,3441],{},[1109,8800,8802],{"id":8801},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8804,8805,8806,474,8808,3506],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[25,8807,777],{},[25,8809,3441],{},[172,8811,1662],{"id":1661},[177,8813,8814,8819,8823,8828,8832,8837],{},[180,8815,8816],{},[381,8817,8818],{"href":5553},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[180,8820,8821],{},[381,8822,7885],{"href":7884},[180,8824,8825],{},[381,8826,8827],{"href":7995},"Python input() function explained",[180,8829,8830],{},[381,8831,8219],{"href":2068},[180,8833,8834],{},[381,8835,8836],{"href":8758},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[180,8838,8839],{},[381,8840,8841],{"href":6986},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1699,8843,8844],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":8846},[8847,8848,8849,8850,8851,8852,8858,8864,8865,8873,8874,8881],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":6923,"depth":53,"text":6924},{"id":6990,"depth":53,"text":6991},{"id":7108,"depth":53,"text":7109},{"id":7303,"depth":53,"text":7304},{"id":7534,"depth":53,"text":7535,"children":8853},[8854,8855,8856,8857],{"id":7544,"depth":70,"text":7545},{"id":7642,"depth":70,"text":7643},{"id":7725,"depth":70,"text":7726},{"id":7798,"depth":70,"text":7799},{"id":7888,"depth":53,"text":7889,"children":8859},[8860,8862],{"id":7901,"depth":70,"text":8861},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7941,"depth":70,"text":8863},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8058,"depth":53,"text":8059},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":8866},[8867,8869,8870,8871],{"id":8229,"depth":70,"text":8868},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8326,"depth":70,"text":8327},{"id":8450,"depth":70,"text":8451},{"id":8557,"depth":70,"text":8872},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8649,"depth":53,"text":8650},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":8875},[8876,8877,8878,8879,8880],{"id":8764,"depth":70,"text":8765},{"id":8775,"depth":70,"text":8776},{"id":8783,"depth":70,"text":8784},{"id":8792,"depth":70,"text":8793},{"id":8801,"depth":70,"text":8802},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6750,"description":8882},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8889,"title":8890,"body":8891,"description":11084,"extension":1730,"meta":11085,"navigation":107,"path":11086,"seo":11087,"stem":11088,"__hash__":11089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8892,"toc":11046},[8893,8899,8905,8912,8917,8928,8935,9044,9048,9116,9121,9126,9131,9134,9145,9150,9153,9164,9171,9173,9178,9182,9207,9211,9220,9224,9287,9291,9324,9328,9373,9377,9414,9418,9421,9477,9481,9527,9530,9535,9574,9578,9601,9604,9618,9631,9635,9640,9707,9711,9747,9750,9758,9761,9825,9829,9861,9867,9869,9929,9936,9939,10017,10021,10054,10058,10061,10105,10109,10145,10148,10165,10168,10171,10224,10227,10238,10245,10254,10257,10315,10319,10360,10368,10376,10382,10390,10402,10407,10418,10491,10494,10506,10521,10525,10530,10534,10536,10579,10585,10587,10650,10654,10657,10666,10671,10708,10712,10715,10723,10726,10765,10769,10772,10823,10827,10848,10855,10857,10863,10890,10893,10948,10951,10962,10964,10971,10979,10985,10990,10997,11000,11007,11014,11016,11043],[10,8894,858,8896,3344],{"id":8895},"python-dict-function-explained",[25,8897,8898],{},"dict()",[14,8900,8901,8902,8904],{},"The built-in ",[25,8903,8898],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8906,8907,8908,8911],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[163,8909,8910],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,8913,8914,8916],{},[25,8915,8898],{}," is commonly used to:",[177,8918,8919,8922,8925],{},[180,8920,8921],{},"create an empty dictionary",[180,8923,8924],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[180,8926,8927],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8929,8930,8931,385],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[381,8932,8934],{"href":8933},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[18,8936,8938],{"className":20,"code":8937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[25,8939,8940,8975,8986,8990,9029],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,8941,8942,8945,8947,8950,8952,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8968,8970,8973],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,8943,8944],{"class":34},"data ",[28,8946,39],{"class":38},[28,8948,8949],{"class":89}," dict",[28,8951,94],{"class":93},[28,8953,121],{"class":8954},"s99_P",[28,8956,39],{"class":38},[28,8958,358],{"class":42},[28,8960,47],{"class":46},[28,8962,358],{"class":42},[28,8964,2759],{"class":93},[28,8966,8967],{"class":8954}," age",[28,8969,39],{"class":38},[28,8971,8972],{"class":97},"25",[28,8974,101],{"class":93},[28,8976,8977,8979,8981,8984],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,8978,115],{"class":114},[28,8980,94],{"class":93},[28,8982,8983],{"class":120},"data",[28,8985,101],{"class":93},[28,8987,8988],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,8989,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,8991,8992,8995,8997,9000,9002,9004,9006,9008,9010,9013,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,8993,8994],{"class":34},"pairs ",[28,8996,39],{"class":38},[28,8998,8999],{"class":93}," [(",[28,9001,358],{"class":42},[28,9003,381],{"class":46},[28,9005,358],{"class":42},[28,9007,2759],{"class":93},[28,9009,5273],{"class":97},[28,9011,9012],{"class":93},"),",[28,9014,9015],{"class":93}," (",[28,9017,358],{"class":42},[28,9019,4533],{"class":46},[28,9021,358],{"class":42},[28,9023,2759],{"class":93},[28,9025,2762],{"class":97},[28,9027,9028],{"class":93},")]\n",[28,9030,9031,9033,9035,9037,9039,9042],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,9032,115],{"class":114},[28,9034,94],{"class":93},[28,9036,8599],{"class":89},[28,9038,94],{"class":93},[28,9040,9041],{"class":120},"pairs",[28,9043,318],{"class":93},[14,9045,9046],{},[163,9047,336],{},[18,9049,9051],{"className":20,"code":9050,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[25,9052,9053,9088],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9054,9055,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082,9085],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9056,9057],{"class":93},"{",[28,9059,358],{"class":42},[28,9061,121],{"class":46},[28,9063,358],{"class":42},[28,9065,271],{"class":93},[28,9067,61],{"class":42},[28,9069,47],{"class":46},[28,9071,358],{"class":42},[28,9073,2759],{"class":93},[28,9075,61],{"class":42},[28,9077,835],{"class":46},[28,9079,358],{"class":42},[28,9081,271],{"class":93},[28,9083,9084],{"class":97}," 25",[28,9086,9087],{"class":93},"}\n",[28,9089,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9091,9057],{"class":93},[28,9093,358],{"class":42},[28,9095,381],{"class":46},[28,9097,358],{"class":42},[28,9099,271],{"class":93},[28,9101,5273],{"class":97},[28,9103,2759],{"class":93},[28,9105,61],{"class":42},[28,9107,4533],{"class":46},[28,9109,358],{"class":42},[28,9111,271],{"class":93},[28,9113,2762],{"class":97},[28,9115,9087],{"class":93},[14,9117,1631,9118,9120],{},[25,9119,8898],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[172,9122,3445,9124,3448],{"id":9123},"what-dict-does",[25,9125,8898],{},[14,9127,9128,9130],{},[25,9129,8898],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9132,9133],{},"A dictionary:",[177,9135,9136,9139,9142],{},[180,9137,9138],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[180,9140,9141],{},"lets you look up values by key",[180,9143,9144],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9146,9147,9149],{},[25,9148,8898],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9151,9152],{},"Common uses include:",[177,9154,9155,9158,9161],{},[180,9156,9157],{},"making an empty dictionary",[180,9159,9160],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[180,9162,9163],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9165,9166,9167,385],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[381,9168,9170],{"href":9169},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[172,9172,1927],{"id":1926},[14,9174,9175,9177],{},[25,9176,8898],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1109,9179,9181],{"id":9180},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[18,9183,9185],{"className":20,"code":9184,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[25,9186,9187,9197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9188,9189,9191,9193,9195],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9190,8944],{"class":34},[28,9192,39],{"class":38},[28,9194,8949],{"class":89},[28,9196,8420],{"class":93},[28,9198,9199,9201,9203,9205],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9200,115],{"class":114},[28,9202,94],{"class":93},[28,9204,8983],{"class":120},[28,9206,101],{"class":93},[14,9208,9209],{},[163,9210,336],{},[18,9212,9214],{"className":20,"code":9213,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{}\n",[25,9215,9216],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9217,9218],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9219,9213],{"class":93},[1109,9221,9223],{"id":9222},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[18,9225,9227],{"className":20,"code":9226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[25,9228,9229,9263,9277],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9230,9231,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9232,8994],{"class":34},[28,9234,39],{"class":38},[28,9236,8999],{"class":93},[28,9238,358],{"class":42},[28,9240,381],{"class":46},[28,9242,358],{"class":42},[28,9244,2759],{"class":93},[28,9246,5273],{"class":97},[28,9248,9012],{"class":93},[28,9250,9015],{"class":93},[28,9252,358],{"class":42},[28,9254,4533],{"class":46},[28,9256,358],{"class":42},[28,9258,2759],{"class":93},[28,9260,2762],{"class":97},[28,9262,9028],{"class":93},[28,9264,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9266,8944],{"class":34},[28,9268,39],{"class":38},[28,9270,8949],{"class":89},[28,9272,94],{"class":93},[28,9274,9041],{"class":120},[28,9276,101],{"class":93},[28,9278,9279,9281,9283,9285],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,9280,115],{"class":114},[28,9282,94],{"class":93},[28,9284,8983],{"class":120},[28,9286,101],{"class":93},[14,9288,9289],{},[163,9290,336],{},[18,9292,9294],{"className":20,"code":9293,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[25,9295,9296],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9297,9298,9300,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9299,9057],{"class":93},[28,9301,358],{"class":42},[28,9303,381],{"class":46},[28,9305,358],{"class":42},[28,9307,271],{"class":93},[28,9309,5273],{"class":97},[28,9311,2759],{"class":93},[28,9313,61],{"class":42},[28,9315,4533],{"class":46},[28,9317,358],{"class":42},[28,9319,271],{"class":93},[28,9321,2762],{"class":97},[28,9323,9087],{"class":93},[1109,9325,9327],{"id":9326},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[18,9329,9331],{"className":20,"code":9330,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[25,9332,9333,9363],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9334,9335,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9336,8944],{"class":34},[28,9338,39],{"class":38},[28,9340,8949],{"class":89},[28,9342,94],{"class":93},[28,9344,121],{"class":8954},[28,9346,39],{"class":38},[28,9348,358],{"class":42},[28,9350,47],{"class":46},[28,9352,358],{"class":42},[28,9354,2759],{"class":93},[28,9356,8967],{"class":8954},[28,9358,39],{"class":38},[28,9360,8972],{"class":97},[28,9362,101],{"class":93},[28,9364,9365,9367,9369,9371],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9366,115],{"class":114},[28,9368,94],{"class":93},[28,9370,8983],{"class":120},[28,9372,101],{"class":93},[14,9374,9375],{},[163,9376,336],{},[18,9378,9380],{"className":20,"code":9379,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[25,9381,9382],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9383,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9385,9057],{"class":93},[28,9387,358],{"class":42},[28,9389,121],{"class":46},[28,9391,358],{"class":42},[28,9393,271],{"class":93},[28,9395,61],{"class":42},[28,9397,47],{"class":46},[28,9399,358],{"class":42},[28,9401,2759],{"class":93},[28,9403,61],{"class":42},[28,9405,835],{"class":46},[28,9407,358],{"class":42},[28,9409,271],{"class":93},[28,9411,9084],{"class":97},[28,9413,9087],{"class":93},[1109,9415,9417],{"id":9416},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9419,9420],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[18,9422,9424],{"className":20,"code":9423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[25,9425,9426,9467],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9427,9428,9430,9432,9434,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9461,9463,9465],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9429,8944],{"class":34},[28,9431,39],{"class":38},[28,9433,8949],{"class":89},[28,9435,9436],{"class":93},"([(",[28,9438,358],{"class":42},[28,9440,381],{"class":46},[28,9442,358],{"class":42},[28,9444,2759],{"class":93},[28,9446,5273],{"class":97},[28,9448,9449],{"class":93},")],",[28,9451,2329],{"class":8954},[28,9453,39],{"class":38},[28,9455,1825],{"class":97},[28,9457,2759],{"class":93},[28,9459,9460],{"class":8954}," c",[28,9462,39],{"class":38},[28,9464,1831],{"class":97},[28,9466,101],{"class":93},[28,9468,9469,9471,9473,9475],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9470,115],{"class":114},[28,9472,94],{"class":93},[28,9474,8983],{"class":120},[28,9476,101],{"class":93},[14,9478,9479],{},[163,9480,336],{},[18,9482,9484],{"className":20,"code":9483,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[25,9485,9486],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9519,9521,9523,9525],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9489,9057],{"class":93},[28,9491,358],{"class":42},[28,9493,381],{"class":46},[28,9495,358],{"class":42},[28,9497,271],{"class":93},[28,9499,5273],{"class":97},[28,9501,2759],{"class":93},[28,9503,61],{"class":42},[28,9505,4533],{"class":46},[28,9507,358],{"class":42},[28,9509,271],{"class":93},[28,9511,2762],{"class":97},[28,9513,2759],{"class":93},[28,9515,61],{"class":42},[28,9517,9518],{"class":46},"c",[28,9520,358],{"class":42},[28,9522,271],{"class":93},[28,9524,2221],{"class":97},[28,9526,9087],{"class":93},[172,9528,9181],{"id":9529},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9531,1631,9532,9534],{},[25,9533,8898],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[18,9536,9538],{"className":20,"code":9537,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[25,9539,9540,9550,9564],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9541,9542,9544,9546,9548],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9543,8944],{"class":34},[28,9545,39],{"class":38},[28,9547,8949],{"class":89},[28,9549,8420],{"class":93},[28,9551,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9553,115],{"class":114},[28,9555,94],{"class":93},[28,9557,311],{"class":89},[28,9559,94],{"class":93},[28,9561,8983],{"class":120},[28,9563,318],{"class":93},[28,9565,9566,9568,9570,9572],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,9567,115],{"class":114},[28,9569,94],{"class":93},[28,9571,8983],{"class":120},[28,9573,101],{"class":93},[14,9575,9576],{},[163,9577,336],{},[18,9579,9581],{"className":20,"code":9580,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[25,9582,9583,9597],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9586,346],{"class":38},[28,9588,350],{"class":349},[28,9590,61],{"class":42},[28,9592,8599],{"class":46},[28,9594,358],{"class":42},[28,9596,361],{"class":38},[28,9598,9599],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9600,9213],{"class":93},[14,9602,9603],{},"This gives the same result as:",[18,9605,9607],{"className":20,"code":9606,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {}\n",[25,9608,9609],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9610,9611,9613,9615],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9612,8944],{"class":34},[28,9614,39],{"class":38},[28,9616,9617],{"class":93}," {}\n",[14,9619,9620,9621,9623,9624,9627,9628,9630],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[25,9622,3560],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9625,9626],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[25,9629,8898],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[172,9632,9634],{"id":9633},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9636,9637,9638,385],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[25,9639,8898],{},[18,9641,9643],{"className":20,"code":9642,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[25,9644,9645,9683,9697],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9646,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9648,8994],{"class":34},[28,9650,39],{"class":38},[28,9652,8999],{"class":93},[28,9654,358],{"class":42},[28,9656,121],{"class":46},[28,9658,358],{"class":42},[28,9660,2759],{"class":93},[28,9662,61],{"class":42},[28,9664,47],{"class":46},[28,9666,358],{"class":42},[28,9668,9012],{"class":93},[28,9670,9015],{"class":93},[28,9672,358],{"class":42},[28,9674,835],{"class":46},[28,9676,358],{"class":42},[28,9678,2759],{"class":93},[28,9680,9084],{"class":97},[28,9682,9028],{"class":93},[28,9684,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9686,8944],{"class":34},[28,9688,39],{"class":38},[28,9690,8949],{"class":89},[28,9692,94],{"class":93},[28,9694,9041],{"class":120},[28,9696,101],{"class":93},[28,9698,9699,9701,9703,9705],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,9700,115],{"class":114},[28,9702,94],{"class":93},[28,9704,8983],{"class":120},[28,9706,101],{"class":93},[14,9708,9709],{},[163,9710,336],{},[18,9712,9713],{"className":20,"code":9379,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,9714,9715],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9716,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9718,9057],{"class":93},[28,9720,358],{"class":42},[28,9722,121],{"class":46},[28,9724,358],{"class":42},[28,9726,271],{"class":93},[28,9728,61],{"class":42},[28,9730,47],{"class":46},[28,9732,358],{"class":42},[28,9734,2759],{"class":93},[28,9736,61],{"class":42},[28,9738,835],{"class":46},[28,9740,358],{"class":42},[28,9742,271],{"class":93},[28,9744,9084],{"class":97},[28,9746,9087],{"class":93},[14,9748,9749],{},"Each pair becomes:",[177,9751,9752,9755],{},[180,9753,9754],{},"the first item as the key",[180,9756,9757],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9759,9760],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[18,9762,9764],{"className":20,"code":9763,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[25,9765,9766,9801,9815],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9767,9768,9770,9772,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9769,8994],{"class":34},[28,9771,39],{"class":38},[28,9773,9774],{"class":93}," ((",[28,9776,358],{"class":42},[28,9778,381],{"class":46},[28,9780,358],{"class":42},[28,9782,2759],{"class":93},[28,9784,5273],{"class":97},[28,9786,9012],{"class":93},[28,9788,9015],{"class":93},[28,9790,358],{"class":42},[28,9792,4533],{"class":46},[28,9794,358],{"class":42},[28,9796,2759],{"class":93},[28,9798,2762],{"class":97},[28,9800,318],{"class":93},[28,9802,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9804,8944],{"class":34},[28,9806,39],{"class":38},[28,9808,8949],{"class":89},[28,9810,94],{"class":93},[28,9812,9041],{"class":120},[28,9814,101],{"class":93},[28,9816,9817,9819,9821,9823],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,9818,115],{"class":114},[28,9820,94],{"class":93},[28,9822,8983],{"class":120},[28,9824,101],{"class":93},[14,9826,9827],{},[163,9828,336],{},[18,9830,9831],{"className":20,"code":9293,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,9832,9833],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9834,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9836,9057],{"class":93},[28,9838,358],{"class":42},[28,9840,381],{"class":46},[28,9842,358],{"class":42},[28,9844,271],{"class":93},[28,9846,5273],{"class":97},[28,9848,2759],{"class":93},[28,9850,61],{"class":42},[28,9852,4533],{"class":46},[28,9854,358],{"class":42},[28,9856,271],{"class":93},[28,9858,2762],{"class":97},[28,9860,9087],{"class":93},[14,9862,9863,9864,385],{},"Each item must contain ",[163,9865,9866],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9868,2604],{},[18,9870,9872],{"className":20,"code":9871,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[25,9873,9874,9914],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9875,9876,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9877,9878],{"class":34},"bad_data ",[28,9880,39],{"class":38},[28,9882,8999],{"class":93},[28,9884,358],{"class":42},[28,9886,381],{"class":46},[28,9888,358],{"class":42},[28,9890,2759],{"class":93},[28,9892,5273],{"class":97},[28,9894,2759],{"class":93},[28,9896,9897],{"class":97}," 100",[28,9899,9012],{"class":93},[28,9901,9015],{"class":93},[28,9903,358],{"class":42},[28,9905,4533],{"class":46},[28,9907,358],{"class":42},[28,9909,2759],{"class":93},[28,9911,2762],{"class":97},[28,9913,9028],{"class":93},[28,9915,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9927],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9917,1999],{"class":34},[28,9919,39],{"class":38},[28,9921,8949],{"class":89},[28,9923,94],{"class":93},[28,9925,9926],{"class":120},"bad_data",[28,9928,101],{"class":93},[14,9930,9931,9932,9935],{},"Python raises an error because ",[25,9933,9934],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,9937,9938],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[18,9940,9942],{"className":20,"code":9941,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[25,9943,9944,9993,10007],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,9945,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,9947,8994],{"class":34},[28,9949,39],{"class":38},[28,9951,8999],{"class":93},[28,9953,358],{"class":42},[28,9955,381],{"class":46},[28,9957,358],{"class":42},[28,9959,2759],{"class":93},[28,9961,5273],{"class":97},[28,9963,9012],{"class":93},[28,9965,9015],{"class":93},[28,9967,358],{"class":42},[28,9969,381],{"class":46},[28,9971,358],{"class":42},[28,9973,2759],{"class":93},[28,9975,9976],{"class":97}," 99",[28,9978,9012],{"class":93},[28,9980,9015],{"class":93},[28,9982,358],{"class":42},[28,9984,4533],{"class":46},[28,9986,358],{"class":42},[28,9988,2759],{"class":93},[28,9990,2762],{"class":97},[28,9992,9028],{"class":93},[28,9994,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,9996,8944],{"class":34},[28,9998,39],{"class":38},[28,10000,8949],{"class":89},[28,10002,94],{"class":93},[28,10004,9041],{"class":120},[28,10006,101],{"class":93},[28,10008,10009,10011,10013,10015],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,10010,115],{"class":114},[28,10012,94],{"class":93},[28,10014,8983],{"class":120},[28,10016,101],{"class":93},[14,10018,10019],{},[163,10020,336],{},[18,10022,10024],{"className":20,"code":10023,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[25,10025,10026],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10027,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10029,9057],{"class":93},[28,10031,358],{"class":42},[28,10033,381],{"class":46},[28,10035,358],{"class":42},[28,10037,271],{"class":93},[28,10039,9976],{"class":97},[28,10041,2759],{"class":93},[28,10043,61],{"class":42},[28,10045,4533],{"class":46},[28,10047,358],{"class":42},[28,10049,271],{"class":93},[28,10051,2762],{"class":97},[28,10053,9087],{"class":93},[172,10055,10057],{"id":10056},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10059,10060],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[18,10062,10063],{"className":20,"code":9330,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,10064,10065,10095],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10066,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087,10089,10091,10093],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10068,8944],{"class":34},[28,10070,39],{"class":38},[28,10072,8949],{"class":89},[28,10074,94],{"class":93},[28,10076,121],{"class":8954},[28,10078,39],{"class":38},[28,10080,358],{"class":42},[28,10082,47],{"class":46},[28,10084,358],{"class":42},[28,10086,2759],{"class":93},[28,10088,8967],{"class":8954},[28,10090,39],{"class":38},[28,10092,8972],{"class":97},[28,10094,101],{"class":93},[28,10096,10097,10099,10101,10103],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10098,115],{"class":114},[28,10100,94],{"class":93},[28,10102,8983],{"class":120},[28,10104,101],{"class":93},[14,10106,10107],{},[163,10108,336],{},[18,10110,10111],{"className":20,"code":9379,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,10112,10113],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10114,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10116,9057],{"class":93},[28,10118,358],{"class":42},[28,10120,121],{"class":46},[28,10122,358],{"class":42},[28,10124,271],{"class":93},[28,10126,61],{"class":42},[28,10128,47],{"class":46},[28,10130,358],{"class":42},[28,10132,2759],{"class":93},[28,10134,61],{"class":42},[28,10136,835],{"class":46},[28,10138,358],{"class":42},[28,10140,271],{"class":93},[28,10142,9084],{"class":97},[28,10144,9087],{"class":93},[14,10146,10147],{},"In this form:",[177,10149,10150,10158],{},[180,10151,10152,10154,10155],{},[25,10153,121],{}," becomes the string key ",[25,10156,10157],{},"'name'",[180,10159,10160,10154,10162],{},[25,10161,835],{},[25,10163,10164],{},"'age'",[14,10166,10167],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10169,10170],{},"Valid examples:",[18,10172,10174],{"className":20,"code":10173,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[25,10175,10176,10214],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10177,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10189,10191,10193,10196,10198,10200,10203,10205,10207,10210,10212],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10179,8944],{"class":34},[28,10181,39],{"class":38},[28,10183,8949],{"class":89},[28,10185,94],{"class":93},[28,10187,10188],{"class":8954},"city",[28,10190,39],{"class":38},[28,10192,358],{"class":42},[28,10194,10195],{"class":46},"Paris",[28,10197,358],{"class":42},[28,10199,2759],{"class":93},[28,10201,10202],{"class":8954}," country",[28,10204,39],{"class":38},[28,10206,358],{"class":42},[28,10208,10209],{"class":46},"France",[28,10211,358],{"class":42},[28,10213,101],{"class":93},[28,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10217,115],{"class":114},[28,10219,94],{"class":93},[28,10221,8983],{"class":120},[28,10223,101],{"class":93},[14,10225,10226],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[177,10228,10229,10232,10235],{},[180,10230,10231],{},"spaces",[180,10233,10234],{},"hyphens",[180,10236,10237],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10239,10240,10241,10244],{},"For example, this is ",[163,10242,10243],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[18,10246,10248],{"className":20,"code":10247,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[25,10249,10250],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10251,10252],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10253,10247],{"class":1006},[14,10255,10256],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[18,10258,10260],{"className":20,"code":10259,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[25,10261,10262,10305],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10263,10264,10266,10268,10271,10273,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10265,8944],{"class":34},[28,10267,39],{"class":38},[28,10269,10270],{"class":93}," {",[28,10272,358],{"class":42},[28,10274,10275],{"class":46},"first-name",[28,10277,358],{"class":42},[28,10279,271],{"class":93},[28,10281,61],{"class":42},[28,10283,7452],{"class":46},[28,10285,358],{"class":42},[28,10287,2759],{"class":93},[28,10289,61],{"class":42},[28,10291,10292],{"class":46},"first name",[28,10294,358],{"class":42},[28,10296,271],{"class":93},[28,10298,61],{"class":42},[28,10300,7452],{"class":46},[28,10302,358],{"class":42},[28,10304,9087],{"class":93},[28,10306,10307,10309,10311,10313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10308,115],{"class":114},[28,10310,94],{"class":93},[28,10312,8983],{"class":120},[28,10314,101],{"class":93},[14,10316,10317],{},[163,10318,336],{},[18,10320,10322],{"className":20,"code":10321,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[25,10323,10324],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10325,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10327,9057],{"class":93},[28,10329,358],{"class":42},[28,10331,10275],{"class":46},[28,10333,358],{"class":42},[28,10335,271],{"class":93},[28,10337,61],{"class":42},[28,10339,7452],{"class":46},[28,10341,358],{"class":42},[28,10343,2759],{"class":93},[28,10345,61],{"class":42},[28,10347,10292],{"class":46},[28,10349,358],{"class":42},[28,10351,271],{"class":93},[28,10353,61],{"class":42},[28,10355,7452],{"class":46},[28,10357,358],{"class":42},[28,10359,9087],{"class":93},[172,10361,10363,10365,10366],{"id":10362},"dict-vs",[25,10364,8898],{}," vs ",[25,10367,3560],{},[14,10369,10370,10371,1323,10373,10375],{},"Both ",[25,10372,8898],{},[25,10374,3560],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1109,10377,1631,10379,10381],{"id":10378},"use-when",[25,10380,3560],{}," when:",[177,10383,10384,10387],{},[180,10385,10386],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[180,10388,10389],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[18,10391,10392],{"className":20,"code":9606,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,10393,10394],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10395,10396,10398,10400],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10397,8944],{"class":34},[28,10399,39],{"class":38},[28,10401,9617],{"class":93},[1109,10403,1631,10405,10381],{"id":10404},"use-dict-when",[25,10406,8898],{},[177,10408,10409,10412,10415],{},[180,10410,10411],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[180,10413,10414],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[180,10416,10417],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[18,10419,10421],{"className":20,"code":10420,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[25,10422,10423,10460],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10426,8944],{"class":34},[28,10428,39],{"class":38},[28,10430,8949],{"class":89},[28,10432,9436],{"class":93},[28,10434,358],{"class":42},[28,10436,381],{"class":46},[28,10438,358],{"class":42},[28,10440,2759],{"class":93},[28,10442,5273],{"class":97},[28,10444,9012],{"class":93},[28,10446,9015],{"class":93},[28,10448,358],{"class":42},[28,10450,4533],{"class":46},[28,10452,358],{"class":42},[28,10454,2759],{"class":93},[28,10456,2762],{"class":97},[28,10458,10459],{"class":93},")])\n",[28,10461,10462,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10463,10464],{"class":34},"info ",[28,10466,39],{"class":38},[28,10468,8949],{"class":89},[28,10470,94],{"class":93},[28,10472,121],{"class":8954},[28,10474,39],{"class":38},[28,10476,358],{"class":42},[28,10478,47],{"class":46},[28,10480,358],{"class":42},[28,10482,2759],{"class":93},[28,10484,8967],{"class":8954},[28,10486,39],{"class":38},[28,10488,8972],{"class":97},[28,10490,101],{"class":93},[14,10492,10493],{},"So:",[177,10495,10496,10501],{},[180,10497,10498,10500],{},[25,10499,3560],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[180,10502,10503,10505],{},[25,10504,8898],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10507,10508,10509,10513,10514,385],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[381,10510,10512],{"href":10511},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[381,10515,10517,10518,1689],{"href":10516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[25,10519,10520],{},"get()",[172,10522,10524],{"id":10523},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10526,10527,10528,385],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[25,10529,8898],{},[1109,10531,10533],{"id":10532},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10535,4297],{},[18,10537,10539],{"className":20,"code":10538,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[25,10540,10541,10565],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10542,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10544,7555],{"class":34},[28,10546,39],{"class":38},[28,10548,3388],{"class":93},[28,10550,358],{"class":42},[28,10552,381],{"class":46},[28,10554,358],{"class":42},[28,10556,2759],{"class":93},[28,10558,61],{"class":42},[28,10560,4533],{"class":46},[28,10562,358],{"class":42},[28,10564,3401],{"class":93},[28,10566,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10568,8944],{"class":34},[28,10570,39],{"class":38},[28,10572,8949],{"class":89},[28,10574,94],{"class":93},[28,10576,7586],{"class":120},[28,10578,101],{"class":93},[14,10580,10581,10582,385],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[25,10583,10584],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10586,1142],{},[18,10588,10590],{"className":20,"code":10589,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[25,10591,10592,10626,10640],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10593,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10595,7555],{"class":34},[28,10597,39],{"class":38},[28,10599,8999],{"class":93},[28,10601,358],{"class":42},[28,10603,381],{"class":46},[28,10605,358],{"class":42},[28,10607,2759],{"class":93},[28,10609,5273],{"class":97},[28,10611,9012],{"class":93},[28,10613,9015],{"class":93},[28,10615,358],{"class":42},[28,10617,4533],{"class":46},[28,10619,358],{"class":42},[28,10621,2759],{"class":93},[28,10623,2762],{"class":97},[28,10625,9028],{"class":93},[28,10627,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10629,8944],{"class":34},[28,10631,39],{"class":38},[28,10633,8949],{"class":89},[28,10635,94],{"class":93},[28,10637,7586],{"class":120},[28,10639,101],{"class":93},[28,10641,10642,10644,10646,10648],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,10643,115],{"class":114},[28,10645,94],{"class":93},[28,10647,8983],{"class":120},[28,10649,101],{"class":93},[1109,10651,10653],{"id":10652},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10655,10656],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[18,10658,10660],{"className":20,"code":10659,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[25,10661,10662],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10663,10664],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10665,10659],{"class":1006},[14,10667,10668,10669,271],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[25,10670,39],{},[18,10672,10674],{"className":20,"code":10673,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[25,10675,10676,10698],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10677,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10679,8944],{"class":34},[28,10681,39],{"class":38},[28,10683,8949],{"class":89},[28,10685,94],{"class":93},[28,10687,121],{"class":8954},[28,10689,39],{"class":38},[28,10691,358],{"class":42},[28,10693,47],{"class":46},[28,10695,358],{"class":42},[28,10697,101],{"class":93},[28,10699,10700,10702,10704,10706],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10701,115],{"class":114},[28,10703,94],{"class":93},[28,10705,8983],{"class":120},[28,10707,101],{"class":93},[1109,10709,10711],{"id":10710},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10713,10714],{},"This will not work:",[18,10716,10717],{"className":20,"code":10247,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,10718,10719],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10720,10721],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10722,10247],{"class":1006},[14,10724,10725],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[18,10727,10729],{"className":20,"code":10728,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[25,10730,10731,10755],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10732,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10734,8944],{"class":34},[28,10736,39],{"class":38},[28,10738,10270],{"class":93},[28,10740,358],{"class":42},[28,10742,10275],{"class":46},[28,10744,358],{"class":42},[28,10746,271],{"class":93},[28,10748,61],{"class":42},[28,10750,7452],{"class":46},[28,10752,358],{"class":42},[28,10754,9087],{"class":93},[28,10756,10757,10759,10761,10763],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10758,115],{"class":114},[28,10760,94],{"class":93},[28,10762,8983],{"class":120},[28,10764,101],{"class":93},[1109,10766,10768],{"id":10767},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10770,10771],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[18,10773,10775],{"className":20,"code":10774,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[25,10776,10777,10813],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10778,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10780,8944],{"class":34},[28,10782,39],{"class":38},[28,10784,8949],{"class":89},[28,10786,9436],{"class":93},[28,10788,358],{"class":42},[28,10790,1944],{"class":46},[28,10792,358],{"class":42},[28,10794,2759],{"class":93},[28,10796,5273],{"class":97},[28,10798,9012],{"class":93},[28,10800,9015],{"class":93},[28,10802,358],{"class":42},[28,10804,1944],{"class":46},[28,10806,358],{"class":42},[28,10808,2759],{"class":93},[28,10810,2762],{"class":97},[28,10812,10459],{"class":93},[28,10814,10815,10817,10819,10821],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10816,115],{"class":114},[28,10818,94],{"class":93},[28,10820,8983],{"class":120},[28,10822,101],{"class":93},[14,10824,10825],{},[163,10826,336],{},[18,10828,10830],{"className":20,"code":10829,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'x': 2}\n",[25,10831,10832],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10833,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10835,9057],{"class":93},[28,10837,358],{"class":42},[28,10839,1944],{"class":46},[28,10841,358],{"class":42},[28,10843,271],{"class":93},[28,10845,2762],{"class":97},[28,10847,9087],{"class":93},[14,10849,10850,10851,385],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[381,10852,10854],{"href":10853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[172,10856,1104],{"id":1103},[14,10858,10859,10860,10862],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[25,10861,8898],{}," include:",[177,10864,10865,10875,10881,10884],{},[180,10866,10867,10868,10871,10872],{},"passing a list like ",[25,10869,10870],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[25,10873,10874],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[180,10876,10877,10878],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[25,10879,10880],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[180,10882,10883],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[180,10885,10886,10887,10889],{},"confusing ",[25,10888,8898],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10891,10892],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[18,10894,10896],{"className":20,"code":10895,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[25,10897,10898,10912,10922,10933],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,10899,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,10901,115],{"class":114},[28,10903,94],{"class":93},[28,10905,311],{"class":89},[28,10907,94],{"class":93},[28,10909,8983],{"class":120},[28,10911,318],{"class":93},[28,10913,10914,10916,10918,10920],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,10915,115],{"class":114},[28,10917,94],{"class":93},[28,10919,8983],{"class":120},[28,10921,101],{"class":93},[28,10923,10924,10926,10928,10931],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,10925,115],{"class":114},[28,10927,94],{"class":93},[28,10929,10930],{"class":120},"list_of_pairs",[28,10932,101],{"class":93},[28,10934,10935,10937,10939,10942,10944,10946],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,10936,115],{"class":114},[28,10938,94],{"class":93},[28,10940,10941],{"class":114},"len",[28,10943,94],{"class":93},[28,10945,10930],{"class":120},[28,10947,318],{"class":93},[14,10949,10950],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[177,10952,10953,10956,10959],{},[180,10954,10955],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[180,10957,10958],{},"what data is being passed in",[180,10960,10961],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[172,10963,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,10965,4953,10967,1323,10969,2262],{"id":10966},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[25,10968,8898],{},[25,10970,3560],{},[14,10972,10973,10975,10976,10978],{},[25,10974,3560],{}," is the short literal form. ",[25,10977,8898],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1109,10980,4943,10982,10984],{"id":10981},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[25,10983,8898],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,10986,10987,10988,385],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[25,10989,10874],{},[1109,10991,4931,10993,10996],{"id":10992},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[25,10994,10995],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,10998,10999],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1109,11001,11003,11004,11006],{"id":11002},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[25,11005,8898],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11008,11009,11010,11013],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[25,11011,11012],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[172,11015,1662],{"id":1661},[177,11017,11018,11023,11027,11032,11038],{},[180,11019,11020],{},[381,11021,11022],{"href":9169},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[180,11024,11025],{},[381,11026,8934],{"href":8933},[180,11028,11029],{},[381,11030,11031],{"href":10511},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[180,11033,11034],{},[381,11035,10517,11036,1689],{"href":10516},[25,11037,10520],{},[180,11039,11040],{},[381,11041,11042],{"href":10853},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1699,11044,11045],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":11047},[11048,11050,11056,11057,11058,11059,11066,11072,11073,11083],{"id":9123,"depth":53,"text":11049},"What dict() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":11051},[11052,11053,11054,11055],{"id":9180,"depth":70,"text":9181},{"id":9222,"depth":70,"text":9223},{"id":9326,"depth":70,"text":9327},{"id":9416,"depth":70,"text":9417},{"id":9529,"depth":53,"text":9181},{"id":9633,"depth":53,"text":9634},{"id":10056,"depth":53,"text":10057},{"id":10362,"depth":53,"text":11060,"children":11061},"dict() vs {}",[11062,11064],{"id":10378,"depth":70,"text":11063},"Use {} when:",{"id":10404,"depth":70,"text":11065},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10523,"depth":53,"text":10524,"children":11067},[11068,11069,11070,11071],{"id":10532,"depth":70,"text":10533},{"id":10652,"depth":70,"text":10653},{"id":10710,"depth":70,"text":10711},{"id":10767,"depth":70,"text":10768},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":11074},[11075,11077,11079,11081],{"id":10966,"depth":70,"text":11076},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10981,"depth":70,"text":11078},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10992,"depth":70,"text":11080},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11002,"depth":70,"text":11082},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8890,"description":11084},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11091,"title":11092,"body":11093,"description":12605,"extension":1730,"meta":12606,"navigation":107,"path":12607,"seo":12608,"stem":12609,"__hash__":12610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11094,"toc":12574},[11095,11103,11109,11116,11118,11179,11184,11189,11194,11212,11215,11219,11221,11237,11240,11253,11257,11260,11394,11396,11463,11466,11482,11488,11494,11497,11579,11581,11595,11599,11605,11670,11672,11680,11683,11706,11712,11775,11781,11784,11798,11811,11815,11826,11831,11842,11849,11853,11859,11981,11983,12009,12012,12029,12032,12143,12145,12194,12196,12209,12218,12223,12228,12239,12241,12344,12367,12369,12373,12392,12395,12453,12456,12482,12484,12491,12494,12500,12504,12511,12519,12525,12528,12530,12571],[10,11096,11098,11099,11102],{"id":11097},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[25,11100,11101],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11104,11105,11108],{},[25,11106,11107],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11110,11111,11112,11115],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[163,11113,11114],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[172,11117,1771],{"id":1770},[18,11119,11121],{"className":20,"code":11120,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[25,11122,11123,11155,11166],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11124,11125,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11126,8944],{"class":34},[28,11128,39],{"class":38},[28,11130,10270],{"class":93},[28,11132,234],{"class":42},[28,11134,381],{"class":46},[28,11136,234],{"class":42},[28,11138,271],{"class":93},[28,11140,5273],{"class":97},[28,11142,2759],{"class":93},[28,11144,43],{"class":42},[28,11146,4533],{"class":46},[28,11148,234],{"class":42},[28,11150,271],{"class":93},[28,11152,2762],{"class":97},[28,11154,9087],{"class":93},[28,11156,11157,11159,11161,11164],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11158,8983],{"class":34},[28,11160,385],{"class":93},[28,11162,11163],{"class":120},"clear",[28,11165,8420],{"class":93},[28,11167,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,11169,115],{"class":114},[28,11171,94],{"class":93},[28,11173,8983],{"class":120},[28,11175,3428],{"class":93},[28,11177,11178],{"class":1006},"  # {}\n",[14,11180,11181,11183],{},[25,11182,11101],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[172,11185,3445,11187,3448],{"id":11186},"what-clear-does",[25,11188,11101],{},[14,11190,679,11191,11193],{},[25,11192,11101],{}," method:",[177,11195,11196,11199,11202,11207],{},[180,11197,11198],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[180,11200,11201],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[180,11203,11204,11205],{},"Returns ",[25,11206,3546],{},[180,11208,11209,11210],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[25,11211,3560],{},[14,11213,11214],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11216,8930,11217,385],{},[381,11218,8934],{"href":8933},[172,11220,1927],{"id":1926},[18,11222,11224],{"className":20,"code":11223,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict.clear()\n",[25,11225,11226],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11227,11228,11231,11233,11235],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11229,11230],{"class":34},"my_dict",[28,11232,385],{"class":93},[28,11234,11163],{"class":120},[28,11236,8420],{"class":93},[14,11238,11239],{},"Important points:",[177,11241,11242,11247,11250],{},[180,11243,11244,11246],{},[25,11245,11101],{}," takes no arguments",[180,11248,11249],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[180,11251,11252],{},"It empties that dictionary",[172,11254,11256],{"id":11255},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11258,11259],{},"Here is a basic example:",[18,11261,11263],{"className":20,"code":11262,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[25,11264,11265,11275,11296,11310,11327,11331,11335,11355,11359,11370,11374],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11266,11267,11270,11272],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11268,11269],{"class":34},"user ",[28,11271,39],{"class":38},[28,11273,11274],{"class":93}," {\n",[28,11276,11277,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11291,11293],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11278,11279],{"class":42},"    \"",[28,11281,121],{"class":46},[28,11283,234],{"class":42},[28,11285,271],{"class":93},[28,11287,43],{"class":42},[28,11289,11290],{"class":46},"Maya",[28,11292,234],{"class":42},[28,11294,11295],{"class":93},",\n",[28,11297,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,11299,11279],{"class":42},[28,11301,835],{"class":46},[28,11303,234],{"class":42},[28,11305,271],{"class":93},[28,11307,9084],{"class":97},[28,11309,11295],{"class":93},[28,11311,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11325],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,11313,11279],{"class":42},[28,11315,10188],{"class":46},[28,11317,234],{"class":42},[28,11319,271],{"class":93},[28,11321,43],{"class":42},[28,11323,11324],{"class":46},"Berlin",[28,11326,50],{"class":42},[28,11328,11329],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,11330,9087],{"class":93},[28,11332,11333],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,11334,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11336,11337,11339,11341,11343,11346,11348,11350,11353],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,11338,115],{"class":114},[28,11340,94],{"class":93},[28,11342,234],{"class":42},[28,11344,11345],{"class":46},"Before:",[28,11347,234],{"class":42},[28,11349,2759],{"class":93},[28,11351,11352],{"class":120}," user",[28,11354,101],{"class":93},[28,11356,11357],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,11358,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11360,11361,11364,11366,11368],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,11362,11363],{"class":34},"user",[28,11365,385],{"class":93},[28,11367,11163],{"class":120},[28,11369,8420],{"class":93},[28,11371,11372],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,11373,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11386,11388,11390,11392],{"class":30,"line":11376},11,[28,11378,115],{"class":114},[28,11380,94],{"class":93},[28,11382,234],{"class":42},[28,11384,11385],{"class":46},"After:",[28,11387,234],{"class":42},[28,11389,2759],{"class":93},[28,11391,11352],{"class":120},[28,11393,101],{"class":93},[14,11395,5335],{},[18,11397,11399],{"className":20,"code":11398,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[25,11400,11401,11454],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11402,11403,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432,11434,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11404,11405],{"class":34},"Before",[28,11407,271],{"class":93},[28,11409,10270],{"class":93},[28,11411,358],{"class":42},[28,11413,121],{"class":46},[28,11415,358],{"class":42},[28,11417,271],{"class":93},[28,11419,61],{"class":42},[28,11421,11290],{"class":46},[28,11423,358],{"class":42},[28,11425,2759],{"class":93},[28,11427,61],{"class":42},[28,11429,835],{"class":46},[28,11431,358],{"class":42},[28,11433,271],{"class":93},[28,11435,9084],{"class":97},[28,11437,2759],{"class":93},[28,11439,61],{"class":42},[28,11441,10188],{"class":46},[28,11443,358],{"class":42},[28,11445,271],{"class":93},[28,11447,61],{"class":42},[28,11449,11324],{"class":46},[28,11451,358],{"class":42},[28,11453,9087],{"class":93},[28,11455,11456,11459,11461],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11457,11458],{"class":34},"After",[28,11460,271],{"class":93},[28,11462,9617],{"class":93},[14,11464,11465],{},"What happens here:",[177,11467,11468,11473,11479],{},[180,11469,11470,11472],{},[25,11471,11363],{}," starts with three items",[180,11474,11475,11478],{},[25,11476,11477],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[180,11480,11481],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[172,11483,3445,11485,11487],{"id":11484},"what-clear-returns",[25,11486,11101],{}," returns",[14,11489,11490,2166,11492,385],{},[25,11491,11101],{},[25,11493,3546],{},[14,11495,11496],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[18,11498,11500],{"className":20,"code":11499,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[25,11501,11502,11536,11540,11555,11559,11569],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11503,11504,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11528,11530,11532,11534],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11505,11506],{"class":34},"my_dict ",[28,11508,39],{"class":38},[28,11510,10270],{"class":93},[28,11512,234],{"class":42},[28,11514,1944],{"class":46},[28,11516,234],{"class":42},[28,11518,271],{"class":93},[28,11520,5273],{"class":97},[28,11522,2759],{"class":93},[28,11524,43],{"class":42},[28,11526,11527],{"class":46},"y",[28,11529,234],{"class":42},[28,11531,271],{"class":93},[28,11533,2762],{"class":97},[28,11535,9087],{"class":93},[28,11537,11538],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11539,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11541,11542,11544,11546,11549,11551,11553],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,11543,1999],{"class":34},[28,11545,39],{"class":38},[28,11547,11548],{"class":34}," my_dict",[28,11550,385],{"class":93},[28,11552,11163],{"class":120},[28,11554,8420],{"class":93},[28,11556,11557],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,11558,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11560,11561,11563,11565,11567],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,11562,115],{"class":114},[28,11564,94],{"class":93},[28,11566,2033],{"class":120},[28,11568,101],{"class":93},[28,11570,11571,11573,11575,11577],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,11572,115],{"class":114},[28,11574,94],{"class":93},[28,11576,11230],{"class":120},[28,11578,101],{"class":93},[14,11580,336],{},[18,11582,11584],{"className":20,"code":11583,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"None\n{}\n",[25,11585,11586,11591],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11587,11588],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11589,11590],{"class":776},"None\n",[28,11592,11593],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11594,9213],{"class":93},[1109,11596,11598],{"id":11597},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11600,11601,11602,11604],{},"Do ",[163,11603,4402],{}," do this:",[18,11606,11608],{"className":20,"code":11607,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[25,11609,11610,11642,11656,11660],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11611,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11613,11506],{"class":34},[28,11615,39],{"class":38},[28,11617,10270],{"class":93},[28,11619,234],{"class":42},[28,11621,1944],{"class":46},[28,11623,234],{"class":42},[28,11625,271],{"class":93},[28,11627,5273],{"class":97},[28,11629,2759],{"class":93},[28,11631,43],{"class":42},[28,11633,11527],{"class":46},[28,11635,234],{"class":42},[28,11637,271],{"class":93},[28,11639,2762],{"class":97},[28,11641,9087],{"class":93},[28,11643,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11645,11506],{"class":34},[28,11647,39],{"class":38},[28,11649,11548],{"class":34},[28,11651,385],{"class":93},[28,11653,11163],{"class":120},[28,11655,8420],{"class":93},[28,11657,11658],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,11659,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11661,11662,11664,11666,11668],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,11663,115],{"class":114},[28,11665,94],{"class":93},[28,11667,11230],{"class":120},[28,11669,101],{"class":93},[14,11671,336],{},[18,11673,11674],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,11675,11676],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11677,11678],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11679,11590],{"class":776},[14,11681,11682],{},"Why this happens:",[177,11684,11685,11691,11696],{},[180,11686,11687,11690],{},[25,11688,11689],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[180,11692,11693,11694],{},"The method returns ",[25,11695,3546],{},[180,11697,11698,11699,11702,11703,11705],{},"Then ",[25,11700,11701],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[25,11704,3546],{}," in the variable",[14,11707,11708,11709,11711],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[25,11710,11101],{}," by itself:",[18,11713,11715],{"className":20,"code":11714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[25,11716,11717,11749,11759,11763],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11718,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11720,11506],{"class":34},[28,11722,39],{"class":38},[28,11724,10270],{"class":93},[28,11726,234],{"class":42},[28,11728,1944],{"class":46},[28,11730,234],{"class":42},[28,11732,271],{"class":93},[28,11734,5273],{"class":97},[28,11736,2759],{"class":93},[28,11738,43],{"class":42},[28,11740,11527],{"class":46},[28,11742,234],{"class":42},[28,11744,271],{"class":93},[28,11746,2762],{"class":97},[28,11748,9087],{"class":93},[28,11750,11751,11753,11755,11757],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11752,11230],{"class":34},[28,11754,385],{"class":93},[28,11756,11163],{"class":120},[28,11758,8420],{"class":93},[28,11760,11761],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,11762,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11764,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,11766,115],{"class":114},[28,11768,94],{"class":93},[28,11770,11230],{"class":120},[28,11772,3428],{"class":93},[28,11774,11178],{"class":1006},[172,11776,11778,11780],{"id":11777},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[25,11779,11101],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11782,11783],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[18,11785,11786],{"className":20,"code":11223,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,11787,11788],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11789,11790,11792,11794,11796],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11791,11230],{"class":34},[28,11793,385],{"class":93},[28,11795,11163],{"class":120},[28,11797,8420],{"class":93},[18,11799,11801],{"className":20,"code":11800,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {}\n",[25,11802,11803],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11804,11805,11807,11809],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11806,11506],{"class":34},[28,11808,39],{"class":38},[28,11810,9617],{"class":93},[1109,11812,11813],{"id":11163},[25,11814,11101],{},[177,11816,11817,11820,11823],{},[180,11818,11819],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[180,11821,11822],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[180,11824,11825],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1109,11827,11828],{"id":11230},[25,11829,11830],{},"my_dict = {}",[177,11832,11833,11836,11839],{},[180,11834,11835],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[180,11837,11838],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[180,11840,11841],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11843,11844,11845,385],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[381,11846,11848],{"href":11847},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[172,11850,11852],{"id":11851},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11854,11855,11856,11858],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[25,11857,11101],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[18,11860,11862],{"className":20,"code":11861,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[25,11863,11864,11897,11907,11911,11922,11926,11946,11966],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11865,11866,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11867,11868],{"class":34},"original ",[28,11870,39],{"class":38},[28,11872,10270],{"class":93},[28,11874,234],{"class":42},[28,11876,381],{"class":46},[28,11878,234],{"class":42},[28,11880,271],{"class":93},[28,11882,5273],{"class":97},[28,11884,2759],{"class":93},[28,11886,43],{"class":42},[28,11888,4533],{"class":46},[28,11890,234],{"class":42},[28,11892,271],{"class":93},[28,11894,2762],{"class":97},[28,11896,9087],{"class":93},[28,11898,11899,11902,11904],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11900,11901],{"class":34},"other_ref ",[28,11903,39],{"class":38},[28,11905,11906],{"class":34}," original\n",[28,11908,11909],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,11910,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11912,11913,11916,11918,11920],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,11914,11915],{"class":34},"original",[28,11917,385],{"class":93},[28,11919,11163],{"class":120},[28,11921,8420],{"class":93},[28,11923,11924],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,11925,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,11927,11928,11930,11932,11934,11937,11939,11941,11944],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,11929,115],{"class":114},[28,11931,94],{"class":93},[28,11933,234],{"class":42},[28,11935,11936],{"class":46},"original:",[28,11938,234],{"class":42},[28,11940,2759],{"class":93},[28,11942,11943],{"class":120}," original",[28,11945,101],{"class":93},[28,11947,11948,11950,11952,11954,11957,11959,11961,11964],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,11949,115],{"class":114},[28,11951,94],{"class":93},[28,11953,234],{"class":42},[28,11955,11956],{"class":46},"other_ref:",[28,11958,234],{"class":42},[28,11960,2759],{"class":93},[28,11962,11963],{"class":120}," other_ref",[28,11965,101],{"class":93},[28,11967,11968,11970,11972,11974,11977,11979],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,11969,115],{"class":114},[28,11971,94],{"class":93},[28,11973,11868],{"class":120},[28,11975,11976],{"class":3644},"is",[28,11978,11963],{"class":120},[28,11980,101],{"class":93},[14,11982,336],{},[18,11984,11986],{"className":20,"code":11985,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[25,11987,11988,11996,12005],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,11989,11990,11992,11994],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,11991,11915],{"class":34},[28,11993,271],{"class":93},[28,11995,9617],{"class":93},[28,11997,11998,12001,12003],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,11999,12000],{"class":34},"other_ref",[28,12002,271],{"class":93},[28,12004,9617],{"class":93},[28,12006,12007],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12008,3749],{"class":776},[14,12010,12011],{},"This shows:",[177,12013,12014,12021,12026],{},[180,12015,12016,1323,12018,12020],{},[25,12017,11915],{},[25,12019,12000],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[180,12022,12023,12025],{},[25,12024,11101],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[180,12027,12028],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12030,12031],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[18,12033,12035],{"className":20,"code":12034,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[25,12036,12037,12069,12077,12081,12089,12093,12111,12129],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12038,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12040,11868],{"class":34},[28,12042,39],{"class":38},[28,12044,10270],{"class":93},[28,12046,234],{"class":42},[28,12048,381],{"class":46},[28,12050,234],{"class":42},[28,12052,271],{"class":93},[28,12054,5273],{"class":97},[28,12056,2759],{"class":93},[28,12058,43],{"class":42},[28,12060,4533],{"class":46},[28,12062,234],{"class":42},[28,12064,271],{"class":93},[28,12066,2762],{"class":97},[28,12068,9087],{"class":93},[28,12070,12071,12073,12075],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12072,11901],{"class":34},[28,12074,39],{"class":38},[28,12076,11906],{"class":34},[28,12078,12079],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12080,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,12082,12083,12085,12087],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,12084,11868],{"class":34},[28,12086,39],{"class":38},[28,12088,9617],{"class":93},[28,12090,12091],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,12092,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,12094,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,12096,115],{"class":114},[28,12098,94],{"class":93},[28,12100,234],{"class":42},[28,12102,11936],{"class":46},[28,12104,234],{"class":42},[28,12106,2759],{"class":93},[28,12108,11943],{"class":120},[28,12110,101],{"class":93},[28,12112,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,12114,115],{"class":114},[28,12116,94],{"class":93},[28,12118,234],{"class":42},[28,12120,11956],{"class":46},[28,12122,234],{"class":42},[28,12124,2759],{"class":93},[28,12126,11963],{"class":120},[28,12128,101],{"class":93},[28,12130,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139,12141],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,12132,115],{"class":114},[28,12134,94],{"class":93},[28,12136,11868],{"class":120},[28,12138,11976],{"class":3644},[28,12140,11963],{"class":120},[28,12142,101],{"class":93},[14,12144,336],{},[18,12146,12148],{"className":20,"code":12147,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[25,12149,12150,12158,12190],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12151,12152,12154,12156],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12153,11915],{"class":34},[28,12155,271],{"class":93},[28,12157,9617],{"class":93},[28,12159,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12161,12000],{"class":34},[28,12163,271],{"class":93},[28,12165,10270],{"class":93},[28,12167,358],{"class":42},[28,12169,381],{"class":46},[28,12171,358],{"class":42},[28,12173,271],{"class":93},[28,12175,5273],{"class":97},[28,12177,2759],{"class":93},[28,12179,61],{"class":42},[28,12181,4533],{"class":46},[28,12183,358],{"class":42},[28,12185,271],{"class":93},[28,12187,2762],{"class":97},[28,12189,9087],{"class":93},[28,12191,12192],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12193,3810],{"class":776},[14,12195,1949],{},[177,12197,12198,12204],{},[180,12199,12200,12203],{},[25,12201,12202],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[180,12205,12206,12208],{},[25,12207,12000],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12210,12211,12212,385],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[381,12213,12215],{"href":12214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[25,12216,12217],{},"dict.copy()",[172,12219,4734,12221],{"id":12220},"when-to-use-clear",[25,12222,11101],{},[14,12224,12225,12227],{},[25,12226,11101],{}," is useful when you want to:",[177,12229,12230,12233,12236],{},[180,12231,12232],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[180,12234,12235],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[180,12237,12238],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12240,924],{},[18,12242,12244],{"className":20,"code":12243,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[25,12245,12246,12255,12271,12291,12304,12308,12312,12317,12328,12332],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12247,12248,12251,12253],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12249,12250],{"class":34},"session_data ",[28,12252,39],{"class":38},[28,12254,11274],{"class":93},[28,12256,12257,12259,12262,12264,12266,12269],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12258,11279],{"class":42},[28,12260,12261],{"class":46},"user_id",[28,12263,234],{"class":42},[28,12265,271],{"class":93},[28,12267,12268],{"class":97}," 101",[28,12270,11295],{"class":93},[28,12272,12273,12275,12278,12280,12282,12284,12287,12289],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12274,11279],{"class":42},[28,12276,12277],{"class":46},"theme",[28,12279,234],{"class":42},[28,12281,271],{"class":93},[28,12283,43],{"class":42},[28,12285,12286],{"class":46},"dark",[28,12288,234],{"class":42},[28,12290,11295],{"class":93},[28,12292,12293,12295,12298,12300,12302],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,12294,11279],{"class":42},[28,12296,12297],{"class":46},"logged_in",[28,12299,234],{"class":42},[28,12301,271],{"class":93},[28,12303,6199],{"class":776},[28,12305,12306],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,12307,9087],{"class":93},[28,12309,12310],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,12311,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,12313,12314],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,12315,12316],{"class":1006},"# Reset for a new session\n",[28,12318,12319,12322,12324,12326],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,12320,12321],{"class":34},"session_data",[28,12323,385],{"class":93},[28,12325,11163],{"class":120},[28,12327,8420],{"class":93},[28,12329,12330],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,12331,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,12333,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,12335,115],{"class":114},[28,12337,94],{"class":93},[28,12339,12321],{"class":120},[28,12341,3428],{"class":93},[28,12343,11178],{"class":1006},[14,12345,12346,12347,12353,12354,385,12358,12360,12361,385],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[381,12348,12350],{"href":12349},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[25,12351,12352],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[381,12355,12357],{"href":12356},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9625,12359],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[381,12362,12364],{"href":12363},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[25,12365,12366],{},"dict.popitem()",[172,12368,1104],{"id":1103},[14,12370,10527,12371,271],{},[25,12372,11101],{},[177,12374,12375,12381,12386,12389],{},[180,12376,12377,12378,12380],{},"Assigning the result of ",[25,12379,11101],{}," to a variable",[180,12382,8230,12383,12385],{},[25,12384,11101],{}," to return a new dictionary",[180,12387,12388],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[180,12390,12391],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12393,12394],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[18,12396,12398],{"className":20,"code":12397,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[25,12399,12400,12410,12424,12439],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12401,12402,12404,12406,12408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12403,115],{"class":114},[28,12405,94],{"class":93},[28,12407,11230],{"class":120},[28,12409,101],{"class":93},[28,12411,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12413,115],{"class":114},[28,12415,94],{"class":93},[28,12417,311],{"class":89},[28,12419,94],{"class":93},[28,12421,11230],{"class":120},[28,12423,318],{"class":93},[28,12425,12426,12428,12430,12433,12435,12437],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12427,115],{"class":114},[28,12429,94],{"class":93},[28,12431,12432],{"class":114},"id",[28,12434,94],{"class":93},[28,12436,11230],{"class":120},[28,12438,318],{"class":93},[28,12440,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,12442,115],{"class":114},[28,12444,94],{"class":93},[28,12446,11901],{"class":120},[28,12448,11976],{"class":3644},[28,12450,11548],{"class":120},[28,12452,101],{"class":93},[14,12454,12455],{},"What these show:",[177,12457,12458,12464,12470,12476],{},[180,12459,12460,12463],{},[25,12461,12462],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[180,12465,12466,12469],{},[25,12467,12468],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[180,12471,12472,12475],{},[25,12473,12474],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[180,12477,12478,12481],{},[25,12479,12480],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[172,12483,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,12485,12487,12488,12490],{"id":12486},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[25,12489,11101],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12492,12493],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1109,12495,4915,12497,12499],{"id":12496},"what-does-dictclear-return",[25,12498,11107],{}," return?",[14,12501,4921,12502,385],{},[25,12503,3546],{},[1109,12505,4953,12507,1323,12509,2262],{"id":12506},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[25,12508,11101],{},[25,12510,3560],{},[14,12512,12513,12515,12516,12518],{},[25,12514,11101],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[25,12517,3560],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1109,12520,12487,12522,12524],{"id":12521},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[25,12523,11101],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12526,12527],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[172,12529,1662],{"id":1661},[177,12531,12532,12536,12540,12547,12554,12561,12566],{},[180,12533,12534],{},[381,12535,8934],{"href":8933},[180,12537,12538],{},[381,12539,11022],{"href":9169},[180,12541,12542],{},[381,12543,10517,12544,1689],{"href":12349},[25,12545,12546],{},"pop()",[180,12548,12549],{},[381,12550,10517,12551,1689],{"href":12363},[25,12552,12553],{},"popitem()",[180,12555,12556],{},[381,12557,10517,12558,1689],{"href":12214},[25,12559,12560],{},"copy()",[180,12562,12563],{},[381,12564,12565],{"href":11847},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[180,12567,12568],{},[381,12569,12570],{"href":12356},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1699,12572,12573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":12575},[12576,12577,12579,12580,12581,12585,12590,12591,12593,12594,12604],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":11186,"depth":53,"text":12578},"What clear() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":11484,"depth":53,"text":12582,"children":12583},"What clear() returns",[12584],{"id":11597,"depth":70,"text":11598},{"id":11777,"depth":53,"text":12586,"children":12587},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12588,12589],{"id":11163,"depth":70,"text":11101},{"id":11230,"depth":70,"text":11830},{"id":11851,"depth":53,"text":11852},{"id":12220,"depth":53,"text":12592},"When to use clear()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":12595},[12596,12598,12600,12602],{"id":12486,"depth":70,"text":12597},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12496,"depth":70,"text":12599},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12506,"depth":70,"text":12601},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12521,"depth":70,"text":12603},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11092,"description":12605},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12612,"title":12613,"body":12614,"description":14783,"extension":1730,"meta":14784,"navigation":107,"path":14785,"seo":14786,"stem":14787,"__hash__":14788},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12615,"toc":14755},[12616,12621,12626,12636,12638,12727,12731,12772,12777,12784,12802,12811,12813,12834,12837,12849,12851,12930,12934,12975,12977,12980,13108,13112,13192,13195,13213,13216,13220,13226,13228,13239,13241,13436,13440,13546,13549,13567,13570,13577,13582,13586,13600,13602,13729,13733,13813,13826,13832,13835,13843,13847,13973,13977,14051,14056,14187,14191,14265,14268,14282,14286,14290,14304,14306,14442,14446,14515,14517,14522,14544,14547,14654,14657,14668,14675,14677,14683,14686,14693,14696,14703,14711,14715,14718,14720,14752],[10,12617,11098,12619,11102],{"id":12618},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[25,12620,12560],{},[14,12622,12623,12625],{},[25,12624,12217],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12627,12628,12629,12631,12632,12635],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[25,12630,12560],{}," makes a ",[163,12633,12634],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[172,12637,1771],{"id":1770},[18,12639,12641],{"className":20,"code":12640,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[25,12642,12643,12681,12698,12702,12713],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12644,12645,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12660,12662,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675,12677,12679],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12646,12647],{"class":34},"student ",[28,12649,39],{"class":38},[28,12651,10270],{"class":93},[28,12653,234],{"class":42},[28,12655,121],{"class":46},[28,12657,234],{"class":42},[28,12659,271],{"class":93},[28,12661,43],{"class":42},[28,12663,12664],{"class":46},"Ana",[28,12666,234],{"class":42},[28,12668,2759],{"class":93},[28,12670,43],{"class":42},[28,12672,835],{"class":46},[28,12674,234],{"class":42},[28,12676,271],{"class":93},[28,12678,7566],{"class":97},[28,12680,9087],{"class":93},[28,12682,12683,12686,12688,12691,12693,12696],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12684,12685],{"class":34},"student_copy ",[28,12687,39],{"class":38},[28,12689,12690],{"class":34}," student",[28,12692,385],{"class":93},[28,12694,12695],{"class":120},"copy",[28,12697,8420],{"class":93},[28,12699,12700],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12701,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,12703,12704,12706,12708,12711],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,12705,115],{"class":114},[28,12707,94],{"class":93},[28,12709,12710],{"class":120},"student_copy",[28,12712,101],{"class":93},[28,12714,12715,12717,12719,12721,12723,12725],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,12716,115],{"class":114},[28,12718,94],{"class":93},[28,12720,12685],{"class":120},[28,12722,11976],{"class":3644},[28,12724,12690],{"class":120},[28,12726,101],{"class":93},[14,12728,12729],{},[163,12730,336],{},[18,12732,12734],{"className":20,"code":12733,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[25,12735,12736,12768],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12737,12738,12740,12742,12744,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12739,9057],{"class":93},[28,12741,358],{"class":42},[28,12743,121],{"class":46},[28,12745,358],{"class":42},[28,12747,271],{"class":93},[28,12749,61],{"class":42},[28,12751,12664],{"class":46},[28,12753,358],{"class":42},[28,12755,2759],{"class":93},[28,12757,61],{"class":42},[28,12759,835],{"class":46},[28,12761,358],{"class":42},[28,12763,271],{"class":93},[28,12765,7566],{"class":97},[28,12767,9087],{"class":93},[28,12769,12770],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12771,3810],{"class":776},[14,12773,1631,12774,12776],{},[25,12775,12560],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[172,12778,12780,12781,12783],{"id":12779},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[25,12782,12560],{}," method does",[177,12785,12786,12791,12794,12799],{},[180,12787,12788,12790],{},[25,12789,12217],{}," returns a new dictionary",[180,12792,12793],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[180,12795,12796,12797],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[25,12798,12560],{},[180,12800,12801],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12803,12804,12805,474,12808,385],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[381,12806,8934],{"href":12807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[381,12809,9170],{"href":12810},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[172,12812,1927],{"id":1926},[18,12814,12816],{"className":20,"code":12815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[25,12817,12818],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12819,12820,12823,12825,12828,12830,12832],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12821,12822],{"class":34},"new_dict ",[28,12824,39],{"class":38},[28,12826,12827],{"class":34}," old_dict",[28,12829,385],{"class":93},[28,12831,12695],{"class":120},[28,12833,8420],{"class":93},[14,12835,12836],{},"Key points:",[177,12838,12839,12843,12846],{},[180,12840,12841,11246],{},[25,12842,12560],{},[180,12844,12845],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[180,12847,12848],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12850,924],{},[18,12852,12854],{"className":20,"code":12853,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[25,12855,12856,12899,12915,12919],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12857,12858,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873,12875,12878,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890,12892,12895,12897],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12859,12860],{"class":34},"colors ",[28,12862,39],{"class":38},[28,12864,10270],{"class":93},[28,12866,234],{"class":42},[28,12868,381],{"class":46},[28,12870,234],{"class":42},[28,12872,271],{"class":93},[28,12874,43],{"class":42},[28,12876,12877],{"class":46},"red",[28,12879,234],{"class":42},[28,12881,2759],{"class":93},[28,12883,43],{"class":42},[28,12885,4533],{"class":46},[28,12887,234],{"class":42},[28,12889,271],{"class":93},[28,12891,43],{"class":42},[28,12893,12894],{"class":46},"blue",[28,12896,234],{"class":42},[28,12898,9087],{"class":93},[28,12900,12901,12904,12906,12909,12911,12913],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,12902,12903],{"class":34},"new_colors ",[28,12905,39],{"class":38},[28,12907,12908],{"class":34}," colors",[28,12910,385],{"class":93},[28,12912,12695],{"class":120},[28,12914,8420],{"class":93},[28,12916,12917],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,12918,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,12920,12921,12923,12925,12928],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,12922,115],{"class":114},[28,12924,94],{"class":93},[28,12926,12927],{"class":120},"new_colors",[28,12929,101],{"class":93},[14,12931,12932],{},[163,12933,336],{},[18,12935,12937],{"className":20,"code":12936,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[25,12938,12939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12940,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12942,9057],{"class":93},[28,12944,358],{"class":42},[28,12946,381],{"class":46},[28,12948,358],{"class":42},[28,12950,271],{"class":93},[28,12952,61],{"class":42},[28,12954,12877],{"class":46},[28,12956,358],{"class":42},[28,12958,2759],{"class":93},[28,12960,61],{"class":42},[28,12962,4533],{"class":46},[28,12964,358],{"class":42},[28,12966,271],{"class":93},[28,12968,61],{"class":42},[28,12970,12894],{"class":46},[28,12972,358],{"class":42},[28,12974,9087],{"class":93},[172,12976,11256],{"id":11255},[14,12978,12979],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[18,12981,12983],{"className":20,"code":12982,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[25,12984,12985,13023,13039,13043,13065,13069,13088],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,12986,12987,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13019,13021],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,12988,12989],{"class":34},"person ",[28,12991,39],{"class":38},[28,12993,10270],{"class":93},[28,12995,234],{"class":42},[28,12997,121],{"class":46},[28,12999,234],{"class":42},[28,13001,271],{"class":93},[28,13003,43],{"class":42},[28,13005,13006],{"class":46},"Liam",[28,13008,234],{"class":42},[28,13010,2759],{"class":93},[28,13012,43],{"class":42},[28,13014,835],{"class":46},[28,13016,234],{"class":42},[28,13018,271],{"class":93},[28,13020,9084],{"class":97},[28,13022,9087],{"class":93},[28,13024,13025,13028,13030,13033,13035,13037],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13026,13027],{"class":34},"person_copy ",[28,13029,39],{"class":38},[28,13031,13032],{"class":34}," person",[28,13034,385],{"class":93},[28,13036,12695],{"class":120},[28,13038,8420],{"class":93},[28,13040,13041],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,13042,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13044,13045,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13059,13062],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,13046,13047],{"class":34},"person_copy",[28,13049,3669],{"class":93},[28,13051,234],{"class":42},[28,13053,835],{"class":46},[28,13055,234],{"class":42},[28,13057,13058],{"class":93},"]",[28,13060,13061],{"class":38}," =",[28,13063,13064],{"class":97}," 26\n",[28,13066,13067],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,13068,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13070,13071,13073,13075,13077,13080,13082,13084,13086],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,13072,115],{"class":114},[28,13074,94],{"class":93},[28,13076,234],{"class":42},[28,13078,13079],{"class":46},"Original:",[28,13081,234],{"class":42},[28,13083,2759],{"class":93},[28,13085,13032],{"class":120},[28,13087,101],{"class":93},[28,13089,13090,13092,13094,13096,13099,13101,13103,13106],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,13091,115],{"class":114},[28,13093,94],{"class":93},[28,13095,234],{"class":42},[28,13097,13098],{"class":46},"Copy:",[28,13100,234],{"class":42},[28,13102,2759],{"class":93},[28,13104,13105],{"class":120}," person_copy",[28,13107,101],{"class":93},[14,13109,13110],{},[163,13111,336],{},[18,13113,13115],{"className":20,"code":13114,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[25,13116,13117,13154],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13118,13119,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13120,13121],{"class":34},"Original",[28,13123,271],{"class":93},[28,13125,10270],{"class":93},[28,13127,358],{"class":42},[28,13129,121],{"class":46},[28,13131,358],{"class":42},[28,13133,271],{"class":93},[28,13135,61],{"class":42},[28,13137,13006],{"class":46},[28,13139,358],{"class":42},[28,13141,2759],{"class":93},[28,13143,61],{"class":42},[28,13145,835],{"class":46},[28,13147,358],{"class":42},[28,13149,271],{"class":93},[28,13151,9084],{"class":97},[28,13153,9087],{"class":93},[28,13155,13156,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13190],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13157,13158],{"class":34},"Copy",[28,13160,271],{"class":93},[28,13162,10270],{"class":93},[28,13164,358],{"class":42},[28,13166,121],{"class":46},[28,13168,358],{"class":42},[28,13170,271],{"class":93},[28,13172,61],{"class":42},[28,13174,13006],{"class":46},[28,13176,358],{"class":42},[28,13178,2759],{"class":93},[28,13180,61],{"class":42},[28,13182,835],{"class":46},[28,13184,358],{"class":42},[28,13186,271],{"class":93},[28,13188,13189],{"class":97}," 26",[28,13191,9087],{"class":93},[14,13193,13194],{},"What happened here:",[177,13196,13197,13203,13210],{},[180,13198,13199,13202],{},[25,13200,13201],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[180,13204,13205,13206,13209],{},"Changing ",[25,13207,13208],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[180,13211,13212],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13214,13215],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[172,13217,13219],{"id":13218},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13221,13222,12631,13224,385],{},[25,13223,12560],{},[163,13225,12634],{},[14,13227,1875],{},[177,13229,13230,13233,13236],{},[180,13231,13232],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[180,13234,13235],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[180,13237,13238],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13240,924],{},[18,13242,13244],{"className":20,"code":13243,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[25,13245,13246,13254,13272,13295,13299,13303,13317,13321,13346,13350,13368,13387,13402],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13247,13248,13250,13252],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13249,12647],{"class":34},[28,13251,39],{"class":38},[28,13253,11274],{"class":93},[28,13255,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13257,11279],{"class":42},[28,13259,121],{"class":46},[28,13261,234],{"class":42},[28,13263,271],{"class":93},[28,13265,43],{"class":42},[28,13267,12664],{"class":46},[28,13269,234],{"class":42},[28,13271,11295],{"class":93},[28,13273,13274,13276,13279,13281,13283,13285,13288,13290,13293],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,13275,11279],{"class":42},[28,13277,13278],{"class":46},"grades",[28,13280,234],{"class":42},[28,13282,271],{"class":93},[28,13284,3388],{"class":93},[28,13286,13287],{"class":97},"90",[28,13289,2759],{"class":93},[28,13291,13292],{"class":97}," 85",[28,13294,3401],{"class":93},[28,13296,13297],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,13298,9087],{"class":93},[28,13300,13301],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,13302,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13304,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,13306,12685],{"class":34},[28,13308,39],{"class":38},[28,13310,12690],{"class":34},[28,13312,385],{"class":93},[28,13314,12695],{"class":120},[28,13316,8420],{"class":93},[28,13318,13319],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,13320,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13322,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13336,13339,13341,13344],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,13324,12710],{"class":34},[28,13326,3669],{"class":93},[28,13328,234],{"class":42},[28,13330,13278],{"class":46},[28,13332,234],{"class":42},[28,13334,13335],{"class":93},"].",[28,13337,13338],{"class":120},"append",[28,13340,94],{"class":93},[28,13342,13343],{"class":97},"100",[28,13345,101],{"class":93},[28,13347,13348],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,13349,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13351,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,13353,115],{"class":114},[28,13355,94],{"class":93},[28,13357,234],{"class":42},[28,13359,13079],{"class":46},[28,13361,234],{"class":42},[28,13363,2759],{"class":93},[28,13365,12690],{"class":120},[28,13367,101],{"class":93},[28,13369,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13385],{"class":30,"line":11376},[28,13371,115],{"class":114},[28,13373,94],{"class":93},[28,13375,234],{"class":42},[28,13377,13098],{"class":46},[28,13379,234],{"class":42},[28,13381,2759],{"class":93},[28,13383,13384],{"class":120}," student_copy",[28,13386,101],{"class":93},[28,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400],{"class":30,"line":13389},12,[28,13391,115],{"class":114},[28,13393,94],{"class":93},[28,13395,12647],{"class":120},[28,13397,11976],{"class":3644},[28,13399,13384],{"class":120},[28,13401,101],{"class":93},[28,13403,13405,13407,13409,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434],{"class":30,"line":13404},13,[28,13406,115],{"class":114},[28,13408,94],{"class":93},[28,13410,13411],{"class":120},"student",[28,13413,3669],{"class":93},[28,13415,234],{"class":42},[28,13417,13278],{"class":46},[28,13419,234],{"class":42},[28,13421,13058],{"class":93},[28,13423,7872],{"class":3644},[28,13425,13384],{"class":120},[28,13427,3669],{"class":93},[28,13429,234],{"class":42},[28,13431,13278],{"class":46},[28,13433,234],{"class":42},[28,13435,3657],{"class":93},[14,13437,13438],{},[163,13439,336],{},[18,13441,13443],{"className":20,"code":13442,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[25,13444,13445,13492,13538,13542],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13446,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13448,13121],{"class":34},[28,13450,271],{"class":93},[28,13452,10270],{"class":93},[28,13454,358],{"class":42},[28,13456,121],{"class":46},[28,13458,358],{"class":42},[28,13460,271],{"class":93},[28,13462,61],{"class":42},[28,13464,12664],{"class":46},[28,13466,358],{"class":42},[28,13468,2759],{"class":93},[28,13470,61],{"class":42},[28,13472,13278],{"class":46},[28,13474,358],{"class":42},[28,13476,271],{"class":93},[28,13478,3388],{"class":93},[28,13480,13287],{"class":97},[28,13482,2759],{"class":93},[28,13484,13292],{"class":97},[28,13486,2759],{"class":93},[28,13488,9897],{"class":97},[28,13490,13491],{"class":93},"]}\n",[28,13493,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13495,13158],{"class":34},[28,13497,271],{"class":93},[28,13499,10270],{"class":93},[28,13501,358],{"class":42},[28,13503,121],{"class":46},[28,13505,358],{"class":42},[28,13507,271],{"class":93},[28,13509,61],{"class":42},[28,13511,12664],{"class":46},[28,13513,358],{"class":42},[28,13515,2759],{"class":93},[28,13517,61],{"class":42},[28,13519,13278],{"class":46},[28,13521,358],{"class":42},[28,13523,271],{"class":93},[28,13525,3388],{"class":93},[28,13527,13287],{"class":97},[28,13529,2759],{"class":93},[28,13531,13292],{"class":97},[28,13533,2759],{"class":93},[28,13535,9897],{"class":97},[28,13537,13491],{"class":93},[28,13539,13540],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,13541,3810],{"class":776},[28,13543,13544],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,13545,3749],{"class":776},[14,13547,13548],{},"Notice the difference:",[177,13550,13551,13559],{},[180,13552,13553,4556,13556,13558],{},[25,13554,13555],{},"student is student_copy",[25,13557,3441],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[180,13560,13561,4556,13564,13566],{},[25,13562,13563],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[25,13565,777],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13568,13569],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13571,13572,13573,385],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[381,13574,13576],{"href":13575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[172,13578,4734,13580],{"id":13579},"when-to-use-copy",[25,13581,12560],{},[14,13583,1631,13584,10381],{},[25,13585,12560],{},[177,13587,13588,13591,13594,13597],{},[180,13589,13590],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[180,13592,13593],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[180,13595,13596],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[180,13598,13599],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13601,924],{},[18,13603,13605],{"className":20,"code":13604,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[25,13606,13607,13646,13662,13666,13686,13690,13709],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13608,13609,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13637,13639,13641,13644],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13610,13611],{"class":34},"settings ",[28,13613,39],{"class":38},[28,13615,10270],{"class":93},[28,13617,234],{"class":42},[28,13619,12277],{"class":46},[28,13621,234],{"class":42},[28,13623,271],{"class":93},[28,13625,43],{"class":42},[28,13627,12286],{"class":46},[28,13629,234],{"class":42},[28,13631,2759],{"class":93},[28,13633,43],{"class":42},[28,13635,13636],{"class":46},"font_size",[28,13638,234],{"class":42},[28,13640,271],{"class":93},[28,13642,13643],{"class":97}," 14",[28,13645,9087],{"class":93},[28,13647,13648,13651,13653,13656,13658,13660],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13649,13650],{"class":34},"settings_backup ",[28,13652,39],{"class":38},[28,13654,13655],{"class":34}," settings",[28,13657,385],{"class":93},[28,13659,12695],{"class":120},[28,13661,8420],{"class":93},[28,13663,13664],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,13665,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13667,13668,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,13669,13670],{"class":34},"settings",[28,13672,3669],{"class":93},[28,13674,234],{"class":42},[28,13676,13636],{"class":46},[28,13678,234],{"class":42},[28,13680,13058],{"class":93},[28,13682,13061],{"class":38},[28,13684,13685],{"class":97}," 16\n",[28,13687,13688],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,13689,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13691,13692,13694,13696,13698,13701,13703,13705,13707],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,13693,115],{"class":114},[28,13695,94],{"class":93},[28,13697,234],{"class":42},[28,13699,13700],{"class":46},"Current:",[28,13702,234],{"class":42},[28,13704,2759],{"class":93},[28,13706,13655],{"class":120},[28,13708,101],{"class":93},[28,13710,13711,13713,13715,13717,13720,13722,13724,13727],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,13712,115],{"class":114},[28,13714,94],{"class":93},[28,13716,234],{"class":42},[28,13718,13719],{"class":46},"Backup:",[28,13721,234],{"class":42},[28,13723,2759],{"class":93},[28,13725,13726],{"class":120}," settings_backup",[28,13728,101],{"class":93},[14,13730,13731],{},[163,13732,336],{},[18,13734,13736],{"className":20,"code":13735,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[25,13737,13738,13776],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13739,13740,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13774],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13741,13742],{"class":34},"Current",[28,13744,271],{"class":93},[28,13746,10270],{"class":93},[28,13748,358],{"class":42},[28,13750,12277],{"class":46},[28,13752,358],{"class":42},[28,13754,271],{"class":93},[28,13756,61],{"class":42},[28,13758,12286],{"class":46},[28,13760,358],{"class":42},[28,13762,2759],{"class":93},[28,13764,61],{"class":42},[28,13766,13636],{"class":46},[28,13768,358],{"class":42},[28,13770,271],{"class":93},[28,13772,13773],{"class":97}," 16",[28,13775,9087],{"class":93},[28,13777,13778,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13779,13780],{"class":34},"Backup",[28,13782,271],{"class":93},[28,13784,10270],{"class":93},[28,13786,358],{"class":42},[28,13788,12277],{"class":46},[28,13790,358],{"class":42},[28,13792,271],{"class":93},[28,13794,61],{"class":42},[28,13796,12286],{"class":46},[28,13798,358],{"class":42},[28,13800,2759],{"class":93},[28,13802,61],{"class":42},[28,13804,13636],{"class":46},[28,13806,358],{"class":42},[28,13808,271],{"class":93},[28,13810,13643],{"class":97},[28,13812,9087],{"class":93},[14,13814,13815,13816,474,13822,385],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[381,13817,13819],{"href":13818},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[25,13820,13821],{},"dict.update()",[381,13823,13824],{"href":12607},[25,13825,11107],{},[172,13827,13829,13831],{"id":13828},"copy-vs-assignment",[25,13830,12560],{}," vs assignment",[14,13833,13834],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13836,8194,13837,13839,13840,13842],{},[25,13838,39],{}," does ",[163,13841,4402],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1109,13844,13846],{"id":13845},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[18,13848,13850],{"className":20,"code":13849,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[25,13851,13852,13884,13893,13897,13917,13921,13939,13959],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13853,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13855,11868],{"class":34},[28,13857,39],{"class":38},[28,13859,10270],{"class":93},[28,13861,234],{"class":42},[28,13863,1944],{"class":46},[28,13865,234],{"class":42},[28,13867,271],{"class":93},[28,13869,5273],{"class":97},[28,13871,2759],{"class":93},[28,13873,43],{"class":42},[28,13875,11527],{"class":46},[28,13877,234],{"class":42},[28,13879,271],{"class":93},[28,13881,2762],{"class":97},[28,13883,9087],{"class":93},[28,13885,13886,13889,13891],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,13887,13888],{"class":34},"assigned ",[28,13890,39],{"class":38},[28,13892,11906],{"class":34},[28,13894,13895],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,13896,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13898,13899,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,13900,13901],{"class":34},"assigned",[28,13903,3669],{"class":93},[28,13905,234],{"class":42},[28,13907,1944],{"class":46},[28,13909,234],{"class":42},[28,13911,13058],{"class":93},[28,13913,13061],{"class":38},[28,13915,13916],{"class":97}," 99\n",[28,13918,13919],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,13920,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,13922,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,13924,115],{"class":114},[28,13926,94],{"class":93},[28,13928,234],{"class":42},[28,13930,13079],{"class":46},[28,13932,234],{"class":42},[28,13934,2759],{"class":93},[28,13936,11943],{"class":120},[28,13938,101],{"class":93},[28,13940,13941,13943,13945,13947,13950,13952,13954,13957],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,13942,115],{"class":114},[28,13944,94],{"class":93},[28,13946,234],{"class":42},[28,13948,13949],{"class":46},"Assigned:",[28,13951,234],{"class":42},[28,13953,2759],{"class":93},[28,13955,13956],{"class":120}," assigned",[28,13958,101],{"class":93},[28,13960,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,13962,115],{"class":114},[28,13964,94],{"class":93},[28,13966,11868],{"class":120},[28,13968,11976],{"class":3644},[28,13970,13956],{"class":120},[28,13972,101],{"class":93},[14,13974,13975],{},[163,13976,336],{},[18,13978,13980],{"className":20,"code":13979,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[25,13981,13982,14014,14047],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,13983,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,13985,13121],{"class":34},[28,13987,271],{"class":93},[28,13989,10270],{"class":93},[28,13991,358],{"class":42},[28,13993,1944],{"class":46},[28,13995,358],{"class":42},[28,13997,271],{"class":93},[28,13999,9976],{"class":97},[28,14001,2759],{"class":93},[28,14003,61],{"class":42},[28,14005,11527],{"class":46},[28,14007,358],{"class":42},[28,14009,271],{"class":93},[28,14011,2762],{"class":97},[28,14013,9087],{"class":93},[28,14015,14016,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14017,14018],{"class":34},"Assigned",[28,14020,271],{"class":93},[28,14022,10270],{"class":93},[28,14024,358],{"class":42},[28,14026,1944],{"class":46},[28,14028,358],{"class":42},[28,14030,271],{"class":93},[28,14032,9976],{"class":97},[28,14034,2759],{"class":93},[28,14036,61],{"class":42},[28,14038,11527],{"class":46},[28,14040,358],{"class":42},[28,14042,271],{"class":93},[28,14044,2762],{"class":97},[28,14046,9087],{"class":93},[28,14048,14049],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,14050,3749],{"class":776},[1109,14052,8194,14054],{"id":14053},"using-copy",[25,14055,12560],{},[18,14057,14059],{"className":20,"code":14058,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[25,14060,14061,14093,14108,14112,14131,14135,14153,14173],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14062,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14064,11868],{"class":34},[28,14066,39],{"class":38},[28,14068,10270],{"class":93},[28,14070,234],{"class":42},[28,14072,1944],{"class":46},[28,14074,234],{"class":42},[28,14076,271],{"class":93},[28,14078,5273],{"class":97},[28,14080,2759],{"class":93},[28,14082,43],{"class":42},[28,14084,11527],{"class":46},[28,14086,234],{"class":42},[28,14088,271],{"class":93},[28,14090,2762],{"class":97},[28,14092,9087],{"class":93},[28,14094,14095,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14096,14097],{"class":34},"copied ",[28,14099,39],{"class":38},[28,14101,11943],{"class":34},[28,14103,385],{"class":93},[28,14105,12695],{"class":120},[28,14107,8420],{"class":93},[28,14109,14110],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,14111,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,14113,14114,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,14115,14116],{"class":34},"copied",[28,14118,3669],{"class":93},[28,14120,234],{"class":42},[28,14122,1944],{"class":46},[28,14124,234],{"class":42},[28,14126,13058],{"class":93},[28,14128,13061],{"class":38},[28,14130,13916],{"class":97},[28,14132,14133],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,14134,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,14136,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,14138,115],{"class":114},[28,14140,94],{"class":93},[28,14142,234],{"class":42},[28,14144,13079],{"class":46},[28,14146,234],{"class":42},[28,14148,2759],{"class":93},[28,14150,11943],{"class":120},[28,14152,101],{"class":93},[28,14154,14155,14157,14159,14161,14164,14166,14168,14171],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,14156,115],{"class":114},[28,14158,94],{"class":93},[28,14160,234],{"class":42},[28,14162,14163],{"class":46},"Copied:",[28,14165,234],{"class":42},[28,14167,2759],{"class":93},[28,14169,14170],{"class":120}," copied",[28,14172,101],{"class":93},[28,14174,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,14176,115],{"class":114},[28,14178,94],{"class":93},[28,14180,11868],{"class":120},[28,14182,11976],{"class":3644},[28,14184,14170],{"class":120},[28,14186,101],{"class":93},[14,14188,14189],{},[163,14190,336],{},[18,14192,14194],{"className":20,"code":14193,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[25,14195,14196,14228,14261],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14197,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14199,13121],{"class":34},[28,14201,271],{"class":93},[28,14203,10270],{"class":93},[28,14205,358],{"class":42},[28,14207,1944],{"class":46},[28,14209,358],{"class":42},[28,14211,271],{"class":93},[28,14213,5273],{"class":97},[28,14215,2759],{"class":93},[28,14217,61],{"class":42},[28,14219,11527],{"class":46},[28,14221,358],{"class":42},[28,14223,271],{"class":93},[28,14225,2762],{"class":97},[28,14227,9087],{"class":93},[28,14229,14230,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14231,14232],{"class":34},"Copied",[28,14234,271],{"class":93},[28,14236,10270],{"class":93},[28,14238,358],{"class":42},[28,14240,1944],{"class":46},[28,14242,358],{"class":42},[28,14244,271],{"class":93},[28,14246,9976],{"class":97},[28,14248,2759],{"class":93},[28,14250,61],{"class":42},[28,14252,11527],{"class":46},[28,14254,358],{"class":42},[28,14256,271],{"class":93},[28,14258,2762],{"class":97},[28,14260,9087],{"class":93},[28,14262,14263],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,14264,3810],{"class":776},[14,14266,14267],{},"Summary:",[177,14269,14270,14276],{},[180,14271,14272,14275],{},[25,14273,14274],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[180,14277,14278,14281],{},[25,14279,14280],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[172,14283,14285],{"id":14284},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14287,14288,271],{},[25,14289,12560],{},[177,14291,14292,14295,14298,14301],{},[180,14293,14294],{},"Returns a dictionary",[180,14296,14297],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[180,14299,14300],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[180,14302,14303],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14305,924],{},[18,14307,14309],{"className":20,"code":14308,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[25,14310,14311,14343,14359,14363,14381,14401,14405,14423],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14312,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14314,8944],{"class":34},[28,14316,39],{"class":38},[28,14318,10270],{"class":93},[28,14320,234],{"class":42},[28,14322,381],{"class":46},[28,14324,234],{"class":42},[28,14326,271],{"class":93},[28,14328,5273],{"class":97},[28,14330,2759],{"class":93},[28,14332,43],{"class":42},[28,14334,4533],{"class":46},[28,14336,234],{"class":42},[28,14338,271],{"class":93},[28,14340,2762],{"class":97},[28,14342,9087],{"class":93},[28,14344,14345,14348,14350,14353,14355,14357],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14346,14347],{"class":34},"data_copy ",[28,14349,39],{"class":38},[28,14351,14352],{"class":34}," data",[28,14354,385],{"class":93},[28,14356,12695],{"class":120},[28,14358,8420],{"class":93},[28,14360,14361],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,14362,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,14364,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,14366,8983],{"class":34},[28,14368,3669],{"class":93},[28,14370,234],{"class":42},[28,14372,381],{"class":46},[28,14374,234],{"class":42},[28,14376,13058],{"class":93},[28,14378,13061],{"class":38},[28,14380,1470],{"class":97},[28,14382,14383,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,14384,14385],{"class":34},"data_copy",[28,14387,3669],{"class":93},[28,14389,234],{"class":42},[28,14391,4533],{"class":46},[28,14393,234],{"class":42},[28,14395,13058],{"class":93},[28,14397,13061],{"class":38},[28,14399,14400],{"class":97}," 20\n",[28,14402,14403],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,14404,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,14406,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,14408,115],{"class":114},[28,14410,94],{"class":93},[28,14412,234],{"class":42},[28,14414,13079],{"class":46},[28,14416,234],{"class":42},[28,14418,2759],{"class":93},[28,14420,14352],{"class":120},[28,14422,101],{"class":93},[28,14424,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14440],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,14426,115],{"class":114},[28,14428,94],{"class":93},[28,14430,234],{"class":42},[28,14432,13098],{"class":46},[28,14434,234],{"class":42},[28,14436,2759],{"class":93},[28,14438,14439],{"class":120}," data_copy",[28,14441,101],{"class":93},[14,14443,14444],{},[163,14445,336],{},[18,14447,14449],{"className":20,"code":14448,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[25,14450,14451,14483],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14452,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14454,13121],{"class":34},[28,14456,271],{"class":93},[28,14458,10270],{"class":93},[28,14460,358],{"class":42},[28,14462,381],{"class":46},[28,14464,358],{"class":42},[28,14466,271],{"class":93},[28,14468,5781],{"class":97},[28,14470,2759],{"class":93},[28,14472,61],{"class":42},[28,14474,4533],{"class":46},[28,14476,358],{"class":42},[28,14478,271],{"class":93},[28,14480,2762],{"class":97},[28,14482,9087],{"class":93},[28,14484,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14486,13158],{"class":34},[28,14488,271],{"class":93},[28,14490,10270],{"class":93},[28,14492,358],{"class":42},[28,14494,381],{"class":46},[28,14496,358],{"class":42},[28,14498,271],{"class":93},[28,14500,5273],{"class":97},[28,14502,2759],{"class":93},[28,14504,61],{"class":42},[28,14506,4533],{"class":46},[28,14508,358],{"class":42},[28,14510,271],{"class":93},[28,14512,7566],{"class":97},[28,14514,9087],{"class":93},[172,14516,1104],{"id":1103},[14,14518,14519,14520,271],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[25,14521,12217],{},[177,14523,14524,14531,14536,14541],{},[180,14525,8194,14526,10871,14528,14530],{},[25,14527,39],{},[25,14529,12560],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[180,14532,1320,14533,14535],{},[25,14534,12560],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[180,14537,14538,14539],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[25,14540,12560],{},[180,14542,14543],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14545,14546],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[18,14548,14550],{"className":20,"code":14549,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[25,14551,14552,14562,14572,14586,14609,14632],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14553,14554,14556,14558,14560],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14555,115],{"class":114},[28,14557,94],{"class":93},[28,14559,11915],{"class":120},[28,14561,101],{"class":93},[28,14563,14564,14566,14568,14570],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14565,115],{"class":114},[28,14567,94],{"class":93},[28,14569,14116],{"class":120},[28,14571,101],{"class":93},[28,14573,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,14575,115],{"class":114},[28,14577,94],{"class":93},[28,14579,11868],{"class":120},[28,14581,11976],{"class":3644},[28,14583,14170],{"class":120},[28,14585,101],{"class":93},[28,14587,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14603,14605,14607],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,14589,115],{"class":114},[28,14591,94],{"class":93},[28,14593,12432],{"class":114},[28,14595,94],{"class":93},[28,14597,11915],{"class":120},[28,14599,9012],{"class":93},[28,14601,14602],{"class":114}," id",[28,14604,94],{"class":93},[28,14606,14116],{"class":120},[28,14608,318],{"class":93},[28,14610,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14628,14630],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,14612,115],{"class":114},[28,14614,94],{"class":93},[28,14616,12432],{"class":114},[28,14618,94],{"class":93},[28,14620,11915],{"class":120},[28,14622,3669],{"class":93},[28,14624,234],{"class":42},[28,14626,14627],{"class":46},"key",[28,14629,234],{"class":42},[28,14631,2769],{"class":93},[28,14633,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,14635,115],{"class":114},[28,14637,94],{"class":93},[28,14639,12432],{"class":114},[28,14641,94],{"class":93},[28,14643,14116],{"class":120},[28,14645,3669],{"class":93},[28,14647,234],{"class":42},[28,14649,14627],{"class":46},[28,14651,234],{"class":42},[28,14653,2769],{"class":93},[14,14655,14656],{},"What these help you check:",[177,14658,14659,14662,14665],{},[180,14660,14661],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[180,14663,14664],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[180,14666,14667],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14669,14670,14671,385],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[381,14672,14674],{"href":14673},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[172,14676,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,14678,12487,14680,14682],{"id":14679},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[25,14681,12217],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14684,14685],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1109,14687,14689,14690,14692],{"id":14688},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[25,14691,12217],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14694,14695],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1109,14697,4953,14699,1323,14701,2262],{"id":14698},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[25,14700,12560],{},[25,14702,39],{},[14,14704,14705,14707,14708,14710],{},[25,14706,12560],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[25,14709,39],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1109,14712,14714],{"id":14713},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14716,14717],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[172,14719,1662],{"id":1661},[177,14721,14722,14726,14730,14734,14741,14747],{},[180,14723,14724],{},[381,14725,11022],{"href":12810},[180,14727,14728],{},[381,14729,8934],{"href":12807},[180,14731,14732],{},[381,14733,13576],{"href":13575},[180,14735,14736],{},[381,14737,10517,14738,1689],{"href":13818},[25,14739,14740],{},"update()",[180,14742,14743],{},[381,14744,10517,14745,1689],{"href":12607},[25,14746,11101],{},[180,14748,14749],{},[381,14750,14751],{"href":14673},"How to copy a list in Python",[1699,14753,14754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":14756},[14757,14758,14760,14761,14762,14763,14765,14771,14772,14773,14782],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":12779,"depth":53,"text":14759},"What the copy() method does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":13218,"depth":53,"text":13219},{"id":13579,"depth":53,"text":14764},"When to use copy()",{"id":13828,"depth":53,"text":14766,"children":14767},"copy() vs assignment",[14768,14769],{"id":13845,"depth":70,"text":13846},{"id":14053,"depth":70,"text":14770},"Using copy()",{"id":14284,"depth":53,"text":14285},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":14774},[14775,14777,14779,14781],{"id":14679,"depth":70,"text":14776},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14688,"depth":70,"text":14778},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14698,"depth":70,"text":14780},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14713,"depth":70,"text":14714},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12613,"description":14783},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14790,"title":14791,"body":14792,"description":16989,"extension":1730,"meta":16990,"navigation":107,"path":12810,"seo":16991,"stem":16992,"__hash__":16993},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14793,"toc":16951},[14794,14797,14803,14812,14814,14890,14894,14943,14946,14948,14962,14965,14969,14982,14985,15018,15032,15035,15047,15051,15054,15062,15142,15146,15199,15203,15221,15223,15305,15308,15310,15313,15316,15339,15363,15367,15375,15378,15382,15391,15396,15454,15458,15491,15497,15503,15506,15561,15565,15615,15618,15624,15627,15635,15637,15682,15687,15696,15699,15702,15749,15751,15756,15759,15853,15857,15910,15913,15969,15972,15976,15979,15993,15997,16063,16067,16092,16095,16099,16177,16181,16184,16187,16207,16210,16263,16267,16270,16273,16286,16288,16377,16384,16387,16398,16400,16403,16423,16427,16430,16439,16442,16481,16485,16487,16496,16505,16507,16545,16549,16596,16600,16621,16625,16628,16740,16745,16843,16865,16867,16871,16878,16882,16888,16892,16895,16899,16902,16909,16917,16919,16945,16948],[10,14795,14791],{"id":14796},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14798,14799,14800,14802],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[163,14801,8910],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14804,14805,14806,474,14808,385],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[381,14807,8934],{"href":8933},[381,14809,14811],{"href":14810},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[172,14813,1771],{"id":1770},[18,14815,14817],{"className":20,"code":14816,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[25,14818,14819,14827,14845,14859,14872,14876,14880],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14820,14821,14823,14825],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14822,12647],{"class":34},[28,14824,39],{"class":38},[28,14826,11274],{"class":93},[28,14828,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,14830,11279],{"class":42},[28,14832,121],{"class":46},[28,14834,234],{"class":42},[28,14836,271],{"class":93},[28,14838,43],{"class":42},[28,14840,12664],{"class":46},[28,14842,234],{"class":42},[28,14844,11295],{"class":93},[28,14846,14847,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,14848,11279],{"class":42},[28,14850,835],{"class":46},[28,14852,234],{"class":42},[28,14854,271],{"class":93},[28,14856,7566],{"class":97},[28,14858,11295],{"class":93},[28,14860,14861,14863,14866,14868,14870],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,14862,11279],{"class":42},[28,14864,14865],{"class":46},"is_active",[28,14867,234],{"class":42},[28,14869,271],{"class":93},[28,14871,6199],{"class":776},[28,14873,14874],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,14875,9087],{"class":93},[28,14877,14878],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,14879,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,14881,14882,14884,14886,14888],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,14883,115],{"class":114},[28,14885,94],{"class":93},[28,14887,13411],{"class":120},[28,14889,101],{"class":93},[14,14891,14892],{},[163,14893,336],{},[18,14895,14897],{"className":20,"code":14896,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[25,14898,14899],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14900,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14902,9057],{"class":93},[28,14904,358],{"class":42},[28,14906,121],{"class":46},[28,14908,358],{"class":42},[28,14910,271],{"class":93},[28,14912,61],{"class":42},[28,14914,12664],{"class":46},[28,14916,358],{"class":42},[28,14918,2759],{"class":93},[28,14920,61],{"class":42},[28,14922,835],{"class":46},[28,14924,358],{"class":42},[28,14926,271],{"class":93},[28,14928,7566],{"class":97},[28,14930,2759],{"class":93},[28,14932,61],{"class":42},[28,14934,14865],{"class":46},[28,14936,358],{"class":42},[28,14938,271],{"class":93},[28,14940,3685],{"class":776},[28,14942,9087],{"class":93},[14,14944,14945],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[172,14947,175],{"id":174},[177,14949,14950,14953,14956,14959],{},[180,14951,14952],{},"What a dictionary is",[180,14954,14955],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[180,14957,14958],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[180,14960,14961],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[172,14963,14952],{"id":14964},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,14966,8907,14967,385],{},[163,14968,8910],{},[177,14970,14971,14977],{},[180,14972,14973,14974,14976],{},"A ",[163,14975,14627],{}," is the label",[180,14978,14973,14979,14981],{},[163,14980,2242],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,14983,14984],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[18,14986,14988],{"className":20,"code":14987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[25,14989,14990,14998,15014],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,14991,14992,14994,14996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,14993,12647],{"class":34},[28,14995,39],{"class":38},[28,14997,11274],{"class":93},[28,14999,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15001,11279],{"class":42},[28,15003,121],{"class":46},[28,15005,234],{"class":42},[28,15007,271],{"class":93},[28,15009,43],{"class":42},[28,15011,12664],{"class":46},[28,15013,50],{"class":42},[28,15015,15016],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,15017,9087],{"class":93},[177,15019,15020,15026],{},[180,15021,15022,15025],{},[25,15023,15024],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[180,15027,15028,15031],{},[25,15029,15030],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15033,15034],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[177,15036,15037,15039,15041,15044],{},[180,15038,121],{},[180,15040,835],{},[180,15042,15043],{},"email",[180,15045,15046],{},"country",[172,15048,15050],{"id":15049},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15052,15053],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15055,1631,15056,15058,15059,385],{},[25,15057,3560],{}," and write each item as ",[25,15060,15061],{},"key: value",[18,15063,15065],{"className":20,"code":15064,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[25,15066,15067,15075,15093,15107,15124,15128,15132],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15068,15069,15071,15073],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15070,12647],{"class":34},[28,15072,39],{"class":38},[28,15074,11274],{"class":93},[28,15076,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15078,11279],{"class":42},[28,15080,121],{"class":46},[28,15082,234],{"class":42},[28,15084,271],{"class":93},[28,15086,43],{"class":42},[28,15088,12664],{"class":46},[28,15090,234],{"class":42},[28,15092,11295],{"class":93},[28,15094,15095,15097,15099,15101,15103,15105],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,15096,11279],{"class":42},[28,15098,835],{"class":46},[28,15100,234],{"class":42},[28,15102,271],{"class":93},[28,15104,7566],{"class":97},[28,15106,11295],{"class":93},[28,15108,15109,15111,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,15110,11279],{"class":42},[28,15112,15113],{"class":46},"course",[28,15115,234],{"class":42},[28,15117,271],{"class":93},[28,15119,43],{"class":42},[28,15121,892],{"class":46},[28,15123,50],{"class":42},[28,15125,15126],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,15127,9087],{"class":93},[28,15129,15130],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,15131,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,15133,15134,15136,15138,15140],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,15135,115],{"class":114},[28,15137,94],{"class":93},[28,15139,13411],{"class":120},[28,15141,101],{"class":93},[14,15143,15144],{},[163,15145,336],{},[18,15147,15149],{"className":20,"code":15148,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[25,15150,15151],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15152,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195,15197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15154,9057],{"class":93},[28,15156,358],{"class":42},[28,15158,121],{"class":46},[28,15160,358],{"class":42},[28,15162,271],{"class":93},[28,15164,61],{"class":42},[28,15166,12664],{"class":46},[28,15168,358],{"class":42},[28,15170,2759],{"class":93},[28,15172,61],{"class":42},[28,15174,835],{"class":46},[28,15176,358],{"class":42},[28,15178,271],{"class":93},[28,15180,7566],{"class":97},[28,15182,2759],{"class":93},[28,15184,61],{"class":42},[28,15186,15113],{"class":46},[28,15188,358],{"class":42},[28,15190,271],{"class":93},[28,15192,61],{"class":42},[28,15194,892],{"class":46},[28,15196,358],{"class":42},[28,15198,9087],{"class":93},[1109,15200,15202],{"id":15201},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[177,15204,15205,15210,15215,15218],{},[180,15206,1631,15207,15209],{},[25,15208,3560],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[180,15211,15212,15213],{},"Write each item as ",[25,15214,15061],{},[180,15216,15217],{},"Separate items with commas",[180,15219,15220],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15222,924],{},[18,15224,15226],{"className":20,"code":15225,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[25,15227,15228,15237,15257,15273,15286,15290,15294],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15229,15230,15233,15235],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15231,15232],{"class":34},"book ",[28,15234,39],{"class":38},[28,15236,11274],{"class":93},[28,15238,15239,15241,15244,15246,15248,15250,15253,15255],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15240,11279],{"class":42},[28,15242,15243],{"class":46},"title",[28,15245,234],{"class":42},[28,15247,271],{"class":93},[28,15249,43],{"class":42},[28,15251,15252],{"class":46},"Python Basics",[28,15254,234],{"class":42},[28,15256,11295],{"class":93},[28,15258,15259,15261,15264,15266,15268,15271],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,15260,11279],{"class":42},[28,15262,15263],{"class":46},"pages",[28,15265,234],{"class":42},[28,15267,271],{"class":93},[28,15269,15270],{"class":97}," 150",[28,15272,11295],{"class":93},[28,15274,15275,15277,15280,15282,15284],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,15276,11279],{"class":42},[28,15278,15279],{"class":46},"available",[28,15281,234],{"class":42},[28,15283,271],{"class":93},[28,15285,6199],{"class":776},[28,15287,15288],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,15289,9087],{"class":93},[28,15291,15292],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,15293,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,15295,15296,15298,15300,15303],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,15297,115],{"class":114},[28,15299,94],{"class":93},[28,15301,15302],{"class":120},"book",[28,15304,101],{"class":93},[14,15306,15307],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[172,15309,9181],{"id":9180},[14,15311,15312],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15314,15315],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[18,15317,15319],{"className":20,"code":15318,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[25,15320,15321,15329],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15322,15323,15325,15327],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15324,8944],{"class":34},[28,15326,39],{"class":38},[28,15328,9617],{"class":93},[28,15330,15331,15333,15335,15337],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15332,115],{"class":114},[28,15334,94],{"class":93},[28,15336,8983],{"class":120},[28,15338,101],{"class":93},[18,15340,15341],{"className":20,"code":9184,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,15342,15343,15353],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15344,15345,15347,15349,15351],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15346,8944],{"class":34},[28,15348,39],{"class":38},[28,15350,8949],{"class":89},[28,15352,8420],{"class":93},[28,15354,15355,15357,15359,15361],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15356,115],{"class":114},[28,15358,94],{"class":93},[28,15360,8983],{"class":120},[28,15362,101],{"class":93},[14,15364,15365],{},[163,15366,336],{},[18,15368,15369],{"className":20,"code":9213,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,15370,15371],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15372,15373],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15374,9213],{"class":93},[14,15376,15377],{},"Both are correct.",[1109,15379,15381],{"id":15380},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15383,15384,15386,15387,15390],{},[25,15385,3560],{}," creates an empty ",[163,15388,15389],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15392,15393,15394,385],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[25,15395,3565],{},[18,15397,15399],{"className":20,"code":15398,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[25,15400,15401,15409,15421,15425,15439],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15402,15403,15405,15407],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15404,11506],{"class":34},[28,15406,39],{"class":38},[28,15408,9617],{"class":93},[28,15410,15411,15414,15416,15419],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15412,15413],{"class":34},"my_set ",[28,15415,39],{"class":38},[28,15417,15418],{"class":89}," set",[28,15420,8420],{"class":93},[28,15422,15423],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,15424,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,15426,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,15428,115],{"class":114},[28,15430,94],{"class":93},[28,15432,311],{"class":89},[28,15434,94],{"class":93},[28,15436,11230],{"class":120},[28,15438,318],{"class":93},[28,15440,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15452],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,15442,115],{"class":114},[28,15444,94],{"class":93},[28,15446,311],{"class":89},[28,15448,94],{"class":93},[28,15450,15451],{"class":120},"my_set",[28,15453,318],{"class":93},[14,15455,15456],{},[163,15457,336],{},[18,15459,15461],{"className":20,"code":15460,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[25,15462,15463,15477],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15464,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15466,346],{"class":38},[28,15468,350],{"class":349},[28,15470,61],{"class":42},[28,15472,8599],{"class":46},[28,15474,358],{"class":42},[28,15476,361],{"class":38},[28,15478,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15480,346],{"class":38},[28,15482,350],{"class":349},[28,15484,61],{"class":42},[28,15486,6063],{"class":46},[28,15488,358],{"class":42},[28,15490,361],{"class":38},[172,15492,15494,15495],{"id":15493},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[25,15496,8898],{},[14,15498,15499,15500,15502],{},"You can also use ",[25,15501,8898],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15504,15505],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[18,15507,15509],{"className":20,"code":15508,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[25,15510,15511,15551],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15512,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15540,15542,15545,15547,15549],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15514,12647],{"class":34},[28,15516,39],{"class":38},[28,15518,8949],{"class":89},[28,15520,94],{"class":93},[28,15522,121],{"class":8954},[28,15524,39],{"class":38},[28,15526,234],{"class":42},[28,15528,12664],{"class":46},[28,15530,234],{"class":42},[28,15532,2759],{"class":93},[28,15534,8967],{"class":8954},[28,15536,39],{"class":38},[28,15538,15539],{"class":97},"20",[28,15541,2759],{"class":93},[28,15543,15544],{"class":8954}," active",[28,15546,39],{"class":38},[28,15548,777],{"class":776},[28,15550,101],{"class":93},[28,15552,15553,15555,15557,15559],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15554,115],{"class":114},[28,15556,94],{"class":93},[28,15558,13411],{"class":120},[28,15560,101],{"class":93},[14,15562,15563],{},[163,15564,336],{},[18,15566,15568],{"className":20,"code":15567,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[25,15569,15570],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15571,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15607,15609,15611,15613],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15573,9057],{"class":93},[28,15575,358],{"class":42},[28,15577,121],{"class":46},[28,15579,358],{"class":42},[28,15581,271],{"class":93},[28,15583,61],{"class":42},[28,15585,12664],{"class":46},[28,15587,358],{"class":42},[28,15589,2759],{"class":93},[28,15591,61],{"class":42},[28,15593,835],{"class":46},[28,15595,358],{"class":42},[28,15597,271],{"class":93},[28,15599,7566],{"class":97},[28,15601,2759],{"class":93},[28,15603,61],{"class":42},[28,15605,15606],{"class":46},"active",[28,15608,358],{"class":42},[28,15610,271],{"class":93},[28,15612,3685],{"class":776},[28,15614,9087],{"class":93},[14,15616,15617],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1109,15619,15621,15622],{"id":15620},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[25,15623,8898],{},[14,15625,15626],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[177,15628,15629,15632],{},[180,15630,15631],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[180,15633,15634],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15636,6463],{},[18,15638,15640],{"className":20,"code":15639,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[25,15641,15642,15672],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15643,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15645,11269],{"class":34},[28,15647,39],{"class":38},[28,15649,8949],{"class":89},[28,15651,94],{"class":93},[28,15653,121],{"class":8954},[28,15655,39],{"class":38},[28,15657,234],{"class":42},[28,15659,7452],{"class":46},[28,15661,234],{"class":42},[28,15663,2759],{"class":93},[28,15665,8967],{"class":8954},[28,15667,39],{"class":38},[28,15669,8972],{"class":97},[28,15671,101],{"class":93},[28,15673,15674,15676,15678,15680],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15675,115],{"class":114},[28,15677,94],{"class":93},[28,15679,11363],{"class":120},[28,15681,101],{"class":93},[14,15683,4399,15684,15686],{},[163,15685,4402],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[18,15688,15690],{"className":20,"code":15689,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[25,15691,15692],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15693,15694],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15695,15689],{"class":1006},[14,15697,15698],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15700,15701],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[18,15703,15705],{"className":20,"code":15704,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[25,15706,15707,15715,15731,15735,15739],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15708,15709,15711,15713],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15710,11269],{"class":34},[28,15712,39],{"class":38},[28,15714,11274],{"class":93},[28,15716,15717,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727,15729],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15718,11279],{"class":42},[28,15720,10275],{"class":46},[28,15722,234],{"class":42},[28,15724,271],{"class":93},[28,15726,43],{"class":42},[28,15728,7452],{"class":46},[28,15730,50],{"class":42},[28,15732,15733],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,15734,9087],{"class":93},[28,15736,15737],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,15738,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,15740,15741,15743,15745,15747],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,15742,115],{"class":114},[28,15744,94],{"class":93},[28,15746,11363],{"class":120},[28,15748,101],{"class":93},[172,15750,9223],{"id":9222},[14,15752,15753,15755],{},[25,15754,8898],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15757,15758],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[18,15760,15762],{"className":20,"code":15761,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[25,15763,15764,15821,15825,15839,15843],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15765,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15817,15819],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15767,8994],{"class":34},[28,15769,39],{"class":38},[28,15771,8999],{"class":93},[28,15773,234],{"class":42},[28,15775,121],{"class":46},[28,15777,234],{"class":42},[28,15779,2759],{"class":93},[28,15781,43],{"class":42},[28,15783,12664],{"class":46},[28,15785,234],{"class":42},[28,15787,9012],{"class":93},[28,15789,9015],{"class":93},[28,15791,234],{"class":42},[28,15793,835],{"class":46},[28,15795,234],{"class":42},[28,15797,2759],{"class":93},[28,15799,7566],{"class":97},[28,15801,9012],{"class":93},[28,15803,9015],{"class":93},[28,15805,234],{"class":42},[28,15807,10188],{"class":46},[28,15809,234],{"class":42},[28,15811,2759],{"class":93},[28,15813,43],{"class":42},[28,15815,15816],{"class":46},"Lima",[28,15818,234],{"class":42},[28,15820,9028],{"class":93},[28,15822,15823],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15824,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,15826,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,15828,12647],{"class":34},[28,15830,39],{"class":38},[28,15832,8949],{"class":89},[28,15834,94],{"class":93},[28,15836,9041],{"class":120},[28,15838,101],{"class":93},[28,15840,15841],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,15842,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,15844,15845,15847,15849,15851],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,15846,115],{"class":114},[28,15848,94],{"class":93},[28,15850,13411],{"class":120},[28,15852,101],{"class":93},[14,15854,15855],{},[163,15856,336],{},[18,15858,15860],{"className":20,"code":15859,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[25,15861,15862],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15863,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15865,9057],{"class":93},[28,15867,358],{"class":42},[28,15869,121],{"class":46},[28,15871,358],{"class":42},[28,15873,271],{"class":93},[28,15875,61],{"class":42},[28,15877,12664],{"class":46},[28,15879,358],{"class":42},[28,15881,2759],{"class":93},[28,15883,61],{"class":42},[28,15885,835],{"class":46},[28,15887,358],{"class":42},[28,15889,271],{"class":93},[28,15891,7566],{"class":97},[28,15893,2759],{"class":93},[28,15895,61],{"class":42},[28,15897,10188],{"class":46},[28,15899,358],{"class":42},[28,15901,271],{"class":93},[28,15903,61],{"class":42},[28,15905,15816],{"class":46},[28,15907,358],{"class":42},[28,15909,9087],{"class":93},[14,15911,15912],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[18,15914,15916],{"className":20,"code":15915,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[25,15917,15918,15959],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,15919,15920,15922,15924,15926,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,15921,12647],{"class":34},[28,15923,39],{"class":38},[28,15925,8949],{"class":89},[28,15927,15928],{"class":93},"(((",[28,15930,234],{"class":42},[28,15932,121],{"class":46},[28,15934,234],{"class":42},[28,15936,2759],{"class":93},[28,15938,43],{"class":42},[28,15940,12664],{"class":46},[28,15942,234],{"class":42},[28,15944,9012],{"class":93},[28,15946,9015],{"class":93},[28,15948,234],{"class":42},[28,15950,835],{"class":46},[28,15952,234],{"class":42},[28,15954,2759],{"class":93},[28,15956,7566],{"class":97},[28,15958,2679],{"class":93},[28,15960,15961,15963,15965,15967],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,15962,115],{"class":114},[28,15964,94],{"class":93},[28,15966,13411],{"class":120},[28,15968,101],{"class":93},[14,15970,15971],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[172,15973,15975],{"id":15974},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,15977,15978],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[177,15980,15981,15984,15987,15990],{},[180,15982,15983],{},"Keys must be unique",[180,15985,15986],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[180,15988,15989],{},"Values can repeat",[180,15991,15992],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1109,15994,15996],{"id":15995},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[18,15998,16000],{"className":20,"code":15999,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[25,16001,16002,16010,16028,16045,16049,16053],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16003,16004,16006,16008],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16005,8944],{"class":34},[28,16007,39],{"class":38},[28,16009,11274],{"class":93},[28,16011,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16013,11279],{"class":42},[28,16015,121],{"class":46},[28,16017,234],{"class":42},[28,16019,271],{"class":93},[28,16021,43],{"class":42},[28,16023,12664],{"class":46},[28,16025,234],{"class":42},[28,16027,11295],{"class":93},[28,16029,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16043],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16031,11279],{"class":42},[28,16033,121],{"class":46},[28,16035,234],{"class":42},[28,16037,271],{"class":93},[28,16039,43],{"class":42},[28,16041,16042],{"class":46},"Maria",[28,16044,50],{"class":42},[28,16046,16047],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,16048,9087],{"class":93},[28,16050,16051],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,16052,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,16054,16055,16057,16059,16061],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,16056,115],{"class":114},[28,16058,94],{"class":93},[28,16060,8983],{"class":120},[28,16062,101],{"class":93},[14,16064,16065],{},[163,16066,336],{},[18,16068,16070],{"className":20,"code":16069,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[25,16071,16072],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16073,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16075,9057],{"class":93},[28,16077,358],{"class":42},[28,16079,121],{"class":46},[28,16081,358],{"class":42},[28,16083,271],{"class":93},[28,16085,61],{"class":42},[28,16087,16042],{"class":46},[28,16089,358],{"class":42},[28,16091,9087],{"class":93},[14,16093,16094],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1109,16096,16098],{"id":16097},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[18,16100,16102],{"className":20,"code":16101,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[25,16103,16104,16112,16128,16144,16158,16162,16166],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16105,16106,16108,16110],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16107,4836],{"class":34},[28,16109,39],{"class":38},[28,16111,11274],{"class":93},[28,16113,16114,16117,16119,16121,16124,16126],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16115,16116],{"class":97},"    1",[28,16118,271],{"class":93},[28,16120,43],{"class":42},[28,16122,16123],{"class":46},"low",[28,16125,234],{"class":42},[28,16127,11295],{"class":93},[28,16129,16130,16133,16135,16137,16140,16142],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16131,16132],{"class":97},"    2",[28,16134,271],{"class":93},[28,16136,43],{"class":42},[28,16138,16139],{"class":46},"medium",[28,16141,234],{"class":42},[28,16143,11295],{"class":93},[28,16145,16146,16149,16151,16153,16156],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,16147,16148],{"class":97},"    3",[28,16150,271],{"class":93},[28,16152,43],{"class":42},[28,16154,16155],{"class":46},"high",[28,16157,50],{"class":42},[28,16159,16160],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,16161,9087],{"class":93},[28,16163,16164],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,16165,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,16167,16168,16170,16172,16175],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,16169,115],{"class":114},[28,16171,94],{"class":93},[28,16173,16174],{"class":120},"scores",[28,16176,101],{"class":93},[1109,16178,16180],{"id":16179},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16182,16183],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16185,16186],{},"This will cause an error:",[18,16188,16190],{"className":20,"code":16189,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[25,16191,16192,16197,16202],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16193,16194],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16195,16196],{"class":1006},"# bad = {\n",[28,16198,16199],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16200,16201],{"class":1006},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[28,16203,16204],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16205,16206],{"class":1006},"# }\n",[14,16208,16209],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[18,16211,16213],{"className":20,"code":16212,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[25,16214,16215,16224,16244,16248,16252],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16216,16217,16220,16222],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16218,16219],{"class":34},"good ",[28,16221,39],{"class":38},[28,16223,11274],{"class":93},[28,16225,16226,16229,16231,16233,16235,16238,16240,16242],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16227,16228],{"class":93},"    (",[28,16230,2756],{"class":97},[28,16232,2759],{"class":93},[28,16234,2762],{"class":97},[28,16236,16237],{"class":93},"):",[28,16239,43],{"class":42},[28,16241,3415],{"class":46},[28,16243,50],{"class":42},[28,16245,16246],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16247,9087],{"class":93},[28,16249,16250],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,16251,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,16253,16254,16256,16258,16261],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,16255,115],{"class":114},[28,16257,94],{"class":93},[28,16259,16260],{"class":120},"good",[28,16262,101],{"class":93},[172,16264,16266],{"id":16265},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16268,16269],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16271,16272],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[177,16274,16275,16278,16280,16283],{},[180,16276,16277],{},"user data",[180,16279,13670],{},[180,16281,16282],{},"counters",[180,16284,16285],{},"lookups",[14,16287,924],{},[18,16289,16291],{"className":20,"code":16290,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[25,16292,16293,16301,16320,16339,16351,16355,16359],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16294,16295,16297,16299],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16296,11269],{"class":34},[28,16298,39],{"class":38},[28,16300,11274],{"class":93},[28,16302,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313,16316,16318],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16304,11279],{"class":42},[28,16306,7760],{"class":46},[28,16308,234],{"class":42},[28,16310,271],{"class":93},[28,16312,43],{"class":42},[28,16314,16315],{"class":46},"ana123",[28,16317,234],{"class":42},[28,16319,11295],{"class":93},[28,16321,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16335,16337],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16323,11279],{"class":42},[28,16325,15043],{"class":46},[28,16327,234],{"class":42},[28,16329,271],{"class":93},[28,16331,43],{"class":42},[28,16333,16334],{"class":46},"ana@example.com",[28,16336,234],{"class":42},[28,16338,11295],{"class":93},[28,16340,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,16342,11279],{"class":42},[28,16344,12297],{"class":46},[28,16346,234],{"class":42},[28,16348,271],{"class":93},[28,16350,6199],{"class":776},[28,16352,16353],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,16354,9087],{"class":93},[28,16356,16357],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,16358,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,16360,16361,16363,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,16362,115],{"class":114},[28,16364,94],{"class":93},[28,16366,11363],{"class":120},[28,16368,3669],{"class":93},[28,16370,234],{"class":42},[28,16372,15043],{"class":46},[28,16374,234],{"class":42},[28,16376,3657],{"class":93},[14,16378,16379,16380,385],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[381,16381,16383],{"href":16382},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16385,16386],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[177,16388,16389,16392,16395],{},[180,16390,16391],{},"labels are not needed",[180,16393,16394],{},"you mostly care about position",[180,16396,16397],{},"order matters more than named fields",[172,16399,1104],{"id":1103},[14,16401,16402],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[177,16404,16405,16408,16411,16414,16417],{},[180,16406,16407],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[180,16409,16410],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[180,16412,16413],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[180,16415,16416],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[180,16418,16419,16420,16422],{},"Mixing up ",[25,16421,3560],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1109,16424,16426],{"id":16425},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16428,16429],{},"Wrong:",[18,16431,16433],{"className":20,"code":16432,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[25,16434,16435],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16436,16437],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16438,16432],{"class":1006},[14,16440,16441],{},"Correct:",[18,16443,16445],{"className":20,"code":16444,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[25,16446,16447,16471],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16448,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16450,12647],{"class":34},[28,16452,39],{"class":38},[28,16454,10270],{"class":93},[28,16456,234],{"class":42},[28,16458,121],{"class":46},[28,16460,234],{"class":42},[28,16462,271],{"class":93},[28,16464,43],{"class":42},[28,16466,12664],{"class":46},[28,16468,234],{"class":42},[28,16470,9087],{"class":93},[28,16472,16473,16475,16477,16479],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16474,115],{"class":114},[28,16476,94],{"class":93},[28,16478,13411],{"class":120},[28,16480,101],{"class":93},[1109,16482,16484],{"id":16483},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16486,16429],{},[18,16488,16490],{"className":20,"code":16489,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[25,16491,16492],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16493,16494],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16495,16489],{"class":1006},[14,16497,16498,16499,16501,16502,16504],{},"This only works if ",[25,16500,121],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[25,16503,15024],{},", use quotes.",[14,16506,16441],{},[18,16508,16509],{"className":20,"code":16444,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,16510,16511,16535],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16512,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16531,16533],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16514,12647],{"class":34},[28,16516,39],{"class":38},[28,16518,10270],{"class":93},[28,16520,234],{"class":42},[28,16522,121],{"class":46},[28,16524,234],{"class":42},[28,16526,271],{"class":93},[28,16528,43],{"class":42},[28,16530,12664],{"class":46},[28,16532,234],{"class":42},[28,16534,9087],{"class":93},[28,16536,16537,16539,16541,16543],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16538,115],{"class":114},[28,16540,94],{"class":93},[28,16542,13411],{"class":120},[28,16544,101],{"class":93},[1109,16546,16548],{"id":16547},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[18,16550,16552],{"className":20,"code":16551,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[25,16553,16554,16586],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16555,16556,16558,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16557,8944],{"class":34},[28,16559,39],{"class":38},[28,16561,10270],{"class":93},[28,16563,234],{"class":42},[28,16565,835],{"class":46},[28,16567,234],{"class":42},[28,16569,271],{"class":93},[28,16571,7566],{"class":97},[28,16573,2759],{"class":93},[28,16575,43],{"class":42},[28,16577,835],{"class":46},[28,16579,234],{"class":42},[28,16581,271],{"class":93},[28,16583,7571],{"class":97},[28,16585,9087],{"class":93},[28,16587,16588,16590,16592,16594],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16589,115],{"class":114},[28,16591,94],{"class":93},[28,16593,8983],{"class":120},[28,16595,101],{"class":93},[14,16597,16598],{},[163,16599,336],{},[18,16601,16603],{"className":20,"code":16602,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'age': 30}\n",[25,16604,16605],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16606,16607,16609,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16608,9057],{"class":93},[28,16610,358],{"class":42},[28,16612,835],{"class":46},[28,16614,358],{"class":42},[28,16616,271],{"class":93},[28,16618,7571],{"class":97},[28,16620,9087],{"class":93},[172,16622,16624],{"id":16623},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16626,16627],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[18,16629,16631],{"className":20,"code":16630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[25,16632,16633,16669,16673,16683,16697,16712,16726],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16634,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16636,11506],{"class":34},[28,16638,39],{"class":38},[28,16640,10270],{"class":93},[28,16642,234],{"class":42},[28,16644,121],{"class":46},[28,16646,234],{"class":42},[28,16648,271],{"class":93},[28,16650,43],{"class":42},[28,16652,12664],{"class":46},[28,16654,234],{"class":42},[28,16656,2759],{"class":93},[28,16658,43],{"class":42},[28,16660,835],{"class":46},[28,16662,234],{"class":42},[28,16664,271],{"class":93},[28,16666,7566],{"class":97},[28,16668,9087],{"class":93},[28,16670,16671],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16672,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,16674,16675,16677,16679,16681],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16676,115],{"class":114},[28,16678,94],{"class":93},[28,16680,11230],{"class":120},[28,16682,101],{"class":93},[28,16684,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,16686,115],{"class":114},[28,16688,94],{"class":93},[28,16690,311],{"class":89},[28,16692,94],{"class":93},[28,16694,11230],{"class":120},[28,16696,318],{"class":93},[28,16698,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16710],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,16700,115],{"class":114},[28,16702,94],{"class":93},[28,16704,11230],{"class":120},[28,16706,385],{"class":93},[28,16708,16709],{"class":120},"keys",[28,16711,6970],{"class":93},[28,16713,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,16715,115],{"class":114},[28,16717,94],{"class":93},[28,16719,11230],{"class":120},[28,16721,385],{"class":93},[28,16723,5133],{"class":120},[28,16725,6970],{"class":93},[28,16727,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,16729,115],{"class":114},[28,16731,94],{"class":93},[28,16733,10941],{"class":114},[28,16735,94],{"class":93},[28,16737,11230],{"class":120},[28,16739,318],{"class":93},[14,16741,16742],{},[163,16743,16744],{},"Example output:",[18,16746,16748],{"className":20,"code":16747,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[25,16749,16750,16782,16796,16819,16838],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,16751,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16778,16780],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,16753,9057],{"class":93},[28,16755,358],{"class":42},[28,16757,121],{"class":46},[28,16759,358],{"class":42},[28,16761,271],{"class":93},[28,16763,61],{"class":42},[28,16765,12664],{"class":46},[28,16767,358],{"class":42},[28,16769,2759],{"class":93},[28,16771,61],{"class":42},[28,16773,835],{"class":46},[28,16775,358],{"class":42},[28,16777,271],{"class":93},[28,16779,7566],{"class":97},[28,16781,9087],{"class":93},[28,16783,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,16785,346],{"class":38},[28,16787,350],{"class":349},[28,16789,61],{"class":42},[28,16791,8599],{"class":46},[28,16793,358],{"class":42},[28,16795,361],{"class":38},[28,16797,16798,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,16799,16800],{"class":120},"dict_keys",[28,16802,2753],{"class":93},[28,16804,358],{"class":42},[28,16806,121],{"class":46},[28,16808,358],{"class":42},[28,16810,2759],{"class":93},[28,16812,61],{"class":42},[28,16814,835],{"class":46},[28,16816,358],{"class":42},[28,16818,3657],{"class":93},[28,16820,16821,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,16822,16823],{"class":120},"dict_values",[28,16825,2753],{"class":93},[28,16827,358],{"class":42},[28,16829,12664],{"class":46},[28,16831,358],{"class":42},[28,16833,2759],{"class":93},[28,16835,7566],{"class":97},[28,16837,3657],{"class":93},[28,16839,16840],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,16841,16842],{"class":97},"2\n",[14,16844,16845,16846,1959,16852,16858,16859,385],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[381,16847,10517,16849],{"href":16848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[25,16850,16851],{},"keys()",[381,16853,10517,16855],{"href":16854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[25,16856,16857],{},"values()",", and ",[381,16860,10517,16862],{"href":16861},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[25,16863,16864],{},"items()",[172,16866,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,16868,16870],{"id":16869},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16872,1631,16873,474,16875,16877],{},[25,16874,3560],{},[25,16876,8898],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1109,16879,16881],{"id":16880},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16883,16884,16885,385],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[25,16886,16887],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1109,16889,16891],{"id":16890},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16893,16894],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1109,16896,16898],{"id":16897},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16900,16901],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1109,16903,4953,16905,1323,16907,2262],{"id":16904},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[25,16906,3560],{},[25,16908,8898],{},[14,16910,16911,16913,16914,16916],{},[25,16912,3560],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[25,16915,8898],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[172,16918,1662],{"id":1661},[177,16920,16921,16925,16931,16935,16941],{},[180,16922,16923],{},[381,16924,8934],{"href":8933},[180,16926,16927],{},[381,16928,10517,16929,1689],{"href":10516},[25,16930,10520],{},[180,16932,16933],{},[381,16934,11031],{"href":10511},[180,16936,16937],{},[381,16938,16940],{"href":16939},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[180,16942,16943],{},[381,16944,11042],{"href":10853},[14,16946,16947],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1699,16949,16950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":16952},[16953,16954,16955,16956,16959,16962,16967,16968,16973,16974,16979,16980,16988],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":14964,"depth":53,"text":14952},{"id":15049,"depth":53,"text":15050,"children":16957},[16958],{"id":15201,"depth":70,"text":15202},{"id":9180,"depth":53,"text":9181,"children":16960},[16961],{"id":15380,"depth":70,"text":15381},{"id":15493,"depth":53,"text":16963,"children":16964},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16965],{"id":15620,"depth":70,"text":16966},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9222,"depth":53,"text":9223},{"id":15974,"depth":53,"text":15975,"children":16969},[16970,16971,16972],{"id":15995,"depth":70,"text":15996},{"id":16097,"depth":70,"text":16098},{"id":16179,"depth":70,"text":16180},{"id":16265,"depth":53,"text":16266},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":16975},[16976,16977,16978],{"id":16425,"depth":70,"text":16426},{"id":16483,"depth":70,"text":16484},{"id":16547,"depth":70,"text":16548},{"id":16623,"depth":53,"text":16624},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":16981},[16982,16983,16984,16985,16986],{"id":16869,"depth":70,"text":16870},{"id":16880,"depth":70,"text":16881},{"id":16890,"depth":70,"text":16891},{"id":16897,"depth":70,"text":16898},{"id":16904,"depth":70,"text":16987},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14791,"description":16989},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16995,"title":16996,"body":16997,"description":19448,"extension":1730,"meta":19449,"navigation":107,"path":19450,"seo":19451,"stem":19452,"__hash__":19453},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16998,"toc":19404},[16999,17005,17011,17014,17017,17019,17101,17107,17112,17116,17134,17146,17151,17155,17178,17182,17194,17202,17206,17212,17214,17217,17292,17294,17339,17341,17358,17363,17369,17374,17448,17450,17495,17498,17509,17511,17630,17632,17685,17692,17696,17699,17716,17722,17726,17824,17826,17878,17885,17889,17895,17898,17901,17928,17933,17937,17940,18044,18046,18091,18094,18097,18102,18107,18118,18120,18181,18241,18247,18255,18261,18266,18271,18331,18335,18402,18405,18409,18480,18483,18496,18503,18505,18509,18513,18584,18586,18623,18626,18629,18692,18699,18702,18744,18754,18757,18826,18832,18837,18921,18923,18972,18979,18985,19030,19032,19065,19070,19074,19080,19119,19163,19231,19274,19276,19282,19285,19289,19294,19298,19301,19305,19307,19368,19370,19396,19401],[10,17000,11098,17002,11102],{"id":17001},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[25,17003,17004],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17006,17007,17010],{},[25,17008,17009],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17012,17013],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17015,17016],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[172,17018,1771],{"id":1770},[18,17020,17022],{"className":20,"code":17021,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[25,17023,17024,17057,17085,17096],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17025,17026,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17027,17028],{"class":34},"keys ",[28,17030,39],{"class":38},[28,17032,3388],{"class":93},[28,17034,234],{"class":42},[28,17036,121],{"class":46},[28,17038,234],{"class":42},[28,17040,2759],{"class":93},[28,17042,43],{"class":42},[28,17044,835],{"class":46},[28,17046,234],{"class":42},[28,17048,2759],{"class":93},[28,17050,43],{"class":42},[28,17052,10188],{"class":46},[28,17054,234],{"class":42},[28,17056,3401],{"class":93},[28,17058,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17081,17083],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,17060,12989],{"class":34},[28,17062,39],{"class":38},[28,17064,8949],{"class":89},[28,17066,385],{"class":93},[28,17068,17069],{"class":120},"fromkeys",[28,17071,94],{"class":93},[28,17073,16709],{"class":120},[28,17075,2759],{"class":93},[28,17077,43],{"class":42},[28,17079,17080],{"class":46},"unknown",[28,17082,234],{"class":42},[28,17084,101],{"class":93},[28,17086,17087,17089,17091,17094],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,17088,115],{"class":114},[28,17090,94],{"class":93},[28,17092,17093],{"class":120},"person",[28,17095,101],{"class":93},[28,17097,17098],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,17099,17100],{"class":1006},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17102,1631,17103,17106],{},[25,17104,17105],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[172,17108,3445,17110,3448],{"id":17109},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[25,17111,17009],{},[14,17113,17114,271],{},[25,17115,17009],{},[177,17117,17118,17121,17124,17127],{},[180,17119,17120],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[180,17122,17123],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[180,17125,17126],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[180,17128,17129,17130,17133],{},"Is called as ",[25,17131,17132],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17135,17136,17137,17139,17140,17142,17143,385],{},"This is a class method on ",[25,17138,8599],{},", so you write ",[25,17141,17132],{}," instead of something like ",[25,17144,17145],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17147,17148,17149,385],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[381,17150,8934],{"href":12807},[172,17152,17154],{"id":17153},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[18,17156,17158],{"className":20,"code":17157,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[25,17159,17160],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17161,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17163,8599],{"class":89},[28,17165,385],{"class":93},[28,17167,17069],{"class":120},[28,17169,94],{"class":93},[28,17171,3489],{"class":120},[28,17173,2759],{"class":93},[28,17175,8210],{"class":120},[28,17177,101],{"class":93},[1109,17179,17181],{"id":17180},"parameters","Parameters",[177,17183,17184,17189],{},[180,17185,17186,17188],{},[25,17187,3489],{},": the keys to use",[180,17190,17191,17193],{},[25,17192,2242],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17195,17196,17197,17199,17200,385],{},"If you leave out ",[25,17198,2242],{},", each key gets ",[25,17201,3546],{},[1109,17203,17205],{"id":17204},"return-value","Return value",[14,17207,17208,17209,385],{},"It returns a ",[163,17210,17211],{},"new dictionary",[172,17213,5563],{"id":5562},[14,17215,17216],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[18,17218,17220],{"className":20,"code":17219,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[25,17221,17222,17255,17277,17281],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17223,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17225,17028],{"class":34},[28,17227,39],{"class":38},[28,17229,3388],{"class":93},[28,17231,234],{"class":42},[28,17233,12877],{"class":46},[28,17235,234],{"class":42},[28,17237,2759],{"class":93},[28,17239,43],{"class":42},[28,17241,17242],{"class":46},"green",[28,17244,234],{"class":42},[28,17246,2759],{"class":93},[28,17248,43],{"class":42},[28,17250,12894],{"class":46},[28,17252,234],{"class":42},[28,17254,3401],{"class":93},[28,17256,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,17258,12860],{"class":34},[28,17260,39],{"class":38},[28,17262,8949],{"class":89},[28,17264,385],{"class":93},[28,17266,17069],{"class":120},[28,17268,94],{"class":93},[28,17270,16709],{"class":120},[28,17272,2759],{"class":93},[28,17274,3602],{"class":97},[28,17276,101],{"class":93},[28,17278,17279],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,17280,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,17282,17283,17285,17287,17290],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,17284,115],{"class":114},[28,17286,94],{"class":93},[28,17288,17289],{"class":120},"colors",[28,17291,101],{"class":93},[14,17293,336],{},[18,17295,17297],{"className":20,"code":17296,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[25,17298,17299],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17300,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17302,9057],{"class":93},[28,17304,358],{"class":42},[28,17306,12877],{"class":46},[28,17308,358],{"class":42},[28,17310,271],{"class":93},[28,17312,3602],{"class":97},[28,17314,2759],{"class":93},[28,17316,61],{"class":42},[28,17318,17242],{"class":46},[28,17320,358],{"class":42},[28,17322,271],{"class":93},[28,17324,3602],{"class":97},[28,17326,2759],{"class":93},[28,17328,61],{"class":42},[28,17330,12894],{"class":46},[28,17332,358],{"class":42},[28,17334,271],{"class":93},[28,17336,3602],{"class":97},[28,17338,9087],{"class":93},[14,17340,11465],{},[177,17342,17343,17348,17353],{},[180,17344,17345,17347],{},[25,17346,16709],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[180,17349,17350,17352],{},[25,17351,1888],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[180,17354,17355,17357],{},[25,17356,17009],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17359,17360,17361,385],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[381,17362,9170],{"href":12810},[172,17364,8194,17366,17368],{"id":17365},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[25,17367,17004],{}," without a value",[14,17370,17371,17372,385],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[25,17373,3546],{},[18,17375,17377],{"className":20,"code":17376,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[25,17378,17379,17413,17433,17437],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17380,17381,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17409,17411],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17382,17383],{"class":34},"fields ",[28,17385,39],{"class":38},[28,17387,3388],{"class":93},[28,17389,234],{"class":42},[28,17391,7760],{"class":46},[28,17393,234],{"class":42},[28,17395,2759],{"class":93},[28,17397,43],{"class":42},[28,17399,15043],{"class":46},[28,17401,234],{"class":42},[28,17403,2759],{"class":93},[28,17405,43],{"class":42},[28,17407,17408],{"class":46},"password",[28,17410,234],{"class":42},[28,17412,3401],{"class":93},[28,17414,17415,17418,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17431],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,17416,17417],{"class":34},"user_data ",[28,17419,39],{"class":38},[28,17421,8949],{"class":89},[28,17423,385],{"class":93},[28,17425,17069],{"class":120},[28,17427,94],{"class":93},[28,17429,17430],{"class":120},"fields",[28,17432,101],{"class":93},[28,17434,17435],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,17436,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,17438,17439,17441,17443,17446],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,17440,115],{"class":114},[28,17442,94],{"class":93},[28,17444,17445],{"class":120},"user_data",[28,17447,101],{"class":93},[14,17449,336],{},[18,17451,17453],{"className":20,"code":17452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[25,17454,17455],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17456,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17458,9057],{"class":93},[28,17460,358],{"class":42},[28,17462,7760],{"class":46},[28,17464,358],{"class":42},[28,17466,271],{"class":93},[28,17468,3620],{"class":776},[28,17470,2759],{"class":93},[28,17472,61],{"class":42},[28,17474,15043],{"class":46},[28,17476,358],{"class":42},[28,17478,271],{"class":93},[28,17480,3620],{"class":776},[28,17482,2759],{"class":93},[28,17484,61],{"class":42},[28,17486,17408],{"class":46},[28,17488,358],{"class":42},[28,17490,271],{"class":93},[28,17492,3620],{"class":776},[28,17494,9087],{"class":93},[14,17496,17497],{},"This is useful when:",[177,17499,17500,17503,17506],{},[180,17501,17502],{},"You want to create the keys first",[180,17504,17505],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[180,17507,17508],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17510,924],{},[18,17512,17514],{"className":20,"code":17513,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[25,17515,17516,17548,17566,17570,17593,17616,17620],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17517,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17519,17383],{"class":34},[28,17521,39],{"class":38},[28,17523,3388],{"class":93},[28,17525,234],{"class":42},[28,17527,7760],{"class":46},[28,17529,234],{"class":42},[28,17531,2759],{"class":93},[28,17533,43],{"class":42},[28,17535,15043],{"class":46},[28,17537,234],{"class":42},[28,17539,2759],{"class":93},[28,17541,43],{"class":42},[28,17543,17408],{"class":46},[28,17545,234],{"class":42},[28,17547,3401],{"class":93},[28,17549,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,17551,17417],{"class":34},[28,17553,39],{"class":38},[28,17555,8949],{"class":89},[28,17557,385],{"class":93},[28,17559,17069],{"class":120},[28,17561,94],{"class":93},[28,17563,17430],{"class":120},[28,17565,101],{"class":93},[28,17567,17568],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,17569,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,17571,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17591],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,17573,17445],{"class":34},[28,17575,3669],{"class":93},[28,17577,234],{"class":42},[28,17579,7760],{"class":46},[28,17581,234],{"class":42},[28,17583,13058],{"class":93},[28,17585,13061],{"class":38},[28,17587,43],{"class":42},[28,17589,17590],{"class":46},"alice",[28,17592,50],{"class":42},[28,17594,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17614],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,17596,17445],{"class":34},[28,17598,3669],{"class":93},[28,17600,234],{"class":42},[28,17602,15043],{"class":46},[28,17604,234],{"class":42},[28,17606,13058],{"class":93},[28,17608,13061],{"class":38},[28,17610,43],{"class":42},[28,17612,17613],{"class":46},"alice@example.com",[28,17615,50],{"class":42},[28,17617,17618],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,17619,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,17621,17622,17624,17626,17628],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,17623,115],{"class":114},[28,17625,94],{"class":93},[28,17627,17445],{"class":120},[28,17629,101],{"class":93},[14,17631,336],{},[18,17633,17635],{"className":20,"code":17634,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[25,17636,17637],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17638,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17640,9057],{"class":93},[28,17642,358],{"class":42},[28,17644,7760],{"class":46},[28,17646,358],{"class":42},[28,17648,271],{"class":93},[28,17650,61],{"class":42},[28,17652,17590],{"class":46},[28,17654,358],{"class":42},[28,17656,2759],{"class":93},[28,17658,61],{"class":42},[28,17660,15043],{"class":46},[28,17662,358],{"class":42},[28,17664,271],{"class":93},[28,17666,61],{"class":42},[28,17668,17613],{"class":46},[28,17670,358],{"class":42},[28,17672,2759],{"class":93},[28,17674,61],{"class":42},[28,17676,17408],{"class":46},[28,17678,358],{"class":42},[28,17680,271],{"class":93},[28,17682,3620],{"class":776},[28,17684,9087],{"class":93},[14,17686,17687,17688,385],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[381,17689,17691],{"href":17690},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[172,17693,17695],{"id":17694},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17697,17698],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[177,17700,17701,17706,17711],{},[180,17702,17703,17705],{},[25,17704,3555],{}," (list)",[180,17707,17708,17710],{},[25,17709,3560],{}," (dictionary)",[180,17712,17713,17715],{},[25,17714,3565],{}," (set)",[14,17717,17718,17719,385],{},"All keys will point to the ",[163,17720,17721],{},"same object",[1109,17723,17725],{"id":17724},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[18,17727,17729],{"className":20,"code":17728,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[25,17730,17731,17763,17784,17788,17810,17814],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17732,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17734,17028],{"class":34},[28,17736,39],{"class":38},[28,17738,3388],{"class":93},[28,17740,234],{"class":42},[28,17742,381],{"class":46},[28,17744,234],{"class":42},[28,17746,2759],{"class":93},[28,17748,43],{"class":42},[28,17750,4533],{"class":46},[28,17752,234],{"class":42},[28,17754,2759],{"class":93},[28,17756,43],{"class":42},[28,17758,9518],{"class":46},[28,17760,234],{"class":42},[28,17762,3401],{"class":93},[28,17764,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,17766,8944],{"class":34},[28,17768,39],{"class":38},[28,17770,8949],{"class":89},[28,17772,385],{"class":93},[28,17774,17069],{"class":120},[28,17776,94],{"class":93},[28,17778,16709],{"class":120},[28,17780,2759],{"class":93},[28,17782,17783],{"class":93}," [])\n",[28,17785,17786],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,17787,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,17789,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,17791,8983],{"class":34},[28,17793,3669],{"class":93},[28,17795,234],{"class":42},[28,17797,381],{"class":46},[28,17799,234],{"class":42},[28,17801,13335],{"class":93},[28,17803,13338],{"class":120},[28,17805,94],{"class":93},[28,17807,2756],{"class":97},[28,17809,101],{"class":93},[28,17811,17812],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,17813,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,17815,17816,17818,17820,17822],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,17817,115],{"class":114},[28,17819,94],{"class":93},[28,17821,8983],{"class":120},[28,17823,101],{"class":93},[14,17825,336],{},[18,17827,17829],{"className":20,"code":17828,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[25,17830,17831],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17832,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17834,9057],{"class":93},[28,17836,358],{"class":42},[28,17838,381],{"class":46},[28,17840,358],{"class":42},[28,17842,271],{"class":93},[28,17844,3388],{"class":93},[28,17846,2756],{"class":97},[28,17848,17849],{"class":93},"],",[28,17851,61],{"class":42},[28,17853,4533],{"class":46},[28,17855,358],{"class":42},[28,17857,271],{"class":93},[28,17859,3388],{"class":93},[28,17861,2756],{"class":97},[28,17863,17849],{"class":93},[28,17865,61],{"class":42},[28,17867,9518],{"class":46},[28,17869,358],{"class":42},[28,17871,271],{"class":93},[28,17873,3388],{"class":93},[28,17875,2756],{"class":97},[28,17877,13491],{"class":93},[14,17879,17880,17881,17884],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[25,17882,17883],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1109,17886,17888],{"id":17887},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17890,17891,17894],{},[25,17892,17893],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17896,17897],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17899,17900],{},"So this:",[18,17902,17904],{"className":20,"code":17903,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[25,17905,17906],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17907,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17909,8983],{"class":34},[28,17911,3669],{"class":93},[28,17913,234],{"class":42},[28,17915,381],{"class":46},[28,17917,234],{"class":42},[28,17919,13335],{"class":93},[28,17921,13338],{"class":120},[28,17923,94],{"class":93},[28,17925,2756],{"class":97},[28,17927,101],{"class":93},[14,17929,17930,17931,385],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[25,17932,17883],{},[1109,17934,17936],{"id":17935},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,17938,17939],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[18,17941,17943],{"className":20,"code":17942,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[25,17944,17945,17977,18004,18008,18030,18034],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,17946,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,17948,17028],{"class":34},[28,17950,39],{"class":38},[28,17952,3388],{"class":93},[28,17954,234],{"class":42},[28,17956,381],{"class":46},[28,17958,234],{"class":42},[28,17960,2759],{"class":93},[28,17962,43],{"class":42},[28,17964,4533],{"class":46},[28,17966,234],{"class":42},[28,17968,2759],{"class":93},[28,17970,43],{"class":42},[28,17972,9518],{"class":46},[28,17974,234],{"class":42},[28,17976,3401],{"class":93},[28,17978,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17992,17994,17997,17999,18002],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,17980,8944],{"class":34},[28,17982,39],{"class":38},[28,17984,10270],{"class":93},[28,17986,14627],{"class":34},[28,17988,271],{"class":93},[28,17990,17991],{"class":93}," []",[28,17993,3645],{"class":3644},[28,17995,17996],{"class":34}," key ",[28,17998,3651],{"class":3644},[28,18000,18001],{"class":34}," keys",[28,18003,9087],{"class":93},[28,18005,18006],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18007,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,18009,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,18011,8983],{"class":34},[28,18013,3669],{"class":93},[28,18015,234],{"class":42},[28,18017,381],{"class":46},[28,18019,234],{"class":42},[28,18021,13335],{"class":93},[28,18023,13338],{"class":120},[28,18025,94],{"class":93},[28,18027,2756],{"class":97},[28,18029,101],{"class":93},[28,18031,18032],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,18033,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,18035,18036,18038,18040,18042],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,18037,115],{"class":114},[28,18039,94],{"class":93},[28,18041,8983],{"class":120},[28,18043,101],{"class":93},[14,18045,336],{},[18,18047,18049],{"className":20,"code":18048,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[25,18050,18051],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18052,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18054,9057],{"class":93},[28,18056,358],{"class":42},[28,18058,381],{"class":46},[28,18060,358],{"class":42},[28,18062,271],{"class":93},[28,18064,3388],{"class":93},[28,18066,2756],{"class":97},[28,18068,17849],{"class":93},[28,18070,61],{"class":42},[28,18072,4533],{"class":46},[28,18074,358],{"class":42},[28,18076,271],{"class":93},[28,18078,18079],{"class":93}," [],",[28,18081,61],{"class":42},[28,18083,9518],{"class":46},[28,18085,358],{"class":42},[28,18087,271],{"class":93},[28,18089,18090],{"class":93}," []}\n",[14,18092,18093],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18095,18096],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[172,18098,4734,18100],{"id":18099},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[25,18101,17004],{},[14,18103,18104,18106],{},[25,18105,17009],{}," is a good choice when:",[177,18108,18109,18112,18115],{},[180,18110,18111],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[180,18113,18114],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[180,18116,18117],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18119,1894],{},[18,18121,18123],{"className":20,"code":18122,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[25,18124,18125,18170],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18126,18127,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18162,18164,18166,18168],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18128,18129],{"class":34},"flags ",[28,18131,39],{"class":38},[28,18133,8949],{"class":89},[28,18135,385],{"class":93},[28,18137,17069],{"class":120},[28,18139,2753],{"class":93},[28,18141,234],{"class":42},[28,18143,18144],{"class":46},"is_admin",[28,18146,234],{"class":42},[28,18148,2759],{"class":93},[28,18150,43],{"class":42},[28,18152,14865],{"class":46},[28,18154,234],{"class":42},[28,18156,2759],{"class":93},[28,18158,43],{"class":42},[28,18160,18161],{"class":46},"is_verified",[28,18163,234],{"class":42},[28,18165,17849],{"class":93},[28,18167,3676],{"class":776},[28,18169,101],{"class":93},[28,18171,18172,18174,18176,18179],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18173,115],{"class":114},[28,18175,94],{"class":93},[28,18177,18178],{"class":120},"flags",[28,18180,101],{"class":93},[18,18182,18184],{"className":20,"code":18183,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[25,18185,18186,18231],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18187,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18205,18207,18209,18211,18214,18216,18218,18220,18223,18225,18227,18229],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18189,4836],{"class":34},[28,18191,39],{"class":38},[28,18193,8949],{"class":89},[28,18195,385],{"class":93},[28,18197,17069],{"class":120},[28,18199,2753],{"class":93},[28,18201,234],{"class":42},[28,18203,18204],{"class":46},"math",[28,18206,234],{"class":42},[28,18208,2759],{"class":93},[28,18210,43],{"class":42},[28,18212,18213],{"class":46},"science",[28,18215,234],{"class":42},[28,18217,2759],{"class":93},[28,18219,43],{"class":42},[28,18221,18222],{"class":46},"history",[28,18224,234],{"class":42},[28,18226,17849],{"class":93},[28,18228,3602],{"class":97},[28,18230,101],{"class":93},[28,18232,18233,18235,18237,18239],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18234,115],{"class":114},[28,18236,94],{"class":93},[28,18238,16174],{"class":120},[28,18240,101],{"class":93},[14,18242,18243,18244,18246],{},"It is ",[163,18245,4402],{}," the best choice when:",[177,18248,18249,18252],{},[180,18250,18251],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[180,18253,18254],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[172,18256,18258,18260],{"id":18257},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[25,18259,17004],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18262,18263,18265],{},[25,18264,17004],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1109,18267,8194,18269],{"id":18268},"using-fromkeys",[25,18270,17004],{},[18,18272,18274],{"className":20,"code":18273,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[25,18275,18276,18321],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18277,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18295,18297,18299,18301,18304,18306,18308,18310,18313,18315,18317,18319],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18279,13611],{"class":34},[28,18281,39],{"class":38},[28,18283,8949],{"class":89},[28,18285,385],{"class":93},[28,18287,17069],{"class":120},[28,18289,2753],{"class":93},[28,18291,234],{"class":42},[28,18293,18294],{"class":46},"sound",[28,18296,234],{"class":42},[28,18298,2759],{"class":93},[28,18300,43],{"class":42},[28,18302,18303],{"class":46},"music",[28,18305,234],{"class":42},[28,18307,2759],{"class":93},[28,18309,43],{"class":42},[28,18311,18312],{"class":46},"notifications",[28,18314,234],{"class":42},[28,18316,17849],{"class":93},[28,18318,3685],{"class":776},[28,18320,101],{"class":93},[28,18322,18323,18325,18327,18329],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18324,115],{"class":114},[28,18326,94],{"class":93},[28,18328,13670],{"class":120},[28,18330,101],{"class":93},[1109,18332,18334],{"id":18333},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[18,18336,18338],{"className":20,"code":18337,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[25,18339,18340,18348,18362,18376,18388,18392],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18341,18342,18344,18346],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18343,13611],{"class":34},[28,18345,39],{"class":38},[28,18347,11274],{"class":93},[28,18349,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18351,11279],{"class":42},[28,18353,18294],{"class":46},[28,18355,234],{"class":42},[28,18357,271],{"class":93},[28,18359,3685],{"class":776},[28,18361,11295],{"class":93},[28,18363,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18365,11279],{"class":42},[28,18367,18303],{"class":46},[28,18369,234],{"class":42},[28,18371,271],{"class":93},[28,18373,3676],{"class":776},[28,18375,11295],{"class":93},[28,18377,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,18379,11279],{"class":42},[28,18381,18312],{"class":46},[28,18383,234],{"class":42},[28,18385,271],{"class":93},[28,18387,6199],{"class":776},[28,18389,18390],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,18391,9087],{"class":93},[28,18393,18394,18396,18398,18400],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,18395,115],{"class":114},[28,18397,94],{"class":93},[28,18399,13670],{"class":120},[28,18401,101],{"class":93},[14,18403,18404],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1109,18406,18408],{"id":18407},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[18,18410,18412],{"className":20,"code":18411,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[25,18413,18414,18446,18470],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18415,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18417,17028],{"class":34},[28,18419,39],{"class":38},[28,18421,3388],{"class":93},[28,18423,234],{"class":42},[28,18425,381],{"class":46},[28,18427,234],{"class":42},[28,18429,2759],{"class":93},[28,18431,43],{"class":42},[28,18433,4533],{"class":46},[28,18435,234],{"class":42},[28,18437,2759],{"class":93},[28,18439,43],{"class":42},[28,18441,9518],{"class":46},[28,18443,234],{"class":42},[28,18445,3401],{"class":93},[28,18447,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18449,8944],{"class":34},[28,18451,39],{"class":38},[28,18453,10270],{"class":93},[28,18455,14627],{"class":34},[28,18457,271],{"class":93},[28,18459,17991],{"class":93},[28,18461,3645],{"class":3644},[28,18463,17996],{"class":34},[28,18465,3651],{"class":3644},[28,18467,18001],{"class":34},[28,18469,9087],{"class":93},[28,18471,18472,18474,18476,18478],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18473,115],{"class":114},[28,18475,94],{"class":93},[28,18477,8983],{"class":120},[28,18479,101],{"class":93},[14,18481,18482],{},"Use:",[177,18484,18485,18490,18493],{},[180,18486,18487,18489],{},[25,18488,17004],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[180,18491,18492],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[180,18494,18495],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18497,18498,18499,385],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[381,18500,10517,18501,1689],{"href":13818},[25,18502,14740],{},[172,18504,1104],{"id":1103},[14,18506,14519,18507,385],{},[25,18508,17009],{},[1109,18510,18512],{"id":18511},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[18,18514,18516],{"className":20,"code":18515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[25,18517,18518,18551,18574],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18519,18520,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18521,18522],{"class":34},"d ",[28,18524,39],{"class":38},[28,18526,8949],{"class":89},[28,18528,385],{"class":93},[28,18530,17069],{"class":120},[28,18532,2753],{"class":93},[28,18534,234],{"class":42},[28,18536,381],{"class":46},[28,18538,234],{"class":42},[28,18540,2759],{"class":93},[28,18542,43],{"class":42},[28,18544,4533],{"class":46},[28,18546,234],{"class":42},[28,18548,17849],{"class":93},[28,18550,17783],{"class":93},[28,18552,18553,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18554,18555],{"class":34},"d",[28,18557,3669],{"class":93},[28,18559,234],{"class":42},[28,18561,381],{"class":46},[28,18563,234],{"class":42},[28,18565,13335],{"class":93},[28,18567,13338],{"class":120},[28,18569,94],{"class":93},[28,18571,2756],{"class":97},[28,18573,101],{"class":93},[28,18575,18576,18578,18580,18582],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18577,115],{"class":114},[28,18579,94],{"class":93},[28,18581,18555],{"class":120},[28,18583,101],{"class":93},[14,18585,336],{},[18,18587,18589],{"className":20,"code":18588,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[25,18590,18591],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18592,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18594,9057],{"class":93},[28,18596,358],{"class":42},[28,18598,381],{"class":46},[28,18600,358],{"class":42},[28,18602,271],{"class":93},[28,18604,3388],{"class":93},[28,18606,2756],{"class":97},[28,18608,17849],{"class":93},[28,18610,61],{"class":42},[28,18612,4533],{"class":46},[28,18614,358],{"class":42},[28,18616,271],{"class":93},[28,18618,3388],{"class":93},[28,18620,2756],{"class":97},[28,18622,13491],{"class":93},[14,18624,18625],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18627,18628],{},"Use this instead:",[18,18630,18632],{"className":20,"code":18631,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[25,18633,18634,18658,18682],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18635,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18637,17028],{"class":34},[28,18639,39],{"class":38},[28,18641,3388],{"class":93},[28,18643,234],{"class":42},[28,18645,381],{"class":46},[28,18647,234],{"class":42},[28,18649,2759],{"class":93},[28,18651,43],{"class":42},[28,18653,4533],{"class":46},[28,18655,234],{"class":42},[28,18657,3401],{"class":93},[28,18659,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18661,18522],{"class":34},[28,18663,39],{"class":38},[28,18665,10270],{"class":93},[28,18667,14627],{"class":34},[28,18669,271],{"class":93},[28,18671,17991],{"class":93},[28,18673,3645],{"class":3644},[28,18675,17996],{"class":34},[28,18677,3651],{"class":3644},[28,18679,18001],{"class":34},[28,18681,9087],{"class":93},[28,18683,18684,18686,18688,18690],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18685,115],{"class":114},[28,18687,94],{"class":93},[28,18689,18555],{"class":120},[28,18691,101],{"class":93},[1109,18693,18695,18696,18698],{"id":18694},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[25,18697,17004],{}," on a list",[14,18700,18701],{},"Wrong idea:",[18,18703,18705],{"className":20,"code":18704,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[25,18706,18707,18739],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18708,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18710,17028],{"class":34},[28,18712,39],{"class":38},[28,18714,3388],{"class":93},[28,18716,234],{"class":42},[28,18718,381],{"class":46},[28,18720,234],{"class":42},[28,18722,2759],{"class":93},[28,18724,43],{"class":42},[28,18726,4533],{"class":46},[28,18728,234],{"class":42},[28,18730,2759],{"class":93},[28,18732,43],{"class":42},[28,18734,9518],{"class":46},[28,18736,234],{"class":42},[28,18738,3401],{"class":93},[28,18740,18741],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18742,18743],{"class":1006},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18745,18746,18748,18749,18751,18752,385],{},[25,18747,17004],{}," belongs to ",[25,18750,8599],{},", not ",[25,18753,7869],{},[14,18755,18756],{},"Correct usage:",[18,18758,18760],{"className":20,"code":18759,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[25,18761,18762,18794,18816],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18763,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18765,17028],{"class":34},[28,18767,39],{"class":38},[28,18769,3388],{"class":93},[28,18771,234],{"class":42},[28,18773,381],{"class":46},[28,18775,234],{"class":42},[28,18777,2759],{"class":93},[28,18779,43],{"class":42},[28,18781,4533],{"class":46},[28,18783,234],{"class":42},[28,18785,2759],{"class":93},[28,18787,43],{"class":42},[28,18789,9518],{"class":46},[28,18791,234],{"class":42},[28,18793,3401],{"class":93},[28,18795,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18797,18522],{"class":34},[28,18799,39],{"class":38},[28,18801,8949],{"class":89},[28,18803,385],{"class":93},[28,18805,17069],{"class":120},[28,18807,94],{"class":93},[28,18809,16709],{"class":120},[28,18811,2759],{"class":93},[28,18813,3602],{"class":97},[28,18815,101],{"class":93},[28,18817,18818,18820,18822,18824],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18819,115],{"class":114},[28,18821,94],{"class":93},[28,18823,18555],{"class":120},[28,18825,101],{"class":93},[1109,18827,8230,18829,18831],{"id":18828},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[25,18830,17004],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18833,18834,18836],{},[25,18835,17009],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[18,18838,18840],{"className":20,"code":18839,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[25,18841,18842,18862,18896,18900,18910],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18843,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18845,11868],{"class":34},[28,18847,39],{"class":38},[28,18849,10270],{"class":93},[28,18851,234],{"class":42},[28,18853,1944],{"class":46},[28,18855,234],{"class":42},[28,18857,271],{"class":93},[28,18859,5273],{"class":97},[28,18861,9087],{"class":93},[28,18863,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18865,12822],{"class":34},[28,18867,39],{"class":38},[28,18869,8949],{"class":89},[28,18871,385],{"class":93},[28,18873,17069],{"class":120},[28,18875,2753],{"class":93},[28,18877,234],{"class":42},[28,18879,381],{"class":46},[28,18881,234],{"class":42},[28,18883,2759],{"class":93},[28,18885,43],{"class":42},[28,18887,4533],{"class":46},[28,18889,234],{"class":42},[28,18891,17849],{"class":93},[28,18893,3602],{"class":97},[28,18895,101],{"class":93},[28,18897,18898],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,18899,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,18901,18902,18904,18906,18908],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,18903,115],{"class":114},[28,18905,94],{"class":93},[28,18907,11915],{"class":120},[28,18909,101],{"class":93},[28,18911,18912,18914,18916,18919],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,18913,115],{"class":114},[28,18915,94],{"class":93},[28,18917,18918],{"class":120},"new_dict",[28,18920,101],{"class":93},[14,18922,336],{},[18,18924,18926],{"className":20,"code":18925,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[25,18927,18928,18944],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18929,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18931,9057],{"class":93},[28,18933,358],{"class":42},[28,18935,1944],{"class":46},[28,18937,358],{"class":42},[28,18939,271],{"class":93},[28,18941,5273],{"class":97},[28,18943,9087],{"class":93},[28,18945,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,18947,9057],{"class":93},[28,18949,358],{"class":42},[28,18951,381],{"class":46},[28,18953,358],{"class":42},[28,18955,271],{"class":93},[28,18957,3602],{"class":97},[28,18959,2759],{"class":93},[28,18961,61],{"class":42},[28,18963,4533],{"class":46},[28,18965,358],{"class":42},[28,18967,271],{"class":93},[28,18969,3602],{"class":97},[28,18971,9087],{"class":93},[14,18973,18974,18975,385],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[381,18976,10517,18977,1689],{"href":13818},[25,18978,14740],{},[1109,18980,18982,18983],{"id":18981},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[25,18984,3546],{},[18,18986,18988],{"className":20,"code":18987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[25,18989,18990,19020],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,18991,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,18993,18522],{"class":34},[28,18995,39],{"class":38},[28,18997,8949],{"class":89},[28,18999,385],{"class":93},[28,19001,17069],{"class":120},[28,19003,2753],{"class":93},[28,19005,234],{"class":42},[28,19007,1944],{"class":46},[28,19009,234],{"class":42},[28,19011,2759],{"class":93},[28,19013,43],{"class":42},[28,19015,11527],{"class":46},[28,19017,234],{"class":42},[28,19019,3657],{"class":93},[28,19021,19022,19024,19026,19028],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19023,115],{"class":114},[28,19025,94],{"class":93},[28,19027,18555],{"class":120},[28,19029,101],{"class":93},[14,19031,336],{},[18,19033,19035],{"className":20,"code":19034,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[25,19036,19037],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19038,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19040,9057],{"class":93},[28,19042,358],{"class":42},[28,19044,1944],{"class":46},[28,19046,358],{"class":42},[28,19048,271],{"class":93},[28,19050,3620],{"class":776},[28,19052,2759],{"class":93},[28,19054,61],{"class":42},[28,19056,11527],{"class":46},[28,19058,358],{"class":42},[28,19060,271],{"class":93},[28,19062,3620],{"class":776},[28,19064,9087],{"class":93},[14,19066,19067,19068,385],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[25,19069,3546],{},[172,19071,19073],{"id":19072},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19075,19076,19077,19079],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[25,19078,17004],{}," works.",[18,19081,19083],{"className":20,"code":19082,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[25,19084,19085],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19086,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19088,115],{"class":114},[28,19090,94],{"class":93},[28,19092,8599],{"class":89},[28,19094,385],{"class":93},[28,19096,17069],{"class":120},[28,19098,2753],{"class":93},[28,19100,234],{"class":42},[28,19102,381],{"class":46},[28,19104,234],{"class":42},[28,19106,2759],{"class":93},[28,19108,43],{"class":42},[28,19110,4533],{"class":46},[28,19112,234],{"class":42},[28,19114,17849],{"class":93},[28,19116,3602],{"class":97},[28,19118,318],{"class":93},[18,19120,19121],{"className":20,"code":18987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,19122,19123,19153],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19124,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19126,18522],{"class":34},[28,19128,39],{"class":38},[28,19130,8949],{"class":89},[28,19132,385],{"class":93},[28,19134,17069],{"class":120},[28,19136,2753],{"class":93},[28,19138,234],{"class":42},[28,19140,1944],{"class":46},[28,19142,234],{"class":42},[28,19144,2759],{"class":93},[28,19146,43],{"class":42},[28,19148,11527],{"class":46},[28,19150,234],{"class":42},[28,19152,3657],{"class":93},[28,19154,19155,19157,19159,19161],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19156,115],{"class":114},[28,19158,94],{"class":93},[28,19160,18555],{"class":120},[28,19162,101],{"class":93},[18,19164,19165],{"className":20,"code":18515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,19166,19167,19199,19221],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19168,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19170,18522],{"class":34},[28,19172,39],{"class":38},[28,19174,8949],{"class":89},[28,19176,385],{"class":93},[28,19178,17069],{"class":120},[28,19180,2753],{"class":93},[28,19182,234],{"class":42},[28,19184,381],{"class":46},[28,19186,234],{"class":42},[28,19188,2759],{"class":93},[28,19190,43],{"class":42},[28,19192,4533],{"class":46},[28,19194,234],{"class":42},[28,19196,17849],{"class":93},[28,19198,17783],{"class":93},[28,19200,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19202,18555],{"class":34},[28,19204,3669],{"class":93},[28,19206,234],{"class":42},[28,19208,381],{"class":46},[28,19210,234],{"class":42},[28,19212,13335],{"class":93},[28,19214,13338],{"class":120},[28,19216,94],{"class":93},[28,19218,2756],{"class":97},[28,19220,101],{"class":93},[28,19222,19223,19225,19227,19229],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,19224,115],{"class":114},[28,19226,94],{"class":93},[28,19228,18555],{"class":120},[28,19230,101],{"class":93},[18,19232,19234],{"className":20,"code":19233,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[25,19235,19236],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19237,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19239,115],{"class":114},[28,19241,94],{"class":93},[28,19243,311],{"class":89},[28,19245,94],{"class":93},[28,19247,8599],{"class":89},[28,19249,385],{"class":93},[28,19251,17069],{"class":120},[28,19253,2753],{"class":93},[28,19255,2756],{"class":97},[28,19257,2759],{"class":93},[28,19259,2762],{"class":97},[28,19261,2759],{"class":93},[28,19263,2221],{"class":97},[28,19265,17849],{"class":93},[28,19267,43],{"class":42},[28,19269,2242],{"class":46},[28,19271,234],{"class":42},[28,19273,2679],{"class":93},[172,19275,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,19277,12487,19279,19281],{"id":19278},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[25,19280,17004],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19283,19284],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1109,19286,19288],{"id":19287},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19290,19291,19292,385],{},"Each key gets ",[25,19293,3546],{},[1109,19295,19297],{"id":19296},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19299,19300],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1109,19302,19304],{"id":19303},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19306,17939],{},[18,19308,19310],{"className":20,"code":19309,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[25,19311,19312,19344],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19313,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19315,17028],{"class":34},[28,19317,39],{"class":38},[28,19319,3388],{"class":93},[28,19321,234],{"class":42},[28,19323,381],{"class":46},[28,19325,234],{"class":42},[28,19327,2759],{"class":93},[28,19329,43],{"class":42},[28,19331,4533],{"class":46},[28,19333,234],{"class":42},[28,19335,2759],{"class":93},[28,19337,43],{"class":42},[28,19339,9518],{"class":46},[28,19341,234],{"class":42},[28,19343,3401],{"class":93},[28,19345,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19347,8944],{"class":34},[28,19349,39],{"class":38},[28,19351,10270],{"class":93},[28,19353,14627],{"class":34},[28,19355,271],{"class":93},[28,19357,17991],{"class":93},[28,19359,3645],{"class":3644},[28,19361,17996],{"class":34},[28,19363,3651],{"class":3644},[28,19365,18001],{"class":34},[28,19367,9087],{"class":93},[172,19369,1662],{"id":1661},[177,19371,19372,19376,19380,19384,19390],{},[180,19373,19374],{},[381,19375,11022],{"href":12810},[180,19377,19378],{},[381,19379,8934],{"href":12807},[180,19381,19382],{},[381,19383,11031],{"href":17690},[180,19385,19386],{},[381,19387,10517,19388,1689],{"href":13818},[25,19389,14740],{},[180,19391,19392],{},[381,19393,10517,19394,1689],{"href":14785},[25,19395,12560],{},[14,19397,1631,19398,19400],{},[25,19399,17009],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1699,19402,19403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":19405},[19406,19407,19409,19413,19414,19416,19421,19423,19430,19439,19440,19447],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":17109,"depth":53,"text":19408},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17153,"depth":53,"text":17154,"children":19410},[19411,19412],{"id":17180,"depth":70,"text":17181},{"id":17204,"depth":70,"text":17205},{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":17365,"depth":53,"text":19415},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17694,"depth":53,"text":17695,"children":19417},[19418,19419,19420],{"id":17724,"depth":70,"text":17725},{"id":17887,"depth":70,"text":17888},{"id":17935,"depth":70,"text":17936},{"id":18099,"depth":53,"text":19422},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18257,"depth":53,"text":19424,"children":19425},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19426,19428,19429],{"id":18268,"depth":70,"text":19427},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18333,"depth":70,"text":18334},{"id":18407,"depth":70,"text":18408},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":19431},[19432,19433,19435,19437],{"id":18511,"depth":70,"text":18512},{"id":18694,"depth":70,"text":19434},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18828,"depth":70,"text":19436},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18981,"depth":70,"text":19438},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19072,"depth":53,"text":19073},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":19441},[19442,19444,19445,19446],{"id":19278,"depth":70,"text":19443},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19287,"depth":70,"text":19288},{"id":19296,"depth":70,"text":19297},{"id":19303,"depth":70,"text":19304},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16996,"description":19448},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19455,"title":19456,"body":19457,"description":21286,"extension":1730,"meta":21287,"navigation":107,"path":21288,"seo":21289,"stem":21290,"__hash__":21291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19458,"toc":21253},[19459,19464,19470,19481,19611,19618,19623,19627,19643,19645,19743,19746,19763,19767,19769,19774,19812,19815,19833,19835,19953,19958,19962,19978,19981,20117,20120,20125,20131,20134,20171,20174,20178,20183,20259,20263,20268,20350,20352,20368,20373,20377,20383,20452,20455,20472,20475,20557,20563,20566,20586,20590,20595,20601,20607,20678,20681,20687,20690,20764,20770,20776,20784,20794,20796,20891,20897,20902,20989,20995,20997,21002,21024,21027,21122,21125,21156,21169,21171,21179,21185,21191,21194,21200,21205,21212,21217,21219,21250],[10,19460,11098,19462,11102],{"id":19461},"python-dictionary-get-method",[25,19463,10520],{},[14,19465,19466,19467,19469],{},"The dictionary ",[25,19468,10520],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19471,19472,19473,1959,19476,2166,19478,19480],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[25,19474,19475],{},"KeyError",[25,19477,10520],{},[25,19479,3546],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[18,19482,19484],{"className":20,"code":19483,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[25,19485,19486,19522,19526,19552,19577],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19487,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19489,12989],{"class":34},[28,19491,39],{"class":38},[28,19493,10270],{"class":93},[28,19495,234],{"class":42},[28,19497,121],{"class":46},[28,19499,234],{"class":42},[28,19501,271],{"class":93},[28,19503,43],{"class":42},[28,19505,12664],{"class":46},[28,19507,234],{"class":42},[28,19509,2759],{"class":93},[28,19511,43],{"class":42},[28,19513,835],{"class":46},[28,19515,234],{"class":42},[28,19517,271],{"class":93},[28,19519,9084],{"class":97},[28,19521,9087],{"class":93},[28,19523,19524],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19525,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,19527,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,19529,115],{"class":114},[28,19531,94],{"class":93},[28,19533,17093],{"class":120},[28,19535,385],{"class":93},[28,19537,19538],{"class":120},"get",[28,19540,94],{"class":93},[28,19542,234],{"class":42},[28,19544,121],{"class":46},[28,19546,234],{"class":42},[28,19548,5136],{"class":93},[28,19550,19551],{"class":1006},"           # Ana\n",[28,19553,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,19555,115],{"class":114},[28,19557,94],{"class":93},[28,19559,17093],{"class":120},[28,19561,385],{"class":93},[28,19563,19538],{"class":120},[28,19565,94],{"class":93},[28,19567,234],{"class":42},[28,19569,10188],{"class":46},[28,19571,234],{"class":42},[28,19573,5136],{"class":93},[28,19575,19576],{"class":1006},"           # None\n",[28,19578,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19604,19606,19608],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,19580,115],{"class":114},[28,19582,94],{"class":93},[28,19584,17093],{"class":120},[28,19586,385],{"class":93},[28,19588,19538],{"class":120},[28,19590,94],{"class":93},[28,19592,234],{"class":42},[28,19594,10188],{"class":46},[28,19596,234],{"class":42},[28,19598,2759],{"class":93},[28,19600,43],{"class":42},[28,19602,19603],{"class":46},"N\u002FA",[28,19605,234],{"class":42},[28,19607,5136],{"class":93},[28,19609,19610],{"class":1006},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19612,1631,19613,19615,19616,385],{},[25,19614,10520],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[25,19617,19475],{},[172,19619,3445,19621,3448],{"id":19620},"what-get-does",[25,19622,10520],{},[14,19624,679,19625,11193],{},[25,19626,10520],{},[177,19628,19629,19632,19637,19640],{},[180,19630,19631],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[180,19633,11204,19634,19636],{},[25,19635,3546],{}," if the key does not exist",[180,19638,19639],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[180,19641,19642],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19644,924],{},[18,19646,19648],{"className":20,"code":19647,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[25,19649,19650,19689,19693,19718],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19651,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19671,19673,19675,19677,19680,19682,19684,19687],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19653,12647],{"class":34},[28,19655,39],{"class":38},[28,19657,10270],{"class":93},[28,19659,234],{"class":42},[28,19661,121],{"class":46},[28,19663,234],{"class":42},[28,19665,271],{"class":93},[28,19667,43],{"class":42},[28,19669,19670],{"class":46},"Lina",[28,19672,234],{"class":42},[28,19674,2759],{"class":93},[28,19676,43],{"class":42},[28,19678,19679],{"class":46},"grade",[28,19681,234],{"class":42},[28,19683,271],{"class":93},[28,19685,19686],{"class":97}," 90",[28,19688,9087],{"class":93},[28,19690,19691],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19692,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,19694,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,19696,115],{"class":114},[28,19698,94],{"class":93},[28,19700,13411],{"class":120},[28,19702,385],{"class":93},[28,19704,19538],{"class":120},[28,19706,94],{"class":93},[28,19708,234],{"class":42},[28,19710,121],{"class":46},[28,19712,234],{"class":42},[28,19714,5136],{"class":93},[28,19716,19717],{"class":1006},"     # Lina\n",[28,19719,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,19721,115],{"class":114},[28,19723,94],{"class":93},[28,19725,13411],{"class":120},[28,19727,385],{"class":93},[28,19729,19538],{"class":120},[28,19731,94],{"class":93},[28,19733,234],{"class":42},[28,19735,15043],{"class":46},[28,19737,234],{"class":42},[28,19739,5136],{"class":93},[28,19741,19742],{"class":1006},"    # None\n",[14,19744,19745],{},"In this example:",[177,19747,19748,19753],{},[180,19749,19750,19752],{},[25,19751,15024],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[180,19754,19755,19758,19759,2166,19761],{},[25,19756,19757],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[25,19760,10520],{},[25,19762,3546],{},[14,19764,12804,19765,385],{},[381,19766,8934],{"href":8933},[172,19768,1927],{"id":1926},[14,19770,19771,19772,271],{},"There are two common forms of ",[25,19773,10520],{},[18,19775,19777],{"className":20,"code":19776,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[25,19778,19779,19793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19780,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19782,15389],{"class":34},[28,19784,385],{"class":93},[28,19786,19538],{"class":120},[28,19788,94],{"class":93},[28,19790,14627],{"class":120},[28,19792,101],{"class":93},[28,19794,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19810],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19796,15389],{"class":34},[28,19798,385],{"class":93},[28,19800,19538],{"class":120},[28,19802,94],{"class":93},[28,19804,14627],{"class":120},[28,19806,2759],{"class":93},[28,19808,19809],{"class":120}," default_value",[28,19811,101],{"class":93},[14,19813,19814],{},"What each part means:",[177,19816,19817,19822,19828],{},[180,19818,19819,19821],{},[25,19820,14627],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[180,19823,19824,19827],{},[25,19825,19826],{},"default_value"," is optional",[180,19829,19830,19831],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[25,19832,3546],{},[14,19834,924],{},[18,19836,19838],{"className":20,"code":19837,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[25,19839,19840,19864,19868,19893,19919],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19841,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19843,13611],{"class":34},[28,19845,39],{"class":38},[28,19847,10270],{"class":93},[28,19849,234],{"class":42},[28,19851,12277],{"class":46},[28,19853,234],{"class":42},[28,19855,271],{"class":93},[28,19857,43],{"class":42},[28,19859,12286],{"class":46},[28,19861,234],{"class":42},[28,19863,9087],{"class":93},[28,19865,19866],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,19867,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,19869,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,19871,115],{"class":114},[28,19873,94],{"class":93},[28,19875,13670],{"class":120},[28,19877,385],{"class":93},[28,19879,19538],{"class":120},[28,19881,94],{"class":93},[28,19883,234],{"class":42},[28,19885,12277],{"class":46},[28,19887,234],{"class":42},[28,19889,5136],{"class":93},[28,19891,19892],{"class":1006},"            # dark\n",[28,19894,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19912,19914,19916],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,19896,115],{"class":114},[28,19898,94],{"class":93},[28,19900,13670],{"class":120},[28,19902,385],{"class":93},[28,19904,19538],{"class":120},[28,19906,94],{"class":93},[28,19908,234],{"class":42},[28,19910,19911],{"class":46},"language",[28,19913,234],{"class":42},[28,19915,5136],{"class":93},[28,19917,19918],{"class":1006},"         # None\n",[28,19920,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19946,19948,19950],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,19922,115],{"class":114},[28,19924,94],{"class":93},[28,19926,13670],{"class":120},[28,19928,385],{"class":93},[28,19930,19538],{"class":120},[28,19932,94],{"class":93},[28,19934,234],{"class":42},[28,19936,19911],{"class":46},[28,19938,234],{"class":42},[28,19940,2759],{"class":93},[28,19942,43],{"class":42},[28,19944,19945],{"class":46},"en",[28,19947,234],{"class":42},[28,19949,5136],{"class":93},[28,19951,19952],{"class":1006},"   # en\n",[172,19954,4734,19956],{"id":19955},"when-to-use-get",[25,19957,10520],{},[14,19959,1631,19960,10381],{},[25,19961,10520],{},[177,19963,19964,19967,19972,19975],{},[180,19965,19966],{},"A key might not exist",[180,19968,19969,19970],{},"You want to avoid ",[25,19971,19475],{},[180,19973,19974],{},"You are reading optional data",[180,19976,19977],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,19979,19980],{},"Example with optional user data:",[18,19982,19984],{"className":20,"code":19983,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[25,19985,19986,20028,20032,20057,20083],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,19987,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021,20024,20026],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,19989,11269],{"class":34},[28,19991,39],{"class":38},[28,19993,10270],{"class":93},[28,19995,234],{"class":42},[28,19997,7760],{"class":46},[28,19999,234],{"class":42},[28,20001,271],{"class":93},[28,20003,43],{"class":42},[28,20005,20006],{"class":46},"sam",[28,20008,234],{"class":42},[28,20010,2759],{"class":93},[28,20012,43],{"class":42},[28,20014,15043],{"class":46},[28,20016,234],{"class":42},[28,20018,271],{"class":93},[28,20020,43],{"class":42},[28,20022,20023],{"class":46},"sam@example.com",[28,20025,234],{"class":42},[28,20027,9087],{"class":93},[28,20029,20030],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20031,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20033,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20035,115],{"class":114},[28,20037,94],{"class":93},[28,20039,11363],{"class":120},[28,20041,385],{"class":93},[28,20043,19538],{"class":120},[28,20045,94],{"class":93},[28,20047,234],{"class":42},[28,20049,7760],{"class":46},[28,20051,234],{"class":42},[28,20053,5136],{"class":93},[28,20055,20056],{"class":1006},"              # sam\n",[28,20058,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20076,20078,20080],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20060,115],{"class":114},[28,20062,94],{"class":93},[28,20064,11363],{"class":120},[28,20066,385],{"class":93},[28,20068,19538],{"class":120},[28,20070,94],{"class":93},[28,20072,234],{"class":42},[28,20074,20075],{"class":46},"phone",[28,20077,234],{"class":42},[28,20079,5136],{"class":93},[28,20081,20082],{"class":1006},"                 # None\n",[28,20084,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20110,20112,20114],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,20086,115],{"class":114},[28,20088,94],{"class":93},[28,20090,11363],{"class":120},[28,20092,385],{"class":93},[28,20094,19538],{"class":120},[28,20096,94],{"class":93},[28,20098,234],{"class":42},[28,20100,20075],{"class":46},[28,20102,234],{"class":42},[28,20104,2759],{"class":93},[28,20106,43],{"class":42},[28,20108,20109],{"class":46},"Not provided",[28,20111,234],{"class":42},[28,20113,5136],{"class":93},[28,20115,20116],{"class":1006}," # Not provided\n",[14,20118,20119],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20121,20122,20123,385],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[381,20124,16383],{"href":16382},[172,20126,20128,20130],{"id":20127},"get-vs-square-brackets",[25,20129,10520],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20132,20133],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[18,20135,20137],{"className":20,"code":20136,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[25,20138,20139,20153],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20140,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20142,8983],{"class":34},[28,20144,3669],{"class":93},[28,20146,234],{"class":42},[28,20148,14627],{"class":46},[28,20150,234],{"class":42},[28,20152,3401],{"class":93},[28,20154,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20156,8983],{"class":34},[28,20158,385],{"class":93},[28,20160,19538],{"class":120},[28,20162,94],{"class":93},[28,20164,234],{"class":42},[28,20166,14627],{"class":46},[28,20168,234],{"class":42},[28,20170,101],{"class":93},[14,20172,20173],{},"The difference is important.",[1109,20175,20177],{"id":20176},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20179,20180,20181,385],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[25,20182,19475],{},[18,20184,20186],{"className":20,"code":20185,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[25,20187,20188,20212,20216,20238],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20189,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20191,8944],{"class":34},[28,20193,39],{"class":38},[28,20195,10270],{"class":93},[28,20197,234],{"class":42},[28,20199,121],{"class":46},[28,20201,234],{"class":42},[28,20203,271],{"class":93},[28,20205,43],{"class":42},[28,20207,12664],{"class":46},[28,20209,234],{"class":42},[28,20211,9087],{"class":93},[28,20213,20214],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20215,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20217,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20235],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20219,115],{"class":114},[28,20221,94],{"class":93},[28,20223,8983],{"class":120},[28,20225,3669],{"class":93},[28,20227,234],{"class":42},[28,20229,121],{"class":46},[28,20231,234],{"class":42},[28,20233,20234],{"class":93},"])",[28,20236,20237],{"class":1006},"   # Ana\n",[28,20239,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20241,115],{"class":114},[28,20243,94],{"class":93},[28,20245,8983],{"class":120},[28,20247,3669],{"class":93},[28,20249,234],{"class":42},[28,20251,10188],{"class":46},[28,20253,234],{"class":42},[28,20255,20234],{"class":93},[28,20257,20258],{"class":1006},"   # KeyError\n",[1109,20260,20261],{"id":19538},[25,20262,10520],{},[14,20264,20265,20267],{},[25,20266,10520],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[18,20269,20271],{"className":20,"code":20270,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[25,20272,20273,20297,20301,20325],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20274,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20276,8944],{"class":34},[28,20278,39],{"class":38},[28,20280,10270],{"class":93},[28,20282,234],{"class":42},[28,20284,121],{"class":46},[28,20286,234],{"class":42},[28,20288,271],{"class":93},[28,20290,43],{"class":42},[28,20292,12664],{"class":46},[28,20294,234],{"class":42},[28,20296,9087],{"class":93},[28,20298,20299],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20300,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20302,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20304,115],{"class":114},[28,20306,94],{"class":93},[28,20308,8983],{"class":120},[28,20310,385],{"class":93},[28,20312,19538],{"class":120},[28,20314,94],{"class":93},[28,20316,234],{"class":42},[28,20318,121],{"class":46},[28,20320,234],{"class":42},[28,20322,5136],{"class":93},[28,20324,20237],{"class":1006},[28,20326,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20328,115],{"class":114},[28,20330,94],{"class":93},[28,20332,8983],{"class":120},[28,20334,385],{"class":93},[28,20336,19538],{"class":120},[28,20338,94],{"class":93},[28,20340,234],{"class":42},[28,20342,10188],{"class":46},[28,20344,234],{"class":42},[28,20346,5136],{"class":93},[28,20348,20349],{"class":1006},"   # None\n",[14,20351,18482],{},[177,20353,20354,20360],{},[180,20355,20356,20357],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[163,20358,20359],{},"must exist",[180,20361,20362,20364,20365],{},[25,20363,10520],{}," when the key is ",[163,20366,20367],{},"optional",[14,20369,20370,20371,385],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[381,20372,11042],{"href":10853},[172,20374,20376],{"id":20375},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20378,20379,20380,20382],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[25,20381,10520],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[18,20384,20386],{"className":20,"code":20385,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[25,20387,20388,20413,20417],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20389,20390,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20391,20392],{"class":34},"profile ",[28,20394,39],{"class":38},[28,20396,10270],{"class":93},[28,20398,234],{"class":42},[28,20400,121],{"class":46},[28,20402,234],{"class":42},[28,20404,271],{"class":93},[28,20406,43],{"class":42},[28,20408,7696],{"class":46},[28,20410,234],{"class":42},[28,20412,9087],{"class":93},[28,20414,20415],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20416,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20418,20419,20421,20423,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20445,20447,20449],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20420,115],{"class":114},[28,20422,94],{"class":93},[28,20424,20425],{"class":120},"profile",[28,20427,385],{"class":93},[28,20429,19538],{"class":120},[28,20431,94],{"class":93},[28,20433,234],{"class":42},[28,20435,15046],{"class":46},[28,20437,234],{"class":42},[28,20439,2759],{"class":93},[28,20441,43],{"class":42},[28,20443,20444],{"class":46},"Unknown",[28,20446,234],{"class":42},[28,20448,5136],{"class":93},[28,20450,20451],{"class":1006},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20453,20454],{},"This is useful for display text:",[177,20456,20457,20462,20467],{},[180,20458,20459],{},[25,20460,20461],{},"\"Unknown\"",[180,20463,20464],{},[25,20465,20466],{},"\"Not set\"",[180,20468,20469],{},[25,20470,20471],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20473,20474],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[18,20476,20478],{"className":20,"code":20477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[25,20479,20480,20512,20516,20543],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20481,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20483,4836],{"class":34},[28,20485,39],{"class":38},[28,20487,10270],{"class":93},[28,20489,234],{"class":42},[28,20491,18204],{"class":46},[28,20493,234],{"class":42},[28,20495,271],{"class":93},[28,20497,5781],{"class":97},[28,20499,2759],{"class":93},[28,20501,43],{"class":42},[28,20503,18213],{"class":46},[28,20505,234],{"class":42},[28,20507,271],{"class":93},[28,20509,6136],{"class":97},[28,20511,9087],{"class":93},[28,20513,20514],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20515,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20517,20518,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20519,20520],{"class":34},"total_history ",[28,20522,39],{"class":38},[28,20524,4883],{"class":34},[28,20526,385],{"class":93},[28,20528,19538],{"class":120},[28,20530,94],{"class":93},[28,20532,234],{"class":42},[28,20534,18222],{"class":46},[28,20536,234],{"class":42},[28,20538,2759],{"class":93},[28,20540,3602],{"class":97},[28,20542,101],{"class":93},[28,20544,20545,20547,20549,20552,20554],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20546,115],{"class":114},[28,20548,94],{"class":93},[28,20550,20551],{"class":120},"total_history",[28,20553,3428],{"class":93},[28,20555,20556],{"class":1006},"   # 0\n",[14,20558,20559,20560,20562],{},"Here, ",[25,20561,1888],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20564,20565],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[177,20567,20568,20571,20576,20581],{},[180,20569,20570],{},"Use a string for text",[180,20572,1631,20573,20575],{},[25,20574,1888],{}," for numbers",[180,20577,1631,20578,20580],{},[25,20579,3555],{}," for lists if needed",[180,20582,1631,20583,20585],{},[25,20584,3560],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[172,20587,20589],{"id":20588},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20591,20592,20593,385],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[25,20594,10520],{},[1109,20596,20598,20600],{"id":20597},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[25,20599,10520],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20602,20603,20604,20606],{},"This code does ",[163,20605,4402],{}," create a new key:",[18,20608,20610],{"className":20,"code":20609,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[25,20611,20612,20636,20640,20665],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20613,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20615,12989],{"class":34},[28,20617,39],{"class":38},[28,20619,10270],{"class":93},[28,20621,234],{"class":42},[28,20623,121],{"class":46},[28,20625,234],{"class":42},[28,20627,271],{"class":93},[28,20629,43],{"class":42},[28,20631,12664],{"class":46},[28,20633,234],{"class":42},[28,20635,9087],{"class":93},[28,20637,20638],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20639,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20641,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20643,115],{"class":114},[28,20645,94],{"class":93},[28,20647,17093],{"class":120},[28,20649,385],{"class":93},[28,20651,19538],{"class":120},[28,20653,94],{"class":93},[28,20655,234],{"class":42},[28,20657,10188],{"class":46},[28,20659,234],{"class":42},[28,20661,5136],{"class":93},[28,20663,20664],{"class":1006},"  # None\n",[28,20666,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20668,115],{"class":114},[28,20670,94],{"class":93},[28,20672,17093],{"class":120},[28,20674,3428],{"class":93},[28,20676,20677],{"class":1006},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20679,20680],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1109,20682,20684,20686],{"id":20683},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[25,20685,10520],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20688,20689],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[18,20691,20693],{"className":20,"code":20692,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[25,20694,20695,20721,20725,20751],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20696,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20708,20710,20712,20714,20717,20719],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20698,13611],{"class":34},[28,20700,39],{"class":38},[28,20702,10270],{"class":93},[28,20704,234],{"class":42},[28,20706,20707],{"class":46},"mode",[28,20709,234],{"class":42},[28,20711,271],{"class":93},[28,20713,43],{"class":42},[28,20715,20716],{"class":46},"light",[28,20718,234],{"class":42},[28,20720,9087],{"class":93},[28,20722,20723],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20724,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20726,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20728,13670],{"class":34},[28,20730,385],{"class":93},[28,20732,19538],{"class":120},[28,20734,94],{"class":93},[28,20736,234],{"class":42},[28,20738,12277],{"class":46},[28,20740,234],{"class":42},[28,20742,2759],{"class":93},[28,20744,43],{"class":42},[28,20746,12286],{"class":46},[28,20748,234],{"class":42},[28,20750,101],{"class":93},[28,20752,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20754,115],{"class":114},[28,20756,94],{"class":93},[28,20758,13670],{"class":120},[28,20760,3428],{"class":93},[28,20762,20763],{"class":1006},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20765,260,20766,20769],{},[25,20767,20768],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1109,20771,20773,20774],{"id":20772},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[25,20775,3546],{},[14,20777,20778,20779,2166,20781,20783],{},"Sometimes ",[25,20780,10520],{},[25,20782,3546],{}," because:",[177,20785,20786,20789],{},[180,20787,20788],{},"The key is missing, or",[180,20790,20791,20792],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[25,20793,3546],{},[14,20795,924],{},[18,20797,20799],{"className":20,"code":20798,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[25,20800,20801,20838,20842,20866],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20802,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20830,20832,20834,20836],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20804,8944],{"class":34},[28,20806,39],{"class":38},[28,20808,10270],{"class":93},[28,20810,234],{"class":42},[28,20812,121],{"class":46},[28,20814,234],{"class":42},[28,20816,271],{"class":93},[28,20818,43],{"class":42},[28,20820,12664],{"class":46},[28,20822,234],{"class":42},[28,20824,2759],{"class":93},[28,20826,43],{"class":42},[28,20828,20829],{"class":46},"nickname",[28,20831,234],{"class":42},[28,20833,271],{"class":93},[28,20835,3620],{"class":776},[28,20837,9087],{"class":93},[28,20839,20840],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20841,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20843,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20845,115],{"class":114},[28,20847,94],{"class":93},[28,20849,8983],{"class":120},[28,20851,385],{"class":93},[28,20853,19538],{"class":120},[28,20855,94],{"class":93},[28,20857,234],{"class":42},[28,20859,20829],{"class":46},[28,20861,234],{"class":42},[28,20863,5136],{"class":93},[28,20865,20664],{"class":1006},[28,20867,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20869,115],{"class":114},[28,20871,94],{"class":93},[28,20873,8983],{"class":120},[28,20875,385],{"class":93},[28,20877,19538],{"class":120},[28,20879,94],{"class":93},[28,20881,234],{"class":42},[28,20883,10188],{"class":46},[28,20885,234],{"class":42},[28,20887,5136],{"class":93},[28,20889,20890],{"class":1006},"      # None\n",[14,20892,20893,20894,20896],{},"Both lines print ",[25,20895,3546],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20898,20899,20900,271],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[25,20901,3651],{},[18,20903,20905],{"className":20,"code":20904,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[25,20906,20907,20943,20947,20968],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,20908,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,20910,8944],{"class":34},[28,20912,39],{"class":38},[28,20914,10270],{"class":93},[28,20916,234],{"class":42},[28,20918,121],{"class":46},[28,20920,234],{"class":42},[28,20922,271],{"class":93},[28,20924,43],{"class":42},[28,20926,12664],{"class":46},[28,20928,234],{"class":42},[28,20930,2759],{"class":93},[28,20932,43],{"class":42},[28,20934,20829],{"class":46},[28,20936,234],{"class":42},[28,20938,271],{"class":93},[28,20940,3620],{"class":776},[28,20942,9087],{"class":93},[28,20944,20945],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,20946,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,20948,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20962,20964,20966],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,20950,115],{"class":114},[28,20952,94],{"class":93},[28,20954,234],{"class":42},[28,20956,20829],{"class":46},[28,20958,234],{"class":42},[28,20960,20961],{"class":3644}," in",[28,20963,14352],{"class":120},[28,20965,3428],{"class":93},[28,20967,3431],{"class":1006},[28,20969,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,20971,115],{"class":114},[28,20973,94],{"class":93},[28,20975,234],{"class":42},[28,20977,10188],{"class":46},[28,20979,234],{"class":42},[28,20981,20961],{"class":3644},[28,20983,14352],{"class":120},[28,20985,3428],{"class":93},[28,20987,20988],{"class":1006},"      # False\n",[14,20990,20991,20992,385],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[381,20993,20994],{"href":16939},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[172,20996,1104],{"id":1103},[14,20998,20999,21000,271],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[25,21001,10520],{},[177,21003,21004,21009,21016,21021],{},[180,21005,21006,21007],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[25,21008,19475],{},[180,21010,4476,21011,2166,21013,21015],{},[25,21012,10520],{},[25,21014,3546],{}," if no default is provided",[180,21017,1320,21018,21020],{},[25,21019,10520],{}," creates a key automatically",[180,21022,21023],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21025,21026],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[18,21028,21030],{"className":20,"code":21029,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[25,21031,21032,21042,21056,21074,21096],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21033,21034,21036,21038,21040],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21035,115],{"class":114},[28,21037,94],{"class":93},[28,21039,11230],{"class":120},[28,21041,101],{"class":93},[28,21043,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21045,115],{"class":114},[28,21047,94],{"class":93},[28,21049,11230],{"class":120},[28,21051,385],{"class":93},[28,21053,16709],{"class":120},[28,21055,6970],{"class":93},[28,21057,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,21059,115],{"class":114},[28,21061,94],{"class":93},[28,21063,358],{"class":42},[28,21065,121],{"class":46},[28,21067,358],{"class":42},[28,21069,20961],{"class":3644},[28,21071,11548],{"class":120},[28,21073,101],{"class":93},[28,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,21077,115],{"class":114},[28,21079,94],{"class":93},[28,21081,11230],{"class":120},[28,21083,385],{"class":93},[28,21085,19538],{"class":120},[28,21087,94],{"class":93},[28,21089,358],{"class":42},[28,21091,121],{"class":46},[28,21093,358],{"class":42},[28,21095,318],{"class":93},[28,21097,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,21099,115],{"class":114},[28,21101,94],{"class":93},[28,21103,311],{"class":89},[28,21105,94],{"class":93},[28,21107,11230],{"class":120},[28,21109,385],{"class":93},[28,21111,19538],{"class":120},[28,21113,94],{"class":93},[28,21115,358],{"class":42},[28,21117,121],{"class":46},[28,21119,358],{"class":42},[28,21121,2679],{"class":93},[14,21123,21124],{},"What these checks tell you:",[177,21126,21127,21132,21138,21144,21150],{},[180,21128,21129,21131],{},[25,21130,12462],{}," shows the full dictionary",[180,21133,21134,21137],{},[25,21135,21136],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[180,21139,21140,21143],{},[25,21141,21142],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[180,21145,21146,21149],{},[25,21147,21148],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[180,21151,21152,21155],{},[25,21153,21154],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21157,21158,21159,1323,21164,21168],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[381,21160,21161,21162,1689],{"href":16848},"the dictionary ",[25,21163,16851],{},[381,21165,21161,21166,1689],{"href":16861},[25,21167,16864],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[172,21170,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,21172,12487,21174,21176,21177,2262],{"id":21173},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[25,21175,10520],{}," raise ",[25,21178,19475],{},[14,21180,21181,21182,21184],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[25,21183,3546],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1109,21186,12487,21188,21190],{"id":21187},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[25,21189,10520],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21192,21193],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1109,21195,21197,21198,2262],{"id":21196},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[25,21199,10520],{},[14,21201,21202,21204],{},[25,21203,3546],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1109,21206,21208,21209,21211],{"id":21207},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[25,21210,10520],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21213,1631,21214,21216],{},[25,21215,10520],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[172,21218,1662],{"id":1661},[177,21220,21221,21225,21231,21237,21241,21246],{},[180,21222,21223],{},[381,21224,8934],{"href":8933},[180,21226,21227],{},[381,21228,10517,21229,1689],{"href":16848},[25,21230,16851],{},[180,21232,21233],{},[381,21234,10517,21235,1689],{"href":16861},[25,21236,16864],{},[180,21238,21239],{},[381,21240,16940],{"href":16939},[180,21242,21243],{},[381,21244,21245],{"href":16382},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[180,21247,21248],{},[381,21249,11042],{"href":10853},[1699,21251,21252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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brackets",[21263,21264],{"id":20176,"depth":70,"text":20177},{"id":19538,"depth":70,"text":10520},{"id":20375,"depth":53,"text":20376},{"id":20588,"depth":53,"text":20589,"children":21267},[21268,21270,21272],{"id":20597,"depth":70,"text":21269},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20683,"depth":70,"text":21271},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20772,"depth":70,"text":21273},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":21276},[21277,21279,21281,21283],{"id":21173,"depth":70,"text":21278},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21187,"depth":70,"text":21280},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21196,"depth":70,"text":21282},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21207,"depth":70,"text":21284},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19456,"description":21286},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21293,"title":21294,"body":21295,"description":23851,"extension":1730,"meta":23852,"navigation":107,"path":23853,"seo":23854,"stem":23855,"__hash__":23856},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21296,"toc":23817},[21297,21302,21308,21314,21316,21398,21402,21418,21423,21428,21433,21435,21449,21451,21514,21518,21558,21566,21568,21570,21585,21588,21601,21603,21682,21686,21752,21754,21758,21766,21768,21779,21781,21891,21895,21974,21980,21986,21991,22104,22108,22140,22143,22250,22256,22263,22267,22270,22373,22377,22438,22441,22444,22455,22464,22467,22484,22486,22585,22589,22664,22667,22690,22695,22700,22717,22719,22840,22844,22878,22880,22885,22892,22902,22904,22982,22985,23056,23066,23069,23101,23104,23143,23149,23156,23159,23250,23254,23335,23341,23344,23347,23452,23455,23458,23580,23584,23587,23654,23658,23695,23701,23703,23709,23714,23720,23727,23733,23736,23775,23781,23784,23786,23814],[10,21298,11098,21300,11102],{"id":21299},"python-dictionary-items-method",[25,21301,16864],{},[14,21303,679,21304,21307],{},[25,21305,21306],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21309,21310,21311,21313],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[25,21312,16864],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[172,21315,1771],{"id":1770},[18,21317,21319],{"className":20,"code":21318,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[25,21320,21321,21357,21361,21384],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21322,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21324,12989],{"class":34},[28,21326,39],{"class":38},[28,21328,10270],{"class":93},[28,21330,234],{"class":42},[28,21332,121],{"class":46},[28,21334,234],{"class":42},[28,21336,271],{"class":93},[28,21338,43],{"class":42},[28,21340,12664],{"class":46},[28,21342,234],{"class":42},[28,21344,2759],{"class":93},[28,21346,43],{"class":42},[28,21348,835],{"class":46},[28,21350,234],{"class":42},[28,21352,271],{"class":93},[28,21354,9084],{"class":97},[28,21356,9087],{"class":93},[28,21358,21359],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21360,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21362,21363,21365,21368,21370,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,21364,5734],{"class":3644},[28,21366,21367],{"class":34}," key",[28,21369,2759],{"class":93},[28,21371,21372],{"class":34}," value ",[28,21374,3651],{"class":3644},[28,21376,13032],{"class":34},[28,21378,385],{"class":93},[28,21380,7586],{"class":120},[28,21382,21383],{"class":93},"():\n",[28,21385,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,21387,7844],{"class":114},[28,21389,94],{"class":93},[28,21391,14627],{"class":120},[28,21393,2759],{"class":93},[28,21395,8210],{"class":120},[28,21397,101],{"class":93},[14,21399,21400],{},[163,21401,336],{},[18,21403,21405],{"className":20,"code":21404,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[25,21406,21407,21412],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21408,21409],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21410,21411],{"class":34},"name Ana\n",[28,21413,21414,21416],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21415,807],{"class":34},[28,21417,2477],{"class":97},[14,21419,1631,21420,21422],{},[25,21421,16864],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[172,21424,3445,21426,3448],{"id":21425},"what-items-does",[25,21427,16864],{},[14,21429,21430,21432],{},[25,21431,16864],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21434,11239],{},[177,21436,21437,21443,21446],{},[180,21438,21439,21440],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[25,21441,21442],{},"(key, value)",[180,21444,21445],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[180,21447,21448],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21450,924],{},[18,21452,21454],{"className":20,"code":21453,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[25,21455,21456,21492,21496],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21457,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21459,12989],{"class":34},[28,21461,39],{"class":38},[28,21463,10270],{"class":93},[28,21465,234],{"class":42},[28,21467,121],{"class":46},[28,21469,234],{"class":42},[28,21471,271],{"class":93},[28,21473,43],{"class":42},[28,21475,12664],{"class":46},[28,21477,234],{"class":42},[28,21479,2759],{"class":93},[28,21481,43],{"class":42},[28,21483,835],{"class":46},[28,21485,234],{"class":42},[28,21487,271],{"class":93},[28,21489,9084],{"class":97},[28,21491,9087],{"class":93},[28,21493,21494],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21495,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21497,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,21499,115],{"class":114},[28,21501,94],{"class":93},[28,21503,7869],{"class":89},[28,21505,94],{"class":93},[28,21507,17093],{"class":120},[28,21509,385],{"class":93},[28,21511,7586],{"class":120},[28,21513,6066],{"class":93},[14,21515,21516],{},[163,21517,336],{},[18,21519,21521],{"className":20,"code":21520,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[25,21522,21523],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21524,21525,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21526,21527],{"class":93},"[(",[28,21529,358],{"class":42},[28,21531,121],{"class":46},[28,21533,358],{"class":42},[28,21535,2759],{"class":93},[28,21537,61],{"class":42},[28,21539,12664],{"class":46},[28,21541,358],{"class":42},[28,21543,9012],{"class":93},[28,21545,9015],{"class":93},[28,21547,358],{"class":42},[28,21549,835],{"class":46},[28,21551,358],{"class":42},[28,21553,2759],{"class":93},[28,21555,9084],{"class":97},[28,21557,9028],{"class":93},[14,21559,21560,21561,474,21563,385],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[381,21562,8934],{"href":12807},[381,21564,14811],{"href":21565},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[172,21567,1927],{"id":1926},[14,21569,5209],{},[18,21571,21573],{"className":20,"code":21572,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict.items()\n",[25,21574,21575],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21576,21577,21579,21581,21583],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21578,11230],{"class":34},[28,21580,385],{"class":93},[28,21582,7586],{"class":120},[28,21584,8420],{"class":93},[14,21586,21587],{},"Things to remember:",[177,21589,21590,21595,21598],{},[180,21591,21592,21594],{},[25,21593,16864],{}," does not take any arguments",[180,21596,21597],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[180,21599,21600],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21602,924],{},[18,21604,21606],{"className":20,"code":21605,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[25,21607,21608,21640,21644,21658,21662,21672],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21609,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21611,4836],{"class":34},[28,21613,39],{"class":38},[28,21615,10270],{"class":93},[28,21617,234],{"class":42},[28,21619,47],{"class":46},[28,21621,234],{"class":42},[28,21623,271],{"class":93},[28,21625,19686],{"class":97},[28,21627,2759],{"class":93},[28,21629,43],{"class":42},[28,21631,4785],{"class":46},[28,21633,234],{"class":42},[28,21635,271],{"class":93},[28,21637,13292],{"class":97},[28,21639,9087],{"class":93},[28,21641,21642],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21643,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21645,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,21647,1999],{"class":34},[28,21649,39],{"class":38},[28,21651,4883],{"class":34},[28,21653,385],{"class":93},[28,21655,7586],{"class":120},[28,21657,8420],{"class":93},[28,21659,21660],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,21661,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21663,21664,21666,21668,21670],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,21665,115],{"class":114},[28,21667,94],{"class":93},[28,21669,2033],{"class":120},[28,21671,101],{"class":93},[28,21673,21674,21676,21678,21680],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,21675,115],{"class":114},[28,21677,94],{"class":93},[28,21679,16174],{"class":120},[28,21681,101],{"class":93},[14,21683,21684],{},[163,21685,336],{},[18,21687,21689],{"className":20,"code":21688,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[25,21690,21691,21724],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21692,21693,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21694,21695],{"class":120},"dict_items",[28,21697,9436],{"class":93},[28,21699,358],{"class":42},[28,21701,47],{"class":46},[28,21703,358],{"class":42},[28,21705,2759],{"class":93},[28,21707,19686],{"class":97},[28,21709,9012],{"class":93},[28,21711,9015],{"class":93},[28,21713,358],{"class":42},[28,21715,4785],{"class":46},[28,21717,358],{"class":42},[28,21719,2759],{"class":93},[28,21721,13292],{"class":97},[28,21723,10459],{"class":93},[28,21725,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21727,9057],{"class":93},[28,21729,358],{"class":42},[28,21731,47],{"class":46},[28,21733,358],{"class":42},[28,21735,271],{"class":93},[28,21737,19686],{"class":97},[28,21739,2759],{"class":93},[28,21741,61],{"class":42},[28,21743,4785],{"class":46},[28,21745,358],{"class":42},[28,21747,271],{"class":93},[28,21749,13292],{"class":97},[28,21751,9087],{"class":93},[14,21753,20680],{},[172,21755,21757],{"id":21756},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21759,21760,21762,21763,21765],{},[25,21761,16864],{}," returns a ",[25,21764,21695],{}," view object.",[14,21767,1875],{},[177,21769,21770,21773,21776],{},[180,21771,21772],{},"You can loop over it",[180,21774,21775],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[180,21777,21778],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21780,924],{},[18,21782,21784],{"className":20,"code":21783,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[25,21785,21786,21818,21832,21836,21850,21854,21873,21877],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21787,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21789,8944],{"class":34},[28,21791,39],{"class":38},[28,21793,10270],{"class":93},[28,21795,234],{"class":42},[28,21797,1944],{"class":46},[28,21799,234],{"class":42},[28,21801,271],{"class":93},[28,21803,5273],{"class":97},[28,21805,2759],{"class":93},[28,21807,43],{"class":42},[28,21809,11527],{"class":46},[28,21811,234],{"class":42},[28,21813,271],{"class":93},[28,21815,2762],{"class":97},[28,21817,9087],{"class":93},[28,21819,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21821,8994],{"class":34},[28,21823,39],{"class":38},[28,21825,14352],{"class":34},[28,21827,385],{"class":93},[28,21829,7586],{"class":120},[28,21831,8420],{"class":93},[28,21833,21834],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,21835,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21837,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,21839,115],{"class":114},[28,21841,94],{"class":93},[28,21843,7869],{"class":89},[28,21845,94],{"class":93},[28,21847,9041],{"class":120},[28,21849,318],{"class":93},[28,21851,21852],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,21853,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21855,21856,21858,21860,21862,21865,21867,21869,21871],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,21857,8983],{"class":34},[28,21859,3669],{"class":93},[28,21861,234],{"class":42},[28,21863,21864],{"class":46},"z",[28,21866,234],{"class":42},[28,21868,13058],{"class":93},[28,21870,13061],{"class":38},[28,21872,2347],{"class":97},[28,21874,21875],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,21876,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,21878,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,21880,115],{"class":114},[28,21882,94],{"class":93},[28,21884,7869],{"class":89},[28,21886,94],{"class":93},[28,21888,9041],{"class":120},[28,21890,318],{"class":93},[14,21892,21893],{},[163,21894,336],{},[18,21896,21898],{"className":20,"code":21897,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[25,21899,21900,21930],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21901,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21903,21527],{"class":93},[28,21905,358],{"class":42},[28,21907,1944],{"class":46},[28,21909,358],{"class":42},[28,21911,2759],{"class":93},[28,21913,5273],{"class":97},[28,21915,9012],{"class":93},[28,21917,9015],{"class":93},[28,21919,358],{"class":42},[28,21921,11527],{"class":46},[28,21923,358],{"class":42},[28,21925,2759],{"class":93},[28,21927,2762],{"class":97},[28,21929,9028],{"class":93},[28,21931,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,21933,21527],{"class":93},[28,21935,358],{"class":42},[28,21937,1944],{"class":46},[28,21939,358],{"class":42},[28,21941,2759],{"class":93},[28,21943,5273],{"class":97},[28,21945,9012],{"class":93},[28,21947,9015],{"class":93},[28,21949,358],{"class":42},[28,21951,11527],{"class":46},[28,21953,358],{"class":42},[28,21955,2759],{"class":93},[28,21957,2762],{"class":97},[28,21959,9012],{"class":93},[28,21961,9015],{"class":93},[28,21963,358],{"class":42},[28,21965,21864],{"class":46},[28,21967,358],{"class":42},[28,21969,2759],{"class":93},[28,21971,2221],{"class":97},[28,21973,9028],{"class":93},[14,21975,21976,21977,21979],{},"This happens because ",[25,21978,9041],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[172,21981,21983,21984],{"id":21982},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[25,21985,16864],{},[14,21987,21988,21989,271],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[25,21990,16864],{},[18,21992,21994],{"className":20,"code":21993,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[25,21995,21996,22049,22053,22073],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,21997,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,21999,12647],{"class":34},[28,22001,39],{"class":38},[28,22003,10270],{"class":93},[28,22005,234],{"class":42},[28,22007,121],{"class":46},[28,22009,234],{"class":42},[28,22011,271],{"class":93},[28,22013,43],{"class":42},[28,22015,7696],{"class":46},[28,22017,234],{"class":42},[28,22019,2759],{"class":93},[28,22021,43],{"class":42},[28,22023,19679],{"class":46},[28,22025,234],{"class":42},[28,22027,271],{"class":93},[28,22029,43],{"class":42},[28,22031,22032],{"class":46},"A",[28,22034,234],{"class":42},[28,22036,2759],{"class":93},[28,22038,43],{"class":42},[28,22040,835],{"class":46},[28,22042,234],{"class":42},[28,22044,271],{"class":93},[28,22046,13643],{"class":97},[28,22048,9087],{"class":93},[28,22050,22051],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22052,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22054,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22056,5734],{"class":3644},[28,22058,21367],{"class":34},[28,22060,2759],{"class":93},[28,22062,21372],{"class":34},[28,22064,3651],{"class":3644},[28,22066,12690],{"class":34},[28,22068,385],{"class":93},[28,22070,7586],{"class":120},[28,22072,21383],{"class":93},[28,22074,22075,22077,22079,22082,22084,22086,22088,22091,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,22076,7844],{"class":114},[28,22078,94],{"class":93},[28,22080,22081],{"class":349},"f",[28,22083,234],{"class":46},[28,22085,9057],{"class":97},[28,22087,14627],{"class":120},[28,22089,22090],{"class":97},"}",[28,22092,22093],{"class":46},": ",[28,22095,9057],{"class":97},[28,22097,2242],{"class":120},[28,22099,22090],{"class":97},[28,22101,234],{"class":46},[28,22103,101],{"class":93},[14,22105,22106],{},[163,22107,336],{},[18,22109,22111],{"className":20,"code":22110,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[25,22112,22113,22122,22131],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22114,22115,22117,22119],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22116,121],{"class":34},[28,22118,271],{"class":93},[28,22120,22121],{"class":34}," Mia\n",[28,22123,22124,22126,22128],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22125,19679],{"class":34},[28,22127,271],{"class":93},[28,22129,22130],{"class":34}," A\n",[28,22132,22133,22135,22137],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22134,835],{"class":34},[28,22136,271],{"class":93},[28,22138,22139],{"class":97}," 14\n",[14,22141,22142],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[18,22144,22146],{"className":20,"code":22145,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[25,22147,22148,22200,22204,22216],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22149,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22151,12647],{"class":34},[28,22153,39],{"class":38},[28,22155,10270],{"class":93},[28,22157,234],{"class":42},[28,22159,121],{"class":46},[28,22161,234],{"class":42},[28,22163,271],{"class":93},[28,22165,43],{"class":42},[28,22167,7696],{"class":46},[28,22169,234],{"class":42},[28,22171,2759],{"class":93},[28,22173,43],{"class":42},[28,22175,19679],{"class":46},[28,22177,234],{"class":42},[28,22179,271],{"class":93},[28,22181,43],{"class":42},[28,22183,22032],{"class":46},[28,22185,234],{"class":42},[28,22187,2759],{"class":93},[28,22189,43],{"class":42},[28,22191,835],{"class":46},[28,22193,234],{"class":42},[28,22195,271],{"class":93},[28,22197,13643],{"class":97},[28,22199,9087],{"class":93},[28,22201,22202],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22203,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22205,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22207,5734],{"class":3644},[28,22209,17996],{"class":34},[28,22211,3651],{"class":3644},[28,22213,12690],{"class":34},[28,22215,6170],{"class":93},[28,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,22219,7844],{"class":114},[28,22221,94],{"class":93},[28,22223,22081],{"class":349},[28,22225,234],{"class":46},[28,22227,9057],{"class":97},[28,22229,14627],{"class":120},[28,22231,22090],{"class":97},[28,22233,22093],{"class":46},[28,22235,9057],{"class":97},[28,22237,13411],{"class":120},[28,22239,3669],{"class":93},[28,22241,14627],{"class":120},[28,22243,13058],{"class":93},[28,22245,22090],{"class":97},[28,22247,234],{"class":46},[28,22249,101],{"class":93},[14,22251,6285,22252,22255],{},[25,22253,22254],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22257,22258,22259,385],{},"For a full guide, see ",[381,22260,22262],{"href":22261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[172,22264,22266],{"id":22265},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22268,22269],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[18,22271,22273],{"className":20,"code":22272,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[25,22274,22275,22334,22338,22358,22362],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22276,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22312,22314,22316,22318,22321,22323,22325,22327,22330,22332],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22278,12860],{"class":34},[28,22280,39],{"class":38},[28,22282,10270],{"class":93},[28,22284,234],{"class":42},[28,22286,3849],{"class":46},[28,22288,234],{"class":42},[28,22290,271],{"class":93},[28,22292,43],{"class":42},[28,22294,12877],{"class":46},[28,22296,234],{"class":42},[28,22298,2759],{"class":93},[28,22300,43],{"class":42},[28,22302,3858],{"class":46},[28,22304,234],{"class":42},[28,22306,271],{"class":93},[28,22308,43],{"class":42},[28,22310,22311],{"class":46},"yellow",[28,22313,234],{"class":42},[28,22315,2759],{"class":93},[28,22317,43],{"class":42},[28,22319,22320],{"class":46},"grape",[28,22322,234],{"class":42},[28,22324,271],{"class":93},[28,22326,43],{"class":42},[28,22328,22329],{"class":46},"purple",[28,22331,234],{"class":42},[28,22333,9087],{"class":93},[28,22335,22336],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22337,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22339,22340,22343,22345,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22341,22342],{"class":34},"pairs_list ",[28,22344,39],{"class":38},[28,22346,22347],{"class":89}," list",[28,22349,94],{"class":93},[28,22351,17289],{"class":120},[28,22353,385],{"class":93},[28,22355,7586],{"class":120},[28,22357,6970],{"class":93},[28,22359,22360],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,22361,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22363,22364,22366,22368,22371],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,22365,115],{"class":114},[28,22367,94],{"class":93},[28,22369,22370],{"class":120},"pairs_list",[28,22372,101],{"class":93},[14,22374,22375],{},[163,22376,336],{},[18,22378,22380],{"className":20,"code":22379,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[25,22381,22382],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22383,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22385,21527],{"class":93},[28,22387,358],{"class":42},[28,22389,3849],{"class":46},[28,22391,358],{"class":42},[28,22393,2759],{"class":93},[28,22395,61],{"class":42},[28,22397,12877],{"class":46},[28,22399,358],{"class":42},[28,22401,9012],{"class":93},[28,22403,9015],{"class":93},[28,22405,358],{"class":42},[28,22407,3858],{"class":46},[28,22409,358],{"class":42},[28,22411,2759],{"class":93},[28,22413,61],{"class":42},[28,22415,22311],{"class":46},[28,22417,358],{"class":42},[28,22419,9012],{"class":93},[28,22421,9015],{"class":93},[28,22423,358],{"class":42},[28,22425,22320],{"class":46},[28,22427,358],{"class":42},[28,22429,2759],{"class":93},[28,22431,61],{"class":42},[28,22433,22329],{"class":46},[28,22435,358],{"class":42},[28,22437,9028],{"class":93},[14,22439,22440],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22442,22443],{},"Use this when:",[177,22445,22446,22449,22452],{},[180,22447,22448],{},"You want clearer printed output",[180,22450,22451],{},"You need list behavior",[180,22453,22454],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[172,22456,22458,10365,22460,10365,22462],{"id":22457},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[25,22459,16864],{},[25,22461,16851],{},[25,22463,16857],{},[14,22465,22466],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[177,22468,22469,22474,22479],{},[180,22470,22471,22473],{},[25,22472,16864],{}," gives both key and value",[180,22475,22476,22478],{},[25,22477,16851],{}," gives only keys",[180,22480,22481,22483],{},[25,22482,16857],{}," gives only values",[14,22485,924],{},[18,22487,22489],{"className":20,"code":22488,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[25,22490,22491,22527,22531,22549,22567],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22492,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22494,12989],{"class":34},[28,22496,39],{"class":38},[28,22498,10270],{"class":93},[28,22500,234],{"class":42},[28,22502,121],{"class":46},[28,22504,234],{"class":42},[28,22506,271],{"class":93},[28,22508,43],{"class":42},[28,22510,12664],{"class":46},[28,22512,234],{"class":42},[28,22514,2759],{"class":93},[28,22516,43],{"class":42},[28,22518,835],{"class":46},[28,22520,234],{"class":42},[28,22522,271],{"class":93},[28,22524,9084],{"class":97},[28,22526,9087],{"class":93},[28,22528,22529],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22530,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22532,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22534,115],{"class":114},[28,22536,94],{"class":93},[28,22538,7869],{"class":89},[28,22540,94],{"class":93},[28,22542,17093],{"class":120},[28,22544,385],{"class":93},[28,22546,16709],{"class":120},[28,22548,6066],{"class":93},[28,22550,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,22552,115],{"class":114},[28,22554,94],{"class":93},[28,22556,7869],{"class":89},[28,22558,94],{"class":93},[28,22560,17093],{"class":120},[28,22562,385],{"class":93},[28,22564,5133],{"class":120},[28,22566,6066],{"class":93},[28,22568,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,22570,115],{"class":114},[28,22572,94],{"class":93},[28,22574,7869],{"class":89},[28,22576,94],{"class":93},[28,22578,17093],{"class":120},[28,22580,385],{"class":93},[28,22582,7586],{"class":120},[28,22584,6066],{"class":93},[14,22586,22587],{},[163,22588,336],{},[18,22590,22592],{"className":20,"code":22591,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[25,22593,22594,22614,22630],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22595,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22597,3669],{"class":93},[28,22599,358],{"class":42},[28,22601,121],{"class":46},[28,22603,358],{"class":42},[28,22605,2759],{"class":93},[28,22607,61],{"class":42},[28,22609,835],{"class":46},[28,22611,358],{"class":42},[28,22613,3401],{"class":93},[28,22615,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22617,3669],{"class":93},[28,22619,358],{"class":42},[28,22621,12664],{"class":46},[28,22623,358],{"class":42},[28,22625,2759],{"class":93},[28,22627,9084],{"class":97},[28,22629,3401],{"class":93},[28,22631,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22633,21527],{"class":93},[28,22635,358],{"class":42},[28,22637,121],{"class":46},[28,22639,358],{"class":42},[28,22641,2759],{"class":93},[28,22643,61],{"class":42},[28,22645,12664],{"class":46},[28,22647,358],{"class":42},[28,22649,9012],{"class":93},[28,22651,9015],{"class":93},[28,22653,358],{"class":42},[28,22655,835],{"class":46},[28,22657,358],{"class":42},[28,22659,2759],{"class":93},[28,22661,9084],{"class":97},[28,22663,9028],{"class":93},[14,22665,22666],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[177,22668,22669,22677,22685],{},[180,22670,22671,22672],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[381,22673,22675],{"href":22674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[25,22676,16851],{},[180,22678,22679,22680],{},"Need just values? Use ",[381,22681,22683],{"href":22682},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[25,22684,16857],{},[180,22686,22687,22688],{},"Need both together? Use ",[25,22689,16864],{},[172,22691,4734,22693],{"id":22692},"when-to-use-items",[25,22694,16864],{},[14,22696,22697,22699],{},[25,22698,16864],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[177,22701,22702,22705,22708,22711,22714],{},[180,22703,22704],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[180,22706,22707],{},"Building formatted output",[180,22709,22710],{},"Looping through settings and values",[180,22712,22713],{},"Showing names with scores",[180,22715,22716],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22718,924],{},[18,22720,22722],{"className":20,"code":22721,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[25,22723,22724,22732,22750,22769,22781,22785,22789,22810],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22725,22726,22728,22730],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22727,13611],{"class":34},[28,22729,39],{"class":38},[28,22731,11274],{"class":93},[28,22733,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22735,11279],{"class":42},[28,22737,12277],{"class":46},[28,22739,234],{"class":42},[28,22741,271],{"class":93},[28,22743,43],{"class":42},[28,22745,12286],{"class":46},[28,22747,234],{"class":42},[28,22749,11295],{"class":93},[28,22751,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22765,22767],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22753,11279],{"class":42},[28,22755,19911],{"class":46},[28,22757,234],{"class":42},[28,22759,271],{"class":93},[28,22761,43],{"class":42},[28,22763,22764],{"class":46},"English",[28,22766,234],{"class":42},[28,22768,11295],{"class":93},[28,22770,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,22772,11279],{"class":42},[28,22774,18312],{"class":46},[28,22776,234],{"class":42},[28,22778,271],{"class":93},[28,22780,6199],{"class":776},[28,22782,22783],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,22784,9087],{"class":93},[28,22786,22787],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,22788,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22790,22791,22793,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,22792,5734],{"class":3644},[28,22794,22795],{"class":34}," setting",[28,22797,2759],{"class":93},[28,22799,21372],{"class":34},[28,22801,3651],{"class":3644},[28,22803,13655],{"class":34},[28,22805,385],{"class":93},[28,22807,7586],{"class":120},[28,22809,21383],{"class":93},[28,22811,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22825,22827,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,22813,7844],{"class":114},[28,22815,94],{"class":93},[28,22817,22081],{"class":349},[28,22819,234],{"class":46},[28,22821,9057],{"class":97},[28,22823,22824],{"class":120},"setting",[28,22826,22090],{"class":97},[28,22828,22829],{"class":46}," = ",[28,22831,9057],{"class":97},[28,22833,2242],{"class":120},[28,22835,22090],{"class":97},[28,22837,234],{"class":46},[28,22839,101],{"class":93},[14,22841,22842],{},[163,22843,336],{},[18,22845,22847],{"className":20,"code":22846,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[25,22848,22849,22859,22869],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22850,22851,22854,22856],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22852,22853],{"class":34},"theme ",[28,22855,39],{"class":38},[28,22857,22858],{"class":34}," dark\n",[28,22860,22861,22864,22866],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22862,22863],{"class":34},"language ",[28,22865,39],{"class":38},[28,22867,22868],{"class":34}," English\n",[28,22870,22871,22874,22876],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22872,22873],{"class":34},"notifications ",[28,22875,39],{"class":38},[28,22877,6199],{"class":776},[172,22879,1104],{"id":1103},[14,22881,22882,22883,385],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[25,22884,16864],{},[1109,22886,22888,22889,22891],{"id":22887},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[25,22890,16864],{}," incorrectly",[14,22893,22894,22895,22897,22898,22901],{},"Each result from ",[25,22896,16864],{}," has ",[163,22899,22900],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22903,6463],{},[18,22905,22906],{"className":20,"code":21318,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,22907,22908,22944,22948,22968],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22909,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22911,12989],{"class":34},[28,22913,39],{"class":38},[28,22915,10270],{"class":93},[28,22917,234],{"class":42},[28,22919,121],{"class":46},[28,22921,234],{"class":42},[28,22923,271],{"class":93},[28,22925,43],{"class":42},[28,22927,12664],{"class":46},[28,22929,234],{"class":42},[28,22931,2759],{"class":93},[28,22933,43],{"class":42},[28,22935,835],{"class":46},[28,22937,234],{"class":42},[28,22939,271],{"class":93},[28,22941,9084],{"class":97},[28,22943,9087],{"class":93},[28,22945,22946],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,22947,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,22949,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,22951,5734],{"class":3644},[28,22953,21367],{"class":34},[28,22955,2759],{"class":93},[28,22957,21372],{"class":34},[28,22959,3651],{"class":3644},[28,22961,13032],{"class":34},[28,22963,385],{"class":93},[28,22965,7586],{"class":120},[28,22967,21383],{"class":93},[28,22969,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,22971,7844],{"class":114},[28,22973,94],{"class":93},[28,22975,14627],{"class":120},[28,22977,2759],{"class":93},[28,22979,8210],{"class":120},[28,22981,101],{"class":93},[14,22983,22984],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[18,22986,22988],{"className":20,"code":22987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[25,22989,22990,23026,23030,23046],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,22991,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,22993,12989],{"class":34},[28,22995,39],{"class":38},[28,22997,10270],{"class":93},[28,22999,234],{"class":42},[28,23001,121],{"class":46},[28,23003,234],{"class":42},[28,23005,271],{"class":93},[28,23007,43],{"class":42},[28,23009,12664],{"class":46},[28,23011,234],{"class":42},[28,23013,2759],{"class":93},[28,23015,43],{"class":42},[28,23017,835],{"class":46},[28,23019,234],{"class":42},[28,23021,271],{"class":93},[28,23023,9084],{"class":97},[28,23025,9087],{"class":93},[28,23027,23028],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23029,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23031,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23033,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23035,17996],{"class":34},[28,23037,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23039,13032],{"class":34},[28,23041,385],{"class":93},[28,23043,7586],{"class":120},[28,23045,21383],{"class":93},[28,23047,23048,23050,23052,23054],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,23049,7844],{"class":114},[28,23051,94],{"class":93},[28,23053,14627],{"class":120},[28,23055,101],{"class":93},[14,23057,23058,23059,23061,23062,23065],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[25,23060,14627],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[25,23063,23064],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23067,23068],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[18,23070,23072],{"className":20,"code":23071,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[25,23073,23074,23090],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23075,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23077,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23079,5737],{"class":34},[28,23081,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23083,13032],{"class":34},[28,23085,385],{"class":93},[28,23087,7586],{"class":120},[28,23089,21383],{"class":93},[28,23091,23092,23094,23096,23099],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23093,7844],{"class":114},[28,23095,94],{"class":93},[28,23097,23098],{"class":120},"item",[28,23100,101],{"class":93},[14,23102,23103],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[18,23105,23107],{"className":20,"code":23106,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[25,23108,23109,23129],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23110,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23112,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23114,21367],{"class":34},[28,23116,2759],{"class":93},[28,23118,21372],{"class":34},[28,23120,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23122,13032],{"class":34},[28,23124,385],{"class":93},[28,23126,7586],{"class":120},[28,23128,21383],{"class":93},[28,23130,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23132,7844],{"class":114},[28,23134,94],{"class":93},[28,23136,14627],{"class":120},[28,23138,2759],{"class":93},[28,23140,8210],{"class":120},[28,23142,101],{"class":93},[1109,23144,8230,23146,23148],{"id":23145},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[25,23147,16864],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23150,23151,21762,23153,23155],{},[25,23152,16864],{},[25,23154,21695],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23157,23158],{},"Check it:",[18,23160,23162],{"className":20,"code":23161,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[25,23163,23164,23196,23200,23214,23232],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23165,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23167,11506],{"class":34},[28,23169,39],{"class":38},[28,23171,10270],{"class":93},[28,23173,234],{"class":42},[28,23175,381],{"class":46},[28,23177,234],{"class":42},[28,23179,271],{"class":93},[28,23181,5273],{"class":97},[28,23183,2759],{"class":93},[28,23185,43],{"class":42},[28,23187,4533],{"class":46},[28,23189,234],{"class":42},[28,23191,271],{"class":93},[28,23193,2762],{"class":97},[28,23195,9087],{"class":93},[28,23197,23198],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23199,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23201,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23203,115],{"class":114},[28,23205,94],{"class":93},[28,23207,11230],{"class":120},[28,23209,385],{"class":93},[28,23211,7586],{"class":120},[28,23213,6970],{"class":93},[28,23215,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,23217,115],{"class":114},[28,23219,94],{"class":93},[28,23221,311],{"class":89},[28,23223,94],{"class":93},[28,23225,11230],{"class":120},[28,23227,385],{"class":93},[28,23229,7586],{"class":120},[28,23231,6066],{"class":93},[28,23233,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,23235,115],{"class":114},[28,23237,94],{"class":93},[28,23239,7869],{"class":89},[28,23241,94],{"class":93},[28,23243,11230],{"class":120},[28,23245,385],{"class":93},[28,23247,7586],{"class":120},[28,23249,6066],{"class":93},[14,23251,23252],{},[163,23253,336],{},[18,23255,23257],{"className":20,"code":23256,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[25,23258,23259,23291,23305],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23260,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23262,21695],{"class":120},[28,23264,9436],{"class":93},[28,23266,358],{"class":42},[28,23268,381],{"class":46},[28,23270,358],{"class":42},[28,23272,2759],{"class":93},[28,23274,5273],{"class":97},[28,23276,9012],{"class":93},[28,23278,9015],{"class":93},[28,23280,358],{"class":42},[28,23282,4533],{"class":46},[28,23284,358],{"class":42},[28,23286,2759],{"class":93},[28,23288,2762],{"class":97},[28,23290,10459],{"class":93},[28,23292,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23294,346],{"class":38},[28,23296,350],{"class":349},[28,23298,61],{"class":42},[28,23300,21695],{"class":46},[28,23302,358],{"class":42},[28,23304,361],{"class":38},[28,23306,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23308,21527],{"class":93},[28,23310,358],{"class":42},[28,23312,381],{"class":46},[28,23314,358],{"class":42},[28,23316,2759],{"class":93},[28,23318,5273],{"class":97},[28,23320,9012],{"class":93},[28,23322,9015],{"class":93},[28,23324,358],{"class":42},[28,23326,4533],{"class":46},[28,23328,358],{"class":42},[28,23330,2759],{"class":93},[28,23332,2762],{"class":97},[28,23334,9028],{"class":93},[1109,23336,23338,23339],{"id":23337},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[25,23340,16864],{},[14,23342,23343],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23345,23346],{},"Problem example:",[18,23348,23350],{"className":20,"code":23349,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[25,23351,23352,23396,23400,23420,23432],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23353,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23355,3383],{"class":34},[28,23357,39],{"class":38},[28,23359,10270],{"class":93},[28,23361,234],{"class":42},[28,23363,381],{"class":46},[28,23365,234],{"class":42},[28,23367,271],{"class":93},[28,23369,5273],{"class":97},[28,23371,2759],{"class":93},[28,23373,43],{"class":42},[28,23375,4533],{"class":46},[28,23377,234],{"class":42},[28,23379,271],{"class":93},[28,23381,2762],{"class":97},[28,23383,2759],{"class":93},[28,23385,43],{"class":42},[28,23387,9518],{"class":46},[28,23389,234],{"class":42},[28,23391,271],{"class":93},[28,23393,2221],{"class":97},[28,23395,9087],{"class":93},[28,23397,23398],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23399,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23401,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23403,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23405,21367],{"class":34},[28,23407,2759],{"class":93},[28,23409,21372],{"class":34},[28,23411,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23413,4034],{"class":34},[28,23415,385],{"class":93},[28,23417,7586],{"class":120},[28,23419,21383],{"class":93},[28,23421,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,23423,6175],{"class":3644},[28,23425,21372],{"class":34},[28,23427,4460],{"class":38},[28,23429,2762],{"class":97},[28,23431,6170],{"class":93},[28,23433,23434,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,23435,23436],{"class":34},"        numbers",[28,23438,3669],{"class":93},[28,23440,234],{"class":42},[28,23442,18555],{"class":46},[28,23444,234],{"class":42},[28,23446,13058],{"class":93},[28,23448,13061],{"class":38},[28,23450,23451],{"class":97}," 4\n",[14,23453,23454],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23456,23457],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[18,23459,23461],{"className":20,"code":23460,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,23462,23463,23507,23511,23536,23548,23566,23570],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23464,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23466,3383],{"class":34},[28,23468,39],{"class":38},[28,23470,10270],{"class":93},[28,23472,234],{"class":42},[28,23474,381],{"class":46},[28,23476,234],{"class":42},[28,23478,271],{"class":93},[28,23480,5273],{"class":97},[28,23482,2759],{"class":93},[28,23484,43],{"class":42},[28,23486,4533],{"class":46},[28,23488,234],{"class":42},[28,23490,271],{"class":93},[28,23492,2762],{"class":97},[28,23494,2759],{"class":93},[28,23496,43],{"class":42},[28,23498,9518],{"class":46},[28,23500,234],{"class":42},[28,23502,271],{"class":93},[28,23504,2221],{"class":97},[28,23506,9087],{"class":93},[28,23508,23509],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23510,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23512,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23514,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23516,21367],{"class":34},[28,23518,2759],{"class":93},[28,23520,21372],{"class":34},[28,23522,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23524,22347],{"class":89},[28,23526,94],{"class":93},[28,23528,3415],{"class":120},[28,23530,385],{"class":93},[28,23532,7586],{"class":120},[28,23534,23535],{"class":93},"()):\n",[28,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,23539,6175],{"class":3644},[28,23541,21372],{"class":34},[28,23543,4460],{"class":38},[28,23545,2762],{"class":97},[28,23547,6170],{"class":93},[28,23549,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,23551,23436],{"class":34},[28,23553,3669],{"class":93},[28,23555,234],{"class":42},[28,23557,18555],{"class":46},[28,23559,234],{"class":42},[28,23561,13058],{"class":93},[28,23563,13061],{"class":38},[28,23565,23451],{"class":97},[28,23567,23568],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,23569,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23571,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,23573,115],{"class":114},[28,23575,94],{"class":93},[28,23577,3415],{"class":120},[28,23579,101],{"class":93},[1109,23581,23583],{"id":23582},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23585,23586],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[18,23588,23590],{"className":20,"code":23589,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[25,23591,23592,23624,23628,23644],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23593,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23595,8944],{"class":34},[28,23597,39],{"class":38},[28,23599,10270],{"class":93},[28,23601,234],{"class":42},[28,23603,1944],{"class":46},[28,23605,234],{"class":42},[28,23607,271],{"class":93},[28,23609,5781],{"class":97},[28,23611,2759],{"class":93},[28,23613,43],{"class":42},[28,23615,11527],{"class":46},[28,23617,234],{"class":42},[28,23619,271],{"class":93},[28,23621,7566],{"class":97},[28,23623,9087],{"class":93},[28,23625,23626],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23627,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23629,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23631,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23633,5737],{"class":34},[28,23635,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23637,14352],{"class":34},[28,23639,385],{"class":93},[28,23641,7586],{"class":120},[28,23643,21383],{"class":93},[28,23645,23646,23648,23650,23652],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,23647,7844],{"class":114},[28,23649,94],{"class":93},[28,23651,23098],{"class":120},[28,23653,101],{"class":93},[14,23655,23656],{},[163,23657,336],{},[18,23659,23661],{"className":20,"code":23660,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[25,23662,23663,23679],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23664,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23666,94],{"class":93},[28,23668,358],{"class":42},[28,23670,1944],{"class":46},[28,23672,358],{"class":42},[28,23674,2759],{"class":93},[28,23676,5781],{"class":97},[28,23678,101],{"class":93},[28,23680,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23682,94],{"class":93},[28,23684,358],{"class":42},[28,23686,11527],{"class":46},[28,23688,358],{"class":42},[28,23690,2759],{"class":93},[28,23692,7566],{"class":97},[28,23694,101],{"class":93},[14,23696,23697,23698,23700],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[25,23699,21442],{}," pair.",[172,23702,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,23704,23706,23707,4918],{"id":23705},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[25,23708,16864],{},[14,23710,17208,23711,23713],{},[25,23712,21695],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1109,23715,12487,23717,23719],{"id":23716},"does-items-return-a-list",[25,23718,16864],{}," return a list?",[14,23721,23722,23723,23726],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[25,23724,23725],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1109,23728,23730,23731,2262],{"id":23729},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[25,23732,16864],{},[14,23734,23735],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[18,23737,23739],{"className":20,"code":23738,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[25,23740,23741,23761],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23742,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23744,5734],{"class":3644},[28,23746,21367],{"class":34},[28,23748,2759],{"class":93},[28,23750,21372],{"class":34},[28,23752,3651],{"class":3644},[28,23754,11548],{"class":34},[28,23756,385],{"class":93},[28,23758,7586],{"class":120},[28,23760,21383],{"class":93},[28,23762,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23764,7844],{"class":114},[28,23766,94],{"class":93},[28,23768,14627],{"class":120},[28,23770,2759],{"class":93},[28,23772,8210],{"class":120},[28,23774,101],{"class":93},[1109,23776,12487,23778,23780],{"id":23777},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[25,23779,16864],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23782,23783],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[172,23785,1662],{"id":1661},[177,23787,23788,23794,23800,23805,23809],{},[180,23789,23790],{},[381,23791,10517,23792,1689],{"href":22674},[25,23793,16851],{},[180,23795,23796],{},[381,23797,10517,23798,1689],{"href":22682},[25,23799,16857],{},[180,23801,23802],{},[381,23803,23804],{"href":22261},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[180,23806,23807],{},[381,23808,8934],{"href":12807},[180,23810,23811],{},[381,23812,23813],{"href":21565},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1699,23815,23816],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":23818},[23819,23820,23822,23823,23824,23826,23827,23829,23831,23840,23850],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":21425,"depth":53,"text":23821},"What items() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":21756,"depth":53,"text":21757},{"id":21982,"depth":53,"text":23825},"Looping with items()",{"id":22265,"depth":53,"text":22266},{"id":22457,"depth":53,"text":23828},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22692,"depth":53,"text":23830},"When to use items()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":23832},[23833,23835,23837,23839],{"id":22887,"depth":70,"text":23834},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23145,"depth":70,"text":23836},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23337,"depth":70,"text":23838},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23582,"depth":70,"text":23583},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":23841},[23842,23844,23846,23848],{"id":23705,"depth":70,"text":23843},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23716,"depth":70,"text":23845},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23729,"depth":70,"text":23847},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23777,"depth":70,"text":23849},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21294,"description":23851},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23858,"title":23859,"body":23860,"description":25951,"extension":1730,"meta":25952,"navigation":107,"path":22674,"seo":25953,"stem":25954,"__hash__":25955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23861,"toc":25917},[23862,23867,23873,23876,23887,23894,23896,23979,23983,24030,24035,24040,24045,24047,24063,24065,24164,24168,24225,24228,24230,24233,24326,24330,24393,24396,24412,24417,24419,24421,24436,24438,24449,24451,24494,24497,24541,24544,24546,24553,24556,24573,24575,24668,24672,24713,24725,24729,24732,24820,24824,24844,24847,24874,24881,24886,24890,24901,24903,25007,25011,25037,25040,25107,25112,25115,25138,25143,25147,25152,25158,25163,25165,25220,25224,25251,25258,25264,25267,25292,25298,25324,25327,25402,25409,25414,25416,25455,25473,25477,25480,25523,25526,25528,25547,25549,25554,25579,25582,25652,25655,25728,25732,25734,25795,25798,25814,25816,25821,25826,25833,25842,25848,25854,25861,25867,25871,25876,25878,25914],[10,23863,11098,23865,11102],{"id":23864},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[25,23866,16851],{},[14,23868,23869,23870,23872],{},"The Python dictionary ",[25,23871,16851],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23874,23875],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[177,23877,23878,23881,23884],{},[180,23879,23880],{},"view the available keys",[180,23882,23883],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[180,23885,23886],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23888,23889,23891,23892,385],{},[25,23890,16851],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[25,23893,16800],{},[172,23895,1771],{"id":1770},[18,23897,23899],{"className":20,"code":23898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[25,23900,23901,23937,23951,23955,23965],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23902,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23904,12647],{"class":34},[28,23906,39],{"class":38},[28,23908,10270],{"class":93},[28,23910,234],{"class":42},[28,23912,121],{"class":46},[28,23914,234],{"class":42},[28,23916,271],{"class":93},[28,23918,43],{"class":42},[28,23920,12664],{"class":46},[28,23922,234],{"class":42},[28,23924,2759],{"class":93},[28,23926,43],{"class":42},[28,23928,835],{"class":46},[28,23930,234],{"class":42},[28,23932,271],{"class":93},[28,23934,7566],{"class":97},[28,23936,9087],{"class":93},[28,23938,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,23940,17028],{"class":34},[28,23942,39],{"class":38},[28,23944,12690],{"class":34},[28,23946,385],{"class":93},[28,23948,16709],{"class":120},[28,23950,8420],{"class":93},[28,23952,23953],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,23954,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,23956,23957,23959,23961,23963],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,23958,115],{"class":114},[28,23960,94],{"class":93},[28,23962,16709],{"class":120},[28,23964,101],{"class":93},[28,23966,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,23968,115],{"class":114},[28,23970,94],{"class":93},[28,23972,7869],{"class":89},[28,23974,94],{"class":93},[28,23976,16709],{"class":120},[28,23978,318],{"class":93},[14,23980,23981],{},[163,23982,336],{},[18,23984,23986],{"className":20,"code":23985,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[25,23987,23988,24010],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,23989,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,23991,16800],{"class":120},[28,23993,2753],{"class":93},[28,23995,358],{"class":42},[28,23997,121],{"class":46},[28,23999,358],{"class":42},[28,24001,2759],{"class":93},[28,24003,61],{"class":42},[28,24005,835],{"class":46},[28,24007,358],{"class":42},[28,24009,3657],{"class":93},[28,24011,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24013,3669],{"class":93},[28,24015,358],{"class":42},[28,24017,121],{"class":46},[28,24019,358],{"class":42},[28,24021,2759],{"class":93},[28,24023,61],{"class":42},[28,24025,835],{"class":46},[28,24027,358],{"class":42},[28,24029,3401],{"class":93},[14,24031,1631,24032,24034],{},[25,24033,16851],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[172,24036,3445,24038,3448],{"id":24037},"what-keys-does",[25,24039,16851],{},[14,24041,24042,24044],{},[25,24043,16851],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24046,11239],{},[177,24048,24049,24052,24055,24060],{},[180,24050,24051],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[180,24053,24054],{},"It does not need any arguments",[180,24056,17208,24057,24059],{},[25,24058,16800],{}," view object, not a list",[180,24061,24062],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24064,924],{},[18,24066,24068],{"className":20,"code":24067,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[25,24069,24070,24106,24110,24124,24128,24150],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24071,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24073,12989],{"class":34},[28,24075,39],{"class":38},[28,24077,10270],{"class":93},[28,24079,234],{"class":42},[28,24081,121],{"class":46},[28,24083,234],{"class":42},[28,24085,271],{"class":93},[28,24087,43],{"class":42},[28,24089,13006],{"class":46},[28,24091,234],{"class":42},[28,24093,2759],{"class":93},[28,24095,43],{"class":42},[28,24097,835],{"class":46},[28,24099,234],{"class":42},[28,24101,271],{"class":93},[28,24103,9084],{"class":97},[28,24105,9087],{"class":93},[28,24107,24108],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24109,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24111,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,24113,115],{"class":114},[28,24115,94],{"class":93},[28,24117,17093],{"class":120},[28,24119,385],{"class":93},[28,24121,16709],{"class":120},[28,24123,6970],{"class":93},[28,24125,24126],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,24127,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,24131,17093],{"class":34},[28,24133,3669],{"class":93},[28,24135,234],{"class":42},[28,24137,10188],{"class":46},[28,24139,234],{"class":42},[28,24141,13058],{"class":93},[28,24143,13061],{"class":38},[28,24145,43],{"class":42},[28,24147,10195],{"class":46},[28,24149,50],{"class":42},[28,24151,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,24153,115],{"class":114},[28,24155,94],{"class":93},[28,24157,17093],{"class":120},[28,24159,385],{"class":93},[28,24161,16709],{"class":120},[28,24163,6970],{"class":93},[14,24165,24166],{},[163,24167,336],{},[18,24169,24171],{"className":20,"code":24170,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[25,24172,24173,24195],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24174,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24176,16800],{"class":120},[28,24178,2753],{"class":93},[28,24180,358],{"class":42},[28,24182,121],{"class":46},[28,24184,358],{"class":42},[28,24186,2759],{"class":93},[28,24188,61],{"class":42},[28,24190,835],{"class":46},[28,24192,358],{"class":42},[28,24194,3657],{"class":93},[28,24196,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24198,16800],{"class":120},[28,24200,2753],{"class":93},[28,24202,358],{"class":42},[28,24204,121],{"class":46},[28,24206,358],{"class":42},[28,24208,2759],{"class":93},[28,24210,61],{"class":42},[28,24212,835],{"class":46},[28,24214,358],{"class":42},[28,24216,2759],{"class":93},[28,24218,61],{"class":42},[28,24220,10188],{"class":46},[28,24222,358],{"class":42},[28,24224,3657],{"class":93},[14,24226,24227],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[172,24229,5563],{"id":5562},[14,24231,24232],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[18,24234,24236],{"className":20,"code":24235,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[25,24237,24238,24290,24294,24308],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24239,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24241,8944],{"class":34},[28,24243,39],{"class":38},[28,24245,10270],{"class":93},[28,24247,234],{"class":42},[28,24249,121],{"class":46},[28,24251,234],{"class":42},[28,24253,271],{"class":93},[28,24255,43],{"class":42},[28,24257,12664],{"class":46},[28,24259,234],{"class":42},[28,24261,2759],{"class":93},[28,24263,43],{"class":42},[28,24265,835],{"class":46},[28,24267,234],{"class":42},[28,24269,271],{"class":93},[28,24271,7566],{"class":97},[28,24273,2759],{"class":93},[28,24275,43],{"class":42},[28,24277,19679],{"class":46},[28,24279,234],{"class":42},[28,24281,271],{"class":93},[28,24283,43],{"class":42},[28,24285,22032],{"class":46},[28,24287,234],{"class":42},[28,24289,9087],{"class":93},[28,24291,24292],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24293,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,24297,115],{"class":114},[28,24299,94],{"class":93},[28,24301,8983],{"class":120},[28,24303,385],{"class":93},[28,24305,16709],{"class":120},[28,24307,6970],{"class":93},[28,24309,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,24311,115],{"class":114},[28,24313,94],{"class":93},[28,24315,7869],{"class":89},[28,24317,94],{"class":93},[28,24319,8983],{"class":120},[28,24321,385],{"class":93},[28,24323,16709],{"class":120},[28,24325,6066],{"class":93},[14,24327,24328],{},[163,24329,336],{},[18,24331,24333],{"className":20,"code":24332,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[25,24334,24335,24365],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24336,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24338,16800],{"class":120},[28,24340,2753],{"class":93},[28,24342,358],{"class":42},[28,24344,121],{"class":46},[28,24346,358],{"class":42},[28,24348,2759],{"class":93},[28,24350,61],{"class":42},[28,24352,835],{"class":46},[28,24354,358],{"class":42},[28,24356,2759],{"class":93},[28,24358,61],{"class":42},[28,24360,19679],{"class":46},[28,24362,358],{"class":42},[28,24364,3657],{"class":93},[28,24366,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24368,3669],{"class":93},[28,24370,358],{"class":42},[28,24372,121],{"class":46},[28,24374,358],{"class":42},[28,24376,2759],{"class":93},[28,24378,61],{"class":42},[28,24380,835],{"class":46},[28,24382,358],{"class":42},[28,24384,2759],{"class":93},[28,24386,61],{"class":42},[28,24388,19679],{"class":46},[28,24390,358],{"class":42},[28,24392,3401],{"class":93},[14,24394,24395],{},"This shows two things:",[177,24397,24398,24406],{},[180,24399,24400,21762,24403,24405],{},[25,24401,24402],{},"data.keys()",[25,24404,16800],{}," object",[180,24407,24408,24411],{},[25,24409,24410],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24413,8930,24414,385],{},[381,24415,24416],{"href":9169},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[172,24418,5206],{"id":5205},[14,24420,1930],{},[18,24422,24424],{"className":20,"code":24423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict.keys()\n",[25,24425,24426],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24427,24428,24430,24432,24434],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24429,11230],{"class":34},[28,24431,385],{"class":93},[28,24433,16709],{"class":120},[28,24435,8420],{"class":93},[14,24437,21587],{},[177,24439,24440,24443,24446],{},[180,24441,24442],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[180,24444,24445],{},"It takes no parameters",[180,24447,24448],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24450,16441],{},[18,24452,24454],{"className":20,"code":24453,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[25,24455,24456,24480],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24457,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24459,12647],{"class":34},[28,24461,39],{"class":38},[28,24463,10270],{"class":93},[28,24465,234],{"class":42},[28,24467,121],{"class":46},[28,24469,234],{"class":42},[28,24471,271],{"class":93},[28,24473,43],{"class":42},[28,24475,12664],{"class":46},[28,24477,234],{"class":42},[28,24479,9087],{"class":93},[28,24481,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24483,115],{"class":114},[28,24485,94],{"class":93},[28,24487,13411],{"class":120},[28,24489,385],{"class":93},[28,24491,16709],{"class":120},[28,24493,6970],{"class":93},[14,24495,24496],{},"Incorrect:",[18,24498,24500],{"className":20,"code":24499,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[25,24501,24502,24526],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24503,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24505,12647],{"class":34},[28,24507,39],{"class":38},[28,24509,10270],{"class":93},[28,24511,234],{"class":42},[28,24513,121],{"class":46},[28,24515,234],{"class":42},[28,24517,271],{"class":93},[28,24519,43],{"class":42},[28,24521,12664],{"class":46},[28,24523,234],{"class":42},[28,24525,9087],{"class":93},[28,24527,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24539],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24529,115],{"class":114},[28,24531,94],{"class":93},[28,24533,13411],{"class":120},[28,24535,385],{"class":93},[28,24537,16709],{"class":24538},"skxfh",[28,24540,101],{"class":93},[14,24542,24543],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[172,24545,17205],{"id":17204},[14,24547,24548,21762,24550,24552],{},[25,24549,16851],{},[25,24551,16800],{}," object.",[14,24554,24555],{},"This object:",[177,24557,24558,24561,24564,24570],{},[180,24559,24560],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[180,24562,24563],{},"can be used in a loop",[180,24565,24566,24567],{},"can be converted with ",[25,24568,24569],{},"list()",[180,24571,24572],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24574,924],{},[18,24576,24578],{"className":20,"code":24577,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,24579,24580,24621,24625,24640,24644,24654],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24581,24582,24585,24587,24589,24591,24594,24596,24598,24600,24603,24605,24607,24609,24612,24614,24616,24619],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24583,24584],{"class":34},"car ",[28,24586,39],{"class":38},[28,24588,10270],{"class":93},[28,24590,234],{"class":42},[28,24592,24593],{"class":46},"brand",[28,24595,234],{"class":42},[28,24597,271],{"class":93},[28,24599,43],{"class":42},[28,24601,24602],{"class":46},"Toyota",[28,24604,234],{"class":42},[28,24606,2759],{"class":93},[28,24608,43],{"class":42},[28,24610,24611],{"class":46},"year",[28,24613,234],{"class":42},[28,24615,271],{"class":93},[28,24617,24618],{"class":97}," 2020",[28,24620,9087],{"class":93},[28,24622,24623],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24624,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24626,24627,24629,24631,24634,24636,24638],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,24628,1999],{"class":34},[28,24630,39],{"class":38},[28,24632,24633],{"class":34}," car",[28,24635,385],{"class":93},[28,24637,16709],{"class":120},[28,24639,8420],{"class":93},[28,24641,24642],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,24643,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24645,24646,24648,24650,24652],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,24647,115],{"class":114},[28,24649,94],{"class":93},[28,24651,2033],{"class":120},[28,24653,101],{"class":93},[28,24655,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,24657,115],{"class":114},[28,24659,94],{"class":93},[28,24661,311],{"class":89},[28,24663,94],{"class":93},[28,24665,2033],{"class":120},[28,24667,318],{"class":93},[14,24669,24670],{},[163,24671,336],{},[18,24673,24675],{"className":20,"code":24674,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[25,24676,24677,24699],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24678,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24680,16800],{"class":120},[28,24682,2753],{"class":93},[28,24684,358],{"class":42},[28,24686,24593],{"class":46},[28,24688,358],{"class":42},[28,24690,2759],{"class":93},[28,24692,61],{"class":42},[28,24694,24611],{"class":46},[28,24696,358],{"class":42},[28,24698,3657],{"class":93},[28,24700,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24702,346],{"class":38},[28,24704,350],{"class":349},[28,24706,61],{"class":42},[28,24708,16800],{"class":46},[28,24710,358],{"class":42},[28,24712,361],{"class":38},[14,24714,24715,24716,24720,24721,385],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[381,24717,10517,24718,1689],{"href":16854},[25,24719,16857],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[381,24722,10517,24723,1689],{"href":16861},[25,24724,16864],{},[172,24726,24728],{"id":24727},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24730,24731],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[18,24733,24735],{"className":20,"code":24734,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[25,24736,24737,24790,24794,24810],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24738,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24786,24788],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24740,12647],{"class":34},[28,24742,39],{"class":38},[28,24744,10270],{"class":93},[28,24746,234],{"class":42},[28,24748,121],{"class":46},[28,24750,234],{"class":42},[28,24752,271],{"class":93},[28,24754,43],{"class":42},[28,24756,12664],{"class":46},[28,24758,234],{"class":42},[28,24760,2759],{"class":93},[28,24762,43],{"class":42},[28,24764,835],{"class":46},[28,24766,234],{"class":42},[28,24768,271],{"class":93},[28,24770,7566],{"class":97},[28,24772,2759],{"class":93},[28,24774,43],{"class":42},[28,24776,15113],{"class":46},[28,24778,234],{"class":42},[28,24780,271],{"class":93},[28,24782,43],{"class":42},[28,24784,24785],{"class":46},"Math",[28,24787,234],{"class":42},[28,24789,9087],{"class":93},[28,24791,24792],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24793,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24795,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,24797,5734],{"class":3644},[28,24799,17996],{"class":34},[28,24801,3651],{"class":3644},[28,24803,12690],{"class":34},[28,24805,385],{"class":93},[28,24807,16709],{"class":120},[28,24809,21383],{"class":93},[28,24811,24812,24814,24816,24818],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,24813,7844],{"class":114},[28,24815,94],{"class":93},[28,24817,14627],{"class":120},[28,24819,101],{"class":93},[14,24821,24822],{},[163,24823,336],{},[18,24825,24827],{"className":20,"code":24826,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[25,24828,24829,24834,24839],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24830,24831],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24832,24833],{"class":34},"name\n",[28,24835,24836],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24837,24838],{"class":34},"age\n",[28,24840,24841],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,24842,24843],{"class":34},"course\n",[14,24845,24846],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[18,24848,24850],{"className":20,"code":24849,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[25,24851,24852,24864],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24853,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24855,5734],{"class":3644},[28,24857,17996],{"class":34},[28,24859,3651],{"class":3644},[28,24861,12690],{"class":34},[28,24863,6170],{"class":93},[28,24865,24866,24868,24870,24872],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24867,7844],{"class":114},[28,24869,94],{"class":93},[28,24871,14627],{"class":120},[28,24873,101],{"class":93},[14,24875,24876,24877,24880],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[25,24878,24879],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[172,24882,4734,24884],{"id":24883},"when-to-use-keys",[25,24885,16851],{},[14,24887,1631,24888,10381],{},[25,24889,16851],{},[177,24891,24892,24895,24898],{},[180,24893,24894],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[180,24896,24897],{},"you want to display available fields",[180,24899,24900],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24902,924],{},[18,24904,24906],{"className":20,"code":24905,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[25,24907,24908,24961,24965,24980,24997],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,24909,24910,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24930,24932,24934,24936,24939,24941,24943,24946,24948,24950,24953,24955,24957,24959],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,24911,24912],{"class":34},"product ",[28,24914,39],{"class":38},[28,24916,10270],{"class":93},[28,24918,234],{"class":42},[28,24920,121],{"class":46},[28,24922,234],{"class":42},[28,24924,271],{"class":93},[28,24926,43],{"class":42},[28,24928,24929],{"class":46},"Book",[28,24931,234],{"class":42},[28,24933,2759],{"class":93},[28,24935,43],{"class":42},[28,24937,24938],{"class":46},"price",[28,24940,234],{"class":42},[28,24942,271],{"class":93},[28,24944,24945],{"class":97}," 12.99",[28,24947,2759],{"class":93},[28,24949,43],{"class":42},[28,24951,24952],{"class":46},"stock",[28,24954,234],{"class":42},[28,24956,271],{"class":93},[28,24958,4376],{"class":97},[28,24960,9087],{"class":93},[28,24962,24963],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,24964,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,24966,24967,24969,24971,24973,24976,24978],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,24968,115],{"class":114},[28,24970,94],{"class":93},[28,24972,234],{"class":42},[28,24974,24975],{"class":46},"Available fields:",[28,24977,234],{"class":42},[28,24979,101],{"class":93},[28,24981,24982,24984,24986,24988,24991,24993,24995],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,24983,5734],{"class":3644},[28,24985,17996],{"class":34},[28,24987,3651],{"class":3644},[28,24989,24990],{"class":34}," product",[28,24992,385],{"class":93},[28,24994,16709],{"class":120},[28,24996,21383],{"class":93},[28,24998,24999,25001,25003,25005],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,25000,7844],{"class":114},[28,25002,94],{"class":93},[28,25004,14627],{"class":120},[28,25006,101],{"class":93},[14,25008,25009],{},[163,25010,336],{},[18,25012,25014],{"className":20,"code":25013,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[25,25015,25016,25023,25027,25032],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25017,25018,25021],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25019,25020],{"class":34},"Available fields",[28,25022,6170],{"class":93},[28,25024,25025],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25026,24833],{"class":34},[28,25028,25029],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,25030,25031],{"class":34},"price\n",[28,25033,25034],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,25035,25036],{"class":34},"stock\n",[14,25038,25039],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[18,25041,25043],{"className":20,"code":25042,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[25,25044,25045,25081,25085],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25046,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25048,24912],{"class":34},[28,25050,39],{"class":38},[28,25052,10270],{"class":93},[28,25054,234],{"class":42},[28,25056,121],{"class":46},[28,25058,234],{"class":42},[28,25060,271],{"class":93},[28,25062,43],{"class":42},[28,25064,24929],{"class":46},[28,25066,234],{"class":42},[28,25068,2759],{"class":93},[28,25070,43],{"class":42},[28,25072,24938],{"class":46},[28,25074,234],{"class":42},[28,25076,271],{"class":93},[28,25078,24945],{"class":97},[28,25080,9087],{"class":93},[28,25082,25083],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25084,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,25086,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,25088,115],{"class":114},[28,25090,94],{"class":93},[28,25092,234],{"class":42},[28,25094,121],{"class":46},[28,25096,234],{"class":42},[28,25098,20961],{"class":3644},[28,25100,24990],{"class":120},[28,25102,385],{"class":93},[28,25104,16709],{"class":120},[28,25106,6970],{"class":93},[14,25108,25109,25110,385],{},"This works and returns ",[25,25111,777],{},[14,25113,25114],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[18,25116,25118],{"className":20,"code":25117,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[25,25119,25120],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25121,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25123,115],{"class":114},[28,25125,94],{"class":93},[28,25127,234],{"class":42},[28,25129,121],{"class":46},[28,25131,234],{"class":42},[28,25133,20961],{"class":3644},[28,25135,24990],{"class":120},[28,25137,101],{"class":93},[14,25139,25140,25141,385],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[381,25142,20994],{"href":16939},[172,25144,25146],{"id":25145},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25148,25149,25150,385],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[25,25151,16851],{},[1109,25153,8230,25155,25157],{"id":25154},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[25,25156,16851],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25159,25160,25162],{},[25,25161,16851],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25164,924],{},[18,25166,25168],{"className":20,"code":25167,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[25,25169,25170,25206],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25171,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200,25202,25204],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25173,8944],{"class":34},[28,25175,39],{"class":38},[28,25177,10270],{"class":93},[28,25179,234],{"class":42},[28,25181,121],{"class":46},[28,25183,234],{"class":42},[28,25185,271],{"class":93},[28,25187,43],{"class":42},[28,25189,12664],{"class":46},[28,25191,234],{"class":42},[28,25193,2759],{"class":93},[28,25195,43],{"class":42},[28,25197,835],{"class":46},[28,25199,234],{"class":42},[28,25201,271],{"class":93},[28,25203,7566],{"class":97},[28,25205,9087],{"class":93},[28,25207,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25209,115],{"class":114},[28,25211,94],{"class":93},[28,25213,8983],{"class":120},[28,25215,385],{"class":93},[28,25217,16709],{"class":120},[28,25219,6970],{"class":93},[14,25221,25222],{},[163,25223,336],{},[18,25225,25227],{"className":20,"code":25226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[25,25228,25229],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25230,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25232,16800],{"class":120},[28,25234,2753],{"class":93},[28,25236,358],{"class":42},[28,25238,121],{"class":46},[28,25240,358],{"class":42},[28,25242,2759],{"class":93},[28,25244,61],{"class":42},[28,25246,835],{"class":46},[28,25248,358],{"class":42},[28,25250,3657],{"class":93},[14,25252,25253,25254,385],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[381,25255,25256],{"href":16861},[25,25257,16864],{},[1109,25259,25261,25262],{"id":25260},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[25,25263,16800],{},[14,25265,25266],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[18,25268,25270],{"className":20,"code":25269,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['name', 'age']\n",[25,25271,25272],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25273,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25275,3669],{"class":93},[28,25277,358],{"class":42},[28,25279,121],{"class":46},[28,25281,358],{"class":42},[28,25283,2759],{"class":93},[28,25285,61],{"class":42},[28,25287,835],{"class":46},[28,25289,358],{"class":42},[28,25291,3401],{"class":93},[14,25293,25294,25295,25297],{},"But ",[25,25296,16851],{}," returns:",[18,25299,25300],{"className":20,"code":25226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,25301,25302],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25303,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25305,16800],{"class":120},[28,25307,2753],{"class":93},[28,25309,358],{"class":42},[28,25311,121],{"class":46},[28,25313,358],{"class":42},[28,25315,2759],{"class":93},[28,25317,61],{"class":42},[28,25319,835],{"class":46},[28,25321,358],{"class":42},[28,25323,3657],{"class":93},[14,25325,25326],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[18,25328,25330],{"className":20,"code":25329,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[25,25331,25332,25368,25387,25391],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25333,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25335,8944],{"class":34},[28,25337,39],{"class":38},[28,25339,10270],{"class":93},[28,25341,234],{"class":42},[28,25343,121],{"class":46},[28,25345,234],{"class":42},[28,25347,271],{"class":93},[28,25349,43],{"class":42},[28,25351,12664],{"class":46},[28,25353,234],{"class":42},[28,25355,2759],{"class":93},[28,25357,43],{"class":42},[28,25359,835],{"class":46},[28,25361,234],{"class":42},[28,25363,271],{"class":93},[28,25365,7566],{"class":97},[28,25367,9087],{"class":93},[28,25369,25370,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25371,25372],{"class":34},"key_list ",[28,25374,39],{"class":38},[28,25376,22347],{"class":89},[28,25378,94],{"class":93},[28,25380,8983],{"class":120},[28,25382,385],{"class":93},[28,25384,16709],{"class":120},[28,25386,6970],{"class":93},[28,25388,25389],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,25390,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,25392,25393,25395,25397,25400],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,25394,115],{"class":114},[28,25396,94],{"class":93},[28,25398,25399],{"class":120},"key_list",[28,25401,101],{"class":93},[1109,25403,25405,25406,25408],{"id":25404},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[25,25407,16851],{}," on a list or string",[14,25410,25411,25413],{},[25,25412,16851],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25415,2604],{},[18,25417,25419],{"className":20,"code":25418,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[25,25420,25421,25441],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25422,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25424,3383],{"class":34},[28,25426,39],{"class":38},[28,25428,3388],{"class":93},[28,25430,2756],{"class":97},[28,25432,2759],{"class":93},[28,25434,2762],{"class":97},[28,25436,2759],{"class":93},[28,25438,2221],{"class":97},[28,25440,3401],{"class":93},[28,25442,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25444,115],{"class":114},[28,25446,94],{"class":93},[28,25448,3415],{"class":120},[28,25450,385],{"class":93},[28,25452,16709],{"class":120},[28,25454,6970],{"class":93},[14,25456,25457,25458,25461,25462,25464,25465,385],{},"You may get an ",[25,25459,25460],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[25,25463,16851],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[381,25466,25468,25469,25472],{"href":25467},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[25,25470,25471],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1109,25474,25476],{"id":25475},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25478,25479],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[18,25481,25483],{"className":20,"code":25482,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[25,25484,25485,25509],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25486,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25488,8944],{"class":34},[28,25490,39],{"class":38},[28,25492,10270],{"class":93},[28,25494,234],{"class":42},[28,25496,121],{"class":46},[28,25498,234],{"class":42},[28,25500,271],{"class":93},[28,25502,43],{"class":42},[28,25504,12664],{"class":46},[28,25506,234],{"class":42},[28,25508,9087],{"class":93},[28,25510,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25512,115],{"class":114},[28,25514,94],{"class":93},[28,25516,8983],{"class":120},[28,25518,385],{"class":93},[28,25520,16709],{"class":24538},[28,25522,101],{"class":93},[14,25524,25525],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25527,18482],{},[18,25529,25531],{"className":20,"code":25530,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(data.keys())\n",[25,25532,25533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25534,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25536,115],{"class":114},[28,25538,94],{"class":93},[28,25540,8983],{"class":120},[28,25542,385],{"class":93},[28,25544,16709],{"class":120},[28,25546,6970],{"class":93},[172,25548,1104],{"id":1103},[14,25550,25551,25552,271],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[25,25553,16851],{},[177,25555,25556,25561,25567,25573],{},[180,25557,8194,25558,25560],{},[25,25559,16851],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[180,25562,25563,25564,25566],{},"Thinking ",[25,25565,16851],{}," returns values too",[180,25568,25569,25570,25572],{},"Trying to index ",[25,25571,16800],{}," like a normal list",[180,25574,25575,25576,25578],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[25,25577,16800],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25580,25581],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[18,25583,25585],{"className":20,"code":25584,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[25,25586,25587,25619,25633,25637,25647],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25588,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25590,8944],{"class":34},[28,25592,39],{"class":38},[28,25594,10270],{"class":93},[28,25596,234],{"class":42},[28,25598,381],{"class":46},[28,25600,234],{"class":42},[28,25602,271],{"class":93},[28,25604,5273],{"class":97},[28,25606,2759],{"class":93},[28,25608,43],{"class":42},[28,25610,4533],{"class":46},[28,25612,234],{"class":42},[28,25614,271],{"class":93},[28,25616,2762],{"class":97},[28,25618,9087],{"class":93},[28,25620,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25622,17028],{"class":34},[28,25624,39],{"class":38},[28,25626,14352],{"class":34},[28,25628,385],{"class":93},[28,25630,16709],{"class":120},[28,25632,8420],{"class":93},[28,25634,25635],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,25636,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,25638,25639,25641,25643,25645],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,25640,115],{"class":114},[28,25642,94],{"class":93},[28,25644,16709],{"class":120},[28,25646,101],{"class":93},[28,25648,25649],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,25650,25651],{"class":1006},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25653,25654],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[18,25656,25658],{"className":20,"code":25657,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[25,25659,25660,25692,25710,25714],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25661,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25663,8944],{"class":34},[28,25665,39],{"class":38},[28,25667,10270],{"class":93},[28,25669,234],{"class":42},[28,25671,381],{"class":46},[28,25673,234],{"class":42},[28,25675,271],{"class":93},[28,25677,5273],{"class":97},[28,25679,2759],{"class":93},[28,25681,43],{"class":42},[28,25683,4533],{"class":46},[28,25685,234],{"class":42},[28,25687,271],{"class":93},[28,25689,2762],{"class":97},[28,25691,9087],{"class":93},[28,25693,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25695,17028],{"class":34},[28,25697,39],{"class":38},[28,25699,22347],{"class":89},[28,25701,94],{"class":93},[28,25703,8983],{"class":120},[28,25705,385],{"class":93},[28,25707,16709],{"class":120},[28,25709,6970],{"class":93},[28,25711,25712],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,25713,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,25715,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,25717,115],{"class":114},[28,25719,94],{"class":93},[28,25721,16709],{"class":120},[28,25723,3669],{"class":93},[28,25725,1888],{"class":97},[28,25727,3657],{"class":93},[172,25729,25731],{"id":25730},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25733,10892],{},[18,25735,25737],{"className":20,"code":25736,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[25,25738,25739,25753,25763,25777],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25740,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25742,115],{"class":114},[28,25744,94],{"class":93},[28,25746,311],{"class":89},[28,25748,94],{"class":93},[28,25750,11230],{"class":120},[28,25752,318],{"class":93},[28,25754,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,25756,115],{"class":114},[28,25758,94],{"class":93},[28,25760,11230],{"class":120},[28,25762,101],{"class":93},[28,25764,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,25766,115],{"class":114},[28,25768,94],{"class":93},[28,25770,11230],{"class":120},[28,25772,385],{"class":93},[28,25774,16709],{"class":120},[28,25776,6970],{"class":93},[28,25778,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,25780,115],{"class":114},[28,25782,94],{"class":93},[28,25784,7869],{"class":89},[28,25786,94],{"class":93},[28,25788,11230],{"class":120},[28,25790,385],{"class":93},[28,25792,16709],{"class":120},[28,25794,6066],{"class":93},[14,25796,25797],{},"These help you confirm:",[177,25799,25800,25803,25806,25811],{},[180,25801,25802],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[180,25804,25805],{},"what data it contains",[180,25807,25808,25809,11487],{},"what ",[25,25810,16851],{},[180,25812,25813],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[172,25815,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,25817,23706,25819,4918],{"id":25818},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[25,25820,16851],{},[14,25822,17208,25823,25825],{},[25,25824,16800],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1109,25827,14689,25829,25832],{"id":25828},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[25,25830,25831],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25834,25835,25836,25838,25839,385],{},"No. It returns a ",[25,25837,16800],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[25,25840,25841],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1109,25843,25845,25846,2262],{"id":25844},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[25,25847,25831],{},[14,25849,25850,25851,25853],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[25,25852,5734],{}," loop.",[1109,25855,25857,25858,25860],{"id":25856},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[25,25859,16851],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25862,25863,25864,25866],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[25,25865,16851],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1109,25868,25870],{"id":25869},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25872,1631,25873,385],{},[25,25874,25875],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[172,25877,1662],{"id":1661},[177,25879,25880,25885,25891,25897,25903,25907],{},[180,25881,25882],{},[381,25883,25884],{"href":9169},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[180,25886,25887],{},[381,25888,10517,25889,1689],{"href":16854},[25,25890,16857],{},[180,25892,25893],{},[381,25894,10517,25895,1689],{"href":16861},[25,25896,16864],{},[180,25898,25899],{},[381,25900,25902],{"href":25901},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[180,25904,25905],{},[381,25906,16940],{"href":16939},[180,25908,25909],{},[381,25910,25911,25912,25472],{"href":25467},"How to fix ",[25,25913,25471],{},[1699,25915,25916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":25918},[25919,25920,25922,25923,25924,25925,25926,25928,25937,25938,25939,25950],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":24037,"depth":53,"text":25921},"What keys() does",{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":5205,"depth":53,"text":5206},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":24727,"depth":53,"text":24728},{"id":24883,"depth":53,"text":25927},"When to use keys()",{"id":25145,"depth":53,"text":25146,"children":25929},[25930,25932,25934,25936],{"id":25154,"depth":70,"text":25931},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25260,"depth":70,"text":25933},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25404,"depth":70,"text":25935},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25475,"depth":70,"text":25476},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":25730,"depth":53,"text":25731},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":25940},[25941,25943,25945,25947,25949],{"id":25818,"depth":70,"text":25942},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25828,"depth":70,"text":25944},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25844,"depth":70,"text":25946},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25856,"depth":70,"text":25948},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25869,"depth":70,"text":25870},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23859,"description":25951},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25957,"title":25958,"body":25959,"description":28232,"extension":1730,"meta":28233,"navigation":107,"path":28234,"seo":28235,"stem":28236,"__hash__":28237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25960,"toc":28185},[25961,25966,25971,25974,25976,26122,26135,26140,26144,26158,26160,26263,26272,26274,26277,26315,26340,26342,26449,26451,26458,26461,26469,26471,26612,26620,26625,26629,26640,26642,26804,26807,26815,26822,26828,26925,26931,27008,27011,27023,27028,27034,27037,27041,27130,27133,27137,27241,27248,27335,27344,27346,27351,27357,27360,27406,27409,27475,27484,27490,27583,27589,27595,27638,27641,27706,27712,27804,27807,27811,27817,27842,27845,27941,27948,27950,27955,28046,28048,28076,28081,28083,28090,28093,28097,28107,28112,28115,28122,28132,28139,28147,28149,28182],[10,25962,11098,25964,11102],{"id":25963},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[25,25965,12546],{},[14,25967,25968,25970],{},[25,25969,12352],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,25972,25973],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[172,25975,3373],{"id":3372},[18,25977,25979],{"className":20,"code":25978,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[25,25980,25981,26017,26041,26055,26068,26072,26077,26109],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,25982,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,25984,12989],{"class":34},[28,25986,39],{"class":38},[28,25988,10270],{"class":93},[28,25990,234],{"class":42},[28,25992,121],{"class":46},[28,25994,234],{"class":42},[28,25996,271],{"class":93},[28,25998,43],{"class":42},[28,26000,12664],{"class":46},[28,26002,234],{"class":42},[28,26004,2759],{"class":93},[28,26006,43],{"class":42},[28,26008,835],{"class":46},[28,26010,234],{"class":42},[28,26012,271],{"class":93},[28,26014,9084],{"class":97},[28,26016,9087],{"class":93},[28,26018,26019,26022,26024,26026,26028,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26020,26021],{"class":34},"removed_age ",[28,26023,39],{"class":38},[28,26025,13032],{"class":34},[28,26027,385],{"class":93},[28,26029,26030],{"class":120},"pop",[28,26032,94],{"class":93},[28,26034,234],{"class":42},[28,26036,835],{"class":46},[28,26038,234],{"class":42},[28,26040,101],{"class":93},[28,26042,26043,26045,26047,26050,26052],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26044,115],{"class":114},[28,26046,94],{"class":93},[28,26048,26049],{"class":120},"removed_age",[28,26051,3428],{"class":93},[28,26053,26054],{"class":1006},"   # 25\n",[28,26056,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26058,115],{"class":114},[28,26060,94],{"class":93},[28,26062,17093],{"class":120},[28,26064,3428],{"class":93},[28,26066,26067],{"class":1006},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[28,26069,26070],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26071,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26073,26074],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,26075,26076],{"class":1006},"# Safe version with default value\n",[28,26078,26079,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26105,26107],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,26080,26081],{"class":34},"country ",[28,26083,39],{"class":38},[28,26085,13032],{"class":34},[28,26087,385],{"class":93},[28,26089,26030],{"class":120},[28,26091,94],{"class":93},[28,26093,234],{"class":42},[28,26095,15046],{"class":46},[28,26097,234],{"class":42},[28,26099,2759],{"class":93},[28,26101,43],{"class":42},[28,26103,26104],{"class":46},"Not found",[28,26106,234],{"class":42},[28,26108,101],{"class":93},[28,26110,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,26112,115],{"class":114},[28,26114,94],{"class":93},[28,26116,15046],{"class":120},[28,26118,3428],{"class":93},[28,26120,26121],{"class":1006},"       # Not found\n",[14,26123,1631,26124,26127,26128,26131,26132,26134],{},[25,26125,26126],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[25,26129,26130],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[25,26133,19475],{}," when the key might not exist.",[172,26136,3445,26138,3448],{"id":26137},"what-dictpop-does",[25,26139,12352],{},[14,26141,26142,271],{},[25,26143,12352],{},[177,26145,26146,26149,26152,26155],{},[180,26147,26148],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[180,26150,26151],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[180,26153,26154],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[180,26156,26157],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26159,924],{},[18,26161,26163],{"className":20,"code":26162,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[25,26164,26165,26205,26209,26232,26236,26250],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26166,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201,26203],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26168,11269],{"class":34},[28,26170,39],{"class":38},[28,26172,10270],{"class":93},[28,26174,234],{"class":42},[28,26176,121],{"class":46},[28,26178,234],{"class":42},[28,26180,271],{"class":93},[28,26182,43],{"class":42},[28,26184,13006],{"class":46},[28,26186,234],{"class":42},[28,26188,2759],{"class":93},[28,26190,43],{"class":42},[28,26192,10188],{"class":46},[28,26194,234],{"class":42},[28,26196,271],{"class":93},[28,26198,43],{"class":42},[28,26200,10195],{"class":46},[28,26202,234],{"class":42},[28,26204,9087],{"class":93},[28,26206,26207],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26208,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26210,26211,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228,26230],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26212,26213],{"class":34},"removed_city ",[28,26215,39],{"class":38},[28,26217,11352],{"class":34},[28,26219,385],{"class":93},[28,26221,26030],{"class":120},[28,26223,94],{"class":93},[28,26225,234],{"class":42},[28,26227,10188],{"class":46},[28,26229,234],{"class":42},[28,26231,101],{"class":93},[28,26233,26234],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26235,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26237,26238,26240,26242,26245,26247],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26239,115],{"class":114},[28,26241,94],{"class":93},[28,26243,26244],{"class":120},"removed_city",[28,26246,3428],{"class":93},[28,26248,26249],{"class":1006},"  # Paris\n",[28,26251,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,26253,115],{"class":114},[28,26255,94],{"class":93},[28,26257,11363],{"class":120},[28,26259,3428],{"class":93},[28,26261,26262],{"class":1006},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26264,20559,26265,26268,26269,385],{},[25,26266,26267],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[25,26270,26271],{},"\"Paris\"",[172,26273,1927],{"id":1926},[14,26275,26276],{},"There are two common forms:",[18,26278,26280],{"className":20,"code":26279,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[25,26281,26282,26296],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26283,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26285,11230],{"class":34},[28,26287,385],{"class":93},[28,26289,26030],{"class":120},[28,26291,94],{"class":93},[28,26293,14627],{"class":120},[28,26295,101],{"class":93},[28,26297,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26299,11230],{"class":34},[28,26301,385],{"class":93},[28,26303,26030],{"class":120},[28,26305,94],{"class":93},[28,26307,14627],{"class":120},[28,26309,2759],{"class":93},[28,26311,26312],{"class":120}," default",[28,26314,101],{"class":93},[177,26316,26317,26323,26331,26337],{},[180,26318,26319,26322],{},[25,26320,26321],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[180,26324,26325,26327,26328,26330],{},[25,26326,26321],{}," raises ",[25,26329,19475],{}," if the key is missing",[180,26332,26333,26336],{},[25,26334,26335],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[180,26338,26339],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26341,924],{},[18,26343,26345],{"className":20,"code":26344,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[25,26346,26347,26379,26383,26408,26436],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26348,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26350,4836],{"class":34},[28,26352,39],{"class":38},[28,26354,10270],{"class":93},[28,26356,234],{"class":42},[28,26358,18204],{"class":46},[28,26360,234],{"class":42},[28,26362,271],{"class":93},[28,26364,19686],{"class":97},[28,26366,2759],{"class":93},[28,26368,43],{"class":42},[28,26370,18213],{"class":46},[28,26372,234],{"class":42},[28,26374,271],{"class":93},[28,26376,13292],{"class":97},[28,26378,9087],{"class":93},[28,26380,26381],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26382,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26384,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26386,115],{"class":114},[28,26388,94],{"class":93},[28,26390,16174],{"class":120},[28,26392,385],{"class":93},[28,26394,26030],{"class":120},[28,26396,94],{"class":93},[28,26398,234],{"class":42},[28,26400,18204],{"class":46},[28,26402,234],{"class":42},[28,26404,5136],{"class":93},[28,26406,26407],{"class":1006},"         # 90\n",[28,26409,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26411,115],{"class":114},[28,26413,94],{"class":93},[28,26415,16174],{"class":120},[28,26417,385],{"class":93},[28,26419,26030],{"class":120},[28,26421,94],{"class":93},[28,26423,234],{"class":42},[28,26425,18222],{"class":46},[28,26427,234],{"class":42},[28,26429,2759],{"class":93},[28,26431,3602],{"class":97},[28,26433,5136],{"class":93},[28,26435,20556],{"class":1006},[28,26437,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26439,115],{"class":114},[28,26441,94],{"class":93},[28,26443,16174],{"class":120},[28,26445,3428],{"class":93},[28,26447,26448],{"class":1006},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[172,26450,17205],{"id":17204},[14,26452,26453,13839,26455,26457],{},[25,26454,12546],{},[163,26456,4402],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26459,26460],{},"Instead, it returns:",[177,26462,26463,26466],{},[180,26464,26465],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[180,26467,26468],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26470,924],{},[18,26472,26474],{"className":20,"code":26473,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[25,26475,26476,26508,26512,26535,26567,26571,26585,26599],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26477,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26479,8944],{"class":34},[28,26481,39],{"class":38},[28,26483,10270],{"class":93},[28,26485,234],{"class":42},[28,26487,381],{"class":46},[28,26489,234],{"class":42},[28,26491,271],{"class":93},[28,26493,5781],{"class":97},[28,26495,2759],{"class":93},[28,26497,43],{"class":42},[28,26499,4533],{"class":46},[28,26501,234],{"class":42},[28,26503,271],{"class":93},[28,26505,7566],{"class":97},[28,26507,9087],{"class":93},[28,26509,26510],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26511,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26513,26514,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26515,26516],{"class":34},"result1 ",[28,26518,39],{"class":38},[28,26520,14352],{"class":34},[28,26522,385],{"class":93},[28,26524,26030],{"class":120},[28,26526,94],{"class":93},[28,26528,234],{"class":42},[28,26530,381],{"class":46},[28,26532,234],{"class":42},[28,26534,101],{"class":93},[28,26536,26537,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26563,26565],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26538,26539],{"class":34},"result2 ",[28,26541,39],{"class":38},[28,26543,14352],{"class":34},[28,26545,385],{"class":93},[28,26547,26030],{"class":120},[28,26549,94],{"class":93},[28,26551,234],{"class":42},[28,26553,9518],{"class":46},[28,26555,234],{"class":42},[28,26557,2759],{"class":93},[28,26559,43],{"class":42},[28,26561,26562],{"class":46},"missing",[28,26564,234],{"class":42},[28,26566,101],{"class":93},[28,26568,26569],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26570,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26572,26573,26575,26577,26580,26582],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,26574,115],{"class":114},[28,26576,94],{"class":93},[28,26578,26579],{"class":120},"result1",[28,26581,3428],{"class":93},[28,26583,26584],{"class":1006},"  # 10\n",[28,26586,26587,26589,26591,26594,26596],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,26588,115],{"class":114},[28,26590,94],{"class":93},[28,26592,26593],{"class":120},"result2",[28,26595,3428],{"class":93},[28,26597,26598],{"class":1006},"  # missing\n",[28,26600,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,26602,115],{"class":114},[28,26604,94],{"class":93},[28,26606,8983],{"class":120},[28,26608,3428],{"class":93},[28,26610,26611],{"class":1006},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26613,26614,26615,6406],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[381,26616,26617],{"href":10516},[25,26618,26619],{},"dict.get()",[172,26621,4734,26623],{"id":26622},"when-to-use-pop",[25,26624,12546],{},[14,26626,1631,26627,10381],{},[25,26628,12546],{},[177,26630,26631,26634,26637],{},[180,26632,26633],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[180,26635,26636],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[180,26638,26639],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26641,924],{},[18,26643,26645],{"className":20,"code":26644,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[25,26646,26647,26699,26703,26730,26734,26758,26762,26776,26790],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26648,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26683,26685,26687,26690,26692,26694,26697],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26650,24912],{"class":34},[28,26652,39],{"class":38},[28,26654,10270],{"class":93},[28,26656,234],{"class":42},[28,26658,121],{"class":46},[28,26660,234],{"class":42},[28,26662,271],{"class":93},[28,26664,43],{"class":42},[28,26666,26667],{"class":46},"Laptop",[28,26669,234],{"class":42},[28,26671,2759],{"class":93},[28,26673,43],{"class":42},[28,26675,24938],{"class":46},[28,26677,234],{"class":42},[28,26679,271],{"class":93},[28,26681,26682],{"class":97}," 1200",[28,26684,2759],{"class":93},[28,26686,43],{"class":42},[28,26688,26689],{"class":46},"discount",[28,26691,234],{"class":42},[28,26693,271],{"class":93},[28,26695,26696],{"class":97}," 200",[28,26698,9087],{"class":93},[28,26700,26701],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26702,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26704,26705,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26706,26707],{"class":34},"discount_amount ",[28,26709,39],{"class":38},[28,26711,24990],{"class":34},[28,26713,385],{"class":93},[28,26715,26030],{"class":120},[28,26717,94],{"class":93},[28,26719,234],{"class":42},[28,26721,26689],{"class":46},[28,26723,234],{"class":42},[28,26725,2759],{"class":93},[28,26727,3602],{"class":97},[28,26729,101],{"class":93},[28,26731,26732],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26733,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26735,26736,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26737,26738],{"class":34},"final_price ",[28,26740,39],{"class":38},[28,26742,24990],{"class":34},[28,26744,3669],{"class":93},[28,26746,234],{"class":42},[28,26748,24938],{"class":46},[28,26750,234],{"class":42},[28,26752,13058],{"class":93},[28,26754,1991],{"class":38},[28,26756,26757],{"class":34}," discount_amount\n",[28,26759,26760],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,26761,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26763,26764,26766,26768,26771,26773],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,26765,115],{"class":114},[28,26767,94],{"class":93},[28,26769,26770],{"class":120},"discount_amount",[28,26772,3428],{"class":93},[28,26774,26775],{"class":1006},"  # 200\n",[28,26777,26778,26780,26782,26785,26787],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,26779,115],{"class":114},[28,26781,94],{"class":93},[28,26783,26784],{"class":120},"final_price",[28,26786,3428],{"class":93},[28,26788,26789],{"class":1006},"      # 1000\n",[28,26791,26792,26794,26796,26799,26801],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,26793,115],{"class":114},[28,26795,94],{"class":93},[28,26797,26798],{"class":120},"product",[28,26800,3428],{"class":93},[28,26802,26803],{"class":1006},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26805,26806],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[172,26808,26810,10365,26812],{"id":26809},"pop-vs-del",[25,26811,12546],{},[25,26813,26814],{},"del",[14,26816,10370,26817,1323,26819,26821],{},[25,26818,12546],{},[25,26820,26814],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1109,26823,1631,26825,26827],{"id":26824},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[25,26826,12546],{}," when you need the removed value",[18,26829,26831],{"className":20,"code":26830,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[25,26832,26833,26869,26873,26895,26899,26912],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26834,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26836,12989],{"class":34},[28,26838,39],{"class":38},[28,26840,10270],{"class":93},[28,26842,234],{"class":42},[28,26844,121],{"class":46},[28,26846,234],{"class":42},[28,26848,271],{"class":93},[28,26850,43],{"class":42},[28,26852,12664],{"class":46},[28,26854,234],{"class":42},[28,26856,2759],{"class":93},[28,26858,43],{"class":42},[28,26860,835],{"class":46},[28,26862,234],{"class":42},[28,26864,271],{"class":93},[28,26866,9084],{"class":97},[28,26868,9087],{"class":93},[28,26870,26871],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26872,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26874,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26876,807],{"class":34},[28,26878,39],{"class":38},[28,26880,13032],{"class":34},[28,26882,385],{"class":93},[28,26884,26030],{"class":120},[28,26886,94],{"class":93},[28,26888,234],{"class":42},[28,26890,835],{"class":46},[28,26892,234],{"class":42},[28,26894,101],{"class":93},[28,26896,26897],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26898,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26900,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26902,115],{"class":114},[28,26904,94],{"class":93},[28,26906,835],{"class":120},[28,26908,3428],{"class":93},[28,26910,26911],{"class":1006},"     # 25\n",[28,26913,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,26915,115],{"class":114},[28,26917,94],{"class":93},[28,26919,17093],{"class":120},[28,26921,3428],{"class":93},[28,26923,26924],{"class":1006},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1109,26926,1631,26928,26930],{"id":26927},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[25,26929,26814],{}," when you only want deletion",[18,26932,26934],{"className":20,"code":26933,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[25,26935,26936,26972,26976,26992,26996],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,26937,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,26939,12989],{"class":34},[28,26941,39],{"class":38},[28,26943,10270],{"class":93},[28,26945,234],{"class":42},[28,26947,121],{"class":46},[28,26949,234],{"class":42},[28,26951,271],{"class":93},[28,26953,43],{"class":42},[28,26955,12664],{"class":46},[28,26957,234],{"class":42},[28,26959,2759],{"class":93},[28,26961,43],{"class":42},[28,26963,835],{"class":46},[28,26965,234],{"class":42},[28,26967,271],{"class":93},[28,26969,9084],{"class":97},[28,26971,9087],{"class":93},[28,26973,26974],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,26975,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26977,26978,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,26979,26814],{"class":3644},[28,26981,13032],{"class":34},[28,26983,3669],{"class":93},[28,26985,234],{"class":42},[28,26987,835],{"class":46},[28,26989,234],{"class":42},[28,26991,3401],{"class":93},[28,26993,26994],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,26995,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,26997,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,26999,115],{"class":114},[28,27001,94],{"class":93},[28,27003,17093],{"class":120},[28,27005,3428],{"class":93},[28,27007,26924],{"class":1006},[14,27009,27010],{},"Difference:",[177,27012,27013,27018],{},[180,27014,27015,27017],{},[25,27016,12546],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[180,27019,27020,27022],{},[25,27021,26814],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27024,27025,27026,385],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[381,27027,12357],{"href":12356},[172,27029,27031,27032],{"id":27030},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[25,27033,19475],{},[14,27035,27036],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1109,27038,27040],{"id":27039},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[18,27042,27044],{"className":20,"code":27043,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[25,27045,27046,27071,27075,27101,27105,27117],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27047,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27067,27069],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27049,11506],{"class":34},[28,27051,39],{"class":38},[28,27053,10270],{"class":93},[28,27055,234],{"class":42},[28,27057,121],{"class":46},[28,27059,234],{"class":42},[28,27061,271],{"class":93},[28,27063,43],{"class":42},[28,27065,27066],{"class":46},"Sara",[28,27068,234],{"class":42},[28,27070,9087],{"class":93},[28,27072,27073],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27074,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27076,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27078,2216],{"class":34},[28,27080,39],{"class":38},[28,27082,11548],{"class":34},[28,27084,385],{"class":93},[28,27086,26030],{"class":120},[28,27088,94],{"class":93},[28,27090,234],{"class":42},[28,27092,835],{"class":46},[28,27094,234],{"class":42},[28,27096,2759],{"class":93},[28,27098,3620],{"class":776},[28,27100,101],{"class":93},[28,27102,27103],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27104,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27106,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,27108,115],{"class":114},[28,27110,94],{"class":93},[28,27112,2242],{"class":120},[28,27114,3428],{"class":93},[28,27116,20349],{"class":1006},[28,27118,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,27120,115],{"class":114},[28,27122,94],{"class":93},[28,27124,11230],{"class":120},[28,27126,3428],{"class":93},[28,27128,27129],{"class":1006}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27131,27132],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1109,27134,27136],{"id":27135},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[18,27138,27140],{"className":20,"code":27139,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[25,27141,27142,27166,27170,27186,27209,27219,27226],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27143,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27145,11506],{"class":34},[28,27147,39],{"class":38},[28,27149,10270],{"class":93},[28,27151,234],{"class":42},[28,27153,121],{"class":46},[28,27155,234],{"class":42},[28,27157,271],{"class":93},[28,27159,43],{"class":42},[28,27161,27066],{"class":46},[28,27163,234],{"class":42},[28,27165,9087],{"class":93},[28,27167,27168],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27169,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27171,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27173,6773],{"class":3644},[28,27175,43],{"class":42},[28,27177,835],{"class":46},[28,27179,234],{"class":42},[28,27181,20961],{"class":38},[28,27183,11548],{"class":34},[28,27185,6170],{"class":93},[28,27187,27188,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27189,27190],{"class":34},"    value ",[28,27192,39],{"class":38},[28,27194,11548],{"class":34},[28,27196,385],{"class":93},[28,27198,26030],{"class":120},[28,27200,94],{"class":93},[28,27202,234],{"class":42},[28,27204,835],{"class":46},[28,27206,234],{"class":42},[28,27208,101],{"class":93},[28,27210,27211,27213,27215,27217],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,27212,7844],{"class":114},[28,27214,94],{"class":93},[28,27216,2242],{"class":120},[28,27218,101],{"class":93},[28,27220,27221,27224],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,27222,27223],{"class":3644},"else",[28,27225,6170],{"class":93},[28,27227,27228,27230,27232,27234,27237,27239],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,27229,7844],{"class":114},[28,27231,94],{"class":93},[28,27233,234],{"class":42},[28,27235,27236],{"class":46},"Key not found",[28,27238,234],{"class":42},[28,27240,101],{"class":93},[1109,27242,27244,27245,27247],{"id":27243},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[25,27246,10520],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[18,27249,27251],{"className":20,"code":27250,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[25,27252,27253,27277,27281,27307,27311,27323],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27254,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27256,11506],{"class":34},[28,27258,39],{"class":38},[28,27260,10270],{"class":93},[28,27262,234],{"class":42},[28,27264,121],{"class":46},[28,27266,234],{"class":42},[28,27268,271],{"class":93},[28,27270,43],{"class":42},[28,27272,27066],{"class":46},[28,27274,234],{"class":42},[28,27276,9087],{"class":93},[28,27278,27279],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27280,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27282,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27284,2216],{"class":34},[28,27286,39],{"class":38},[28,27288,11548],{"class":34},[28,27290,385],{"class":93},[28,27292,19538],{"class":120},[28,27294,94],{"class":93},[28,27296,234],{"class":42},[28,27298,835],{"class":46},[28,27300,234],{"class":42},[28,27302,2759],{"class":93},[28,27304,3620],{"class":776},[28,27306,101],{"class":93},[28,27308,27309],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27310,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27312,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,27314,115],{"class":114},[28,27316,94],{"class":93},[28,27318,2242],{"class":120},[28,27320,3428],{"class":93},[28,27322,20349],{"class":1006},[28,27324,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,27326,115],{"class":114},[28,27328,94],{"class":93},[28,27330,11230],{"class":120},[28,27332,3428],{"class":93},[28,27334,27129],{"class":1006},[14,27336,1631,27337,27341,27342,385],{},[381,27338,27339],{"href":10516},[25,27340,26619],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[381,27343,11042],{"href":10853},[172,27345,4290],{"id":4289},[14,27347,27348,27349,385],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[25,27350,12352],{},[1109,27352,25563,27354,27356],{"id":27353},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[25,27355,12546],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27358,27359],{},"Lists use indexes:",[18,27361,27363],{"className":20,"code":27362,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[25,27364,27365,27385],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27366,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27368,3383],{"class":34},[28,27370,39],{"class":38},[28,27372,3388],{"class":93},[28,27374,2099],{"class":97},[28,27376,2759],{"class":93},[28,27378,7566],{"class":97},[28,27380,2759],{"class":93},[28,27382,7571],{"class":97},[28,27384,3401],{"class":93},[28,27386,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27388,115],{"class":114},[28,27390,94],{"class":93},[28,27392,3415],{"class":120},[28,27394,385],{"class":93},[28,27396,26030],{"class":120},[28,27398,94],{"class":93},[28,27400,2756],{"class":97},[28,27402,5136],{"class":93},[28,27404,27405],{"class":1006},"  # 20\n",[14,27407,27408],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[18,27410,27412],{"className":20,"code":27411,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[25,27413,27414,27450],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27415,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27417,12989],{"class":34},[28,27419,39],{"class":38},[28,27421,10270],{"class":93},[28,27423,234],{"class":42},[28,27425,121],{"class":46},[28,27427,234],{"class":42},[28,27429,271],{"class":93},[28,27431,43],{"class":42},[28,27433,12664],{"class":46},[28,27435,234],{"class":42},[28,27437,2759],{"class":93},[28,27439,43],{"class":42},[28,27441,835],{"class":46},[28,27443,234],{"class":42},[28,27445,271],{"class":93},[28,27447,9084],{"class":97},[28,27449,9087],{"class":93},[28,27451,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27453,115],{"class":114},[28,27455,94],{"class":93},[28,27457,17093],{"class":120},[28,27459,385],{"class":93},[28,27461,26030],{"class":120},[28,27463,94],{"class":93},[28,27465,234],{"class":42},[28,27467,835],{"class":46},[28,27469,234],{"class":42},[28,27471,5136],{"class":93},[28,27473,27474],{"class":1006},"  # 25\n",[14,27476,27477,27478,27480,27481,27483],{},"A dictionary does ",[163,27479,4402],{}," use positions with ",[25,27482,12546],{},". It uses keys.",[1109,27485,4476,27487,27489],{"id":27486},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[25,27488,12546],{}," changes the original dictionary",[18,27491,27493],{"className":20,"code":27492,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[25,27494,27495,27527,27531,27553,27557,27570],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27496,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27498,8944],{"class":34},[28,27500,39],{"class":38},[28,27502,10270],{"class":93},[28,27504,234],{"class":42},[28,27506,1944],{"class":46},[28,27508,234],{"class":42},[28,27510,271],{"class":93},[28,27512,5273],{"class":97},[28,27514,2759],{"class":93},[28,27516,43],{"class":42},[28,27518,11527],{"class":46},[28,27520,234],{"class":42},[28,27522,271],{"class":93},[28,27524,2762],{"class":97},[28,27526,9087],{"class":93},[28,27528,27529],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27530,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27532,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27534,2216],{"class":34},[28,27536,39],{"class":38},[28,27538,14352],{"class":34},[28,27540,385],{"class":93},[28,27542,26030],{"class":120},[28,27544,94],{"class":93},[28,27546,234],{"class":42},[28,27548,1944],{"class":46},[28,27550,234],{"class":42},[28,27552,101],{"class":93},[28,27554,27555],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27556,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27558,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,27560,115],{"class":114},[28,27562,94],{"class":93},[28,27564,2242],{"class":120},[28,27566,3428],{"class":93},[28,27568,27569],{"class":1006},"  # 1\n",[28,27571,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,27573,115],{"class":114},[28,27575,94],{"class":93},[28,27577,8983],{"class":120},[28,27579,3428],{"class":93},[28,27581,27582],{"class":1006},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27584,27585,27586,27588],{},"After ",[25,27587,12546],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1109,27590,8194,27592,27594],{"id":27591},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[25,27593,12546],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[18,27596,27598],{"className":20,"code":27597,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[25,27599,27600,27624,27628,27633],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27601,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27603,8944],{"class":34},[28,27605,39],{"class":38},[28,27607,10270],{"class":93},[28,27609,234],{"class":42},[28,27611,121],{"class":46},[28,27613,234],{"class":42},[28,27615,271],{"class":93},[28,27617,43],{"class":42},[28,27619,7696],{"class":46},[28,27621,234],{"class":42},[28,27623,9087],{"class":93},[28,27625,27626],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27627,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27629,27630],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27631,27632],{"class":1006},"# This causes an error\n",[28,27634,27635],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27636,27637],{"class":1006},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27639,27640],{},"Safer version:",[18,27642,27644],{"className":20,"code":27643,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[25,27645,27646,27670,27674],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27647,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27649,8944],{"class":34},[28,27651,39],{"class":38},[28,27653,10270],{"class":93},[28,27655,234],{"class":42},[28,27657,121],{"class":46},[28,27659,234],{"class":42},[28,27661,271],{"class":93},[28,27663,43],{"class":42},[28,27665,7696],{"class":46},[28,27667,234],{"class":42},[28,27669,9087],{"class":93},[28,27671,27672],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27673,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27675,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27677,115],{"class":114},[28,27679,94],{"class":93},[28,27681,8983],{"class":120},[28,27683,385],{"class":93},[28,27685,26030],{"class":120},[28,27687,94],{"class":93},[28,27689,234],{"class":42},[28,27691,835],{"class":46},[28,27693,234],{"class":42},[28,27695,2759],{"class":93},[28,27697,43],{"class":42},[28,27699,26562],{"class":46},[28,27701,234],{"class":42},[28,27703,5136],{"class":93},[28,27705,26598],{"class":1006},[1109,27707,8230,27709,27711],{"id":27708},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[25,27710,12546],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[18,27713,27715],{"className":20,"code":27714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[25,27716,27717,27749,27753,27775,27779,27791],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27718,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27720,8944],{"class":34},[28,27722,39],{"class":38},[28,27724,10270],{"class":93},[28,27726,234],{"class":42},[28,27728,381],{"class":46},[28,27730,234],{"class":42},[28,27732,271],{"class":93},[28,27734,5273],{"class":97},[28,27736,2759],{"class":93},[28,27738,43],{"class":42},[28,27740,4533],{"class":46},[28,27742,234],{"class":42},[28,27744,271],{"class":93},[28,27746,2762],{"class":97},[28,27748,9087],{"class":93},[28,27750,27751],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27752,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27754,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27756,1999],{"class":34},[28,27758,39],{"class":38},[28,27760,14352],{"class":34},[28,27762,385],{"class":93},[28,27764,26030],{"class":120},[28,27766,94],{"class":93},[28,27768,234],{"class":42},[28,27770,381],{"class":46},[28,27772,234],{"class":42},[28,27774,101],{"class":93},[28,27776,27777],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27778,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27780,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,27782,115],{"class":114},[28,27784,94],{"class":93},[28,27786,2033],{"class":120},[28,27788,3428],{"class":93},[28,27790,27569],{"class":1006},[28,27792,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,27794,115],{"class":114},[28,27796,94],{"class":93},[28,27798,8983],{"class":120},[28,27800,3428],{"class":93},[28,27802,27803],{"class":1006},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27805,27806],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[172,27808,27810],{"id":27809},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27812,27813,27814,27816],{},"Problems with ",[25,27815,12352],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[177,27818,27819,27822,27831,27834],{},[180,27820,27821],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[180,27823,27824,27825,27828,27829],{},"Mixing up list ",[25,27826,27827],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[25,27830,26126],{},[180,27832,27833],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[180,27835,27836,27837,10871,27839],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[25,27838,2756],{},[25,27840,27841],{},"\"1\"",[14,27843,27844],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[18,27846,27848],{"className":20,"code":27847,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[25,27849,27850,27874,27878,27908],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27851,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27853,8944],{"class":34},[28,27855,39],{"class":38},[28,27857,10270],{"class":93},[28,27859,234],{"class":42},[28,27861,2756],{"class":46},[28,27863,234],{"class":42},[28,27865,271],{"class":93},[28,27867,43],{"class":42},[28,27869,6360],{"class":46},[28,27871,234],{"class":42},[28,27873,9087],{"class":93},[28,27875,27876],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27877,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,27879,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27901,27903,27905],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27881,115],{"class":114},[28,27883,94],{"class":93},[28,27885,8983],{"class":120},[28,27887,385],{"class":93},[28,27889,26030],{"class":120},[28,27891,94],{"class":93},[28,27893,2756],{"class":97},[28,27895,2759],{"class":93},[28,27897,43],{"class":42},[28,27899,27900],{"class":46},"not found",[28,27902,234],{"class":42},[28,27904,5136],{"class":93},[28,27906,27907],{"class":1006},"    # not found\n",[28,27909,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,27911,115],{"class":114},[28,27913,94],{"class":93},[28,27915,8983],{"class":120},[28,27917,385],{"class":93},[28,27919,26030],{"class":120},[28,27921,94],{"class":93},[28,27923,234],{"class":42},[28,27925,2756],{"class":46},[28,27927,234],{"class":42},[28,27929,2759],{"class":93},[28,27931,43],{"class":42},[28,27933,27900],{"class":46},[28,27935,234],{"class":42},[28,27937,5136],{"class":93},[28,27939,27940],{"class":1006},"  # one\n",[14,27942,27943,1323,27945,27947],{},[25,27944,2756],{},[25,27946,27841],{}," are different keys.",[172,27949,8650],{"id":8649},[14,27951,8653,27952,27954],{},[25,27953,12546],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[18,27956,27958],{"className":20,"code":27957,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[25,27959,27960,27970,27984,28002,28032],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,27961,27962,27964,27966,27968],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,27963,115],{"class":114},[28,27965,94],{"class":93},[28,27967,11230],{"class":120},[28,27969,101],{"class":93},[28,27971,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,27973,115],{"class":114},[28,27975,94],{"class":93},[28,27977,11230],{"class":120},[28,27979,385],{"class":93},[28,27981,16709],{"class":120},[28,27983,6970],{"class":93},[28,27985,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,27987,115],{"class":114},[28,27989,94],{"class":93},[28,27991,358],{"class":42},[28,27993,121],{"class":46},[28,27995,358],{"class":42},[28,27997,20961],{"class":3644},[28,27999,11548],{"class":120},[28,28001,101],{"class":93},[28,28003,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,28005,115],{"class":114},[28,28007,94],{"class":93},[28,28009,11230],{"class":120},[28,28011,385],{"class":93},[28,28013,26030],{"class":120},[28,28015,94],{"class":93},[28,28017,358],{"class":42},[28,28019,121],{"class":46},[28,28021,358],{"class":42},[28,28023,2759],{"class":93},[28,28025,61],{"class":42},[28,28027,26562],{"class":46},[28,28029,358],{"class":42},[28,28031,318],{"class":93},[28,28033,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,28035,115],{"class":114},[28,28037,94],{"class":93},[28,28039,311],{"class":89},[28,28041,94],{"class":93},[28,28043,11230],{"class":120},[28,28045,318],{"class":93},[14,28047,21124],{},[177,28049,28050,28055,28060,28065,28071],{},[180,28051,28052,28054],{},[25,28053,12462],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[180,28056,28057,28059],{},[25,28058,21136],{}," shows all available keys",[180,28061,28062,28064],{},[25,28063,21142],{}," checks whether a key exists",[180,28066,28067,28070],{},[25,28068,28069],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[180,28072,28073,28075],{},[25,28074,12468],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28077,28078,28079,385],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[381,28080,9170],{"href":9169},[172,28082,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,28084,28086,28087,28089],{"id":28085},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[25,28088,12546],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28091,28092],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1109,28094,28096],{"id":28095},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28098,28099,26327,28101,28103,28104,28106],{},[25,28100,26126],{},[25,28102,19475],{},". ",[25,28105,26130],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1109,28108,12487,28110,14682],{"id":28109},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[25,28111,12546],{},[14,28113,28114],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1109,28116,28118,28119,28121],{"id":28117},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[25,28120,12546],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28123,28124,28125,28127,28128,385],{},"Not with ",[25,28126,12352],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[381,28129,28130],{"href":12363},[25,28131,12553],{},[1109,28133,4953,28135,1323,28137,2262],{"id":28134},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[25,28136,10520],{},[25,28138,12546],{},[14,28140,28141,28143,28144,28146],{},[25,28142,10520],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[25,28145,12546],{}," reads and removes it.",[172,28148,1662],{"id":1661},[177,28150,28151,28157,28164,28168,28172,28176],{},[180,28152,28153],{},[381,28154,28155],{"href":10516},[25,28156,19456],{},[180,28158,28159],{},[381,28160,28161],{"href":12363},[25,28162,28163],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[180,28165,28166],{},[381,28167,12570],{"href":12356},[180,28169,28170],{},[381,28171,21245],{"href":16382},[180,28173,28174],{},[381,28175,11042],{"href":10853},[180,28177,28178],{},[381,28179,28181],{"href":28180},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1699,28183,28184],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":28186},[28187,28188,28190,28191,28192,28194,28201,28208,28218,28219,28220,28231],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":26137,"depth":53,"text":28189},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":26622,"depth":53,"text":28193},"When to use pop()",{"id":26809,"depth":53,"text":28195,"children":28196},"pop() vs del",[28197,28199],{"id":26824,"depth":70,"text":28198},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26927,"depth":70,"text":28200},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27030,"depth":53,"text":28202,"children":28203},"How to avoid KeyError",[28204,28205,28206],{"id":27039,"depth":70,"text":27040},{"id":27135,"depth":70,"text":27136},{"id":27243,"depth":70,"text":28207},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":28209},[28210,28212,28214,28216],{"id":27353,"depth":70,"text":28211},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27486,"depth":70,"text":28213},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27591,"depth":70,"text":28215},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27708,"depth":70,"text":28217},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27809,"depth":53,"text":27810},{"id":8649,"depth":53,"text":8650},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":28221},[28222,28224,28225,28227,28229],{"id":28085,"depth":70,"text":28223},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28095,"depth":70,"text":28096},{"id":28109,"depth":70,"text":28226},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28117,"depth":70,"text":28228},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28134,"depth":70,"text":28230},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25958,"description":28232},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28239,"title":28163,"body":28240,"description":30179,"extension":1730,"meta":30180,"navigation":107,"path":30181,"seo":30182,"stem":30183,"__hash__":30184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28241,"toc":30143},[28242,28247,28252,28255,28263,28273,28275,28364,28368,28417,28422,28427,28431,28447,28450,28452,28467,28469,28485,28492,28496,28502,28511,28513,28582,28586,28607,28610,28629,28632,28655,28657,28660,28775,28779,28838,28845,28849,28855,28980,28984,29034,29037,29041,29048,29050,29113,29117,29138,29141,29150,29165,29173,29180,29184,29196,29200,29211,29213,29359,29363,29422,29429,29434,29438,29444,29467,29472,29490,29494,29565,29572,29645,29654,29659,29664,29675,29678,29815,29820,29852,29857,29859,29863,29923,29926,29983,29986,30029,30031,30036,30042,30048,30051,30058,30066,30071,30074,30081,30089,30091,30140],[10,28243,11098,28245,11102],{"id":28244},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[25,28246,12553],{},[14,28248,679,28249,28251],{},[25,28250,12553],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28253,28254],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[177,28256,28257,28260],{},[180,28258,28259],{},"remove an item",[180,28261,28262],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28264,28265,28266,28268,28269,28272],{},"In modern Python, ",[25,28267,12553],{}," removes the ",[163,28270,28271],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[172,28274,1771],{"id":1770},[18,28276,28278],{"className":20,"code":28277,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[25,28279,28280,28324,28340,28344,28354],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28281,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28283,8944],{"class":34},[28,28285,39],{"class":38},[28,28287,10270],{"class":93},[28,28289,234],{"class":42},[28,28291,381],{"class":46},[28,28293,234],{"class":42},[28,28295,271],{"class":93},[28,28297,5273],{"class":97},[28,28299,2759],{"class":93},[28,28301,43],{"class":42},[28,28303,4533],{"class":46},[28,28305,234],{"class":42},[28,28307,271],{"class":93},[28,28309,2762],{"class":97},[28,28311,2759],{"class":93},[28,28313,43],{"class":42},[28,28315,9518],{"class":46},[28,28317,234],{"class":42},[28,28319,271],{"class":93},[28,28321,2221],{"class":97},[28,28323,9087],{"class":93},[28,28325,28326,28329,28331,28333,28335,28338],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,28327,28328],{"class":34},"item ",[28,28330,39],{"class":38},[28,28332,14352],{"class":34},[28,28334,385],{"class":93},[28,28336,28337],{"class":120},"popitem",[28,28339,8420],{"class":93},[28,28341,28342],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,28343,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,28345,28346,28348,28350,28352],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,28347,115],{"class":114},[28,28349,94],{"class":93},[28,28351,23098],{"class":120},[28,28353,101],{"class":93},[28,28355,28356,28358,28360,28362],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,28357,115],{"class":114},[28,28359,94],{"class":93},[28,28361,8983],{"class":120},[28,28363,101],{"class":93},[14,28365,28366],{},[163,28367,336],{},[18,28369,28371],{"className":20,"code":28370,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[25,28372,28373,28389],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28374,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28376,94],{"class":93},[28,28378,358],{"class":42},[28,28380,9518],{"class":46},[28,28382,358],{"class":42},[28,28384,2759],{"class":93},[28,28386,2221],{"class":97},[28,28388,101],{"class":93},[28,28390,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,28392,9057],{"class":93},[28,28394,358],{"class":42},[28,28396,381],{"class":46},[28,28398,358],{"class":42},[28,28400,271],{"class":93},[28,28402,5273],{"class":97},[28,28404,2759],{"class":93},[28,28406,61],{"class":42},[28,28408,4533],{"class":46},[28,28410,358],{"class":42},[28,28412,271],{"class":93},[28,28414,2762],{"class":97},[28,28416,9087],{"class":93},[14,28418,28419,28421],{},[25,28420,12553],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[172,28423,3445,28425,3448],{"id":28424},"what-popitem-does",[25,28426,12553],{},[14,28428,28429,271],{},[25,28430,12553],{},[177,28432,28433,28436,28441,28444],{},[180,28434,28435],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[180,28437,28438,28439],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[25,28440,21442],{},[180,28442,28443],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[180,28445,28446],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28448,28449],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[172,28451,1927],{"id":1926},[18,28453,28455],{"className":20,"code":28454,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[25,28456,28457],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28458,28459,28461,28463,28465],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28460,15389],{"class":34},[28,28462,385],{"class":93},[28,28464,28337],{"class":120},[28,28466,8420],{"class":93},[14,28468,11239],{},[177,28470,28471,28479,28482],{},[180,28472,28473,28475,28476],{},[25,28474,12553],{}," takes ",[163,28477,28478],{},"no arguments",[180,28480,28481],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[180,28483,28484],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28486,28487,28488,6406],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[381,28489,28490],{"href":12349},[25,28491,12546],{},[172,28493,28495],{"id":28494},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28497,28498,28499,28501],{},"The value returned by ",[25,28500,12553],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28503,28504,28505,28508],"ol",{},[180,28506,28507],{},"the key",[180,28509,28510],{},"the value",[14,28512,924],{},[18,28514,28516],{"className":20,"code":28515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,28517,28518,28554,28568,28572],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28519,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530,28532,28534,28536,28538,28540,28542,28544,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28521,12989],{"class":34},[28,28523,39],{"class":38},[28,28525,10270],{"class":93},[28,28527,234],{"class":42},[28,28529,121],{"class":46},[28,28531,234],{"class":42},[28,28533,271],{"class":93},[28,28535,43],{"class":42},[28,28537,47],{"class":46},[28,28539,234],{"class":42},[28,28541,2759],{"class":93},[28,28543,43],{"class":42},[28,28545,835],{"class":46},[28,28547,234],{"class":42},[28,28549,271],{"class":93},[28,28551,9084],{"class":97},[28,28553,9087],{"class":93},[28,28555,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,28557,1999],{"class":34},[28,28559,39],{"class":38},[28,28561,13032],{"class":34},[28,28563,385],{"class":93},[28,28565,28337],{"class":120},[28,28567,8420],{"class":93},[28,28569,28570],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,28571,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,28573,28574,28576,28578,28580],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,28575,115],{"class":114},[28,28577,94],{"class":93},[28,28579,2033],{"class":120},[28,28581,101],{"class":93},[14,28583,28584],{},[163,28585,336],{},[18,28587,28589],{"className":20,"code":28588,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('age', 25)\n",[25,28590,28591],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28592,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28594,94],{"class":93},[28,28596,358],{"class":42},[28,28598,835],{"class":46},[28,28600,358],{"class":42},[28,28602,2759],{"class":93},[28,28604,9084],{"class":97},[28,28606,101],{"class":93},[14,28608,28609],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[18,28611,28613],{"className":20,"code":28612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = person.popitem()\n",[25,28614,28615],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28616,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28618,1999],{"class":34},[28,28620,39],{"class":38},[28,28622,13032],{"class":34},[28,28624,385],{"class":93},[28,28626,28337],{"class":120},[28,28628,8420],{"class":93},[14,28630,28631],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[18,28633,28635],{"className":20,"code":28634,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[25,28636,28637],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28638,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28640,14627],{"class":34},[28,28642,2759],{"class":93},[28,28644,21372],{"class":34},[28,28646,39],{"class":38},[28,28648,13032],{"class":34},[28,28650,385],{"class":93},[28,28652,28337],{"class":120},[28,28654,8420],{"class":93},[172,28656,11256],{"id":11255},[14,28658,28659],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[18,28661,28663],{"className":20,"code":28662,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[25,28664,28665,28713,28717,28732,28736,28756],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28666,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28697,28699,28701,28704,28706,28708,28711],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28668,4836],{"class":34},[28,28670,39],{"class":38},[28,28672,10270],{"class":93},[28,28674,234],{"class":42},[28,28676,28677],{"class":46},"Tom",[28,28679,234],{"class":42},[28,28681,271],{"class":93},[28,28683,4848],{"class":97},[28,28685,2759],{"class":93},[28,28687,43],{"class":42},[28,28689,12664],{"class":46},[28,28691,234],{"class":42},[28,28693,271],{"class":93},[28,28695,28696],{"class":97}," 95",[28,28698,2759],{"class":93},[28,28700,43],{"class":42},[28,28702,28703],{"class":46},"Leo",[28,28705,234],{"class":42},[28,28707,271],{"class":93},[28,28709,28710],{"class":97}," 88",[28,28712,9087],{"class":93},[28,28714,28715],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,28716,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,28718,28719,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,28720,28721],{"class":34},"removed_pair ",[28,28723,39],{"class":38},[28,28725,4883],{"class":34},[28,28727,385],{"class":93},[28,28729,28337],{"class":120},[28,28731,8420],{"class":93},[28,28733,28734],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,28735,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,28737,28738,28740,28742,28744,28747,28749,28751,28754],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,28739,115],{"class":114},[28,28741,94],{"class":93},[28,28743,234],{"class":42},[28,28745,28746],{"class":46},"Removed:",[28,28748,234],{"class":42},[28,28750,2759],{"class":93},[28,28752,28753],{"class":120}," removed_pair",[28,28755,101],{"class":93},[28,28757,28758,28760,28762,28764,28767,28769,28771,28773],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,28759,115],{"class":114},[28,28761,94],{"class":93},[28,28763,234],{"class":42},[28,28765,28766],{"class":46},"After removal:",[28,28768,234],{"class":42},[28,28770,2759],{"class":93},[28,28772,4883],{"class":120},[28,28774,101],{"class":93},[14,28776,28777],{},[163,28778,336],{},[18,28780,28782],{"className":20,"code":28781,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[25,28783,28784,28805],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28785,28786,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28787,28788],{"class":34},"Removed",[28,28790,271],{"class":93},[28,28792,9015],{"class":93},[28,28794,358],{"class":42},[28,28796,28703],{"class":46},[28,28798,358],{"class":42},[28,28800,2759],{"class":93},[28,28802,28710],{"class":97},[28,28804,101],{"class":93},[28,28806,28807,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,28808,28809],{"class":34},"After removal",[28,28811,271],{"class":93},[28,28813,10270],{"class":93},[28,28815,358],{"class":42},[28,28817,28677],{"class":46},[28,28819,358],{"class":42},[28,28821,271],{"class":93},[28,28823,4848],{"class":97},[28,28825,2759],{"class":93},[28,28827,61],{"class":42},[28,28829,12664],{"class":46},[28,28831,358],{"class":42},[28,28833,271],{"class":93},[28,28835,28696],{"class":97},[28,28837,9087],{"class":93},[14,28839,28840,28841,28844],{},"The last inserted item was ",[25,28842,28843],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[172,28846,28848],{"id":28847},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28850,28851,28852,28854],{},"Because ",[25,28853,12553],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[18,28856,28858],{"className":20,"code":28857,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[25,28859,28860,28896,28900,28919,28923,28942,28961],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28861,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28863,15232],{"class":34},[28,28865,39],{"class":38},[28,28867,10270],{"class":93},[28,28869,234],{"class":42},[28,28871,15243],{"class":46},[28,28873,234],{"class":42},[28,28875,271],{"class":93},[28,28877,43],{"class":42},[28,28879,15252],{"class":46},[28,28881,234],{"class":42},[28,28883,2759],{"class":93},[28,28885,43],{"class":42},[28,28887,15263],{"class":46},[28,28889,234],{"class":42},[28,28891,271],{"class":93},[28,28893,26696],{"class":97},[28,28895,9087],{"class":93},[28,28897,28898],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,28899,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,28901,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910,28913,28915,28917],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,28903,14627],{"class":34},[28,28905,2759],{"class":93},[28,28907,21372],{"class":34},[28,28909,39],{"class":38},[28,28911,28912],{"class":34}," book",[28,28914,385],{"class":93},[28,28916,28337],{"class":120},[28,28918,8420],{"class":93},[28,28920,28921],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,28922,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,28924,28925,28927,28929,28931,28934,28936,28938,28940],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,28926,115],{"class":114},[28,28928,94],{"class":93},[28,28930,234],{"class":42},[28,28932,28933],{"class":46},"Key:",[28,28935,234],{"class":42},[28,28937,2759],{"class":93},[28,28939,21367],{"class":120},[28,28941,101],{"class":93},[28,28943,28944,28946,28948,28950,28953,28955,28957,28959],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,28945,115],{"class":114},[28,28947,94],{"class":93},[28,28949,234],{"class":42},[28,28951,28952],{"class":46},"Value:",[28,28954,234],{"class":42},[28,28956,2759],{"class":93},[28,28958,8210],{"class":120},[28,28960,101],{"class":93},[28,28962,28963,28965,28967,28969,28972,28974,28976,28978],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,28964,115],{"class":114},[28,28966,94],{"class":93},[28,28968,234],{"class":42},[28,28970,28971],{"class":46},"Dictionary:",[28,28973,234],{"class":42},[28,28975,2759],{"class":93},[28,28977,28912],{"class":120},[28,28979,101],{"class":93},[14,28981,28982],{},[163,28983,336],{},[18,28985,28987],{"className":20,"code":28986,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[25,28988,28989,28999,29009],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,28990,28991,28994,28996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,28992,28993],{"class":34},"Key",[28,28995,271],{"class":93},[28,28997,28998],{"class":34}," pages\n",[28,29000,29001,29004,29006],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29002,29003],{"class":34},"Value",[28,29005,271],{"class":93},[28,29007,29008],{"class":97}," 200\n",[28,29010,29011,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29012,29013],{"class":34},"Dictionary",[28,29015,271],{"class":93},[28,29017,10270],{"class":93},[28,29019,358],{"class":42},[28,29021,15243],{"class":46},[28,29023,358],{"class":42},[28,29025,271],{"class":93},[28,29027,61],{"class":42},[28,29029,15252],{"class":46},[28,29031,358],{"class":42},[28,29033,9087],{"class":93},[14,29035,29036],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[172,29038,29040],{"id":29039},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29042,29043,29044,28268,29046,385],{},"In current Python versions, ",[25,29045,12553],{},[163,29047,28271],{},[14,29049,924],{},[18,29051,29053],{"className":20,"code":29052,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[25,29054,29055,29099],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29056,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29058,8944],{"class":34},[28,29060,39],{"class":38},[28,29062,10270],{"class":93},[28,29064,234],{"class":42},[28,29066,1944],{"class":46},[28,29068,234],{"class":42},[28,29070,271],{"class":93},[28,29072,5273],{"class":97},[28,29074,2759],{"class":93},[28,29076,43],{"class":42},[28,29078,11527],{"class":46},[28,29080,234],{"class":42},[28,29082,271],{"class":93},[28,29084,2762],{"class":97},[28,29086,2759],{"class":93},[28,29088,43],{"class":42},[28,29090,21864],{"class":46},[28,29092,234],{"class":42},[28,29094,271],{"class":93},[28,29096,2221],{"class":97},[28,29098,9087],{"class":93},[28,29100,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29102,115],{"class":114},[28,29104,94],{"class":93},[28,29106,8983],{"class":120},[28,29108,385],{"class":93},[28,29110,28337],{"class":120},[28,29112,6970],{"class":93},[14,29114,29115],{},[163,29116,336],{},[18,29118,29120],{"className":20,"code":29119,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('z', 3)\n",[25,29121,29122],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29123,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29125,94],{"class":93},[28,29127,358],{"class":42},[28,29129,21864],{"class":46},[28,29131,358],{"class":42},[28,29133,2759],{"class":93},[28,29135,2221],{"class":97},[28,29137,101],{"class":93},[14,29139,29140],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29142,29143,29144,29146,29147,29149],{},"As a beginner, do ",[163,29145,4402],{}," think of ",[25,29148,12553],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29151,29152,29153,1959,29157,16858,29161,385],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[381,29154,29155],{"href":16861},[25,29156,16864],{},[381,29158,29159],{"href":16848},[25,29160,16851],{},[381,29162,29163],{"href":16854},[25,29164,16857],{},[172,29166,29168,29169,1323,29171],{"id":29167},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[25,29170,12553],{},[25,29172,12546],{},[14,29174,29175,1323,29177,29179],{},[25,29176,12553],{},[25,29178,12546],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1109,29181,29182],{"id":28337},[25,29183,12553],{},[177,29185,29186,29189,29192],{},[180,29187,29188],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[180,29190,29191],{},"does not need a key argument",[180,29193,3460,29194],{},[25,29195,21442],{},[1109,29197,29198],{"id":26030},[25,29199,12546],{},[177,29201,29202,29205,29208],{},[180,29203,29204],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[180,29206,29207],{},"needs the key name",[180,29209,29210],{},"returns only the value",[14,29212,924],{},[18,29214,29216],{"className":20,"code":29215,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[25,29217,29218,29262,29266,29280,29300,29304,29326,29345,29349],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29219,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29258,29260],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29221,8944],{"class":34},[28,29223,39],{"class":38},[28,29225,10270],{"class":93},[28,29227,234],{"class":42},[28,29229,381],{"class":46},[28,29231,234],{"class":42},[28,29233,271],{"class":93},[28,29235,5273],{"class":97},[28,29237,2759],{"class":93},[28,29239,43],{"class":42},[28,29241,4533],{"class":46},[28,29243,234],{"class":42},[28,29245,271],{"class":93},[28,29247,2762],{"class":97},[28,29249,2759],{"class":93},[28,29251,43],{"class":42},[28,29253,9518],{"class":46},[28,29255,234],{"class":42},[28,29257,271],{"class":93},[28,29259,2221],{"class":97},[28,29261,9087],{"class":93},[28,29263,29264],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29265,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29267,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29269,28328],{"class":34},[28,29271,39],{"class":38},[28,29273,14352],{"class":34},[28,29275,385],{"class":93},[28,29277,28337],{"class":120},[28,29279,8420],{"class":93},[28,29281,29282,29284,29286,29288,29291,29293,29295,29298],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,29283,115],{"class":114},[28,29285,94],{"class":93},[28,29287,234],{"class":42},[28,29289,29290],{"class":46},"popitem():",[28,29292,234],{"class":42},[28,29294,2759],{"class":93},[28,29296,29297],{"class":120}," item",[28,29299,101],{"class":93},[28,29301,29302],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,29303,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29305,29306,29308,29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,29307,2216],{"class":34},[28,29309,39],{"class":38},[28,29311,14352],{"class":34},[28,29313,385],{"class":93},[28,29315,26030],{"class":120},[28,29317,94],{"class":93},[28,29319,234],{"class":42},[28,29321,381],{"class":46},[28,29323,234],{"class":42},[28,29325,101],{"class":93},[28,29327,29328,29330,29332,29334,29337,29339,29341,29343],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,29329,115],{"class":114},[28,29331,94],{"class":93},[28,29333,234],{"class":42},[28,29335,29336],{"class":46},"pop('a'):",[28,29338,234],{"class":42},[28,29340,2759],{"class":93},[28,29342,8210],{"class":120},[28,29344,101],{"class":93},[28,29346,29347],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,29348,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29350,29351,29353,29355,29357],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,29352,115],{"class":114},[28,29354,94],{"class":93},[28,29356,8983],{"class":120},[28,29358,101],{"class":93},[14,29360,29361],{},[163,29362,336],{},[18,29364,29366],{"className":20,"code":29365,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[25,29367,29368,29389,29406],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29369,29370,29372,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29371,28337],{"class":120},[28,29373,29374],{"class":93},"():",[28,29376,9015],{"class":93},[28,29378,358],{"class":42},[28,29380,9518],{"class":46},[28,29382,358],{"class":42},[28,29384,2759],{"class":93},[28,29386,2221],{"class":97},[28,29388,101],{"class":93},[28,29390,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29392,26030],{"class":120},[28,29394,94],{"class":93},[28,29396,358],{"class":42},[28,29398,381],{"class":46},[28,29400,358],{"class":42},[28,29402,16237],{"class":93},[28,29404,29405],{"class":97}," 1\n",[28,29407,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29409,9057],{"class":93},[28,29411,358],{"class":42},[28,29413,4533],{"class":46},[28,29415,358],{"class":42},[28,29417,271],{"class":93},[28,29419,2762],{"class":97},[28,29421,9087],{"class":93},[14,29423,1631,29424,29428],{},[381,29425,29426],{"href":12349},[25,29427,12546],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29430,1631,29431,29433],{},[25,29432,12553],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[172,29435,29437],{"id":29436},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29439,29440,29441,29443],{},"Calling ",[25,29442,12553],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[18,29445,29447],{"className":20,"code":29446,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[25,29448,29449,29457],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29450,29451,29453,29455],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29452,8944],{"class":34},[28,29454,39],{"class":38},[28,29456,9617],{"class":93},[28,29458,29459,29461,29463,29465],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29460,8983],{"class":34},[28,29462,385],{"class":93},[28,29464,28337],{"class":120},[28,29466,8420],{"class":93},[14,29468,29469],{},[163,29470,29471],{},"Error:",[18,29473,29475],{"className":20,"code":29474,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[25,29476,29477],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29478,29479,29481,29483,29485,29488],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29480,19475],{"class":89},[28,29482,271],{"class":93},[28,29484,61],{"class":42},[28,29486,29487],{"class":46},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[28,29489,67],{"class":42},[1109,29491,29493],{"id":29492},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[18,29495,29497],{"className":20,"code":29496,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[25,29498,29499,29507,29511,29519,29534,29544,29550],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29500,29501,29503,29505],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29502,8944],{"class":34},[28,29504,39],{"class":38},[28,29506,9617],{"class":93},[28,29508,29509],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29510,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29512,29513,29515,29517],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29514,6773],{"class":3644},[28,29516,14352],{"class":34},[28,29518,6170],{"class":93},[28,29520,29521,29524,29526,29528,29530,29532],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,29522,29523],{"class":34},"    item ",[28,29525,39],{"class":38},[28,29527,14352],{"class":34},[28,29529,385],{"class":93},[28,29531,28337],{"class":120},[28,29533,8420],{"class":93},[28,29535,29536,29538,29540,29542],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,29537,7844],{"class":114},[28,29539,94],{"class":93},[28,29541,23098],{"class":120},[28,29543,101],{"class":93},[28,29545,29546,29548],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,29547,27223],{"class":3644},[28,29549,6170],{"class":93},[28,29551,29552,29554,29556,29558,29561,29563],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,29553,7844],{"class":114},[28,29555,94],{"class":93},[28,29557,234],{"class":42},[28,29559,29560],{"class":46},"Dictionary is empty",[28,29562,234],{"class":42},[28,29564,101],{"class":93},[1109,29566,29568,29569],{"id":29567},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[25,29570,29571],{},"try-except",[18,29573,29575],{"className":20,"code":29574,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[25,29576,29577,29585,29589,29596,29610,29620,29630],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29578,29579,29581,29583],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29580,8944],{"class":34},[28,29582,39],{"class":38},[28,29584,9617],{"class":93},[28,29586,29587],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29588,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29590,29591,29594],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29592,29593],{"class":3644},"try",[28,29595,6170],{"class":93},[28,29597,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,29599,29523],{"class":34},[28,29601,39],{"class":38},[28,29603,14352],{"class":34},[28,29605,385],{"class":93},[28,29607,28337],{"class":120},[28,29609,8420],{"class":93},[28,29611,29612,29614,29616,29618],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,29613,7844],{"class":114},[28,29615,94],{"class":93},[28,29617,23098],{"class":120},[28,29619,101],{"class":93},[28,29621,29622,29625,29628],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,29623,29624],{"class":3644},"except",[28,29626,29627],{"class":89}," KeyError",[28,29629,6170],{"class":93},[28,29631,29632,29634,29636,29638,29641,29643],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,29633,7844],{"class":114},[28,29635,94],{"class":93},[28,29637,234],{"class":42},[28,29639,29640],{"class":46},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[28,29642,234],{"class":42},[28,29644,101],{"class":93},[14,29646,29647,29648,385],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[381,29649,25468,29651],{"href":29650},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[25,29652,29653],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[172,29655,4734,29657],{"id":29656},"when-to-use-popitem",[25,29658,12553],{},[14,29660,29661,29663],{},[25,29662,12553],{}," is useful when:",[177,29665,29666,29669,29672],{},[180,29667,29668],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[180,29670,29671],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[180,29673,29674],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29676,29677],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[18,29679,29681],{"className":20,"code":29680,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[25,29682,29683,29692,29712,29732,29750,29754,29758,29768,29787],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29684,29685,29688,29690],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29686,29687],{"class":34},"tasks ",[28,29689,39],{"class":38},[28,29691,11274],{"class":93},[28,29693,29694,29696,29699,29701,29703,29705,29708,29710],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29695,11279],{"class":42},[28,29697,29698],{"class":46},"first",[28,29700,234],{"class":42},[28,29702,271],{"class":93},[28,29704,43],{"class":42},[28,29706,29707],{"class":46},"wash dishes",[28,29709,234],{"class":42},[28,29711,11295],{"class":93},[28,29713,29714,29716,29719,29721,29723,29725,29728,29730],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29715,11279],{"class":42},[28,29717,29718],{"class":46},"second",[28,29720,234],{"class":42},[28,29722,271],{"class":93},[28,29724,43],{"class":42},[28,29726,29727],{"class":46},"do homework",[28,29729,234],{"class":42},[28,29731,11295],{"class":93},[28,29733,29734,29736,29739,29741,29743,29745,29748],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,29735,11279],{"class":42},[28,29737,29738],{"class":46},"third",[28,29740,234],{"class":42},[28,29742,271],{"class":93},[28,29744,43],{"class":42},[28,29746,29747],{"class":46},"read book",[28,29749,50],{"class":42},[28,29751,29752],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,29753,9087],{"class":93},[28,29755,29756],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,29757,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29759,29760,29763,29766],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,29761,29762],{"class":3644},"while",[28,29764,29765],{"class":34}," tasks",[28,29767,6170],{"class":93},[28,29769,29770,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,29771,29772],{"class":34},"    key",[28,29774,2759],{"class":93},[28,29776,21372],{"class":34},[28,29778,39],{"class":38},[28,29780,29765],{"class":34},[28,29782,385],{"class":93},[28,29784,28337],{"class":120},[28,29786,8420],{"class":93},[28,29788,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797,29799,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809,29811,29813],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,29790,7844],{"class":114},[28,29792,94],{"class":93},[28,29794,22081],{"class":349},[28,29796,234],{"class":46},[28,29798,9057],{"class":97},[28,29800,14627],{"class":120},[28,29802,22090],{"class":97},[28,29804,22093],{"class":46},[28,29806,9057],{"class":97},[28,29808,2242],{"class":120},[28,29810,22090],{"class":97},[28,29812,234],{"class":46},[28,29814,101],{"class":93},[14,29816,29817],{},[163,29818,29819],{},"Possible output:",[18,29821,29823],{"className":20,"code":29822,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[25,29824,29825,29834,29843],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29826,29827,29829,29831],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29828,29738],{"class":34},[28,29830,271],{"class":93},[28,29832,29833],{"class":34}," read book\n",[28,29835,29836,29838,29840],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29837,29718],{"class":34},[28,29839,271],{"class":93},[28,29841,29842],{"class":34}," do homework\n",[28,29844,29845,29847,29849],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29846,29698],{"class":34},[28,29848,271],{"class":93},[28,29850,29851],{"class":34}," wash dishes\n",[14,29853,28851,29854,29856],{},[25,29855,12553],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[172,29858,1104],{"id":1103},[14,29860,14519,29861,271],{},[25,29862,12553],{},[177,29864,29865,29879,29898,29909],{},[180,29866,29867,29872],{},[163,29868,29440,29869,29871],{},[25,29870,12553],{}," on an empty dictionary",[177,29873,29874],{},[180,29875,29876,29877,385],{},"This raises ",[25,29878,19475],{},[180,29880,29881,29886],{},[163,29882,8230,29883,29885],{},[25,29884,12553],{}," to remove a specific key",[177,29887,29888,29891],{},[180,29889,29890],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[180,29892,1631,29893,29897],{},[381,29894,29895],{"href":12349},[25,29896,12546],{}," if you need that.",[180,29899,29900,29904],{},[163,29901,4476,29902,27489],{},[25,29903,12553],{},[177,29905,29906],{},[180,29907,29908],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[180,29910,29911,29914],{},[163,29912,29913],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[177,29915,29916],{},[180,29917,29918,21762,29920,29922],{},[25,29919,12553],{},[25,29921,21442],{}," tuple.",[14,29924,29925],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[18,29927,29929],{"className":20,"code":29928,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[25,29930,29931,29941,29955,29959,29973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29932,29933,29935,29937,29939],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29934,115],{"class":114},[28,29936,94],{"class":93},[28,29938,11230],{"class":120},[28,29940,101],{"class":93},[28,29942,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,29944,115],{"class":114},[28,29946,94],{"class":93},[28,29948,10941],{"class":114},[28,29950,94],{"class":93},[28,29952,11230],{"class":120},[28,29954,318],{"class":93},[28,29956,29957],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,29958,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,29960,29961,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,29962,28328],{"class":34},[28,29964,39],{"class":38},[28,29966,11548],{"class":34},[28,29968,385],{"class":93},[28,29970,28337],{"class":120},[28,29972,8420],{"class":93},[28,29974,29975,29977,29979,29981],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,29976,115],{"class":114},[28,29978,94],{"class":93},[28,29980,23098],{"class":120},[28,29982,101],{"class":93},[14,29984,29985],{},"Or with unpacking:",[18,29987,29989],{"className":20,"code":29988,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[25,29990,29991,30009,30019],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,29992,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,29994,14627],{"class":34},[28,29996,2759],{"class":93},[28,29998,21372],{"class":34},[28,30000,39],{"class":38},[28,30002,11548],{"class":34},[28,30004,385],{"class":93},[28,30006,28337],{"class":120},[28,30008,8420],{"class":93},[28,30010,30011,30013,30015,30017],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,30012,115],{"class":114},[28,30014,94],{"class":93},[28,30016,14627],{"class":120},[28,30018,101],{"class":93},[28,30020,30021,30023,30025,30027],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,30022,115],{"class":114},[28,30024,94],{"class":93},[28,30026,2242],{"class":120},[28,30028,101],{"class":93},[172,30030,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,30032,4915,30034,4918],{"id":30033},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[25,30035,12553],{},[14,30037,30038,30039,385],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[25,30040,30041],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1109,30043,12487,30045,30047],{"id":30044},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[25,30046,12553],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30049,30050],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1109,30052,30054,30055,30057],{"id":30053},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[25,30056,12553],{}," removes?",[14,30059,30060,30061,30065],{},"No. Use ",[381,30062,30063],{"href":12349},[25,30064,12546],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1109,30067,12487,30069,14682],{"id":30068},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[25,30070,12553],{},[14,30072,30073],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1109,30075,30077,30078,30080],{"id":30076},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[25,30079,12553],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30082,30083,30084,30086,30087,385],{},"It raises ",[25,30085,19475],{}," with the message ",[25,30088,29487],{},[172,30090,1662],{"id":1661},[177,30092,30093,30100,30106,30112,30118,30125,30129,30133],{},[180,30094,30095],{},[381,30096,30097,30099],{"href":12349},[25,30098,12546],{}," method for dictionaries",[180,30101,30102],{},[381,30103,30104,30099],{"href":16861},[25,30105,16864],{},[180,30107,30108],{},[381,30109,30110,30099],{"href":16848},[25,30111,16851],{},[180,30113,30114],{},[381,30115,30116,30099],{"href":16854},[25,30117,16857],{},[180,30119,30120],{},[381,30121,30123,30099],{"href":30122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[25,30124,11101],{},[180,30126,30127],{},[381,30128,12570],{"href":12356},[180,30130,30131],{},[381,30132,21245],{"href":16382},[180,30134,30135],{},[381,30136,30137,30138],{"href":29650},"Fix ",[25,30139,29653],{},[1699,30141,30142],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":30144},[30145,30146,30148,30149,30150,30151,30152,30153,30158,30163,30165,30166,30178],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":28424,"depth":53,"text":30147},"What popitem() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":28494,"depth":53,"text":28495},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":28847,"depth":53,"text":28848},{"id":29039,"depth":53,"text":29040},{"id":29167,"depth":53,"text":30154,"children":30155},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30156,30157],{"id":28337,"depth":70,"text":12553},{"id":26030,"depth":70,"text":12546},{"id":29436,"depth":53,"text":29437,"children":30159},[30160,30161],{"id":29492,"depth":70,"text":29493},{"id":29567,"depth":70,"text":30162},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29656,"depth":53,"text":30164},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":30167},[30168,30170,30172,30174,30176],{"id":30033,"depth":70,"text":30169},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30044,"depth":70,"text":30171},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30053,"depth":70,"text":30173},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30068,"depth":70,"text":30175},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30076,"depth":70,"text":30177},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28163,"description":30179},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30186,"title":30187,"body":30188,"description":32091,"extension":1730,"meta":32092,"navigation":107,"path":13818,"seo":32093,"stem":32094,"__hash__":32095},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30189,"toc":32063},[30190,30195,30200,30203,30205,30302,30307,30312,30317,30320,30328,30331,30346,30348,30448,30450,30507,30511,30513,30516,30536,30541,30552,30555,30582,30585,30587,30644,30646,30667,30673,30678,30681,30692,30694,30802,30804,30857,30859,30871,30878,30884,30889,30892,30980,30982,31027,31030,31038,31041,31044,31113,31116,31119,31123,31126,31197,31199,31252,31255,31258,31261,31276,31279,31291,31294,31357,31359,31365,31367,31369,31448,31450,31491,31493,31558,31560,31597,31602,31607,31611,31625,31628,31751,31753,31838,31843,31845,31849,31871,31874,31954,31957,31976,31981,31983,31989,31994,32000,32003,32009,32012,32018,32023,32029,32035,32037,32060],[10,30191,11098,30193,11102],{"id":30192},"python-dictionary-update-method",[25,30194,14740],{},[14,30196,679,30197,30199],{},[25,30198,14740],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30201,30202],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[172,30204,1771],{"id":1770},[18,30206,30208],{"className":20,"code":30207,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[25,30209,30210,30246,30287,30297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30211,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30213,12989],{"class":34},[28,30215,39],{"class":38},[28,30217,10270],{"class":93},[28,30219,234],{"class":42},[28,30221,121],{"class":46},[28,30223,234],{"class":42},[28,30225,271],{"class":93},[28,30227,43],{"class":42},[28,30229,12664],{"class":46},[28,30231,234],{"class":42},[28,30233,2759],{"class":93},[28,30235,43],{"class":42},[28,30237,835],{"class":46},[28,30239,234],{"class":42},[28,30241,271],{"class":93},[28,30243,7566],{"class":97},[28,30245,9087],{"class":93},[28,30247,30248,30250,30252,30255,30257,30259,30261,30263,30265,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,30249,17093],{"class":34},[28,30251,385],{"class":93},[28,30253,30254],{"class":120},"update",[28,30256,5305],{"class":93},[28,30258,234],{"class":42},[28,30260,835],{"class":46},[28,30262,234],{"class":42},[28,30264,271],{"class":93},[28,30266,30267],{"class":97}," 21",[28,30269,2759],{"class":93},[28,30271,43],{"class":42},[28,30273,10188],{"class":46},[28,30275,234],{"class":42},[28,30277,271],{"class":93},[28,30279,43],{"class":42},[28,30281,15816],{"class":46},[28,30283,234],{"class":42},[28,30285,30286],{"class":93},"})\n",[28,30288,30289,30291,30293,30295],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,30290,115],{"class":114},[28,30292,94],{"class":93},[28,30294,17093],{"class":120},[28,30296,101],{"class":93},[28,30298,30299],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,30300,30301],{"class":1006},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30303,1631,30304,30306],{},[25,30305,14740],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[172,30308,3445,30310,3448],{"id":30309},"what-update-does",[25,30311,14740],{},[14,30313,30314,30316],{},[25,30315,14740],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30318,30319],{},"It can do two main things:",[177,30321,30322,30325],{},[180,30323,30324],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[180,30326,30327],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30329,30330],{},"Important things to know:",[177,30332,30333,30336,30339,30343],{},[180,30334,30335],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[180,30337,30338],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[180,30340,4921,30341],{},[25,30342,3546],{},[180,30344,30345],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30347,924],{},[18,30349,30351],{"className":20,"code":30350,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[25,30352,30353,30395,30438],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30354,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30391,30393],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30356,12647],{"class":34},[28,30358,39],{"class":38},[28,30360,10270],{"class":93},[28,30362,234],{"class":42},[28,30364,121],{"class":46},[28,30366,234],{"class":42},[28,30368,271],{"class":93},[28,30370,43],{"class":42},[28,30372,30373],{"class":46},"Mira",[28,30375,234],{"class":42},[28,30377,2759],{"class":93},[28,30379,43],{"class":42},[28,30381,19679],{"class":46},[28,30383,234],{"class":42},[28,30385,271],{"class":93},[28,30387,43],{"class":42},[28,30389,30390],{"class":46},"B",[28,30392,234],{"class":42},[28,30394,9087],{"class":93},[28,30396,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429,30431,30434,30436],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,30398,13411],{"class":34},[28,30400,385],{"class":93},[28,30402,30254],{"class":120},[28,30404,5305],{"class":93},[28,30406,234],{"class":42},[28,30408,19679],{"class":46},[28,30410,234],{"class":42},[28,30412,271],{"class":93},[28,30414,43],{"class":42},[28,30416,22032],{"class":46},[28,30418,234],{"class":42},[28,30420,2759],{"class":93},[28,30422,43],{"class":42},[28,30424,10188],{"class":46},[28,30426,234],{"class":42},[28,30428,271],{"class":93},[28,30430,43],{"class":42},[28,30432,30433],{"class":46},"Quito",[28,30435,234],{"class":42},[28,30437,30286],{"class":93},[28,30439,30440,30442,30444,30446],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,30441,115],{"class":114},[28,30443,94],{"class":93},[28,30445,13411],{"class":120},[28,30447,101],{"class":93},[14,30449,336],{},[18,30451,30453],{"className":20,"code":30452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[25,30454,30455],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30456,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30458,9057],{"class":93},[28,30460,358],{"class":42},[28,30462,121],{"class":46},[28,30464,358],{"class":42},[28,30466,271],{"class":93},[28,30468,61],{"class":42},[28,30470,30373],{"class":46},[28,30472,358],{"class":42},[28,30474,2759],{"class":93},[28,30476,61],{"class":42},[28,30478,19679],{"class":46},[28,30480,358],{"class":42},[28,30482,271],{"class":93},[28,30484,61],{"class":42},[28,30486,22032],{"class":46},[28,30488,358],{"class":42},[28,30490,2759],{"class":93},[28,30492,61],{"class":42},[28,30494,10188],{"class":46},[28,30496,358],{"class":42},[28,30498,271],{"class":93},[28,30500,61],{"class":42},[28,30502,30433],{"class":46},[28,30504,358],{"class":42},[28,30506,9087],{"class":93},[14,30508,8930,30509,385],{},[381,30510,24416],{"href":9169},[172,30512,1927],{"id":1926},[14,30514,30515],{},"The basic form is:",[18,30517,30519],{"className":20,"code":30518,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[25,30520,30521],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30522,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30534],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30524,15389],{"class":34},[28,30526,385],{"class":93},[28,30528,30254],{"class":120},[28,30530,94],{"class":93},[28,30532,30533],{"class":120},"other",[28,30535,101],{"class":93},[14,30537,30538,30540],{},[25,30539,30533],{}," can be:",[177,30542,30543,30546,30549],{},[180,30544,30545],{},"Another dictionary",[180,30547,30548],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[180,30550,30551],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30553,30554],{},"You can also use:",[18,30556,30558],{"className":20,"code":30557,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[25,30559,30560],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30561,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30563,15389],{"class":34},[28,30565,385],{"class":93},[28,30567,30254],{"class":120},[28,30569,94],{"class":93},[28,30571,121],{"class":8954},[28,30573,39],{"class":38},[28,30575,234],{"class":42},[28,30577,7452],{"class":46},[28,30579,234],{"class":42},[28,30581,101],{"class":93},[14,30583,30584],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30586,924],{},[18,30588,30590],{"className":20,"code":30589,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[25,30591,30592,30612,30634],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30593,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30595,8944],{"class":34},[28,30597,39],{"class":38},[28,30599,10270],{"class":93},[28,30601,234],{"class":42},[28,30603,381],{"class":46},[28,30605,234],{"class":42},[28,30607,271],{"class":93},[28,30609,5273],{"class":97},[28,30611,9087],{"class":93},[28,30613,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,30615,8983],{"class":34},[28,30617,385],{"class":93},[28,30619,30254],{"class":120},[28,30621,5305],{"class":93},[28,30623,234],{"class":42},[28,30625,381],{"class":46},[28,30627,234],{"class":42},[28,30629,271],{"class":93},[28,30631,5781],{"class":97},[28,30633,30286],{"class":93},[28,30635,30636,30638,30640,30642],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,30637,115],{"class":114},[28,30639,94],{"class":93},[28,30641,8983],{"class":120},[28,30643,101],{"class":93},[14,30645,336],{},[18,30647,30649],{"className":20,"code":30648,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a': 10}\n",[25,30650,30651],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30652,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30654,9057],{"class":93},[28,30656,358],{"class":42},[28,30658,381],{"class":46},[28,30660,358],{"class":42},[28,30662,271],{"class":93},[28,30664,5781],{"class":97},[28,30666,9087],{"class":93},[172,30668,8194,30670,30672],{"id":30669},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[25,30671,14740],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30674,30675,30676,385],{},"This is the most common use of ",[25,30677,14740],{},[14,30679,30680],{},"It is useful when:",[177,30682,30683,30686,30689],{},[180,30684,30685],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[180,30687,30688],{},"Adding extra settings",[180,30690,30691],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30693,924],{},[18,30695,30697],{"className":20,"code":30696,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[25,30698,30699,30736,30773,30777,30792],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30700,30701,30703,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30734],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30702,13611],{"class":34},[28,30704,39],{"class":38},[28,30706,10270],{"class":93},[28,30708,234],{"class":42},[28,30710,12277],{"class":46},[28,30712,234],{"class":42},[28,30714,271],{"class":93},[28,30716,43],{"class":42},[28,30718,20716],{"class":46},[28,30720,234],{"class":42},[28,30722,2759],{"class":93},[28,30724,43],{"class":42},[28,30726,13636],{"class":46},[28,30728,234],{"class":42},[28,30730,271],{"class":93},[28,30732,30733],{"class":97}," 12",[28,30735,9087],{"class":93},[28,30737,30738,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,30739,30740],{"class":34},"new_settings ",[28,30742,39],{"class":38},[28,30744,10270],{"class":93},[28,30746,234],{"class":42},[28,30748,13636],{"class":46},[28,30750,234],{"class":42},[28,30752,271],{"class":93},[28,30754,13643],{"class":97},[28,30756,2759],{"class":93},[28,30758,43],{"class":42},[28,30760,19911],{"class":46},[28,30762,234],{"class":42},[28,30764,271],{"class":93},[28,30766,43],{"class":42},[28,30768,19945],{"class":46},[28,30770,234],{"class":42},[28,30772,9087],{"class":93},[28,30774,30775],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,30776,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,30778,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30790],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,30780,13670],{"class":34},[28,30782,385],{"class":93},[28,30784,30254],{"class":120},[28,30786,94],{"class":93},[28,30788,30789],{"class":120},"new_settings",[28,30791,101],{"class":93},[28,30793,30794,30796,30798,30800],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,30795,115],{"class":114},[28,30797,94],{"class":93},[28,30799,13670],{"class":120},[28,30801,101],{"class":93},[14,30803,336],{},[18,30805,30807],{"className":20,"code":30806,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[25,30808,30809],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30810,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30812,9057],{"class":93},[28,30814,358],{"class":42},[28,30816,12277],{"class":46},[28,30818,358],{"class":42},[28,30820,271],{"class":93},[28,30822,61],{"class":42},[28,30824,20716],{"class":46},[28,30826,358],{"class":42},[28,30828,2759],{"class":93},[28,30830,61],{"class":42},[28,30832,13636],{"class":46},[28,30834,358],{"class":42},[28,30836,271],{"class":93},[28,30838,13643],{"class":97},[28,30840,2759],{"class":93},[28,30842,61],{"class":42},[28,30844,19911],{"class":46},[28,30846,358],{"class":42},[28,30848,271],{"class":93},[28,30850,61],{"class":42},[28,30852,19945],{"class":46},[28,30854,358],{"class":42},[28,30856,9087],{"class":93},[14,30858,13194],{},[177,30860,30861,30866],{},[180,30862,30863,30865],{},[25,30864,13636],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[180,30867,30868,30870],{},[25,30869,19911],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30872,30873,30874,385],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[381,30875,30877],{"href":30876},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[172,30879,8194,30881,30883],{"id":30880},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[25,30882,14740],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30885,30886,30888],{},[25,30887,14740],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30890,30891],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[18,30893,30895],{"className":20,"code":30894,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[25,30896,30897,30917,30952,30956,30970],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30898,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30900,4836],{"class":34},[28,30902,39],{"class":38},[28,30904,10270],{"class":93},[28,30906,234],{"class":42},[28,30908,18204],{"class":46},[28,30910,234],{"class":42},[28,30912,271],{"class":93},[28,30914,19686],{"class":97},[28,30916,9087],{"class":93},[28,30918,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30944,30946,30948,30950],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,30920,8994],{"class":34},[28,30922,39],{"class":38},[28,30924,8999],{"class":93},[28,30926,234],{"class":42},[28,30928,18213],{"class":46},[28,30930,234],{"class":42},[28,30932,2759],{"class":93},[28,30934,13292],{"class":97},[28,30936,9012],{"class":93},[28,30938,9015],{"class":93},[28,30940,234],{"class":42},[28,30942,30943],{"class":46},"english",[28,30945,234],{"class":42},[28,30947,2759],{"class":93},[28,30949,28710],{"class":97},[28,30951,9028],{"class":93},[28,30953,30954],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,30955,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,30959,16174],{"class":34},[28,30961,385],{"class":93},[28,30963,30254],{"class":120},[28,30965,94],{"class":93},[28,30967,9041],{"class":120},[28,30969,101],{"class":93},[28,30971,30972,30974,30976,30978],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,30973,115],{"class":114},[28,30975,94],{"class":93},[28,30977,16174],{"class":120},[28,30979,101],{"class":93},[14,30981,336],{},[18,30983,30985],{"className":20,"code":30984,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[25,30986,30987],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,30988,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,30990,9057],{"class":93},[28,30992,358],{"class":42},[28,30994,18204],{"class":46},[28,30996,358],{"class":42},[28,30998,271],{"class":93},[28,31000,19686],{"class":97},[28,31002,2759],{"class":93},[28,31004,61],{"class":42},[28,31006,18213],{"class":46},[28,31008,358],{"class":42},[28,31010,271],{"class":93},[28,31012,13292],{"class":97},[28,31014,2759],{"class":93},[28,31016,61],{"class":42},[28,31018,30943],{"class":46},[28,31020,358],{"class":42},[28,31022,271],{"class":93},[28,31024,28710],{"class":97},[28,31026,9087],{"class":93},[14,31028,31029],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[177,31031,31032,31035],{},[180,31033,31034],{},"The key",[180,31036,31037],{},"The value",[14,31039,31040],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31042,31043],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[18,31045,31047],{"className":20,"code":31046,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[25,31048,31049,31069,31094,31098],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31050,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31052,8944],{"class":34},[28,31054,39],{"class":38},[28,31056,10270],{"class":93},[28,31058,234],{"class":42},[28,31060,381],{"class":46},[28,31062,234],{"class":42},[28,31064,271],{"class":93},[28,31066,5273],{"class":97},[28,31068,9087],{"class":93},[28,31070,31071,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31072,31073],{"class":34},"bad_pairs ",[28,31075,39],{"class":38},[28,31077,8999],{"class":93},[28,31079,234],{"class":42},[28,31081,4533],{"class":46},[28,31083,234],{"class":42},[28,31085,2759],{"class":93},[28,31087,2762],{"class":97},[28,31089,2759],{"class":93},[28,31091,2221],{"class":97},[28,31093,9028],{"class":93},[28,31095,31096],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31097,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,31099,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31111],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,31101,8983],{"class":34},[28,31103,385],{"class":93},[28,31105,30254],{"class":120},[28,31107,94],{"class":93},[28,31109,31110],{"class":120},"bad_pairs",[28,31112,101],{"class":93},[14,31114,31115],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31117,31118],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[172,31120,31122],{"id":31121},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31124,31125],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[18,31127,31129],{"className":20,"code":31128,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[25,31130,31131,31155,31187],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31132,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31134,11269],{"class":34},[28,31136,39],{"class":38},[28,31138,10270],{"class":93},[28,31140,234],{"class":42},[28,31142,121],{"class":46},[28,31144,234],{"class":42},[28,31146,271],{"class":93},[28,31148,43],{"class":42},[28,31150,28703],{"class":46},[28,31152,234],{"class":42},[28,31154,9087],{"class":93},[28,31156,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31176,31178,31180,31183,31185],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31158,11363],{"class":34},[28,31160,385],{"class":93},[28,31162,30254],{"class":120},[28,31164,94],{"class":93},[28,31166,835],{"class":8954},[28,31168,39],{"class":38},[28,31170,8972],{"class":97},[28,31172,2759],{"class":93},[28,31174,31175],{"class":8954}," city",[28,31177,39],{"class":38},[28,31179,234],{"class":42},[28,31181,31182],{"class":46},"Madrid",[28,31184,234],{"class":42},[28,31186,101],{"class":93},[28,31188,31189,31191,31193,31195],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31190,115],{"class":114},[28,31192,94],{"class":93},[28,31194,11363],{"class":120},[28,31196,101],{"class":93},[14,31198,336],{},[18,31200,31202],{"className":20,"code":31201,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[25,31203,31204],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31205,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31207,9057],{"class":93},[28,31209,358],{"class":42},[28,31211,121],{"class":46},[28,31213,358],{"class":42},[28,31215,271],{"class":93},[28,31217,61],{"class":42},[28,31219,28703],{"class":46},[28,31221,358],{"class":42},[28,31223,2759],{"class":93},[28,31225,61],{"class":42},[28,31227,835],{"class":46},[28,31229,358],{"class":42},[28,31231,271],{"class":93},[28,31233,9084],{"class":97},[28,31235,2759],{"class":93},[28,31237,61],{"class":42},[28,31239,10188],{"class":46},[28,31241,358],{"class":42},[28,31243,271],{"class":93},[28,31245,61],{"class":42},[28,31247,31182],{"class":46},[28,31249,358],{"class":42},[28,31251,9087],{"class":93},[14,31253,31254],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31256,31257],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31259,31260],{},"These work:",[177,31262,31263,31267,31271],{},[180,31264,31265],{},[25,31266,835],{},[180,31268,31269],{},[25,31270,10188],{},[180,31272,31273],{},[25,31274,31275],{},"first_name",[14,31277,31278],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[177,31280,31281,31286],{},[180,31282,31283],{},[25,31284,31285],{},"\"first name\"",[180,31287,31288],{},[25,31289,31290],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31292,31293],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[18,31295,31297],{"className":20,"code":31296,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[25,31298,31299,31307,31347],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31300,31301,31303,31305],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31302,11269],{"class":34},[28,31304,39],{"class":38},[28,31306,9617],{"class":93},[28,31308,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31338,31340,31342,31345],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31310,11363],{"class":34},[28,31312,385],{"class":93},[28,31314,30254],{"class":120},[28,31316,5305],{"class":93},[28,31318,234],{"class":42},[28,31320,10292],{"class":46},[28,31322,234],{"class":42},[28,31324,271],{"class":93},[28,31326,43],{"class":42},[28,31328,28703],{"class":46},[28,31330,234],{"class":42},[28,31332,2759],{"class":93},[28,31334,43],{"class":42},[28,31336,31337],{"class":46},"user-id",[28,31339,234],{"class":42},[28,31341,271],{"class":93},[28,31343,31344],{"class":97}," 1001",[28,31346,30286],{"class":93},[28,31348,31349,31351,31353,31355],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31350,115],{"class":114},[28,31352,94],{"class":93},[28,31354,11363],{"class":120},[28,31356,101],{"class":93},[172,31358,17205],{"id":17204},[14,31360,31361,2166,31363,385],{},[25,31362,14740],{},[25,31364,3546],{},[14,31366,13834],{},[14,31368,24496],{},[18,31370,31372],{"className":20,"code":31371,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[25,31373,31374,31398,31424,31428,31438],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31375,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31377,12989],{"class":34},[28,31379,39],{"class":38},[28,31381,10270],{"class":93},[28,31383,234],{"class":42},[28,31385,121],{"class":46},[28,31387,234],{"class":42},[28,31389,271],{"class":93},[28,31391,43],{"class":42},[28,31393,12664],{"class":46},[28,31395,234],{"class":42},[28,31397,9087],{"class":93},[28,31399,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31401,1999],{"class":34},[28,31403,39],{"class":38},[28,31405,13032],{"class":34},[28,31407,385],{"class":93},[28,31409,30254],{"class":120},[28,31411,5305],{"class":93},[28,31413,234],{"class":42},[28,31415,835],{"class":46},[28,31417,234],{"class":42},[28,31419,271],{"class":93},[28,31421,7566],{"class":97},[28,31423,30286],{"class":93},[28,31425,31426],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31427,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,31429,31430,31432,31434,31436],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,31431,115],{"class":114},[28,31433,94],{"class":93},[28,31435,2033],{"class":120},[28,31437,101],{"class":93},[28,31439,31440,31442,31444,31446],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,31441,115],{"class":114},[28,31443,94],{"class":93},[28,31445,17093],{"class":120},[28,31447,101],{"class":93},[14,31449,336],{},[18,31451,31453],{"className":20,"code":31452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[25,31454,31455,31459],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31456,31457],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31458,11590],{"class":776},[28,31460,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31462,9057],{"class":93},[28,31464,358],{"class":42},[28,31466,121],{"class":46},[28,31468,358],{"class":42},[28,31470,271],{"class":93},[28,31472,61],{"class":42},[28,31474,12664],{"class":46},[28,31476,358],{"class":42},[28,31478,2759],{"class":93},[28,31480,61],{"class":42},[28,31482,835],{"class":46},[28,31484,358],{"class":42},[28,31486,271],{"class":93},[28,31488,7566],{"class":97},[28,31490,9087],{"class":93},[14,31492,16441],{},[18,31494,31496],{"className":20,"code":31495,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[25,31497,31498,31522,31544,31548],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31499,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31501,12989],{"class":34},[28,31503,39],{"class":38},[28,31505,10270],{"class":93},[28,31507,234],{"class":42},[28,31509,121],{"class":46},[28,31511,234],{"class":42},[28,31513,271],{"class":93},[28,31515,43],{"class":42},[28,31517,12664],{"class":46},[28,31519,234],{"class":42},[28,31521,9087],{"class":93},[28,31523,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31525,17093],{"class":34},[28,31527,385],{"class":93},[28,31529,30254],{"class":120},[28,31531,5305],{"class":93},[28,31533,234],{"class":42},[28,31535,835],{"class":46},[28,31537,234],{"class":42},[28,31539,271],{"class":93},[28,31541,7566],{"class":97},[28,31543,30286],{"class":93},[28,31545,31546],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31547,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,31549,31550,31552,31554,31556],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,31551,115],{"class":114},[28,31553,94],{"class":93},[28,31555,17093],{"class":120},[28,31557,101],{"class":93},[14,31559,336],{},[18,31561,31563],{"className":20,"code":31562,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[25,31564,31565],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31566,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31568,9057],{"class":93},[28,31570,358],{"class":42},[28,31572,121],{"class":46},[28,31574,358],{"class":42},[28,31576,271],{"class":93},[28,31578,61],{"class":42},[28,31580,12664],{"class":46},[28,31582,358],{"class":42},[28,31584,2759],{"class":93},[28,31586,61],{"class":42},[28,31588,835],{"class":46},[28,31590,358],{"class":42},[28,31592,271],{"class":93},[28,31594,7566],{"class":97},[28,31596,9087],{"class":93},[14,31598,31599,31600,385],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[381,31601,17691],{"href":10511},[172,31603,4734,31605],{"id":31604},"when-to-use-update",[25,31606,14740],{},[14,31608,1631,31609,10381],{},[25,31610,14740],{},[177,31612,31613,31616,31619,31622],{},[180,31614,31615],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[180,31617,31618],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[180,31620,31621],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[180,31623,31624],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31626,31627],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[18,31629,31631],{"className":20,"code":31630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[25,31632,31633,31669,31684,31688,31727,31731,31741],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31634,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31636,11868],{"class":34},[28,31638,39],{"class":38},[28,31640,10270],{"class":93},[28,31642,234],{"class":42},[28,31644,121],{"class":46},[28,31646,234],{"class":42},[28,31648,271],{"class":93},[28,31650,43],{"class":42},[28,31652,12664],{"class":46},[28,31654,234],{"class":42},[28,31656,2759],{"class":93},[28,31658,43],{"class":42},[28,31660,835],{"class":46},[28,31662,234],{"class":42},[28,31664,271],{"class":93},[28,31666,7566],{"class":97},[28,31668,9087],{"class":93},[28,31670,31671,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31672,31673],{"class":34},"updated ",[28,31675,39],{"class":38},[28,31677,11943],{"class":34},[28,31679,385],{"class":93},[28,31681,12695],{"class":120},[28,31683,8420],{"class":93},[28,31685,31686],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31687,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,31689,31690,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,31691,31692],{"class":34},"updated",[28,31694,385],{"class":93},[28,31696,30254],{"class":120},[28,31698,5305],{"class":93},[28,31700,234],{"class":42},[28,31702,835],{"class":46},[28,31704,234],{"class":42},[28,31706,271],{"class":93},[28,31708,30267],{"class":97},[28,31710,2759],{"class":93},[28,31712,43],{"class":42},[28,31714,10188],{"class":46},[28,31716,234],{"class":42},[28,31718,271],{"class":93},[28,31720,43],{"class":42},[28,31722,15816],{"class":46},[28,31724,234],{"class":42},[28,31726,30286],{"class":93},[28,31728,31729],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,31730,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,31732,31733,31735,31737,31739],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,31734,115],{"class":114},[28,31736,94],{"class":93},[28,31738,11915],{"class":120},[28,31740,101],{"class":93},[28,31742,31743,31745,31747,31749],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,31744,115],{"class":114},[28,31746,94],{"class":93},[28,31748,31692],{"class":120},[28,31750,101],{"class":93},[14,31752,336],{},[18,31754,31756],{"className":20,"code":31755,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[25,31757,31758,31790],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31759,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31761,9057],{"class":93},[28,31763,358],{"class":42},[28,31765,121],{"class":46},[28,31767,358],{"class":42},[28,31769,271],{"class":93},[28,31771,61],{"class":42},[28,31773,12664],{"class":46},[28,31775,358],{"class":42},[28,31777,2759],{"class":93},[28,31779,61],{"class":42},[28,31781,835],{"class":46},[28,31783,358],{"class":42},[28,31785,271],{"class":93},[28,31787,7566],{"class":97},[28,31789,9087],{"class":93},[28,31791,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31793,9057],{"class":93},[28,31795,358],{"class":42},[28,31797,121],{"class":46},[28,31799,358],{"class":42},[28,31801,271],{"class":93},[28,31803,61],{"class":42},[28,31805,12664],{"class":46},[28,31807,358],{"class":42},[28,31809,2759],{"class":93},[28,31811,61],{"class":42},[28,31813,835],{"class":46},[28,31815,358],{"class":42},[28,31817,271],{"class":93},[28,31819,30267],{"class":97},[28,31821,2759],{"class":93},[28,31823,61],{"class":42},[28,31825,10188],{"class":46},[28,31827,358],{"class":42},[28,31829,271],{"class":93},[28,31831,61],{"class":42},[28,31833,15816],{"class":46},[28,31835,358],{"class":42},[28,31837,9087],{"class":93},[14,31839,31840,31841,385],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[381,31842,16383],{"href":16382},[172,31844,1104],{"id":1103},[14,31846,10527,31847,271],{},[25,31848,14740],{},[177,31850,31851,31858,31862,31865,31868],{},[180,31852,12377,31853,31855,31856],{},[25,31854,14740],{}," to a variable and getting ",[25,31857,3546],{},[180,31859,8230,31860,12385],{},[25,31861,14740],{},[180,31863,31864],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[180,31866,31867],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[180,31869,31870],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31872,31873],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[18,31875,31877],{"className":20,"code":31876,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[25,31878,31879,31889,31903,31917,31939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,31880,31881,31883,31885,31887],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,31882,115],{"class":114},[28,31884,94],{"class":93},[28,31886,11230],{"class":120},[28,31888,101],{"class":93},[28,31890,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,31892,115],{"class":114},[28,31894,94],{"class":93},[28,31896,311],{"class":89},[28,31898,94],{"class":93},[28,31900,8983],{"class":120},[28,31902,318],{"class":93},[28,31904,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,31906,115],{"class":114},[28,31908,94],{"class":93},[28,31910,7869],{"class":89},[28,31912,94],{"class":93},[28,31914,8983],{"class":120},[28,31916,318],{"class":93},[28,31918,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,31920,115],{"class":114},[28,31922,94],{"class":93},[28,31924,11230],{"class":120},[28,31926,385],{"class":93},[28,31928,19538],{"class":120},[28,31930,94],{"class":93},[28,31932,358],{"class":42},[28,31934,14627],{"class":46},[28,31936,358],{"class":42},[28,31938,318],{"class":93},[28,31940,31941,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,31942,31943],{"class":114},"help",[28,31945,94],{"class":93},[28,31947,8599],{"class":89},[28,31949,385],{"class":93},[28,31951,30254],{"class":24538},[28,31953,101],{"class":93},[14,31955,31956],{},"These can help you check:",[177,31958,31959,31962,31967,31970,31973],{},[180,31960,31961],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[180,31963,31964,31965],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[25,31966,14740],{},[180,31968,31969],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[180,31971,31972],{},"Whether a key exists",[180,31974,31975],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,31977,31978,31979,385],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[381,31980,11042],{"href":10853},[172,31982,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,31984,12487,31986,31988],{"id":31985},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[25,31987,14740],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,31990,31991,31992,385],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[25,31993,3546],{},[1109,31995,12487,31997,31999],{"id":31996},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[25,31998,14740],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32001,32002],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1109,32004,4943,32006,32008],{"id":32005},"can-update-add-new-keys",[25,32007,14740],{}," add new keys?",[14,32010,32011],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1109,32013,28118,32015,32017],{"id":32014},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[25,32016,14740],{}," with a list?",[14,32019,32020,32021,385],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[25,32022,10874],{},[1109,32024,4953,32026,32028],{"id":32025},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[25,32027,14740],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32030,32031,32032,32034],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[25,32033,14740],{}," can change many keys at once.",[172,32036,1662],{"id":1661},[177,32038,32039,32043,32047,32052,32056],{},[180,32040,32041],{},[381,32042,25884],{"href":9169},[180,32044,32045],{},[381,32046,11031],{"href":10511},[180,32048,32049],{},[381,32050,32051],{"href":30876},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[180,32053,32054],{},[381,32055,21245],{"href":16382},[180,32057,32058],{},[381,32059,11042],{"href":10853},[1699,32061,32062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":32064},[32065,32066,32068,32069,32071,32073,32074,32075,32077,32078,32090],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":30309,"depth":53,"text":32067},"What update() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":30669,"depth":53,"text":32070},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30880,"depth":53,"text":32072},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31121,"depth":53,"text":31122},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":31604,"depth":53,"text":32076},"When to use update()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":32079},[32080,32082,32084,32086,32088],{"id":31985,"depth":70,"text":32081},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31996,"depth":70,"text":32083},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32005,"depth":70,"text":32085},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32014,"depth":70,"text":32087},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32025,"depth":70,"text":32089},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30187,"description":32091},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32097,"title":32098,"body":32099,"description":34088,"extension":1730,"meta":34089,"navigation":107,"path":22682,"seo":34090,"stem":34091,"__hash__":34092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32100,"toc":34051},[32101,32106,32113,32116,32118,32217,32219,32274,32279,32284,32298,32303,32305,32320,32322,32336,32349,32354,32360,32367,32369,32476,32478,32527,32533,32608,32610,32631,32633,32636,32741,32743,32798,32800,32828,32832,32837,32916,32918,32938,32940,32951,32961,32965,32970,33074,33076,33101,33104,33115,33120,33129,33132,33149,33151,33238,33240,33303,33305,33328,33330,33335,33341,33346,33348,33387,33393,33396,33415,33426,33432,33435,33508,33510,33529,33534,33537,33560,33566,33569,33633,33636,33713,33720,33723,33782,33788,33790,33809,33813,33816,33867,33870,33890,33892,33953,33955,33960,33965,33970,33975,33980,33985,33991,33994,34003,34011,34013,34048],[10,32102,11098,32104,11102],{"id":32103},"python-dictionary-values-method",[25,32105,16857],{},[14,32107,32108,32109,32112],{},"The Python ",[25,32110,32111],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32114,32115],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[172,32117,1771],{"id":1770},[18,32119,32121],{"className":20,"code":32120,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[25,32122,32123,32175,32189,32193,32203],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32124,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32126,12647],{"class":34},[28,32128,39],{"class":38},[28,32130,10270],{"class":93},[28,32132,234],{"class":42},[28,32134,121],{"class":46},[28,32136,234],{"class":42},[28,32138,271],{"class":93},[28,32140,43],{"class":42},[28,32142,12664],{"class":46},[28,32144,234],{"class":42},[28,32146,2759],{"class":93},[28,32148,43],{"class":42},[28,32150,835],{"class":46},[28,32152,234],{"class":42},[28,32154,271],{"class":93},[28,32156,7566],{"class":97},[28,32158,2759],{"class":93},[28,32160,43],{"class":42},[28,32162,10188],{"class":46},[28,32164,234],{"class":42},[28,32166,271],{"class":93},[28,32168,43],{"class":42},[28,32170,15816],{"class":46},[28,32172,234],{"class":42},[28,32174,9087],{"class":93},[28,32176,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32178,3591],{"class":34},[28,32180,39],{"class":38},[28,32182,12690],{"class":34},[28,32184,385],{"class":93},[28,32186,5133],{"class":120},[28,32188,8420],{"class":93},[28,32190,32191],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,32192,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32194,32195,32197,32199,32201],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,32196,115],{"class":114},[28,32198,94],{"class":93},[28,32200,5133],{"class":120},[28,32202,101],{"class":93},[28,32204,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,32206,115],{"class":114},[28,32208,94],{"class":93},[28,32210,7869],{"class":89},[28,32212,94],{"class":93},[28,32214,5133],{"class":120},[28,32216,318],{"class":93},[14,32218,336],{},[18,32220,32222],{"className":20,"code":32221,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[25,32223,32224,32250],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32225,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32227,16823],{"class":120},[28,32229,2753],{"class":93},[28,32231,358],{"class":42},[28,32233,12664],{"class":46},[28,32235,358],{"class":42},[28,32237,2759],{"class":93},[28,32239,7566],{"class":97},[28,32241,2759],{"class":93},[28,32243,61],{"class":42},[28,32245,15816],{"class":46},[28,32247,358],{"class":42},[28,32249,3657],{"class":93},[28,32251,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32253,3669],{"class":93},[28,32255,358],{"class":42},[28,32257,12664],{"class":46},[28,32259,358],{"class":42},[28,32261,2759],{"class":93},[28,32263,7566],{"class":97},[28,32265,2759],{"class":93},[28,32267,61],{"class":42},[28,32269,15816],{"class":46},[28,32271,358],{"class":42},[28,32273,3401],{"class":93},[14,32275,32276,32278],{},[25,32277,16857],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[172,32280,3445,32282,3448],{"id":32281},"what-values-does",[25,32283,16857],{},[177,32285,32286,32289,32292,32295],{},[180,32287,32288],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[180,32290,32291],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[180,32293,32294],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[180,32296,32297],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32299,32300,32301,385],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[381,32302,9170],{"href":9169},[172,32304,1927],{"id":1926},[18,32306,32308],{"className":20,"code":32307,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_dict.values()\n",[25,32309,32310],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32311,32312,32314,32316,32318],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32313,11230],{"class":34},[28,32315,385],{"class":93},[28,32317,5133],{"class":120},[28,32319,8420],{"class":93},[14,32321,12836],{},[177,32323,32324,32328,32331],{},[180,32325,32326,11246],{},[25,32327,16857],{},[180,32329,32330],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[180,32332,32333,32334],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[25,32335,16857],{},[14,32337,32338,32339,1323,32344,385],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[381,32340,32341,32343],{"href":16848},[25,32342,16851],{}," for dictionary keys",[381,32345,32346,32348],{"href":16861},[25,32347,16864],{}," for key-value pairs",[172,32350,3445,32352,11487],{"id":32351},"what-values-returns",[25,32353,16857],{},[14,32355,32356,21762,32358,24552],{},[25,32357,16857],{},[25,32359,16823],{},[14,32361,32362,32363,32366],{},"This object is a ",[163,32364,32365],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32368,924],{},[18,32370,32372],{"className":20,"code":32371,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[25,32373,32374,32410,32414,32429,32440,32444,32466],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32375,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32377,12989],{"class":34},[28,32379,39],{"class":38},[28,32381,10270],{"class":93},[28,32383,234],{"class":42},[28,32385,121],{"class":46},[28,32387,234],{"class":42},[28,32389,271],{"class":93},[28,32391,43],{"class":42},[28,32393,7696],{"class":46},[28,32395,234],{"class":42},[28,32397,2759],{"class":93},[28,32399,43],{"class":42},[28,32401,835],{"class":46},[28,32403,234],{"class":42},[28,32405,271],{"class":93},[28,32407,9084],{"class":97},[28,32409,9087],{"class":93},[28,32411,32412],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32413,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32415,32416,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,32417,32418],{"class":34},"values_view ",[28,32420,39],{"class":38},[28,32422,13032],{"class":34},[28,32424,385],{"class":93},[28,32426,5133],{"class":120},[28,32428,8420],{"class":93},[28,32430,32431,32433,32435,32438],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,32432,115],{"class":114},[28,32434,94],{"class":93},[28,32436,32437],{"class":120},"values_view",[28,32439,101],{"class":93},[28,32441,32442],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,32443,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32445,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,32447,17093],{"class":34},[28,32449,3669],{"class":93},[28,32451,234],{"class":42},[28,32453,10188],{"class":46},[28,32455,234],{"class":42},[28,32457,13058],{"class":93},[28,32459,13061],{"class":38},[28,32461,43],{"class":42},[28,32463,30433],{"class":46},[28,32465,50],{"class":42},[28,32467,32468,32470,32472,32474],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,32469,115],{"class":114},[28,32471,94],{"class":93},[28,32473,32437],{"class":120},[28,32475,101],{"class":93},[14,32477,336],{},[18,32479,32481],{"className":20,"code":32480,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[25,32482,32483,32501],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32484,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32486,16823],{"class":120},[28,32488,2753],{"class":93},[28,32490,358],{"class":42},[28,32492,7696],{"class":46},[28,32494,358],{"class":42},[28,32496,2759],{"class":93},[28,32498,9084],{"class":97},[28,32500,3657],{"class":93},[28,32502,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32504,16823],{"class":120},[28,32506,2753],{"class":93},[28,32508,358],{"class":42},[28,32510,7696],{"class":46},[28,32512,358],{"class":42},[28,32514,2759],{"class":93},[28,32516,9084],{"class":97},[28,32518,2759],{"class":93},[28,32520,61],{"class":42},[28,32522,30433],{"class":46},[28,32524,358],{"class":42},[28,32526,3657],{"class":93},[14,32528,32529,32530,385],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[25,32531,32532],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[18,32534,32536],{"className":20,"code":32535,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[25,32537,32538,32574,32593,32597],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32539,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32541,12989],{"class":34},[28,32543,39],{"class":38},[28,32545,10270],{"class":93},[28,32547,234],{"class":42},[28,32549,121],{"class":46},[28,32551,234],{"class":42},[28,32553,271],{"class":93},[28,32555,43],{"class":42},[28,32557,7696],{"class":46},[28,32559,234],{"class":42},[28,32561,2759],{"class":93},[28,32563,43],{"class":42},[28,32565,835],{"class":46},[28,32567,234],{"class":42},[28,32569,271],{"class":93},[28,32571,9084],{"class":97},[28,32573,9087],{"class":93},[28,32575,32576,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32577,32578],{"class":34},"values_list ",[28,32580,39],{"class":38},[28,32582,22347],{"class":89},[28,32584,94],{"class":93},[28,32586,17093],{"class":120},[28,32588,385],{"class":93},[28,32590,5133],{"class":120},[28,32592,6970],{"class":93},[28,32594,32595],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,32596,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32598,32599,32601,32603,32606],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,32600,115],{"class":114},[28,32602,94],{"class":93},[28,32604,32605],{"class":120},"values_list",[28,32607,101],{"class":93},[14,32609,336],{},[18,32611,32613],{"className":20,"code":32612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Mia', 25]\n",[25,32614,32615],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32616,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32618,3669],{"class":93},[28,32620,358],{"class":42},[28,32622,7696],{"class":46},[28,32624,358],{"class":42},[28,32626,2759],{"class":93},[28,32628,9084],{"class":97},[28,32630,3401],{"class":93},[172,32632,11256],{"id":11255},[14,32634,32635],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[18,32637,32639],{"className":20,"code":32638,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,32640,32641,32695,32699,32713,32717,32727],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32642,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32676,32678,32680,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32644,24584],{"class":34},[28,32646,39],{"class":38},[28,32648,10270],{"class":93},[28,32650,234],{"class":42},[28,32652,24593],{"class":46},[28,32654,234],{"class":42},[28,32656,271],{"class":93},[28,32658,43],{"class":42},[28,32660,24602],{"class":46},[28,32662,234],{"class":42},[28,32664,2759],{"class":93},[28,32666,43],{"class":42},[28,32668,24611],{"class":46},[28,32670,234],{"class":42},[28,32672,271],{"class":93},[28,32674,32675],{"class":97}," 2022",[28,32677,2759],{"class":93},[28,32679,43],{"class":42},[28,32681,32682],{"class":46},"color",[28,32684,234],{"class":42},[28,32686,271],{"class":93},[28,32688,43],{"class":42},[28,32690,12894],{"class":46},[28,32692,234],{"class":42},[28,32694,9087],{"class":93},[28,32696,32697],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32698,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32700,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,32702,1999],{"class":34},[28,32704,39],{"class":38},[28,32706,24633],{"class":34},[28,32708,385],{"class":93},[28,32710,5133],{"class":120},[28,32712,8420],{"class":93},[28,32714,32715],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,32716,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32718,32719,32721,32723,32725],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,32720,115],{"class":114},[28,32722,94],{"class":93},[28,32724,2033],{"class":120},[28,32726,101],{"class":93},[28,32728,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,32730,115],{"class":114},[28,32732,94],{"class":93},[28,32734,7869],{"class":89},[28,32736,94],{"class":93},[28,32738,2033],{"class":120},[28,32740,318],{"class":93},[14,32742,336],{},[18,32744,32746],{"className":20,"code":32745,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[25,32747,32748,32774],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32749,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32751,16823],{"class":120},[28,32753,2753],{"class":93},[28,32755,358],{"class":42},[28,32757,24602],{"class":46},[28,32759,358],{"class":42},[28,32761,2759],{"class":93},[28,32763,32675],{"class":97},[28,32765,2759],{"class":93},[28,32767,61],{"class":42},[28,32769,12894],{"class":46},[28,32771,358],{"class":42},[28,32773,3657],{"class":93},[28,32775,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32777,3669],{"class":93},[28,32779,358],{"class":42},[28,32781,24602],{"class":46},[28,32783,358],{"class":42},[28,32785,2759],{"class":93},[28,32787,32675],{"class":97},[28,32789,2759],{"class":93},[28,32791,61],{"class":42},[28,32793,12894],{"class":46},[28,32795,358],{"class":42},[28,32797,3401],{"class":93},[14,32799,11465],{},[177,32801,32802,32808,32814,32822],{},[180,32803,32804,32807],{},[25,32805,32806],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[180,32809,32810,32813],{},[25,32811,32812],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[180,32815,32816,32819,32820,24405],{},[25,32817,32818],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[25,32821,16823],{},[180,32823,32824,32827],{},[25,32825,32826],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[172,32829,32831],{"id":32830},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32833,32834,32835,25853],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[25,32836,5734],{},[18,32838,32840],{"className":20,"code":32839,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[25,32841,32842,32886,32890,32906],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32843,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32845,4836],{"class":34},[28,32847,39],{"class":38},[28,32849,10270],{"class":93},[28,32851,234],{"class":42},[28,32853,18204],{"class":46},[28,32855,234],{"class":42},[28,32857,271],{"class":93},[28,32859,19686],{"class":97},[28,32861,2759],{"class":93},[28,32863,43],{"class":42},[28,32865,30943],{"class":46},[28,32867,234],{"class":42},[28,32869,271],{"class":93},[28,32871,13292],{"class":97},[28,32873,2759],{"class":93},[28,32875,43],{"class":42},[28,32877,18213],{"class":46},[28,32879,234],{"class":42},[28,32881,271],{"class":93},[28,32883,28710],{"class":97},[28,32885,9087],{"class":93},[28,32887,32888],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32889,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,32891,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,32893,5734],{"class":3644},[28,32895,21372],{"class":34},[28,32897,3651],{"class":3644},[28,32899,4883],{"class":34},[28,32901,385],{"class":93},[28,32903,5133],{"class":120},[28,32905,21383],{"class":93},[28,32907,32908,32910,32912,32914],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,32909,7844],{"class":114},[28,32911,94],{"class":93},[28,32913,2242],{"class":120},[28,32915,101],{"class":93},[14,32917,336],{},[18,32919,32921],{"className":20,"code":32920,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"90\n85\n88\n",[25,32922,32923,32928,32933],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32924,32925],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32926,32927],{"class":97},"90\n",[28,32929,32930],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,32931,32932],{"class":97},"85\n",[28,32934,32935],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,32936,32937],{"class":97},"88\n",[14,32939,17497],{},[177,32941,32942,32945,32948],{},[180,32943,32944],{},"You only need the values",[180,32946,32947],{},"You do not care about the keys",[180,32949,32950],{},"You want simpler code",[14,32952,32953,32954,474,32958,385],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[381,32955,10517,32956,1689],{"href":16861},[25,32957,16864],{},[381,32959,22262],{"href":32960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[172,32962,32964],{"id":32963},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,32966,1631,32967,32969],{},[25,32968,32532],{}," when you need a list.",[18,32971,32973],{"className":20,"code":32972,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[25,32974,32975,33021,33025,33045,33049,33060],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,32976,32977,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33013,33015,33017,33019],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,32978,32979],{"class":34},"fruit_prices ",[28,32981,39],{"class":38},[28,32983,10270],{"class":93},[28,32985,234],{"class":42},[28,32987,3849],{"class":46},[28,32989,234],{"class":42},[28,32991,271],{"class":93},[28,32993,2762],{"class":97},[28,32995,2759],{"class":93},[28,32997,43],{"class":42},[28,32999,3858],{"class":46},[28,33001,234],{"class":42},[28,33003,271],{"class":93},[28,33005,5273],{"class":97},[28,33007,2759],{"class":93},[28,33009,43],{"class":42},[28,33011,33012],{"class":46},"orange",[28,33014,234],{"class":42},[28,33016,271],{"class":93},[28,33018,2221],{"class":97},[28,33020,9087],{"class":93},[28,33022,33023],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33024,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33026,33027,33030,33032,33034,33036,33039,33041,33043],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33028,33029],{"class":34},"price_list ",[28,33031,39],{"class":38},[28,33033,22347],{"class":89},[28,33035,94],{"class":93},[28,33037,33038],{"class":120},"fruit_prices",[28,33040,385],{"class":93},[28,33042,5133],{"class":120},[28,33044,6970],{"class":93},[28,33046,33047],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,33048,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33050,33051,33053,33055,33058],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,33052,115],{"class":114},[28,33054,94],{"class":93},[28,33056,33057],{"class":120},"price_list",[28,33059,101],{"class":93},[28,33061,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,33063,115],{"class":114},[28,33065,94],{"class":93},[28,33067,33057],{"class":120},[28,33069,3669],{"class":93},[28,33071,1888],{"class":97},[28,33073,3657],{"class":93},[14,33075,336],{},[18,33077,33079],{"className":20,"code":33078,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[25,33080,33081,33097],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33082,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33084,3669],{"class":93},[28,33086,1825],{"class":97},[28,33088,2759],{"class":93},[28,33090,5273],{"class":97},[28,33092,2759],{"class":93},[28,33094,2221],{"class":97},[28,33096,3401],{"class":93},[28,33098,33099],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33100,16842],{"class":97},[14,33102,33103],{},"This is helpful for:",[177,33105,33106,33109,33112],{},[180,33107,33108],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[180,33110,33111],{},"Accessing values by index",[180,33113,33114],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33116,3694,33117,33119],{},[25,33118,16823],{}," is not the same as a list.",[172,33121,33123,10365,33125,10365,33127],{"id":33122},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[25,33124,16857],{},[25,33126,16851],{},[25,33128,16864],{},[14,33130,33131],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[177,33133,33134,33139,33144],{},[180,33135,33136,33138],{},[25,33137,16857],{}," returns only the values",[180,33140,33141,33143],{},[25,33142,16851],{}," returns only the keys",[180,33145,33146,33148],{},[25,33147,16864],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33150,1894],{},[18,33152,33154],{"className":20,"code":33153,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[25,33155,33156,33192,33196,33210,33224],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33157,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33159,12647],{"class":34},[28,33161,39],{"class":38},[28,33163,10270],{"class":93},[28,33165,234],{"class":42},[28,33167,121],{"class":46},[28,33169,234],{"class":42},[28,33171,271],{"class":93},[28,33173,43],{"class":42},[28,33175,12664],{"class":46},[28,33177,234],{"class":42},[28,33179,2759],{"class":93},[28,33181,43],{"class":42},[28,33183,835],{"class":46},[28,33185,234],{"class":42},[28,33187,271],{"class":93},[28,33189,7566],{"class":97},[28,33191,9087],{"class":93},[28,33193,33194],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33195,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33197,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33199,115],{"class":114},[28,33201,94],{"class":93},[28,33203,13411],{"class":120},[28,33205,385],{"class":93},[28,33207,16709],{"class":120},[28,33209,6970],{"class":93},[28,33211,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,33213,115],{"class":114},[28,33215,94],{"class":93},[28,33217,13411],{"class":120},[28,33219,385],{"class":93},[28,33221,5133],{"class":120},[28,33223,6970],{"class":93},[28,33225,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,33227,115],{"class":114},[28,33229,94],{"class":93},[28,33231,13411],{"class":120},[28,33233,385],{"class":93},[28,33235,7586],{"class":120},[28,33237,6970],{"class":93},[14,33239,336],{},[18,33241,33243],{"className":20,"code":33242,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[25,33244,33245,33267,33285],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33246,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33248,16800],{"class":120},[28,33250,2753],{"class":93},[28,33252,358],{"class":42},[28,33254,121],{"class":46},[28,33256,358],{"class":42},[28,33258,2759],{"class":93},[28,33260,61],{"class":42},[28,33262,835],{"class":46},[28,33264,358],{"class":42},[28,33266,3657],{"class":93},[28,33268,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33270,16823],{"class":120},[28,33272,2753],{"class":93},[28,33274,358],{"class":42},[28,33276,12664],{"class":46},[28,33278,358],{"class":42},[28,33280,2759],{"class":93},[28,33282,7566],{"class":97},[28,33284,3657],{"class":93},[28,33286,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33288,21695],{"class":120},[28,33290,9436],{"class":93},[28,33292,358],{"class":42},[28,33294,121],{"class":46},[28,33296,358],{"class":42},[28,33298,2759],{"class":93},[28,33300,7566],{"class":97},[28,33302,10459],{"class":93},[14,33304,18482],{},[177,33306,33307,33314,33321],{},[180,33308,33309,33313],{},[381,33310,33311],{"href":16848},[25,33312,16851],{}," when you need just the keys",[180,33315,33316,33320],{},[381,33317,33318],{"href":16854},[25,33319,16857],{}," when you need just the values",[180,33322,33323,33327],{},[381,33324,33325],{"href":16861},[25,33326,16864],{}," when you need both",[172,33329,4290],{"id":4289},[14,33331,33332,33333,385],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[25,33334,16857],{},[1109,33336,29440,33338,33340],{"id":33337},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[25,33339,16857],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33342,33343,33345],{},[25,33344,16857],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33347,16429],{},[18,33349,33351],{"className":20,"code":33350,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[25,33352,33353,33373],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33354,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33356,8084],{"class":34},[28,33358,39],{"class":38},[28,33360,3388],{"class":93},[28,33362,2756],{"class":97},[28,33364,2759],{"class":93},[28,33366,2762],{"class":97},[28,33368,2759],{"class":93},[28,33370,2221],{"class":97},[28,33372,3401],{"class":93},[28,33374,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33376,115],{"class":114},[28,33378,94],{"class":93},[28,33380,8115],{"class":120},[28,33382,385],{"class":93},[28,33384,5133],{"class":120},[28,33386,6970],{"class":93},[14,33388,33389,33390,33392],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[25,33391,16857],{}," method.",[14,33394,33395],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[18,33397,33399],{"className":20,"code":33398,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(my_list))\n",[25,33400,33401],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33402,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33404,115],{"class":114},[28,33406,94],{"class":93},[28,33408,311],{"class":89},[28,33410,94],{"class":93},[28,33412,8115],{"class":120},[28,33414,318],{"class":93},[14,33416,33417,33418,33420,33421,385],{},"If you get an ",[25,33419,25460],{},", see ",[381,33422,25468,33423,33425],{"href":25467},[25,33424,25471],{}," errors",[1109,33427,1320,33429,33431],{"id":33428},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[25,33430,16857],{}," returns a list",[14,33433,33434],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[18,33436,33438],{"className":20,"code":33437,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[25,33439,33440,33476,33490,33494],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33441,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33443,12647],{"class":34},[28,33445,39],{"class":38},[28,33447,10270],{"class":93},[28,33449,234],{"class":42},[28,33451,121],{"class":46},[28,33453,234],{"class":42},[28,33455,271],{"class":93},[28,33457,43],{"class":42},[28,33459,12664],{"class":46},[28,33461,234],{"class":42},[28,33463,2759],{"class":93},[28,33465,43],{"class":42},[28,33467,835],{"class":46},[28,33469,234],{"class":42},[28,33471,271],{"class":93},[28,33473,7566],{"class":97},[28,33475,9087],{"class":93},[28,33477,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33479,3591],{"class":34},[28,33481,39],{"class":38},[28,33483,12690],{"class":34},[28,33485,385],{"class":93},[28,33487,5133],{"class":120},[28,33489,8420],{"class":93},[28,33491,33492],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33493,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33495,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,33497,115],{"class":114},[28,33499,94],{"class":93},[28,33501,311],{"class":89},[28,33503,94],{"class":93},[28,33505,5133],{"class":120},[28,33507,318],{"class":93},[14,33509,336],{},[18,33511,33513],{"className":20,"code":33512,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[25,33514,33515],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33516,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33518,346],{"class":38},[28,33520,350],{"class":349},[28,33522,61],{"class":42},[28,33524,16823],{"class":46},[28,33526,358],{"class":42},[28,33528,361],{"class":38},[14,33530,4921,33531,33533],{},[25,33532,16823],{},", not a list.",[14,33535,33536],{},"If you need a list:",[18,33538,33540],{"className":20,"code":33539,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = list(student.values())\n",[25,33541,33542],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33543,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33545,3591],{"class":34},[28,33547,39],{"class":38},[28,33549,22347],{"class":89},[28,33551,94],{"class":93},[28,33553,13411],{"class":120},[28,33555,385],{"class":93},[28,33557,5133],{"class":120},[28,33559,6970],{"class":93},[1109,33561,33563,33564],{"id":33562},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[25,33565,16823],{},[14,33567,33568],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[18,33570,33572],{"className":20,"code":33571,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[25,33573,33574,33610,33624,33628],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33575,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33577,12647],{"class":34},[28,33579,39],{"class":38},[28,33581,10270],{"class":93},[28,33583,234],{"class":42},[28,33585,121],{"class":46},[28,33587,234],{"class":42},[28,33589,271],{"class":93},[28,33591,43],{"class":42},[28,33593,12664],{"class":46},[28,33595,234],{"class":42},[28,33597,2759],{"class":93},[28,33599,43],{"class":42},[28,33601,835],{"class":46},[28,33603,234],{"class":42},[28,33605,271],{"class":93},[28,33607,7566],{"class":97},[28,33609,9087],{"class":93},[28,33611,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33613,3591],{"class":34},[28,33615,39],{"class":38},[28,33617,12690],{"class":34},[28,33619,385],{"class":93},[28,33621,5133],{"class":120},[28,33623,8420],{"class":93},[28,33625,33626],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33627,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33629,33630],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,33631,33632],{"class":1006},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33634,33635],{},"Convert to a list first:",[18,33637,33639],{"className":20,"code":33638,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[25,33640,33641,33677,33695,33699],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33642,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33644,12647],{"class":34},[28,33646,39],{"class":38},[28,33648,10270],{"class":93},[28,33650,234],{"class":42},[28,33652,121],{"class":46},[28,33654,234],{"class":42},[28,33656,271],{"class":93},[28,33658,43],{"class":42},[28,33660,12664],{"class":46},[28,33662,234],{"class":42},[28,33664,2759],{"class":93},[28,33666,43],{"class":42},[28,33668,835],{"class":46},[28,33670,234],{"class":42},[28,33672,271],{"class":93},[28,33674,7566],{"class":97},[28,33676,9087],{"class":93},[28,33678,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691,33693],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33680,3591],{"class":34},[28,33682,39],{"class":38},[28,33684,22347],{"class":89},[28,33686,94],{"class":93},[28,33688,13411],{"class":120},[28,33690,385],{"class":93},[28,33692,5133],{"class":120},[28,33694,6970],{"class":93},[28,33696,33697],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33698,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33700,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709,33711],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,33702,115],{"class":114},[28,33704,94],{"class":93},[28,33706,5133],{"class":120},[28,33708,3669],{"class":93},[28,33710,1888],{"class":97},[28,33712,3657],{"class":93},[1109,33714,8194,33716,10871,33718],{"id":33715},"using-values-instead-of-values",[25,33717,5133],{},[25,33719,16857],{},[14,33721,33722],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[18,33724,33726],{"className":20,"code":33725,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[25,33727,33728,33764,33768],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33729,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33731,12647],{"class":34},[28,33733,39],{"class":38},[28,33735,10270],{"class":93},[28,33737,234],{"class":42},[28,33739,121],{"class":46},[28,33741,234],{"class":42},[28,33743,271],{"class":93},[28,33745,43],{"class":42},[28,33747,12664],{"class":46},[28,33749,234],{"class":42},[28,33751,2759],{"class":93},[28,33753,43],{"class":42},[28,33755,835],{"class":46},[28,33757,234],{"class":42},[28,33759,271],{"class":93},[28,33761,7566],{"class":97},[28,33763,9087],{"class":93},[28,33765,33766],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33767,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,33769,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33771,115],{"class":114},[28,33773,94],{"class":93},[28,33775,13411],{"class":120},[28,33777,385],{"class":93},[28,33779,5133],{"class":24538},[28,33781,101],{"class":93},[14,33783,33784,33787],{},[25,33785,33786],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33789,18482],{},[18,33791,33793],{"className":20,"code":33792,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(student.values())\n",[25,33794,33795],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33796,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33798,115],{"class":114},[28,33800,94],{"class":93},[28,33802,13411],{"class":120},[28,33804,385],{"class":93},[28,33806,5133],{"class":120},[28,33808,6970],{"class":93},[1109,33810,33812],{"id":33811},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33814,33815],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[18,33817,33819],{"className":20,"code":33818,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[25,33820,33821,33853],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33822,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33824,8944],{"class":34},[28,33826,39],{"class":38},[28,33828,10270],{"class":93},[28,33830,234],{"class":42},[28,33832,381],{"class":46},[28,33834,234],{"class":42},[28,33836,271],{"class":93},[28,33838,5273],{"class":97},[28,33840,2759],{"class":93},[28,33842,43],{"class":42},[28,33844,4533],{"class":46},[28,33846,234],{"class":42},[28,33848,271],{"class":93},[28,33850,2762],{"class":97},[28,33852,9087],{"class":93},[28,33854,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33856,115],{"class":114},[28,33858,94],{"class":93},[28,33860,8983],{"class":120},[28,33862,385],{"class":93},[28,33864,5133],{"class":120},[28,33866,6970],{"class":93},[14,33868,33869],{},"Not like this:",[18,33871,33873],{"className":20,"code":33872,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[25,33874,33875,33880,33885],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33876,33877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33878,33879],{"class":1006},"# Wrong examples:\n",[28,33881,33882],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33883,33884],{"class":1006},"# data().values()\n",[28,33886,33887],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33888,33889],{"class":1006},"# values(data)\n",[14,33891,3107],{},[18,33893,33895],{"className":20,"code":33894,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[25,33896,33897,33911,33921,33935],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,33898,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,33900,115],{"class":114},[28,33902,94],{"class":93},[28,33904,311],{"class":89},[28,33906,94],{"class":93},[28,33908,11230],{"class":120},[28,33910,318],{"class":93},[28,33912,33913,33915,33917,33919],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,33914,115],{"class":114},[28,33916,94],{"class":93},[28,33918,11230],{"class":120},[28,33920,101],{"class":93},[28,33922,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,33924,115],{"class":114},[28,33926,94],{"class":93},[28,33928,11230],{"class":120},[28,33930,385],{"class":93},[28,33932,5133],{"class":120},[28,33934,6970],{"class":93},[28,33936,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,33938,115],{"class":114},[28,33940,94],{"class":93},[28,33942,7869],{"class":89},[28,33944,94],{"class":93},[28,33946,11230],{"class":120},[28,33948,385],{"class":93},[28,33950,5133],{"class":120},[28,33952,6066],{"class":93},[172,33954,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,33956,4915,33958,4918],{"id":33957},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[25,33959,32111],{},[14,33961,17208,33962,33964],{},[25,33963,16823],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1109,33966,12487,33968,23719],{"id":33967},"does-values-return-a-list",[25,33969,16857],{},[14,33971,23722,33972,23726],{},[25,33973,33974],{},"list(...)",[1109,33976,25845,33978,2262],{"id":33977},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[25,33979,32111],{},[14,33981,33982,33983,25853],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[25,33984,5734],{},[1109,33986,12487,33988,33990],{"id":33987},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[25,33989,32111],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,33992,33993],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1109,33995,33997,33998,34000,34001,2262],{"id":33996},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[25,33999,16857],{}," different from ",[25,34002,16864],{},[14,34004,34005,34007,34008,34010],{},[25,34006,16857],{}," returns only values. ",[25,34009,16864],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[172,34012,1662],{"id":1661},[177,34014,34015,34021,34027,34031,34037,34041],{},[180,34016,34017],{},[381,34018,10517,34019,1689],{"href":16848},[25,34020,16851],{},[180,34022,34023],{},[381,34024,10517,34025,1689],{"href":16861},[25,34026,16864],{},[180,34028,34029],{},[381,34030,11022],{"href":9169},[180,34032,34033],{},[381,34034,34036],{"href":34035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[180,34038,34039],{},[381,34040,23804],{"href":32960},[180,34042,34043],{},[381,34044,30137,34045],{"href":25467},[25,34046,34047],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1699,34049,34050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":34052},[34053,34054,34056,34057,34059,34060,34061,34062,34064,34075,34087],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":32281,"depth":53,"text":34055},"What values() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":32351,"depth":53,"text":34058},"What values() returns",{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":32830,"depth":53,"text":32831},{"id":32963,"depth":53,"text":32964},{"id":33122,"depth":53,"text":34063},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":34065},[34066,34068,34070,34072,34074],{"id":33337,"depth":70,"text":34067},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33428,"depth":70,"text":34069},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33562,"depth":70,"text":34071},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33715,"depth":70,"text":34073},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33811,"depth":70,"text":33812},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":34076},[34077,34079,34081,34083,34085],{"id":33957,"depth":70,"text":34078},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33967,"depth":70,"text":34080},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33977,"depth":70,"text":34082},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33987,"depth":70,"text":34084},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33996,"depth":70,"text":34086},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32098,"description":34088},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34094,"title":34095,"body":34096,"description":35522,"extension":1730,"meta":35523,"navigation":107,"path":35524,"seo":35525,"stem":35526,"__hash__":35527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34097,"toc":35474},[34098,34104,34109,34112,34128,34137,34139,34171,34177,34180,34274,34277,34282,34287,34290,34301,34303,34317,34323,34325,34330,34336,34339,34378,34386,34391,34394,34439,34442,34454,34460,34466,34470,34501,34504,34522,34525,34529,34568,34570,34590,34593,34605,34610,34616,34619,34673,34676,34687,34690,34701,34704,34708,34714,34716,34746,34749,34764,34767,34770,34789,34792,34808,34817,34819,34850,34856,34861,34864,34871,34902,34905,34927,34930,34933,34947,34951,34982,34997,35004,35011,35015,35023,35027,35035,35038,35087,35098,35100,35103,35109,35114,35123,35127,35130,35133,35137,35140,35142,35163,35167,35173,35184,35190,35192,35198,35222,35225,35288,35291,35319,35322,35384,35386,35391,35394,35401,35409,35416,35419,35427,35433,35435,35462,35471],[10,34099,858,34101,3344],{"id":34100},"python-dir-function-explained",[25,34102,34103],{},"dir()",[14,34105,32108,34106,34108],{},[25,34107,34103],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34110,34111],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[177,34113,34114,34117,34120,34125],{},[180,34115,34116],{},"learning Python",[180,34118,34119],{},"exploring a new object",[180,34121,34122,34123],{},"debugging an ",[25,34124,25460],{},[180,34126,34127],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34129,34130,34131,34133,34134],{},"In short, ",[25,34132,34103],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[163,34135,34136],{},"“What can I use here?”",[172,34138,1771],{"id":1770},[18,34140,34142],{"className":20,"code":34141,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[25,34143,34144,34156],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34145,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34147,35],{"class":34},[28,34149,39],{"class":38},[28,34151,43],{"class":42},[28,34153,238],{"class":46},[28,34155,50],{"class":42},[28,34157,34158,34160,34162,34165,34167,34169],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34159,115],{"class":114},[28,34161,94],{"class":93},[28,34163,34164],{"class":114},"dir",[28,34166,94],{"class":93},[28,34168,121],{"class":120},[28,34170,318],{"class":93},[14,34172,1631,34173,34176],{},[25,34174,34175],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34178,34179],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[18,34181,34183],{"className":20,"code":34182,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[25,34184,34185],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34186,34187,34189,34191,34194,34196,34198,34200,34203,34205,34207,34209,34212,34214,34216,34218,34221,34223,34225,34227,34230,34232,34234,34236,34239,34241,34243,34246,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256,34258,34261,34263,34265,34267,34270,34272],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34188,3669],{"class":93},[28,34190,358],{"class":42},[28,34192,34193],{"class":46},"__add__",[28,34195,358],{"class":42},[28,34197,2759],{"class":93},[28,34199,61],{"class":42},[28,34201,34202],{"class":46},"__class__",[28,34204,358],{"class":42},[28,34206,2759],{"class":93},[28,34208,61],{"class":42},[28,34210,34211],{"class":46},"__contains__",[28,34213,358],{"class":42},[28,34215,2759],{"class":93},[28,34217,61],{"class":42},[28,34219,34220],{"class":46},"__delattr__",[28,34222,358],{"class":42},[28,34224,2759],{"class":93},[28,34226,61],{"class":42},[28,34228,34229],{"class":46},"__dir__",[28,34231,358],{"class":42},[28,34233,2759],{"class":93},[28,34235,61],{"class":42},[28,34237,34238],{"class":46},"__doc__",[28,34240,358],{"class":42},[28,34242,2759],{"class":93},[28,34244,34245],{"class":1044}," ...",[28,34247,2759],{"class":93},[28,34249,61],{"class":42},[28,34251,8417],{"class":46},[28,34253,358],{"class":42},[28,34255,2759],{"class":93},[28,34257,61],{"class":42},[28,34259,34260],{"class":46},"split",[28,34262,358],{"class":42},[28,34264,2759],{"class":93},[28,34266,61],{"class":42},[28,34268,34269],{"class":46},"upper",[28,34271,358],{"class":42},[28,34273,3401],{"class":93},[14,34275,34276],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[172,34278,3445,34280,3448],{"id":34279},"what-dir-does",[25,34281,34103],{},[14,34283,34284,34286],{},[25,34285,34103],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34288,34289],{},"It usually includes:",[177,34291,34292,34295,34298],{},[180,34293,34294],{},"attributes",[180,34296,34297],{},"methods",[180,34299,34300],{},"special Python names",[14,34302,11239],{},[177,34304,34305,34311,34314],{},[180,34306,34307,34308],{},"The result is a ",[163,34309,34310],{},"list of strings",[180,34312,34313],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[180,34315,34316],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34318,34319,34320,34322],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[25,34321,34103],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[172,34324,1927],{"id":1926},[14,34326,34327,34329],{},[25,34328,34103],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1109,34331,34333,34335],{"id":34332},"dir-with-no-argument",[25,34334,34103],{}," with no argument",[14,34337,34338],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[18,34340,34342],{"className":20,"code":34341,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[25,34343,34344,34352,34364,34368],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34345,34346,34348,34350],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34347,2795],{"class":34},[28,34349,39],{"class":38},[28,34351,1470],{"class":97},[28,34353,34354,34356,34358,34360,34362],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34355,35],{"class":34},[28,34357,39],{"class":38},[28,34359,43],{"class":42},[28,34361,7452],{"class":46},[28,34363,50],{"class":42},[28,34365,34366],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,34367,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,34369,34370,34372,34374,34376],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,34371,115],{"class":114},[28,34373,94],{"class":93},[28,34375,34164],{"class":114},[28,34377,6970],{"class":93},[14,34379,34380,34381,1323,34383,34385],{},"This will show names such as ",[25,34382,1944],{},[25,34384,121],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1109,34387,34389],{"id":34388},"dirobject",[25,34390,34175],{},[14,34392,34393],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[18,34395,34397],{"className":20,"code":34396,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[25,34398,34399,34417],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34400,34401,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34402,115],{"class":114},[28,34404,94],{"class":93},[28,34406,34164],{"class":114},[28,34408,94],{"class":93},[28,34410,234],{"class":42},[28,34412,238],{"class":46},[28,34414,234],{"class":42},[28,34416,318],{"class":93},[28,34418,34419,34421,34423,34425,34427,34429,34431,34433,34435,34437],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34420,115],{"class":114},[28,34422,94],{"class":93},[28,34424,34164],{"class":114},[28,34426,2753],{"class":93},[28,34428,2756],{"class":97},[28,34430,2759],{"class":93},[28,34432,2762],{"class":97},[28,34434,2759],{"class":93},[28,34436,2221],{"class":97},[28,34438,2769],{"class":93},[14,34440,34441],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[177,34443,34444,34446,34448,34451],{},[180,34445,5083],{},[180,34447,5074],{},[180,34449,34450],{},"modules",[180,34452,34453],{},"custom objects",[172,34455,8194,34457,34459],{"id":34456},"using-dir-with-a-value",[25,34458,34103],{}," with a value",[14,34461,34462,34463,34465],{},"A common use of ",[25,34464,34103],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1109,34467,34469],{"id":34468},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[18,34471,34473],{"className":20,"code":34472,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[25,34474,34475,34487],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34476,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34478,84],{"class":34},[28,34480,39],{"class":38},[28,34482,43],{"class":42},[28,34484,238],{"class":46},[28,34486,50],{"class":42},[28,34488,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34490,115],{"class":114},[28,34492,94],{"class":93},[28,34494,34164],{"class":114},[28,34496,94],{"class":93},[28,34498,157],{"class":120},[28,34500,318],{"class":93},[14,34502,34503],{},"You will see method names like:",[177,34505,34506,34510,34514,34518],{},[180,34507,34508],{},[25,34509,8417],{},[180,34511,34512],{},[25,34513,34269],{},[180,34515,34516],{},[25,34517,34260],{},[180,34519,34520],{},[25,34521,8411],{},[14,34523,34524],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1109,34526,34528],{"id":34527},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[18,34530,34532],{"className":20,"code":34531,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[25,34533,34534,34554],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34535,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34537,3383],{"class":34},[28,34539,39],{"class":38},[28,34541,3388],{"class":93},[28,34543,2756],{"class":97},[28,34545,2759],{"class":93},[28,34547,2762],{"class":97},[28,34549,2759],{"class":93},[28,34551,2221],{"class":97},[28,34553,3401],{"class":93},[28,34555,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34557,115],{"class":114},[28,34559,94],{"class":93},[28,34561,34164],{"class":114},[28,34563,94],{"class":93},[28,34565,3415],{"class":120},[28,34567,318],{"class":93},[14,34569,34503],{},[177,34571,34572,34576,34580,34585],{},[180,34573,34574],{},[25,34575,13338],{},[180,34577,34578],{},[25,34579,26030],{},[180,34581,34582],{},[25,34583,34584],{},"remove",[180,34586,34587],{},[25,34588,34589],{},"sort",[14,34591,34592],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34594,34595,34596,34601,34602,34604],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[381,34597,34599],{"href":34598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[25,34600,270],{}," can help first. Then ",[25,34603,34103],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[172,34606,8194,34608,34335],{"id":34607},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[25,34609,34103],{},[14,34611,34612,34613,34615],{},"When used with no argument, ",[25,34614,34103],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34617,34618],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[18,34620,34622],{"className":20,"code":34621,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[25,34623,34624,34633,34637,34648,34659,34663],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34625,34626,34628,34630],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34627,2795],{"class":34},[28,34629,39],{"class":38},[28,34631,34632],{"class":97}," 5\n",[28,34634,34635],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34636,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,34638,34639,34642,34646],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,34640,34641],{"class":349},"def",[28,34643,34645],{"class":34644},"sGLFI"," greet",[28,34647,21383],{"class":93},[28,34649,34650,34653,34655,34657],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,34651,34652],{"class":3644},"    return",[28,34654,43],{"class":42},[28,34656,64],{"class":46},[28,34658,50],{"class":42},[28,34660,34661],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,34662,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,34664,34665,34667,34669,34671],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,34666,115],{"class":114},[28,34668,94],{"class":93},[28,34670,34164],{"class":114},[28,34672,6970],{"class":93},[14,34674,34675],{},"The output will include names like:",[177,34677,34678,34682],{},[180,34679,34680],{},[25,34681,1944],{},[180,34683,34684],{},[25,34685,34686],{},"greet",[14,34688,34689],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[177,34691,34692,34695,34698],{},[180,34693,34694],{},"what variables exist",[180,34696,34697],{},"what functions you have defined",[180,34699,34700],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34702,34703],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[172,34705,34707],{"id":34706},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34709,34710,34711,34713],{},"When you first use ",[25,34712,34103],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34715,924],{},[18,34717,34718],{"className":20,"code":34472,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,34719,34720,34732],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34721,34722,34724,34726,34728,34730],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34723,84],{"class":34},[28,34725,39],{"class":38},[28,34727,43],{"class":42},[28,34729,238],{"class":46},[28,34731,50],{"class":42},[28,34733,34734,34736,34738,34740,34742,34744],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34735,115],{"class":114},[28,34737,94],{"class":93},[28,34739,34164],{"class":114},[28,34741,94],{"class":93},[28,34743,157],{"class":120},[28,34745,318],{"class":93},[14,34747,34748],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[177,34750,34751,34755,34759],{},[180,34752,34753],{},[25,34754,34202],{},[180,34756,34757],{},[25,34758,34238],{},[180,34760,34761],{},[25,34762,34763],{},"__len__",[14,34765,34766],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34768,34769],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[177,34771,34772,34776,34780,34784],{},[180,34773,34774],{},[25,34775,34269],{},[180,34777,34778],{},[25,34779,8417],{},[180,34781,34782],{},[25,34783,34260],{},[180,34785,34786],{},[25,34787,34788],{},"replace",[14,34790,34791],{},"A key point to remember:",[177,34793,34794,34802],{},[180,34795,34796,34798,34799],{},[25,34797,34103],{}," lists ",[163,34800,34801],{},"names only",[180,34803,34804,34805,34807],{},"it does ",[163,34806,4402],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34809,34810,34811,385],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[381,34812,34814],{"href":34813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[25,34815,34816],{},"help()",[14,34818,5247],{},[18,34820,34822],{"className":20,"code":34821,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[25,34823,34824,34836],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34825,34826,34828,34830,34832,34834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34827,35],{"class":34},[28,34829,39],{"class":38},[28,34831,43],{"class":42},[28,34833,238],{"class":46},[28,34835,50],{"class":42},[28,34837,34838,34840,34842,34844,34846,34848],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34839,31943],{"class":114},[28,34841,94],{"class":93},[28,34843,121],{"class":120},[28,34845,385],{"class":93},[28,34847,34269],{"class":24538},[28,34849,101],{"class":93},[172,34851,34853,34855],{"id":34852},"dir-on-modules",[25,34854,34103],{}," on modules",[14,34857,15499,34858,34860],{},[25,34859,34103],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34862,34863],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1109,34865,34867,34868,34870],{"id":34866},"example-math-module","Example: ",[25,34869,18204],{}," module",[18,34872,34874],{"className":20,"code":34873,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[25,34875,34876,34884,34888],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34877,34878,34881],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34879,34880],{"class":3644},"import",[28,34882,34883],{"class":34}," math\n",[28,34885,34886],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34887,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,34889,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898,34900],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,34891,115],{"class":114},[28,34893,94],{"class":93},[28,34895,34164],{"class":114},[28,34897,94],{"class":93},[28,34899,18204],{"class":120},[28,34901,318],{"class":93},[14,34903,34904],{},"You may see names like:",[177,34906,34907,34912,34917,34922],{},[180,34908,34909],{},[25,34910,34911],{},"sqrt",[180,34913,34914],{},[25,34915,34916],{},"ceil",[180,34918,34919],{},[25,34920,34921],{},"floor",[180,34923,34924],{},[25,34925,34926],{},"pi",[14,34928,34929],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,34931,34932],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[177,34934,34935,34941],{},[180,34936,34937],{},[381,34938,34940],{"href":34939},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[180,34942,34943],{},[381,34944,34946],{"href":34945},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1109,34948,34950],{"id":34949},"another-example","Another example",[18,34952,34954],{"className":20,"code":34953,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[25,34955,34956,34963,34967],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,34957,34958,34960],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,34959,34880],{"class":3644},[28,34961,34962],{"class":34}," json\n",[28,34964,34965],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,34966,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,34968,34969,34971,34973,34975,34977,34980],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,34970,115],{"class":114},[28,34972,94],{"class":93},[28,34974,34164],{"class":114},[28,34976,94],{"class":93},[28,34978,34979],{"class":120},"json",[28,34981,318],{"class":93},[14,34983,34984,34985,1959,34988,1959,34991,16858,34994,385],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[25,34986,34987],{},"dump",[25,34989,34990],{},"dumps",[25,34992,34993],{},"load",[25,34995,34996],{},"loads",[172,34998,35000,10365,35002],{"id":34999},"dir-vs-help",[25,35001,34103],{},[25,35003,34816],{},[14,35005,35006,1323,35008,35010],{},[25,35007,34103],{},[25,35009,34816],{}," are often used together.",[1109,35012,35013],{"id":34164},[25,35014,34103],{},[177,35016,35017,35020],{},[180,35018,35019],{},"shows available names",[180,35021,35022],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1109,35024,35025],{"id":31943},[25,35026,34816],{},[177,35028,35029,35032],{},[180,35030,35031],{},"explains what an object or function does",[180,35033,35034],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35036,35037],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[18,35039,35041],{"className":20,"code":35040,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[25,35042,35043,35055,35059,35073],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35044,35045,35047,35049,35051,35053],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35046,35],{"class":34},[28,35048,39],{"class":38},[28,35050,43],{"class":42},[28,35052,238],{"class":46},[28,35054,50],{"class":42},[28,35056,35057],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35058,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,35060,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069,35071],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35062,115],{"class":114},[28,35064,94],{"class":93},[28,35066,34164],{"class":114},[28,35068,94],{"class":93},[28,35070,121],{"class":120},[28,35072,318],{"class":93},[28,35074,35075,35077,35079,35081,35083,35085],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,35076,31943],{"class":114},[28,35078,94],{"class":93},[28,35080,121],{"class":120},[28,35082,385],{"class":93},[28,35084,34269],{"class":24538},[28,35086,101],{"class":93},[14,35088,1631,35089,35091,35092,35094,35095,35097],{},[25,35090,34103],{}," first to find a method name.",[9625,35093],{},"\nThen use ",[25,35096,34816],{}," to understand how to use it.",[172,35099,25146],{"id":25145},[14,35101,35102],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1109,35104,35106,35108],{"id":35105},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[25,35107,34103],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35110,35111,35113],{},[25,35112,34103],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35115,35116,35117,1018,35119,35122],{},"For example, seeing ",[25,35118,34269],{},[25,35120,35121],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1109,35124,35126],{"id":35125},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35128,35129],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35131,35132],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1109,35134,35136],{"id":35135},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35138,35139],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35141,5247],{},[177,35143,35144,35149,35155],{},[180,35145,35146,35148],{},[25,35147,35121],{}," shows string-related names",[180,35150,35151,35154],{},[25,35152,35153],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[180,35156,35157,35160,35161,34870],{},[25,35158,35159],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[25,35162,18204],{},[1109,35164,35166],{"id":35165},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35168,35169,35170,35172],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[25,35171,34103],{}," does not mean you already know:",[177,35174,35175,35178,35181],{},[180,35176,35177],{},"what it does",[180,35179,35180],{},"what arguments it needs",[180,35182,35183],{},"what it returns",[14,35185,35186,35187,35189],{},"That is why ",[25,35188,34816],{}," is the natural next step.",[172,35191,1104],{"id":1103},[14,35193,35194,35195,35197],{},"Beginners often use ",[25,35196,34103],{}," in these situations:",[177,35199,35200,35203,35212,35215],{},[180,35201,35202],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[180,35204,35205,35206,35211],{},"Seeing an ",[381,35207,35209],{"href":35208},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[25,35210,25460],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[180,35213,35214],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[180,35216,8194,35217,35219,35220],{},[25,35218,34103],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[25,35221,34816],{},[14,35223,35224],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[18,35226,35228],{"className":20,"code":35227,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[25,35229,35230,35242,35246,35260,35274],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35231,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35233,35],{"class":34},[28,35235,39],{"class":38},[28,35237,43],{"class":42},[28,35239,238],{"class":46},[28,35241,50],{"class":42},[28,35243,35244],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35245,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,35247,35248,35250,35252,35254,35256,35258],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35249,115],{"class":114},[28,35251,94],{"class":93},[28,35253,311],{"class":89},[28,35255,94],{"class":93},[28,35257,121],{"class":120},[28,35259,318],{"class":93},[28,35261,35262,35264,35266,35268,35270,35272],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,35263,115],{"class":114},[28,35265,94],{"class":93},[28,35267,34164],{"class":114},[28,35269,94],{"class":93},[28,35271,121],{"class":120},[28,35273,318],{"class":93},[28,35275,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284,35286],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,35277,31943],{"class":114},[28,35279,94],{"class":93},[28,35281,121],{"class":120},[28,35283,385],{"class":93},[28,35285,34269],{"class":24538},[28,35287,101],{"class":93},[14,35289,35290],{},"And for modules:",[18,35292,35293],{"className":20,"code":34873,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,35294,35295,35301,35305],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35296,35297,35299],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35298,34880],{"class":3644},[28,35300,34883],{"class":34},[28,35302,35303],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35304,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,35306,35307,35309,35311,35313,35315,35317],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35308,115],{"class":114},[28,35310,94],{"class":93},[28,35312,34164],{"class":114},[28,35314,94],{"class":93},[28,35316,18204],{"class":120},[28,35318,318],{"class":93},[14,35320,35321],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[18,35323,35325],{"className":20,"code":35324,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[25,35326,35327,35332,35344,35354,35368,35374],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35328,35329],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35330,35331],{"class":34},"python\n",[28,35333,35334,35336,35338,35340,35342],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35335,35],{"class":34},[28,35337,39],{"class":38},[28,35339,43],{"class":42},[28,35341,238],{"class":46},[28,35343,50],{"class":42},[28,35345,35346,35348,35350,35352],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35347,34164],{"class":114},[28,35349,94],{"class":93},[28,35351,121],{"class":120},[28,35353,101],{"class":93},[28,35355,35356,35358,35360,35362,35364,35366],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,35357,31943],{"class":114},[28,35359,94],{"class":93},[28,35361,121],{"class":120},[28,35363,385],{"class":93},[28,35365,34269],{"class":24538},[28,35367,101],{"class":93},[28,35369,35370,35372],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,35371,34880],{"class":3644},[28,35373,34883],{"class":34},[28,35375,35376,35378,35380,35382],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,35377,34164],{"class":114},[28,35379,94],{"class":93},[28,35381,18204],{"class":120},[28,35383,101],{"class":93},[172,35385,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,35387,4915,35389,4918],{"id":35388},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[25,35390,34103],{},[14,35392,35393],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1109,35395,4953,35397,1323,35399,2262],{"id":35396},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[25,35398,34103],{},[25,35400,34816],{},[14,35402,35403,35405,35406,35408],{},[25,35404,34103],{}," lists available names. ",[25,35407,34816],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1109,35410,35412,35413,35415],{"id":35411},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[25,35414,34103],{}," output?",[14,35417,35418],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1109,35420,4943,35422,35424,35425,2262],{"id":35421},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[25,35423,34103],{}," help fix ",[25,35426,25460],{},[14,35428,35429,35430,385],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[381,35431,35432],{"href":35208},"object has no attribute",[172,35434,1662],{"id":1661},[177,35436,35437,35443,35448,35452,35456],{},[180,35438,35439],{},[381,35440,858,35441,861],{"href":34813},[25,35442,34816],{},[180,35444,35445],{},[381,35446,35447],{"href":35208},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[180,35449,35450],{},[381,35451,34940],{"href":34939},[180,35453,35454],{},[381,35455,34946],{"href":34945},[180,35457,35458],{},[381,35459,858,35460,861],{"href":34598},[25,35461,270],{},[14,35463,35464,35465,35467,35468,35470],{},"A good habit is to use ",[25,35466,34103],{}," together with ",[25,35469,34816],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1699,35472,35473],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":35475},[35476,35477,35479,35484,35489,35491,35492,35498,35503,35510,35511,35521],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":34279,"depth":53,"text":35478},"What dir() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":35480},[35481,35483],{"id":34332,"depth":70,"text":35482},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34388,"depth":70,"text":34175},{"id":34456,"depth":53,"text":35485,"children":35486},"Using dir() with a value",[35487,35488],{"id":34468,"depth":70,"text":34469},{"id":34527,"depth":70,"text":34528},{"id":34607,"depth":53,"text":35490},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34706,"depth":53,"text":34707},{"id":34852,"depth":53,"text":35493,"children":35494},"dir() on modules",[35495,35497],{"id":34866,"depth":70,"text":35496},"Example: math module",{"id":34949,"depth":70,"text":34950},{"id":34999,"depth":53,"text":35499,"children":35500},"dir() vs help()",[35501,35502],{"id":34164,"depth":70,"text":34103},{"id":31943,"depth":70,"text":34816},{"id":25145,"depth":53,"text":25146,"children":35504},[35505,35507,35508,35509],{"id":35105,"depth":70,"text":35506},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35125,"depth":70,"text":35126},{"id":35135,"depth":70,"text":35136},{"id":35165,"depth":70,"text":35166},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":35512},[35513,35515,35517,35519],{"id":35388,"depth":70,"text":35514},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35396,"depth":70,"text":35516},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35411,"depth":70,"text":35518},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35421,"depth":70,"text":35520},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34095,"description":35522},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35529,"title":35530,"body":35531,"description":37351,"extension":1730,"meta":37352,"navigation":107,"path":37353,"seo":37354,"stem":37355,"__hash__":37356},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35532,"toc":37320},[35533,35539,35544,35547,35555,35561,35563,35643,35645,35671,35676,35681,35686,35689,35700,35703,35705,35784,35786,35812,35819,35821,35823,35848,35851,35864,35869,35871,35952,35954,35980,35989,35994,36002,36008,36015,36018,36020,36099,36102,36159,36161,36198,36204,36209,36214,36217,36231,36233,36336,36338,36381,36390,36400,36407,36413,36420,36503,36505,36528,36531,36534,36536,36540,36544,36547,36610,36633,36636,36640,36646,36648,36715,36718,36795,36800,36806,36809,36812,36858,36860,36884,36889,36893,36898,36904,36967,36970,36972,36975,37000,37003,37138,37140,37241,37243,37248,37251,37257,37267,37275,37280,37286,37292,37294,37317],[10,35534,858,35536,3344],{"id":35535},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[25,35537,35538],{},"enumerate()",[14,35540,35541,35543],{},[25,35542,35538],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35545,35546],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[177,35548,35549,35552],{},[180,35550,35551],{},"the item itself",[180,35553,35554],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35556,35557,35558,35560],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[25,35559,35538],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[172,35562,1771],{"id":1770},[18,35564,35566],{"className":20,"code":35565,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[25,35567,35568,35600,35604,35627],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35569,35570,35572,35574,35576,35578,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35571,12860],{"class":34},[28,35573,39],{"class":38},[28,35575,3388],{"class":93},[28,35577,234],{"class":42},[28,35579,12877],{"class":46},[28,35581,234],{"class":42},[28,35583,2759],{"class":93},[28,35585,43],{"class":42},[28,35587,17242],{"class":46},[28,35589,234],{"class":42},[28,35591,2759],{"class":93},[28,35593,43],{"class":42},[28,35595,12894],{"class":46},[28,35597,234],{"class":42},[28,35599,3401],{"class":93},[28,35601,35602],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35603,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,35605,35606,35608,35611,35613,35616,35618,35621,35623,35625],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35607,5734],{"class":3644},[28,35609,35610],{"class":34}," index",[28,35612,2759],{"class":93},[28,35614,35615],{"class":34}," color ",[28,35617,3651],{"class":3644},[28,35619,35620],{"class":114}," enumerate",[28,35622,94],{"class":93},[28,35624,17289],{"class":120},[28,35626,8118],{"class":93},[28,35628,35629,35631,35633,35636,35638,35641],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,35630,7844],{"class":114},[28,35632,94],{"class":93},[28,35634,35635],{"class":120},"index",[28,35637,2759],{"class":93},[28,35639,35640],{"class":120}," color",[28,35642,101],{"class":93},[14,35644,336],{},[18,35646,35648],{"className":20,"code":35647,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[25,35649,35650,35657,35664],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35651,35652,35654],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35653,1888],{"class":97},[28,35655,35656],{"class":34}," red\n",[28,35658,35659,35661],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35660,2756],{"class":97},[28,35662,35663],{"class":34}," green\n",[28,35665,35666,35668],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35667,1825],{"class":97},[28,35669,35670],{"class":34}," blue\n",[14,35672,1631,35673,35675],{},[25,35674,35538],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[172,35677,3445,35679,3448],{"id":35678},"what-enumerate-does",[25,35680,35538],{},[14,35682,35683,35685],{},[25,35684,35538],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35687,35688],{},"It is commonly used with:",[177,35690,35691,35693,35695,35697],{},[180,35692,5074],{},[180,35694,5077],{},[180,35696,5083],{},[180,35698,35699],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35701,35702],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35704,924],{},[18,35706,35708],{"className":20,"code":35707,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[25,35709,35710,35744,35748,35769],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35711,35712,35714,35716,35718,35720,35722,35724,35726,35728,35731,35733,35735,35737,35740,35742],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35713,4768],{"class":34},[28,35715,39],{"class":38},[28,35717,3388],{"class":93},[28,35719,234],{"class":42},[28,35721,12664],{"class":46},[28,35723,234],{"class":42},[28,35725,2759],{"class":93},[28,35727,43],{"class":42},[28,35729,35730],{"class":46},"Ben",[28,35732,234],{"class":42},[28,35734,2759],{"class":93},[28,35736,43],{"class":42},[28,35738,35739],{"class":46},"Cara",[28,35741,234],{"class":42},[28,35743,3401],{"class":93},[28,35745,35746],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35747,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,35749,35750,35752,35754,35756,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35751,5734],{"class":3644},[28,35753,35610],{"class":34},[28,35755,2759],{"class":93},[28,35757,35758],{"class":34}," name ",[28,35760,3651],{"class":3644},[28,35762,35620],{"class":114},[28,35764,94],{"class":93},[28,35766,4811],{"class":120},[28,35768,8118],{"class":93},[28,35770,35771,35773,35775,35777,35779,35782],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,35772,7844],{"class":114},[28,35774,94],{"class":93},[28,35776,35635],{"class":120},[28,35778,2759],{"class":93},[28,35780,35781],{"class":120}," name",[28,35783,101],{"class":93},[14,35785,336],{},[18,35787,35789],{"className":20,"code":35788,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[25,35790,35791,35798,35805],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35792,35793,35795],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35794,1888],{"class":97},[28,35796,35797],{"class":34}," Ana\n",[28,35799,35800,35802],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35801,2756],{"class":97},[28,35803,35804],{"class":34}," Ben\n",[28,35806,35807,35809],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35808,1825],{"class":97},[28,35810,35811],{"class":34}," Cara\n",[14,35813,35814,35815,385],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[381,35816,35818],{"href":35817},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[172,35820,1927],{"id":1926},[14,35822,1930],{},[18,35824,35826],{"className":20,"code":35825,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[25,35827,35828],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35829,35830,35833,35835,35837,35839,35842,35844,35846],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35831,35832],{"class":114},"enumerate",[28,35834,94],{"class":93},[28,35836,3489],{"class":120},[28,35838,2759],{"class":93},[28,35840,35841],{"class":8954}," start",[28,35843,39],{"class":38},[28,35845,1888],{"class":97},[28,35847,101],{"class":93},[14,35849,35850],{},"It has two parts:",[177,35852,35853,35858],{},[180,35854,35855,35857],{},[25,35856,3489],{},": the object you want to loop through",[180,35859,35860,35863],{},[25,35861,35862],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35865,35866,35867,385],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[25,35868,1888],{},[14,35870,924],{},[18,35872,35874],{"className":20,"code":35873,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[25,35875,35876,35909,35913,35936],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35877,35878,35881,35883,35885,35887,35889,35891,35893,35895,35897,35899,35901,35903,35905,35907],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35879,35880],{"class":34},"letters ",[28,35882,39],{"class":38},[28,35884,3388],{"class":93},[28,35886,234],{"class":42},[28,35888,381],{"class":46},[28,35890,234],{"class":42},[28,35892,2759],{"class":93},[28,35894,43],{"class":42},[28,35896,4533],{"class":46},[28,35898,234],{"class":42},[28,35900,2759],{"class":93},[28,35902,43],{"class":42},[28,35904,9518],{"class":46},[28,35906,234],{"class":42},[28,35908,3401],{"class":93},[28,35910,35911],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35912,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,35914,35915,35917,35920,35922,35925,35927,35929,35931,35934],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35916,5734],{"class":3644},[28,35918,35919],{"class":34}," i",[28,35921,2759],{"class":93},[28,35923,35924],{"class":34}," letter ",[28,35926,3651],{"class":3644},[28,35928,35620],{"class":114},[28,35930,94],{"class":93},[28,35932,35933],{"class":120},"letters",[28,35935,8118],{"class":93},[28,35937,35938,35940,35942,35945,35947,35950],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,35939,7844],{"class":114},[28,35941,94],{"class":93},[28,35943,35944],{"class":120},"i",[28,35946,2759],{"class":93},[28,35948,35949],{"class":120}," letter",[28,35951,101],{"class":93},[14,35953,336],{},[18,35955,35957],{"className":20,"code":35956,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[25,35958,35959,35966,35973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,35960,35961,35963],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,35962,1888],{"class":97},[28,35964,35965],{"class":34}," a\n",[28,35967,35968,35970],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,35969,2756],{"class":97},[28,35971,35972],{"class":34}," b\n",[28,35974,35975,35977],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,35976,1825],{"class":97},[28,35978,35979],{"class":34}," c\n",[14,35981,35982,35983,385],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[381,35984,858,35986,861],{"href":35985},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[25,35987,35988],{},"range()",[172,35990,3445,35992,11487],{"id":35991},"what-enumerate-returns",[25,35993,35538],{},[14,35995,35996,35998,35999,385],{},[25,35997,35538],{}," returns an ",[163,36000,36001],{},"enumerate object",[14,36003,36004,36005,36007],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[25,36006,5734],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[177,36009,36010],{},[180,36011,36012],{},[25,36013,36014],{},"(index, item)",[14,36016,36017],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36019,924],{},[18,36021,36023],{"className":20,"code":36022,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[25,36024,36025,36058,36062,36084],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36026,36027,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052,36054,36056],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36028,36029],{"class":34},"fruits ",[28,36031,39],{"class":38},[28,36033,3388],{"class":93},[28,36035,234],{"class":42},[28,36037,3849],{"class":46},[28,36039,234],{"class":42},[28,36041,2759],{"class":93},[28,36043,43],{"class":42},[28,36045,3858],{"class":46},[28,36047,234],{"class":42},[28,36049,2759],{"class":93},[28,36051,43],{"class":42},[28,36053,33012],{"class":46},[28,36055,234],{"class":42},[28,36057,3401],{"class":93},[28,36059,36060],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36061,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36063,36064,36066,36068,36070,36073,36075,36077,36079,36082],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36065,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36067,35610],{"class":34},[28,36069,2759],{"class":93},[28,36071,36072],{"class":34}," fruit ",[28,36074,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36076,35620],{"class":114},[28,36078,94],{"class":93},[28,36080,36081],{"class":120},"fruits",[28,36083,8118],{"class":93},[28,36085,36086,36088,36090,36092,36094,36097],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36087,7844],{"class":114},[28,36089,94],{"class":93},[28,36091,35635],{"class":120},[28,36093,2759],{"class":93},[28,36095,36096],{"class":120}," fruit",[28,36098,101],{"class":93},[14,36100,36101],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[18,36103,36105],{"className":20,"code":36104,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[25,36106,36107,36127,36131,36149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36108,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36110,3383],{"class":34},[28,36112,39],{"class":38},[28,36114,3388],{"class":93},[28,36116,2099],{"class":97},[28,36118,2759],{"class":93},[28,36120,7566],{"class":97},[28,36122,2759],{"class":93},[28,36124,7571],{"class":97},[28,36126,3401],{"class":93},[28,36128,36129],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36130,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36132,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145,36147],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36134,1999],{"class":34},[28,36136,39],{"class":38},[28,36138,22347],{"class":89},[28,36140,94],{"class":93},[28,36142,35832],{"class":114},[28,36144,94],{"class":93},[28,36146,3415],{"class":120},[28,36148,318],{"class":93},[28,36150,36151,36153,36155,36157],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36152,115],{"class":114},[28,36154,94],{"class":93},[28,36156,2033],{"class":120},[28,36158,101],{"class":93},[14,36160,336],{},[18,36162,36164],{"className":20,"code":36163,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[25,36165,36166],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36167,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36169,21527],{"class":93},[28,36171,1888],{"class":97},[28,36173,2759],{"class":93},[28,36175,5781],{"class":97},[28,36177,9012],{"class":93},[28,36179,9015],{"class":93},[28,36181,2756],{"class":97},[28,36183,2759],{"class":93},[28,36185,7566],{"class":97},[28,36187,9012],{"class":93},[28,36189,9015],{"class":93},[28,36191,1825],{"class":97},[28,36193,2759],{"class":93},[28,36195,7571],{"class":97},[28,36197,9028],{"class":93},[14,36199,36200,36201,36203],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[25,36202,35538],{}," produces.",[172,36205,4734,36207],{"id":36206},"when-to-use-enumerate",[25,36208,35538],{},[14,36210,1631,36211,36213],{},[25,36212,35538],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36215,36216],{},"Common cases:",[177,36218,36219,36222,36225,36228],{},[180,36220,36221],{},"printing numbered output",[180,36223,36224],{},"building menus",[180,36226,36227],{},"showing positions in a list",[180,36229,36230],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36232,924],{},[18,36234,36236],{"className":20,"code":36235,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[25,36237,36238,36273,36277,36307],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36239,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36251,36253,36255,36257,36260,36262,36264,36266,36269,36271],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36241,29687],{"class":34},[28,36243,39],{"class":38},[28,36245,3388],{"class":93},[28,36247,234],{"class":42},[28,36249,36250],{"class":46},"Wash dishes",[28,36252,234],{"class":42},[28,36254,2759],{"class":93},[28,36256,43],{"class":42},[28,36258,36259],{"class":46},"Study Python",[28,36261,234],{"class":42},[28,36263,2759],{"class":93},[28,36265,43],{"class":42},[28,36267,36268],{"class":46},"Go for a walk",[28,36270,234],{"class":42},[28,36272,3401],{"class":93},[28,36274,36275],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36276,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36278,36279,36281,36283,36285,36288,36290,36292,36294,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36280,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36282,1967],{"class":34},[28,36284,2759],{"class":93},[28,36286,36287],{"class":34}," task ",[28,36289,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36291,35620],{"class":114},[28,36293,94],{"class":93},[28,36295,36296],{"class":120},"tasks",[28,36298,2759],{"class":93},[28,36300,35841],{"class":8954},[28,36302,39],{"class":38},[28,36304,2756],{"class":97},[28,36306,8118],{"class":93},[28,36308,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36330,36332,36334],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36310,7844],{"class":114},[28,36312,94],{"class":93},[28,36314,22081],{"class":349},[28,36316,234],{"class":46},[28,36318,9057],{"class":97},[28,36320,331],{"class":120},[28,36322,22090],{"class":97},[28,36324,28103],{"class":46},[28,36326,9057],{"class":97},[28,36328,36329],{"class":120},"task",[28,36331,22090],{"class":97},[28,36333,234],{"class":46},[28,36335,101],{"class":93},[14,36337,336],{},[18,36339,36341],{"className":20,"code":36340,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[25,36342,36343,36355,36367],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36344,36345,36347,36349,36352],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36346,2756],{"class":97},[28,36348,385],{"class":93},[28,36350,36351],{"class":24538}," Wash",[28,36353,36354],{"class":34}," dishes\n",[28,36356,36357,36359,36361,36364],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36358,1825],{"class":97},[28,36360,385],{"class":93},[28,36362,36363],{"class":24538}," Study",[28,36365,36366],{"class":34}," Python\n",[28,36368,36369,36371,36373,36376,36378],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36370,1831],{"class":97},[28,36372,385],{"class":93},[28,36374,36375],{"class":24538}," Go",[28,36377,3645],{"class":3644},[28,36379,36380],{"class":34}," a walk\n",[14,36382,36383,36384,36386,36387,385],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[25,36385,35538],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[25,36388,36389],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36391,36392,36393,385],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[381,36394,36396,36397,36399],{"href":36395},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[25,36398,35538],{}," in Python",[172,36401,36403,36404,36406],{"id":36402},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[25,36405,35862],{}," argument",[14,36408,36409,36410,36412],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[25,36411,35862],{}," argument.",[14,36414,36415,36416,10871,36418,271],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[25,36417,2756],{},[25,36419,1888],{},[18,36421,36423],{"className":20,"code":36422,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[25,36424,36425,36457,36461,36489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36426,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36428,12860],{"class":34},[28,36430,39],{"class":38},[28,36432,3388],{"class":93},[28,36434,234],{"class":42},[28,36436,12877],{"class":46},[28,36438,234],{"class":42},[28,36440,2759],{"class":93},[28,36442,43],{"class":42},[28,36444,17242],{"class":46},[28,36446,234],{"class":42},[28,36448,2759],{"class":93},[28,36450,43],{"class":42},[28,36452,12894],{"class":46},[28,36454,234],{"class":42},[28,36456,3401],{"class":93},[28,36458,36459],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36460,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36462,36463,36465,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36464,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36466,35610],{"class":34},[28,36468,2759],{"class":93},[28,36470,35615],{"class":34},[28,36472,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36474,35620],{"class":114},[28,36476,94],{"class":93},[28,36478,17289],{"class":120},[28,36480,2759],{"class":93},[28,36482,35841],{"class":8954},[28,36484,39],{"class":38},[28,36486,2756],{"class":97},[28,36488,8118],{"class":93},[28,36490,36491,36493,36495,36497,36499,36501],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36492,7844],{"class":114},[28,36494,94],{"class":93},[28,36496,35635],{"class":120},[28,36498,2759],{"class":93},[28,36500,35640],{"class":120},[28,36502,101],{"class":93},[14,36504,336],{},[18,36506,36508],{"className":20,"code":36507,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[25,36509,36510,36516,36522],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36511,36512,36514],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36513,2756],{"class":97},[28,36515,35656],{"class":34},[28,36517,36518,36520],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36519,1825],{"class":97},[28,36521,35663],{"class":34},[28,36523,36524,36526],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36525,1831],{"class":97},[28,36527,35670],{"class":34},[14,36529,36530],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36532,36533],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[172,36535,25146],{"id":25145},[14,36537,25149,36538,385],{},[25,36539,35538],{},[1109,36541,36543],{"id":36542},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36545,36546],{},"In this loop:",[18,36548,36550],{"className":20,"code":36549,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[25,36551,36552,36572,36576,36596],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36553,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36555,3383],{"class":34},[28,36557,39],{"class":38},[28,36559,3388],{"class":93},[28,36561,2099],{"class":97},[28,36563,2759],{"class":93},[28,36565,7566],{"class":97},[28,36567,2759],{"class":93},[28,36569,7571],{"class":97},[28,36571,3401],{"class":93},[28,36573,36574],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36575,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36577,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36579,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36581,35610],{"class":34},[28,36583,2759],{"class":93},[28,36585,21372],{"class":34},[28,36587,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36589,35620],{"class":114},[28,36591,94],{"class":93},[28,36593,3415],{"class":120},[28,36595,8118],{"class":93},[28,36597,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36599,7844],{"class":114},[28,36601,94],{"class":93},[28,36603,35635],{"class":120},[28,36605,2759],{"class":93},[28,36607,8210],{"class":120},[28,36609,101],{"class":93},[177,36611,36612,36622],{},[180,36613,36614,4556,36616,1959,36618,1959,36620],{},[25,36615,35635],{},[25,36617,1888],{},[25,36619,2756],{},[25,36621,1825],{},[180,36623,36624,4556,36626,1959,36628,1959,36630],{},[25,36625,2242],{},[25,36627,2099],{},[25,36629,15539],{},[25,36631,36632],{},"30",[14,36634,36635],{},"These are different things.",[1109,36637,36639],{"id":36638},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36641,36642,36643,36645],{},"Each item from ",[25,36644,35538],{}," is a pair.",[14,36647,6463],{},[18,36649,36651],{"className":20,"code":36650,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[25,36652,36653,36677,36681,36701],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36654,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36656,7555],{"class":34},[28,36658,39],{"class":38},[28,36660,3388],{"class":93},[28,36662,234],{"class":42},[28,36664,1944],{"class":46},[28,36666,234],{"class":42},[28,36668,2759],{"class":93},[28,36670,43],{"class":42},[28,36672,11527],{"class":46},[28,36674,234],{"class":42},[28,36676,3401],{"class":93},[28,36678,36679],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36680,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36682,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36684,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36686,35919],{"class":34},[28,36688,2759],{"class":93},[28,36690,5737],{"class":34},[28,36692,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36694,35620],{"class":114},[28,36696,94],{"class":93},[28,36698,7586],{"class":120},[28,36700,8118],{"class":93},[28,36702,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36704,7844],{"class":114},[28,36706,94],{"class":93},[28,36708,35944],{"class":120},[28,36710,2759],{"class":93},[28,36712,29297],{"class":120},[28,36714,101],{"class":93},[14,36716,36717],{},"But this causes an error:",[18,36719,36721],{"className":20,"code":36720,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[25,36722,36723,36747,36751,36776],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36724,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36726,7555],{"class":34},[28,36728,39],{"class":38},[28,36730,3388],{"class":93},[28,36732,234],{"class":42},[28,36734,1944],{"class":46},[28,36736,234],{"class":42},[28,36738,2759],{"class":93},[28,36740,43],{"class":42},[28,36742,11527],{"class":46},[28,36744,234],{"class":42},[28,36746,3401],{"class":93},[28,36748,36749],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36750,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36752,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36754,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36756,35919],{"class":34},[28,36758,2759],{"class":93},[28,36760,29297],{"class":34},[28,36762,2759],{"class":93},[28,36764,36765],{"class":34}," extra ",[28,36767,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36769,35620],{"class":114},[28,36771,94],{"class":93},[28,36773,7586],{"class":120},[28,36775,8118],{"class":93},[28,36777,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36793],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36779,7844],{"class":114},[28,36781,94],{"class":93},[28,36783,35944],{"class":120},[28,36785,2759],{"class":93},[28,36787,29297],{"class":120},[28,36789,2759],{"class":93},[28,36791,36792],{"class":120}," extra",[28,36794,101],{"class":93},[14,36796,28851,36797,36799],{},[25,36798,35538],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1109,36801,36803,36805],{"id":36802},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[25,36804,35538],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36807,36808],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36810,36811],{},"Example with a string:",[18,36813,36815],{"className":20,"code":36814,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[25,36816,36817,36843],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36818,36819,36821,36823,36825,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36839,36841],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36820,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36822,35610],{"class":34},[28,36824,2759],{"class":93},[28,36826,36827],{"class":34}," char ",[28,36829,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36831,35620],{"class":114},[28,36833,94],{"class":93},[28,36835,234],{"class":42},[28,36837,36838],{"class":46},"cat",[28,36840,234],{"class":42},[28,36842,8118],{"class":93},[28,36844,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36856],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36846,7844],{"class":114},[28,36848,94],{"class":93},[28,36850,35635],{"class":120},[28,36852,2759],{"class":93},[28,36854,36855],{"class":120}," char",[28,36857,101],{"class":93},[14,36859,336],{},[18,36861,36863],{"className":20,"code":36862,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[25,36864,36865,36871,36877],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36866,36867,36869],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36868,1888],{"class":97},[28,36870,35979],{"class":34},[28,36872,36873,36875],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36874,2756],{"class":97},[28,36876,35965],{"class":34},[28,36878,36879,36881],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36880,1825],{"class":97},[28,36882,36883],{"class":34}," t\n",[14,36885,36886,36887,385],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[381,36888,4909],{"href":5362},[1109,36890,36892],{"id":36891},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36894,36895,36896,385],{},"You do not always need ",[25,36897,35538],{},[14,36899,36900,36901,36903],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[25,36902,5734],{}," loop:",[18,36905,36907],{"className":20,"code":36906,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[25,36908,36909,36941,36945,36957],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,36910,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,36912,12860],{"class":34},[28,36914,39],{"class":38},[28,36916,3388],{"class":93},[28,36918,234],{"class":42},[28,36920,12877],{"class":46},[28,36922,234],{"class":42},[28,36924,2759],{"class":93},[28,36926,43],{"class":42},[28,36928,17242],{"class":46},[28,36930,234],{"class":42},[28,36932,2759],{"class":93},[28,36934,43],{"class":42},[28,36936,12894],{"class":46},[28,36938,234],{"class":42},[28,36940,3401],{"class":93},[28,36942,36943],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,36944,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,36946,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,36948,5734],{"class":3644},[28,36950,35615],{"class":34},[28,36952,3651],{"class":3644},[28,36954,12908],{"class":34},[28,36956,6170],{"class":93},[28,36958,36959,36961,36963,36965],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,36960,7844],{"class":114},[28,36962,94],{"class":93},[28,36964,32682],{"class":120},[28,36966,101],{"class":93},[14,36968,36969],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[172,36971,1104],{"id":1103},[14,36973,36974],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[177,36976,36977,36982,36988,36993],{},[180,36978,22888,36979,36981],{},[25,36980,35538],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[180,36983,36984,36985,36987],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[25,36986,1888],{}," by default",[180,36989,8194,36990,36992],{},[25,36991,35538],{}," when only values are needed",[180,36994,36995,36996,8482,36998],{},"Confusing ",[25,36997,35538],{},[25,36999,35988],{},[14,37001,37002],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[18,37004,37006],{"className":20,"code":37005,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[25,37007,37008,37030,37057,37091,37124],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37009,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37011,115],{"class":114},[28,37013,94],{"class":93},[28,37015,35832],{"class":114},[28,37017,2753],{"class":93},[28,37019,2099],{"class":97},[28,37021,2759],{"class":93},[28,37023,7566],{"class":97},[28,37025,2759],{"class":93},[28,37027,7571],{"class":97},[28,37029,2769],{"class":93},[28,37031,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37033,115],{"class":114},[28,37035,94],{"class":93},[28,37037,7869],{"class":89},[28,37039,94],{"class":93},[28,37041,35832],{"class":114},[28,37043,2753],{"class":93},[28,37045,2099],{"class":97},[28,37047,2759],{"class":93},[28,37049,7566],{"class":97},[28,37051,2759],{"class":93},[28,37053,7571],{"class":97},[28,37055,37056],{"class":93},"])))\n",[28,37058,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37060,115],{"class":114},[28,37062,94],{"class":93},[28,37064,7869],{"class":89},[28,37066,94],{"class":93},[28,37068,35832],{"class":114},[28,37070,2753],{"class":93},[28,37072,2099],{"class":97},[28,37074,2759],{"class":93},[28,37076,7566],{"class":97},[28,37078,2759],{"class":93},[28,37080,7571],{"class":97},[28,37082,17849],{"class":93},[28,37084,35841],{"class":8954},[28,37086,39],{"class":38},[28,37088,2756],{"class":97},[28,37090,2679],{"class":93},[28,37092,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,37094,5734],{"class":3644},[28,37096,35919],{"class":34},[28,37098,2759],{"class":93},[28,37100,21372],{"class":34},[28,37102,3651],{"class":3644},[28,37104,35620],{"class":114},[28,37106,2753],{"class":93},[28,37108,358],{"class":42},[28,37110,381],{"class":46},[28,37112,358],{"class":42},[28,37114,2759],{"class":93},[28,37116,61],{"class":42},[28,37118,4533],{"class":46},[28,37120,358],{"class":42},[28,37122,37123],{"class":93},"]):\n",[28,37125,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,37127,7844],{"class":114},[28,37129,94],{"class":93},[28,37131,35944],{"class":120},[28,37133,2759],{"class":93},[28,37135,8210],{"class":120},[28,37137,101],{"class":93},[14,37139,16744],{},[18,37141,37143],{"className":20,"code":37142,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[25,37144,37145,37165,37197,37229,37235],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37146,37147,37149,37151,37153,37156,37160,37163],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37148,346],{"class":38},[28,37150,35832],{"class":114},[28,37152,24405],{"class":89},[28,37154,37155],{"class":34}," at ",[28,37157,37159],{"class":37158},"srjyR","0x",[28,37161,37162],{"class":1044},"...",[28,37164,361],{"class":38},[28,37166,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37168,21527],{"class":93},[28,37170,1888],{"class":97},[28,37172,2759],{"class":93},[28,37174,5781],{"class":97},[28,37176,9012],{"class":93},[28,37178,9015],{"class":93},[28,37180,2756],{"class":97},[28,37182,2759],{"class":93},[28,37184,7566],{"class":97},[28,37186,9012],{"class":93},[28,37188,9015],{"class":93},[28,37190,1825],{"class":97},[28,37192,2759],{"class":93},[28,37194,7571],{"class":97},[28,37196,9028],{"class":93},[28,37198,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37200,21527],{"class":93},[28,37202,2756],{"class":97},[28,37204,2759],{"class":93},[28,37206,5781],{"class":97},[28,37208,9012],{"class":93},[28,37210,9015],{"class":93},[28,37212,1825],{"class":97},[28,37214,2759],{"class":93},[28,37216,7566],{"class":97},[28,37218,9012],{"class":93},[28,37220,9015],{"class":93},[28,37222,1831],{"class":97},[28,37224,2759],{"class":93},[28,37226,7571],{"class":97},[28,37228,9028],{"class":93},[28,37230,37231,37233],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,37232,1888],{"class":97},[28,37234,35965],{"class":34},[28,37236,37237,37239],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,37238,2756],{"class":97},[28,37240,35972],{"class":34},[172,37242,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,37244,4915,37246,4918],{"id":37245},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[25,37247,35538],{},[14,37249,37250],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1109,37252,12487,37254,37256],{"id":37253},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[25,37255,35538],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37258,37259,37260,37262,37263,37266],{},"It starts at ",[25,37261,1888],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[25,37264,37265],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1109,37268,21208,37270,10871,37272,2262],{"id":37269},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[25,37271,35538],{},[25,37273,37274],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37276,36383,37277,37279],{},[25,37278,35538],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1109,37281,4943,37283,37285],{"id":37282},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[25,37284,35538],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37287,37288,37289,37291],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[25,37290,35538],{}," can return each character with its index.",[172,37293,1662],{"id":1661},[177,37295,37296,37300,37306,37313],{},[180,37297,37298],{},[381,37299,35818],{"href":35817},[180,37301,37302],{},[381,37303,858,37304,861],{"href":35985},[25,37305,35988],{},[180,37307,37308],{},[381,37309,37310,37311,36399],{"href":36395},"How to use ",[25,37312,35538],{},[180,37314,37315],{},[381,37316,4990],{"href":5362},[1699,37318,37319],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":37321},[37322,37323,37325,37326,37328,37330,37332,37339,37340,37350],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":35678,"depth":53,"text":37324},"What enumerate() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":35991,"depth":53,"text":37327},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36206,"depth":53,"text":37329},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36402,"depth":53,"text":37331},"Using the start argument",{"id":25145,"depth":53,"text":25146,"children":37333},[37334,37335,37336,37338],{"id":36542,"depth":70,"text":36543},{"id":36638,"depth":70,"text":36639},{"id":36802,"depth":70,"text":37337},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36891,"depth":70,"text":36892},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":37341},[37342,37344,37346,37348],{"id":37245,"depth":70,"text":37343},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37253,"depth":70,"text":37345},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37269,"depth":70,"text":37347},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37282,"depth":70,"text":37349},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35530,"description":37351},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37358,"title":37359,"body":37360,"description":39876,"extension":1730,"meta":39877,"navigation":107,"path":39878,"seo":39879,"stem":39880,"__hash__":39881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37361,"toc":39833},[37362,37368,37373,37376,37384,37398,37400,37491,37499,37504,37509,37511,37527,37529,37608,37610,37627,37633,37637,37639,37660,37664,37667,37679,37683,37686,37689,37706,37709,37785,37787,37804,37809,37813,37821,37824,37839,37841,37930,37932,37977,37980,37984,37987,38066,38068,38090,38093,38100,38105,38108,38211,38213,38238,38241,38248,38254,38259,38262,38273,38379,38381,38402,38410,38417,38423,38442,38447,38450,38469,38471,38556,38558,38587,38590,38595,38600,38603,38614,38616,38705,38707,38727,38733,38839,38841,38861,38864,38948,38950,38970,38977,38979,38983,38989,38992,39049,39052,39055,39116,39125,39128,39131,39159,39162,39222,39224,39241,39245,39248,39326,39328,39348,39351,39426,39430,39433,39435,39444,39449,39451,39502,39510,39522,39527,39588,39590,39607,39611,39674,39676,39701,39709,39711,39717,39723,39730,39738,39744,39747,39754,39764,39770,39776,39779,39796,39802,39804,39830],[10,37363,858,37365,3344],{"id":37364},"python-filter-function-explained",[25,37366,37367],{},"filter()",[14,37369,37370,37372],{},[25,37371,37367],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37374,37375],{},"It takes:",[177,37377,37378,37381],{},[180,37379,37380],{},"a function that checks each item",[180,37382,37383],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37385,37386,37387,37390,37391,37394,37395,37397],{},"The result is ",[163,37388,37389],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[25,37392,37393],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[25,37396,24569],{}," to see the values.",[172,37399,1771],{"id":1770},[18,37401,37403],{"className":20,"code":37402,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[25,37404,37405,37438,37474],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37406,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37436],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37408,3383],{"class":34},[28,37410,39],{"class":38},[28,37412,3388],{"class":93},[28,37414,2756],{"class":97},[28,37416,2759],{"class":93},[28,37418,2762],{"class":97},[28,37420,2759],{"class":93},[28,37422,2221],{"class":97},[28,37424,2759],{"class":93},[28,37426,2226],{"class":97},[28,37428,2759],{"class":93},[28,37430,4376],{"class":97},[28,37432,2759],{"class":93},[28,37434,37435],{"class":97}," 6",[28,37437,3401],{"class":93},[28,37439,37440,37442,37444,37447,37449,37452,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37441,1999],{"class":34},[28,37443,39],{"class":38},[28,37445,37446],{"class":114}," filter",[28,37448,94],{"class":93},[28,37450,37451],{"class":349},"lambda",[28,37453,37455],{"class":37454},"sFwrP"," x",[28,37457,271],{"class":93},[28,37459,3648],{"class":120},[28,37461,6180],{"class":38},[28,37463,2762],{"class":97},[28,37465,6185],{"class":38},[28,37467,3602],{"class":97},[28,37469,2759],{"class":93},[28,37471,4034],{"class":120},[28,37473,101],{"class":93},[28,37475,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37477,115],{"class":114},[28,37479,94],{"class":93},[28,37481,7869],{"class":89},[28,37483,94],{"class":93},[28,37485,2033],{"class":120},[28,37487,5136],{"class":93},[28,37489,37490],{"class":1006},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37492,37493,37495,37496,37498],{},[25,37494,37367],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[25,37497,24569],{}," to see the results.",[172,37500,3445,37502,3448],{"id":37501},"what-filter-does",[25,37503,37367],{},[14,37505,37506,37508],{},[25,37507,37367],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37510,1875],{},[177,37512,37513,37516,37522],{},[180,37514,37515],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[180,37517,37518,37519,37521],{},"if the test returns ",[25,37520,777],{},", the item is kept",[180,37523,37518,37524,37526],{},[25,37525,3441],{},", the item is removed",[14,37528,924],{},[18,37530,37532],{"className":20,"code":37531,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,37533,37534,37562,37566,37594],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37535,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37537,3383],{"class":34},[28,37539,39],{"class":38},[28,37541,3388],{"class":93},[28,37543,2756],{"class":97},[28,37545,2759],{"class":93},[28,37547,2762],{"class":97},[28,37549,2759],{"class":93},[28,37551,2221],{"class":97},[28,37553,2759],{"class":93},[28,37555,2226],{"class":97},[28,37557,2759],{"class":93},[28,37559,4376],{"class":97},[28,37561,3401],{"class":93},[28,37563,37564],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37565,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37569,1999],{"class":34},[28,37571,39],{"class":38},[28,37573,37446],{"class":114},[28,37575,94],{"class":93},[28,37577,37451],{"class":349},[28,37579,37455],{"class":37454},[28,37581,271],{"class":93},[28,37583,3648],{"class":120},[28,37585,4023],{"class":38},[28,37587,2221],{"class":97},[28,37589,2759],{"class":93},[28,37591,4034],{"class":120},[28,37593,101],{"class":93},[28,37595,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,37597,115],{"class":114},[28,37599,94],{"class":93},[28,37601,7869],{"class":89},[28,37603,94],{"class":93},[28,37605,2033],{"class":120},[28,37607,318],{"class":93},[14,37609,336],{},[18,37611,37613],{"className":20,"code":37612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[4, 5]\n",[25,37614,37615],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37616,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37618,3669],{"class":93},[28,37620,2275],{"class":97},[28,37622,2759],{"class":93},[28,37624,4376],{"class":97},[28,37626,3401],{"class":93},[14,37628,37629,37630,37632],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[25,37631,1831],{}," are kept.",[172,37634,37636],{"id":37635},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37638,1930],{},[18,37640,37642],{"className":20,"code":37641,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[25,37643,37644],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37645,37646,37648,37650,37653,37655,37658],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37647,37393],{"class":114},[28,37649,94],{"class":93},[28,37651,37652],{"class":120},"function",[28,37654,2759],{"class":93},[28,37656,37657],{"class":120}," iterable",[28,37659,101],{"class":93},[1109,37661,37662],{"id":37652},[25,37663,37652],{},[14,37665,37666],{},"This is the test function.",[177,37668,37669,37672],{},[180,37670,37671],{},"It receives one item at a time",[180,37673,37674,37675,474,37677],{},"It should return ",[25,37676,777],{},[25,37678,3441],{},[1109,37680,37681],{"id":3489},[25,37682,3489],{},[14,37684,37685],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37687,37688],{},"It can be:",[177,37690,37691,37694,37697,37700,37703],{},[180,37692,37693],{},"a list",[180,37695,37696],{},"a tuple",[180,37698,37699],{},"a string",[180,37701,37702],{},"a set",[180,37704,37705],{},"another iterable object",[14,37707,37708],{},"Example with a tuple:",[18,37710,37712],{"className":20,"code":37711,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,37713,37714,37739,37743,37771],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37715,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37717,3383],{"class":34},[28,37719,39],{"class":38},[28,37721,9015],{"class":93},[28,37723,2099],{"class":97},[28,37725,2759],{"class":93},[28,37727,37728],{"class":97}," 15",[28,37730,2759],{"class":93},[28,37732,7566],{"class":97},[28,37734,2759],{"class":93},[28,37736,9084],{"class":97},[28,37738,101],{"class":93},[28,37740,37741],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37742,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,37744,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37746,1999],{"class":34},[28,37748,39],{"class":38},[28,37750,37446],{"class":114},[28,37752,94],{"class":93},[28,37754,37451],{"class":349},[28,37756,37455],{"class":37454},[28,37758,271],{"class":93},[28,37760,3648],{"class":120},[28,37762,4871],{"class":38},[28,37764,7566],{"class":97},[28,37766,2759],{"class":93},[28,37768,4034],{"class":120},[28,37770,101],{"class":93},[28,37772,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,37774,115],{"class":114},[28,37776,94],{"class":93},[28,37778,7869],{"class":89},[28,37780,94],{"class":93},[28,37782,2033],{"class":120},[28,37784,318],{"class":93},[14,37786,336],{},[18,37788,37790],{"className":20,"code":37789,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[20, 25]\n",[25,37791,37792],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37793,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37795,3669],{"class":93},[28,37797,15539],{"class":97},[28,37799,2759],{"class":93},[28,37801,9084],{"class":97},[28,37803,3401],{"class":93},[14,37805,37806,37807,385],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[381,37808,4909],{"href":5362},[172,37810,37812],{"id":37811},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37814,37815,37816,21762,37818,385],{},"In Python 3, ",[25,37817,37367],{},[163,37819,37820],{},"filter object",[14,37822,37823],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[177,37825,37826,37829,37834],{},[180,37827,37828],{},"loop through it",[180,37830,37831,37832],{},"convert it with ",[25,37833,24569],{},[180,37835,37831,37836],{},[25,37837,37838],{},"tuple()",[14,37840,924],{},[18,37842,37844],{"className":20,"code":37843,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,37845,37846,37888,37892,37902,37916],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37847,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37849,1999],{"class":34},[28,37851,39],{"class":38},[28,37853,37446],{"class":114},[28,37855,94],{"class":93},[28,37857,37451],{"class":349},[28,37859,37455],{"class":37454},[28,37861,271],{"class":93},[28,37863,3648],{"class":120},[28,37865,4023],{"class":38},[28,37867,2762],{"class":97},[28,37869,2759],{"class":93},[28,37871,3388],{"class":93},[28,37873,2756],{"class":97},[28,37875,2759],{"class":93},[28,37877,2762],{"class":97},[28,37879,2759],{"class":93},[28,37881,2221],{"class":97},[28,37883,2759],{"class":93},[28,37885,2226],{"class":97},[28,37887,3657],{"class":93},[28,37889,37890],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37891,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,37893,37894,37896,37898,37900],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37895,115],{"class":114},[28,37897,94],{"class":93},[28,37899,2033],{"class":120},[28,37901,101],{"class":93},[28,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,37905,115],{"class":114},[28,37907,94],{"class":93},[28,37909,311],{"class":89},[28,37911,94],{"class":93},[28,37913,2033],{"class":120},[28,37915,318],{"class":93},[28,37917,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,37919,115],{"class":114},[28,37921,94],{"class":93},[28,37923,7869],{"class":89},[28,37925,94],{"class":93},[28,37927,2033],{"class":120},[28,37929,318],{"class":93},[14,37931,336],{},[18,37933,37935],{"className":20,"code":37934,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[25,37936,37937,37951,37965],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37938,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37940,346],{"class":38},[28,37942,37393],{"class":114},[28,37944,24405],{"class":89},[28,37946,37155],{"class":34},[28,37948,37162],{"class":1044},[28,37950,361],{"class":38},[28,37952,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,37954,346],{"class":38},[28,37956,350],{"class":349},[28,37958,61],{"class":42},[28,37960,37393],{"class":46},[28,37962,358],{"class":42},[28,37964,361],{"class":38},[28,37966,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,37968,3669],{"class":93},[28,37970,1831],{"class":97},[28,37972,2759],{"class":93},[28,37974,2226],{"class":97},[28,37976,3401],{"class":93},[14,37978,37979],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1109,37981,37983],{"id":37982},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,37985,37986],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[18,37988,37990],{"className":20,"code":37989,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,37991,37992,38034,38038,38052],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,37993,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,37995,1999],{"class":34},[28,37997,39],{"class":38},[28,37999,37446],{"class":114},[28,38001,94],{"class":93},[28,38003,37451],{"class":349},[28,38005,37455],{"class":37454},[28,38007,271],{"class":93},[28,38009,3648],{"class":120},[28,38011,4023],{"class":38},[28,38013,2762],{"class":97},[28,38015,2759],{"class":93},[28,38017,3388],{"class":93},[28,38019,2756],{"class":97},[28,38021,2759],{"class":93},[28,38023,2762],{"class":97},[28,38025,2759],{"class":93},[28,38027,2221],{"class":97},[28,38029,2759],{"class":93},[28,38031,2226],{"class":97},[28,38033,3657],{"class":93},[28,38035,38036],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38037,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38039,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38041,115],{"class":114},[28,38043,94],{"class":93},[28,38045,7869],{"class":89},[28,38047,94],{"class":93},[28,38049,2033],{"class":120},[28,38051,318],{"class":93},[28,38053,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38055,115],{"class":114},[28,38057,94],{"class":93},[28,38059,7869],{"class":89},[28,38061,94],{"class":93},[28,38063,2033],{"class":120},[28,38065,318],{"class":93},[14,38067,336],{},[18,38069,38071],{"className":20,"code":38070,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[25,38072,38073,38085],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38074,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38076,3669],{"class":93},[28,38078,1831],{"class":97},[28,38080,2759],{"class":93},[28,38082,2226],{"class":97},[28,38084,3401],{"class":93},[28,38086,38087],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38088,38089],{"class":93},"[]\n",[14,38091,38092],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[172,38094,8194,38096,8482,38098],{"id":38095},"using-filter-with-lambda",[25,38097,37367],{},[25,38099,37451],{},[14,38101,14973,38102,38104],{},[25,38103,37451],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38106,38107],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[18,38109,38111],{"className":20,"code":38110,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,38112,38113,38155,38159,38197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38114,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38151,38153],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38116,3840],{"class":34},[28,38118,39],{"class":38},[28,38120,3388],{"class":93},[28,38122,234],{"class":42},[28,38124,3849],{"class":46},[28,38126,234],{"class":42},[28,38128,2759],{"class":93},[28,38130,43],{"class":42},[28,38132,38133],{"class":46},"kiwi",[28,38135,234],{"class":42},[28,38137,2759],{"class":93},[28,38139,43],{"class":42},[28,38141,3858],{"class":46},[28,38143,234],{"class":42},[28,38145,2759],{"class":93},[28,38147,43],{"class":42},[28,38149,38150],{"class":46},"fig",[28,38152,234],{"class":42},[28,38154,3401],{"class":93},[28,38156,38157],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38158,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38160,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38174,38176,38179,38181,38184,38186,38189,38191,38193,38195],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38162,1999],{"class":34},[28,38164,39],{"class":38},[28,38166,37446],{"class":114},[28,38168,94],{"class":93},[28,38170,37451],{"class":349},[28,38172,38173],{"class":37454}," word",[28,38175,271],{"class":93},[28,38177,38178],{"class":114}," len",[28,38180,94],{"class":93},[28,38182,38183],{"class":120},"word",[28,38185,3428],{"class":93},[28,38187,38188],{"class":38}," >",[28,38190,2226],{"class":97},[28,38192,2759],{"class":93},[28,38194,5945],{"class":120},[28,38196,101],{"class":93},[28,38198,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38200,115],{"class":114},[28,38202,94],{"class":93},[28,38204,7869],{"class":89},[28,38206,94],{"class":93},[28,38208,2033],{"class":120},[28,38210,318],{"class":93},[14,38212,336],{},[18,38214,38216],{"className":20,"code":38215,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[25,38217,38218],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38219,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38221,3669],{"class":93},[28,38223,358],{"class":42},[28,38225,3849],{"class":46},[28,38227,358],{"class":42},[28,38229,2759],{"class":93},[28,38231,61],{"class":42},[28,38233,3858],{"class":46},[28,38235,358],{"class":42},[28,38237,3401],{"class":93},[14,38239,38240],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38242,38243,38244,385],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[381,38245,38247],{"href":38246},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[172,38249,8194,38251,38253],{"id":38250},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[25,38252,37367],{}," with a named function",[14,38255,38256,38257,385],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[25,38258,37451],{},[14,38260,38261],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[177,38263,38264,38267,38270],{},[180,38265,38266],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[180,38268,38269],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[180,38271,38272],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[18,38274,38276],{"className":20,"code":38275,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,38277,38278,38291,38306,38310,38342,38361,38365],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38279,38280,38282,38285,38287,38289],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38281,34641],{"class":349},[28,38283,38284],{"class":34644}," is_even",[28,38286,94],{"class":93},[28,38288,331],{"class":37454},[28,38290,8118],{"class":93},[28,38292,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38294,34652],{"class":3644},[28,38296,6163],{"class":34},[28,38298,6180],{"class":38},[28,38300,2762],{"class":97},[28,38302,6185],{"class":38},[28,38304,38305],{"class":97}," 0\n",[28,38307,38308],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38309,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38311,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38313,3383],{"class":34},[28,38315,39],{"class":38},[28,38317,3388],{"class":93},[28,38319,2756],{"class":97},[28,38321,2759],{"class":93},[28,38323,2762],{"class":97},[28,38325,2759],{"class":93},[28,38327,2221],{"class":97},[28,38329,2759],{"class":93},[28,38331,2226],{"class":97},[28,38333,2759],{"class":93},[28,38335,4376],{"class":97},[28,38337,2759],{"class":93},[28,38339,37435],{"class":97},[28,38341,3401],{"class":93},[28,38343,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38355,38357,38359],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,38345,1999],{"class":34},[28,38347,39],{"class":38},[28,38349,37446],{"class":114},[28,38351,94],{"class":93},[28,38353,38354],{"class":120},"is_even",[28,38356,2759],{"class":93},[28,38358,4034],{"class":120},[28,38360,101],{"class":93},[28,38362,38363],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,38364,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38366,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,38368,115],{"class":114},[28,38370,94],{"class":93},[28,38372,7869],{"class":89},[28,38374,94],{"class":93},[28,38376,2033],{"class":120},[28,38378,318],{"class":93},[14,38380,336],{},[18,38382,38384],{"className":20,"code":38383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[25,38385,38386],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38387,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38389,3669],{"class":93},[28,38391,1825],{"class":97},[28,38393,2759],{"class":93},[28,38395,2226],{"class":97},[28,38397,2759],{"class":93},[28,38399,37435],{"class":97},[28,38401,3401],{"class":93},[14,38403,20559,38404,2166,38407,38409],{},[25,38405,38406],{},"is_even()",[25,38408,777],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[172,38411,8194,38413,8482,38415],{"id":38412},"using-none-with-filter",[25,38414,3546],{},[25,38416,37367],{},[14,38418,38419,38420,38422],{},"You can pass ",[25,38421,3546],{}," as the first argument:",[18,38424,38426],{"className":20,"code":38425,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[25,38427,38428],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38429,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38431,37393],{"class":114},[28,38433,94],{"class":93},[28,38435,3546],{"class":776},[28,38437,2759],{"class":93},[28,38439,37657],{"class":120},[28,38441,101],{"class":93},[14,38443,38444,38445,7115],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[163,38446,5372],{},[14,38448,38449],{},"Falsy values include:",[177,38451,38452,38456,38461,38465],{},[180,38453,38454],{},[25,38455,1888],{},[180,38457,38458,38460],{},[25,38459,477],{}," (empty string)",[180,38462,38463],{},[25,38464,3546],{},[180,38466,38467],{},[25,38468,3441],{},[14,38470,924],{},[18,38472,38474],{"className":20,"code":38473,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,38475,38476,38520,38524,38542],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38477,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38479,7555],{"class":34},[28,38481,39],{"class":38},[28,38483,3388],{"class":93},[28,38485,1888],{"class":97},[28,38487,2759],{"class":93},[28,38489,5273],{"class":97},[28,38491,2759],{"class":93},[28,38493,5903],{"class":42},[28,38495,2759],{"class":93},[28,38497,43],{"class":42},[28,38499,238],{"class":46},[28,38501,234],{"class":42},[28,38503,2759],{"class":93},[28,38505,3620],{"class":776},[28,38507,2759],{"class":93},[28,38509,3685],{"class":776},[28,38511,2759],{"class":93},[28,38513,3676],{"class":776},[28,38515,2759],{"class":93},[28,38517,4376],{"class":97},[28,38519,3401],{"class":93},[28,38521,38522],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38523,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38525,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38527,1999],{"class":34},[28,38529,39],{"class":38},[28,38531,37446],{"class":114},[28,38533,94],{"class":93},[28,38535,3546],{"class":776},[28,38537,2759],{"class":93},[28,38539,5742],{"class":120},[28,38541,101],{"class":93},[28,38543,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38545,115],{"class":114},[28,38547,94],{"class":93},[28,38549,7869],{"class":89},[28,38551,94],{"class":93},[28,38553,2033],{"class":120},[28,38555,318],{"class":93},[14,38557,336],{},[18,38559,38561],{"className":20,"code":38560,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[25,38562,38563],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38564,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38566,3669],{"class":93},[28,38568,2756],{"class":97},[28,38570,2759],{"class":93},[28,38572,61],{"class":42},[28,38574,238],{"class":46},[28,38576,358],{"class":42},[28,38578,2759],{"class":93},[28,38580,3685],{"class":776},[28,38582,2759],{"class":93},[28,38584,4376],{"class":97},[28,38586,3401],{"class":93},[14,38588,38589],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[172,38591,4734,38593],{"id":38592},"when-to-use-filter",[25,38594,37367],{},[14,38596,1631,38597,38599],{},[25,38598,37367],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38601,38602],{},"It works well for:",[177,38604,38605,38608,38611],{},[180,38606,38607],{},"simple filtering rules",[180,38609,38610],{},"quick data cleaning",[180,38612,38613],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38615,924],{},[18,38617,38619],{"className":20,"code":38618,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[25,38620,38621,38653,38686,38690],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38622,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38624,3383],{"class":34},[28,38626,39],{"class":38},[28,38628,3388],{"class":93},[28,38630,2756],{"class":97},[28,38632,2759],{"class":93},[28,38634,2762],{"class":97},[28,38636,2759],{"class":93},[28,38638,2221],{"class":97},[28,38640,2759],{"class":93},[28,38642,2226],{"class":97},[28,38644,2759],{"class":93},[28,38646,4376],{"class":97},[28,38648,2759],{"class":93},[28,38650,37435],{"class":97},[28,38652,3401],{"class":93},[28,38654,38655,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38656,38657],{"class":34},"evens ",[28,38659,39],{"class":38},[28,38661,37446],{"class":114},[28,38663,94],{"class":93},[28,38665,37451],{"class":349},[28,38667,37455],{"class":37454},[28,38669,271],{"class":93},[28,38671,3648],{"class":120},[28,38673,6180],{"class":38},[28,38675,2762],{"class":97},[28,38677,6185],{"class":38},[28,38679,3602],{"class":97},[28,38681,2759],{"class":93},[28,38683,4034],{"class":120},[28,38685,101],{"class":93},[28,38687,38688],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38689,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38691,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38703],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38693,115],{"class":114},[28,38695,94],{"class":93},[28,38697,7869],{"class":89},[28,38699,94],{"class":93},[28,38701,38702],{"class":120},"evens",[28,38704,318],{"class":93},[14,38706,336],{},[18,38708,38709],{"className":20,"code":38383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,38710,38711],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38712,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38714,3669],{"class":93},[28,38716,1825],{"class":97},[28,38718,2759],{"class":93},[28,38720,2226],{"class":97},[28,38722,2759],{"class":93},[28,38724,37435],{"class":97},[28,38726,3401],{"class":93},[14,38728,38729,38730,38732],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[25,38731,5734],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[18,38734,38736],{"className":20,"code":38735,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[25,38737,38738,38770,38778,38782,38794,38810,38825,38829],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38739,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38741,3383],{"class":34},[28,38743,39],{"class":38},[28,38745,3388],{"class":93},[28,38747,2756],{"class":97},[28,38749,2759],{"class":93},[28,38751,2762],{"class":97},[28,38753,2759],{"class":93},[28,38755,2221],{"class":97},[28,38757,2759],{"class":93},[28,38759,2226],{"class":97},[28,38761,2759],{"class":93},[28,38763,4376],{"class":97},[28,38765,2759],{"class":93},[28,38767,37435],{"class":97},[28,38769,3401],{"class":93},[28,38771,38772,38774,38776],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38773,38657],{"class":34},[28,38775,39],{"class":38},[28,38777,7615],{"class":93},[28,38779,38780],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38781,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38785,5734],{"class":3644},[28,38787,6163],{"class":34},[28,38789,3651],{"class":3644},[28,38791,4034],{"class":34},[28,38793,6170],{"class":93},[28,38795,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,38797,6175],{"class":3644},[28,38799,6163],{"class":34},[28,38801,6180],{"class":38},[28,38803,2762],{"class":97},[28,38805,6185],{"class":38},[28,38807,3602],{"class":97},[28,38809,6170],{"class":93},[28,38811,38812,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,38813,38814],{"class":34},"        evens",[28,38816,385],{"class":93},[28,38818,13338],{"class":120},[28,38820,94],{"class":93},[28,38822,331],{"class":120},[28,38824,101],{"class":93},[28,38826,38827],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,38828,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38830,38831,38833,38835,38837],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,38832,115],{"class":114},[28,38834,94],{"class":93},[28,38836,38702],{"class":120},[28,38838,101],{"class":93},[14,38840,336],{},[18,38842,38843],{"className":20,"code":38383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,38844,38845],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38846,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38848,3669],{"class":93},[28,38850,1825],{"class":97},[28,38852,2759],{"class":93},[28,38854,2226],{"class":97},[28,38856,2759],{"class":93},[28,38858,37435],{"class":97},[28,38860,3401],{"class":93},[14,38862,38863],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[18,38865,38867],{"className":20,"code":38866,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[25,38868,38869,38901,38934,38938],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38870,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38872,3383],{"class":34},[28,38874,39],{"class":38},[28,38876,3388],{"class":93},[28,38878,2756],{"class":97},[28,38880,2759],{"class":93},[28,38882,2762],{"class":97},[28,38884,2759],{"class":93},[28,38886,2221],{"class":97},[28,38888,2759],{"class":93},[28,38890,2226],{"class":97},[28,38892,2759],{"class":93},[28,38894,4376],{"class":97},[28,38896,2759],{"class":93},[28,38898,37435],{"class":97},[28,38900,3401],{"class":93},[28,38902,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,38904,38657],{"class":34},[28,38906,39],{"class":38},[28,38908,3388],{"class":93},[28,38910,293],{"class":34},[28,38912,5734],{"class":3644},[28,38914,6163],{"class":34},[28,38916,3651],{"class":3644},[28,38918,38919],{"class":34}," numbers ",[28,38921,6773],{"class":3644},[28,38923,6163],{"class":34},[28,38925,6180],{"class":38},[28,38927,2762],{"class":97},[28,38929,6185],{"class":38},[28,38931,3602],{"class":97},[28,38933,3401],{"class":93},[28,38935,38936],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,38937,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,38939,38940,38942,38944,38946],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,38941,115],{"class":114},[28,38943,94],{"class":93},[28,38945,38702],{"class":120},[28,38947,101],{"class":93},[14,38949,336],{},[18,38951,38952],{"className":20,"code":38383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,38953,38954],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38955,38956,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,38957,3669],{"class":93},[28,38959,1825],{"class":97},[28,38961,2759],{"class":93},[28,38963,2226],{"class":97},[28,38965,2759],{"class":93},[28,38967,37435],{"class":97},[28,38969,3401],{"class":93},[14,38971,38972,38973,385],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[381,38974,38976],{"href":38975},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[172,38978,1104],{"id":1103},[14,38980,14519,38981,385],{},[25,38982,37367],{},[1109,38984,8230,38986,38988],{"id":38985},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[25,38987,37367],{}," to return a list",[14,38990,38991],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[18,38993,38995],{"className":20,"code":38994,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[25,38996,38997,39039],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,38998,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39000,1999],{"class":34},[28,39002,39],{"class":38},[28,39004,37446],{"class":114},[28,39006,94],{"class":93},[28,39008,37451],{"class":349},[28,39010,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39012,271],{"class":93},[28,39014,3648],{"class":120},[28,39016,4023],{"class":38},[28,39018,2762],{"class":97},[28,39020,2759],{"class":93},[28,39022,3388],{"class":93},[28,39024,2756],{"class":97},[28,39026,2759],{"class":93},[28,39028,2762],{"class":97},[28,39030,2759],{"class":93},[28,39032,2221],{"class":97},[28,39034,2759],{"class":93},[28,39036,2226],{"class":97},[28,39038,3657],{"class":93},[28,39040,39041,39043,39045,39047],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39042,115],{"class":114},[28,39044,94],{"class":93},[28,39046,2033],{"class":120},[28,39048,101],{"class":93},[14,39050,39051],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39053,39054],{},"Fix:",[18,39056,39058],{"className":20,"code":39057,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,39059,39060,39102],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39061,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39063,1999],{"class":34},[28,39065,39],{"class":38},[28,39067,37446],{"class":114},[28,39069,94],{"class":93},[28,39071,37451],{"class":349},[28,39073,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39075,271],{"class":93},[28,39077,3648],{"class":120},[28,39079,4023],{"class":38},[28,39081,2762],{"class":97},[28,39083,2759],{"class":93},[28,39085,3388],{"class":93},[28,39087,2756],{"class":97},[28,39089,2759],{"class":93},[28,39091,2762],{"class":97},[28,39093,2759],{"class":93},[28,39095,2221],{"class":97},[28,39097,2759],{"class":93},[28,39099,2226],{"class":97},[28,39101,3657],{"class":93},[28,39103,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39105,115],{"class":114},[28,39107,94],{"class":93},[28,39109,7869],{"class":89},[28,39111,94],{"class":93},[28,39113,2033],{"class":120},[28,39115,318],{"class":93},[1109,39117,39119,39120,474,39122,39124],{"id":39118},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[25,39121,777],{},[25,39123,3441],{}," clearly",[14,39126,39127],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39129,39130],{},"Good example:",[18,39132,39134],{"className":20,"code":39133,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[25,39135,39136,39149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39137,39138,39140,39143,39145,39147],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39139,34641],{"class":349},[28,39141,39142],{"class":34644}," is_positive",[28,39144,94],{"class":93},[28,39146,331],{"class":37454},[28,39148,8118],{"class":93},[28,39150,39151,39153,39155,39157],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39152,34652],{"class":3644},[28,39154,6163],{"class":34},[28,39156,4023],{"class":38},[28,39158,38305],{"class":97},[14,39160,39161],{},"Then use it with:",[18,39163,39165],{"className":20,"code":39164,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[25,39166,39167,39199],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39168,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39170,3383],{"class":34},[28,39172,39],{"class":38},[28,39174,3388],{"class":93},[28,39176,1790],{"class":38},[28,39178,1825],{"class":97},[28,39180,2759],{"class":93},[28,39182,1991],{"class":38},[28,39184,2756],{"class":97},[28,39186,2759],{"class":93},[28,39188,3602],{"class":97},[28,39190,2759],{"class":93},[28,39192,5273],{"class":97},[28,39194,2759],{"class":93},[28,39196,2762],{"class":97},[28,39198,3401],{"class":93},[28,39200,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39216,39218,39220],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39202,115],{"class":114},[28,39204,94],{"class":93},[28,39206,7869],{"class":89},[28,39208,94],{"class":93},[28,39210,37393],{"class":114},[28,39212,94],{"class":93},[28,39214,39215],{"class":120},"is_positive",[28,39217,2759],{"class":93},[28,39219,4034],{"class":120},[28,39221,2679],{"class":93},[14,39223,336],{},[18,39225,39227],{"className":20,"code":39226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2]\n",[25,39228,39229],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39230,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39232,3669],{"class":93},[28,39234,2756],{"class":97},[28,39236,2759],{"class":93},[28,39238,2762],{"class":97},[28,39240,3401],{"class":93},[1109,39242,39244],{"id":39243},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39246,39247],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[18,39249,39250],{"className":20,"code":37989,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,39251,39252,39294,39298,39312],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39253,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39255,1999],{"class":34},[28,39257,39],{"class":38},[28,39259,37446],{"class":114},[28,39261,94],{"class":93},[28,39263,37451],{"class":349},[28,39265,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39267,271],{"class":93},[28,39269,3648],{"class":120},[28,39271,4023],{"class":38},[28,39273,2762],{"class":97},[28,39275,2759],{"class":93},[28,39277,3388],{"class":93},[28,39279,2756],{"class":97},[28,39281,2759],{"class":93},[28,39283,2762],{"class":97},[28,39285,2759],{"class":93},[28,39287,2221],{"class":97},[28,39289,2759],{"class":93},[28,39291,2226],{"class":97},[28,39293,3657],{"class":93},[28,39295,39296],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39297,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,39299,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,39301,115],{"class":114},[28,39303,94],{"class":93},[28,39305,7869],{"class":89},[28,39307,94],{"class":93},[28,39309,2033],{"class":120},[28,39311,318],{"class":93},[28,39313,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,39315,115],{"class":114},[28,39317,94],{"class":93},[28,39319,7869],{"class":89},[28,39321,94],{"class":93},[28,39323,2033],{"class":120},[28,39325,318],{"class":93},[14,39327,336],{},[18,39329,39330],{"className":20,"code":38070,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,39331,39332,39344],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39333,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39335,3669],{"class":93},[28,39337,1831],{"class":97},[28,39339,2759],{"class":93},[28,39341,2226],{"class":97},[28,39343,3401],{"class":93},[28,39345,39346],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39347,38089],{"class":93},[14,39349,39350],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[18,39352,39354],{"className":20,"code":39353,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[25,39355,39356,39402,39406,39416],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39357,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39359,1999],{"class":34},[28,39361,39],{"class":38},[28,39363,22347],{"class":89},[28,39365,94],{"class":93},[28,39367,37393],{"class":114},[28,39369,94],{"class":93},[28,39371,37451],{"class":349},[28,39373,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39375,271],{"class":93},[28,39377,3648],{"class":120},[28,39379,4023],{"class":38},[28,39381,2762],{"class":97},[28,39383,2759],{"class":93},[28,39385,3388],{"class":93},[28,39387,2756],{"class":97},[28,39389,2759],{"class":93},[28,39391,2762],{"class":97},[28,39393,2759],{"class":93},[28,39395,2221],{"class":97},[28,39397,2759],{"class":93},[28,39399,2226],{"class":97},[28,39401,2769],{"class":93},[28,39403,39404],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39405,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,39407,39408,39410,39412,39414],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,39409,115],{"class":114},[28,39411,94],{"class":93},[28,39413,2033],{"class":120},[28,39415,101],{"class":93},[28,39417,39418,39420,39422,39424],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,39419,115],{"class":114},[28,39421,94],{"class":93},[28,39423,2033],{"class":120},[28,39425,101],{"class":93},[1109,39427,39429],{"id":39428},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39431,39432],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39434,16429],{},[18,39436,39438],{"className":20,"code":39437,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[25,39439,39440],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39441,39442],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39443,39437],{"class":1006},[14,39445,39446,39447,6326],{},"This causes an error because ",[25,39448,2099],{},[14,39450,16441],{},[18,39452,39454],{"className":20,"code":39453,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[25,39455,39456],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39457,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39459,115],{"class":114},[28,39461,94],{"class":93},[28,39463,7869],{"class":89},[28,39465,94],{"class":93},[28,39467,37393],{"class":114},[28,39469,94],{"class":93},[28,39471,37451],{"class":349},[28,39473,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39475,271],{"class":93},[28,39477,3648],{"class":120},[28,39479,4023],{"class":38},[28,39481,2762],{"class":97},[28,39483,2759],{"class":93},[28,39485,3388],{"class":93},[28,39487,2756],{"class":97},[28,39489,2759],{"class":93},[28,39491,2762],{"class":97},[28,39493,2759],{"class":93},[28,39495,2221],{"class":97},[28,39497,2759],{"class":93},[28,39499,2226],{"class":97},[28,39501,37056],{"class":93},[1109,39503,36995,39505,8482,39507],{"id":39504},"confusing-filter-with-map",[25,39506,37367],{},[25,39508,39509],{},"map()",[177,39511,39512,39517],{},[180,39513,39514,39516],{},[25,39515,37367],{}," keeps or removes items",[180,39518,39519,39521],{},[25,39520,39509],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39523,39524,39525,271],{},"Example of ",[25,39526,37367],{},[18,39528,39530],{"className":20,"code":39529,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[25,39531,39532,39556],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39533,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39535,3383],{"class":34},[28,39537,39],{"class":38},[28,39539,3388],{"class":93},[28,39541,2756],{"class":97},[28,39543,2759],{"class":93},[28,39545,2762],{"class":97},[28,39547,2759],{"class":93},[28,39549,2221],{"class":97},[28,39551,2759],{"class":93},[28,39553,2226],{"class":97},[28,39555,3401],{"class":93},[28,39557,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39559,115],{"class":114},[28,39561,94],{"class":93},[28,39563,7869],{"class":89},[28,39565,94],{"class":93},[28,39567,37393],{"class":114},[28,39569,94],{"class":93},[28,39571,37451],{"class":349},[28,39573,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39575,271],{"class":93},[28,39577,3648],{"class":120},[28,39579,4023],{"class":38},[28,39581,2762],{"class":97},[28,39583,2759],{"class":93},[28,39585,4034],{"class":120},[28,39587,2679],{"class":93},[14,39589,336],{},[18,39591,39593],{"className":20,"code":39592,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 4]\n",[25,39594,39595],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39596,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39598,3669],{"class":93},[28,39600,1831],{"class":97},[28,39602,2759],{"class":93},[28,39604,2226],{"class":97},[28,39606,3401],{"class":93},[14,39608,39524,39609,271],{},[25,39610,39509],{},[18,39612,39614],{"className":20,"code":39613,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[25,39615,39616,39640],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39617,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39619,3383],{"class":34},[28,39621,39],{"class":38},[28,39623,3388],{"class":93},[28,39625,2756],{"class":97},[28,39627,2759],{"class":93},[28,39629,2762],{"class":97},[28,39631,2759],{"class":93},[28,39633,2221],{"class":97},[28,39635,2759],{"class":93},[28,39637,2226],{"class":97},[28,39639,3401],{"class":93},[28,39641,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39666,39668,39670,39672],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39643,115],{"class":114},[28,39645,94],{"class":93},[28,39647,7869],{"class":89},[28,39649,94],{"class":93},[28,39651,39652],{"class":114},"map",[28,39654,94],{"class":93},[28,39656,37451],{"class":349},[28,39658,37455],{"class":37454},[28,39660,271],{"class":93},[28,39662,3648],{"class":120},[28,39664,39665],{"class":38},"*",[28,39667,2762],{"class":97},[28,39669,2759],{"class":93},[28,39671,4034],{"class":120},[28,39673,2679],{"class":93},[14,39675,336],{},[18,39677,39679],{"className":20,"code":39678,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[25,39680,39681],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39682,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39684,3669],{"class":93},[28,39686,1825],{"class":97},[28,39688,2759],{"class":93},[28,39690,2226],{"class":97},[28,39692,2759],{"class":93},[28,39694,37435],{"class":97},[28,39696,2759],{"class":93},[28,39698,6136],{"class":97},[28,39700,3401],{"class":93},[14,39702,39703,39704,385],{},"For the related function, see ",[381,39705,858,39707,861],{"href":39706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[25,39708,39509],{},[172,39710,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,39712,12487,39714,39716],{"id":39713},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[25,39715,37367],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39718,39719,39720,39722],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[25,39721,24569],{}," if needed.",[1109,39724,39726,39727,39729],{"id":39725},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[25,39728,37367],{}," need to return?",[14,39731,37674,39732,39734,39735,39737],{},[25,39733,777],{}," to keep an item and ",[25,39736,3441],{}," to remove it.",[1109,39739,28118,39741,39743],{"id":39740},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[25,39742,37367],{}," without lambda?",[14,39745,39746],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1109,39748,4915,39750,39753],{"id":39749},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[25,39751,39752],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39755,39756,39757,39759,39760,16858,39762,385],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[25,39758,1888],{},", empty strings, ",[25,39761,3546],{},[25,39763,3441],{},[1109,39765,21208,39767,39769],{"id":39766},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[25,39768,37367],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39771,39772,39773,39775],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[25,39774,5734],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39777,39778],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[177,39780,39781,39787,39793],{},[180,39782,39783,39784,39786],{},"use ",[25,39785,37367],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[180,39788,39789,39790,39792],{},"use a ",[25,39791,5734],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[180,39794,39795],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39797,39798,39799,385],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[381,39800,4905],{"href":39801},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[172,39803,1662],{"id":1661},[177,39805,39806,39811,39815,39820,39826],{},[180,39807,39808],{},[381,39809,39810],{"href":38246},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[180,39812,39813],{},[381,39814,4995],{"href":39801},[180,39816,39817],{},[381,39818,39819],{"href":38975},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[180,39821,39822],{},[381,39823,858,39824,861],{"href":39706},[25,39825,39509],{},[180,39827,39828],{},[381,39829,4990],{"href":5362},[1699,39831,39832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":39834},[39835,39836,39838,39842,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39863,39875],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":37501,"depth":53,"text":39837},"What filter() does",{"id":37635,"depth":53,"text":37636,"children":39839},[39840,39841],{"id":37652,"depth":70,"text":37652},{"id":3489,"depth":70,"text":3489},{"id":37811,"depth":53,"text":37812,"children":39843},[39844],{"id":37982,"depth":70,"text":37983},{"id":38095,"depth":53,"text":39846},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38250,"depth":53,"text":39848},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38412,"depth":53,"text":39850},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38592,"depth":53,"text":39852},"When to use filter()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":39854},[39855,39857,39859,39860,39861],{"id":38985,"depth":70,"text":39856},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39118,"depth":70,"text":39858},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39243,"depth":70,"text":39244},{"id":39428,"depth":70,"text":39429},{"id":39504,"depth":70,"text":39862},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":39864},[39865,39867,39869,39871,39873],{"id":39713,"depth":70,"text":39866},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39725,"depth":70,"text":39868},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39740,"depth":70,"text":39870},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39749,"depth":70,"text":39872},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39766,"depth":70,"text":39874},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37359,"description":39876},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39883,"title":39884,"body":39885,"description":42034,"extension":1730,"meta":42035,"navigation":107,"path":42036,"seo":42037,"stem":42038,"__hash__":42039},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39886,"toc":41988},[39887,39890,39895,39901,39903,39954,39956,39975,39980,39984,39989,39992,40007,40010,40032,40034,40083,40085,40109,40111,40113,40128,40133,40141,40156,40158,40167,40170,40205,40209,40214,40218,40225,40260,40262,40278,40282,40285,40326,40328,40342,40346,40349,40373,40375,40384,40388,40391,40424,40426,40439,40443,40449,40468,40470,40478,40482,40487,40491,40497,40520,40522,40551,40554,40573,40577,40580,40607,40609,40643,40647,40650,40674,40678,40689,40691,40696,40702,40704,40788,40790,40832,40835,40839,40846,40855,40911,40918,40927,40932,40936,41007,41009,41018,41022,41025,41069,41071,41080,41084,41090,41140,41144,41149,41153,41177,41179,41188,41192,41216,41218,41229,41233,41257,41259,41268,41271,41288,41294,41298,41304,41307,41312,41315,41336,41338,41370,41373,41378,41380,41391,41393,41437,41441,41448,41500,41502,41511,41515,41518,41610,41613,41637,41641,41644,41736,41741,41745,41752,41757,41781,41783,41792,41797,41820,41822,41830,41837,41860,41868,41870,41883,41893,41895,41899,41906,41910,41918,41922,41929,41933,41937,41941,41954,41956,41985],[10,39888,39884],{"id":39889},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39891,8901,39892,39894],{},[25,39893,2651],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39896,39897,39898,39900],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[25,39899,2651],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[172,39902,1771],{"id":1770},[18,39904,39906],{"className":20,"code":39905,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[25,39907,39908,39922,39940],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39909,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39911,115],{"class":114},[28,39913,94],{"class":93},[28,39915,1962],{"class":89},[28,39917,94],{"class":93},[28,39919,1905],{"class":97},[28,39921,318],{"class":93},[28,39923,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39925,115],{"class":114},[28,39927,94],{"class":93},[28,39929,1962],{"class":89},[28,39931,94],{"class":93},[28,39933,234],{"class":42},[28,39935,792],{"class":46},[28,39937,234],{"class":42},[28,39939,318],{"class":93},[28,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,39943,115],{"class":114},[28,39945,94],{"class":93},[28,39947,1962],{"class":89},[28,39949,94],{"class":93},[28,39951,777],{"class":776},[28,39953,318],{"class":93},[14,39955,336],{},[18,39957,39959],{"className":20,"code":39958,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[25,39960,39961,39965,39970],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,39962,39963],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,39964,2249],{"class":97},[28,39966,39967],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,39968,39969],{"class":97},"3.14\n",[28,39971,39972],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,39973,39974],{"class":97},"1.0\n",[14,39976,1631,39977,39979],{},[25,39978,2651],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[172,39981,39983],{"id":39982},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,39985,39986,39988],{},[25,39987,2651],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,39990,39991],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[177,39993,39994,39998,40002],{},[180,39995,39996],{},[25,39997,2261],{},[180,39999,40000],{},[25,40001,792],{},[180,40003,40004],{},[25,40005,40006],{},"0.5",[14,40008,40009],{},"A few key points:",[177,40011,40012,40019,40022,40025],{},[180,40013,40014,40016,40017],{},[25,40015,2651],{}," returns a value of type ",[25,40018,1962],{},[180,40020,40021],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[180,40023,40024],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[180,40026,40027,40028],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[381,40029,40030],{"href":7995},[25,40031,2725],{},[14,40033,924],{},[18,40035,40037],{"className":20,"code":40036,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[25,40038,40039,40059,40069],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40040,40041,40043,40045,40048,40050,40052,40055,40057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40042,293],{"class":34},[28,40044,39],{"class":38},[28,40046,40047],{"class":89}," float",[28,40049,94],{"class":93},[28,40051,234],{"class":42},[28,40053,40054],{"class":46},"2.75",[28,40056,234],{"class":42},[28,40058,101],{"class":93},[28,40060,40061,40063,40065,40067],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40062,115],{"class":114},[28,40064,94],{"class":93},[28,40066,331],{"class":120},[28,40068,101],{"class":93},[28,40070,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,40072,115],{"class":114},[28,40074,94],{"class":93},[28,40076,311],{"class":89},[28,40078,94],{"class":93},[28,40080,331],{"class":120},[28,40082,318],{"class":93},[14,40084,336],{},[18,40086,40088],{"className":20,"code":40087,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[25,40089,40090,40095],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40091,40092],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40093,40094],{"class":97},"2.75\n",[28,40096,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40098,346],{"class":38},[28,40100,350],{"class":349},[28,40102,61],{"class":42},[28,40104,1962],{"class":46},[28,40106,358],{"class":42},[28,40108,361],{"class":38},[172,40110,1927],{"id":1926},[14,40112,6994],{},[18,40114,40116],{"className":20,"code":40115,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"float(value)\n",[25,40117,40118],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40119,40120,40122,40124,40126],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40121,1962],{"class":89},[28,40123,94],{"class":93},[28,40125,2242],{"class":120},[28,40127,101],{"class":93},[14,40129,40130,40131,385],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[25,40132,2651],{},[14,40134,40135,40136,40138,40139,271],{},"If you call ",[25,40137,2651],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[25,40140,3537],{},[18,40142,40144],{"className":20,"code":40143,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float())\n",[25,40145,40146],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40147,40148,40150,40152,40154],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40149,115],{"class":114},[28,40151,94],{"class":93},[28,40153,1962],{"class":89},[28,40155,6970],{"class":93},[14,40157,336],{},[18,40159,40161],{"className":20,"code":40160,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0.0\n",[25,40162,40163],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40164,40165],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40166,40160],{"class":97},[14,40168,40169],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[18,40171,40173],{"className":20,"code":40172,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[25,40174,40175,40195],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40176,40177,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188,40191,40193],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40178,40179],{"class":34},"price ",[28,40181,39],{"class":38},[28,40183,40047],{"class":89},[28,40185,94],{"class":93},[28,40187,234],{"class":42},[28,40189,40190],{"class":46},"19.99",[28,40192,234],{"class":42},[28,40194,101],{"class":93},[28,40196,40197,40199,40201,40203],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40198,115],{"class":114},[28,40200,94],{"class":93},[28,40202,24938],{"class":120},[28,40204,101],{"class":93},[172,40206,40208],{"id":40207},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40210,40211,40213],{},[25,40212,2651],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1109,40215,40217],{"id":40216},"integers","Integers",[14,40219,40220,40221,40224],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[25,40222,40223],{},".0"," added:",[18,40226,40228],{"className":20,"code":40227,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[25,40229,40230,40244],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40231,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40233,115],{"class":114},[28,40235,94],{"class":93},[28,40237,1962],{"class":89},[28,40239,94],{"class":93},[28,40241,1905],{"class":97},[28,40243,318],{"class":93},[28,40245,40246,40248,40250,40252,40254,40256,40258],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40247,115],{"class":114},[28,40249,94],{"class":93},[28,40251,1962],{"class":89},[28,40253,94],{"class":93},[28,40255,1790],{"class":38},[28,40257,1825],{"class":97},[28,40259,318],{"class":93},[14,40261,336],{},[18,40263,40265],{"className":20,"code":40264,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[25,40266,40267,40271],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40268,40269],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40270,2249],{"class":97},[28,40272,40273,40275],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40274,1790],{"class":38},[28,40276,40277],{"class":97},"2.0\n",[1109,40279,40281],{"id":40280},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40283,40284],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[18,40286,40288],{"className":20,"code":40287,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[25,40289,40290,40308],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40291,40292,40294,40296,40298,40300,40302,40304,40306],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40293,115],{"class":114},[28,40295,94],{"class":93},[28,40297,1962],{"class":89},[28,40299,94],{"class":93},[28,40301,234],{"class":42},[28,40303,792],{"class":46},[28,40305,234],{"class":42},[28,40307,318],{"class":93},[28,40309,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40311,115],{"class":114},[28,40313,94],{"class":93},[28,40315,1962],{"class":89},[28,40317,94],{"class":93},[28,40319,234],{"class":42},[28,40321,2099],{"class":46},[28,40323,234],{"class":42},[28,40325,318],{"class":93},[14,40327,336],{},[18,40329,40331],{"className":20,"code":40330,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3.14\n10.0\n",[25,40332,40333,40337],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40334,40335],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40336,39969],{"class":97},[28,40338,40339],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40340,40341],{"class":97},"10.0\n",[1109,40343,40345],{"id":40344},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40347,40348],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[18,40350,40352],{"className":20,"code":40351,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[25,40353,40354],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40355,40356,40358,40360,40362,40364,40366,40369,40371],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40357,115],{"class":114},[28,40359,94],{"class":93},[28,40361,1962],{"class":89},[28,40363,94],{"class":93},[28,40365,234],{"class":42},[28,40367,40368],{"class":46},"  8.5  ",[28,40370,234],{"class":42},[28,40372,318],{"class":93},[14,40374,336],{},[18,40376,40378],{"className":20,"code":40377,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"8.5\n",[25,40379,40380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40381,40382],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40383,40377],{"class":97},[1109,40385,40387],{"id":40386},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40389,40390],{},"Boolean values also work:",[18,40392,40394],{"className":20,"code":40393,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[25,40395,40396,40410],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40397,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406,40408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40399,115],{"class":114},[28,40401,94],{"class":93},[28,40403,1962],{"class":89},[28,40405,94],{"class":93},[28,40407,777],{"class":776},[28,40409,318],{"class":93},[28,40411,40412,40414,40416,40418,40420,40422],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40413,115],{"class":114},[28,40415,94],{"class":93},[28,40417,1962],{"class":89},[28,40419,94],{"class":93},[28,40421,3441],{"class":776},[28,40423,318],{"class":93},[14,40425,336],{},[18,40427,40429],{"className":20,"code":40428,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1.0\n0.0\n",[25,40430,40431,40435],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40432,40433],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40434,39974],{"class":97},[28,40436,40437],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40438,40160],{"class":97},[1109,40440,40442],{"id":40441},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40444,40445,40446,40448],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[25,40447,2651],{}," returns a float version of it:",[18,40450,40452],{"className":20,"code":40451,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(4.2))\n",[25,40453,40454],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40455,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40457,115],{"class":114},[28,40459,94],{"class":93},[28,40461,1962],{"class":89},[28,40463,94],{"class":93},[28,40465,2131],{"class":97},[28,40467,318],{"class":93},[14,40469,336],{},[18,40471,40472],{"className":20,"code":2155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,40473,40474],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40475,40476],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40477,2155],{"class":97},[172,40479,40481],{"id":40480},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40483,40484,40485,385],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[25,40486,2651],{},[1109,40488,40490],{"id":40489},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40492,40493,40494,271],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[25,40495,40496],{},"ValueError",[18,40498,40500],{"className":20,"code":40499,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[25,40501,40502],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40503,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514,40516,40518],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40505,115],{"class":114},[28,40507,94],{"class":93},[28,40509,1962],{"class":89},[28,40511,94],{"class":93},[28,40513,234],{"class":42},[28,40515,238],{"class":46},[28,40517,234],{"class":42},[28,40519,318],{"class":93},[14,40521,29471],{},[18,40523,40525],{"className":20,"code":40524,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[25,40526,40527],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40528,40529,40531,40533,40536,40538,40541,40543,40545,40547,40549],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40530,40496],{"class":89},[28,40532,271],{"class":93},[28,40534,40535],{"class":34}," could ",[28,40537,4402],{"class":38},[28,40539,40540],{"class":34}," convert string to ",[28,40542,1962],{"class":89},[28,40544,271],{"class":93},[28,40546,61],{"class":42},[28,40548,238],{"class":46},[28,40550,67],{"class":42},[14,40552,40553],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[18,40555,40557],{"className":20,"code":40556,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[25,40558,40559],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40560,40561,40563,40565,40567,40569,40571],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40562,115],{"class":114},[28,40564,94],{"class":93},[28,40566,1962],{"class":89},[28,40568,94],{"class":93},[28,40570,473],{"class":42},[28,40572,318],{"class":93},[1109,40574,40576],{"id":40575},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40578,40579],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[18,40581,40583],{"className":20,"code":40582,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[25,40584,40585],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40586,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40588,115],{"class":114},[28,40590,94],{"class":93},[28,40592,1962],{"class":89},[28,40594,2753],{"class":93},[28,40596,2756],{"class":97},[28,40598,2759],{"class":93},[28,40600,2762],{"class":97},[28,40602,2759],{"class":93},[28,40604,2221],{"class":97},[28,40606,2769],{"class":93},[14,40608,29471],{},[18,40610,40612],{"className":20,"code":40611,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[25,40613,40614],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40615,40616,40618,40620,40622,40624,40627,40630,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40617,2775],{"class":89},[28,40619,271],{"class":93},[28,40621,40047],{"class":89},[28,40623,7141],{"class":93},[28,40625,40626],{"class":34}," argument must be a string ",[28,40628,40629],{"class":38},"or",[28,40631,40632],{"class":34}," a real number",[28,40634,2759],{"class":93},[28,40636,7875],{"class":38},[28,40638,61],{"class":42},[28,40640,7869],{"class":46},[28,40642,67],{"class":42},[1109,40644,40646],{"id":40645},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40648,40649],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[18,40651,40653],{"className":20,"code":40652,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[25,40654,40655],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40656,40657,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667,40670,40672],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40658,115],{"class":114},[28,40660,94],{"class":93},[28,40662,1962],{"class":89},[28,40664,94],{"class":93},[28,40666,234],{"class":42},[28,40668,40669],{"class":46},"3,14",[28,40671,234],{"class":42},[28,40673,318],{"class":93},[14,40675,2772,40676,385],{},[25,40677,40496],{},[14,40679,40680,40681,1323,40685,385],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[381,40682,40684],{"href":40683},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[381,40686,40688],{"href":40687},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[172,40690,17205],{"id":17204},[14,40692,40693,40695],{},[25,40694,2651],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40697,40698,40699,40701],{},"It does ",[163,40700,4402],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40703,924],{},[18,40705,40707],{"className":20,"code":40706,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[25,40708,40709,40722,40736,40740,40750,40760,40774],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40710,40711,40713,40715,40717,40720],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40712,84],{"class":34},[28,40714,39],{"class":38},[28,40716,43],{"class":42},[28,40718,40719],{"class":46},"6.5",[28,40721,50],{"class":42},[28,40723,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40725,293],{"class":34},[28,40727,39],{"class":38},[28,40729,40047],{"class":89},[28,40731,94],{"class":93},[28,40733,157],{"class":120},[28,40735,101],{"class":93},[28,40737,40738],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,40739,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,40741,40742,40744,40746,40748],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,40743,115],{"class":114},[28,40745,94],{"class":93},[28,40747,157],{"class":120},[28,40749,101],{"class":93},[28,40751,40752,40754,40756,40758],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,40753,115],{"class":114},[28,40755,94],{"class":93},[28,40757,331],{"class":120},[28,40759,101],{"class":93},[28,40761,40762,40764,40766,40768,40770,40772],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,40763,115],{"class":114},[28,40765,94],{"class":93},[28,40767,311],{"class":89},[28,40769,94],{"class":93},[28,40771,157],{"class":120},[28,40773,318],{"class":93},[28,40775,40776,40778,40780,40782,40784,40786],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,40777,115],{"class":114},[28,40779,94],{"class":93},[28,40781,311],{"class":89},[28,40783,94],{"class":93},[28,40785,331],{"class":120},[28,40787,318],{"class":93},[14,40789,336],{},[18,40791,40793],{"className":20,"code":40792,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[25,40794,40795,40800,40804,40818],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40796,40797],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40798,40799],{"class":97},"6.5\n",[28,40801,40802],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40803,40799],{"class":97},[28,40805,40806,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,40807,346],{"class":38},[28,40809,350],{"class":349},[28,40811,61],{"class":42},[28,40813,355],{"class":46},[28,40815,358],{"class":42},[28,40817,361],{"class":38},[28,40819,40820,40822,40824,40826,40828,40830],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,40821,346],{"class":38},[28,40823,350],{"class":349},[28,40825,61],{"class":42},[28,40827,1962],{"class":46},[28,40829,358],{"class":42},[28,40831,361],{"class":38},[14,40833,40834],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[172,40836,40838],{"id":40837},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1109,40840,40842,40843,40845],{"id":40841},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[25,40844,2725],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40847,679,40848,40852,40853,385],{},[381,40849,40850,2071],{"href":7995},[25,40851,2725],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[25,40854,2651],{},[18,40856,40858],{"className":20,"code":40857,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[25,40859,40860,40879,40893,40897],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40861,40862,40864,40866,40868,40870,40872,40875,40877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40863,8013],{"class":34},[28,40865,39],{"class":38},[28,40867,8018],{"class":114},[28,40869,94],{"class":93},[28,40871,234],{"class":42},[28,40873,40874],{"class":46},"Enter a price: ",[28,40876,234],{"class":42},[28,40878,101],{"class":93},[28,40880,40881,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40882,40179],{"class":34},[28,40884,39],{"class":38},[28,40886,40047],{"class":89},[28,40888,94],{"class":93},[28,40890,8042],{"class":120},[28,40892,101],{"class":93},[28,40894,40895],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,40896,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,40898,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,40900,115],{"class":114},[28,40902,94],{"class":93},[28,40904,40179],{"class":120},[28,40906,39665],{"class":38},[28,40908,2762],{"class":97},[28,40910,101],{"class":93},[14,40912,40913,40914,40917],{},"If the user enters ",[25,40915,40916],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[18,40919,40921],{"className":20,"code":40920,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"9.0\n",[25,40922,40923],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40924,40925],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40926,40920],{"class":97},[14,40928,40929,40930,385],{},"For more help with this, see ",[381,40931,8759],{"href":8758},[1109,40933,40935],{"id":40934},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[18,40937,40939],{"className":20,"code":40938,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[25,40940,40941,40954,40967,40971,40996],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,40942,40943,40945,40947,40949,40952],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,40944,885],{"class":34},[28,40946,39],{"class":38},[28,40948,43],{"class":42},[28,40950,40951],{"class":46},"2.5",[28,40953,50],{"class":42},[28,40955,40956,40958,40960,40962,40965],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,40957,899],{"class":34},[28,40959,39],{"class":38},[28,40961,43],{"class":42},[28,40963,40964],{"class":46},"1.5",[28,40966,50],{"class":42},[28,40968,40969],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,40970,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,40972,40973,40976,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992,40994],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,40974,40975],{"class":34},"total ",[28,40977,39],{"class":38},[28,40979,40047],{"class":89},[28,40981,94],{"class":93},[28,40983,381],{"class":120},[28,40985,3428],{"class":93},[28,40987,828],{"class":38},[28,40989,40047],{"class":89},[28,40991,94],{"class":93},[28,40993,4533],{"class":120},[28,40995,101],{"class":93},[28,40997,40998,41000,41002,41005],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,40999,115],{"class":114},[28,41001,94],{"class":93},[28,41003,41004],{"class":120},"total",[28,41006,101],{"class":93},[14,41008,336],{},[18,41010,41012],{"className":20,"code":41011,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"4.0\n",[25,41013,41014],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41015,41016],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41017,41011],{"class":97},[1109,41019,41021],{"id":41020},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41023,41024],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[18,41026,41028],{"className":20,"code":41027,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,41029,41030,41040,41055,41059],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41031,41032,41035,41037],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41033,41034],{"class":34},"count ",[28,41036,39],{"class":38},[28,41038,41039],{"class":97}," 7\n",[28,41041,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050,41053],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41043,1999],{"class":34},[28,41045,39],{"class":38},[28,41047,40047],{"class":89},[28,41049,94],{"class":93},[28,41051,41052],{"class":120},"count",[28,41054,101],{"class":93},[28,41056,41057],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,41058,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,41060,41061,41063,41065,41067],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,41062,115],{"class":114},[28,41064,94],{"class":93},[28,41066,2033],{"class":120},[28,41068,101],{"class":93},[14,41070,336],{},[18,41072,41074],{"className":20,"code":41073,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"7.0\n",[25,41075,41076],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41077,41078],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41079,41073],{"class":97},[1109,41081,41083],{"id":41082},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41085,41086,41087,41089],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[25,41088,2651],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[18,41091,41093],{"className":20,"code":41092,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[25,41094,41095,41109,41125,41129],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41096,41097,41100,41102,41104,41107],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41098,41099],{"class":34},"temperature_text ",[28,41101,39],{"class":38},[28,41103,43],{"class":42},[28,41105,41106],{"class":46},"21.8",[28,41108,50],{"class":42},[28,41110,41111,41114,41116,41118,41120,41123],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41112,41113],{"class":34},"temperature ",[28,41115,39],{"class":38},[28,41117,40047],{"class":89},[28,41119,94],{"class":93},[28,41121,41122],{"class":120},"temperature_text",[28,41124,101],{"class":93},[28,41126,41127],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,41128,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,41130,41131,41133,41135,41138],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,41132,115],{"class":114},[28,41134,94],{"class":93},[28,41136,41137],{"class":120},"temperature",[28,41139,101],{"class":93},[172,41141,41143],{"id":41142},"special-values","Special values",[14,41145,41146,41148],{},[25,41147,2651],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1109,41150,41152],{"id":41151},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[18,41154,41156],{"className":20,"code":41155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[25,41157,41158],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41159,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41173,41175],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41161,115],{"class":114},[28,41163,94],{"class":93},[28,41165,1962],{"class":89},[28,41167,94],{"class":93},[28,41169,234],{"class":42},[28,41171,41172],{"class":46},"inf",[28,41174,234],{"class":42},[28,41176,318],{"class":93},[14,41178,336],{},[18,41180,41182],{"className":20,"code":41181,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"inf\n",[25,41183,41184],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41185,41186],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41187,41181],{"class":34},[1109,41189,41191],{"id":41190},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[18,41193,41195],{"className":20,"code":41194,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[25,41196,41197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41198,41199,41201,41203,41205,41207,41209,41212,41214],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41200,115],{"class":114},[28,41202,94],{"class":93},[28,41204,1962],{"class":89},[28,41206,94],{"class":93},[28,41208,234],{"class":42},[28,41210,41211],{"class":46},"-inf",[28,41213,234],{"class":42},[28,41215,318],{"class":93},[14,41217,336],{},[18,41219,41221],{"className":20,"code":41220,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"-inf\n",[25,41222,41223],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41224,41225,41227],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41226,1790],{"class":38},[28,41228,41181],{"class":34},[1109,41230,41232],{"id":41231},"not-a-number","Not a number",[18,41234,41236],{"className":20,"code":41235,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[25,41237,41238],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41239,41240,41242,41244,41246,41248,41250,41253,41255],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41241,115],{"class":114},[28,41243,94],{"class":93},[28,41245,1962],{"class":89},[28,41247,94],{"class":93},[28,41249,234],{"class":42},[28,41251,41252],{"class":46},"nan",[28,41254,234],{"class":42},[28,41256,318],{"class":93},[14,41258,336],{},[18,41260,41262],{"className":20,"code":41261,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"nan\n",[25,41263,41264],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41265,41266],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41267,41261],{"class":34},[14,41269,41270],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[177,41272,41273,41278,41283],{},[180,41274,41275,41277],{},[25,41276,41172],{}," means positive infinity",[180,41279,41280,41282],{},[25,41281,41211],{}," means negative infinity",[180,41284,41285,41287],{},[25,41286,41252],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41289,41290,41291,41293],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[25,41292,2651],{}," accepts them.",[172,41295,41297],{"id":41296},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41299,41300,41301,41303],{},"The most common problems with ",[25,41302,2651],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1109,41305,40496],{"id":41306},"valueerror",[14,41308,14973,41309,41311],{},[25,41310,40496],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41313,41314],{},"Common causes:",[177,41316,41317,41323,41326,41329],{},[180,41318,41319,41320],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[25,41321,41322],{},"\"abc\"",[180,41324,41325],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[180,41327,41328],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[180,41330,4476,41331],{},[381,41332,41333,41335],{"href":7995},[25,41334,2725],{}," returns a string",[14,41337,924],{},[18,41339,41341],{"className":20,"code":41340,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[25,41342,41343,41356],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41344,41345,41347,41349,41351,41354],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41346,2216],{"class":34},[28,41348,39],{"class":38},[28,41350,43],{"class":42},[28,41352,41353],{"class":46},"abc",[28,41355,50],{"class":42},[28,41357,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366,41368],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41359,115],{"class":114},[28,41361,94],{"class":93},[28,41363,1962],{"class":89},[28,41365,94],{"class":93},[28,41367,2242],{"class":120},[28,41369,318],{"class":93},[1109,41371,2775],{"id":41372},"typeerror",[14,41374,14973,41375,41377],{},[25,41376,2775],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41379,41314],{},[177,41381,41382,41385,41388],{},[180,41383,41384],{},"Passing a list",[180,41386,41387],{},"Passing a dictionary",[180,41389,41390],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41392,924],{},[18,41394,41396],{"className":20,"code":41395,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[25,41397,41398,41423],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41399,41400,41402,41404,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416,41419,41421],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41401,2216],{"class":34},[28,41403,39],{"class":38},[28,41405,10270],{"class":93},[28,41407,234],{"class":42},[28,41409,24938],{"class":46},[28,41411,234],{"class":42},[28,41413,271],{"class":93},[28,41415,43],{"class":42},[28,41417,41418],{"class":46},"9.99",[28,41420,234],{"class":42},[28,41422,9087],{"class":93},[28,41424,41425,41427,41429,41431,41433,41435],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41426,115],{"class":114},[28,41428,94],{"class":93},[28,41430,1962],{"class":89},[28,41432,94],{"class":93},[28,41434,2242],{"class":120},[28,41436,318],{"class":93},[1109,41438,41440],{"id":41439},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41442,41443,41444,41447],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[25,41445,41446],{},"strip()"," can help:",[18,41449,41451],{"className":20,"code":41450,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[25,41452,41453,41466,41481,41485],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41454,41455,41457,41459,41461,41464],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41456,2216],{"class":34},[28,41458,39],{"class":38},[28,41460,43],{"class":42},[28,41462,41463],{"class":46},"  7.25  ",[28,41465,50],{"class":42},[28,41467,41468,41471,41473,41475,41477,41479],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41469,41470],{"class":34},"clean_value ",[28,41472,39],{"class":38},[28,41474,8210],{"class":34},[28,41476,385],{"class":93},[28,41478,8411],{"class":120},[28,41480,8420],{"class":93},[28,41482,41483],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,41484,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,41486,41487,41489,41491,41493,41495,41498],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,41488,115],{"class":114},[28,41490,94],{"class":93},[28,41492,1962],{"class":89},[28,41494,94],{"class":93},[28,41496,41497],{"class":120},"clean_value",[28,41499,318],{"class":93},[14,41501,336],{},[18,41503,41505],{"className":20,"code":41504,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"7.25\n",[25,41506,41507],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41508,41509],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41510,41504],{"class":97},[1109,41512,41514],{"id":41513},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41516,41517],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[18,41519,41521],{"className":20,"code":41520,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[25,41522,41523,41536,41540,41550,41564,41578,41582,41596],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41524,41525,41527,41529,41531,41534],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41526,2216],{"class":34},[28,41528,39],{"class":38},[28,41530,43],{"class":42},[28,41532,41533],{"class":46}," 3.5 ",[28,41535,50],{"class":42},[28,41537,41538],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41539,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,41541,41542,41544,41546,41548],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,41543,115],{"class":114},[28,41545,94],{"class":93},[28,41547,2242],{"class":120},[28,41549,101],{"class":93},[28,41551,41552,41554,41556,41558,41560,41562],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,41553,115],{"class":114},[28,41555,94],{"class":93},[28,41557,311],{"class":89},[28,41559,94],{"class":93},[28,41561,2242],{"class":120},[28,41563,318],{"class":93},[28,41565,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574,41576],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,41567,115],{"class":114},[28,41569,94],{"class":93},[28,41571,1574],{"class":114},[28,41573,94],{"class":93},[28,41575,2242],{"class":120},[28,41577,318],{"class":93},[28,41579,41580],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,41581,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,41583,41584,41586,41588,41590,41592,41594],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,41585,41470],{"class":34},[28,41587,39],{"class":38},[28,41589,8210],{"class":34},[28,41591,385],{"class":93},[28,41593,8411],{"class":120},[28,41595,8420],{"class":93},[28,41597,41598,41600,41602,41604,41606,41608],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,41599,115],{"class":114},[28,41601,94],{"class":93},[28,41603,1962],{"class":89},[28,41605,94],{"class":93},[28,41607,41497],{"class":120},[28,41609,318],{"class":93},[14,41611,41612],{},"Why this helps:",[177,41614,41615,41621,41626,41632],{},[180,41616,41617,41620],{},[25,41618,41619],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[180,41622,41623,21155],{},[25,41624,41625],{},"print(type(value))",[180,41627,41628,41631],{},[25,41629,41630],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[180,41633,41634,41636],{},[25,41635,41446],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1109,41638,41640],{"id":41639},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41642,41643],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[18,41645,41647],{"className":20,"code":41646,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[25,41648,41649,41668,41672,41678,41693,41712,41721],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41650,41651,41653,41655,41657,41659,41661,41664,41666],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41652,2216],{"class":34},[28,41654,39],{"class":38},[28,41656,8018],{"class":114},[28,41658,94],{"class":93},[28,41660,234],{"class":42},[28,41662,41663],{"class":46},"Enter a number: ",[28,41665,234],{"class":42},[28,41667,101],{"class":93},[28,41669,41670],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,41671,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,41673,41674,41676],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,41675,29593],{"class":3644},[28,41677,6170],{"class":93},[28,41679,41680,41683,41685,41687,41689,41691],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,41681,41682],{"class":34},"    number ",[28,41684,39],{"class":38},[28,41686,40047],{"class":89},[28,41688,94],{"class":93},[28,41690,2242],{"class":120},[28,41692,101],{"class":93},[28,41694,41695,41697,41699,41701,41704,41706,41708,41710],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,41696,7844],{"class":114},[28,41698,94],{"class":93},[28,41700,234],{"class":42},[28,41702,41703],{"class":46},"Converted:",[28,41705,234],{"class":42},[28,41707,2759],{"class":93},[28,41709,1967],{"class":120},[28,41711,101],{"class":93},[28,41713,41714,41716,41719],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,41715,29624],{"class":3644},[28,41717,41718],{"class":89}," ValueError",[28,41720,6170],{"class":93},[28,41722,41723,41725,41727,41729,41732,41734],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,41724,7844],{"class":114},[28,41726,94],{"class":93},[28,41728,234],{"class":42},[28,41730,41731],{"class":46},"That is not a valid number.",[28,41733,234],{"class":42},[28,41735,101],{"class":93},[14,41737,41738,41739,385],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[381,41740,40688],{"href":40687},[172,41742,41744],{"id":41743},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41746,10370,41747,1323,41749,41751],{},[25,41748,2651],{},[25,41750,2645],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41753,41754,41756],{},[25,41755,2651],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[18,41758,41760],{"className":20,"code":41759,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[25,41761,41762],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41763,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772,41774,41777,41779],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41765,115],{"class":114},[28,41767,94],{"class":93},[28,41769,1962],{"class":89},[28,41771,94],{"class":93},[28,41773,234],{"class":42},[28,41775,41776],{"class":46},"3.9",[28,41778,234],{"class":42},[28,41780,318],{"class":93},[14,41782,336],{},[18,41784,41786],{"className":20,"code":41785,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3.9\n",[25,41787,41788],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41789,41790],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41791,41785],{"class":97},[14,41793,41794,41796],{},[25,41795,2645],{}," creates whole numbers:",[18,41798,41800],{"className":20,"code":41799,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[25,41801,41802],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41803,41804,41806,41808,41810,41812,41814,41816,41818],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41805,115],{"class":114},[28,41807,94],{"class":93},[28,41809,372],{"class":89},[28,41811,94],{"class":93},[28,41813,234],{"class":42},[28,41815,2099],{"class":46},[28,41817,234],{"class":42},[28,41819,318],{"class":93},[14,41821,336],{},[18,41823,41824],{"className":20,"code":2145,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,41825,41826],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41827,41828],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41829,2145],{"class":97},[14,41831,41832,41833,41836],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[25,41834,41835],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[18,41838,41840],{"className":20,"code":41839,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[25,41841,41842],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,41843,41844,41846,41848,41850,41852,41854,41856,41858],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,41845,115],{"class":114},[28,41847,94],{"class":93},[28,41849,372],{"class":89},[28,41851,94],{"class":93},[28,41853,234],{"class":42},[28,41855,41776],{"class":46},[28,41857,234],{"class":42},[28,41859,318],{"class":93},[14,41861,2772,41862,1136,41864,41867],{},[25,41863,40496],{},[25,41865,41866],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41869,10493],{},[177,41871,41872,41878],{},[180,41873,41874,41877],{},[25,41875,41876],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[180,41879,41880,41882],{},[25,41881,41835],{}," fails",[14,41884,41885,41886,41889,41890,41892],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[381,41887,41888],{"href":2642},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[381,41891,2189],{"href":2188}," helpful.",[172,41894,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,41896,41898],{"id":41897},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41900,41901,41902,474,41904,385],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[25,41903,2261],{},[25,41905,792],{},[1109,41907,41909],{"id":41908},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41911,41912,41913,474,41916,385],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[25,41914,41915],{},"\"2.5\"",[25,41917,1651],{},[1109,41919,41921],{"id":41920},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41923,28851,41924,41926,41927,385],{},[25,41925,41322],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[25,41928,40496],{},[1109,41930,41932],{"id":41931},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,41934,4921,41935,385],{},[25,41936,3537],{},[1109,41938,41940],{"id":41939},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,41942,41943,41944,41946,41947,1323,41950,41946,41952,385],{},"Yes. ",[25,41945,777],{}," becomes ",[25,41948,41949],{},"1.0",[25,41951,3441],{},[25,41953,3537],{},[172,41955,1662],{"id":1661},[177,41957,41958,41962,41967,41972,41976,41980],{},[180,41959,41960],{},[381,41961,41888],{"href":2642},[180,41963,41964],{},[381,41965,41966],{"href":857},"Python str() Function Explained",[180,41968,41969],{},[381,41970,41971],{"href":40683},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[180,41973,41974],{},[381,41975,8836],{"href":8758},[180,41977,41978],{},[381,41979,40688],{"href":40687},[180,41981,41982],{},[381,41983,41984],{"href":7995},"Python input() Function Explained",[1699,41986,41987],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":41989},[41990,41991,41992,41993,42000,42005,42006,42013,42018,42025,42026,42033],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":39982,"depth":53,"text":39983},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":40207,"depth":53,"text":40208,"children":41994},[41995,41996,41997,41998,41999],{"id":40216,"depth":70,"text":40217},{"id":40280,"depth":70,"text":40281},{"id":40344,"depth":70,"text":40345},{"id":40386,"depth":70,"text":40387},{"id":40441,"depth":70,"text":40442},{"id":40480,"depth":53,"text":40481,"children":42001},[42002,42003,42004],{"id":40489,"depth":70,"text":40490},{"id":40575,"depth":70,"text":40576},{"id":40645,"depth":70,"text":40646},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":40837,"depth":53,"text":40838,"children":42007},[42008,42010,42011,42012],{"id":40841,"depth":70,"text":42009},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40934,"depth":70,"text":40935},{"id":41020,"depth":70,"text":41021},{"id":41082,"depth":70,"text":41083},{"id":41142,"depth":53,"text":41143,"children":42014},[42015,42016,42017],{"id":41151,"depth":70,"text":41152},{"id":41190,"depth":70,"text":41191},{"id":41231,"depth":70,"text":41232},{"id":41296,"depth":53,"text":41297,"children":42019},[42020,42021,42022,42023,42024],{"id":41306,"depth":70,"text":40496},{"id":41372,"depth":70,"text":2775},{"id":41439,"depth":70,"text":41440},{"id":41513,"depth":70,"text":41514},{"id":41639,"depth":70,"text":41640},{"id":41743,"depth":53,"text":41744},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":42027},[42028,42029,42030,42031,42032],{"id":41897,"depth":70,"text":41898},{"id":41908,"depth":70,"text":41909},{"id":41920,"depth":70,"text":41921},{"id":41931,"depth":70,"text":41932},{"id":41939,"depth":70,"text":41940},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39884,"description":42034},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42041,"title":42042,"body":42043,"description":43261,"extension":1730,"meta":43262,"navigation":107,"path":34813,"seo":43263,"stem":43264,"__hash__":43265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42044,"toc":43227},[42045,42048,42053,42056,42058,42097,42111,42115,42120,42123,42140,42143,42153,42168,42171,42173,42176,42192,42195,42198,42218,42222,42233,42236,42240,42244,42258,42293,42297,42308,42343,42346,42348,42356,42389,42405,42407,42417,42438,42449,42451,42456,42459,42473,42475,42494,42497,42510,42513,42517,42521,42535,42538,42556,42559,42574,42578,42583,42597,42603,42605,42662,42664,42697,42700,42716,42720,42727,42731,42736,42739,42750,42754,42759,42774,42783,42788,42807,42810,42822,42824,42829,42839,42842,42871,42876,42885,42889,42894,42897,42901,42906,42908,42938,42941,42948,42953,42958,42962,42965,42973,42976,43054,43057,43079,43081,43085,43088,43092,43098,43158,43162,43170,43174,43177,43179,43204,43224],[10,42046,42042],{"id":42047},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42049,3347,42050,42052],{},[25,42051,34816],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42054,42055],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[172,42057,1771],{"id":1770},[18,42059,42061],{"className":20,"code":42060,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[25,42062,42063,42073,42083],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42064,42065,42067,42069,42071],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42066,31943],{"class":114},[28,42068,94],{"class":93},[28,42070,10941],{"class":114},[28,42072,101],{"class":93},[28,42074,42075,42077,42079,42081],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42076,31943],{"class":114},[28,42078,94],{"class":93},[28,42080,355],{"class":89},[28,42082,101],{"class":93},[28,42084,42085,42087,42089,42091,42093,42095],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,42086,31943],{"class":114},[28,42088,94],{"class":93},[28,42090,358],{"class":42},[28,42092,34450],{"class":46},[28,42094,358],{"class":42},[28,42096,101],{"class":93},[14,42098,1631,42099,42101,42102,474,42104,42106,42107,42110],{},[25,42100,34816],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[25,42103,10941],{},[25,42105,355],{},", or use a string such as ",[25,42108,42109],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[172,42112,42114],{"id":42113},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42116,42117,42119],{},[25,42118,34816],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42121,42122],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[177,42124,42125,42128,42131,42134,42137],{},[180,42126,42127],{},"Functions",[180,42129,42130],{},"Classes",[180,42132,42133],{},"Methods",[180,42135,42136],{},"Modules",[180,42138,42139],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42141,42142],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42144,42145,42146,42152],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[381,42147,42149],{"href":42148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[25,42150,42151],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[18,42154,42156],{"className":20,"code":42155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(len)\n",[25,42157,42158],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42159,42160,42162,42164,42166],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42161,31943],{"class":114},[28,42163,94],{"class":93},[28,42165,10941],{"class":114},[28,42167,101],{"class":93},[14,42169,42170],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[172,42172,1927],{"id":1926},[14,42174,42175],{},"The main form is:",[18,42177,42179],{"className":20,"code":42178,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(object)\n",[25,42180,42181],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42182,42183,42185,42187,42190],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42184,31943],{"class":114},[28,42186,94],{"class":93},[28,42188,42189],{"class":89},"object",[28,42191,101],{"class":93},[14,42193,42194],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42196,42197],{},"Common examples include:",[177,42199,42200,42204,42209,42213],{},[180,42201,42202],{},[25,42203,10941],{},[180,42205,42206],{},[25,42207,42208],{},"list.append",[180,42210,42211],{},[25,42212,355],{},[180,42214,42215],{},[25,42216,42217],{},"open",[14,42219,6951,42220,6954],{},[25,42221,34816],{},[18,42223,42225],{"className":20,"code":42224,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help()\n",[25,42226,42227],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42228,42229,42231],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42230,31943],{"class":114},[28,42232,8420],{"class":93},[14,42234,42235],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[172,42237,42239],{"id":42238},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1109,42241,42243],{"id":42242},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42245,42246,42247,1959,42249,1959,42251,16858,42254,385],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[25,42248,10941],{},[25,42250,115],{},[25,42252,42253],{},"input",[381,42255,42256],{"href":2068},[25,42257,270],{},[18,42259,42261],{"className":20,"code":42260,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[25,42262,42263,42273,42283],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42264,42265,42267,42269,42271],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42266,31943],{"class":114},[28,42268,94],{"class":93},[28,42270,115],{"class":114},[28,42272,101],{"class":93},[28,42274,42275,42277,42279,42281],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42276,31943],{"class":114},[28,42278,94],{"class":93},[28,42280,42253],{"class":114},[28,42282,101],{"class":93},[28,42284,42285,42287,42289,42291],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,42286,31943],{"class":114},[28,42288,94],{"class":93},[28,42290,311],{"class":89},[28,42292,101],{"class":93},[1109,42294,42296],{"id":42295},"data-types","Data types",[14,42298,42299,42300,1959,42302,1959,42304,16858,42306,385],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[25,42301,355],{},[25,42303,7869],{},[25,42305,8599],{},[25,42307,6063],{},[18,42309,42311],{"className":20,"code":42310,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[25,42312,42313,42323,42333],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42314,42315,42317,42319,42321],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42316,31943],{"class":114},[28,42318,94],{"class":93},[28,42320,355],{"class":89},[28,42322,101],{"class":93},[28,42324,42325,42327,42329,42331],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42326,31943],{"class":114},[28,42328,94],{"class":93},[28,42330,7869],{"class":89},[28,42332,101],{"class":93},[28,42334,42335,42337,42339,42341],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,42336,31943],{"class":114},[28,42338,94],{"class":93},[28,42340,8599],{"class":89},[28,42342,101],{"class":93},[14,42344,42345],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1109,42347,42133],{"id":34297},[14,42349,42350,42351,1323,42354,385],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[25,42352,42353],{},"str.split",[25,42355,42208],{},[18,42357,42359],{"className":20,"code":42358,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[25,42360,42361,42375],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42362,42363,42365,42367,42369,42371,42373],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42364,31943],{"class":114},[28,42366,94],{"class":93},[28,42368,355],{"class":89},[28,42370,385],{"class":93},[28,42372,34260],{"class":24538},[28,42374,101],{"class":93},[28,42376,42377,42379,42381,42383,42385,42387],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42378,31943],{"class":114},[28,42380,94],{"class":93},[28,42382,7869],{"class":89},[28,42384,385],{"class":93},[28,42386,13338],{"class":24538},[28,42388,101],{"class":93},[14,42390,42391,42392,8482,42394,28103,42399,42401,42402,42404],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[25,42393,34816],{},[381,42395,42397],{"href":42396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[25,42398,34103],{},[25,42400,34103],{}," shows available names, while ",[25,42403,34816],{}," explains one of them.",[1109,42406,42136],{"id":34450},[14,42408,42409,42410,1959,42412,16858,42414,385],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[25,42411,18204],{},[25,42413,34979],{},[25,42415,42416],{},"os",[18,42418,42420],{"className":20,"code":42419,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[25,42421,42422,42428],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42423,42424,42426],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42425,34880],{"class":3644},[28,42427,34883],{"class":34},[28,42429,42430,42432,42434,42436],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42431,31943],{"class":114},[28,42433,94],{"class":93},[28,42435,18204],{"class":120},[28,42437,101],{"class":93},[14,42439,42440,42441,42445,42446,385],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[381,42442,42444],{"href":42443},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[381,42447,34946],{"href":42448},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[172,42450,34707],{"id":34706},[14,42452,42453,42455],{},[25,42454,34816],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42457,42458],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[177,42460,42461,42464,42467,42470],{},[180,42462,42463],{},"The function signature",[180,42465,42466],{},"The short description",[180,42468,42469],{},"Parameter names",[180,42471,42472],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42474,5247],{},[18,42476,42478],{"className":20,"code":42477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(str.split)\n",[25,42479,42480],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42481,42482,42484,42486,42488,42490,42492],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42483,31943],{"class":114},[28,42485,94],{"class":93},[28,42487,355],{"class":89},[28,42489,385],{"class":93},[28,42491,34260],{"class":24538},[28,42493,101],{"class":93},[14,42495,42496],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[177,42498,42499,42502,42505,42507],{},[180,42500,42501],{},"What object this is",[180,42503,42504],{},"What arguments it accepts",[180,42506,21757],{},[180,42508,42509],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42511,42512],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[172,42514,42516],{"id":42515},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42518,42519,29663],{},[25,42520,34816],{},[177,42522,42523,42526,42529,42532],{},[180,42524,42525],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[180,42527,42528],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[180,42530,42531],{},"You are exploring a new module",[180,42533,42534],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42536,42537],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[18,42539,42540],{"className":20,"code":42477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,42541,42542],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42543,42544,42546,42548,42550,42552,42554],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42545,31943],{"class":114},[28,42547,94],{"class":93},[28,42549,355],{"class":89},[28,42551,385],{"class":93},[28,42553,34260],{"class":24538},[28,42555,101],{"class":93},[14,42557,42558],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[18,42560,42562],{"className":20,"code":42561,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(open)\n",[25,42563,42564],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42565,42566,42568,42570,42572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42567,31943],{"class":114},[28,42569,94],{"class":93},[28,42571,42217],{"class":114},[28,42573,101],{"class":93},[172,42575,42577],{"id":42576},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42579,42580,42582],{},[25,42581,34816],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[177,42584,42585,42588,42591,42594],{},[180,42586,42587],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[180,42589,42590],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[180,42592,42593],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[180,42595,42596],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42598,42599,42600,42602],{},"So, ",[25,42601,34816],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42604,5247],{},[18,42606,42608],{"className":20,"code":42607,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[25,42609,42610,42623,42647,42651],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42611,42612,42614,42616,42618,42621],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42613,84],{"class":34},[28,42615,39],{"class":38},[28,42617,43],{"class":42},[28,42619,42620],{"class":46},"a,b,c",[28,42622,50],{"class":42},[28,42624,42625,42628,42630,42633,42635,42637,42639,42641,42643,42645],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42626,42627],{"class":34},"parts ",[28,42629,39],{"class":38},[28,42631,42632],{"class":34}," text",[28,42634,385],{"class":93},[28,42636,34260],{"class":120},[28,42638,94],{"class":93},[28,42640,234],{"class":42},[28,42642,2759],{"class":46},[28,42644,234],{"class":42},[28,42646,101],{"class":93},[28,42648,42649],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,42650,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,42652,42653,42655,42657,42660],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,42654,115],{"class":114},[28,42656,94],{"class":93},[28,42658,42659],{"class":120},"parts",[28,42661,101],{"class":93},[14,42663,5335],{},[18,42665,42667],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[25,42668,42669],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42670,42671,42673,42675,42677,42679,42681,42683,42685,42687,42689,42691,42693,42695],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42672,3669],{"class":93},[28,42674,358],{"class":42},[28,42676,381],{"class":46},[28,42678,358],{"class":42},[28,42680,2759],{"class":93},[28,42682,61],{"class":42},[28,42684,4533],{"class":46},[28,42686,358],{"class":42},[28,42688,2759],{"class":93},[28,42690,61],{"class":42},[28,42692,9518],{"class":46},[28,42694,358],{"class":42},[28,42696,3401],{"class":93},[14,42698,42699],{},"A good workflow is:",[28503,42701,42702,42707,42710,42713],{},[180,42703,1631,42704,42706],{},[25,42705,34816],{}," to inspect something",[180,42708,42709],{},"Write a tiny example",[180,42711,42712],{},"Check the result",[180,42714,42715],{},"Repeat",[172,42717,42719],{"id":42718},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42721,42722,1323,42724,42726],{},[25,42723,34816],{},[25,42725,34103],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1109,42728,42729],{"id":31943},[25,42730,34816],{},[14,42732,1631,42733,42735],{},[25,42734,34816],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42737,42738],{},"It tells you:",[177,42740,42741,42744,42747],{},[180,42742,42743],{},"What something is",[180,42745,42746],{},"How to use it",[180,42748,42749],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1109,42751,42752],{"id":34164},[25,42753,34103],{},[14,42755,1631,42756,42758],{},[25,42757,34103],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[18,42760,42762],{"className":20,"code":42761,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dir(str)\n",[25,42763,42764],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42765,42766,42768,42770,42772],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42767,34164],{"class":114},[28,42769,94],{"class":93},[28,42771,355],{"class":89},[28,42773,101],{"class":93},[14,42775,42776,42777,1959,42779,16858,42781,385],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[25,42778,34260],{},[25,42780,8411],{},[25,42782,8417],{},[14,42784,42785,42786,271],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[25,42787,34816],{},[18,42789,42791],{"className":20,"code":42790,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(str.lower)\n",[25,42792,42793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42794,42795,42797,42799,42801,42803,42805],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42796,31943],{"class":114},[28,42798,94],{"class":93},[28,42800,355],{"class":89},[28,42802,385],{"class":93},[28,42804,8417],{"class":24538},[28,42806,101],{"class":93},[14,42808,42809],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[177,42811,42812,42817],{},[180,42813,1631,42814,42816],{},[25,42815,34103],{}," to discover options",[180,42818,1631,42819,42821],{},[25,42820,34816],{}," to understand one option",[172,42823,1104],{"id":1103},[14,42825,42826,42827,385],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[25,42828,34816],{},[1109,42830,8194,42832,42835,42836],{"id":42831},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[25,42833,42834],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[25,42837,42838],{},"help(len)",[14,42840,42841],{},"These are not always the same.",[18,42843,42845],{"className":20,"code":42844,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[25,42846,42847,42857],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42848,42849,42851,42853,42855],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42850,31943],{"class":114},[28,42852,94],{"class":93},[28,42854,10941],{"class":114},[28,42856,101],{"class":93},[28,42858,42859,42861,42863,42865,42867,42869],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42860,31943],{"class":114},[28,42862,94],{"class":93},[28,42864,358],{"class":42},[28,42866,10941],{"class":46},[28,42868,358],{"class":42},[28,42870,101],{"class":93},[14,42872,42873,42875],{},[25,42874,42838],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42877,42878,42880,42881,42884],{},[25,42879,42834],{}," treats ",[25,42882,42883],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1109,42886,42888],{"id":42887},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42890,42891,42893],{},[25,42892,34816],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42895,42896],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1109,42898,42900],{"id":42899},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42902,40135,42903,42905],{},[25,42904,34816],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42907,924],{},[18,42909,42911],{"className":20,"code":42910,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[25,42912,42913,42923],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42914,42915,42917,42919,42921],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42916,31943],{"class":114},[28,42918,94],{"class":93},[28,42920,10941],{"class":114},[28,42922,101],{"class":93},[28,42924,42925,42927,42929,42931,42934,42936],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42926,115],{"class":114},[28,42928,94],{"class":93},[28,42930,234],{"class":42},[28,42932,42933],{"class":46},"Done",[28,42935,234],{"class":42},[28,42937,101],{"class":93},[14,42939,42940],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1109,42942,36995,42944,8482,42946],{"id":42943},"confusing-help-with-dir",[25,42945,34816],{},[25,42947,34103],{},[14,42949,42950,42951,385],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[25,42952,34103],{},[14,42954,42955,42956,385],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[25,42957,34816],{},[172,42959,42961],{"id":42960},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,42963,42964],{},"Open Python:",[18,42966,42967],{"className":20,"code":35331,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,42968,42969],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42970,42971],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42972,35331],{"class":34},[14,42974,42975],{},"Then test these commands:",[18,42977,42979],{"className":20,"code":42978,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[25,42980,42981,42991,43005,43019,43029,43044],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,42982,42983,42985,42987,42989],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,42984,31943],{"class":114},[28,42986,94],{"class":93},[28,42988,10941],{"class":114},[28,42990,101],{"class":93},[28,42992,42993,42995,42997,42999,43001,43003],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,42994,31943],{"class":114},[28,42996,94],{"class":93},[28,42998,355],{"class":89},[28,43000,385],{"class":93},[28,43002,34260],{"class":24538},[28,43004,101],{"class":93},[28,43006,43007,43009,43011,43013,43015,43017],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43008,31943],{"class":114},[28,43010,94],{"class":93},[28,43012,7869],{"class":89},[28,43014,385],{"class":93},[28,43016,13338],{"class":24538},[28,43018,101],{"class":93},[28,43020,43021,43023,43025,43027],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43022,31943],{"class":114},[28,43024,94],{"class":93},[28,43026,42217],{"class":114},[28,43028,101],{"class":93},[28,43030,43031,43033,43035,43037,43040,43042],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43032,31943],{"class":114},[28,43034,94],{"class":93},[28,43036,358],{"class":42},[28,43038,43039],{"class":46},"keywords",[28,43041,358],{"class":42},[28,43043,101],{"class":93},[28,43045,43046,43048,43050,43052],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,43047,34164],{"class":114},[28,43049,94],{"class":93},[28,43051,355],{"class":89},[28,43053,101],{"class":93},[14,43055,43056],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[177,43058,43059,43062,43065,43068,43071,43074],{},[180,43060,43061],{},"A built-in function",[180,43063,43064],{},"A string method",[180,43066,43067],{},"A list method",[180,43069,43070],{},"A built-in file function",[180,43072,43073],{},"A special help topic",[180,43075,14973,43076,43078],{},[25,43077,34103],{}," example for comparison",[172,43080,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,43082,43084],{"id":43083},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43086,43087],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1109,43089,43091],{"id":43090},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43093,43094,43095,43097],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[25,43096,34816],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[18,43099,43101],{"className":20,"code":43100,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[25,43102,43103,43115,43125,43144,43148],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43104,43105,43107,43109,43111,43113],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43106,34641],{"class":349},[28,43108,34645],{"class":34644},[28,43110,94],{"class":93},[28,43112,121],{"class":37454},[28,43114,8118],{"class":93},[28,43116,43117,43120,43123],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43118,43119],{"class":233},"    \"\"\"",[28,43121,43122],{"class":237},"Return a friendly greeting.",[28,43124,605],{"class":233},[28,43126,43127,43129,43132,43135,43137,43139,43141],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43128,34652],{"class":3644},[28,43130,43131],{"class":349}," f",[28,43133,43134],{"class":46},"\"Hello, ",[28,43136,9057],{"class":97},[28,43138,121],{"class":34},[28,43140,22090],{"class":97},[28,43142,43143],{"class":46},"!\"\n",[28,43145,43146],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43147,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,43149,43150,43152,43154,43156],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43151,31943],{"class":114},[28,43153,94],{"class":93},[28,43155,34686],{"class":120},[28,43157,101],{"class":93},[1109,43159,43161],{"id":43160},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43163,43164,43166,43167,43169],{},[25,43165,42838],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[25,43168,42834],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1109,43171,43173],{"id":43172},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43175,43176],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[172,43178,1662],{"id":1661},[177,43180,43181,43186,43190,43195,43200],{},[180,43182,43183],{},[381,43184,43185],{"href":42396},"Python dir() function explained",[180,43187,43188],{},[381,43189,8219],{"href":2068},[180,43191,43192],{},[381,43193,43194],{"href":42148},"Python len() function explained",[180,43196,43197],{},[381,43198,43199],{"href":42443},"How import works in Python",[180,43201,43202],{},[381,43203,34946],{"href":42448},[14,43205,43206,43207,43209,43210,1959,43212,16858,43214,43216,43217,474,43220,43223],{},"Try ",[25,43208,34816],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[25,43211,10941],{},[25,43213,115],{},[25,43215,42253],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[25,43218,43219],{},"dir(str)",[25,43221,43222],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1699,43225,43226],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":43228},[43229,43230,43231,43232,43238,43239,43240,43241,43245,43253,43254,43260],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":42113,"depth":53,"text":42114},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":42238,"depth":53,"text":42239,"children":43233},[43234,43235,43236,43237],{"id":42242,"depth":70,"text":42243},{"id":42295,"depth":70,"text":42296},{"id":34297,"depth":70,"text":42133},{"id":34450,"depth":70,"text":42136},{"id":34706,"depth":53,"text":34707},{"id":42515,"depth":53,"text":42516},{"id":42576,"depth":53,"text":42577},{"id":42718,"depth":53,"text":42719,"children":43242},[43243,43244],{"id":31943,"depth":70,"text":34816},{"id":34164,"depth":70,"text":34103},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":43246},[43247,43249,43250,43251],{"id":42831,"depth":70,"text":43248},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42887,"depth":70,"text":42888},{"id":42899,"depth":70,"text":42900},{"id":42943,"depth":70,"text":43252},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42960,"depth":53,"text":42961},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":43255},[43256,43257,43258,43259],{"id":43083,"depth":70,"text":43084},{"id":43090,"depth":70,"text":43091},{"id":43160,"depth":70,"text":43161},{"id":43172,"depth":70,"text":43173},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42042,"description":43261},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43267,"title":43268,"body":43269,"description":44631,"extension":1730,"meta":44632,"navigation":107,"path":44633,"seo":44634,"stem":44635,"__hash__":44636},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43270,"toc":44604},[43271,43277,43282,43288,43298,43357,43367,43378,43383,43389,43391,43409,43417,43419,43421,43436,43439,43450,43452,43543,43546,43550,43555,43576,43578,43689,43691,43718,43729,43733,43736,43819,43821,43829,43835,43841,43845,43848,43958,43960,43973,43976,43990,43998,44005,44010,44024,44030,44143,44145,44206,44209,44215,44221,44224,44246,44249,44319,44322,44354,44361,44363,44366,44384,44387,44399,44405,44407,44412,44438,44441,44513,44515,44521,44524,44530,44533,44539,44549,44555,44558,44565,44568,44570,44601],[10,43272,858,43274,3344],{"id":43273},"python-id-function-explained",[25,43275,43276],{},"id()",[14,43278,32108,43279,43281],{},[25,43280,43276],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43283,43284,43285,43287],{},"Beginners usually see ",[25,43286,43276],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43289,1631,43290,43292,43293,43295,43296,385],{},[25,43291,43276],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[163,43294,4402],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[25,43297,4460],{},[18,43299,43301],{"className":20,"code":43300,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[25,43302,43303,43315,43329,43333,43343],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43304,43305,43307,43309,43311,43313],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43306,35],{"class":34},[28,43308,39],{"class":38},[28,43310,43],{"class":42},[28,43312,892],{"class":46},[28,43314,50],{"class":42},[28,43316,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325,43327],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43318,115],{"class":114},[28,43320,94],{"class":93},[28,43322,12432],{"class":114},[28,43324,94],{"class":93},[28,43326,121],{"class":120},[28,43328,318],{"class":93},[28,43330,43331],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43332,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,43334,43335,43338,43340],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43336,43337],{"class":34},"other ",[28,43339,39],{"class":38},[28,43341,43342],{"class":34}," name\n",[28,43344,43345,43347,43349,43351,43353,43355],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43346,115],{"class":114},[28,43348,94],{"class":93},[28,43350,12432],{"class":114},[28,43352,94],{"class":93},[28,43354,30533],{"class":120},[28,43356,318],{"class":93},[14,43358,43359,43360,43363,43364,43366],{},"In this example, ",[25,43361,43362],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[25,43365,43276],{}," values match.",[43368,43369,43370],"blockquote",{},[14,43371,1631,43372,43374,43375,43377],{},[25,43373,43276],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[25,43376,4460],{}," for value comparison.",[172,43379,3445,43381,3448],{"id":43380},"what-id-does",[25,43382,43276],{},[14,43384,43385,43388],{},[25,43386,43387],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43390,12836],{},[177,43392,43393,43396,43403,43406],{},[180,43394,43395],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[180,43397,43398,43399,43402],{},"It shows ",[163,43400,43401],{},"object identity",", not object value",[180,43404,43405],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[180,43407,43408],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43410,43411,43412,43416],{},"This is closely related to how ",[381,43413,43415],{"href":43414},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[172,43418,1927],{"id":1926},[14,43420,5209],{},[18,43422,43424],{"className":20,"code":43423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"id(object)\n",[25,43425,43426],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43427,43428,43430,43432,43434],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43429,12432],{"class":114},[28,43431,94],{"class":93},[28,43433,42189],{"class":89},[28,43435,101],{"class":93},[14,43437,43438],{},"Important details:",[177,43440,43441,43444,43447],{},[180,43442,43443],{},"It takes one argument",[180,43445,43446],{},"It returns an integer",[180,43448,43449],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43451,924],{},[18,43453,43455],{"className":20,"code":43454,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[25,43456,43457,43469,43477,43497,43501,43515,43529],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43458,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43460,84],{"class":34},[28,43462,39],{"class":38},[28,43464,43],{"class":42},[28,43466,238],{"class":46},[28,43468,50],{"class":42},[28,43470,43471,43473,43475],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43472,293],{"class":34},[28,43474,39],{"class":38},[28,43476,2537],{"class":97},[28,43478,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43480,7555],{"class":34},[28,43482,39],{"class":38},[28,43484,3388],{"class":93},[28,43486,2756],{"class":97},[28,43488,2759],{"class":93},[28,43490,2762],{"class":97},[28,43492,2759],{"class":93},[28,43494,2221],{"class":97},[28,43496,3401],{"class":93},[28,43498,43499],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43500,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,43502,43503,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43504,115],{"class":114},[28,43506,94],{"class":93},[28,43508,12432],{"class":114},[28,43510,94],{"class":93},[28,43512,157],{"class":120},[28,43514,318],{"class":93},[28,43516,43517,43519,43521,43523,43525,43527],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,43518,115],{"class":114},[28,43520,94],{"class":93},[28,43522,12432],{"class":114},[28,43524,94],{"class":93},[28,43526,331],{"class":120},[28,43528,318],{"class":93},[28,43530,43531,43533,43535,43537,43539,43541],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,43532,115],{"class":114},[28,43534,94],{"class":93},[28,43536,12432],{"class":114},[28,43538,94],{"class":93},[28,43540,7586],{"class":120},[28,43542,318],{"class":93},[14,43544,43545],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[172,43547,43549],{"id":43548},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43551,43552,43553,385],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[25,43554,43276],{},[177,43556,43557,43564,43571],{},[180,43558,43559,43561,43562],{},[25,43560,4460],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[163,43563,2242],{},[180,43565,43566,43568,43569],{},[25,43567,11976],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[163,43570,42189],{},[180,43572,43573,43575],{},[25,43574,43276],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43577,924],{},[18,43579,43581],{"className":20,"code":43580,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[25,43582,43583,43603,43623,43627,43644,43661,43675],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43584,43585,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43586,885],{"class":34},[28,43588,39],{"class":38},[28,43590,3388],{"class":93},[28,43592,2756],{"class":97},[28,43594,2759],{"class":93},[28,43596,2762],{"class":97},[28,43598,2759],{"class":93},[28,43600,2221],{"class":97},[28,43602,3401],{"class":93},[28,43604,43605,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43606,899],{"class":34},[28,43608,39],{"class":38},[28,43610,3388],{"class":93},[28,43612,2756],{"class":97},[28,43614,2759],{"class":93},[28,43616,2762],{"class":97},[28,43618,2759],{"class":93},[28,43620,2221],{"class":97},[28,43622,3401],{"class":93},[28,43624,43625],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43626,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,43628,43629,43631,43633,43635,43637,43639,43641],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43630,115],{"class":114},[28,43632,94],{"class":93},[28,43634,885],{"class":120},[28,43636,4460],{"class":38},[28,43638,2329],{"class":120},[28,43640,3428],{"class":93},[28,43642,43643],{"class":1006},"   # True\n",[28,43645,43646,43648,43650,43652,43654,43656,43658],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43647,115],{"class":114},[28,43649,94],{"class":93},[28,43651,885],{"class":120},[28,43653,11976],{"class":3644},[28,43655,2329],{"class":120},[28,43657,3428],{"class":93},[28,43659,43660],{"class":1006},"   # False\n",[28,43662,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671,43673],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,43664,115],{"class":114},[28,43666,94],{"class":93},[28,43668,12432],{"class":114},[28,43670,94],{"class":93},[28,43672,381],{"class":120},[28,43674,318],{"class":93},[28,43676,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685,43687],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,43678,115],{"class":114},[28,43680,94],{"class":93},[28,43682,12432],{"class":114},[28,43684,94],{"class":93},[28,43686,4533],{"class":120},[28,43688,318],{"class":93},[14,43690,1949],{},[177,43692,43693,43701,43709],{},[180,43694,43695,4556,43698,43700],{},[25,43696,43697],{},"a == b",[25,43699,777],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[180,43702,43703,4556,43706,43708],{},[25,43704,43705],{},"a is b",[25,43707,3441],{}," because they are different list objects",[180,43710,43711,1323,43714,43717],{},[25,43712,43713],{},"id(a)",[25,43715,43716],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43719,43720,43721,1323,43725,385],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[381,43722,43724],{"href":43723},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[381,43726,43728],{"href":43727},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[172,43730,43732],{"id":43731},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43734,43735],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[18,43737,43739],{"className":20,"code":43738,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[25,43740,43741,43761,43771,43775,43789,43804],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43742,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43744,3383],{"class":34},[28,43746,39],{"class":38},[28,43748,3388],{"class":93},[28,43750,2099],{"class":97},[28,43752,2759],{"class":93},[28,43754,7566],{"class":97},[28,43756,2759],{"class":93},[28,43758,7571],{"class":97},[28,43760,3401],{"class":93},[28,43762,43763,43766,43768],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43764,43765],{"class":34},"other_numbers ",[28,43767,39],{"class":38},[28,43769,43770],{"class":34}," numbers\n",[28,43772,43773],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43774,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,43776,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43778,115],{"class":114},[28,43780,94],{"class":93},[28,43782,12432],{"class":114},[28,43784,94],{"class":93},[28,43786,3415],{"class":120},[28,43788,318],{"class":93},[28,43790,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799,43802],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43792,115],{"class":114},[28,43794,94],{"class":93},[28,43796,12432],{"class":114},[28,43798,94],{"class":93},[28,43800,43801],{"class":120},"other_numbers",[28,43803,318],{"class":93},[28,43805,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43817],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,43807,115],{"class":114},[28,43809,94],{"class":93},[28,43811,3383],{"class":120},[28,43813,11976],{"class":3644},[28,43815,43816],{"class":120}," other_numbers",[28,43818,101],{"class":93},[14,43820,5335],{},[18,43822,43823],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,43824,43825],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43826,43827],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43828,3749],{"class":776},[14,43830,43831,43832,43834],{},"The two ",[25,43833,43276],{}," values will also match.",[14,43836,21976,43837,43840],{},[25,43838,43839],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[172,43842,43844],{"id":43843},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43846,43847],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[18,43849,43851],{"className":20,"code":43850,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[25,43852,43853,43874,43895,43899,43914,43928,43943],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43854,43855,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870,43872],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43856,43857],{"class":34},"list_a ",[28,43859,39],{"class":38},[28,43861,3388],{"class":93},[28,43863,2756],{"class":97},[28,43865,2759],{"class":93},[28,43867,2762],{"class":97},[28,43869,2759],{"class":93},[28,43871,2221],{"class":97},[28,43873,3401],{"class":93},[28,43875,43876,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43877,43878],{"class":34},"list_b ",[28,43880,39],{"class":38},[28,43882,3388],{"class":93},[28,43884,2756],{"class":97},[28,43886,2759],{"class":93},[28,43888,2762],{"class":97},[28,43890,2759],{"class":93},[28,43892,2221],{"class":97},[28,43894,3401],{"class":93},[28,43896,43897],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,43898,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,43900,43901,43903,43905,43907,43909,43912],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,43902,115],{"class":114},[28,43904,94],{"class":93},[28,43906,43857],{"class":120},[28,43908,4460],{"class":38},[28,43910,43911],{"class":120}," list_b",[28,43913,101],{"class":93},[28,43915,43916,43918,43920,43922,43924,43926],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,43917,115],{"class":114},[28,43919,94],{"class":93},[28,43921,43857],{"class":120},[28,43923,11976],{"class":3644},[28,43925,43911],{"class":120},[28,43927,101],{"class":93},[28,43929,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938,43941],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,43931,115],{"class":114},[28,43933,94],{"class":93},[28,43935,12432],{"class":114},[28,43937,94],{"class":93},[28,43939,43940],{"class":120},"list_a",[28,43942,318],{"class":93},[28,43944,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43956],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,43946,115],{"class":114},[28,43948,94],{"class":93},[28,43950,12432],{"class":114},[28,43952,94],{"class":93},[28,43954,43955],{"class":120},"list_b",[28,43957,318],{"class":93},[14,43959,5335],{},[18,43961,43963],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nFalse\n",[25,43964,43965,43969],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,43966,43967],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,43968,3749],{"class":776},[28,43970,43971],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,43972,3810],{"class":776},[14,43974,43975],{},"What this means:",[177,43977,43978,43981,43984],{},[180,43979,43980],{},"The lists are equal in value",[180,43982,43983],{},"They are not the same object",[180,43985,43986,43987,43989],{},"Their ",[25,43988,43276],{}," values are usually different",[14,43991,43992,43993,43995,43996,385],{},"This is why ",[25,43994,43276],{}," should not replace ",[25,43997,4460],{},[172,43999,44001,44002,44004],{"id":44000},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[25,44003,43276],{}," is useful",[14,44006,44007,44009],{},[25,44008,43276],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[177,44011,44012,44015,44018,44021],{},[180,44013,44014],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[180,44016,44017],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[180,44019,44020],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[180,44022,44023],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44025,44026,44027,44029],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[25,44028,43276],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[18,44031,44033],{"className":20,"code":44032,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[25,44034,44035,44059,44068,44072,44091,44095,44105,44115,44129],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44036,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44038,11868],{"class":34},[28,44040,39],{"class":38},[28,44042,3388],{"class":93},[28,44044,234],{"class":42},[28,44046,381],{"class":46},[28,44048,234],{"class":42},[28,44050,2759],{"class":93},[28,44052,43],{"class":42},[28,44054,4533],{"class":46},[28,44056,234],{"class":42},[28,44058,3401],{"class":93},[28,44060,44061,44064,44066],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44062,44063],{"class":34},"copy_ref ",[28,44065,39],{"class":38},[28,44067,11906],{"class":34},[28,44069,44070],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,44071,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,44073,44074,44077,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087,44089],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,44075,44076],{"class":34},"copy_ref",[28,44078,385],{"class":93},[28,44080,13338],{"class":120},[28,44082,94],{"class":93},[28,44084,234],{"class":42},[28,44086,9518],{"class":46},[28,44088,234],{"class":42},[28,44090,101],{"class":93},[28,44092,44093],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,44094,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,44096,44097,44099,44101,44103],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,44098,115],{"class":114},[28,44100,94],{"class":93},[28,44102,11915],{"class":120},[28,44104,101],{"class":93},[28,44106,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,44108,115],{"class":114},[28,44110,94],{"class":93},[28,44112,44076],{"class":120},[28,44114,101],{"class":93},[28,44116,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125,44127],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,44118,115],{"class":114},[28,44120,94],{"class":93},[28,44122,12432],{"class":114},[28,44124,94],{"class":93},[28,44126,11915],{"class":120},[28,44128,318],{"class":93},[28,44130,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,44132,115],{"class":114},[28,44134,94],{"class":93},[28,44136,12432],{"class":114},[28,44138,94],{"class":93},[28,44140,44076],{"class":120},[28,44142,318],{"class":93},[14,44144,5335],{},[18,44146,44148],{"className":20,"code":44147,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[25,44149,44150,44178],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44151,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44153,3669],{"class":93},[28,44155,358],{"class":42},[28,44157,381],{"class":46},[28,44159,358],{"class":42},[28,44161,2759],{"class":93},[28,44163,61],{"class":42},[28,44165,4533],{"class":46},[28,44167,358],{"class":42},[28,44169,2759],{"class":93},[28,44171,61],{"class":42},[28,44173,9518],{"class":46},[28,44175,358],{"class":42},[28,44177,3401],{"class":93},[28,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202,44204],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44181,3669],{"class":93},[28,44183,358],{"class":42},[28,44185,381],{"class":46},[28,44187,358],{"class":42},[28,44189,2759],{"class":93},[28,44191,61],{"class":42},[28,44193,4533],{"class":46},[28,44195,358],{"class":42},[28,44197,2759],{"class":93},[28,44199,61],{"class":42},[28,44201,9518],{"class":46},[28,44203,358],{"class":42},[28,44205,3401],{"class":93},[14,44207,44208],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[172,44210,44212,44213],{"id":44211},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[25,44214,43276],{},[14,44216,44217,44218,44220],{},"Do not use ",[25,44219,43276],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44222,44223],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[177,44225,44226,44232,44238,44241],{},[180,44227,44228,44229,44231],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[25,44230,4460],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[180,44233,44234,44235,44237],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[25,44236,43276],{}," values across program runs",[180,44239,44240],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[180,44242,44243,44244],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[25,44245,43276],{},[14,44247,44248],{},"Bad example:",[18,44250,44252],{"className":20,"code":44251,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[25,44253,44254,44266,44278,44282,44304],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44255,44256,44258,44260,44262,44264],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44257,885],{"class":34},[28,44259,39],{"class":38},[28,44261,43],{"class":42},[28,44263,36838],{"class":46},[28,44265,50],{"class":42},[28,44267,44268,44270,44272,44274,44276],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44269,899],{"class":34},[28,44271,39],{"class":38},[28,44273,43],{"class":42},[28,44275,36838],{"class":46},[28,44277,50],{"class":42},[28,44279,44280],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,44281,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,44283,44284,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,44285,6773],{"class":3644},[28,44287,14602],{"class":114},[28,44289,94],{"class":93},[28,44291,381],{"class":120},[28,44293,3428],{"class":93},[28,44295,6185],{"class":38},[28,44297,14602],{"class":114},[28,44299,94],{"class":93},[28,44301,4533],{"class":120},[28,44303,8118],{"class":93},[28,44305,44306,44308,44310,44312,44315,44317],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,44307,7844],{"class":114},[28,44309,94],{"class":93},[28,44311,234],{"class":42},[28,44313,44314],{"class":46},"The values are equal",[28,44316,234],{"class":42},[28,44318,101],{"class":93},[14,44320,44321],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[18,44323,44325],{"className":20,"code":44324,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[25,44326,44327,44340],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44328,44329,44331,44334,44336,44338],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44330,6773],{"class":3644},[28,44332,44333],{"class":34}," a ",[28,44335,4460],{"class":38},[28,44337,2329],{"class":34},[28,44339,6170],{"class":93},[28,44341,44342,44344,44346,44348,44350,44352],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44343,7844],{"class":114},[28,44345,94],{"class":93},[28,44347,234],{"class":42},[28,44349,44314],{"class":46},[28,44351,234],{"class":42},[28,44353,101],{"class":93},[14,44355,1631,44356,474,44358,44360],{},[25,44357,11976],{},[25,44359,43276],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[172,44362,20589],{"id":20588},[14,44364,44365],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[177,44367,44368,44371,44374,44379],{},[180,44369,44370],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[180,44372,44373],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[180,44375,44376,44377],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[25,44378,43276],{},[180,44380,44381,44382],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[25,44383,43276],{},[14,44385,44386],{},"The important rule is:",[177,44388,44389,44394],{},[180,44390,1631,44391,44393],{},[25,44392,4460],{}," to check value",[180,44395,1631,44396,44398],{},[25,44397,11976],{}," to check identity",[14,44400,44401,44402,44404],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[25,44403,43276],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[172,44406,1104],{"id":1103},[14,44408,44409,44410,271],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[25,44411,43276],{},[177,44413,44414,44422,44425,44428,44433],{},[180,44415,8194,44416,44418,44419,44421],{},[25,44417,43276],{}," when ",[25,44420,4460],{}," should be used",[180,44423,44424],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[180,44426,44427],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[180,44429,44430,44431],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[25,44432,43276],{},[180,44434,8194,44435,44437],{},[25,44436,43276],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44439,44440],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[18,44442,44444],{"className":20,"code":44443,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[25,44445,44446,44461,44475,44489,44503],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44447,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44459],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44449,115],{"class":114},[28,44451,94],{"class":93},[28,44453,12432],{"class":114},[28,44455,94],{"class":93},[28,44457,44458],{"class":120},"my_object",[28,44460,318],{"class":93},[28,44462,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44464,115],{"class":114},[28,44466,94],{"class":93},[28,44468,885],{"class":120},[28,44470,4460],{"class":38},[28,44472,2329],{"class":120},[28,44474,101],{"class":93},[28,44476,44477,44479,44481,44483,44485,44487],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,44478,115],{"class":114},[28,44480,94],{"class":93},[28,44482,885],{"class":120},[28,44484,11976],{"class":3644},[28,44486,2329],{"class":120},[28,44488,101],{"class":93},[28,44490,44491,44493,44495,44497,44499,44501],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,44492,115],{"class":114},[28,44494,94],{"class":93},[28,44496,311],{"class":89},[28,44498,94],{"class":93},[28,44500,44458],{"class":120},[28,44502,318],{"class":93},[28,44504,44505,44507,44509,44511],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,44506,31943],{"class":114},[28,44508,94],{"class":93},[28,44510,12432],{"class":114},[28,44512,101],{"class":93},[172,44514,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,44516,44518,44519,12499],{"id":44517},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[25,44520,43276],{},[14,44522,44523],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1109,44525,14689,44527,44529],{"id":44526},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[25,44528,43276],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44531,44532],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1109,44534,21208,44536,44538],{"id":44535},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[25,44537,43276],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44540,30060,44541,44543,44544,474,44546,44548],{},[25,44542,4460],{}," to compare values. Use ",[25,44545,43276],{},[25,44547,11976],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1109,44550,44552,44553,2262],{"id":44551},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[25,44554,43276],{},[14,44556,44557],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1109,44559,44561,44562,44564],{"id":44560},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[25,44563,43276],{}," values?",[14,44566,44567],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[172,44569,1662],{"id":1661},[177,44571,44572,44577,44582,44587,44595],{},[180,44573,44574],{},[381,44575,44576],{"href":43414},"Python variables explained for beginners",[180,44578,44579],{},[381,44580,44581],{"href":43723},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[180,44583,44584],{},[381,44585,44586],{"href":43727},"Python data types overview",[180,44588,44589],{},[381,44590,858,44592,861],{"href":44591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[25,44593,44594],{},"isinstance()",[180,44596,44597],{},[381,44598,44600],{"href":44599},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1699,44602,44603],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":44605},[44606,44608,44609,44610,44611,44612,44614,44616,44617,44618,44630],{"id":43380,"depth":53,"text":44607},"What id() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":43548,"depth":53,"text":43549},{"id":43731,"depth":53,"text":43732},{"id":43843,"depth":53,"text":43844},{"id":44000,"depth":53,"text":44613},"When id() is useful",{"id":44211,"depth":53,"text":44615},"When not to use id()",{"id":20588,"depth":53,"text":20589},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":44619},[44620,44622,44624,44626,44628],{"id":44517,"depth":70,"text":44621},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44526,"depth":70,"text":44623},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44535,"depth":70,"text":44625},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44551,"depth":70,"text":44627},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44560,"depth":70,"text":44629},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43268,"description":44631},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44638,"title":41984,"body":44639,"description":46275,"extension":1730,"meta":46276,"navigation":107,"path":46277,"seo":46278,"stem":46279,"__hash__":46280},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44640,"toc":46241},[44641,44646,44651,44654,44656,44699,44704,44707,44712,44717,44720,44736,44738,44782,44784,44811,44813,44828,44830,44832,44834,44850,44852,44864,44867,44901,44904,44929,44934,44936,44941,44945,44948,44950,44998,45000,45032,45038,45049,45051,45103,45105,45136,45138,45142,45146,45189,45195,45201,45253,45261,45266,45270,45361,45363,45396,45399,45401,45461,45463,45489,45499,45501,45505,45510,45515,45517,45554,45556,45574,45577,45581,45584,45640,45652,45661,45663,45690,45698,45705,45709,45712,45749,45752,45758,45795,45797,45801,45807,45825,45830,45878,45882,45971,45974,45981,45983,45985,45990,46008,46010,46053,46059,46074,46076,46138,46140,46142,46148,46156,46162,46168,46177,46187,46191,46199,46201,46203,46238],[10,44642,858,44644,3344],{"id":44643},"python-input-function-explained",[25,44645,2725],{},[14,44647,679,44648,44650],{},[25,44649,2725],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44652,44653],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[172,44655,1771],{"id":1770},[18,44657,44659],{"className":20,"code":44658,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[25,44660,44661,44680],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44662,44663,44665,44667,44669,44671,44673,44676,44678],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44664,35],{"class":34},[28,44666,39],{"class":38},[28,44668,8018],{"class":114},[28,44670,94],{"class":93},[28,44672,234],{"class":42},[28,44674,44675],{"class":46},"Enter your name: ",[28,44677,234],{"class":42},[28,44679,101],{"class":93},[28,44681,44682,44684,44686,44688,44691,44693,44695,44697],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44683,115],{"class":114},[28,44685,94],{"class":93},[28,44687,234],{"class":42},[28,44689,44690],{"class":46},"Hello, ",[28,44692,234],{"class":42},[28,44694,828],{"class":38},[28,44696,35781],{"class":120},[28,44698,101],{"class":93},[14,44700,1631,44701,44703],{},[25,44702,2725],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44705,44706],"hr",{},[172,44708,3445,44710,3448],{"id":44709},"what-input-does",[25,44711,2725],{},[14,44713,44714,44716],{},[25,44715,2725],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44718,44719],{},"Here is what happens:",[177,44721,44722,44727,44730,44733],{},[180,44723,44724,44726],{},[25,44725,2725],{}," waits for the user to type",[180,44728,44729],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[180,44731,44732],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[180,44734,44735],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44737,924],{},[18,44739,44741],{"className":20,"code":44740,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[25,44742,44743,44763],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44744,44745,44748,44750,44752,44754,44756,44759,44761],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44746,44747],{"class":34},"color ",[28,44749,39],{"class":38},[28,44751,8018],{"class":114},[28,44753,94],{"class":93},[28,44755,234],{"class":42},[28,44757,44758],{"class":46},"What is your favorite color? ",[28,44760,234],{"class":42},[28,44762,101],{"class":93},[28,44764,44765,44767,44769,44771,44774,44776,44778,44780],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44766,115],{"class":114},[28,44768,94],{"class":93},[28,44770,234],{"class":42},[28,44772,44773],{"class":46},"Your favorite color is",[28,44775,234],{"class":42},[28,44777,2759],{"class":93},[28,44779,35640],{"class":120},[28,44781,101],{"class":93},[14,44783,29819],{},[18,44785,44787],{"className":20,"code":44786,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[25,44788,44789,44802],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44790,44791,44793,44795,44798,44800],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44792,3445],{"class":34},[28,44794,11976],{"class":38},[28,44796,44797],{"class":34}," your favorite color",[28,44799,2262],{"class":37158},[28,44801,35670],{"class":34},[28,44803,44804,44807,44809],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44805,44806],{"class":34},"Your favorite color ",[28,44808,11976],{"class":38},[28,44810,35670],{"class":34},[14,44812,19745],{},[177,44814,44815,44820,44825],{},[180,44816,44817,44818],{},"The prompt is ",[25,44819,44758],{},[180,44821,44822,44823],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[25,44824,32682],{},[180,44826,44827],{},"That value is then printed",[44705,44829],{},[172,44831,1927],{"id":1926},[14,44833,6994],{},[18,44835,44837],{"className":20,"code":44836,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"input(prompt)\n",[25,44838,44839],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44840,44841,44843,44845,44848],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44842,42253],{"class":114},[28,44844,94],{"class":93},[28,44846,44847],{"class":120},"prompt",[28,44849,101],{"class":93},[14,44851,11239],{},[177,44853,44854,44858,44861],{},[180,44855,679,44856,19827],{},[25,44857,44847],{},[180,44859,44860],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[180,44862,44863],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44865,44866],{},"Example with a prompt:",[18,44868,44870],{"className":20,"code":44869,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[25,44871,44872,44891],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44873,44874,44876,44878,44880,44882,44884,44887,44889],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44875,7736],{"class":34},[28,44877,39],{"class":38},[28,44879,8018],{"class":114},[28,44881,94],{"class":93},[28,44883,234],{"class":42},[28,44885,44886],{"class":46},"Enter your username: ",[28,44888,234],{"class":42},[28,44890,101],{"class":93},[28,44892,44893,44895,44897,44899],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44894,115],{"class":114},[28,44896,94],{"class":93},[28,44898,7760],{"class":120},[28,44900,101],{"class":93},[14,44902,44903],{},"Example without a prompt:",[18,44905,44907],{"className":20,"code":44906,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[25,44908,44909,44919],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44910,44911,44913,44915,44917],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44912,2216],{"class":34},[28,44914,39],{"class":38},[28,44916,8018],{"class":114},[28,44918,8420],{"class":93},[28,44920,44921,44923,44925,44927],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44922,115],{"class":114},[28,44924,94],{"class":93},[28,44926,2242],{"class":120},[28,44928,101],{"class":93},[14,44930,7538,44931,44933],{},[25,44932,2725],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44705,44935],{},[172,44937,3445,44939,11487],{"id":44938},"what-input-returns",[25,44940,2725],{},[14,44942,44943,8001],{},[25,44944,2725],{},[14,44946,44947],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,44949,924],{},[18,44951,44953],{"className":20,"code":44952,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[25,44954,44955,44974,44984],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,44956,44957,44959,44961,44963,44965,44967,44970,44972],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,44958,807],{"class":34},[28,44960,39],{"class":38},[28,44962,8018],{"class":114},[28,44964,94],{"class":93},[28,44966,234],{"class":42},[28,44968,44969],{"class":46},"Enter your age: ",[28,44971,234],{"class":42},[28,44973,101],{"class":93},[28,44975,44976,44978,44980,44982],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,44977,115],{"class":114},[28,44979,94],{"class":93},[28,44981,835],{"class":120},[28,44983,101],{"class":93},[28,44985,44986,44988,44990,44992,44994,44996],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,44987,115],{"class":114},[28,44989,94],{"class":93},[28,44991,311],{"class":89},[28,44993,94],{"class":93},[28,44995,835],{"class":120},[28,44997,318],{"class":93},[14,44999,29819],{},[18,45001,45003],{"className":20,"code":45002,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,45004,45005,45014,45018],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45006,45007,45010,45012],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45008,45009],{"class":34},"Enter your age",[28,45011,271],{"class":93},[28,45013,812],{"class":97},[28,45015,45016],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45017,2477],{"class":97},[28,45019,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45021,346],{"class":38},[28,45023,350],{"class":349},[28,45025,61],{"class":42},[28,45027,355],{"class":46},[28,45029,358],{"class":42},[28,45031,361],{"class":38},[14,45033,45034,45035,45037],{},"Even though the user typed ",[25,45036,8972],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45039,45040,45041,474,45045,385],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[381,45042,45043],{"href":2642},[25,45044,2645],{},[381,45046,45047],{"href":2648},[25,45048,2651],{},[14,45050,924],{},[18,45052,45054],{"className":20,"code":45053,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[25,45055,45056,45079,45089],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45057,45058,45060,45062,45065,45067,45069,45071,45073,45075,45077],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45059,807],{"class":34},[28,45061,39],{"class":38},[28,45063,45064],{"class":89}," int",[28,45066,94],{"class":93},[28,45068,42253],{"class":114},[28,45070,94],{"class":93},[28,45072,234],{"class":42},[28,45074,44969],{"class":46},[28,45076,234],{"class":42},[28,45078,318],{"class":93},[28,45080,45081,45083,45085,45087],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45082,115],{"class":114},[28,45084,94],{"class":93},[28,45086,835],{"class":120},[28,45088,101],{"class":93},[28,45090,45091,45093,45095,45097,45099,45101],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45092,115],{"class":114},[28,45094,94],{"class":93},[28,45096,311],{"class":89},[28,45098,94],{"class":93},[28,45100,835],{"class":120},[28,45102,318],{"class":93},[14,45104,29819],{},[18,45106,45108],{"className":20,"code":45107,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,45109,45110,45118,45122],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45111,45112,45114,45116],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45113,45009],{"class":34},[28,45115,271],{"class":93},[28,45117,812],{"class":97},[28,45119,45120],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45121,2477],{"class":97},[28,45123,45124,45126,45128,45130,45132,45134],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45125,346],{"class":38},[28,45127,350],{"class":349},[28,45129,61],{"class":42},[28,45131,372],{"class":46},[28,45133,358],{"class":42},[28,45135,361],{"class":38},[44705,45137],{},[172,45139,45141],{"id":45140},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1109,45143,45145],{"id":45144},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[18,45147,45149],{"className":20,"code":45148,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[25,45150,45151,45170],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45152,45153,45155,45157,45159,45161,45163,45166,45168],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45154,35],{"class":34},[28,45156,39],{"class":38},[28,45158,8018],{"class":114},[28,45160,94],{"class":93},[28,45162,234],{"class":42},[28,45164,45165],{"class":46},"What is your name? ",[28,45167,234],{"class":42},[28,45169,101],{"class":93},[28,45171,45172,45174,45176,45178,45181,45183,45185,45187],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45173,115],{"class":114},[28,45175,94],{"class":93},[28,45177,234],{"class":42},[28,45179,45180],{"class":46},"Hello,",[28,45182,234],{"class":42},[28,45184,2759],{"class":93},[28,45186,35781],{"class":120},[28,45188,101],{"class":93},[14,45190,45191,45192,45194],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[25,45193,121],{}," and prints it.",[1109,45196,45198,45199],{"id":45197},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[25,45200,2645],{},[18,45202,45204],{"className":20,"code":45203,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[25,45205,45206,45229],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45207,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220,45222,45225,45227],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45209,807],{"class":34},[28,45211,39],{"class":38},[28,45213,45064],{"class":89},[28,45215,94],{"class":93},[28,45217,42253],{"class":114},[28,45219,94],{"class":93},[28,45221,234],{"class":42},[28,45223,45224],{"class":46},"How old are you? ",[28,45226,234],{"class":42},[28,45228,318],{"class":93},[28,45230,45231,45233,45235,45237,45240,45242,45244,45247,45249,45251],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45232,115],{"class":114},[28,45234,94],{"class":93},[28,45236,234],{"class":42},[28,45238,45239],{"class":46},"Next year you will be",[28,45241,234],{"class":42},[28,45243,2759],{"class":93},[28,45245,45246],{"class":120}," age ",[28,45248,1828],{"class":38},[28,45250,5273],{"class":97},[28,45252,101],{"class":93},[14,45254,5837,45255,45257,45258,45260],{},[25,45256,2645],{}," converts the text from ",[25,45259,2725],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45262,45263,45264,385],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[381,45265,8759],{"href":8758},[1109,45267,45269],{"id":45268},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[18,45271,45273],{"className":20,"code":45272,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[25,45274,45275,45299,45323,45337,45341],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45276,45277,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288,45290,45292,45295,45297],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45278,45279],{"class":34},"num1 ",[28,45281,39],{"class":38},[28,45283,45064],{"class":89},[28,45285,94],{"class":93},[28,45287,42253],{"class":114},[28,45289,94],{"class":93},[28,45291,234],{"class":42},[28,45293,45294],{"class":46},"Enter the first number: ",[28,45296,234],{"class":42},[28,45298,318],{"class":93},[28,45300,45301,45304,45306,45308,45310,45312,45314,45316,45319,45321],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45302,45303],{"class":34},"num2 ",[28,45305,39],{"class":38},[28,45307,45064],{"class":89},[28,45309,94],{"class":93},[28,45311,42253],{"class":114},[28,45313,94],{"class":93},[28,45315,234],{"class":42},[28,45317,45318],{"class":46},"Enter the second number: ",[28,45320,234],{"class":42},[28,45322,318],{"class":93},[28,45324,45325,45327,45329,45332,45334],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45326,40975],{"class":34},[28,45328,39],{"class":38},[28,45330,45331],{"class":34}," num1 ",[28,45333,1828],{"class":38},[28,45335,45336],{"class":34}," num2\n",[28,45338,45339],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,45340,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,45342,45343,45345,45347,45349,45352,45354,45356,45359],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,45344,115],{"class":114},[28,45346,94],{"class":93},[28,45348,234],{"class":42},[28,45350,45351],{"class":46},"Total:",[28,45353,234],{"class":42},[28,45355,2759],{"class":93},[28,45357,45358],{"class":120}," total",[28,45360,101],{"class":93},[14,45362,29819],{},[18,45364,45366],{"className":20,"code":45365,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[25,45367,45368,45378,45387],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45369,45370,45373,45375],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45371,45372],{"class":34},"Enter the first number",[28,45374,271],{"class":93},[28,45376,45377],{"class":97}," 2\n",[28,45379,45380,45383,45385],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45381,45382],{"class":34},"Enter the second number",[28,45384,271],{"class":93},[28,45386,2347],{"class":97},[28,45388,45389,45392,45394],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45390,45391],{"class":34},"Total",[28,45393,271],{"class":93},[28,45395,34632],{"class":97},[14,45397,45398],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45400,924],{},[18,45402,45404],{"className":20,"code":45403,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[25,45405,45406,45424,45442,45446],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45407,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420,45422],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45409,45279],{"class":34},[28,45411,39],{"class":38},[28,45413,8018],{"class":114},[28,45415,94],{"class":93},[28,45417,234],{"class":42},[28,45419,45294],{"class":46},[28,45421,234],{"class":42},[28,45423,101],{"class":93},[28,45425,45426,45428,45430,45432,45434,45436,45438,45440],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45427,45303],{"class":34},[28,45429,39],{"class":38},[28,45431,8018],{"class":114},[28,45433,94],{"class":93},[28,45435,234],{"class":42},[28,45437,45318],{"class":46},[28,45439,234],{"class":42},[28,45441,101],{"class":93},[28,45443,45444],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45445,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,45447,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45459],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,45449,115],{"class":114},[28,45451,94],{"class":93},[28,45453,45279],{"class":120},[28,45455,1828],{"class":38},[28,45457,45458],{"class":120}," num2",[28,45460,101],{"class":93},[14,45462,29819],{},[18,45464,45466],{"className":20,"code":45465,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[25,45467,45468,45476,45484],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45469,45470,45472,45474],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45471,45372],{"class":34},[28,45473,271],{"class":93},[28,45475,45377],{"class":97},[28,45477,45478,45480,45482],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45479,45382],{"class":34},[28,45481,271],{"class":93},[28,45483,2347],{"class":97},[28,45485,45486],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45487,45488],{"class":97},"23\n",[14,45490,45491,45492,45495,45496,385],{},"That happens because ",[25,45493,45494],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[25,45497,45498],{},"\"23\"",[44705,45500],{},[172,45502,45504],{"id":45503},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45506,45507,45508,385],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[25,45509,2725],{},[1109,45511,4476,45513,41335],{"id":45512},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[25,45514,2725],{},[14,45516,38991],{},[18,45518,45520],{"className":20,"code":45519,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[25,45521,45522,45540],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45523,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45525,2216],{"class":34},[28,45527,39],{"class":38},[28,45529,8018],{"class":114},[28,45531,94],{"class":93},[28,45533,234],{"class":42},[28,45535,41663],{"class":46},[28,45537,234],{"class":42},[28,45539,101],{"class":93},[28,45541,45542,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45543,115],{"class":114},[28,45545,94],{"class":93},[28,45547,311],{"class":89},[28,45549,94],{"class":93},[28,45551,2242],{"class":120},[28,45553,318],{"class":93},[14,45555,336],{},[18,45557,45558],{"className":20,"code":546,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,45559,45560],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45561,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45563,346],{"class":38},[28,45565,350],{"class":349},[28,45567,61],{"class":42},[28,45569,355],{"class":46},[28,45571,358],{"class":42},[28,45573,361],{"class":38},[14,45575,45576],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1109,45578,45580],{"id":45579},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45582,45583],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[18,45585,45587],{"className":20,"code":45586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[25,45588,45589,45607,45626],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45590,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45592,885],{"class":34},[28,45594,39],{"class":38},[28,45596,8018],{"class":114},[28,45598,94],{"class":93},[28,45600,234],{"class":42},[28,45602,41663],{"class":46},[28,45604,234],{"class":42},[28,45606,101],{"class":93},[28,45608,45609,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45622,45624],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45610,899],{"class":34},[28,45612,39],{"class":38},[28,45614,8018],{"class":114},[28,45616,94],{"class":93},[28,45618,234],{"class":42},[28,45620,45621],{"class":46},"Enter another number: ",[28,45623,234],{"class":42},[28,45625,101],{"class":93},[28,45627,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636,45638],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45629,115],{"class":114},[28,45631,94],{"class":93},[28,45633,885],{"class":120},[28,45635,1828],{"class":38},[28,45637,2329],{"class":120},[28,45639,101],{"class":93},[14,45641,40913,45642,1323,45644,45646,45647,18751,45650,385],{},[25,45643,2275],{},[25,45645,1905],{},", the result is ",[25,45648,45649],{},"45",[25,45651,1913],{},[1109,45653,45655,45656,45658,45659],{"id":45654},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[25,45657,40496],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[25,45660,2645],{},[14,45662,924],{},[18,45664,45666],{"className":20,"code":45665,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[25,45667,45668],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45669,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684,45686,45688],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45671,807],{"class":34},[28,45673,39],{"class":38},[28,45675,45064],{"class":89},[28,45677,94],{"class":93},[28,45679,42253],{"class":114},[28,45681,94],{"class":93},[28,45683,234],{"class":42},[28,45685,44969],{"class":46},[28,45687,234],{"class":42},[28,45689,318],{"class":93},[14,45691,8047,45692,45695,45696,385],{},[25,45693,45694],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[25,45697,40496],{},[14,45699,45700,45701,385],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[381,45702,45704],{"href":45703},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1109,45706,45708],{"id":45707},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45710,45711],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[18,45713,45715],{"className":20,"code":45714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[25,45716,45717,45735],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45718,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727,45729,45731,45733],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45720,35],{"class":34},[28,45722,39],{"class":38},[28,45724,8018],{"class":114},[28,45726,94],{"class":93},[28,45728,234],{"class":42},[28,45730,44675],{"class":46},[28,45732,234],{"class":42},[28,45734,101],{"class":93},[28,45736,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745,45747],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45738,115],{"class":114},[28,45740,94],{"class":93},[28,45742,1574],{"class":114},[28,45744,94],{"class":93},[28,45746,121],{"class":120},[28,45748,318],{"class":93},[14,45750,45751],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45753,45754,45755,271],{},"You can remove them with ",[25,45756,45757],{},".strip()",[18,45759,45761],{"className":20,"code":45760,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[25,45762,45763,45785],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45764,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45779,45781,45783],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45766,35],{"class":34},[28,45768,39],{"class":38},[28,45770,8018],{"class":114},[28,45772,94],{"class":93},[28,45774,234],{"class":42},[28,45776,44675],{"class":46},[28,45778,234],{"class":42},[28,45780,8408],{"class":93},[28,45782,8411],{"class":120},[28,45784,8420],{"class":93},[28,45786,45787,45789,45791,45793],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45788,115],{"class":114},[28,45790,94],{"class":93},[28,45792,121],{"class":120},[28,45794,101],{"class":93},[44705,45796],{},[172,45798,45800],{"id":45799},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45802,45803,45804,45806],{},"These habits make ",[25,45805,2725],{}," easier and safer to use.",[177,45808,45809,45812,45817,45820],{},[180,45810,45811],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[180,45813,1631,45814,45816],{},[25,45815,45757],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[180,45818,45819],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[180,45821,1631,45822,45824],{},[25,45823,29571],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45826,45827,45828,271],{},"Example with ",[25,45829,45757],{},[18,45831,45833],{"className":20,"code":45832,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[25,45834,45835,45859],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45836,45837,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848,45851,45853,45855,45857],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45838,45839],{"class":34},"city ",[28,45841,39],{"class":38},[28,45843,8018],{"class":114},[28,45845,94],{"class":93},[28,45847,234],{"class":42},[28,45849,45850],{"class":46},"Enter your city: ",[28,45852,234],{"class":42},[28,45854,8408],{"class":93},[28,45856,8411],{"class":120},[28,45858,8420],{"class":93},[28,45860,45861,45863,45865,45867,45870,45872,45874,45876],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45862,115],{"class":114},[28,45864,94],{"class":93},[28,45866,234],{"class":42},[28,45868,45869],{"class":46},"City:",[28,45871,234],{"class":42},[28,45873,2759],{"class":93},[28,45875,31175],{"class":120},[28,45877,101],{"class":93},[14,45879,45827,45880,271],{},[25,45881,29571],{},[18,45883,45885],{"className":20,"code":45884,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[25,45886,45887,45893,45916,45948,45956],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,45888,45889,45891],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,45890,29593],{"class":3644},[28,45892,6170],{"class":93},[28,45894,45895,45898,45900,45902,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,45896,45897],{"class":34},"    age ",[28,45899,39],{"class":38},[28,45901,45064],{"class":89},[28,45903,94],{"class":93},[28,45905,42253],{"class":114},[28,45907,94],{"class":93},[28,45909,234],{"class":42},[28,45911,44969],{"class":46},[28,45913,234],{"class":42},[28,45915,318],{"class":93},[28,45917,45918,45920,45922,45924,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45944,45946],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,45919,7844],{"class":114},[28,45921,94],{"class":93},[28,45923,234],{"class":42},[28,45925,45926],{"class":46},"You will be",[28,45928,234],{"class":42},[28,45930,2759],{"class":93},[28,45932,45246],{"class":120},[28,45934,1828],{"class":38},[28,45936,5273],{"class":97},[28,45938,2759],{"class":93},[28,45940,43],{"class":42},[28,45942,45943],{"class":46},"next year",[28,45945,234],{"class":42},[28,45947,101],{"class":93},[28,45949,45950,45952,45954],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,45951,29624],{"class":3644},[28,45953,41718],{"class":89},[28,45955,6170],{"class":93},[28,45957,45958,45960,45962,45964,45967,45969],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,45959,7844],{"class":114},[28,45961,94],{"class":93},[28,45963,234],{"class":42},[28,45965,45966],{"class":46},"Please enter a whole number.",[28,45968,234],{"class":42},[28,45970,101],{"class":93},[14,45972,45973],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,45975,45976,45977,385],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[381,45978,45980],{"href":45979},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44705,45982],{},[172,45984,1104],{"id":1103},[14,45986,45987,45988,271],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[25,45989,2725],{},[177,45991,45992,45999,46002,46005],{},[180,45993,45994,45995,474,45997],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[25,45996,2645],{},[25,45998,2651],{},[180,46000,46001],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[180,46003,46004],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[180,46006,46007],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46009,31873],{},[18,46011,46013],{"className":20,"code":46012,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[25,46014,46015,46025,46039],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46016,46017,46019,46021,46023],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46018,115],{"class":114},[28,46020,94],{"class":93},[28,46022,2242],{"class":120},[28,46024,101],{"class":93},[28,46026,46027,46029,46031,46033,46035,46037],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46028,115],{"class":114},[28,46030,94],{"class":93},[28,46032,311],{"class":89},[28,46034,94],{"class":93},[28,46036,2242],{"class":120},[28,46038,318],{"class":93},[28,46040,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46042,115],{"class":114},[28,46044,94],{"class":93},[28,46046,1574],{"class":114},[28,46048,94],{"class":93},[28,46050,2242],{"class":120},[28,46052,318],{"class":93},[14,46054,46055,46056,46058],{},"These help you inspect what ",[25,46057,2725],{}," actually returned:",[177,46060,46061,46065,46069],{},[180,46062,46063,1588],{},[25,46064,41619],{},[180,46066,46067,1594],{},[25,46068,41625],{},[180,46070,46071,46073],{},[25,46072,41630],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46075,924],{},[18,46077,46079],{"className":20,"code":46078,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[25,46080,46081,46100,46110,46124],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46082,46083,46085,46087,46089,46091,46093,46096,46098],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46084,2216],{"class":34},[28,46086,39],{"class":38},[28,46088,8018],{"class":114},[28,46090,94],{"class":93},[28,46092,234],{"class":42},[28,46094,46095],{"class":46},"Enter something: ",[28,46097,234],{"class":42},[28,46099,101],{"class":93},[28,46101,46102,46104,46106,46108],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46103,115],{"class":114},[28,46105,94],{"class":93},[28,46107,2242],{"class":120},[28,46109,101],{"class":93},[28,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46113,115],{"class":114},[28,46115,94],{"class":93},[28,46117,311],{"class":89},[28,46119,94],{"class":93},[28,46121,2242],{"class":120},[28,46123,318],{"class":93},[28,46125,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46136],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,46127,115],{"class":114},[28,46129,94],{"class":93},[28,46131,1574],{"class":114},[28,46133,94],{"class":93},[28,46135,2242],{"class":120},[28,46137,318],{"class":93},[44705,46139],{},[172,46141,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,46143,12487,46145,46147],{"id":46144},"does-input-return-an-integer",[25,46146,2725],{}," return an integer?",[14,46149,46150,46151,46153,46154,39722],{},"No. ",[25,46152,2725],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[25,46155,2645],{},[1109,46157,46159,46160,2262],{"id":46158},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[25,46161,2725],{},[14,46163,46164,46165,46167],{},"No. You can call ",[25,46166,2725],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1109,46169,4931,46171,46174,46175,2262],{"id":46170},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[25,46172,46173],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[25,46176,2725],{},[14,46178,28851,46179,46181,46182,41946,46184,46186],{},[25,46180,2725],{}," returns strings. ",[25,46183,45494],{},[25,46185,45498],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1109,46188,46190],{"id":46189},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46192,1631,46193,46195,46196,385],{},[25,46194,45757],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[25,46197,46198],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44705,46200],{},[172,46202,1662],{"id":1661},[177,46204,46205,46210,46214,46220,46226,46230],{},[180,46206,46207],{},[381,46208,46209],{"href":45979},"How to get user input in Python",[180,46211,46212],{},[381,46213,8836],{"href":8758},[180,46215,46216],{},[381,46217,858,46218,861],{"href":2642},[25,46219,2645],{},[180,46221,46222],{},[381,46223,858,46224,861],{"href":2648},[25,46225,2651],{},[180,46227,46228],{},[381,46229,45704],{"href":45703},[180,46231,46232],{},[381,46233,858,46235,861],{"href":46234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[25,46236,46237],{},"print()",[1699,46239,46240],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":46242},[46243,46244,46246,46247,46249,46255,46263,46264,46265,46274],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":44709,"depth":53,"text":46245},"What input() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":44938,"depth":53,"text":46248},"What input() returns",{"id":45140,"depth":53,"text":45141,"children":46250},[46251,46252,46254],{"id":45144,"depth":70,"text":45145},{"id":45197,"depth":70,"text":46253},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45268,"depth":70,"text":45269},{"id":45503,"depth":53,"text":45504,"children":46256},[46257,46259,46260,46262],{"id":45512,"depth":70,"text":46258},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45579,"depth":70,"text":45580},{"id":45654,"depth":70,"text":46261},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45707,"depth":70,"text":45708},{"id":45799,"depth":53,"text":45800},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":46266},[46267,46269,46271,46273],{"id":46144,"depth":70,"text":46268},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46158,"depth":70,"text":46270},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46170,"depth":70,"text":46272},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46189,"depth":70,"text":46190},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41984,"description":46275},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46282,"title":41888,"body":46283,"description":48592,"extension":1730,"meta":48593,"navigation":107,"path":48594,"seo":48595,"stem":48596,"__hash__":48597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46284,"toc":48544},[46285,46290,46295,46300,46320,46323,46325,46385,46387,46405,46410,46415,46420,46422,46435,46437,46520,46522,46563,46569,46571,46601,46607,46610,46627,46629,46681,46683,46701,46707,46713,46716,46734,46736,46809,46811,46830,46837,46843,46848,46851,46911,46913,46932,46935,46938,46953,46959,46963,47024,47026,47047,47051,47180,47182,47311,47321,47327,47333,47341,47407,47409,47434,47437,47454,47466,47472,47475,47508,47510,47523,47526,47569,47571,47579,47586,47590,47597,47601,47628,47630,47638,47644,47661,47666,47670,47697,47699,47707,47711,47716,47719,47745,47748,47757,47765,47769,47779,47783,47786,47788,47839,47841,47871,47881,47908,47910,47918,47928,47932,47935,47937,47985,47987,48031,48037,48088,48090,48109,48114,48119,48122,48141,48144,48196,48198,48207,48209,48213,48217,48220,48229,48236,48238,48265,48269,48271,48280,48283,48290,48296,48356,48360,48362,48370,48373,48399,48405,48408,48428,48430,48439,48447,48449,48455,48460,48467,48477,48483,48491,48495,48498,48500,48541],[10,46286,858,46288,3344],{"id":46287},"python-int-function-explained",[25,46289,2645],{},[14,46291,32108,46292,46294],{},[25,46293,2645],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46296,35194,46297,46299],{},[25,46298,2645],{}," when they want to:",[177,46301,46302,46311,46314,46317],{},[180,46303,46304,46305,46308,46309],{},"turn text like ",[25,46306,46307],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[25,46310,703],{},[180,46312,46313],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[180,46315,46316],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[180,46318,46319],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46321,46322],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[172,46324,1771],{"id":1770},[18,46326,46328],{"className":20,"code":46327,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[25,46329,46330,46348,46362],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46331,46332,46334,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46333,115],{"class":114},[28,46335,94],{"class":93},[28,46337,372],{"class":89},[28,46339,94],{"class":93},[28,46341,234],{"class":42},[28,46343,703],{"class":46},[28,46345,234],{"class":42},[28,46347,318],{"class":93},[28,46349,46350,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46351,115],{"class":114},[28,46353,94],{"class":93},[28,46355,372],{"class":89},[28,46357,94],{"class":93},[28,46359,41776],{"class":97},[28,46361,318],{"class":93},[28,46363,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374,46377,46379,46381,46383],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46365,115],{"class":114},[28,46367,94],{"class":93},[28,46369,372],{"class":89},[28,46371,94],{"class":93},[28,46373,234],{"class":42},[28,46375,46376],{"class":46},"101",[28,46378,234],{"class":42},[28,46380,2759],{"class":93},[28,46382,2762],{"class":97},[28,46384,318],{"class":93},[14,46386,336],{},[18,46388,46390],{"className":20,"code":46389,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"42\n3\n5\n",[25,46391,46392,46396,46401],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46393,46394],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46395,741],{"class":97},[28,46397,46398],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46399,46400],{"class":97},"3\n",[28,46402,46403],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46404,2714],{"class":97},[14,46406,1631,46407,46409],{},[25,46408,2645],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[172,46411,3445,46413,3448],{"id":46412},"what-int-does",[25,46414,2645],{},[14,46416,46417,46419],{},[25,46418,2645],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46421,12836],{},[177,46423,46424,46429,46432],{},[180,46425,46426,46427,7115],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[25,46428,372],{},[180,46430,46431],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[180,46433,46434],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46436,924],{},[18,46438,46440],{"className":20,"code":46439,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[25,46441,46442,46454,46468,46472,46482,46492,46506],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46443,46444,46446,46448,46450,46452],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46445,84],{"class":34},[28,46447,39],{"class":38},[28,46449,43],{"class":42},[28,46451,8972],{"class":46},[28,46453,50],{"class":42},[28,46455,46456,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46457,293],{"class":34},[28,46459,39],{"class":38},[28,46461,45064],{"class":89},[28,46463,94],{"class":93},[28,46465,157],{"class":120},[28,46467,101],{"class":93},[28,46469,46470],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46471,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,46473,46474,46476,46478,46480],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,46475,115],{"class":114},[28,46477,94],{"class":93},[28,46479,157],{"class":120},[28,46481,101],{"class":93},[28,46483,46484,46486,46488,46490],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,46485,115],{"class":114},[28,46487,94],{"class":93},[28,46489,331],{"class":120},[28,46491,101],{"class":93},[28,46493,46494,46496,46498,46500,46502,46504],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,46495,115],{"class":114},[28,46497,94],{"class":93},[28,46499,311],{"class":89},[28,46501,94],{"class":93},[28,46503,157],{"class":120},[28,46505,318],{"class":93},[28,46507,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,46509,115],{"class":114},[28,46511,94],{"class":93},[28,46513,311],{"class":89},[28,46515,94],{"class":93},[28,46517,331],{"class":120},[28,46519,318],{"class":93},[14,46521,336],{},[18,46523,46525],{"className":20,"code":46524,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,46526,46527,46531,46535,46549],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46528,46529],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46530,2477],{"class":97},[28,46532,46533],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46534,2477],{"class":97},[28,46536,46537,46539,46541,46543,46545,46547],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46538,346],{"class":38},[28,46540,350],{"class":349},[28,46542,61],{"class":42},[28,46544,355],{"class":46},[28,46546,358],{"class":42},[28,46548,361],{"class":38},[28,46550,46551,46553,46555,46557,46559,46561],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,46552,346],{"class":38},[28,46554,350],{"class":349},[28,46556,61],{"class":42},[28,46558,372],{"class":46},[28,46560,358],{"class":42},[28,46562,361],{"class":38},[14,46564,46565,46566,46568],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[25,46567,2645],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[172,46570,1927],{"id":1926},[18,46572,46574],{"className":20,"code":46573,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[25,46575,46576,46586],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46577,46578,46580,46582,46584],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46579,372],{"class":89},[28,46581,94],{"class":93},[28,46583,1944],{"class":120},[28,46585,101],{"class":93},[28,46587,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596,46599],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46589,372],{"class":89},[28,46591,94],{"class":93},[28,46593,1944],{"class":120},[28,46595,2759],{"class":93},[28,46597,46598],{"class":120}," base",[28,46600,101],{"class":93},[1109,46602,46604],{"id":46603},"intx",[25,46605,46606],{},"int(x)",[14,46608,46609],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[177,46611,46612,46617,46622],{},[180,46613,46614,46615],{},"a string such as ",[25,46616,1651],{},[180,46618,46619,46620],{},"a float such as ",[25,46621,41776],{},[180,46623,46624,46625],{},"a boolean such as ",[25,46626,777],{},[14,46628,924],{},[18,46630,46632],{"className":20,"code":46631,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[25,46633,46634,46652,46667],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46635,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46637,115],{"class":114},[28,46639,94],{"class":93},[28,46641,372],{"class":89},[28,46643,94],{"class":93},[28,46645,234],{"class":42},[28,46647,2099],{"class":46},[28,46649,234],{"class":42},[28,46651,318],{"class":93},[28,46653,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662,46665],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46655,115],{"class":114},[28,46657,94],{"class":93},[28,46659,372],{"class":89},[28,46661,94],{"class":93},[28,46663,46664],{"class":97},"8.7",[28,46666,318],{"class":93},[28,46668,46669,46671,46673,46675,46677,46679],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46670,115],{"class":114},[28,46672,94],{"class":93},[28,46674,372],{"class":89},[28,46676,94],{"class":93},[28,46678,777],{"class":776},[28,46680,318],{"class":93},[14,46682,336],{},[18,46684,46686],{"className":20,"code":46685,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10\n8\n1\n",[25,46687,46688,46692,46696],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46689,46690],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46691,2145],{"class":97},[28,46693,46694],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46695,2150],{"class":97},[28,46697,46698],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46699,46700],{"class":97},"1\n",[1109,46702,46704],{"id":46703},"intx-base",[25,46705,46706],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46708,46709,46710,46712],{},"Use this form when ",[25,46711,1944],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46714,46715],{},"Common bases:",[177,46717,46718,46723,46728],{},[180,46719,46720,46722],{},[25,46721,1825],{}," for binary",[180,46724,46725,46727],{},[25,46726,2114],{}," for octal",[180,46729,46730,46733],{},[25,46731,46732],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46735,924],{},[18,46737,46739],{"className":20,"code":46738,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[25,46740,46741,46763,46786],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46742,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46759,46761],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46744,115],{"class":114},[28,46746,94],{"class":93},[28,46748,372],{"class":89},[28,46750,94],{"class":93},[28,46752,234],{"class":42},[28,46754,46376],{"class":46},[28,46756,234],{"class":42},[28,46758,2759],{"class":93},[28,46760,2762],{"class":97},[28,46762,318],{"class":93},[28,46764,46765,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46778,46780,46782,46784],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46766,115],{"class":114},[28,46768,94],{"class":93},[28,46770,372],{"class":89},[28,46772,94],{"class":93},[28,46774,234],{"class":42},[28,46776,46777],{"class":46},"17",[28,46779,234],{"class":42},[28,46781,2759],{"class":93},[28,46783,6136],{"class":97},[28,46785,318],{"class":93},[28,46787,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798,46801,46803,46805,46807],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46789,115],{"class":114},[28,46791,94],{"class":93},[28,46793,372],{"class":89},[28,46795,94],{"class":93},[28,46797,234],{"class":42},[28,46799,46800],{"class":46},"1A",[28,46802,234],{"class":42},[28,46804,2759],{"class":93},[28,46806,13773],{"class":97},[28,46808,318],{"class":93},[14,46810,336],{},[18,46812,46814],{"className":20,"code":46813,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5\n15\n26\n",[25,46815,46816,46820,46825],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46817,46818],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46819,2714],{"class":97},[28,46821,46822],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46823,46824],{"class":97},"15\n",[28,46826,46827],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46828,46829],{"class":97},"26\n",[14,46831,46832,46833,385],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[381,46834,46835,2071],{"href":2648},[25,46836,2651],{},[172,46838,8194,46840,46842],{"id":46839},"using-int-with-strings",[25,46841,2645],{}," with strings",[14,46844,46845,46847],{},[25,46846,2645],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46849,46850],{},"Examples that work:",[18,46852,46854],{"className":20,"code":46853,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[25,46855,46856,46874,46892],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46857,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46859,115],{"class":114},[28,46861,94],{"class":93},[28,46863,372],{"class":89},[28,46865,94],{"class":93},[28,46867,234],{"class":42},[28,46869,1905],{"class":46},[28,46871,234],{"class":42},[28,46873,318],{"class":93},[28,46875,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46890],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46877,115],{"class":114},[28,46879,94],{"class":93},[28,46881,372],{"class":89},[28,46883,94],{"class":93},[28,46885,234],{"class":42},[28,46887,2061],{"class":46},[28,46889,234],{"class":42},[28,46891,318],{"class":93},[28,46893,46894,46896,46898,46900,46902,46904,46907,46909],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46895,115],{"class":114},[28,46897,94],{"class":93},[28,46899,372],{"class":89},[28,46901,94],{"class":93},[28,46903,234],{"class":42},[28,46905,46906],{"class":46},"  42  ",[28,46908,234],{"class":42},[28,46910,318],{"class":93},[14,46912,336],{},[18,46914,46916],{"className":20,"code":46915,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5\n-12\n42\n",[25,46917,46918,46922,46928],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46919,46920],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46921,2714],{"class":97},[28,46923,46924,46926],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46925,1790],{"class":38},[28,46927,1994],{"class":97},[28,46929,46930],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,46931,741],{"class":97},[14,46933,46934],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,46936,46937],{},"Examples that fail:",[18,46939,46941],{"className":20,"code":46940,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[25,46942,46943,46948],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46944,46945],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46946,46947],{"class":1006},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[28,46949,46950],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46951,46952],{"class":1006},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,46954,46955,46956,46958],{},"These raise ",[25,46957,40496],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1109,46960,46962],{"id":46961},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[18,46964,46966],{"className":20,"code":46965,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[25,46967,46968,46986,47005],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,46969,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,46971,115],{"class":114},[28,46973,94],{"class":93},[28,46975,372],{"class":89},[28,46977,94],{"class":93},[28,46979,234],{"class":42},[28,46981,1888],{"class":46},[28,46983,234],{"class":42},[28,46985,318],{"class":93},[28,46987,46988,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998,47001,47003],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,46989,115],{"class":114},[28,46991,94],{"class":93},[28,46993,372],{"class":89},[28,46995,94],{"class":93},[28,46997,234],{"class":42},[28,46999,47000],{"class":46},"+7",[28,47002,234],{"class":42},[28,47004,318],{"class":93},[28,47006,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015,47017,47020,47022],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47008,115],{"class":114},[28,47010,94],{"class":93},[28,47012,372],{"class":89},[28,47014,94],{"class":93},[28,47016,234],{"class":42},[28,47018,47019],{"class":46},"-100",[28,47021,234],{"class":42},[28,47023,318],{"class":93},[14,47025,336],{},[18,47027,47029],{"className":20,"code":47028,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0\n7\n-100\n",[25,47030,47031,47036,47040],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47032,47033],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47034,47035],{"class":97},"0\n",[28,47037,47038],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47039,1848],{"class":97},[28,47041,47042,47044],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47043,1790],{"class":38},[28,47045,47046],{"class":97},"100\n",[1109,47048,47050],{"id":47049},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[18,47052,47054],{"className":20,"code":47053,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[25,47055,47056,47094,47098,47110,47117,47132,47147],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47090,47092],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47059,3591],{"class":34},[28,47061,39],{"class":38},[28,47063,3388],{"class":93},[28,47065,234],{"class":42},[28,47067,792],{"class":46},[28,47069,234],{"class":42},[28,47071,2759],{"class":93},[28,47073,43],{"class":42},[28,47075,47076],{"class":46},"12abc",[28,47078,234],{"class":42},[28,47080,2759],{"class":93},[28,47082,5903],{"class":42},[28,47084,2759],{"class":93},[28,47086,43],{"class":42},[28,47088,47089],{"class":46},"seven",[28,47091,234],{"class":42},[28,47093,3401],{"class":93},[28,47095,47096],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47097,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,47099,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47101,5734],{"class":3644},[28,47103,21372],{"class":34},[28,47105,3651],{"class":3644},[28,47107,3654],{"class":34},[28,47109,6170],{"class":93},[28,47111,47112,47115],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47113,47114],{"class":3644},"    try",[28,47116,6170],{"class":93},[28,47118,47119,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,47120,47121],{"class":114},"        print",[28,47123,94],{"class":93},[28,47125,372],{"class":89},[28,47127,94],{"class":93},[28,47129,2242],{"class":120},[28,47131,318],{"class":93},[28,47133,47134,47137,47139,47142,47145],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,47135,47136],{"class":3644},"    except",[28,47138,41718],{"class":89},[28,47140,47141],{"class":3644}," as",[28,47143,47144],{"class":34}," error",[28,47146,6170],{"class":93},[28,47148,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47164,47166,47169,47171,47174,47176,47178],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,47150,47121],{"class":114},[28,47152,94],{"class":93},[28,47154,22081],{"class":349},[28,47156,234],{"class":46},[28,47158,9057],{"class":97},[28,47160,2242],{"class":120},[28,47162,47163],{"class":349},"!r",[28,47165,22090],{"class":97},[28,47167,47168],{"class":46}," -> ",[28,47170,9057],{"class":97},[28,47172,47173],{"class":120},"error",[28,47175,22090],{"class":97},[28,47177,234],{"class":46},[28,47179,101],{"class":93},[14,47181,336],{},[18,47183,47185],{"className":20,"code":47184,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[25,47186,47187,47223,47255,47279],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47188,47189,47191,47193,47195,47198,47201,47203,47205,47207,47210,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47190,358],{"class":233},[28,47192,792],{"class":237},[28,47194,358],{"class":233},[28,47196,47197],{"class":37158}," ->",[28,47199,47200],{"class":34}," invalid literal ",[28,47202,5734],{"class":3644},[28,47204,45064],{"class":89},[28,47206,7141],{"class":93},[28,47208,47209],{"class":3644}," with",[28,47211,47212],{"class":34}," base ",[28,47214,2099],{"class":97},[28,47216,271],{"class":93},[28,47218,61],{"class":42},[28,47220,792],{"class":46},[28,47222,67],{"class":42},[28,47224,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245,47247,47249,47251,47253],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47226,358],{"class":42},[28,47228,47076],{"class":46},[28,47230,358],{"class":42},[28,47232,47197],{"class":37158},[28,47234,47200],{"class":34},[28,47236,5734],{"class":3644},[28,47238,45064],{"class":89},[28,47240,7141],{"class":93},[28,47242,47209],{"class":3644},[28,47244,47212],{"class":34},[28,47246,2099],{"class":97},[28,47248,271],{"class":93},[28,47250,61],{"class":42},[28,47252,47076],{"class":46},[28,47254,67],{"class":42},[28,47256,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47258,477],{"class":42},[28,47260,47197],{"class":37158},[28,47262,47200],{"class":34},[28,47264,5734],{"class":3644},[28,47266,45064],{"class":89},[28,47268,7141],{"class":93},[28,47270,47209],{"class":3644},[28,47272,47212],{"class":34},[28,47274,2099],{"class":97},[28,47276,271],{"class":93},[28,47278,501],{"class":42},[28,47280,47281,47283,47285,47287,47289,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47282,358],{"class":42},[28,47284,47089],{"class":46},[28,47286,358],{"class":42},[28,47288,47197],{"class":37158},[28,47290,47200],{"class":34},[28,47292,5734],{"class":3644},[28,47294,45064],{"class":89},[28,47296,7141],{"class":93},[28,47298,47209],{"class":3644},[28,47300,47212],{"class":34},[28,47302,2099],{"class":97},[28,47304,271],{"class":93},[28,47306,61],{"class":42},[28,47308,47089],{"class":46},[28,47310,67],{"class":42},[14,47312,47313,47314,47316,47317,385],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[381,47315,8759],{"href":8758}," and the ",[381,47318,47319,2071],{"href":7995},[25,47320,2725],{},[172,47322,8194,47324,47326],{"id":47323},"using-int-with-floats",[25,47325,2645],{}," with floats",[14,47328,47329,47330,47332],{},"When you pass a float to ",[25,47331,2645],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47334,47335,47336,13839,47338,47340],{},"Important: ",[25,47337,2645],{},[163,47339,4402],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[18,47342,47344],{"className":20,"code":47343,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[25,47345,47346,47360,47375,47391],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47347,47348,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47349,115],{"class":114},[28,47351,94],{"class":93},[28,47353,372],{"class":89},[28,47355,94],{"class":93},[28,47357,41776],{"class":97},[28,47359,318],{"class":93},[28,47361,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47373],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47363,115],{"class":114},[28,47365,94],{"class":93},[28,47367,372],{"class":89},[28,47369,94],{"class":93},[28,47371,47372],{"class":97},"3.1",[28,47374,318],{"class":93},[28,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47378,115],{"class":114},[28,47380,94],{"class":93},[28,47382,372],{"class":89},[28,47384,94],{"class":93},[28,47386,1790],{"class":38},[28,47388,41776],{"class":97},[28,47390,318],{"class":93},[28,47392,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47394,115],{"class":114},[28,47396,94],{"class":93},[28,47398,372],{"class":89},[28,47400,94],{"class":93},[28,47402,1790],{"class":38},[28,47404,47372],{"class":97},[28,47406,318],{"class":93},[14,47408,336],{},[18,47410,47412],{"className":20,"code":47411,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[25,47413,47414,47418,47422,47428],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47415,47416],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47417,46400],{"class":97},[28,47419,47420],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47421,46400],{"class":97},[28,47423,47424,47426],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47425,1790],{"class":38},[28,47427,46400],{"class":97},[28,47429,47430,47432],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47431,1790],{"class":38},[28,47433,46400],{"class":97},[14,47435,47436],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[177,47438,47439,47446],{},[180,47440,47441,41946,47444],{},[25,47442,47443],{},"int(3.9)",[25,47445,1831],{},[180,47447,47448,41946,47451],{},[25,47449,47450],{},"int(-3.9)",[25,47452,47453],{},"-3",[14,47455,47456,47457,47461,47462,385],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[381,47458,47459],{"href":2648},[25,47460,2651],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[381,47463,47464],{"href":857},[25,47465,169],{},[172,47467,8194,47469,47471],{"id":47468},"using-int-with-booleans",[25,47470,2645],{}," with booleans",[14,47473,47474],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[18,47476,47478],{"className":20,"code":47477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[25,47479,47480,47494],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47481,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47483,115],{"class":114},[28,47485,94],{"class":93},[28,47487,372],{"class":89},[28,47489,94],{"class":93},[28,47491,777],{"class":776},[28,47493,318],{"class":93},[28,47495,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47497,115],{"class":114},[28,47499,94],{"class":93},[28,47501,372],{"class":89},[28,47503,94],{"class":93},[28,47505,3441],{"class":776},[28,47507,318],{"class":93},[14,47509,336],{},[18,47511,47513],{"className":20,"code":47512,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1\n0\n",[25,47514,47515,47519],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47516,47517],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47518,46700],{"class":97},[28,47520,47521],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47522,47035],{"class":97},[14,47524,47525],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[18,47527,47529],{"className":20,"code":47528,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[25,47530,47531,47540,47555,47559],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47532,47533,47536,47538],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47534,47535],{"class":34},"passed ",[28,47537,39],{"class":38},[28,47539,6199],{"class":776},[28,47541,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47553],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47543,40975],{"class":34},[28,47545,39],{"class":38},[28,47547,45064],{"class":89},[28,47549,94],{"class":93},[28,47551,47552],{"class":120},"passed",[28,47554,101],{"class":93},[28,47556,47557],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47558,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,47560,47561,47563,47565,47567],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47562,115],{"class":114},[28,47564,94],{"class":93},[28,47566,41004],{"class":120},[28,47568,101],{"class":93},[14,47570,336],{},[18,47572,47573],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,47574,47575],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47576,47577],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47578,46700],{"class":97},[14,47580,47581,47582,385],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[381,47583,47584,2071],{"href":5556},[25,47585,3581],{},[172,47587,47589],{"id":47588},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47591,47592,47593,47596],{},"Use the ",[25,47594,47595],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1109,47598,47600],{"id":47599},"binary-example","Binary example",[18,47602,47604],{"className":20,"code":47603,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[25,47605,47606],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47607,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47609,115],{"class":114},[28,47611,94],{"class":93},[28,47613,372],{"class":89},[28,47615,94],{"class":93},[28,47617,234],{"class":42},[28,47619,46376],{"class":46},[28,47621,234],{"class":42},[28,47623,2759],{"class":93},[28,47625,2762],{"class":97},[28,47627,318],{"class":93},[14,47629,336],{},[18,47631,47632],{"className":20,"code":2714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,47633,47634],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47635,47636],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47637,2714],{"class":97},[14,47639,47640,47643],{},[25,47641,47642],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[177,47645,47646,47651,47656],{},[180,47647,47648],{},[25,47649,47650],{},"1 × 4",[180,47652,47653],{},[25,47654,47655],{},"0 × 2",[180,47657,47658],{},[25,47659,47660],{},"1 × 1",[14,47662,47663,47664,385],{},"So the result is ",[25,47665,1905],{},[1109,47667,47669],{"id":47668},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[18,47671,47673],{"className":20,"code":47672,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[25,47674,47675],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47676,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47678,115],{"class":114},[28,47680,94],{"class":93},[28,47682,372],{"class":89},[28,47684,94],{"class":93},[28,47686,234],{"class":42},[28,47688,46800],{"class":46},[28,47690,234],{"class":42},[28,47692,2759],{"class":93},[28,47694,13773],{"class":97},[28,47696,318],{"class":93},[14,47698,336],{},[18,47700,47701],{"className":20,"code":46829,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,47702,47703],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47704,47705],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47706,46829],{"class":97},[1109,47708,47710],{"id":47709},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47712,679,47713,47715],{},[25,47714,47595],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47717,47718],{},"Good:",[18,47720,47721],{"className":20,"code":47603,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,47722,47723],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47724,47725,47727,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739,47741,47743],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47726,115],{"class":114},[28,47728,94],{"class":93},[28,47730,372],{"class":89},[28,47732,94],{"class":93},[28,47734,234],{"class":42},[28,47736,46376],{"class":46},[28,47738,234],{"class":42},[28,47740,2759],{"class":93},[28,47742,2762],{"class":97},[28,47744,318],{"class":93},[14,47746,47747],{},"Not correct:",[18,47749,47751],{"className":20,"code":47750,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# int(101, 2)\n",[25,47752,47753],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47754,47755],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47756,47750],{"class":1006},[14,47758,47759,47760,1136,47762,47764],{},"That causes a ",[25,47761,2775],{},[25,47763,47595],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[172,47766,47768],{"id":47767},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47770,47771,47772,47774,47775,1323,47777,385],{},"Two common errors with ",[25,47773,2645],{}," are ",[25,47776,40496],{},[25,47778,2775],{},[1109,47780,47781],{"id":41306},[25,47782,40496],{},[14,47784,47785],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47787,924],{},[18,47789,47791],{"className":20,"code":47790,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[25,47792,47793,47799,47817,47829],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47794,47795,47797],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47796,29593],{"class":3644},[28,47798,6170],{"class":93},[28,47800,47801,47803,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813,47815],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47802,7844],{"class":114},[28,47804,94],{"class":93},[28,47806,372],{"class":89},[28,47808,94],{"class":93},[28,47810,234],{"class":42},[28,47812,792],{"class":46},[28,47814,234],{"class":42},[28,47816,318],{"class":93},[28,47818,47819,47821,47823,47825,47827],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47820,29624],{"class":3644},[28,47822,41718],{"class":89},[28,47824,47141],{"class":3644},[28,47826,47144],{"class":34},[28,47828,6170],{"class":93},[28,47830,47831,47833,47835,47837],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47832,7844],{"class":114},[28,47834,94],{"class":93},[28,47836,47173],{"class":120},[28,47838,101],{"class":93},[14,47840,336],{},[18,47842,47844],{"className":20,"code":47843,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[25,47845,47846],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47847,47848,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47863,47865,47867,47869],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47849,47850],{"class":34},"invalid literal ",[28,47852,5734],{"class":3644},[28,47854,45064],{"class":89},[28,47856,7141],{"class":93},[28,47858,47209],{"class":3644},[28,47860,47212],{"class":34},[28,47862,2099],{"class":97},[28,47864,271],{"class":93},[28,47866,61],{"class":42},[28,47868,792],{"class":46},[28,47870,67],{"class":42},[14,47872,47873,47874,47877,47878,47880],{},"A decimal string like ",[25,47875,47876],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[25,47879,2645],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[18,47882,47884],{"className":20,"code":47883,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[25,47885,47886],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47887,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47889,115],{"class":114},[28,47891,94],{"class":93},[28,47893,372],{"class":89},[28,47895,94],{"class":93},[28,47897,1962],{"class":89},[28,47899,94],{"class":93},[28,47901,234],{"class":42},[28,47903,792],{"class":46},[28,47905,234],{"class":42},[28,47907,2679],{"class":93},[14,47909,336],{},[18,47911,47912],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,47913,47914],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47915,47916],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47917,46400],{"class":97},[14,47919,47920,47921,1323,47924,385],{},"If you see this often, read ",[381,47922,47923],{"href":2729},"how to convert string to int in Python",[381,47925,25468,47926],{"href":45703},[25,47927,45704],{},[1109,47929,47930],{"id":41372},[25,47931,2775],{},[14,47933,47934],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,47936,924],{},[18,47938,47940],{"className":20,"code":47939,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[25,47941,47942,47948,47962,47975],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47943,47944,47946],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47945,29593],{"class":3644},[28,47947,6170],{"class":93},[28,47949,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,47951,7844],{"class":114},[28,47953,94],{"class":93},[28,47955,372],{"class":89},[28,47957,94],{"class":93},[28,47959,3546],{"class":776},[28,47961,318],{"class":93},[28,47963,47964,47966,47969,47971,47973],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,47965,29624],{"class":3644},[28,47967,47968],{"class":89}," TypeError",[28,47970,47141],{"class":3644},[28,47972,47144],{"class":34},[28,47974,6170],{"class":93},[28,47976,47977,47979,47981,47983],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,47978,7844],{"class":114},[28,47980,94],{"class":93},[28,47982,47173],{"class":120},[28,47984,101],{"class":93},[14,47986,336],{},[18,47988,47990],{"className":20,"code":47989,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[25,47991,47992],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,47993,47994,47996,47998,48001,48003,48005,48008,48010,48013,48015,48018,48020,48022,48024,48026,48029],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,47995,372],{"class":89},[28,47997,7141],{"class":93},[28,47999,48000],{"class":34}," argument must be a string",[28,48002,2759],{"class":93},[28,48004,44333],{"class":34},[28,48006,48007],{"class":89},"bytes",[28,48009,1790],{"class":38},[28,48011,48012],{"class":34},"like ",[28,48014,42189],{"class":89},[28,48016,48017],{"class":38}," or",[28,48019,40632],{"class":34},[28,48021,2759],{"class":93},[28,48023,7875],{"class":38},[28,48025,61],{"class":42},[28,48027,48028],{"class":46},"NoneType",[28,48030,67],{"class":42},[14,48032,48033,48034,48036],{},"Another example is using the ",[25,48035,47595],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[18,48038,48040],{"className":20,"code":48039,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[25,48041,48042,48048,48066,48078],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48043,48044,48046],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48045,29593],{"class":3644},[28,48047,6170],{"class":93},[28,48049,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48051,7844],{"class":114},[28,48053,94],{"class":93},[28,48055,372],{"class":89},[28,48057,94],{"class":93},[28,48059,46376],{"class":97},[28,48061,2759],{"class":93},[28,48063,2762],{"class":97},[28,48065,318],{"class":93},[28,48067,48068,48070,48072,48074,48076],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48069,29624],{"class":3644},[28,48071,47968],{"class":89},[28,48073,47141],{"class":3644},[28,48075,47144],{"class":34},[28,48077,6170],{"class":93},[28,48079,48080,48082,48084,48086],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,48081,7844],{"class":114},[28,48083,94],{"class":93},[28,48085,47173],{"class":120},[28,48087,101],{"class":93},[14,48089,336],{},[18,48091,48093],{"className":20,"code":48092,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[25,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48096,48097,48099,48101,48104,48106],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48098,372],{"class":89},[28,48100,7141],{"class":93},[28,48102,48103],{"class":34}," can",[28,48105,358],{"class":42},[28,48107,48108],{"class":46},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[172,48110,4734,48112],{"id":48111},"when-to-use-int",[25,48113,2645],{},[14,48115,1631,48116,48118],{},[25,48117,2645],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48120,48121],{},"Common uses:",[177,48123,48124,48130,48133,48136],{},[180,48125,48126,48127,48129],{},"Convert user input from ",[25,48128,2725],{}," into integers",[180,48131,48132],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[180,48134,48135],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[180,48137,48138,48139,36406],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[25,48140,47595],{},[14,48142,48143],{},"Example with user input:",[18,48145,48147],{"className":20,"code":48146,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[25,48148,48149,48163,48178,48182],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48150,48151,48154,48156,48158,48161],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48152,48153],{"class":34},"age_text ",[28,48155,39],{"class":38},[28,48157,43],{"class":42},[28,48159,48160],{"class":46},"18",[28,48162,50],{"class":42},[28,48164,48165,48167,48169,48171,48173,48176],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48166,807],{"class":34},[28,48168,39],{"class":38},[28,48170,45064],{"class":89},[28,48172,94],{"class":93},[28,48174,48175],{"class":120},"age_text",[28,48177,101],{"class":93},[28,48179,48180],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48181,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,48183,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,48185,115],{"class":114},[28,48187,94],{"class":93},[28,48189,807],{"class":120},[28,48191,1828],{"class":38},[28,48193,5273],{"class":97},[28,48195,101],{"class":93},[14,48197,336],{},[18,48199,48201],{"className":20,"code":48200,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"19\n",[25,48202,48203],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48204,48205],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48206,48200],{"class":97},[172,48208,1104],{"id":1103},[14,48210,14519,48211,385],{},[25,48212,2645],{},[1109,48214,48216],{"id":48215},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48218,48219],{},"This fails:",[18,48221,48223],{"className":20,"code":48222,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[25,48224,48225],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48226,48227],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48228,48222],{"class":1006},[14,48230,48231,48232,48235],{},"Why: ",[25,48233,48234],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48237,18628],{},[18,48239,48241],{"className":20,"code":48240,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[25,48242,48243],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48244,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259,48261,48263],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48246,115],{"class":114},[28,48248,94],{"class":93},[28,48250,372],{"class":89},[28,48252,94],{"class":93},[28,48254,1962],{"class":89},[28,48256,94],{"class":93},[28,48258,234],{"class":42},[28,48260,40916],{"class":46},[28,48262,234],{"class":42},[28,48264,2679],{"class":93},[1109,48266,48268],{"id":48267},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48270,48219],{},[18,48272,48274],{"className":20,"code":48273,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[25,48275,48276],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48277,48278],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48279,48273],{"class":1006},[14,48281,48282],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1109,48284,48286,48287],{"id":48285},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[25,48288,48289],{},"int(None)",[14,48291,48292,48293,48295],{},"This fails because ",[25,48294,3546],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[18,48297,48299],{"className":20,"code":48298,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[25,48300,48301,48310,48314,48320,48334,48346],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48302,48303,48305,48307],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48304,2216],{"class":34},[28,48306,39],{"class":38},[28,48308,48309],{"class":776}," None\n",[28,48311,48312],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48313,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,48315,48316,48318],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48317,29593],{"class":3644},[28,48319,6170],{"class":93},[28,48321,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,48323,7844],{"class":114},[28,48325,94],{"class":93},[28,48327,372],{"class":89},[28,48329,94],{"class":93},[28,48331,2242],{"class":120},[28,48333,318],{"class":93},[28,48335,48336,48338,48340,48342,48344],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,48337,29624],{"class":3644},[28,48339,47968],{"class":89},[28,48341,47141],{"class":3644},[28,48343,47144],{"class":34},[28,48345,6170],{"class":93},[28,48347,48348,48350,48352,48354],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,48349,7844],{"class":114},[28,48351,94],{"class":93},[28,48353,47173],{"class":120},[28,48355,101],{"class":93},[1109,48357,48359],{"id":48358},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48361,48219],{},[18,48363,48364],{"className":20,"code":47750,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,48365,48366],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48367,48368],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48369,47750],{"class":1006},[14,48371,48372],{},"Use a string instead:",[18,48374,48375],{"className":20,"code":47603,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,48376,48377],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48378,48379,48381,48383,48385,48387,48389,48391,48393,48395,48397],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48380,115],{"class":114},[28,48382,94],{"class":93},[28,48384,372],{"class":89},[28,48386,94],{"class":93},[28,48388,234],{"class":42},[28,48390,46376],{"class":46},[28,48392,234],{"class":42},[28,48394,2759],{"class":93},[28,48396,2762],{"class":97},[28,48398,318],{"class":93},[1109,48400,8230,48402,48404],{"id":48401},"expecting-int-to-round",[25,48403,2645],{}," to round",[14,48406,48407],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[18,48409,48411],{"className":20,"code":48410,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(int(4.9))\n",[25,48412,48413],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48414,48415,48417,48419,48421,48423,48426],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48416,115],{"class":114},[28,48418,94],{"class":93},[28,48420,372],{"class":89},[28,48422,94],{"class":93},[28,48424,48425],{"class":97},"4.9",[28,48427,318],{"class":93},[14,48429,336],{},[18,48431,48433],{"className":20,"code":48432,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"4\n",[25,48434,48435],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48436,48437],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48438,48432],{"class":97},[14,48440,2940,48441,48443,48444,48446],{},[25,48442,1905],{},", remember that ",[25,48445,2645],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[172,48448,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,48450,12487,48452,48454],{"id":48451},"does-int-round-numbers",[25,48453,2645],{}," round numbers?",[14,48456,46150,48457,48459],{},[25,48458,2645],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1109,48461,4931,48463,48466],{"id":48462},"why-does-int314-fail",[25,48464,48465],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48468,28851,48469,48471,48472,48474,48475,39722],{},[25,48470,47876],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[25,48473,2651],{}," first, then use ",[25,48476,2645],{},[1109,48478,4915,48480,12499],{"id":48479},"what-does-inttrue-return",[25,48481,48482],{},"int(True)",[14,48484,4921,48485,28103,48487,41946,48489,385],{},[25,48486,2756],{},[25,48488,3441],{},[25,48490,1888],{},[1109,48492,48494],{"id":48493},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48496,48497],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[172,48499,1662],{"id":1661},[177,48501,48502,48508,48514,48520,48525,48529,48535],{},[180,48503,48504],{},[381,48505,48506,861],{"href":2648},[25,48507,2651],{},[180,48509,48510],{},[381,48511,48512,861],{"href":857},[25,48513,169],{},[180,48515,48516],{},[381,48517,48518,861],{"href":5556},[25,48519,3581],{},[180,48521,48522],{},[381,48523,48524],{"href":2729},"How to convert string to int in Python",[180,48526,48527],{},[381,48528,8836],{"href":8758},[180,48530,48531],{},[381,48532,48533,861],{"href":7995},[25,48534,2725],{},[180,48536,48537],{},[381,48538,30137,48539],{"href":45703},[25,48540,45704],{},[1699,48542,48543],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":48545},[48546,48547,48549,48553,48558,48560,48562,48567,48571,48573,48582,48591],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":46412,"depth":53,"text":48548},"What int() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":48550},[48551,48552],{"id":46603,"depth":70,"text":46606},{"id":46703,"depth":70,"text":46706},{"id":46839,"depth":53,"text":48554,"children":48555},"Using int() with strings",[48556,48557],{"id":46961,"depth":70,"text":46962},{"id":47049,"depth":70,"text":47050},{"id":47323,"depth":53,"text":48559},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47468,"depth":53,"text":48561},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47588,"depth":53,"text":47589,"children":48563},[48564,48565,48566],{"id":47599,"depth":70,"text":47600},{"id":47668,"depth":70,"text":47669},{"id":47709,"depth":70,"text":47710},{"id":47767,"depth":53,"text":47768,"children":48568},[48569,48570],{"id":41306,"depth":70,"text":40496},{"id":41372,"depth":70,"text":2775},{"id":48111,"depth":53,"text":48572},"When to use int()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":48574},[48575,48576,48577,48579,48580],{"id":48215,"depth":70,"text":48216},{"id":48267,"depth":70,"text":48268},{"id":48285,"depth":70,"text":48578},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48358,"depth":70,"text":48359},{"id":48401,"depth":70,"text":48581},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":48583},[48584,48586,48588,48590],{"id":48451,"depth":70,"text":48585},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48462,"depth":70,"text":48587},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48479,"depth":70,"text":48589},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48493,"depth":70,"text":48494},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41888,"description":48592},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48599,"title":48600,"body":48601,"description":50434,"extension":1730,"meta":50435,"navigation":107,"path":44591,"seo":50436,"stem":50437,"__hash__":50438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48602,"toc":50390},[48603,48608,48613,48621,48630,48632,48690,48696,48701,48706,48709,48737,48740,48743,48754,48764,48766,48768,48788,48792,48820,48822,48861,48863,48871,48873,48876,48880,48933,48935,48947,48951,49008,49010,49022,49028,49034,49038,49041,49044,49110,49112,49124,49130,49132,49184,49187,49228,49231,49238,49247,49253,49256,49289,49295,49298,49329,49335,49338,49350,49354,49359,49363,49521,49523,49538,49541,49545,49649,49651,49668,49672,49733,49735,49743,49746,49750,49817,49819,49828,49834,49836,49845,49847,49882,49887,49889,49919,49923,49925,49962,49965,49967,50004,50010,50012,50061,50063,50071,50080,50086,50090,50095,50144,50146,50159,50162,50164,50167,50242,50245,50264,50267,50297,50307,50309,50314,50321,50327,50333,50340,50348,50354,50357,50359,50387],[10,48604,858,48606,3344],{"id":48605},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[25,48607,44594],{},[14,48609,48610,48612],{},[25,48611,44594],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48614,48615,48616,474,48618,48620],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[25,48617,777],{},[25,48619,3441],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48622,48623,48624,48626,48627,48629],{},"In many cases, ",[25,48625,44594],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[25,48628,270],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[172,48631,3373],{"id":3372},[18,48633,48635],{"className":20,"code":48634,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[25,48636,48637,48645,48649,48670],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48638,48639,48641,48643],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48640,2216],{"class":34},[28,48642,39],{"class":38},[28,48644,1470],{"class":97},[28,48646,48647],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48648,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,48650,48651,48653,48655,48658,48660,48662,48664,48666,48668],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48652,115],{"class":114},[28,48654,94],{"class":93},[28,48656,48657],{"class":114},"isinstance",[28,48659,94],{"class":93},[28,48661,2242],{"class":120},[28,48663,2759],{"class":93},[28,48665,45064],{"class":89},[28,48667,5136],{"class":93},[28,48669,43643],{"class":1006},[28,48671,48672,48674,48676,48678,48680,48682,48684,48686,48688],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,48673,115],{"class":114},[28,48675,94],{"class":93},[28,48677,48657],{"class":114},[28,48679,94],{"class":93},[28,48681,2242],{"class":120},[28,48683,2759],{"class":93},[28,48685,90],{"class":89},[28,48687,5136],{"class":93},[28,48689,43660],{"class":1006},[14,48691,1631,48692,48695],{},[25,48693,48694],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[172,48697,3445,48699,3448],{"id":48698},"what-isinstance-does",[25,48700,44594],{},[14,48702,48703,48705],{},[25,48704,44594],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48707,48708],{},"It:",[177,48710,48711,48714,48720,48723],{},[180,48712,48713],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[180,48715,11204,48716,474,48718],{},[25,48717,777],{},[25,48719,3441],{},[180,48721,48722],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[180,48724,48725,48726,1959,48728,1959,48730,1959,48732,16858,48735],{},"Is commonly used with ",[25,48727,355],{},[25,48729,372],{},[25,48731,7869],{},[25,48733,48734],{},"tuple",[25,48736,8599],{},[14,48738,48739],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48741,48742],{},"For example, you might want to:",[177,48744,48745,48748,48751],{},[180,48746,48747],{},"loop through a list",[180,48749,48750],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[180,48752,48753],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48755,48756,48757,474,48760,385],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[381,48758,44586],{"href":48759},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[381,48761,48763],{"href":48762},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[172,48765,1927],{"id":1926},[14,48767,1930],{},[18,48769,48771],{"className":20,"code":48770,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[25,48772,48773],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48774,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783,48786],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48776,48657],{"class":114},[28,48778,94],{"class":93},[28,48780,42189],{"class":89},[28,48782,2759],{"class":93},[28,48784,48785],{"class":120}," classinfo",[28,48787,101],{"class":93},[1109,48789,48791],{"id":48790},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[177,48793,48794,48799,48813],{},[180,48795,48796,48798],{},[25,48797,42189],{}," is the value you want to test",[180,48800,48801,48804,48805,1959,48807,1959,48809,1963,48811],{},[25,48802,48803],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[25,48806,372],{},[25,48808,355],{},[25,48810,7869],{},[25,48812,8599],{},[180,48814,48815,48816,474,48818],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[25,48817,777],{},[25,48819,3441],{},[14,48821,924],{},[18,48823,48825],{"className":20,"code":48824,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[25,48826,48827,48839,48843],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48828,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48830,35],{"class":34},[28,48832,39],{"class":38},[28,48834,43],{"class":42},[28,48836,11290],{"class":46},[28,48838,50],{"class":42},[28,48840,48841],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48842,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,48844,48845,48847,48849,48851,48853,48855,48857,48859],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48846,115],{"class":114},[28,48848,94],{"class":93},[28,48850,48657],{"class":114},[28,48852,94],{"class":93},[28,48854,121],{"class":120},[28,48856,2759],{"class":93},[28,48858,90],{"class":89},[28,48860,318],{"class":93},[14,48862,336],{},[18,48864,48865],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,48866,48867],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48868,48869],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48870,3749],{"class":776},[172,48872,11256],{"id":11255},[14,48874,48875],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1109,48877,48879],{"id":48878},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[18,48881,48883],{"className":20,"code":48882,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[25,48884,48885,48893,48897,48915],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48886,48887,48889,48891],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48888,2216],{"class":34},[28,48890,39],{"class":38},[28,48892,812],{"class":97},[28,48894,48895],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48896,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,48898,48899,48901,48903,48905,48907,48909,48911,48913],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48900,115],{"class":114},[28,48902,94],{"class":93},[28,48904,48657],{"class":114},[28,48906,94],{"class":93},[28,48908,2242],{"class":120},[28,48910,2759],{"class":93},[28,48912,45064],{"class":89},[28,48914,318],{"class":93},[28,48916,48917,48919,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,48918,115],{"class":114},[28,48920,94],{"class":93},[28,48922,48657],{"class":114},[28,48924,94],{"class":93},[28,48926,2242],{"class":120},[28,48928,2759],{"class":93},[28,48930,90],{"class":89},[28,48932,318],{"class":93},[14,48934,336],{},[18,48936,48937],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,48938,48939,48943],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48940,48941],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48942,3749],{"class":776},[28,48944,48945],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48946,3810],{"class":776},[1109,48948,48950],{"id":48949},"check-text","Check text",[18,48952,48954],{"className":20,"code":48953,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[25,48955,48956,48968,48972,48990],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,48957,48958,48960,48962,48964,48966],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,48959,84],{"class":34},[28,48961,39],{"class":38},[28,48963,43],{"class":42},[28,48965,238],{"class":46},[28,48967,50],{"class":42},[28,48969,48970],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,48971,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,48973,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986,48988],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,48975,115],{"class":114},[28,48977,94],{"class":93},[28,48979,48657],{"class":114},[28,48981,94],{"class":93},[28,48983,157],{"class":120},[28,48985,2759],{"class":93},[28,48987,90],{"class":89},[28,48989,318],{"class":93},[28,48991,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,48993,115],{"class":114},[28,48995,94],{"class":93},[28,48997,48657],{"class":114},[28,48999,94],{"class":93},[28,49001,157],{"class":120},[28,49003,2759],{"class":93},[28,49005,45064],{"class":89},[28,49007,318],{"class":93},[14,49009,336],{},[18,49011,49012],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,49013,49014,49018],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49015,49016],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49017,3749],{"class":776},[28,49019,49020],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49021,3810],{"class":776},[14,49023,49024,49025,49027],{},"In both examples, ",[25,49026,44594],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49029,49030,49031,385],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[381,49032,49033],{"href":2729},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[172,49035,49037],{"id":49036},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49039,49040],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49042,49043],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[18,49045,49047],{"className":20,"code":49046,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[25,49048,49049,49058,49062,49086],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49050,49051,49053,49055],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49052,2216],{"class":34},[28,49054,39],{"class":38},[28,49056,49057],{"class":97}," 3.5\n",[28,49059,49060],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49061,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49063,49064,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49065,115],{"class":114},[28,49067,94],{"class":93},[28,49069,48657],{"class":114},[28,49071,94],{"class":93},[28,49073,2242],{"class":120},[28,49075,2759],{"class":93},[28,49077,9015],{"class":93},[28,49079,372],{"class":89},[28,49081,2759],{"class":93},[28,49083,40047],{"class":89},[28,49085,2679],{"class":93},[28,49087,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,49089,115],{"class":114},[28,49091,94],{"class":93},[28,49093,48657],{"class":114},[28,49095,94],{"class":93},[28,49097,2242],{"class":120},[28,49099,2759],{"class":93},[28,49101,9015],{"class":93},[28,49103,355],{"class":89},[28,49105,2759],{"class":93},[28,49107,22347],{"class":89},[28,49109,2679],{"class":93},[14,49111,336],{},[18,49113,49114],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,49115,49116,49120],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49117,49118],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49119,3749],{"class":776},[28,49121,49122],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49123,3810],{"class":776},[14,49125,49126,49127,49129],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[25,49128,40629],{}," conditions.",[14,49131,8074],{},[18,49133,49135],{"className":20,"code":49134,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[25,49136,49137,49145,49149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49138,49139,49141,49143],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49140,2216],{"class":34},[28,49142,39],{"class":38},[28,49144,49057],{"class":97},[28,49146,49147],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49148,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49150,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49152,115],{"class":114},[28,49154,94],{"class":93},[28,49156,311],{"class":89},[28,49158,94],{"class":93},[28,49160,2242],{"class":120},[28,49162,3428],{"class":93},[28,49164,6185],{"class":38},[28,49166,45064],{"class":89},[28,49168,48017],{"class":3644},[28,49170,49171],{"class":89}," type",[28,49173,94],{"class":93},[28,49175,2242],{"class":120},[28,49177,3428],{"class":93},[28,49179,6185],{"class":38},[28,49181,40047],{"class":89},[28,49183,101],{"class":93},[14,49185,49186],{},"you can write this:",[18,49188,49190],{"className":20,"code":49189,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[25,49191,49192,49200,49204],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49193,49194,49196,49198],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49195,2216],{"class":34},[28,49197,39],{"class":38},[28,49199,49057],{"class":97},[28,49201,49202],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49203,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49205,49206,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49207,115],{"class":114},[28,49209,94],{"class":93},[28,49211,48657],{"class":114},[28,49213,94],{"class":93},[28,49215,2242],{"class":120},[28,49217,2759],{"class":93},[28,49219,9015],{"class":93},[28,49221,372],{"class":89},[28,49223,2759],{"class":93},[28,49225,40047],{"class":89},[28,49227,2679],{"class":93},[14,49229,49230],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[172,49232,49234,10365,49236],{"id":49233},"isinstance-vs-type",[25,49235,44594],{},[25,49237,270],{},[14,49239,10370,49240,1323,49242,49246],{},[25,49241,44594],{},[381,49243,49244],{"href":2068},[25,49245,270],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1109,49248,49250],{"id":49249},"typevalue-int",[25,49251,49252],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49254,49255],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[18,49257,49259],{"className":20,"code":49258,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[25,49260,49261,49269],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49262,49263,49265,49267],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49264,2216],{"class":34},[28,49266,39],{"class":38},[28,49268,1470],{"class":97},[28,49270,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285,49287],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49272,115],{"class":114},[28,49274,94],{"class":93},[28,49276,311],{"class":89},[28,49278,94],{"class":93},[28,49280,2242],{"class":120},[28,49282,3428],{"class":93},[28,49284,6185],{"class":38},[28,49286,45064],{"class":89},[28,49288,101],{"class":93},[1109,49290,49292],{"id":49291},"isinstancevalue-int",[25,49293,49294],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49296,49297],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[18,49299,49301],{"className":20,"code":49300,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[25,49302,49303,49311],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49304,49305,49307,49309],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49306,2216],{"class":34},[28,49308,39],{"class":38},[28,49310,1470],{"class":97},[28,49312,49313,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323,49325,49327],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49314,115],{"class":114},[28,49316,94],{"class":93},[28,49318,48657],{"class":114},[28,49320,94],{"class":93},[28,49322,2242],{"class":120},[28,49324,2759],{"class":93},[28,49326,45064],{"class":89},[28,49328,318],{"class":93},[14,49330,49331,49332,49334],{},"For beginners, ",[25,49333,44594],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49336,49337],{},"In everyday code:",[177,49339,49340,49345],{},[180,49341,39783,49342,49344],{},[25,49343,270],{}," when you need the exact type",[180,49346,39783,49347,49349],{},[25,49348,44594],{}," when you want a practical type check",[172,49351,49353],{"id":49352},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49355,49356,49357,385],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[25,49358,44594],{},[1109,49360,49362],{"id":49361},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[18,49364,49366],{"className":20,"code":49365,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[25,49367,49368,49386,49405,49417,49422,49440,49451,49455,49467,49471,49495],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49369,49370,49372,49375,49377,49379,49381,49384],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49371,34641],{"class":349},[28,49373,49374],{"class":34644}," repeat_text",[28,49376,94],{"class":93},[28,49378,157],{"class":37454},[28,49380,2759],{"class":93},[28,49382,49383],{"class":37454}," count",[28,49385,8118],{"class":93},[28,49387,49388,49390,49392,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49389,6175],{"class":3644},[28,49391,7875],{"class":38},[28,49393,49394],{"class":114}," isinstance",[28,49396,94],{"class":93},[28,49398,157],{"class":120},[28,49400,2759],{"class":93},[28,49402,90],{"class":89},[28,49404,8118],{"class":93},[28,49406,49407,49410,49412,49415],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49408,49409],{"class":3644},"        return",[28,49411,43],{"class":42},[28,49413,49414],{"class":46},"text must be a string",[28,49416,50],{"class":42},[28,49418,49419],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,49420,49421],{"class":34},"    \n",[28,49423,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,49425,6175],{"class":3644},[28,49427,7875],{"class":38},[28,49429,49394],{"class":114},[28,49431,94],{"class":93},[28,49433,41052],{"class":120},[28,49435,2759],{"class":93},[28,49437,45064],{"class":89},[28,49439,8118],{"class":93},[28,49441,49442,49444,49446,49449],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,49443,49409],{"class":3644},[28,49445,43],{"class":42},[28,49447,49448],{"class":46},"count must be an integer",[28,49450,50],{"class":42},[28,49452,49453],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,49454,49421],{"class":34},[28,49456,49457,49459,49462,49464],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,49458,34652],{"class":3644},[28,49460,49461],{"class":34}," text ",[28,49463,39665],{"class":38},[28,49465,49466],{"class":34}," count\n",[28,49468,49469],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,49470,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49472,49473,49475,49477,49480,49482,49484,49487,49489,49491,49493],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,49474,115],{"class":114},[28,49476,94],{"class":93},[28,49478,49479],{"class":120},"repeat_text",[28,49481,94],{"class":93},[28,49483,234],{"class":42},[28,49485,49486],{"class":46},"Hi ",[28,49488,234],{"class":42},[28,49490,2759],{"class":93},[28,49492,2221],{"class":97},[28,49494,318],{"class":93},[28,49496,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513,49515,49517,49519],{"class":30,"line":11376},[28,49498,115],{"class":114},[28,49500,94],{"class":93},[28,49502,49479],{"class":120},[28,49504,94],{"class":93},[28,49506,234],{"class":42},[28,49508,49486],{"class":46},[28,49510,234],{"class":42},[28,49512,2759],{"class":93},[28,49514,43],{"class":42},[28,49516,1831],{"class":46},[28,49518,234],{"class":42},[28,49520,318],{"class":93},[14,49522,336],{},[18,49524,49526],{"className":20,"code":49525,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[25,49527,49528,49533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49529,49530],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49531,49532],{"class":34},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[28,49534,49535],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49536,49537],{"class":34},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49539,49540],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1109,49542,49544],{"id":49543},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[18,49546,49548],{"className":20,"code":49547,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[25,49549,49550,49582,49586,49602,49617,49634],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49551,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49553,2216],{"class":34},[28,49555,39],{"class":38},[28,49557,3388],{"class":93},[28,49559,234],{"class":42},[28,49561,381],{"class":46},[28,49563,234],{"class":42},[28,49565,2759],{"class":93},[28,49567,43],{"class":42},[28,49569,4533],{"class":46},[28,49571,234],{"class":42},[28,49573,2759],{"class":93},[28,49575,43],{"class":42},[28,49577,9518],{"class":46},[28,49579,234],{"class":42},[28,49581,3401],{"class":93},[28,49583,49584],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49585,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49587,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49589,6773],{"class":3644},[28,49591,49394],{"class":114},[28,49593,94],{"class":93},[28,49595,2242],{"class":120},[28,49597,2759],{"class":93},[28,49599,90],{"class":89},[28,49601,8118],{"class":93},[28,49603,49604,49606,49608,49610,49613,49615],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,49605,7844],{"class":114},[28,49607,94],{"class":93},[28,49609,234],{"class":42},[28,49611,49612],{"class":46},"This is text",[28,49614,234],{"class":42},[28,49616,101],{"class":93},[28,49618,49619,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,49620,49621],{"class":3644},"elif",[28,49623,49394],{"class":114},[28,49625,94],{"class":93},[28,49627,2242],{"class":120},[28,49629,2759],{"class":93},[28,49631,22347],{"class":89},[28,49633,8118],{"class":93},[28,49635,49636,49638,49640,49642,49645,49647],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,49637,7844],{"class":114},[28,49639,94],{"class":93},[28,49641,234],{"class":42},[28,49643,49644],{"class":46},"This is a list",[28,49646,234],{"class":42},[28,49648,101],{"class":93},[14,49650,336],{},[18,49652,49654],{"className":20,"code":49653,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"This is a list\n",[25,49655,49656],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49657,49658,49661,49663,49665],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49659,49660],{"class":34},"This ",[28,49662,11976],{"class":38},[28,49664,44333],{"class":34},[28,49666,49667],{"class":89},"list\n",[1109,49669,49671],{"id":49670},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[18,49673,49675],{"className":20,"code":49674,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[25,49676,49677,49689,49693,49709,49723],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49678,49679,49681,49683,49685,49687],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49680,2216],{"class":34},[28,49682,39],{"class":38},[28,49684,43],{"class":42},[28,49686,703],{"class":46},[28,49688,50],{"class":42},[28,49690,49691],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49692,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49694,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49696,6773],{"class":3644},[28,49698,49394],{"class":114},[28,49700,94],{"class":93},[28,49702,2242],{"class":120},[28,49704,2759],{"class":93},[28,49706,90],{"class":89},[28,49708,8118],{"class":93},[28,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,49712,41682],{"class":34},[28,49714,39],{"class":38},[28,49716,45064],{"class":89},[28,49718,94],{"class":93},[28,49720,2242],{"class":120},[28,49722,101],{"class":93},[28,49724,49725,49727,49729,49731],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,49726,7844],{"class":114},[28,49728,94],{"class":93},[28,49730,331],{"class":120},[28,49732,101],{"class":93},[14,49734,336],{},[18,49736,49737],{"className":20,"code":741,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,49738,49739],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49740,49741],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49742,741],{"class":97},[14,49744,49745],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1109,49747,49749],{"id":49748},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[18,49751,49753],{"className":20,"code":49752,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[25,49754,49755,49779,49783,49799],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49756,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49758,2216],{"class":34},[28,49760,39],{"class":38},[28,49762,10270],{"class":93},[28,49764,234],{"class":42},[28,49766,121],{"class":46},[28,49768,234],{"class":42},[28,49770,271],{"class":93},[28,49772,43],{"class":42},[28,49774,12664],{"class":46},[28,49776,234],{"class":42},[28,49778,9087],{"class":93},[28,49780,49781],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49782,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,49784,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,49786,6773],{"class":3644},[28,49788,49394],{"class":114},[28,49790,94],{"class":93},[28,49792,2242],{"class":120},[28,49794,2759],{"class":93},[28,49796,8949],{"class":89},[28,49798,8118],{"class":93},[28,49800,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,49802,7844],{"class":114},[28,49804,94],{"class":93},[28,49806,2242],{"class":120},[28,49808,3669],{"class":93},[28,49810,234],{"class":42},[28,49812,121],{"class":46},[28,49814,234],{"class":42},[28,49816,3657],{"class":93},[14,49818,336],{},[18,49820,49822],{"className":20,"code":49821,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana\n",[25,49823,49824],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49825,49826],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49827,49821],{"class":34},[14,49829,49830,49831,49833],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[25,49832,2775],{}," messages later.",[172,49835,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,49837,49839,49840,10871,49843],{"id":49838},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[25,49841,49842],{},"\"int\"",[25,49844,372],{},[14,49846,16429],{},[18,49848,49850],{"className":20,"code":49849,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[25,49851,49852,49860],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49853,49854,49856,49858],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49855,2216],{"class":34},[28,49857,39],{"class":38},[28,49859,1470],{"class":97},[28,49861,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49863,115],{"class":114},[28,49865,94],{"class":93},[28,49867,48657],{"class":114},[28,49869,94],{"class":93},[28,49871,2242],{"class":120},[28,49873,2759],{"class":93},[28,49875,43],{"class":42},[28,49877,372],{"class":46},[28,49879,234],{"class":42},[28,49881,318],{"class":93},[14,49883,49884,49886],{},[25,49885,49842],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49888,16441],{},[18,49890,49891],{"className":20,"code":49300,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,49892,49893,49901],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49894,49895,49897,49899],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49896,2216],{"class":34},[28,49898,39],{"class":38},[28,49900,1470],{"class":97},[28,49902,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49904,115],{"class":114},[28,49906,94],{"class":93},[28,49908,48657],{"class":114},[28,49910,94],{"class":93},[28,49912,2242],{"class":120},[28,49914,2759],{"class":93},[28,49916,45064],{"class":89},[28,49918,318],{"class":93},[1109,49920,49922],{"id":49921},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,49924,16429],{},[18,49926,49928],{"className":20,"code":49927,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[25,49929,49930,49938],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49931,49932,49934,49936],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49933,2216],{"class":34},[28,49935,39],{"class":38},[28,49937,34632],{"class":97},[28,49939,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49941,115],{"class":114},[28,49943,94],{"class":93},[28,49945,48657],{"class":114},[28,49947,94],{"class":93},[28,49949,2242],{"class":120},[28,49951,2759],{"class":93},[28,49953,3388],{"class":93},[28,49955,372],{"class":89},[28,49957,2759],{"class":93},[28,49959,40047],{"class":89},[28,49961,2769],{"class":93},[14,49963,49964],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,49966,16441],{},[18,49968,49970],{"className":20,"code":49969,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[25,49971,49972,49980],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,49973,49974,49976,49978],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,49975,2216],{"class":34},[28,49977,39],{"class":38},[28,49979,34632],{"class":97},[28,49981,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,49983,115],{"class":114},[28,49985,94],{"class":93},[28,49987,48657],{"class":114},[28,49989,94],{"class":93},[28,49991,2242],{"class":120},[28,49993,2759],{"class":93},[28,49995,9015],{"class":93},[28,49997,372],{"class":89},[28,49999,2759],{"class":93},[28,50001,40047],{"class":89},[28,50003,2679],{"class":93},[1109,50005,25563,50007,50009],{"id":50006},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[25,50008,44594],{}," converts a value",[14,50011,18701],{},[18,50013,50015],{"className":20,"code":50014,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,50016,50017,50029,50047,50051],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50018,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50020,2216],{"class":34},[28,50022,39],{"class":38},[28,50024,43],{"class":42},[28,50026,98],{"class":46},[28,50028,50],{"class":42},[28,50030,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50032,1999],{"class":34},[28,50034,39],{"class":38},[28,50036,49394],{"class":114},[28,50038,94],{"class":93},[28,50040,2242],{"class":120},[28,50042,2759],{"class":93},[28,50044,45064],{"class":89},[28,50046,101],{"class":93},[28,50048,50049],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,50050,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,50052,50053,50055,50057,50059],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,50054,115],{"class":114},[28,50056,94],{"class":93},[28,50058,2033],{"class":120},[28,50060,101],{"class":93},[14,50062,336],{},[18,50064,50065],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,50066,50067],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50068,50069],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50070,3810],{"class":776},[14,50072,50073,50074,50076,50077,50079],{},"This does not convert ",[25,50075,263],{}," into ",[25,50078,98],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50081,50082,50083,6406],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[25,50084,50085],{},"int(value)",[1109,50087,50089],{"id":50088},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50091,50092,50094],{},[25,50093,44594],{}," does not modify anything.",[18,50096,50098],{"className":20,"code":50097,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[25,50099,50100,50112,50116,50134],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50101,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50103,2216],{"class":34},[28,50105,39],{"class":38},[28,50107,43],{"class":42},[28,50109,13343],{"class":46},[28,50111,50],{"class":42},[28,50113,50114],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50115,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,50117,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,50119,115],{"class":114},[28,50121,94],{"class":93},[28,50123,48657],{"class":114},[28,50125,94],{"class":93},[28,50127,2242],{"class":120},[28,50129,2759],{"class":93},[28,50131,90],{"class":89},[28,50133,318],{"class":93},[28,50135,50136,50138,50140,50142],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,50137,115],{"class":114},[28,50139,94],{"class":93},[28,50141,2242],{"class":120},[28,50143,101],{"class":93},[14,50145,336],{},[18,50147,50149],{"className":20,"code":50148,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\n100\n",[25,50150,50151,50155],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50152,50153],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50154,3749],{"class":776},[28,50156,50157],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50158,47046],{"class":97},[14,50160,50161],{},"The value stays the same.",[172,50163,25731],{"id":25730},[14,50165,50166],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[18,50168,50170],{"className":20,"code":50169,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[25,50171,50172,50186,50204,50228],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50173,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50175,115],{"class":114},[28,50177,94],{"class":93},[28,50179,311],{"class":89},[28,50181,94],{"class":93},[28,50183,2242],{"class":120},[28,50185,318],{"class":93},[28,50187,50188,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50189,115],{"class":114},[28,50191,94],{"class":93},[28,50193,48657],{"class":114},[28,50195,94],{"class":93},[28,50197,2242],{"class":120},[28,50199,2759],{"class":93},[28,50201,45064],{"class":89},[28,50203,318],{"class":93},[28,50205,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222,50224,50226],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,50207,115],{"class":114},[28,50209,94],{"class":93},[28,50211,48657],{"class":114},[28,50213,94],{"class":93},[28,50215,2242],{"class":120},[28,50217,2759],{"class":93},[28,50219,9015],{"class":93},[28,50221,372],{"class":89},[28,50223,2759],{"class":93},[28,50225,40047],{"class":89},[28,50227,2679],{"class":93},[28,50229,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,50231,115],{"class":114},[28,50233,94],{"class":93},[28,50235,1574],{"class":114},[28,50237,94],{"class":93},[28,50239,2242],{"class":120},[28,50241,318],{"class":93},[14,50243,50244],{},"These can help when:",[177,50246,50247,50250,50255,50258],{},[180,50248,50249],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[180,50251,50252,50253],{},"you are getting a ",[25,50254,2775],{},[180,50256,50257],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[180,50259,50260,50261,50263],{},"the second argument to ",[25,50262,44594],{}," is invalid",[14,50265,50266],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[177,50268,50269,50283,50289,50294],{},[180,50270,50271,50272,474,50275,50278,50279,474,50281],{},"using ",[25,50273,50274],{},"'int'",[25,50276,50277],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[25,50280,372],{},[25,50282,355],{},[180,50284,50285,50286,50288],{},"expecting ",[25,50287,44594],{}," to convert a value",[180,50290,50271,50291,50293],{},[25,50292,270],{}," when inherited types should also match",[180,50295,50296],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50298,50299,50300,385],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[381,50301,50303,50304],{"href":50302},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[25,50305,50306],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[172,50308,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,50310,4915,50312,4918],{"id":50311},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[25,50313,44594],{},[14,50315,4921,50316,50318,50319,385],{},[25,50317,777],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[25,50320,3441],{},[1109,50322,4943,50324,50326],{"id":50323},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[25,50325,44594],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50328,50329,50330,385],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[25,50331,50332],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1109,50334,4953,50336,1323,50338,2262],{"id":50335},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[25,50337,44594],{},[25,50339,270],{},[14,50341,50342,50344,50345,50347],{},[25,50343,270],{}," gives the exact type. ",[25,50346,44594],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1109,50349,12487,50351,50353],{"id":50350},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[25,50352,44594],{}," convert a value?",[14,50355,50356],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[172,50358,1662],{"id":1661},[177,50360,50361,50367,50371,50376,50381],{},[180,50362,50363],{},[381,50364,858,50365,861],{"href":2068},[25,50366,270],{},[180,50368,50369],{},[381,50370,44586],{"href":48759},[180,50372,50373],{},[381,50374,50375],{"href":2729},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[180,50377,50378],{},[381,50379,50380],{"href":48762},"What is a data type in Python?",[180,50382,50383],{},[381,50384,50303,50385],{"href":50302},[25,50386,50306],{},[1699,50388,50389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":50391},[50392,50393,50395,50398,50402,50403,50408,50414,50422,50423,50433],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":48698,"depth":53,"text":50394},"What isinstance() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":50396},[50397],{"id":48790,"depth":70,"text":48791},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256,"children":50399},[50400,50401],{"id":48878,"depth":70,"text":48879},{"id":48949,"depth":70,"text":48950},{"id":49036,"depth":53,"text":49037},{"id":49233,"depth":53,"text":50404,"children":50405},"isinstance() vs type()",[50406,50407],{"id":49249,"depth":70,"text":49252},{"id":49291,"depth":70,"text":49294},{"id":49352,"depth":53,"text":49353,"children":50409},[50410,50411,50412,50413],{"id":49361,"depth":70,"text":49362},{"id":49543,"depth":70,"text":49544},{"id":49670,"depth":70,"text":49671},{"id":49748,"depth":70,"text":49749},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":50415},[50416,50418,50419,50421],{"id":49838,"depth":70,"text":50417},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49921,"depth":70,"text":49922},{"id":50006,"depth":70,"text":50420},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50088,"depth":70,"text":50089},{"id":25730,"depth":53,"text":25731},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":50424},[50425,50427,50429,50431],{"id":50311,"depth":70,"text":50426},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50323,"depth":70,"text":50428},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50335,"depth":70,"text":50430},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50350,"depth":70,"text":50432},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48600,"description":50434},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50440,"title":50441,"body":50442,"description":52414,"extension":1730,"meta":52415,"navigation":107,"path":52416,"seo":52417,"stem":52418,"__hash__":52419},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50443,"toc":52389},[50444,50447,50452,50457,50471,50474,50476,50551,50556,50560,50565,50568,50582,50584,50750,50762,50764,50766,50781,50784,50787,50800,50802,50900,50904,50910,50913,50922,50924,50959,50964,50985,50990,50995,51027,51030,51087,51091,51097,51100,51153,51155,51195,51198,51266,51269,51320,51327,51331,51337,51422,51428,51434,51483,51486,51489,51539,51541,51546,51550,51600,51604,51651,51655,51732,51736,51801,51804,51808,51813,51818,51830,51832,51851,51857,51860,51879,51884,51911,51918,51922,51928,51931,52026,52029,52032,52081,52086,52088,52092,52127,52130,52187,52197,52200,52234,52237,52239,52243,52246,52250,52253,52257,52260,52264,52277,52281,52286,52288,52338,52350,52352,52386],[10,50445,50441],{"id":50446},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50448,8901,50449,50451],{},[25,50450,42151],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50453,35194,50454,50456],{},[25,50455,42151],{}," to count:",[177,50458,50459,50462,50465,50468],{},[180,50460,50461],{},"characters in a string",[180,50463,50464],{},"items in a list or tuple",[180,50466,50467],{},"keys in a dictionary",[180,50469,50470],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50472,50473],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[172,50475,1771],{"id":1770},[18,50477,50479],{"className":20,"code":50478,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[25,50480,50481,50493,50513,50517,50534],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50482,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50484,84],{"class":34},[28,50486,39],{"class":38},[28,50488,43],{"class":42},[28,50490,238],{"class":46},[28,50492,50],{"class":42},[28,50494,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50496,7555],{"class":34},[28,50498,39],{"class":38},[28,50500,3388],{"class":93},[28,50502,2099],{"class":97},[28,50504,2759],{"class":93},[28,50506,7566],{"class":97},[28,50508,2759],{"class":93},[28,50510,7571],{"class":97},[28,50512,3401],{"class":93},[28,50514,50515],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,50516,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,50518,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,50520,115],{"class":114},[28,50522,94],{"class":93},[28,50524,10941],{"class":114},[28,50526,94],{"class":93},[28,50528,157],{"class":120},[28,50530,5136],{"class":93},[28,50532,50533],{"class":1006},"   # 5\n",[28,50535,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,50537,115],{"class":114},[28,50539,94],{"class":93},[28,50541,10941],{"class":114},[28,50543,94],{"class":93},[28,50545,7586],{"class":120},[28,50547,5136],{"class":93},[28,50549,50550],{"class":1006},"  # 3\n",[14,50552,1631,50553,50555],{},[25,50554,42151],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[172,50557,50559],{"id":50558},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50561,50562,50564],{},[25,50563,42151],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50566,50567],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[177,50569,50570,50573,50576,50579],{},[180,50571,50572],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[180,50574,50575],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[180,50577,50578],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[180,50580,50581],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50583,924],{},[18,50585,50587],{"className":20,"code":50586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[25,50588,50589,50601,50626,50658,50678,50682,50699,50716,50733],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50590,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50592,35],{"class":34},[28,50594,39],{"class":38},[28,50596,43],{"class":42},[28,50598,7452],{"class":46},[28,50600,50],{"class":42},[28,50602,50603,50605,50607,50609,50611,50613,50615,50617,50619,50621,50624],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50604,3383],{"class":34},[28,50606,39],{"class":38},[28,50608,3388],{"class":93},[28,50610,2099],{"class":97},[28,50612,2759],{"class":93},[28,50614,7566],{"class":97},[28,50616,2759],{"class":93},[28,50618,7571],{"class":97},[28,50620,2759],{"class":93},[28,50622,50623],{"class":97}," 40",[28,50625,3401],{"class":93},[28,50627,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,50629,8944],{"class":34},[28,50631,39],{"class":38},[28,50633,10270],{"class":93},[28,50635,234],{"class":42},[28,50637,381],{"class":46},[28,50639,234],{"class":42},[28,50641,271],{"class":93},[28,50643,5273],{"class":97},[28,50645,2759],{"class":93},[28,50647,43],{"class":42},[28,50649,4533],{"class":46},[28,50651,234],{"class":42},[28,50653,271],{"class":93},[28,50655,2762],{"class":97},[28,50657,9087],{"class":93},[28,50659,50660,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,50661,3591],{"class":34},[28,50663,39],{"class":38},[28,50665,10270],{"class":93},[28,50667,1905],{"class":97},[28,50669,2759],{"class":93},[28,50671,37435],{"class":97},[28,50673,2759],{"class":93},[28,50675,5770],{"class":97},[28,50677,9087],{"class":93},[28,50679,50680],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,50681,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,50683,50684,50686,50688,50690,50692,50694,50696],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,50685,115],{"class":114},[28,50687,94],{"class":93},[28,50689,10941],{"class":114},[28,50691,94],{"class":93},[28,50693,121],{"class":120},[28,50695,5136],{"class":93},[28,50697,50698],{"class":1006},"     # 3\n",[28,50700,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,50702,115],{"class":114},[28,50704,94],{"class":93},[28,50706,10941],{"class":114},[28,50708,94],{"class":93},[28,50710,3415],{"class":120},[28,50712,5136],{"class":93},[28,50714,50715],{"class":1006},"  # 4\n",[28,50717,50718,50720,50722,50724,50726,50728,50730],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,50719,115],{"class":114},[28,50721,94],{"class":93},[28,50723,10941],{"class":114},[28,50725,94],{"class":93},[28,50727,8983],{"class":120},[28,50729,5136],{"class":93},[28,50731,50732],{"class":1006},"     # 2\n",[28,50734,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,50736,115],{"class":114},[28,50738,94],{"class":93},[28,50740,10941],{"class":114},[28,50742,94],{"class":93},[28,50744,5133],{"class":120},[28,50746,5136],{"class":93},[28,50748,50749],{"class":1006},"   # 3\n",[14,50751,50752,50753,1959,50756,16858,50760,385],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[381,50754,50755],{"href":383},"Python strings explained",[381,50757,50759],{"href":50758},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[381,50761,8934],{"href":8933},[172,50763,1927],{"id":1926},[14,50765,1930],{},[18,50767,50769],{"className":20,"code":50768,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"len(object)\n",[25,50770,50771],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50772,50773,50775,50777,50779],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50774,10941],{"class":114},[28,50776,94],{"class":93},[28,50778,42189],{"class":89},[28,50780,101],{"class":93},[14,50782,50783],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50785,50786],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[177,50788,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797],{},[180,50790,37699],{},[180,50792,37693],{},[180,50794,37696],{},[180,50796,37702],{},[180,50798,50799],{},"a dictionary",[14,50801,924],{},[18,50803,50805],{"className":20,"code":50804,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[25,50806,50807,50828,50852,50874],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50810,115],{"class":114},[28,50812,94],{"class":93},[28,50814,10941],{"class":114},[28,50816,94],{"class":93},[28,50818,234],{"class":42},[28,50820,22],{"class":46},[28,50822,234],{"class":42},[28,50824,5136],{"class":93},[28,50826,50827],{"class":1006},"      # 6\n",[28,50829,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50831,115],{"class":114},[28,50833,94],{"class":93},[28,50835,10941],{"class":114},[28,50837,2753],{"class":93},[28,50839,2756],{"class":97},[28,50841,2759],{"class":93},[28,50843,2762],{"class":97},[28,50845,2759],{"class":93},[28,50847,2221],{"class":97},[28,50849,4507],{"class":93},[28,50851,50698],{"class":1006},[28,50853,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862,50864,50866,50868,50871],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,50855,115],{"class":114},[28,50857,94],{"class":93},[28,50859,10941],{"class":114},[28,50861,5286],{"class":93},[28,50863,2099],{"class":97},[28,50865,2759],{"class":93},[28,50867,7566],{"class":97},[28,50869,50870],{"class":93},")))",[28,50872,50873],{"class":1006},"      # 2\n",[28,50875,50876,50878,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50897],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,50877,115],{"class":114},[28,50879,94],{"class":93},[28,50881,10941],{"class":114},[28,50883,5305],{"class":93},[28,50885,234],{"class":42},[28,50887,1944],{"class":46},[28,50889,234],{"class":42},[28,50891,271],{"class":93},[28,50893,5273],{"class":97},[28,50895,50896],{"class":93},"}))",[28,50898,50899],{"class":1006},"      # 1\n",[172,50901,50903],{"id":50902},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50905,50906,50907,50909],{},"When you use ",[25,50908,42151],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50911,50912],{},"That includes:",[177,50914,50915,50917,50919],{},[180,50916,35933],{},[180,50918,10231],{},[180,50920,50921],{},"punctuation",[14,50923,924],{},[18,50925,50927],{"className":20,"code":50926,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[25,50928,50929,50942],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,50930,50931,50933,50935,50937,50940],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,50932,84],{"class":34},[28,50934,39],{"class":38},[28,50936,43],{"class":42},[28,50938,50939],{"class":46},"Hi there!",[28,50941,50],{"class":42},[28,50943,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952,50954,50956],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,50945,115],{"class":114},[28,50947,94],{"class":93},[28,50949,10941],{"class":114},[28,50951,94],{"class":93},[28,50953,157],{"class":120},[28,50955,5136],{"class":93},[28,50957,50958],{"class":1006},"  # 9\n",[14,50960,50961,50962,2262],{},"Why is the result ",[25,50963,1913],{},[177,50965,50966,50972,50976,50979],{},[180,50967,50968,50971],{},[25,50969,50970],{},"H"," = 1",[180,50973,50974,50971],{},[25,50975,35944],{},[180,50977,50978],{},"space = 1",[180,50980,50981,50984],{},[25,50982,50983],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,50986,50987,50988],{},"Total: ",[25,50989,1913],{},[14,50991,50992,50993,271],{},"An empty string has length ",[25,50994,1888],{},[18,50996,50998],{"className":20,"code":50997,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[25,50999,51000,51009],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51001,51002,51005,51007],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51003,51004],{"class":34},"empty_text ",[28,51006,39],{"class":38},[28,51008,78],{"class":42},[28,51010,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51022,51024],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51012,115],{"class":114},[28,51014,94],{"class":93},[28,51016,10941],{"class":114},[28,51018,94],{"class":93},[28,51020,51021],{"class":120},"empty_text",[28,51023,5136],{"class":93},[28,51025,51026],{"class":1006},"  # 0\n",[14,51028,51029],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[18,51031,51033],{"className":20,"code":51032,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[25,51034,51035,51048,51052,51072],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51036,51037,51040,51042,51044,51046],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51038,51039],{"class":34},"user_name ",[28,51041,39],{"class":38},[28,51043,43],{"class":42},[28,51045,47],{"class":46},[28,51047,50],{"class":42},[28,51049,51050],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51051,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51053,51054,51056,51058,51060,51063,51065,51068,51070],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51055,6773],{"class":3644},[28,51057,38178],{"class":114},[28,51059,94],{"class":93},[28,51061,51062],{"class":120},"user_name",[28,51064,3428],{"class":93},[28,51066,51067],{"class":38}," >=",[28,51069,2221],{"class":97},[28,51071,6170],{"class":93},[28,51073,51074,51076,51078,51080,51083,51085],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51075,7844],{"class":114},[28,51077,94],{"class":93},[28,51079,234],{"class":42},[28,51081,51082],{"class":46},"Name is long enough",[28,51084,234],{"class":42},[28,51086,101],{"class":93},[172,51088,51090],{"id":51089},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51092,51093,51094,51096],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[25,51095,42151],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51098,51099],{},"Example with a list:",[18,51101,51103],{"className":20,"code":51102,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[25,51104,51105,51137],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51106,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51108,12860],{"class":34},[28,51110,39],{"class":38},[28,51112,3388],{"class":93},[28,51114,234],{"class":42},[28,51116,12877],{"class":46},[28,51118,234],{"class":42},[28,51120,2759],{"class":93},[28,51122,43],{"class":42},[28,51124,17242],{"class":46},[28,51126,234],{"class":42},[28,51128,2759],{"class":93},[28,51130,43],{"class":42},[28,51132,12894],{"class":46},[28,51134,234],{"class":42},[28,51136,3401],{"class":93},[28,51138,51139,51141,51143,51145,51147,51149,51151],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51140,115],{"class":114},[28,51142,94],{"class":93},[28,51144,10941],{"class":114},[28,51146,94],{"class":93},[28,51148,17289],{"class":120},[28,51150,5136],{"class":93},[28,51152,50550],{"class":1006},[14,51154,37708],{},[18,51156,51158],{"className":20,"code":51157,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[25,51159,51160,51177],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51161,51162,51165,51167,51169,51171,51173,51175],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51163,51164],{"class":34},"point ",[28,51166,39],{"class":38},[28,51168,9015],{"class":93},[28,51170,2099],{"class":97},[28,51172,2759],{"class":93},[28,51174,7566],{"class":97},[28,51176,101],{"class":93},[28,51178,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187,51190,51192],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51180,115],{"class":114},[28,51182,94],{"class":93},[28,51184,10941],{"class":114},[28,51186,94],{"class":93},[28,51188,51189],{"class":120},"point",[28,51191,5136],{"class":93},[28,51193,51194],{"class":1006},"  # 2\n",[14,51196,51197],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[18,51199,51201],{"className":20,"code":51200,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[25,51202,51203,51227,51231,51249],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51204,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51206,7555],{"class":34},[28,51208,39],{"class":38},[28,51210,3388],{"class":93},[28,51212,234],{"class":42},[28,51214,3849],{"class":46},[28,51216,234],{"class":42},[28,51218,2759],{"class":93},[28,51220,43],{"class":42},[28,51222,3858],{"class":46},[28,51224,234],{"class":42},[28,51226,3401],{"class":93},[28,51228,51229],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51230,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51232,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51234,6773],{"class":3644},[28,51236,38178],{"class":114},[28,51238,94],{"class":93},[28,51240,7586],{"class":120},[28,51242,3428],{"class":93},[28,51244,38188],{"class":38},[28,51246,5273],{"class":97},[28,51248,6170],{"class":93},[28,51250,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51252,7844],{"class":114},[28,51254,94],{"class":93},[28,51256,7586],{"class":120},[28,51258,3669],{"class":93},[28,51260,2756],{"class":97},[28,51262,20234],{"class":93},[28,51264,51265],{"class":1006},"  # banana\n",[14,51267,51268],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[18,51270,51272],{"className":20,"code":51271,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[25,51273,51274,51297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51275,51276,51278,51280,51282,51285,51287,51290,51292,51295],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51277,4836],{"class":34},[28,51279,39],{"class":38},[28,51281,3388],{"class":93},[28,51283,51284],{"class":97},"88",[28,51286,2759],{"class":93},[28,51288,51289],{"class":97}," 91",[28,51291,2759],{"class":93},[28,51293,51294],{"class":97}," 75",[28,51296,3401],{"class":93},[28,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51308,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51300,115],{"class":114},[28,51302,94],{"class":93},[28,51304,234],{"class":42},[28,51306,51307],{"class":46},"Number of scores:",[28,51309,234],{"class":42},[28,51311,2759],{"class":93},[28,51313,38178],{"class":114},[28,51315,94],{"class":93},[28,51317,16174],{"class":120},[28,51319,318],{"class":93},[14,51321,51322,51323,385],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[381,51324,51326],{"href":51325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[172,51328,51330],{"id":51329},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51332,51333,51334,51336],{},"For dictionaries, ",[25,51335,42151],{}," counts keys.",[18,51338,51340],{"className":20,"code":51339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[25,51341,51342,51350,51368,51382,51398,51402,51406],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51343,51344,51346,51348],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51345,12647],{"class":34},[28,51347,39],{"class":38},[28,51349,11274],{"class":93},[28,51351,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51353,11279],{"class":42},[28,51355,121],{"class":46},[28,51357,234],{"class":42},[28,51359,271],{"class":93},[28,51361,43],{"class":42},[28,51363,7696],{"class":46},[28,51365,234],{"class":42},[28,51367,11295],{"class":93},[28,51369,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51380],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51371,11279],{"class":42},[28,51373,835],{"class":46},[28,51375,234],{"class":42},[28,51377,271],{"class":93},[28,51379,30733],{"class":97},[28,51381,11295],{"class":93},[28,51383,51384,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51385,11279],{"class":42},[28,51387,19679],{"class":46},[28,51389,234],{"class":42},[28,51391,271],{"class":93},[28,51393,43],{"class":42},[28,51395,22032],{"class":46},[28,51397,50],{"class":42},[28,51399,51400],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,51401,9087],{"class":93},[28,51403,51404],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,51405,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51407,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,51409,115],{"class":114},[28,51411,94],{"class":93},[28,51413,10941],{"class":114},[28,51415,94],{"class":93},[28,51417,13411],{"class":120},[28,51419,5136],{"class":93},[28,51421,50550],{"class":1006},[14,51423,51424,51425,51427],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[25,51426,42151],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51429,51430,51431,51433],{},"For sets, ",[25,51432,42151],{}," counts unique items:",[18,51435,51437],{"className":20,"code":51436,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[25,51438,51439,51467],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51440,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51442,3383],{"class":34},[28,51444,39],{"class":38},[28,51446,10270],{"class":93},[28,51448,2756],{"class":97},[28,51450,2759],{"class":93},[28,51452,2762],{"class":97},[28,51454,2759],{"class":93},[28,51456,2221],{"class":97},[28,51458,2759],{"class":93},[28,51460,2221],{"class":97},[28,51462,2759],{"class":93},[28,51464,2762],{"class":97},[28,51466,9087],{"class":93},[28,51468,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51479,51481],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51470,115],{"class":114},[28,51472,94],{"class":93},[28,51474,10941],{"class":114},[28,51476,94],{"class":93},[28,51478,3415],{"class":120},[28,51480,5136],{"class":93},[28,51482,50550],{"class":1006},[14,51484,51485],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51487,51488],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[18,51490,51492],{"className":20,"code":51491,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[25,51493,51494,51502,51506,51524],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51495,51496,51498,51500],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51497,8944],{"class":34},[28,51499,39],{"class":38},[28,51501,9617],{"class":93},[28,51503,51504],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51505,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51507,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51509,6773],{"class":3644},[28,51511,38178],{"class":114},[28,51513,94],{"class":93},[28,51515,8983],{"class":120},[28,51517,3428],{"class":93},[28,51519,6185],{"class":38},[28,51521,3602],{"class":97},[28,51523,6170],{"class":93},[28,51525,51526,51528,51530,51532,51535,51537],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51527,7844],{"class":114},[28,51529,94],{"class":93},[28,51531,234],{"class":42},[28,51533,51534],{"class":46},"The dictionary is empty",[28,51536,234],{"class":42},[28,51538,101],{"class":93},[172,51540,40838],{"id":40837},[14,51542,51543,51544,385],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[25,51545,42151],{},[1109,51547,51549],{"id":51548},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[18,51551,51553],{"className":20,"code":51552,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[25,51554,51555,51563,51567,51585],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51556,51557,51559,51561],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51558,7555],{"class":34},[28,51560,39],{"class":38},[28,51562,7615],{"class":93},[28,51564,51565],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51566,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51568,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51570,6773],{"class":3644},[28,51572,38178],{"class":114},[28,51574,94],{"class":93},[28,51576,7586],{"class":120},[28,51578,3428],{"class":93},[28,51580,6185],{"class":38},[28,51582,3602],{"class":97},[28,51584,6170],{"class":93},[28,51586,51587,51589,51591,51593,51596,51598],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51588,7844],{"class":114},[28,51590,94],{"class":93},[28,51592,234],{"class":42},[28,51594,51595],{"class":46},"The list is empty",[28,51597,234],{"class":42},[28,51599,101],{"class":93},[1109,51601,51603],{"id":51602},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[18,51605,51607],{"className":20,"code":51606,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[25,51608,51609,51628],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51610,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51624,51626],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51612,5931],{"class":34},[28,51614,39],{"class":38},[28,51616,8018],{"class":114},[28,51618,94],{"class":93},[28,51620,234],{"class":42},[28,51622,51623],{"class":46},"Enter a word: ",[28,51625,234],{"class":42},[28,51627,101],{"class":93},[28,51629,51630,51632,51634,51636,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647,51649],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51631,115],{"class":114},[28,51633,94],{"class":93},[28,51635,234],{"class":42},[28,51637,51638],{"class":46},"Number of characters:",[28,51640,234],{"class":42},[28,51642,2759],{"class":93},[28,51644,38178],{"class":114},[28,51646,94],{"class":93},[28,51648,38183],{"class":120},[28,51650,318],{"class":93},[1109,51652,51654],{"id":51653},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[18,51656,51658],{"className":20,"code":51657,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[25,51659,51660,51674,51678,51696,51711,51717],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51661,51662,51665,51667,51669,51672],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51663,51664],{"class":34},"password ",[28,51666,39],{"class":38},[28,51668,43],{"class":42},[28,51670,51671],{"class":46},"secret123",[28,51673,50],{"class":42},[28,51675,51676],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51677,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51679,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51681,6773],{"class":3644},[28,51683,38178],{"class":114},[28,51685,94],{"class":93},[28,51687,17408],{"class":120},[28,51689,3428],{"class":93},[28,51691,51067],{"class":38},[28,51693,6136],{"class":97},[28,51695,6170],{"class":93},[28,51697,51698,51700,51702,51704,51707,51709],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51699,7844],{"class":114},[28,51701,94],{"class":93},[28,51703,234],{"class":42},[28,51705,51706],{"class":46},"Password length is valid",[28,51708,234],{"class":42},[28,51710,101],{"class":93},[28,51712,51713,51715],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,51714,27223],{"class":3644},[28,51716,6170],{"class":93},[28,51718,51719,51721,51723,51725,51728,51730],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,51720,7844],{"class":114},[28,51722,94],{"class":93},[28,51724,234],{"class":42},[28,51726,51727],{"class":46},"Password is too short",[28,51729,234],{"class":42},[28,51731,101],{"class":93},[1109,51733,51735],{"id":51734},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[18,51737,51739],{"className":20,"code":51738,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[25,51740,51741,51777],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51742,51743,51746,51748,51750,51752,51755,51757,51759,51761,51764,51766,51768,51770,51773,51775],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51744,51745],{"class":34},"results ",[28,51747,39],{"class":38},[28,51749,3388],{"class":93},[28,51751,234],{"class":42},[28,51753,51754],{"class":46},"item1",[28,51756,234],{"class":42},[28,51758,2759],{"class":93},[28,51760,43],{"class":42},[28,51762,51763],{"class":46},"item2",[28,51765,234],{"class":42},[28,51767,2759],{"class":93},[28,51769,43],{"class":42},[28,51771,51772],{"class":46},"item3",[28,51774,234],{"class":42},[28,51776,3401],{"class":93},[28,51778,51779,51781,51783,51785,51788,51790,51792,51794,51796,51799],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51780,115],{"class":114},[28,51782,94],{"class":93},[28,51784,234],{"class":42},[28,51786,51787],{"class":46},"Items found:",[28,51789,234],{"class":42},[28,51791,2759],{"class":93},[28,51793,38178],{"class":114},[28,51795,94],{"class":93},[28,51797,51798],{"class":120},"results",[28,51800,318],{"class":93},[14,51802,51803],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[172,51805,51807],{"id":51806},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51809,51810,51812],{},[25,51811,42151],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51814,51815,51816,271],{},"These will raise a ",[25,51817,2775],{},[177,51819,51820,51823,51826],{},[180,51821,51822],{},"plain integers",[180,51824,51825],{},"floats",[180,51827,51828],{},[25,51829,3546],{},[14,51831,924],{},[18,51833,51835],{"className":20,"code":51834,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(len(5))\n",[25,51836,51837],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51838,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51840,115],{"class":114},[28,51842,94],{"class":93},[28,51844,10941],{"class":114},[28,51846,94],{"class":93},[28,51848,1905],{"class":97},[28,51850,318],{"class":93},[14,51852,51853,51854,51856],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[25,51855,1905],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51858,51859],{},"Another example:",[18,51861,51863],{"className":20,"code":51862,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(len(3.14))\n",[25,51864,51865],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51868,115],{"class":114},[28,51870,94],{"class":93},[28,51872,10941],{"class":114},[28,51874,94],{"class":93},[28,51876,792],{"class":97},[28,51878,318],{"class":93},[14,51880,51881,51882,271],{},"And with ",[25,51883,3546],{},[18,51885,51887],{"className":20,"code":51886,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[25,51888,51889,51897],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51890,51891,51893,51895],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51892,2216],{"class":34},[28,51894,39],{"class":38},[28,51896,48309],{"class":776},[28,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51900,115],{"class":114},[28,51902,94],{"class":93},[28,51904,10941],{"class":114},[28,51906,94],{"class":93},[28,51908,2242],{"class":120},[28,51910,318],{"class":93},[14,51912,51913,51914,385],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[381,51915,51917],{"href":51916},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[172,51919,51921],{"id":51920},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,51923,51924,51925,51927],{},"Before using ",[25,51926,42151],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,51929,51930],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[18,51932,51934],{"className":20,"code":51933,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[25,51935,51936,51944,51948,51958,51972,51990,52008],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,51937,51938,51940,51942],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,51939,2216],{"class":34},[28,51941,39],{"class":38},[28,51943,48309],{"class":776},[28,51945,51946],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,51947,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,51949,51950,51952,51954,51956],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,51951,115],{"class":114},[28,51953,94],{"class":93},[28,51955,2242],{"class":120},[28,51957,101],{"class":93},[28,51959,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,51961,115],{"class":114},[28,51963,94],{"class":93},[28,51965,311],{"class":89},[28,51967,94],{"class":93},[28,51969,2242],{"class":120},[28,51971,318],{"class":93},[28,51973,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984,51986,51988],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,51975,115],{"class":114},[28,51977,94],{"class":93},[28,51979,48657],{"class":114},[28,51981,94],{"class":93},[28,51983,2242],{"class":120},[28,51985,2759],{"class":93},[28,51987,90],{"class":89},[28,51989,318],{"class":93},[28,51991,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,51993,115],{"class":114},[28,51995,94],{"class":93},[28,51997,48657],{"class":114},[28,51999,94],{"class":93},[28,52001,2242],{"class":120},[28,52003,2759],{"class":93},[28,52005,22347],{"class":89},[28,52007,318],{"class":93},[28,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,52011,115],{"class":114},[28,52013,94],{"class":93},[28,52015,48657],{"class":114},[28,52017,94],{"class":93},[28,52019,2242],{"class":120},[28,52021,2759],{"class":93},[28,52023,8949],{"class":89},[28,52025,318],{"class":93},[14,52027,52028],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52030,52031],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[18,52033,52035],{"className":20,"code":52034,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[25,52036,52037,52049,52053,52067],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52038,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52040,2216],{"class":34},[28,52042,39],{"class":38},[28,52044,43],{"class":42},[28,52046,238],{"class":46},[28,52048,50],{"class":42},[28,52050,52051],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52052,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,52054,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,52056,6773],{"class":3644},[28,52058,21372],{"class":34},[28,52060,11976],{"class":38},[28,52062,7875],{"class":38},[28,52064,3620],{"class":776},[28,52066,6170],{"class":93},[28,52068,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,52070,7844],{"class":114},[28,52072,94],{"class":93},[28,52074,10941],{"class":114},[28,52076,94],{"class":93},[28,52078,2242],{"class":120},[28,52080,318],{"class":93},[14,52082,52083,52084,385],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[381,52085,8219],{"href":2068},[172,52087,1104],{"id":1103},[14,52089,22882,52090,271],{},[25,52091,42151],{},[177,52093,52094,52102,52110,52118,52124],{},[180,52095,8194,52096,52098,52099],{},[25,52097,42151],{}," on an integer like ",[25,52100,52101],{},"len(5)",[180,52103,8194,52104,52106,52107],{},[25,52105,42151],{}," on a float like ",[25,52108,52109],{},"len(3.14)",[180,52111,8194,52112,52114,52115,52117],{},[25,52113,42151],{}," on ",[25,52116,3546],{}," after a function returns nothing",[180,52119,1320,52120,52123],{},[25,52121,52122],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[180,52125,52126],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52128,52129],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[18,52131,52133],{"className":20,"code":52132,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[25,52134,52135,52171],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52136,52137,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153,52155,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52138,12989],{"class":34},[28,52140,39],{"class":38},[28,52142,10270],{"class":93},[28,52144,234],{"class":42},[28,52146,121],{"class":46},[28,52148,234],{"class":42},[28,52150,271],{"class":93},[28,52152,43],{"class":42},[28,52154,12664],{"class":46},[28,52156,234],{"class":42},[28,52158,2759],{"class":93},[28,52160,43],{"class":42},[28,52162,835],{"class":46},[28,52164,234],{"class":42},[28,52166,271],{"class":93},[28,52168,7566],{"class":97},[28,52170,9087],{"class":93},[28,52172,52173,52175,52177,52179,52181,52183,52185],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52174,115],{"class":114},[28,52176,94],{"class":93},[28,52178,10941],{"class":114},[28,52180,94],{"class":93},[28,52182,17093],{"class":120},[28,52184,5136],{"class":93},[28,52186,51194],{"class":1006},[14,52188,37386,52189,52191,52192,1323,52194,385],{},[25,52190,1825],{}," because there are two keys: ",[25,52193,15024],{},[25,52195,52196],{},"\"age\"",[14,52198,52199],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[18,52201,52203],{"className":20,"code":52202,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[25,52204,52205,52218],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52206,52207,52209,52211,52213,52216],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52208,84],{"class":34},[28,52210,39],{"class":38},[28,52212,43],{"class":42},[28,52214,52215],{"class":46},"a b",[28,52217,50],{"class":42},[28,52219,52220,52222,52224,52226,52228,52230,52232],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52221,115],{"class":114},[28,52223,94],{"class":93},[28,52225,10941],{"class":114},[28,52227,94],{"class":93},[28,52229,157],{"class":120},[28,52231,5136],{"class":93},[28,52233,50550],{"class":1006},[14,52235,52236],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[172,52238,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,52240,52242],{"id":52241},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52244,52245],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1109,52247,52249],{"id":52248},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52251,52252],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1109,52254,52256],{"id":52255},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52258,52259],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1109,52261,52263],{"id":52262},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52265,52266,52267,52269,52270,474,52272,52274,52275,385],{},"No. Using ",[25,52268,42151],{}," on an ",[25,52271,372],{},[25,52273,1962],{}," raises a ",[25,52276,2775],{},[1109,52278,52280],{"id":52279},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52282,7538,52283,385],{},[25,52284,52285],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52287,924],{},[18,52289,52291],{"className":20,"code":52290,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[25,52292,52293,52301,52305,52323],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52294,52295,52297,52299],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52296,8084],{"class":34},[28,52298,39],{"class":38},[28,52300,7615],{"class":93},[28,52302,52303],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52304,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,52306,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,52308,6773],{"class":3644},[28,52310,38178],{"class":114},[28,52312,94],{"class":93},[28,52314,8115],{"class":120},[28,52316,3428],{"class":93},[28,52318,6185],{"class":38},[28,52320,3602],{"class":97},[28,52322,6170],{"class":93},[28,52324,52325,52327,52329,52331,52334,52336],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,52326,7844],{"class":114},[28,52328,94],{"class":93},[28,52330,234],{"class":42},[28,52332,52333],{"class":46},"Empty list",[28,52335,234],{"class":42},[28,52337,101],{"class":93},[14,52339,52340,52341,52343,52344,52346,52347,52349],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[25,52342,3441],{}," in an ",[25,52345,6773],{}," statement, but ",[25,52348,42151],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[172,52351,1662],{"id":1661},[177,52353,52354,52358,52362,52366,52371,52375,52381],{},[180,52355,52356],{},[381,52357,50755],{"href":383},[180,52359,52360],{},[381,52361,50759],{"href":50758},[180,52363,52364],{},[381,52365,8934],{"href":8933},[180,52367,52368],{},[381,52369,52370],{"href":51325},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[180,52372,52373],{},[381,52374,8219],{"href":2068},[180,52376,52377],{},[381,52378,52380],{"href":52379},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[180,52382,52383],{},[381,52384,52385],{"href":51916},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1699,52387,52388],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":52390},[52391,52392,52393,52394,52395,52396,52397,52403,52404,52405,52406,52413],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":50558,"depth":53,"text":50559},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":50902,"depth":53,"text":50903},{"id":51089,"depth":53,"text":51090},{"id":51329,"depth":53,"text":51330},{"id":40837,"depth":53,"text":40838,"children":52398},[52399,52400,52401,52402],{"id":51548,"depth":70,"text":51549},{"id":51602,"depth":70,"text":51603},{"id":51653,"depth":70,"text":51654},{"id":51734,"depth":70,"text":51735},{"id":51806,"depth":53,"text":51807},{"id":51920,"depth":53,"text":51921},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":52407},[52408,52409,52410,52411,52412],{"id":52241,"depth":70,"text":52242},{"id":52248,"depth":70,"text":52249},{"id":52255,"depth":70,"text":52256},{"id":52262,"depth":70,"text":52263},{"id":52279,"depth":70,"text":52280},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50441,"description":52414},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52421,"title":52422,"body":52423,"description":54108,"extension":1730,"meta":54109,"navigation":107,"path":54110,"seo":54111,"stem":54112,"__hash__":54113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52424,"toc":54081},[52425,52428,52442,52448,52450,52504,52509,52513,52529,52532,52546,52552,52554,52557,52576,52592,52594,52670,52672,52709,52720,52722,52725,52786,52788,52821,52824,52830,52834,52837,52962,52964,53023,53031,53084,53086,53113,53119,53129,53133,53136,53141,53193,53195,53221,53227,53281,53283,53308,53311,53335,53341,53343,53347,53349,53406,53408,53416,53418,53440,53442,53495,53497,53521,53525,53527,53566,53568,53576,53582,53586,53638,53640,53666,53674,53678,53683,53692,53694,53760,53762,53794,53798,53803,53805,53819,53822,53895,53897,53923,53925,53929,53936,53940,53947,53951,53954,53956,54009,54011,54037,54041,54050,54052,54078],[10,52426,52422],{"id":52427},"python-list-append-method",[14,52429,679,52430,52433,52434,52437,52438,52441],{},[25,52431,52432],{},"append()"," method adds ",[163,52435,52436],{},"one item"," to the ",[163,52439,52440],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52443,52444,52445,52447],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[163,52446,4402],{}," create a new list.",[172,52449,3373],{"id":3372},[18,52451,52453],{"className":20,"code":52452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,52454,52455,52475,52489,52499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52456,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52458,3383],{"class":34},[28,52460,39],{"class":38},[28,52462,3388],{"class":93},[28,52464,2756],{"class":97},[28,52466,2759],{"class":93},[28,52468,2762],{"class":97},[28,52470,2759],{"class":93},[28,52472,2221],{"class":97},[28,52474,3401],{"class":93},[28,52476,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52478,3415],{"class":34},[28,52480,385],{"class":93},[28,52482,13338],{"class":120},[28,52484,94],{"class":93},[28,52486,2275],{"class":97},[28,52488,101],{"class":93},[28,52490,52491,52493,52495,52497],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,52492,115],{"class":114},[28,52494,94],{"class":93},[28,52496,3415],{"class":120},[28,52498,101],{"class":93},[28,52500,52501],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,52502,52503],{"class":1006},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52505,1631,52506,52508],{},[25,52507,52432],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[172,52510,52512],{"id":52511},"what-append-does","What append() does",[177,52514,52515,52520,52523,52526],{},[180,52516,52517,52519],{},[25,52518,52432],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[180,52521,52522],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[180,52524,52525],{},"It does not create a new list",[180,52527,52528],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52530,52531],{},"This means you can append:",[177,52533,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544],{},[180,52535,3415],{},[180,52537,5083],{},[180,52539,40386],{},[180,52541,5074],{},[180,52543,7027],{},[180,52545,34453],{},[14,52547,52548,52549,385],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[381,52550,52551],{"href":50758},"Python lists explained for beginners",[172,52553,5206],{"id":5205},[14,52555,52556],{},"Basic form:",[18,52558,52560],{"className":20,"code":52559,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.append(item)\n",[25,52561,52562],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52563,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52565,8115],{"class":34},[28,52567,385],{"class":93},[28,52569,13338],{"class":120},[28,52571,94],{"class":93},[28,52573,23098],{"class":120},[28,52575,101],{"class":93},[177,52577,52578,52583,52588],{},[180,52579,52580,52582],{},[25,52581,8115],{}," is the list you want to change",[180,52584,52585,52587],{},[25,52586,23098],{}," is the value or object to add",[180,52589,11693,52590],{},[25,52591,3546],{},[14,52593,924],{},[18,52595,52597],{"className":20,"code":52596,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[25,52598,52599,52623,52646,52650,52660],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52600,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52602,36029],{"class":34},[28,52604,39],{"class":38},[28,52606,3388],{"class":93},[28,52608,234],{"class":42},[28,52610,3849],{"class":46},[28,52612,234],{"class":42},[28,52614,2759],{"class":93},[28,52616,43],{"class":42},[28,52618,3858],{"class":46},[28,52620,234],{"class":42},[28,52622,3401],{"class":93},[28,52624,52625,52627,52629,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52626,1999],{"class":34},[28,52628,39],{"class":38},[28,52630,52631],{"class":34}," fruits",[28,52633,385],{"class":93},[28,52635,13338],{"class":120},[28,52637,94],{"class":93},[28,52639,234],{"class":42},[28,52641,33012],{"class":46},[28,52643,234],{"class":42},[28,52645,101],{"class":93},[28,52647,52648],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,52649,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,52651,52652,52654,52656,52658],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,52653,115],{"class":114},[28,52655,94],{"class":93},[28,52657,36081],{"class":120},[28,52659,101],{"class":93},[28,52661,52662,52664,52666,52668],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,52663,115],{"class":114},[28,52665,94],{"class":93},[28,52667,2033],{"class":120},[28,52669,101],{"class":93},[14,52671,336],{},[18,52673,52675],{"className":20,"code":52674,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[25,52676,52677,52705],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52678,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52680,3669],{"class":93},[28,52682,358],{"class":42},[28,52684,3849],{"class":46},[28,52686,358],{"class":42},[28,52688,2759],{"class":93},[28,52690,61],{"class":42},[28,52692,3858],{"class":46},[28,52694,358],{"class":42},[28,52696,2759],{"class":93},[28,52698,61],{"class":42},[28,52700,33012],{"class":46},[28,52702,358],{"class":42},[28,52704,3401],{"class":93},[28,52706,52707],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52708,11590],{"class":776},[14,52710,52711,52712,52714,52715,52717,52718,385],{},"The important detail is that ",[25,52713,52432],{}," updates ",[25,52716,36081],{},", but the method itself returns ",[25,52719,3546],{},[172,52721,11256],{"id":11255},[14,52723,52724],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[18,52726,52728],{"className":20,"code":52727,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[25,52729,52730,52754,52772,52776],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52731,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52733,12860],{"class":34},[28,52735,39],{"class":38},[28,52737,3388],{"class":93},[28,52739,234],{"class":42},[28,52741,12877],{"class":46},[28,52743,234],{"class":42},[28,52745,2759],{"class":93},[28,52747,43],{"class":42},[28,52749,12894],{"class":46},[28,52751,234],{"class":42},[28,52753,3401],{"class":93},[28,52755,52756,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52757,17289],{"class":34},[28,52759,385],{"class":93},[28,52761,13338],{"class":120},[28,52763,94],{"class":93},[28,52765,234],{"class":42},[28,52767,17242],{"class":46},[28,52769,234],{"class":42},[28,52771,101],{"class":93},[28,52773,52774],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,52775,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,52777,52778,52780,52782,52784],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,52779,115],{"class":114},[28,52781,94],{"class":93},[28,52783,17289],{"class":120},[28,52785,101],{"class":93},[14,52787,336],{},[18,52789,52791],{"className":20,"code":52790,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[25,52792,52793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52794,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52796,3669],{"class":93},[28,52798,358],{"class":42},[28,52800,12877],{"class":46},[28,52802,358],{"class":42},[28,52804,2759],{"class":93},[28,52806,61],{"class":42},[28,52808,12894],{"class":46},[28,52810,358],{"class":42},[28,52812,2759],{"class":93},[28,52814,61],{"class":42},[28,52816,17242],{"class":46},[28,52818,358],{"class":42},[28,52820,3401],{"class":93},[14,52822,52823],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52825,30873,52826,385],{},[381,52827,52829],{"href":52828},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[172,52831,52833],{"id":52832},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52835,52836],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[18,52838,52840],{"className":20,"code":52839,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,52841,52842,52850,52854,52868,52886,52900,52926,52948,52952],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52843,52844,52846,52848],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52845,7555],{"class":34},[28,52847,39],{"class":38},[28,52849,7615],{"class":93},[28,52851,52852],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,52853,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,52855,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,52857,7586],{"class":34},[28,52859,385],{"class":93},[28,52861,13338],{"class":120},[28,52863,94],{"class":93},[28,52865,2099],{"class":97},[28,52867,101],{"class":93},[28,52869,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,52871,7586],{"class":34},[28,52873,385],{"class":93},[28,52875,13338],{"class":120},[28,52877,94],{"class":93},[28,52879,234],{"class":42},[28,52881,238],{"class":46},[28,52883,234],{"class":42},[28,52885,101],{"class":93},[28,52887,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,52889,7586],{"class":34},[28,52891,385],{"class":93},[28,52893,13338],{"class":120},[28,52895,94],{"class":93},[28,52897,777],{"class":776},[28,52899,101],{"class":93},[28,52901,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,52903,7586],{"class":34},[28,52905,385],{"class":93},[28,52907,13338],{"class":120},[28,52909,5305],{"class":93},[28,52911,234],{"class":42},[28,52913,121],{"class":46},[28,52915,234],{"class":42},[28,52917,271],{"class":93},[28,52919,43],{"class":42},[28,52921,7452],{"class":46},[28,52923,234],{"class":42},[28,52925,30286],{"class":93},[28,52927,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,52929,7586],{"class":34},[28,52931,385],{"class":93},[28,52933,13338],{"class":120},[28,52935,2753],{"class":93},[28,52937,2756],{"class":97},[28,52939,2759],{"class":93},[28,52941,2762],{"class":97},[28,52943,2759],{"class":93},[28,52945,2221],{"class":97},[28,52947,3657],{"class":93},[28,52949,52950],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,52951,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,52953,52954,52956,52958,52960],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,52955,115],{"class":114},[28,52957,94],{"class":93},[28,52959,7586],{"class":120},[28,52961,101],{"class":93},[14,52963,336],{},[18,52965,52967],{"className":20,"code":52966,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[25,52968,52969],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,52970,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,52972,3669],{"class":93},[28,52974,2099],{"class":97},[28,52976,2759],{"class":93},[28,52978,61],{"class":42},[28,52980,238],{"class":46},[28,52982,358],{"class":42},[28,52984,2759],{"class":93},[28,52986,3685],{"class":776},[28,52988,2759],{"class":93},[28,52990,10270],{"class":93},[28,52992,358],{"class":42},[28,52994,121],{"class":46},[28,52996,358],{"class":42},[28,52998,271],{"class":93},[28,53000,61],{"class":42},[28,53002,7452],{"class":46},[28,53004,358],{"class":42},[28,53006,53007],{"class":93},"},",[28,53009,3388],{"class":93},[28,53011,2756],{"class":97},[28,53013,2759],{"class":93},[28,53015,2762],{"class":97},[28,53017,2759],{"class":93},[28,53019,2221],{"class":97},[28,53021,53022],{"class":93},"]]\n",[14,53024,53025,53026,41946,53028,385],{},"A list added with ",[25,53027,52432],{},[163,53029,53030],{},"one single item",[18,53032,53034],{"className":20,"code":53033,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,53035,53036,53052,53070,53074],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53037,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53039,3383],{"class":34},[28,53041,39],{"class":38},[28,53043,3388],{"class":93},[28,53045,2756],{"class":97},[28,53047,2759],{"class":93},[28,53049,2762],{"class":97},[28,53051,3401],{"class":93},[28,53053,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53055,3415],{"class":34},[28,53057,385],{"class":93},[28,53059,13338],{"class":120},[28,53061,2753],{"class":93},[28,53063,1831],{"class":97},[28,53065,2759],{"class":93},[28,53067,2226],{"class":97},[28,53069,3657],{"class":93},[28,53071,53072],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53073,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53075,53076,53078,53080,53082],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53077,115],{"class":114},[28,53079,94],{"class":93},[28,53081,3415],{"class":120},[28,53083,101],{"class":93},[14,53085,336],{},[18,53087,53089],{"className":20,"code":53088,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[25,53090,53091],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53092,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53094,3669],{"class":93},[28,53096,2756],{"class":97},[28,53098,2759],{"class":93},[28,53100,2762],{"class":97},[28,53102,2759],{"class":93},[28,53104,3388],{"class":93},[28,53106,1831],{"class":97},[28,53108,2759],{"class":93},[28,53110,2226],{"class":97},[28,53112,53022],{"class":93},[14,53114,2055,53115,53118],{},[25,53116,53117],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53120,53121,53122,53128],{},"This is different from ",[381,53123,53125],{"href":53124},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[25,53126,53127],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[172,53130,53132],{"id":53131},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53134,53135],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1109,53137,8194,53139],{"id":53138},"using-append",[25,53140,52432],{},[18,53142,53143],{"className":20,"code":53033,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53144,53145,53161,53179,53183],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53146,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53148,3383],{"class":34},[28,53150,39],{"class":38},[28,53152,3388],{"class":93},[28,53154,2756],{"class":97},[28,53156,2759],{"class":93},[28,53158,2762],{"class":97},[28,53160,3401],{"class":93},[28,53162,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53164,3415],{"class":34},[28,53166,385],{"class":93},[28,53168,13338],{"class":120},[28,53170,2753],{"class":93},[28,53172,1831],{"class":97},[28,53174,2759],{"class":93},[28,53176,2226],{"class":97},[28,53178,3657],{"class":93},[28,53180,53181],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53182,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53184,53185,53187,53189,53191],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53186,115],{"class":114},[28,53188,94],{"class":93},[28,53190,3415],{"class":120},[28,53192,101],{"class":93},[14,53194,336],{},[18,53196,53197],{"className":20,"code":53088,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53198,53199],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53200,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53202,3669],{"class":93},[28,53204,2756],{"class":97},[28,53206,2759],{"class":93},[28,53208,2762],{"class":97},[28,53210,2759],{"class":93},[28,53212,3388],{"class":93},[28,53214,1831],{"class":97},[28,53216,2759],{"class":93},[28,53218,2226],{"class":97},[28,53220,53022],{"class":93},[1109,53222,8194,53224],{"id":53223},"using-extend",[25,53225,53226],{},"extend()",[18,53228,53230],{"className":20,"code":53229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,53231,53232,53248,53267,53271],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53233,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53235,3383],{"class":34},[28,53237,39],{"class":38},[28,53239,3388],{"class":93},[28,53241,2756],{"class":97},[28,53243,2759],{"class":93},[28,53245,2762],{"class":97},[28,53247,3401],{"class":93},[28,53249,53250,53252,53254,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53251,3415],{"class":34},[28,53253,385],{"class":93},[28,53255,53256],{"class":120},"extend",[28,53258,2753],{"class":93},[28,53260,1831],{"class":97},[28,53262,2759],{"class":93},[28,53264,2226],{"class":97},[28,53266,3657],{"class":93},[28,53268,53269],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53270,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53272,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53274,115],{"class":114},[28,53276,94],{"class":93},[28,53278,3415],{"class":120},[28,53280,101],{"class":93},[14,53282,336],{},[18,53284,53286],{"className":20,"code":53285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,53287,53288],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53289,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300,53302,53304,53306],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53291,3669],{"class":93},[28,53293,2756],{"class":97},[28,53295,2759],{"class":93},[28,53297,2762],{"class":97},[28,53299,2759],{"class":93},[28,53301,2221],{"class":97},[28,53303,2759],{"class":93},[28,53305,2226],{"class":97},[28,53307,3401],{"class":93},[14,53309,53310],{},"The difference:",[177,53312,53313,53319,53325,53330],{},[180,53314,53315,53318],{},[25,53316,53317],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[180,53320,53321,53324],{},[25,53322,53323],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[180,53326,1631,53327,53329],{},[25,53328,52432],{}," for one item",[180,53331,1631,53332,53334],{},[25,53333,53226],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53336,53337,53338,385],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[381,53339,53340],{"href":53124},"Python list extend() method",[172,53342,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,53344,53346],{"id":53345},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53348,25479],{},[18,53350,53352],{"className":20,"code":53351,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,53353,53354,53374,53392,53396],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53355,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53357,7555],{"class":34},[28,53359,39],{"class":38},[28,53361,3388],{"class":93},[28,53363,2756],{"class":97},[28,53365,2759],{"class":93},[28,53367,2762],{"class":97},[28,53369,2759],{"class":93},[28,53371,2221],{"class":97},[28,53373,3401],{"class":93},[28,53375,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53377,7555],{"class":34},[28,53379,39],{"class":38},[28,53381,5742],{"class":34},[28,53383,385],{"class":93},[28,53385,13338],{"class":120},[28,53387,94],{"class":93},[28,53389,2275],{"class":97},[28,53391,101],{"class":93},[28,53393,53394],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53395,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53397,53398,53400,53402,53404],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53399,115],{"class":114},[28,53401,94],{"class":93},[28,53403,7586],{"class":120},[28,53405,101],{"class":93},[14,53407,336],{},[18,53409,53410],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53411,53412],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53413,53414],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53415,11590],{"class":776},[14,53417,11682],{},[177,53419,53420,53425,53431],{},[180,53421,53422,53424],{},[25,53423,52432],{}," changes the list in place",[180,53426,53427,2166,53429],{},[25,53428,52432],{},[25,53430,3546],{},[180,53432,53433,53434,53437,53438],{},"So ",[25,53435,53436],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[25,53439,3546],{},[14,53441,1142],{},[18,53443,53445],{"className":20,"code":53444,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,53446,53447,53467,53481,53485],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53448,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53450,7555],{"class":34},[28,53452,39],{"class":38},[28,53454,3388],{"class":93},[28,53456,2756],{"class":97},[28,53458,2759],{"class":93},[28,53460,2762],{"class":97},[28,53462,2759],{"class":93},[28,53464,2221],{"class":97},[28,53466,3401],{"class":93},[28,53468,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53470,7586],{"class":34},[28,53472,385],{"class":93},[28,53474,13338],{"class":120},[28,53476,94],{"class":93},[28,53478,2275],{"class":97},[28,53480,101],{"class":93},[28,53482,53483],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53484,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53486,53487,53489,53491,53493],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53488,115],{"class":114},[28,53490,94],{"class":93},[28,53492,7586],{"class":120},[28,53494,101],{"class":93},[14,53496,336],{},[18,53498,53499],{"className":20,"code":53285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53500,53501],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53502,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53504,3669],{"class":93},[28,53506,2756],{"class":97},[28,53508,2759],{"class":93},[28,53510,2762],{"class":97},[28,53512,2759],{"class":93},[28,53514,2221],{"class":97},[28,53516,2759],{"class":93},[28,53518,2226],{"class":97},[28,53520,3401],{"class":93},[1109,53522,53524],{"id":53523},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53526,18701],{},[18,53528,53530],{"className":20,"code":53529,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[25,53531,53532,53556],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53533,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53535,31673],{"class":34},[28,53537,39],{"class":38},[28,53539,3388],{"class":93},[28,53541,2756],{"class":97},[28,53543,2759],{"class":93},[28,53545,2762],{"class":97},[28,53547,13335],{"class":93},[28,53549,13338],{"class":120},[28,53551,94],{"class":93},[28,53553,1831],{"class":97},[28,53555,101],{"class":93},[28,53557,53558,53560,53562,53564],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53559,115],{"class":114},[28,53561,94],{"class":93},[28,53563,31692],{"class":120},[28,53565,101],{"class":93},[14,53567,336],{},[18,53569,53570],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53571,53572],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53573,53574],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53575,11590],{"class":776},[14,53577,53578,53579,53581],{},"Remember: ",[25,53580,52432],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1109,53583,53585],{"id":53584},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[18,53587,53588],{"className":20,"code":53033,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53589,53590,53606,53624,53628],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53591,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53593,3383],{"class":34},[28,53595,39],{"class":38},[28,53597,3388],{"class":93},[28,53599,2756],{"class":97},[28,53601,2759],{"class":93},[28,53603,2762],{"class":97},[28,53605,3401],{"class":93},[28,53607,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53609,3415],{"class":34},[28,53611,385],{"class":93},[28,53613,13338],{"class":120},[28,53615,2753],{"class":93},[28,53617,1831],{"class":97},[28,53619,2759],{"class":93},[28,53621,2226],{"class":97},[28,53623,3657],{"class":93},[28,53625,53626],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53627,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53629,53630,53632,53634,53636],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53631,115],{"class":114},[28,53633,94],{"class":93},[28,53635,3415],{"class":120},[28,53637,101],{"class":93},[14,53639,336],{},[18,53641,53642],{"className":20,"code":53088,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53643,53644],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53645,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53647,3669],{"class":93},[28,53649,2756],{"class":97},[28,53651,2759],{"class":93},[28,53653,2762],{"class":97},[28,53655,2759],{"class":93},[28,53657,3388],{"class":93},[28,53659,1831],{"class":97},[28,53661,2759],{"class":93},[28,53663,2226],{"class":97},[28,53665,53022],{"class":93},[14,53667,2940,53668,53671,53672,6406],{},[25,53669,53670],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[25,53673,53226],{},[1109,53675,53677],{"id":53676},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53679,53680,53682],{},[25,53681,52432],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53684,53685,53686,385],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[381,53687,53689],{"href":53688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[25,53690,53691],{},"list.insert()",[14,53693,924],{},[18,53695,53697],{"className":20,"code":53696,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[25,53698,53699,53723,53746,53750],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53700,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53702,35880],{"class":34},[28,53704,39],{"class":38},[28,53706,3388],{"class":93},[28,53708,234],{"class":42},[28,53710,381],{"class":46},[28,53712,234],{"class":42},[28,53714,2759],{"class":93},[28,53716,43],{"class":42},[28,53718,9518],{"class":46},[28,53720,234],{"class":42},[28,53722,3401],{"class":93},[28,53724,53725,53727,53729,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53726,35933],{"class":34},[28,53728,385],{"class":93},[28,53730,53731],{"class":120},"insert",[28,53733,94],{"class":93},[28,53735,2756],{"class":97},[28,53737,2759],{"class":93},[28,53739,43],{"class":42},[28,53741,4533],{"class":46},[28,53743,234],{"class":42},[28,53745,101],{"class":93},[28,53747,53748],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53749,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53751,53752,53754,53756,53758],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53753,115],{"class":114},[28,53755,94],{"class":93},[28,53757,35933],{"class":120},[28,53759,101],{"class":93},[14,53761,336],{},[18,53763,53764],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,53765,53766],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53767,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53769,3669],{"class":93},[28,53771,358],{"class":42},[28,53773,381],{"class":46},[28,53775,358],{"class":42},[28,53777,2759],{"class":93},[28,53779,61],{"class":42},[28,53781,4533],{"class":46},[28,53783,358],{"class":42},[28,53785,2759],{"class":93},[28,53787,61],{"class":42},[28,53789,9518],{"class":46},[28,53791,358],{"class":42},[28,53793,3401],{"class":93},[172,53795,53797],{"id":53796},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53799,53800,53802],{},[25,53801,52432],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53804,36216],{},[177,53806,53807,53810,53813,53816],{},[180,53808,53809],{},"building a list in a loop",[180,53811,53812],{},"collecting user input",[180,53814,53815],{},"storing results step by step",[180,53817,53818],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53820,53821],{},"Example with a loop:",[18,53823,53825],{"className":20,"code":53824,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[25,53826,53827,53836,53840,53861,53880,53884],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53828,53829,53832,53834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53830,53831],{"class":34},"squares ",[28,53833,39],{"class":38},[28,53835,7615],{"class":93},[28,53837,53838],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53839,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53841,53842,53844,53846,53848,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53843,5734],{"class":3644},[28,53845,6163],{"class":34},[28,53847,3651],{"class":3644},[28,53849,53850],{"class":114}," range",[28,53852,94],{"class":93},[28,53854,2756],{"class":97},[28,53856,2759],{"class":93},[28,53858,4376],{"class":97},[28,53860,8118],{"class":93},[28,53862,53863,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,53864,53865],{"class":34},"    squares",[28,53867,385],{"class":93},[28,53869,13338],{"class":120},[28,53871,94],{"class":93},[28,53873,293],{"class":120},[28,53875,39665],{"class":38},[28,53877,1967],{"class":120},[28,53879,101],{"class":93},[28,53881,53882],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,53883,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,53885,53886,53888,53890,53893],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,53887,115],{"class":114},[28,53889,94],{"class":93},[28,53891,53892],{"class":120},"squares",[28,53894,101],{"class":93},[14,53896,336],{},[18,53898,53900],{"className":20,"code":53899,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[25,53901,53902],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53903,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53917,53919,53921],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53905,3669],{"class":93},[28,53907,2756],{"class":97},[28,53909,2759],{"class":93},[28,53911,2226],{"class":97},[28,53913,2759],{"class":93},[28,53915,53916],{"class":97}," 9",[28,53918,2759],{"class":93},[28,53920,13773],{"class":97},[28,53922,3401],{"class":93},[172,53924,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,53926,53928],{"id":53927},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,53930,46150,53931,53933,53934,385],{},[25,53932,52432],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[25,53935,3546],{},[1109,53937,53939],{"id":53938},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,53941,53942,53943,385],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[381,53944,53945],{"href":53124},[25,53946,53226],{},[1109,53948,53950],{"id":53949},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,53952,53953],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,53955,924],{},[18,53957,53959],{"className":20,"code":53958,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[25,53960,53961,53977,53995,53999],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,53962,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,53964,8944],{"class":34},[28,53966,39],{"class":38},[28,53968,3388],{"class":93},[28,53970,2756],{"class":97},[28,53972,2759],{"class":93},[28,53974,2762],{"class":97},[28,53976,3401],{"class":93},[28,53978,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,53980,8983],{"class":34},[28,53982,385],{"class":93},[28,53984,13338],{"class":120},[28,53986,2753],{"class":93},[28,53988,1831],{"class":97},[28,53990,2759],{"class":93},[28,53992,2226],{"class":97},[28,53994,3657],{"class":93},[28,53996,53997],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,53998,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54000,54001,54003,54005,54007],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54002,115],{"class":114},[28,54004,94],{"class":93},[28,54006,8983],{"class":120},[28,54008,101],{"class":93},[14,54010,336],{},[18,54012,54013],{"className":20,"code":53088,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,54014,54015],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54016,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033,54035],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54018,3669],{"class":93},[28,54020,2756],{"class":97},[28,54022,2759],{"class":93},[28,54024,2762],{"class":97},[28,54026,2759],{"class":93},[28,54028,3388],{"class":93},[28,54030,1831],{"class":97},[28,54032,2759],{"class":93},[28,54034,2226],{"class":97},[28,54036,53022],{"class":93},[1109,54038,54040],{"id":54039},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54042,54043,54045,54046,54049],{},[25,54044,52432],{}," adds at the end. ",[25,54047,54048],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[172,54051,1662],{"id":1661},[177,54053,54054,54059,54063,54068,54072],{},[180,54055,54056],{},[381,54057,54058],{"href":52828},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[180,54060,54061],{},[381,54062,53340],{"href":53124},[180,54064,54065],{},[381,54066,54067],{"href":53688},"Python list insert() method",[180,54069,54070],{},[381,54071,52551],{"href":50758},[180,54073,54074],{},[381,54075,54077],{"href":54076},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1699,54079,54080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":54082},[54083,54084,54085,54086,54087,54088,54094,54100,54101,54107],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":52511,"depth":53,"text":52512},{"id":5205,"depth":53,"text":5206},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":52832,"depth":53,"text":52833},{"id":53131,"depth":53,"text":53132,"children":54089},[54090,54092],{"id":53138,"depth":70,"text":54091},"Using append()",{"id":53223,"depth":70,"text":54093},"Using extend()",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":54095},[54096,54097,54098,54099],{"id":53345,"depth":70,"text":53346},{"id":53523,"depth":70,"text":53524},{"id":53584,"depth":70,"text":53585},{"id":53676,"depth":70,"text":53677},{"id":53796,"depth":53,"text":53797},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":54102},[54103,54104,54105,54106],{"id":53927,"depth":70,"text":53928},{"id":53938,"depth":70,"text":53939},{"id":53949,"depth":70,"text":53950},{"id":54039,"depth":70,"text":54040},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52422,"description":54108},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54115,"title":54116,"body":54117,"description":55361,"extension":1730,"meta":55362,"navigation":107,"path":55363,"seo":55364,"stem":55365,"__hash__":55366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54118,"toc":55326},[54119,54125,54131,54137,54139,54187,54192,54197,54201,54217,54223,54225,54228,54243,54245,54256,54258,54260,54317,54319,54327,54329,54345,54351,54353,54359,54363,54447,54450,54499,54506,54514,54517,54531,54544,54550,54625,54632,54639,54713,54721,54724,54735,54744,54748,54752,54763,54765,54842,54863,54865,54875,54878,54926,54928,54949,54952,54954,55005,55011,55018,55085,55091,55097,55100,55127,55132,55138,55141,55213,55216,55227,55233,55235,55241,55244,55250,55256,55263,55271,55277,55283,55285,55323],[10,54120,54122,54123,11102],{"id":54121},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[25,54124,11101],{},[14,54126,54127,54130],{},[25,54128,54129],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54132,54133,54134,54136],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[163,54135,11114],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[172,54138,3373],{"id":3372},[18,54140,54142],{"className":20,"code":54141,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[25,54143,54144,54164,54174],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54145,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160,54162],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54147,7555],{"class":34},[28,54149,39],{"class":38},[28,54151,3388],{"class":93},[28,54153,2756],{"class":97},[28,54155,2759],{"class":93},[28,54157,2762],{"class":97},[28,54159,2759],{"class":93},[28,54161,2221],{"class":97},[28,54163,3401],{"class":93},[28,54165,54166,54168,54170,54172],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54167,7586],{"class":34},[28,54169,385],{"class":93},[28,54171,11163],{"class":120},[28,54173,8420],{"class":93},[28,54175,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54177,115],{"class":114},[28,54179,94],{"class":93},[28,54181,7586],{"class":120},[28,54183,3428],{"class":93},[28,54185,54186],{"class":1006},"  # []\n",[14,54188,1631,54189,54191],{},[25,54190,11101],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[172,54193,3445,54195,3448],{"id":54194},"what-listclear-does",[25,54196,54129],{},[14,54198,54199,271],{},[25,54200,54129],{},[177,54202,54203,54206,54209,54214],{},[180,54204,54205],{},"Removes every item from a list",[180,54207,54208],{},"Changes the original list in place",[180,54210,54211,54212],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[25,54213,3555],{},[180,54215,54216],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54218,54219,54220,54222],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[25,54221,11101],{},", but it contains no values.",[172,54224,1927],{"id":1926},[14,54226,54227],{},"Syntax:",[18,54229,54231],{"className":20,"code":54230,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.clear()\n",[25,54232,54233],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54234,54235,54237,54239,54241],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54236,8115],{"class":34},[28,54238,385],{"class":93},[28,54240,11163],{"class":120},[28,54242,8420],{"class":93},[14,54244,11239],{},[177,54246,54247,54250,54253],{},[180,54248,54249],{},"Call it on a list object",[180,54251,54252],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[180,54254,54255],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[172,54257,11256],{"id":11255},[14,54259,11259],{},[18,54261,54263],{"className":20,"code":54262,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,54264,54265,54289,54293,54303,54307],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54266,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54268,3383],{"class":34},[28,54270,39],{"class":38},[28,54272,3388],{"class":93},[28,54274,2099],{"class":97},[28,54276,2759],{"class":93},[28,54278,7566],{"class":97},[28,54280,2759],{"class":93},[28,54282,7571],{"class":97},[28,54284,2759],{"class":93},[28,54286,50623],{"class":97},[28,54288,3401],{"class":93},[28,54290,54291],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54292,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54294,54295,54297,54299,54301],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54296,3415],{"class":34},[28,54298,385],{"class":93},[28,54300,11163],{"class":120},[28,54302,8420],{"class":93},[28,54304,54305],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54306,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54308,54309,54311,54313,54315],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,54310,115],{"class":114},[28,54312,94],{"class":93},[28,54314,3415],{"class":120},[28,54316,101],{"class":93},[14,54318,336],{},[18,54320,54321],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,54322,54323],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54324,54325],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54326,38089],{"class":93},[14,54328,11465],{},[177,54330,54331,54336,54342],{},[180,54332,54333,54335],{},[25,54334,3415],{}," starts with four items",[180,54337,54338,54341],{},[25,54339,54340],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[180,54343,54344],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54346,54347,54348,385],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[381,54349,52551],{"href":54350},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[172,54352,17205],{"id":17204},[14,54354,54355,2166,54357,385],{},[25,54356,11101],{},[25,54358,3546],{},[14,54360,40698,54361,52447],{},[163,54362,4402],{},[18,54364,54366],{"className":20,"code":54365,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[25,54367,54368,54400,54404,54418,54422,54435],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54369,54370,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394,54396,54398],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54371,7555],{"class":34},[28,54373,39],{"class":38},[28,54375,3388],{"class":93},[28,54377,234],{"class":42},[28,54379,381],{"class":46},[28,54381,234],{"class":42},[28,54383,2759],{"class":93},[28,54385,43],{"class":42},[28,54387,4533],{"class":46},[28,54389,234],{"class":42},[28,54391,2759],{"class":93},[28,54393,43],{"class":42},[28,54395,9518],{"class":46},[28,54397,234],{"class":42},[28,54399,3401],{"class":93},[28,54401,54402],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54403,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54405,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54407,1999],{"class":34},[28,54409,39],{"class":38},[28,54411,5742],{"class":34},[28,54413,385],{"class":93},[28,54415,11163],{"class":120},[28,54417,8420],{"class":93},[28,54419,54420],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54421,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54423,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,54425,115],{"class":114},[28,54427,94],{"class":93},[28,54429,7586],{"class":120},[28,54431,3428],{"class":93},[28,54433,54434],{"class":1006},"   # []\n",[28,54436,54437,54439,54441,54443,54445],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,54438,115],{"class":114},[28,54440,94],{"class":93},[28,54442,2033],{"class":120},[28,54444,3428],{"class":93},[28,54446,20664],{"class":1006},[14,54448,54449],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[18,54451,54453],{"className":20,"code":54452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[25,54454,54455,54475,54489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54456,54457,54459,54461,54463,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54458,7555],{"class":34},[28,54460,39],{"class":38},[28,54462,3388],{"class":93},[28,54464,2756],{"class":97},[28,54466,2759],{"class":93},[28,54468,2762],{"class":97},[28,54470,2759],{"class":93},[28,54472,2221],{"class":97},[28,54474,3401],{"class":93},[28,54476,54477,54479,54481,54483,54485,54487],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54478,7555],{"class":34},[28,54480,39],{"class":38},[28,54482,5742],{"class":34},[28,54484,385],{"class":93},[28,54486,11163],{"class":120},[28,54488,8420],{"class":93},[28,54490,54491,54493,54495,54497],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54492,115],{"class":114},[28,54494,94],{"class":93},[28,54496,7586],{"class":120},[28,54498,101],{"class":93},[14,54500,11698,54501,41946,54503,54505],{},[25,54502,7586],{},[25,54504,3546],{},", not an empty list.",[172,54507,54509,54511,54512],{"id":54508},"clear-vs-assigning",[25,54510,11101],{}," vs assigning ",[25,54513,3555],{},[14,54515,54516],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[18,54518,54519],{"className":20,"code":54230,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,54520,54521],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54522,54523,54525,54527,54529],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54524,8115],{"class":34},[28,54526,385],{"class":93},[28,54528,11163],{"class":120},[28,54530,8420],{"class":93},[18,54532,54534],{"className":20,"code":54533,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = []\n",[25,54535,54536],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54537,54538,54540,54542],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54539,8084],{"class":34},[28,54541,39],{"class":38},[28,54543,7615],{"class":93},[1109,54545,54547,54549],{"id":54546},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[25,54548,11101],{}," empties the same list object",[18,54551,54553],{"className":20,"code":54552,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[25,54554,54555,54575,54583,54587,54597,54601,54613],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54556,54557,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54558,885],{"class":34},[28,54560,39],{"class":38},[28,54562,3388],{"class":93},[28,54564,2756],{"class":97},[28,54566,2759],{"class":93},[28,54568,2762],{"class":97},[28,54570,2759],{"class":93},[28,54572,2221],{"class":97},[28,54574,3401],{"class":93},[28,54576,54577,54579,54581],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54578,899],{"class":34},[28,54580,39],{"class":38},[28,54582,35965],{"class":34},[28,54584,54585],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54586,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54588,54589,54591,54593,54595],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54590,381],{"class":34},[28,54592,385],{"class":93},[28,54594,11163],{"class":120},[28,54596,8420],{"class":93},[28,54598,54599],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,54600,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54602,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,54604,115],{"class":114},[28,54606,94],{"class":93},[28,54608,381],{"class":120},[28,54610,3428],{"class":93},[28,54612,54186],{"class":1006},[28,54614,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,54616,115],{"class":114},[28,54618,94],{"class":93},[28,54620,4533],{"class":120},[28,54622,3428],{"class":93},[28,54624,54186],{"class":1006},[14,54626,10370,54627,1323,54629,54631],{},[25,54628,381],{},[25,54630,4533],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1109,54633,54635,54638],{"id":54634},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[25,54636,54637],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[18,54640,54642],{"className":20,"code":54641,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[25,54643,54644,54664,54672,54676,54684,54688,54700],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54645,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654,54656,54658,54660,54662],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54647,885],{"class":34},[28,54649,39],{"class":38},[28,54651,3388],{"class":93},[28,54653,2756],{"class":97},[28,54655,2759],{"class":93},[28,54657,2762],{"class":97},[28,54659,2759],{"class":93},[28,54661,2221],{"class":97},[28,54663,3401],{"class":93},[28,54665,54666,54668,54670],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54667,899],{"class":34},[28,54669,39],{"class":38},[28,54671,35965],{"class":34},[28,54673,54674],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54675,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54677,54678,54680,54682],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54679,885],{"class":34},[28,54681,39],{"class":38},[28,54683,7615],{"class":93},[28,54685,54686],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,54687,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54689,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,54691,115],{"class":114},[28,54693,94],{"class":93},[28,54695,381],{"class":120},[28,54697,3428],{"class":93},[28,54699,54186],{"class":1006},[28,54701,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,54703,115],{"class":114},[28,54705,94],{"class":93},[28,54707,4533],{"class":120},[28,54709,3428],{"class":93},[28,54711,54712],{"class":1006},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54714,20559,54715,54717,54718,54720],{},[25,54716,381],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[25,54719,4533],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54722,54723],{},"This difference matters when:",[177,54725,54726,54729,54732],{},[180,54727,54728],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[180,54730,54731],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[180,54733,54734],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54736,54737,54738,385],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[381,54739,54741,54742,1689],{"href":54740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[25,54743,12560],{},[172,54745,4734,54746],{"id":12220},[25,54747,11101],{},[14,54749,1631,54750,6094],{},[25,54751,11101],{},[177,54753,54754,54757,54760],{},[180,54755,54756],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[180,54758,54759],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[180,54761,54762],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54764,924],{},[18,54766,54768],{"className":20,"code":54767,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[25,54769,54770,54806,54810,54815,54826,54830],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54771,54772,54775,54777,54779,54781,54784,54786,54788,54790,54793,54795,54797,54799,54802,54804],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54773,54774],{"class":34},"shopping_cart ",[28,54776,39],{"class":38},[28,54778,3388],{"class":93},[28,54780,234],{"class":42},[28,54782,54783],{"class":46},"milk",[28,54785,234],{"class":42},[28,54787,2759],{"class":93},[28,54789,43],{"class":42},[28,54791,54792],{"class":46},"bread",[28,54794,234],{"class":42},[28,54796,2759],{"class":93},[28,54798,43],{"class":42},[28,54800,54801],{"class":46},"eggs",[28,54803,234],{"class":42},[28,54805,3401],{"class":93},[28,54807,54808],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54809,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54811,54812],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54813,54814],{"class":1006},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[28,54816,54817,54820,54822,54824],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54818,54819],{"class":34},"shopping_cart",[28,54821,385],{"class":93},[28,54823,11163],{"class":120},[28,54825,8420],{"class":93},[28,54827,54828],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,54829,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54831,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,54833,115],{"class":114},[28,54835,94],{"class":93},[28,54837,54819],{"class":120},[28,54839,3428],{"class":93},[28,54841,54186],{"class":1006},[14,54843,54844,54845,54849,54850,54856,54857,385],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[381,54846,54848],{"href":54847},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[381,54851,54853,1689],{"href":54852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[25,54854,54855],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[381,54858,54860,1689],{"href":54859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[25,54861,54862],{},"list.pop()",[172,54864,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,54866,54868,54869,10871,54872],{"id":54867},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[25,54870,54871],{},"my_list.clear",[25,54873,54874],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54876,54877],{},"This does not call the method.",[18,54879,54881],{"className":20,"code":54880,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[25,54882,54883,54903,54907,54916],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54884,54885,54887,54889,54891,54893,54895,54897,54899,54901],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54886,7555],{"class":34},[28,54888,39],{"class":38},[28,54890,3388],{"class":93},[28,54892,2756],{"class":97},[28,54894,2759],{"class":93},[28,54896,2762],{"class":97},[28,54898,2759],{"class":93},[28,54900,2221],{"class":97},[28,54902,3401],{"class":93},[28,54904,54905],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54906,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54908,54909,54911,54913],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54910,7586],{"class":34},[28,54912,385],{"class":93},[28,54914,54915],{"class":24538},"clear\n",[28,54917,54918,54920,54922,54924],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54919,115],{"class":114},[28,54921,94],{"class":93},[28,54923,7586],{"class":120},[28,54925,101],{"class":93},[14,54927,336],{},[18,54929,54931],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[25,54932,54933],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54934,54935,54937,54939,54941,54943,54945,54947],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54936,3669],{"class":93},[28,54938,2756],{"class":97},[28,54940,2759],{"class":93},[28,54942,2762],{"class":97},[28,54944,2759],{"class":93},[28,54946,2221],{"class":97},[28,54948,3401],{"class":93},[14,54950,54951],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54953,1142],{},[18,54955,54957],{"className":20,"code":54956,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[25,54958,54959,54979,54983,54993],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,54960,54961,54963,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973,54975,54977],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,54962,7555],{"class":34},[28,54964,39],{"class":38},[28,54966,3388],{"class":93},[28,54968,2756],{"class":97},[28,54970,2759],{"class":93},[28,54972,2762],{"class":97},[28,54974,2759],{"class":93},[28,54976,2221],{"class":97},[28,54978,3401],{"class":93},[28,54980,54981],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,54982,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,54984,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,54986,7586],{"class":34},[28,54988,385],{"class":93},[28,54990,11163],{"class":120},[28,54992,8420],{"class":93},[28,54994,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,54996,115],{"class":114},[28,54998,94],{"class":93},[28,55000,7586],{"class":120},[28,55002,3428],{"class":93},[28,55004,54186],{"class":1006},[1109,55006,8230,55008,55010],{"id":55007},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[25,55009,11101],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55012,55013,2166,55015,55017],{},[25,55014,11101],{},[25,55016,3546],{},", not the list.",[18,55019,55021],{"className":20,"code":55020,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[25,55022,55023,55043,55057,55061,55073],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55024,55025,55027,55029,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55026,7555],{"class":34},[28,55028,39],{"class":38},[28,55030,3388],{"class":93},[28,55032,2756],{"class":97},[28,55034,2759],{"class":93},[28,55036,2762],{"class":97},[28,55038,2759],{"class":93},[28,55040,2221],{"class":97},[28,55042,3401],{"class":93},[28,55044,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55046,1999],{"class":34},[28,55048,39],{"class":38},[28,55050,5742],{"class":34},[28,55052,385],{"class":93},[28,55054,11163],{"class":120},[28,55056,8420],{"class":93},[28,55058,55059],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55060,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55062,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55064,115],{"class":114},[28,55066,94],{"class":93},[28,55068,2033],{"class":120},[28,55070,3428],{"class":93},[28,55072,20664],{"class":1006},[28,55074,55075,55077,55079,55081,55083],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,55076,115],{"class":114},[28,55078,94],{"class":93},[28,55080,7586],{"class":120},[28,55082,3428],{"class":93},[28,55084,54434],{"class":1006},[1109,55086,8194,55088,55090],{"id":55087},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[25,55089,11101],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55092,55093,55094,55096],{},"Some types have a ",[25,55095,11101],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55098,55099],{},"This will fail:",[18,55101,55103],{"className":20,"code":55102,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[25,55104,55105,55117],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55106,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55108,84],{"class":34},[28,55110,39],{"class":38},[28,55112,43],{"class":42},[28,55114,238],{"class":46},[28,55116,50],{"class":42},[28,55118,55119,55121,55123,55125],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55120,157],{"class":34},[28,55122,385],{"class":93},[28,55124,11163],{"class":120},[28,55126,8420],{"class":93},[14,55128,55129,55130,33392],{},"A string does not have a ",[25,55131,11101],{},[14,55133,55134,55135,55137],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[25,55136,3546],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55139,55140],{},"Useful checks:",[18,55142,55144],{"className":20,"code":55143,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[25,55145,55146,55156,55170,55184,55193,55203],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55147,55148,55150,55152,55154],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55149,115],{"class":114},[28,55151,94],{"class":93},[28,55153,8115],{"class":120},[28,55155,101],{"class":93},[28,55157,55158,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55159,115],{"class":114},[28,55161,94],{"class":93},[28,55163,311],{"class":89},[28,55165,94],{"class":93},[28,55167,8115],{"class":120},[28,55169,318],{"class":93},[28,55171,55172,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55173,115],{"class":114},[28,55175,94],{"class":93},[28,55177,12432],{"class":114},[28,55179,94],{"class":93},[28,55181,8115],{"class":120},[28,55183,318],{"class":93},[28,55185,55186,55188,55190],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55187,43337],{"class":34},[28,55189,39],{"class":38},[28,55191,55192],{"class":34}," my_list\n",[28,55194,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,55196,8115],{"class":34},[28,55198,385],{"class":93},[28,55200,11163],{"class":120},[28,55202,8420],{"class":93},[28,55204,55205,55207,55209,55211],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,55206,115],{"class":114},[28,55208,94],{"class":93},[28,55210,30533],{"class":120},[28,55212,101],{"class":93},[14,55214,55215],{},"These can help you see:",[177,55217,55218,55221,55224],{},[180,55219,55220],{},"What the variable currently contains",[180,55222,55223],{},"Whether it is really a list",[180,55225,55226],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55228,55229,55230,385],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[381,55231,55232],{"href":54076},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[172,55234,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,55236,12487,55238,55240],{"id":55237},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[25,55239,54129],{}," delete the list?",[14,55242,55243],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1109,55245,12487,55247,55249],{"id":55246},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[25,55248,54129],{}," return a new list?",[14,55251,55252,55253,55255],{},"No. It returns ",[25,55254,3546],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1109,55257,4953,55259,1323,55261,2262],{"id":55258},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[25,55260,11101],{},[25,55262,54637],{},[14,55264,55265,55267,55268,55270],{},[25,55266,11101],{}," empties the same list object. ",[25,55269,54637],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1109,55272,28118,55274,55276],{"id":55273},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[25,55275,11101],{}," on other types?",[14,55278,55279,55280,55282],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[25,55281,11101],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[172,55284,1662],{"id":1661},[177,55286,55287,55291,55296,55303,55310,55316],{},[180,55288,55289],{},[381,55290,52551],{"href":54350},[180,55292,55293],{},[381,55294,55295],{"href":54847},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[180,55297,55298],{},[381,55299,55300,55301,1689],{"href":54859},"Python list ",[25,55302,12546],{},[180,55304,55305],{},[381,55306,55300,55307,1689],{"href":54852},[25,55308,55309],{},"remove()",[180,55311,55312],{},[381,55313,55300,55314,1689],{"href":54740},[25,55315,12560],{},[180,55317,55318],{},[381,55319,30137,55320,33425],{"href":54076},[25,55321,55322],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1699,55324,55325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":55327},[55328,55329,55331,55332,55333,55334,55341,55342,55350,55360],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":54194,"depth":53,"text":55330},"What list.clear() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":54508,"depth":53,"text":55335,"children":55336},"clear() vs assigning []",[55337,55339],{"id":54546,"depth":70,"text":55338},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54634,"depth":70,"text":55340},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12220,"depth":53,"text":12592},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":55343},[55344,55346,55348],{"id":54867,"depth":70,"text":55345},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55007,"depth":70,"text":55347},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55087,"depth":70,"text":55349},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":55351},[55352,55354,55356,55358],{"id":55237,"depth":70,"text":55353},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55246,"depth":70,"text":55355},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55258,"depth":70,"text":55357},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55273,"depth":70,"text":55359},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54116,"description":55361},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55368,"title":55369,"body":55370,"description":57054,"extension":1730,"meta":57055,"navigation":107,"path":57056,"seo":57057,"stem":57058,"__hash__":57059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55371,"toc":57022},[55372,55377,55383,55391,55393,55482,55489,55494,55498,55512,55514,55591,55593,55654,55657,55659,55661,55682,55685,55699,55702,55747,55749,55757,55760,55766,55772,55775,55852,55854,55899,55902,55907,55990,55992,56033,56038,56042,56048,56050,56058,56061,56154,56156,56214,56217,56233,56238,56247,56252,56254,56259,56264,56267,56269,56326,56329,56382,56388,56393,56397,56414,56416,56500,56502,56543,56551,56553,56558,56564,56566,56629,56634,56704,56708,56743,56746,56748,56787,56791,56867,56873,56879,56884,56906,56909,56928,56936,56938,56944,56947,56954,56962,56967,56970,56974,56980,56988,56991,56993,57019],[10,55373,54122,55375,11102],{"id":55374},"python-list-copy-method",[25,55376,12560],{},[14,55378,55379,55382],{},[25,55380,55381],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55384,55385,55386,13839,55388,55390],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[25,55387,39],{},[163,55389,4402],{}," make a real copy.",[172,55392,1771],{"id":1770},[18,55394,55396],{"className":20,"code":55395,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,55397,55398,55418,55433,55437,55452,55456,55469],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55399,55400,55402,55404,55406,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55401,3383],{"class":34},[28,55403,39],{"class":38},[28,55405,3388],{"class":93},[28,55407,2756],{"class":97},[28,55409,2759],{"class":93},[28,55411,2762],{"class":97},[28,55413,2759],{"class":93},[28,55415,2221],{"class":97},[28,55417,3401],{"class":93},[28,55419,55420,55423,55425,55427,55429,55431],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55421,55422],{"class":34},"new_numbers ",[28,55424,39],{"class":38},[28,55426,4034],{"class":34},[28,55428,385],{"class":93},[28,55430,12695],{"class":120},[28,55432,8420],{"class":93},[28,55434,55435],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55436,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55438,55439,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55440,55441],{"class":34},"new_numbers",[28,55443,385],{"class":93},[28,55445,13338],{"class":120},[28,55447,94],{"class":93},[28,55449,2275],{"class":97},[28,55451,101],{"class":93},[28,55453,55454],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,55455,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55457,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,55459,115],{"class":114},[28,55461,94],{"class":93},[28,55463,3415],{"class":120},[28,55465,3428],{"class":93},[28,55467,55468],{"class":1006},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[28,55470,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,55472,115],{"class":114},[28,55474,94],{"class":93},[28,55476,55441],{"class":120},[28,55478,3428],{"class":93},[28,55480,55481],{"class":1006},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55483,1631,55484,55486,55487,385],{},[25,55485,55381],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[163,55488,12634],{},[172,55490,3445,55492,3448],{"id":55491},"what-listcopy-does",[25,55493,55381],{},[14,55495,55496,271],{},[25,55497,55381],{},[177,55499,55500,55503,55506,55509],{},[180,55501,55502],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[180,55504,55505],{},"Returns that new list",[180,55507,55508],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[180,55510,55511],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55513,924],{},[18,55515,55517],{"className":20,"code":55516,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[25,55518,55519,55551,55566,55570,55580],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55520,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537,55539,55541,55543,55545,55547,55549],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55522,36029],{"class":34},[28,55524,39],{"class":38},[28,55526,3388],{"class":93},[28,55528,234],{"class":42},[28,55530,3849],{"class":46},[28,55532,234],{"class":42},[28,55534,2759],{"class":93},[28,55536,43],{"class":42},[28,55538,3858],{"class":46},[28,55540,234],{"class":42},[28,55542,2759],{"class":93},[28,55544,43],{"class":42},[28,55546,33012],{"class":46},[28,55548,234],{"class":42},[28,55550,3401],{"class":93},[28,55552,55553,55556,55558,55560,55562,55564],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55554,55555],{"class":34},"copied_fruits ",[28,55557,39],{"class":38},[28,55559,52631],{"class":34},[28,55561,385],{"class":93},[28,55563,12695],{"class":120},[28,55565,8420],{"class":93},[28,55567,55568],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55569,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55571,55572,55574,55576,55578],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55573,115],{"class":114},[28,55575,94],{"class":93},[28,55577,36081],{"class":120},[28,55579,101],{"class":93},[28,55581,55582,55584,55586,55589],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,55583,115],{"class":114},[28,55585,94],{"class":93},[28,55587,55588],{"class":120},"copied_fruits",[28,55590,101],{"class":93},[14,55592,336],{},[18,55594,55596],{"className":20,"code":55595,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[25,55597,55598,55626],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55599,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55601,3669],{"class":93},[28,55603,358],{"class":42},[28,55605,3849],{"class":46},[28,55607,358],{"class":42},[28,55609,2759],{"class":93},[28,55611,61],{"class":42},[28,55613,3858],{"class":46},[28,55615,358],{"class":42},[28,55617,2759],{"class":93},[28,55619,61],{"class":42},[28,55621,33012],{"class":46},[28,55623,358],{"class":42},[28,55625,3401],{"class":93},[28,55627,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55629,3669],{"class":93},[28,55631,358],{"class":42},[28,55633,3849],{"class":46},[28,55635,358],{"class":42},[28,55637,2759],{"class":93},[28,55639,61],{"class":42},[28,55641,3858],{"class":46},[28,55643,358],{"class":42},[28,55645,2759],{"class":93},[28,55647,61],{"class":42},[28,55649,33012],{"class":46},[28,55651,358],{"class":42},[28,55653,3401],{"class":93},[14,55655,55656],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[172,55658,1927],{"id":1926},[14,55660,1930],{},[18,55662,55664],{"className":20,"code":55663,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[25,55665,55666],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55667,55668,55671,55673,55676,55678,55680],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55669,55670],{"class":34},"new_list ",[28,55672,39],{"class":38},[28,55674,55675],{"class":34}," old_list",[28,55677,385],{"class":93},[28,55679,12695],{"class":120},[28,55681,8420],{"class":93},[14,55683,55684],{},"How it works:",[177,55686,55687,55693,55696],{},[180,55688,55689,55690,55692],{},"Call ",[25,55691,12560],{}," on an existing list",[180,55694,55695],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[180,55697,55698],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55700,55701],{},"Example with an empty list:",[18,55703,55705],{"className":20,"code":55704,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[25,55706,55707,55716,55732,55736],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55708,55709,55712,55714],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55710,55711],{"class":34},"empty_list ",[28,55713,39],{"class":38},[28,55715,7615],{"class":93},[28,55717,55718,55721,55723,55726,55728,55730],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55719,55720],{"class":34},"new_empty_list ",[28,55722,39],{"class":38},[28,55724,55725],{"class":34}," empty_list",[28,55727,385],{"class":93},[28,55729,12695],{"class":120},[28,55731,8420],{"class":93},[28,55733,55734],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55735,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55737,55738,55740,55742,55745],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55739,115],{"class":114},[28,55741,94],{"class":93},[28,55743,55744],{"class":120},"new_empty_list",[28,55746,101],{"class":93},[14,55748,336],{},[18,55750,55751],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,55752,55753],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55754,55755],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55756,38089],{"class":93},[14,55758,55759],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[172,55761,55763,55764],{"id":55762},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[25,55765,39],{},[14,55767,8194,55768,13839,55770,52447],{},[25,55769,39],{},[163,55771,4402],{},[14,55773,55774],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[18,55776,55778],{"className":20,"code":55777,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[25,55779,55780,55800,55809,55813,55828,55832,55842],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55781,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55783,3383],{"class":34},[28,55785,39],{"class":38},[28,55787,3388],{"class":93},[28,55789,2756],{"class":97},[28,55791,2759],{"class":93},[28,55793,2762],{"class":97},[28,55795,2759],{"class":93},[28,55797,2221],{"class":97},[28,55799,3401],{"class":93},[28,55801,55802,55805,55807],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55803,55804],{"class":34},"same_list ",[28,55806,39],{"class":38},[28,55808,43770],{"class":34},[28,55810,55811],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55812,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55814,55815,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55816,55817],{"class":34},"same_list",[28,55819,385],{"class":93},[28,55821,13338],{"class":120},[28,55823,94],{"class":93},[28,55825,2275],{"class":97},[28,55827,101],{"class":93},[28,55829,55830],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,55831,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55833,55834,55836,55838,55840],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,55835,115],{"class":114},[28,55837,94],{"class":93},[28,55839,3415],{"class":120},[28,55841,101],{"class":93},[28,55843,55844,55846,55848,55850],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,55845,115],{"class":114},[28,55847,94],{"class":93},[28,55849,55817],{"class":120},[28,55851,101],{"class":93},[14,55853,336],{},[18,55855,55857],{"className":20,"code":55856,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,55858,55859,55879],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55860,55861,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55862,3669],{"class":93},[28,55864,2756],{"class":97},[28,55866,2759],{"class":93},[28,55868,2762],{"class":97},[28,55870,2759],{"class":93},[28,55872,2221],{"class":97},[28,55874,2759],{"class":93},[28,55876,2226],{"class":97},[28,55878,3401],{"class":93},[28,55880,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55882,3669],{"class":93},[28,55884,2756],{"class":97},[28,55886,2759],{"class":93},[28,55888,2762],{"class":97},[28,55890,2759],{"class":93},[28,55892,2221],{"class":97},[28,55894,2759],{"class":93},[28,55896,2226],{"class":97},[28,55898,3401],{"class":93},[14,55900,55901],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55903,55904,55905,271],{},"Now compare that with ",[25,55906,12560],{},[18,55908,55910],{"className":20,"code":55909,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[25,55911,55912,55932,55947,55951,55966,55970,55980],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55913,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,55915,3383],{"class":34},[28,55917,39],{"class":38},[28,55919,3388],{"class":93},[28,55921,2756],{"class":97},[28,55923,2759],{"class":93},[28,55925,2762],{"class":97},[28,55927,2759],{"class":93},[28,55929,2221],{"class":97},[28,55931,3401],{"class":93},[28,55933,55934,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,55935,55936],{"class":34},"copied_numbers ",[28,55938,39],{"class":38},[28,55940,4034],{"class":34},[28,55942,385],{"class":93},[28,55944,12695],{"class":120},[28,55946,8420],{"class":93},[28,55948,55949],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,55950,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55952,55953,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,55954,55955],{"class":34},"copied_numbers",[28,55957,385],{"class":93},[28,55959,13338],{"class":120},[28,55961,94],{"class":93},[28,55963,2275],{"class":97},[28,55965,101],{"class":93},[28,55967,55968],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,55969,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,55971,55972,55974,55976,55978],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,55973,115],{"class":114},[28,55975,94],{"class":93},[28,55977,3415],{"class":120},[28,55979,101],{"class":93},[28,55981,55982,55984,55986,55988],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,55983,115],{"class":114},[28,55985,94],{"class":93},[28,55987,55955],{"class":120},[28,55989,101],{"class":93},[14,55991,336],{},[18,55993,55995],{"className":20,"code":55994,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,55996,55997,56013],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,55998,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56000,3669],{"class":93},[28,56002,2756],{"class":97},[28,56004,2759],{"class":93},[28,56006,2762],{"class":97},[28,56008,2759],{"class":93},[28,56010,2221],{"class":97},[28,56012,3401],{"class":93},[28,56014,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56016,3669],{"class":93},[28,56018,2756],{"class":97},[28,56020,2759],{"class":93},[28,56022,2762],{"class":97},[28,56024,2759],{"class":93},[28,56026,2221],{"class":97},[28,56028,2759],{"class":93},[28,56030,2226],{"class":97},[28,56032,3401],{"class":93},[14,56034,56035,56036,385],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[381,56037,52551],{"href":50758},[172,56039,56041],{"id":56040},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56043,56044,12631,56046,385],{},[25,56045,55381],{},[163,56047,12634],{},[14,56049,1875],{},[177,56051,56052,56055],{},[180,56053,56054],{},"The outer list is new",[180,56056,56057],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56059,56060],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[18,56062,56064],{"className":20,"code":56063,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[25,56065,56066,56093,56107,56111,56130,56134,56144],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56067,56068,56070,56072,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56069,11868],{"class":34},[28,56071,39],{"class":38},[28,56073,56074],{"class":93}," [[",[28,56076,2756],{"class":97},[28,56078,2759],{"class":93},[28,56080,2762],{"class":97},[28,56082,17849],{"class":93},[28,56084,3388],{"class":93},[28,56086,1831],{"class":97},[28,56088,2759],{"class":93},[28,56090,2226],{"class":97},[28,56092,53022],{"class":93},[28,56094,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56096,14097],{"class":34},[28,56098,39],{"class":38},[28,56100,11943],{"class":34},[28,56102,385],{"class":93},[28,56104,12695],{"class":120},[28,56106,8420],{"class":93},[28,56108,56109],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56110,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56112,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56128],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56114,14116],{"class":34},[28,56116,3669],{"class":93},[28,56118,1888],{"class":97},[28,56120,13335],{"class":93},[28,56122,13338],{"class":120},[28,56124,94],{"class":93},[28,56126,56127],{"class":97},"99",[28,56129,101],{"class":93},[28,56131,56132],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,56133,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56135,56136,56138,56140,56142],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,56137,115],{"class":114},[28,56139,94],{"class":93},[28,56141,11915],{"class":120},[28,56143,101],{"class":93},[28,56145,56146,56148,56150,56152],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,56147,115],{"class":114},[28,56149,94],{"class":93},[28,56151,14116],{"class":120},[28,56153,101],{"class":93},[14,56155,336],{},[18,56157,56159],{"className":20,"code":56158,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[25,56160,56161,56188],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56162,56163,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56164,56165],{"class":93},"[[",[28,56167,2756],{"class":97},[28,56169,2759],{"class":93},[28,56171,2762],{"class":97},[28,56173,2759],{"class":93},[28,56175,9976],{"class":97},[28,56177,17849],{"class":93},[28,56179,3388],{"class":93},[28,56181,1831],{"class":97},[28,56183,2759],{"class":93},[28,56185,2226],{"class":97},[28,56187,53022],{"class":93},[28,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56191,56165],{"class":93},[28,56193,2756],{"class":97},[28,56195,2759],{"class":93},[28,56197,2762],{"class":97},[28,56199,2759],{"class":93},[28,56201,9976],{"class":97},[28,56203,17849],{"class":93},[28,56205,3388],{"class":93},[28,56207,1831],{"class":97},[28,56209,2759],{"class":93},[28,56211,2226],{"class":97},[28,56213,53022],{"class":93},[14,56215,56216],{},"Why did both change?",[177,56218,56219,56226],{},[180,56220,56221,1323,56223,56225],{},[25,56222,11915],{},[25,56224,14116],{}," are different outer lists",[180,56227,56228,56229,56232],{},"But the inner list ",[25,56230,56231],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56234,53433,56235,56237],{},[25,56236,12560],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[177,56239,56240,56242,56245],{},[180,56241,214],{},[180,56243,56244],{},"Strings",[180,56246,40387],{},[14,56248,56249,56250,385],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[381,56251,13576],{"href":13575},[172,56253,17205],{"id":17204},[14,56255,56256,56258],{},[25,56257,55381],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56260,40698,56261,56263],{},[163,56262,4402],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56265,56266],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56268,16441],{},[18,56270,56272],{"className":20,"code":56271,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[25,56273,56274,56298,56312,56316],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56275,56276,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294,56296],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56277,12860],{"class":34},[28,56279,39],{"class":38},[28,56281,3388],{"class":93},[28,56283,234],{"class":42},[28,56285,12877],{"class":46},[28,56287,234],{"class":42},[28,56289,2759],{"class":93},[28,56291,43],{"class":42},[28,56293,12894],{"class":46},[28,56295,234],{"class":42},[28,56297,3401],{"class":93},[28,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56301,12903],{"class":34},[28,56303,39],{"class":38},[28,56305,12908],{"class":34},[28,56307,385],{"class":93},[28,56309,12695],{"class":120},[28,56311,8420],{"class":93},[28,56313,56314],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56315,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56317,56318,56320,56322,56324],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56319,115],{"class":114},[28,56321,94],{"class":93},[28,56323,12927],{"class":120},[28,56325,101],{"class":93},[14,56327,56328],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[18,56330,56332],{"className":20,"code":56331,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[25,56333,56334,56358,56368,56372],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56335,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56337,12860],{"class":34},[28,56339,39],{"class":38},[28,56341,3388],{"class":93},[28,56343,234],{"class":42},[28,56345,12877],{"class":46},[28,56347,234],{"class":42},[28,56349,2759],{"class":93},[28,56351,43],{"class":42},[28,56353,12894],{"class":46},[28,56355,234],{"class":42},[28,56357,3401],{"class":93},[28,56359,56360,56362,56364,56366],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56361,17289],{"class":34},[28,56363,385],{"class":93},[28,56365,12695],{"class":120},[28,56367,8420],{"class":93},[28,56369,56370],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56371,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56373,56374,56376,56378,56380],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56375,115],{"class":114},[28,56377,94],{"class":93},[28,56379,17289],{"class":120},[28,56381,101],{"class":93},[14,56383,56384,56385,56387],{},"In the second example, ",[25,56386,12560],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[172,56389,4734,56391],{"id":56390},"when-to-use-listcopy",[25,56392,55381],{},[14,56394,1631,56395,10381],{},[25,56396,55381],{},[177,56398,56399,56402,56405,56408],{},[180,56400,56401],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[180,56403,56404],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[180,56406,56407],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[180,56409,56410,56411],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[25,56412,56413],{},"[:]",[14,56415,924],{},[18,56417,56419],{"className":20,"code":56418,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[25,56420,56421,56441,56456,56460,56475,56479,56489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56422,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56424,4836],{"class":34},[28,56426,39],{"class":38},[28,56428,3388],{"class":93},[28,56430,2099],{"class":97},[28,56432,2759],{"class":93},[28,56434,7566],{"class":97},[28,56436,2759],{"class":93},[28,56438,7571],{"class":97},[28,56440,3401],{"class":93},[28,56442,56443,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56444,56445],{"class":34},"backup_scores ",[28,56447,39],{"class":38},[28,56449,4883],{"class":34},[28,56451,385],{"class":93},[28,56453,12695],{"class":120},[28,56455,8420],{"class":93},[28,56457,56458],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56459,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56461,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56473],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56463,16174],{"class":34},[28,56465,385],{"class":93},[28,56467,13338],{"class":120},[28,56469,94],{"class":93},[28,56471,56472],{"class":97},"40",[28,56474,101],{"class":93},[28,56476,56477],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,56478,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56480,56481,56483,56485,56487],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,56482,115],{"class":114},[28,56484,94],{"class":93},[28,56486,16174],{"class":120},[28,56488,101],{"class":93},[28,56490,56491,56493,56495,56498],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,56492,115],{"class":114},[28,56494,94],{"class":93},[28,56496,56497],{"class":120},"backup_scores",[28,56499,101],{"class":93},[14,56501,336],{},[18,56503,56505],{"className":20,"code":56504,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[25,56506,56507,56527],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56508,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56510,3669],{"class":93},[28,56512,2099],{"class":97},[28,56514,2759],{"class":93},[28,56516,7566],{"class":97},[28,56518,2759],{"class":93},[28,56520,7571],{"class":97},[28,56522,2759],{"class":93},[28,56524,50623],{"class":97},[28,56526,3401],{"class":93},[28,56528,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56530,3669],{"class":93},[28,56532,2099],{"class":97},[28,56534,2759],{"class":93},[28,56536,7566],{"class":97},[28,56538,2759],{"class":93},[28,56540,7571],{"class":97},[28,56542,3401],{"class":93},[14,56544,56545,56546,385],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[381,56547,55300,56549,1689],{"href":56548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[25,56550,52432],{},[172,56552,4290],{"id":4289},[14,56554,56555,56556,385],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[25,56557,55381],{},[1109,56559,8194,56561,56563],{"id":56560},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[25,56562,39],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56565,38991],{},[18,56567,56569],{"className":20,"code":56568,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,56570,56571,56591,56599,56613,56617],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56572,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56574,885],{"class":34},[28,56576,39],{"class":38},[28,56578,3388],{"class":93},[28,56580,2756],{"class":97},[28,56582,2759],{"class":93},[28,56584,2762],{"class":97},[28,56586,2759],{"class":93},[28,56588,2221],{"class":97},[28,56590,3401],{"class":93},[28,56592,56593,56595,56597],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56594,899],{"class":34},[28,56596,39],{"class":38},[28,56598,35965],{"class":34},[28,56600,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56602,4533],{"class":34},[28,56604,385],{"class":93},[28,56606,13338],{"class":120},[28,56608,94],{"class":93},[28,56610,2275],{"class":97},[28,56612,101],{"class":93},[28,56614,56615],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56616,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56618,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,56620,115],{"class":114},[28,56622,94],{"class":93},[28,56624,381],{"class":120},[28,56626,3428],{"class":93},[28,56628,55481],{"class":1006},[14,56630,56631,56632,6406],{},"Fix: use ",[25,56633,12560],{},[18,56635,56637],{"className":20,"code":56636,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[25,56638,56639,56659,56674,56688,56692],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56640,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56642,885],{"class":34},[28,56644,39],{"class":38},[28,56646,3388],{"class":93},[28,56648,2756],{"class":97},[28,56650,2759],{"class":93},[28,56652,2762],{"class":97},[28,56654,2759],{"class":93},[28,56656,2221],{"class":97},[28,56658,3401],{"class":93},[28,56660,56661,56663,56665,56668,56670,56672],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56662,899],{"class":34},[28,56664,39],{"class":38},[28,56666,56667],{"class":34}," a",[28,56669,385],{"class":93},[28,56671,12695],{"class":120},[28,56673,8420],{"class":93},[28,56675,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56677,4533],{"class":34},[28,56679,385],{"class":93},[28,56681,13338],{"class":120},[28,56683,94],{"class":93},[28,56685,2275],{"class":97},[28,56687,101],{"class":93},[28,56689,56690],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56691,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,56695,115],{"class":114},[28,56697,94],{"class":93},[28,56699,381],{"class":120},[28,56701,3428],{"class":93},[28,56703,54712],{"class":1006},[1109,56705,56707],{"id":56706},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[18,56709,56711],{"className":20,"code":56710,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[25,56712,56713,56733],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56714,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56716,3383],{"class":34},[28,56718,39],{"class":38},[28,56720,3388],{"class":93},[28,56722,2756],{"class":97},[28,56724,2759],{"class":93},[28,56726,2762],{"class":97},[28,56728,2759],{"class":93},[28,56730,2221],{"class":97},[28,56732,3401],{"class":93},[28,56734,56735,56737,56739,56741],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56736,3415],{"class":34},[28,56738,385],{"class":93},[28,56740,12695],{"class":120},[28,56742,8420],{"class":93},[14,56744,56745],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56747,39054],{},[18,56749,56751],{"className":20,"code":56750,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[25,56752,56753,56773],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56754,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56756,3383],{"class":34},[28,56758,39],{"class":38},[28,56760,3388],{"class":93},[28,56762,2756],{"class":97},[28,56764,2759],{"class":93},[28,56766,2762],{"class":97},[28,56768,2759],{"class":93},[28,56770,2221],{"class":97},[28,56772,3401],{"class":93},[28,56774,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783,56785],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56776,55936],{"class":34},[28,56778,39],{"class":38},[28,56780,4034],{"class":34},[28,56782,385],{"class":93},[28,56784,12695],{"class":120},[28,56786,8420],{"class":93},[1109,56788,56790],{"id":56789},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[18,56792,56794],{"className":20,"code":56793,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[25,56795,56796,56814,56828,56832,56850,56854],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56797,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56799,885],{"class":34},[28,56801,39],{"class":38},[28,56803,56074],{"class":93},[28,56805,2756],{"class":97},[28,56807,17849],{"class":93},[28,56809,3388],{"class":93},[28,56811,1825],{"class":97},[28,56813,53022],{"class":93},[28,56815,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56817,899],{"class":34},[28,56819,39],{"class":38},[28,56821,56667],{"class":34},[28,56823,385],{"class":93},[28,56825,12695],{"class":120},[28,56827,8420],{"class":93},[28,56829,56830],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,56831,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56833,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,56835,4533],{"class":34},[28,56837,3669],{"class":93},[28,56839,1888],{"class":97},[28,56841,13335],{"class":93},[28,56843,13338],{"class":120},[28,56845,94],{"class":93},[28,56847,56127],{"class":97},[28,56849,101],{"class":93},[28,56851,56852],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,56853,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,56855,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,56857,115],{"class":114},[28,56859,94],{"class":93},[28,56861,381],{"class":120},[28,56863,3428],{"class":93},[28,56865,56866],{"class":1006},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56868,56869,56870,56872],{},"Fix: remember that ",[25,56871,55381],{}," is shallow.",[1109,56874,25405,56876,56878],{"id":56875},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[25,56877,12560],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56880,56881,56883],{},[25,56882,12560],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[18,56885,56887],{"className":20,"code":56886,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[25,56888,56889,56901],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56890,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56892,35],{"class":34},[28,56894,39],{"class":38},[28,56896,43],{"class":42},[28,56898,47],{"class":46},[28,56900,50],{"class":42},[28,56902,56903],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,56904,56905],{"class":1006},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56907,56908],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[18,56910,56912],{"className":20,"code":56911,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(name))\n",[25,56913,56914],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,56915,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,56917,115],{"class":114},[28,56919,94],{"class":93},[28,56921,311],{"class":89},[28,56923,94],{"class":93},[28,56925,121],{"class":120},[28,56927,318],{"class":93},[14,56929,56930,56931,56935],{},"You can also review ",[381,56932,56934],{"href":56933},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[172,56937,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,56939,12487,56941,56943],{"id":56940},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[25,56942,55381],{}," change the original list?",[14,56945,56946],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1109,56948,4953,56950,1323,56952,2262],{"id":56949},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[25,56951,55381],{},[25,56953,39],{},[14,56955,56956,56958,56959,56961],{},[25,56957,12560],{}," creates a new list. ",[25,56960,39],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1109,56963,14689,56965,14692],{"id":56964},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[25,56966,55381],{},[14,56968,56969],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1109,56971,56973],{"id":56972},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56975,41943,56976,56979],{},[25,56977,56978],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1109,56981,14689,56983,56985,56986,2262],{"id":56982},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[25,56984,55381],{}," the same as ",[25,56987,56413],{},[14,56989,56990],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[172,56992,1662],{"id":1661},[177,56994,56995,57000,57004,57009,57015],{},[180,56996,56997],{},[381,56998,14751],{"href":56999},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[180,57001,57002],{},[381,57003,52551],{"href":50758},[180,57005,57006],{},[381,57007,57008],{"href":56933},"Creating a list in Python",[180,57010,57011],{},[381,57012,55300,57013,1689],{"href":56548},[25,57014,52432],{},[180,57016,57017],{},[381,57018,13576],{"href":13575},[1699,57020,57021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":57023},[57024,57025,57027,57028,57030,57031,57032,57034,57042,57053],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":55491,"depth":53,"text":57026},"What list.copy() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":55762,"depth":53,"text":57029},"Why not use =",{"id":56040,"depth":53,"text":56041},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":56390,"depth":53,"text":57033},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":57035},[57036,57038,57039,57040],{"id":56560,"depth":70,"text":57037},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56706,"depth":70,"text":56707},{"id":56789,"depth":70,"text":56790},{"id":56875,"depth":70,"text":57041},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":57043},[57044,57046,57048,57050,57051],{"id":56940,"depth":70,"text":57045},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56949,"depth":70,"text":57047},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56964,"depth":70,"text":57049},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56972,"depth":70,"text":56973},{"id":56982,"depth":70,"text":57052},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55369,"description":57054},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57061,"title":57062,"body":57063,"description":58805,"extension":1730,"meta":58806,"navigation":107,"path":58807,"seo":58808,"stem":58809,"__hash__":58810},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57064,"toc":58764},[57065,57071,57077,57080,57091,57094,57096,57159,57165,57170,57174,57188,57191,57196,57201,57203,57205,57224,57236,57238,57305,57307,57315,57320,57322,57330,57333,57350,57352,57476,57487,57491,57496,57499,57501,57519,57523,57609,57618,57626,57695,57697,57700,57712,57717,57721,57792,57795,57799,57803,57868,57870,57878,57882,57965,57967,57975,57979,58040,58042,58050,58054,58141,58143,58151,58156,58161,58164,58175,58177,58262,58267,58276,58278,58282,58286,58291,58353,58357,58365,58371,58380,58385,58434,58437,58458,58462,58524,58531,58536,58539,58626,58629,58640,58643,58663,58665,58671,58674,58678,58682,58688,58691,58697,58704,58712,58723,58725,58761],[10,57066,54122,57068,11102],{"id":57067},"python-list-count-method",[25,57069,57070],{},"count()",[14,57072,57073,57076],{},[25,57074,57075],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57078,57079],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[177,57081,57082,57085,57088],{},[180,57083,57084],{},"count one specific item",[180,57086,57087],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[180,57089,57090],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57092,57093],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[172,57095,3373],{"id":3372},[18,57097,57099],{"className":20,"code":57098,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[25,57100,57101,57129,57147],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57102,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57104,3383],{"class":34},[28,57106,39],{"class":38},[28,57108,3388],{"class":93},[28,57110,2756],{"class":97},[28,57112,2759],{"class":93},[28,57114,2762],{"class":97},[28,57116,2759],{"class":93},[28,57118,2762],{"class":97},[28,57120,2759],{"class":93},[28,57122,2221],{"class":97},[28,57124,2759],{"class":93},[28,57126,2762],{"class":97},[28,57128,3401],{"class":93},[28,57130,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57132,1999],{"class":34},[28,57134,39],{"class":38},[28,57136,4034],{"class":34},[28,57138,385],{"class":93},[28,57140,41052],{"class":120},[28,57142,94],{"class":93},[28,57144,1825],{"class":97},[28,57146,101],{"class":93},[28,57148,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,57150,115],{"class":114},[28,57152,94],{"class":93},[28,57154,2033],{"class":120},[28,57156,3428],{"class":93},[28,57158,50550],{"class":1006},[14,57160,1631,57161,57164],{},[25,57162,57163],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[172,57166,3445,57168,3448],{"id":57167},"what-listcount-does",[25,57169,57075],{},[14,57171,57172,271],{},[25,57173,57075],{},[177,57175,57176,57179,57182,57185],{},[180,57177,57178],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[180,57180,57181],{},"returns an integer",[180,57183,57184],{},"does not change the original list",[180,57186,57187],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57189,57190],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57192,57193,57194,385],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[25,57195,1831],{},[14,57197,57198,57199,385],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[25,57200,1888],{},[172,57202,1927],{"id":1926},[14,57204,1930],{},[18,57206,57208],{"className":20,"code":57207,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.count(value)\n",[25,57209,57210],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57211,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57213,8115],{"class":34},[28,57215,385],{"class":93},[28,57217,41052],{"class":120},[28,57219,94],{"class":93},[28,57221,2242],{"class":120},[28,57223,101],{"class":93},[177,57225,57226,57231],{},[180,57227,57228,57230],{},[25,57229,8115],{}," is the list you want to search",[180,57232,57233,57235],{},[25,57234,2242],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57237,924],{},[18,57239,57241],{"className":20,"code":57240,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[25,57242,57243,57283],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57244,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57246,35880],{"class":34},[28,57248,39],{"class":38},[28,57250,3388],{"class":93},[28,57252,234],{"class":42},[28,57254,381],{"class":46},[28,57256,234],{"class":42},[28,57258,2759],{"class":93},[28,57260,43],{"class":42},[28,57262,4533],{"class":46},[28,57264,234],{"class":42},[28,57266,2759],{"class":93},[28,57268,43],{"class":42},[28,57270,381],{"class":46},[28,57272,234],{"class":42},[28,57274,2759],{"class":93},[28,57276,43],{"class":42},[28,57278,9518],{"class":46},[28,57280,234],{"class":42},[28,57282,3401],{"class":93},[28,57284,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57286,115],{"class":114},[28,57288,94],{"class":93},[28,57290,35933],{"class":120},[28,57292,385],{"class":93},[28,57294,41052],{"class":120},[28,57296,94],{"class":93},[28,57298,234],{"class":42},[28,57300,381],{"class":46},[28,57302,234],{"class":42},[28,57304,318],{"class":93},[14,57306,336],{},[18,57308,57309],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,57310,57311],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57312,57313],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57314,16842],{"class":97},[14,57316,57317,57318,385],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[25,57319,1888],{},[172,57321,37812],{"id":37811},[14,57323,57324,57325,57327,57328,385],{},"The return value from ",[25,57326,57070],{}," is always an ",[25,57329,372],{},[14,57331,57332],{},"Possible results:",[177,57334,57335,57340,57345],{},[180,57336,57337,57339],{},[25,57338,1888],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[180,57341,57342,57344],{},[25,57343,2756],{}," if it appears once",[180,57346,57347,57349],{},[25,57348,1825],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57351,924],{},[18,57353,57355],{"className":20,"code":57354,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[25,57356,57357,57397,57401,57426,57451],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57358,57359,57361,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57360,12860],{"class":34},[28,57362,39],{"class":38},[28,57364,3388],{"class":93},[28,57366,234],{"class":42},[28,57368,12877],{"class":46},[28,57370,234],{"class":42},[28,57372,2759],{"class":93},[28,57374,43],{"class":42},[28,57376,12894],{"class":46},[28,57378,234],{"class":42},[28,57380,2759],{"class":93},[28,57382,43],{"class":42},[28,57384,17242],{"class":46},[28,57386,234],{"class":42},[28,57388,2759],{"class":93},[28,57390,43],{"class":42},[28,57392,12894],{"class":46},[28,57394,234],{"class":42},[28,57396,3401],{"class":93},[28,57398,57399],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57400,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,57402,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,57404,115],{"class":114},[28,57406,94],{"class":93},[28,57408,17289],{"class":120},[28,57410,385],{"class":93},[28,57412,41052],{"class":120},[28,57414,94],{"class":93},[28,57416,234],{"class":42},[28,57418,12894],{"class":46},[28,57420,234],{"class":42},[28,57422,5136],{"class":93},[28,57424,57425],{"class":1006},"   # 2\n",[28,57427,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,57429,115],{"class":114},[28,57431,94],{"class":93},[28,57433,17289],{"class":120},[28,57435,385],{"class":93},[28,57437,41052],{"class":120},[28,57439,94],{"class":93},[28,57441,234],{"class":42},[28,57443,12877],{"class":46},[28,57445,234],{"class":42},[28,57447,5136],{"class":93},[28,57449,57450],{"class":1006},"    # 1\n",[28,57452,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471,57473],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,57454,115],{"class":114},[28,57456,94],{"class":93},[28,57458,17289],{"class":120},[28,57460,385],{"class":93},[28,57462,41052],{"class":120},[28,57464,94],{"class":93},[28,57466,234],{"class":42},[28,57468,22311],{"class":46},[28,57470,234],{"class":42},[28,57472,5136],{"class":93},[28,57474,57475],{"class":1006}," # 0\n",[14,57477,57478,57479,57481,57482,57484,57485,385],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[25,57480,57070],{}," works, but using ",[25,57483,3651],{}," is often simpler. See ",[381,57486,5975],{"href":5974},[172,57488,57490],{"id":57489},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57492,57493,57495],{},[25,57494,57075],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57497,57498],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57500,43438],{},[177,57502,57503,57506,57509,57516],{},[180,57504,57505],{},"matches are based on equality",[180,57507,57508],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[180,57510,57511,1323,57513,57515],{},[25,57512,2756],{},[25,57514,777],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[180,57517,57518],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1109,57520,57522],{"id":57521},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[18,57524,57526],{"className":20,"code":57525,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[25,57527,57528,57561,57585],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57529,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57531,3840],{"class":34},[28,57533,39],{"class":38},[28,57535,3388],{"class":93},[28,57537,234],{"class":42},[28,57539,3849],{"class":46},[28,57541,234],{"class":42},[28,57543,2759],{"class":93},[28,57545,43],{"class":42},[28,57547,57548],{"class":46},"Apple",[28,57550,234],{"class":42},[28,57552,2759],{"class":93},[28,57554,43],{"class":42},[28,57556,3849],{"class":46},[28,57558,234],{"class":42},[28,57560,3401],{"class":93},[28,57562,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57564,115],{"class":114},[28,57566,94],{"class":93},[28,57568,3884],{"class":120},[28,57570,385],{"class":93},[28,57572,41052],{"class":120},[28,57574,94],{"class":93},[28,57576,234],{"class":42},[28,57578,3849],{"class":46},[28,57580,234],{"class":42},[28,57582,5136],{"class":93},[28,57584,51194],{"class":1006},[28,57586,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,57588,115],{"class":114},[28,57590,94],{"class":93},[28,57592,3884],{"class":120},[28,57594,385],{"class":93},[28,57596,41052],{"class":120},[28,57598,94],{"class":93},[28,57600,234],{"class":42},[28,57602,57548],{"class":46},[28,57604,234],{"class":42},[28,57606,5136],{"class":93},[28,57608,27569],{"class":1006},[14,57610,57611,1323,57614,57617],{},[25,57612,57613],{},"\"apple\"",[25,57615,57616],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1109,57619,57621,1323,57623,57625],{"id":57620},"_1-and-true-can-match",[25,57622,2756],{},[25,57624,777],{}," can match",[18,57627,57629],{"className":20,"code":57628,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[25,57630,57631,57655,57675],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57632,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57634,3591],{"class":34},[28,57636,39],{"class":38},[28,57638,3388],{"class":93},[28,57640,2756],{"class":97},[28,57642,2759],{"class":93},[28,57644,3685],{"class":776},[28,57646,2759],{"class":93},[28,57648,2762],{"class":97},[28,57650,2759],{"class":93},[28,57652,5273],{"class":97},[28,57654,3401],{"class":93},[28,57656,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57658,115],{"class":114},[28,57660,94],{"class":93},[28,57662,5133],{"class":120},[28,57664,385],{"class":93},[28,57666,41052],{"class":120},[28,57668,94],{"class":93},[28,57670,2756],{"class":97},[28,57672,5136],{"class":93},[28,57674,50698],{"class":1006},[28,57676,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,57678,115],{"class":114},[28,57680,94],{"class":93},[28,57682,5133],{"class":120},[28,57684,385],{"class":93},[28,57686,41052],{"class":120},[28,57688,94],{"class":93},[28,57690,777],{"class":776},[28,57692,5136],{"class":93},[28,57694,50550],{"class":1006},[14,57696,4181],{},[14,57698,57699],{},"In Python:",[177,57701,57702,57707],{},[180,57703,57704],{},[25,57705,57706],{},"True == 1",[180,57708,57709],{},[25,57710,57711],{},"False == 0",[14,57713,53433,57714,57716],{},[25,57715,57070],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1109,57718,57720],{"id":57719},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[18,57722,57724],{"className":20,"code":57723,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[25,57725,57726,57768],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57729,7555],{"class":34},[28,57731,39],{"class":38},[28,57733,56074],{"class":93},[28,57735,2756],{"class":97},[28,57737,2759],{"class":93},[28,57739,2762],{"class":97},[28,57741,17849],{"class":93},[28,57743,3388],{"class":93},[28,57745,1831],{"class":97},[28,57747,2759],{"class":93},[28,57749,2226],{"class":97},[28,57751,17849],{"class":93},[28,57753,3388],{"class":93},[28,57755,2756],{"class":97},[28,57757,2759],{"class":93},[28,57759,2762],{"class":97},[28,57761,17849],{"class":93},[28,57763,3388],{"class":93},[28,57765,2756],{"class":97},[28,57767,53022],{"class":93},[28,57769,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57771,115],{"class":114},[28,57773,94],{"class":93},[28,57775,7586],{"class":120},[28,57777,385],{"class":93},[28,57779,41052],{"class":120},[28,57781,2753],{"class":93},[28,57783,2756],{"class":97},[28,57785,2759],{"class":93},[28,57787,2762],{"class":97},[28,57789,4507],{"class":93},[28,57791,51194],{"class":1006},[14,57793,57794],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[172,57796,57798],{"id":57797},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1109,57800,57802],{"id":57801},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[18,57804,57806],{"className":20,"code":57805,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,57807,57808,57836,57854,57858],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57809,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57811,3383],{"class":34},[28,57813,39],{"class":38},[28,57815,3388],{"class":93},[28,57817,2099],{"class":97},[28,57819,2759],{"class":93},[28,57821,7566],{"class":97},[28,57823,2759],{"class":93},[28,57825,5781],{"class":97},[28,57827,2759],{"class":93},[28,57829,7571],{"class":97},[28,57831,2759],{"class":93},[28,57833,5781],{"class":97},[28,57835,3401],{"class":93},[28,57837,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57839,1999],{"class":34},[28,57841,39],{"class":38},[28,57843,4034],{"class":34},[28,57845,385],{"class":93},[28,57847,41052],{"class":120},[28,57849,94],{"class":93},[28,57851,2099],{"class":97},[28,57853,101],{"class":93},[28,57855,57856],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,57857,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,57859,57860,57862,57864,57866],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,57861,115],{"class":114},[28,57863,94],{"class":93},[28,57865,2033],{"class":120},[28,57867,101],{"class":93},[14,57869,336],{},[18,57871,57872],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,57873,57874],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57875,57876],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57877,46400],{"class":97},[1109,57879,57881],{"id":57880},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[18,57883,57885],{"className":20,"code":57884,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,57886,57887,57929,57951,57955],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57888,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57925,57927],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57890,3840],{"class":34},[28,57892,39],{"class":38},[28,57894,3388],{"class":93},[28,57896,234],{"class":42},[28,57898,36838],{"class":46},[28,57900,234],{"class":42},[28,57902,2759],{"class":93},[28,57904,43],{"class":42},[28,57906,57907],{"class":46},"dog",[28,57909,234],{"class":42},[28,57911,2759],{"class":93},[28,57913,43],{"class":42},[28,57915,36838],{"class":46},[28,57917,234],{"class":42},[28,57919,2759],{"class":93},[28,57921,43],{"class":42},[28,57923,57924],{"class":46},"bird",[28,57926,234],{"class":42},[28,57928,3401],{"class":93},[28,57930,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,57932,1999],{"class":34},[28,57934,39],{"class":38},[28,57936,5945],{"class":34},[28,57938,385],{"class":93},[28,57940,41052],{"class":120},[28,57942,94],{"class":93},[28,57944,234],{"class":42},[28,57946,36838],{"class":46},[28,57948,234],{"class":42},[28,57950,101],{"class":93},[28,57952,57953],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,57954,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,57956,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,57958,115],{"class":114},[28,57960,94],{"class":93},[28,57962,2033],{"class":120},[28,57964,101],{"class":93},[14,57966,336],{},[18,57968,57969],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,57970,57971],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57972,57973],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57974,16842],{"class":97},[1109,57976,57978],{"id":57977},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[18,57980,57982],{"className":20,"code":57981,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,57983,57984,58008,58026,58030],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,57985,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,57987,3383],{"class":34},[28,57989,39],{"class":38},[28,57991,3388],{"class":93},[28,57993,2756],{"class":97},[28,57995,2759],{"class":93},[28,57997,2762],{"class":97},[28,57999,2759],{"class":93},[28,58001,2221],{"class":97},[28,58003,2759],{"class":93},[28,58005,2226],{"class":97},[28,58007,3401],{"class":93},[28,58009,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58011,1999],{"class":34},[28,58013,39],{"class":38},[28,58015,4034],{"class":34},[28,58017,385],{"class":93},[28,58019,41052],{"class":120},[28,58021,94],{"class":93},[28,58023,1905],{"class":97},[28,58025,101],{"class":93},[28,58027,58028],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,58029,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,58031,58032,58034,58036,58038],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,58033,115],{"class":114},[28,58035,94],{"class":93},[28,58037,2033],{"class":120},[28,58039,101],{"class":93},[14,58041,336],{},[18,58043,58044],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,58045,58046],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58047,58048],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58049,47035],{"class":97},[1109,58051,58053],{"id":58052},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[18,58055,58057],{"className":20,"code":58056,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,58058,58059,58105,58127,58131],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58060,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58062,8944],{"class":34},[28,58064,39],{"class":38},[28,58066,56074],{"class":93},[28,58068,2756],{"class":97},[28,58070,2759],{"class":93},[28,58072,2762],{"class":97},[28,58074,17849],{"class":93},[28,58076,3388],{"class":93},[28,58078,2756],{"class":97},[28,58080,2759],{"class":93},[28,58082,2762],{"class":97},[28,58084,17849],{"class":93},[28,58086,3388],{"class":93},[28,58088,1825],{"class":97},[28,58090,2759],{"class":93},[28,58092,2221],{"class":97},[28,58094,17849],{"class":93},[28,58096,3388],{"class":93},[28,58098,2756],{"class":97},[28,58100,2759],{"class":93},[28,58102,2762],{"class":97},[28,58104,53022],{"class":93},[28,58106,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58108,1999],{"class":34},[28,58110,39],{"class":38},[28,58112,14352],{"class":34},[28,58114,385],{"class":93},[28,58116,41052],{"class":120},[28,58118,2753],{"class":93},[28,58120,2756],{"class":97},[28,58122,2759],{"class":93},[28,58124,2762],{"class":97},[28,58126,3657],{"class":93},[28,58128,58129],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,58130,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,58132,58133,58135,58137,58139],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,58134,115],{"class":114},[28,58136,94],{"class":93},[28,58138,2033],{"class":120},[28,58140,101],{"class":93},[14,58142,336],{},[18,58144,58145],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,58146,58147],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58148,58149],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58150,46400],{"class":97},[172,58152,4734,58154],{"id":58153},"when-to-use-count",[25,58155,57070],{},[14,58157,1631,58158,58160],{},[25,58159,57070],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58162,58163],{},"Good use cases:",[177,58165,58166,58169,58172],{},[180,58167,58168],{},"counting one specific item",[180,58170,58171],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[180,58173,58174],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58176,924],{},[18,58178,58180],{"className":20,"code":58179,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[25,58181,58182,58223,58247,58251],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58183,58184,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58185,58186],{"class":34},"votes ",[28,58188,39],{"class":38},[28,58190,3388],{"class":93},[28,58192,234],{"class":42},[28,58194,8435],{"class":46},[28,58196,234],{"class":42},[28,58198,2759],{"class":93},[28,58200,43],{"class":42},[28,58202,8375],{"class":46},[28,58204,234],{"class":42},[28,58206,2759],{"class":93},[28,58208,43],{"class":42},[28,58210,8435],{"class":46},[28,58212,234],{"class":42},[28,58214,2759],{"class":93},[28,58216,43],{"class":42},[28,58218,8435],{"class":46},[28,58220,234],{"class":42},[28,58222,3401],{"class":93},[28,58224,58225,58228,58230,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58226,58227],{"class":34},"yes_votes ",[28,58229,39],{"class":38},[28,58231,58232],{"class":34}," votes",[28,58234,385],{"class":93},[28,58236,41052],{"class":120},[28,58238,94],{"class":93},[28,58240,234],{"class":42},[28,58242,8435],{"class":46},[28,58244,234],{"class":42},[28,58246,101],{"class":93},[28,58248,58249],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,58250,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,58252,58253,58255,58257,58260],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,58254,115],{"class":114},[28,58256,94],{"class":93},[28,58258,58259],{"class":120},"yes_votes",[28,58261,101],{"class":93},[14,58263,58264,58266],{},[25,58265,57070],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58268,58269,58270,1323,58272,385],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[381,58271,52551],{"href":50758},[381,58273,58275],{"href":58274},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[172,58277,1104],{"id":1103},[14,58279,8224,58280,385],{},[25,58281,57075],{},[1109,58283,58285],{"id":58284},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58287,58288,58290],{},[25,58289,57075],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[18,58292,58294],{"className":20,"code":58293,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[25,58295,58296,58329],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58299,3840],{"class":34},[28,58301,39],{"class":38},[28,58303,3388],{"class":93},[28,58305,234],{"class":42},[28,58307,58308],{"class":46},"apple pie",[28,58310,234],{"class":42},[28,58312,2759],{"class":93},[28,58314,43],{"class":42},[28,58316,3858],{"class":46},[28,58318,234],{"class":42},[28,58320,2759],{"class":93},[28,58322,43],{"class":42},[28,58324,58308],{"class":46},[28,58326,234],{"class":42},[28,58328,3401],{"class":93},[28,58330,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58332,115],{"class":114},[28,58334,94],{"class":93},[28,58336,3884],{"class":120},[28,58338,385],{"class":93},[28,58340,41052],{"class":120},[28,58342,94],{"class":93},[28,58344,234],{"class":42},[28,58346,3849],{"class":46},[28,58348,234],{"class":42},[28,58350,5136],{"class":93},[28,58352,51026],{"class":1006},[14,58354,2258,58355,2262],{},[25,58356,1888],{},[14,58358,28851,58359,58361,58362,385],{},[25,58360,57613],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[25,58363,58364],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58366,58367,58368,385],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[25,58369,58370],{},"str.count()",[1109,58372,8230,58374,8233,58376,474,58378],{"id":58373},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[25,58375,57070],{},[25,58377,777],{},[25,58379,3441],{},[14,58381,58382,58384],{},[25,58383,57070],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[18,58386,58388],{"className":20,"code":58387,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[25,58389,58390,58414],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58391,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58393,3383],{"class":34},[28,58395,39],{"class":38},[28,58397,3388],{"class":93},[28,58399,2756],{"class":97},[28,58401,2759],{"class":93},[28,58403,2762],{"class":97},[28,58405,2759],{"class":93},[28,58407,2762],{"class":97},[28,58409,2759],{"class":93},[28,58411,2221],{"class":97},[28,58413,3401],{"class":93},[28,58415,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58417,115],{"class":114},[28,58419,94],{"class":93},[28,58421,3415],{"class":120},[28,58423,385],{"class":93},[28,58425,41052],{"class":120},[28,58427,94],{"class":93},[28,58429,1825],{"class":97},[28,58431,5136],{"class":93},[28,58433,51194],{"class":1006},[14,58435,58436],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[18,58438,58440],{"className":20,"code":58439,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[25,58441,58442],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58443,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58445,115],{"class":114},[28,58447,94],{"class":93},[28,58449,1825],{"class":97},[28,58451,20961],{"class":3644},[28,58453,4034],{"class":120},[28,58455,3428],{"class":93},[28,58457,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,58459,58461],{"id":58460},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[18,58463,58465],{"className":20,"code":58464,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[25,58466,58467,58500],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58468,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58496,58498],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58470,4768],{"class":34},[28,58472,39],{"class":38},[28,58474,3388],{"class":93},[28,58476,234],{"class":42},[28,58478,7452],{"class":46},[28,58480,234],{"class":42},[28,58482,2759],{"class":93},[28,58484,43],{"class":42},[28,58486,20006],{"class":46},[28,58488,234],{"class":42},[28,58490,2759],{"class":93},[28,58492,43],{"class":42},[28,58494,58495],{"class":46},"SAM",[28,58497,234],{"class":42},[28,58499,3401],{"class":93},[28,58501,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58503,115],{"class":114},[28,58505,94],{"class":93},[28,58507,4811],{"class":120},[28,58509,385],{"class":93},[28,58511,41052],{"class":120},[28,58513,94],{"class":93},[28,58515,234],{"class":42},[28,58517,20006],{"class":46},[28,58519,234],{"class":42},[28,58521,5136],{"class":93},[28,58523,27569],{"class":1006},[14,58525,58526,58527,58530],{},"Only the exact string ",[25,58528,58529],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1109,58532,29440,58534,33340],{"id":58533},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[25,58535,57070],{},[14,58537,58538],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[18,58540,58542],{"className":20,"code":58541,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[25,58543,58544,58554,58568,58586,58600,58612],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58545,58546,58548,58550,58552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58547,115],{"class":114},[28,58549,94],{"class":93},[28,58551,8115],{"class":120},[28,58553,101],{"class":93},[28,58555,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58557,115],{"class":114},[28,58559,94],{"class":93},[28,58561,311],{"class":89},[28,58563,94],{"class":93},[28,58565,8115],{"class":120},[28,58567,318],{"class":93},[28,58569,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,58571,115],{"class":114},[28,58573,94],{"class":93},[28,58575,8115],{"class":120},[28,58577,385],{"class":93},[28,58579,41052],{"class":120},[28,58581,94],{"class":93},[28,58583,2242],{"class":120},[28,58585,318],{"class":93},[28,58587,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,58589,115],{"class":114},[28,58591,94],{"class":93},[28,58593,2216],{"class":120},[28,58595,3651],{"class":3644},[28,58597,8172],{"class":120},[28,58599,101],{"class":93},[28,58601,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,58603,5734],{"class":3644},[28,58605,5737],{"class":34},[28,58607,3651],{"class":3644},[28,58609,8172],{"class":34},[28,58611,6170],{"class":93},[28,58613,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,58615,7844],{"class":114},[28,58617,94],{"class":93},[28,58619,1574],{"class":114},[28,58621,94],{"class":93},[28,58623,23098],{"class":120},[28,58625,318],{"class":93},[14,58627,58628],{},"These checks can help you see:",[177,58630,58631,58634,58637],{},[180,58632,58633],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[180,58635,58636],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[180,58638,58639],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58641,58642],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[177,58644,58645,58650,58653,58660],{},[180,58646,50271,58647,58649],{},[25,58648,57070],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[180,58651,58652],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[180,58654,10886,58655,58657,58658],{},[25,58656,57075],{}," with string ",[25,58659,57070],{},[180,58661,58662],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[172,58664,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,58666,12487,58668,58670],{"id":58667},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[25,58669,57075],{}," change the list?",[14,58672,58673],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1109,58675,58677],{"id":58676},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58679,11693,58680,385],{},[25,58681,1888],{},[1109,58683,4943,58685,58687],{"id":58684},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[25,58686,57075],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58689,58690],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1109,58692,14689,58694,58696],{"id":58693},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[25,58695,57075],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58698,41943,58699,1323,58701,58703],{},[25,58700,57616],{},[25,58702,57613],{}," are different values.",[1109,58705,4931,58707,58709,58710,2262],{"id":58706},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[25,58708,777],{}," sometimes count like ",[25,58711,2756],{},[14,58713,8563,58714,58716,58717,1323,58719,58716,58721,385],{},[25,58715,777],{}," compares equal to ",[25,58718,2756],{},[25,58720,3441],{},[25,58722,1888],{},[172,58724,1662],{"id":1661},[177,58726,58727,58731,58737,58741,58749,58756],{},[180,58728,58729],{},[381,58730,52551],{"href":50758},[180,58732,58733],{},[381,58734,58736],{"href":58735},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[180,58738,58739],{},[381,58740,6711],{"href":5974},[180,58742,58743],{},[381,58744,55300,58746,1689],{"href":58745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[25,58747,58748],{},"index()",[180,58750,58751],{},[381,58752,858,58754],{"href":58753},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[25,58755,42151],{},[180,58757,58758],{},[381,58759,58760],{"href":58274},"What is a list in Python",[1699,58762,58763],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":58765},[58766,58767,58769,58770,58771,58777,58783,58785,58793,58804],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":57167,"depth":53,"text":58768},"What list.count() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":37811,"depth":53,"text":37812},{"id":57489,"depth":53,"text":57490,"children":58772},[58773,58774,58776],{"id":57521,"depth":70,"text":57522},{"id":57620,"depth":70,"text":58775},"1 and True can match",{"id":57719,"depth":70,"text":57720},{"id":57797,"depth":53,"text":57798,"children":58778},[58779,58780,58781,58782],{"id":57801,"depth":70,"text":57802},{"id":57880,"depth":70,"text":57881},{"id":57977,"depth":70,"text":57978},{"id":58052,"depth":70,"text":58053},{"id":58153,"depth":53,"text":58784},"When to use count()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":58786},[58787,58788,58790,58791],{"id":58284,"depth":70,"text":58285},{"id":58373,"depth":70,"text":58789},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58460,"depth":70,"text":58461},{"id":58533,"depth":70,"text":58792},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":58794},[58795,58797,58798,58800,58802],{"id":58667,"depth":70,"text":58796},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58676,"depth":70,"text":58677},{"id":58684,"depth":70,"text":58799},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58693,"depth":70,"text":58801},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58706,"depth":70,"text":58803},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57062,"description":58805},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58812,"title":58813,"body":58814,"description":60775,"extension":1730,"meta":60776,"navigation":107,"path":60777,"seo":60778,"stem":60779,"__hash__":60780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58815,"toc":60738},[58816,58819,58822,58824,58952,58956,59037,59048,59050,59069,59073,59076,59079,59097,59099,59142,59146,59171,59180,59184,59189,59192,59309,59313,59382,59386,59398,59402,59405,59446,59450,59463,59466,59551,59555,59588,59595,59601,59606,59608,59620,59624,59657,59661,59693,59697,59734,59738,59758,59762,59796,59800,59829,59840,59844,59847,59850,59863,59920,59924,59963,59969,59972,59974,59977,59981,59984,60009,60011,60036,60043,60046,60091,60095,60114,60117,60156,60163,60168,60202,60206,60307,60314,60347,60351,60377,60381,60384,60422,60425,60462,60466,60469,60488,60490,60551,60553,60571,60575,60578,60581,60610,60612,60616,60619,60627,60631,60634,60654,60660,60666,60670,60673,60680,60688,60690,60729,60735],[10,58817,58813],{"id":58818},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58820,58821],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[172,58823,3373],{"id":3372},[18,58825,58827],{"className":20,"code":58826,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[25,58828,58829,58849,58881,58889,58907,58911,58921,58931,58942],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58830,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58832,3383],{"class":34},[28,58834,39],{"class":38},[28,58836,3388],{"class":93},[28,58838,2756],{"class":97},[28,58840,2759],{"class":93},[28,58842,2762],{"class":97},[28,58844,2759],{"class":93},[28,58846,2221],{"class":97},[28,58848,3401],{"class":93},[28,58850,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58852,4768],{"class":34},[28,58854,39],{"class":38},[28,58856,3388],{"class":93},[28,58858,234],{"class":42},[28,58860,12664],{"class":46},[28,58862,234],{"class":42},[28,58864,2759],{"class":93},[28,58866,43],{"class":42},[28,58868,35730],{"class":46},[28,58870,234],{"class":42},[28,58872,2759],{"class":93},[28,58874,43],{"class":42},[28,58876,35739],{"class":46},[28,58878,234],{"class":42},[28,58880,3401],{"class":93},[28,58882,58883,58885,58887],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,58884,55711],{"class":34},[28,58886,39],{"class":38},[28,58888,7615],{"class":93},[28,58890,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,58892,35880],{"class":34},[28,58894,39],{"class":38},[28,58896,22347],{"class":89},[28,58898,94],{"class":93},[28,58900,234],{"class":42},[28,58902,41353],{"class":46},[28,58904,234],{"class":42},[28,58906,101],{"class":93},[28,58908,58909],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,58910,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,58912,58913,58915,58917,58919],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,58914,115],{"class":114},[28,58916,94],{"class":93},[28,58918,3415],{"class":120},[28,58920,101],{"class":93},[28,58922,58923,58925,58927,58929],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,58924,115],{"class":114},[28,58926,94],{"class":93},[28,58928,4811],{"class":120},[28,58930,101],{"class":93},[28,58932,58933,58935,58937,58940],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,58934,115],{"class":114},[28,58936,94],{"class":93},[28,58938,58939],{"class":120},"empty_list",[28,58941,101],{"class":93},[28,58943,58944,58946,58948,58950],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,58945,115],{"class":114},[28,58947,94],{"class":93},[28,58949,35933],{"class":120},[28,58951,101],{"class":93},[14,58953,58954],{},[163,58955,336],{},[18,58957,58959],{"className":20,"code":58958,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[25,58960,58961,58977,59005,59009],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,58962,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,58964,3669],{"class":93},[28,58966,2756],{"class":97},[28,58968,2759],{"class":93},[28,58970,2762],{"class":97},[28,58972,2759],{"class":93},[28,58974,2221],{"class":97},[28,58976,3401],{"class":93},[28,58978,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,58980,3669],{"class":93},[28,58982,358],{"class":42},[28,58984,12664],{"class":46},[28,58986,358],{"class":42},[28,58988,2759],{"class":93},[28,58990,61],{"class":42},[28,58992,35730],{"class":46},[28,58994,358],{"class":42},[28,58996,2759],{"class":93},[28,58998,61],{"class":42},[28,59000,35739],{"class":46},[28,59002,358],{"class":42},[28,59004,3401],{"class":93},[28,59006,59007],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59008,38089],{"class":93},[28,59010,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,59012,3669],{"class":93},[28,59014,358],{"class":42},[28,59016,381],{"class":46},[28,59018,358],{"class":42},[28,59020,2759],{"class":93},[28,59022,61],{"class":42},[28,59024,4533],{"class":46},[28,59026,358],{"class":42},[28,59028,2759],{"class":93},[28,59030,61],{"class":42},[28,59032,9518],{"class":46},[28,59034,358],{"class":42},[28,59036,3401],{"class":93},[14,59038,59039,59040,59042,59043,59045,59046,385],{},"Use square brackets ",[25,59041,3555],{}," for most lists. Use ",[25,59044,24569],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[25,59047,35988],{},[172,59049,175],{"id":174},[177,59051,59052,59055,59058,59061,59066],{},[180,59053,59054],{},"What a list is in Python",[180,59056,59057],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[180,59059,59060],{},"How to create an empty list",[180,59062,59063,59064,2071],{},"How to create a list with the ",[25,59065,24569],{},[180,59067,59068],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[172,59070,59072],{"id":59071},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59074,59075],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59077,59078],{},"This means:",[177,59080,59081,59084,59087,59090],{},[180,59082,59083],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[180,59085,59086],{},"The order of items is kept",[180,59088,59089],{},"A list can hold different data types",[180,59091,59092,59093,59096],{},"A list is ",[163,59094,59095],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59098,924],{},[18,59100,59102],{"className":20,"code":59101,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,59103,59104,59128,59132],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59105,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59107,7555],{"class":34},[28,59109,39],{"class":38},[28,59111,3388],{"class":93},[28,59113,234],{"class":42},[28,59115,3849],{"class":46},[28,59117,234],{"class":42},[28,59119,2759],{"class":93},[28,59121,5781],{"class":97},[28,59123,2759],{"class":93},[28,59125,3685],{"class":776},[28,59127,3401],{"class":93},[28,59129,59130],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59131,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,59133,59134,59136,59138,59140],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59135,115],{"class":114},[28,59137,94],{"class":93},[28,59139,7586],{"class":120},[28,59141,101],{"class":93},[14,59143,59144],{},[163,59145,336],{},[18,59147,59149],{"className":20,"code":59148,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[25,59150,59151],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59152,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59154,3669],{"class":93},[28,59156,358],{"class":42},[28,59158,3849],{"class":46},[28,59160,358],{"class":42},[28,59162,2759],{"class":93},[28,59164,5781],{"class":97},[28,59166,2759],{"class":93},[28,59168,3685],{"class":776},[28,59170,3401],{"class":93},[14,59172,59173,59174,474,59177,385],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[381,59175,59176],{"href":50758},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[381,59178,59179],{"href":58274},"What is a List in Python?",[172,59181,59183],{"id":59182},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59185,59039,59186,59188],{},[25,59187,3555],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59190,59191],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[18,59193,59195],{"className":20,"code":59194,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[25,59196,59197,59217,59249,59274,59278,59288,59298],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59198,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209,59211,59213,59215],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59200,3383],{"class":34},[28,59202,39],{"class":38},[28,59204,3388],{"class":93},[28,59206,2756],{"class":97},[28,59208,2759],{"class":93},[28,59210,2762],{"class":97},[28,59212,2759],{"class":93},[28,59214,2221],{"class":97},[28,59216,3401],{"class":93},[28,59218,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59220,4768],{"class":34},[28,59222,39],{"class":38},[28,59224,3388],{"class":93},[28,59226,234],{"class":42},[28,59228,12664],{"class":46},[28,59230,234],{"class":42},[28,59232,2759],{"class":93},[28,59234,43],{"class":42},[28,59236,35730],{"class":46},[28,59238,234],{"class":42},[28,59240,2759],{"class":93},[28,59242,43],{"class":42},[28,59244,35739],{"class":46},[28,59246,234],{"class":42},[28,59248,3401],{"class":93},[28,59250,59251,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59252,59253],{"class":34},"mixed ",[28,59255,39],{"class":38},[28,59257,3388],{"class":93},[28,59259,2099],{"class":97},[28,59261,2759],{"class":93},[28,59263,43],{"class":42},[28,59265,238],{"class":46},[28,59267,234],{"class":42},[28,59269,2759],{"class":93},[28,59271,3676],{"class":776},[28,59273,3401],{"class":93},[28,59275,59276],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,59277,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,59279,59280,59282,59284,59286],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,59281,115],{"class":114},[28,59283,94],{"class":93},[28,59285,3415],{"class":120},[28,59287,101],{"class":93},[28,59289,59290,59292,59294,59296],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,59291,115],{"class":114},[28,59293,94],{"class":93},[28,59295,4811],{"class":120},[28,59297,101],{"class":93},[28,59299,59300,59302,59304,59307],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,59301,115],{"class":114},[28,59303,94],{"class":93},[28,59305,59306],{"class":120},"mixed",[28,59308,101],{"class":93},[14,59310,59311],{},[163,59312,336],{},[18,59314,59316],{"className":20,"code":59315,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[25,59317,59318,59334,59362],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59319,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59321,3669],{"class":93},[28,59323,2756],{"class":97},[28,59325,2759],{"class":93},[28,59327,2762],{"class":97},[28,59329,2759],{"class":93},[28,59331,2221],{"class":97},[28,59333,3401],{"class":93},[28,59335,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59337,3669],{"class":93},[28,59339,358],{"class":42},[28,59341,12664],{"class":46},[28,59343,358],{"class":42},[28,59345,2759],{"class":93},[28,59347,61],{"class":42},[28,59349,35730],{"class":46},[28,59351,358],{"class":42},[28,59353,2759],{"class":93},[28,59355,61],{"class":42},[28,59357,35739],{"class":46},[28,59359,358],{"class":42},[28,59361,3401],{"class":93},[28,59363,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59365,3669],{"class":93},[28,59367,2099],{"class":97},[28,59369,2759],{"class":93},[28,59371,61],{"class":42},[28,59373,238],{"class":46},[28,59375,358],{"class":42},[28,59377,2759],{"class":93},[28,59379,3676],{"class":776},[28,59381,3401],{"class":93},[1109,59383,59385],{"id":59384},"key-points","Key points",[177,59387,59388,59393,59395],{},[180,59389,1631,59390,59392],{},[25,59391,3555],{}," to make a new list",[180,59394,15217],{},[180,59396,59397],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[172,59399,59401],{"id":59400},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59403,59404],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[18,59406,59408],{"className":20,"code":59407,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[25,59409,59410,59418,59422,59432],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59411,59412,59414,59416],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59413,8084],{"class":34},[28,59415,39],{"class":38},[28,59417,7615],{"class":93},[28,59419,59420],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59421,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59425,115],{"class":114},[28,59427,94],{"class":93},[28,59429,8115],{"class":120},[28,59431,101],{"class":93},[28,59433,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,59435,115],{"class":114},[28,59437,94],{"class":93},[28,59439,10941],{"class":114},[28,59441,94],{"class":93},[28,59443,8115],{"class":120},[28,59445,318],{"class":93},[14,59447,59448],{},[163,59449,336],{},[18,59451,59453],{"className":20,"code":59452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[]\n0\n",[25,59454,59455,59459],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59456,59457],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59458,38089],{"class":93},[28,59460,59461],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59462,47035],{"class":97},[14,59464,59465],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[18,59467,59469],{"className":20,"code":59468,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[25,59470,59471,59479,59483,59501,59519,59537,59541],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59472,59473,59475,59477],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59474,4768],{"class":34},[28,59476,39],{"class":38},[28,59478,7615],{"class":93},[28,59480,59481],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59482,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,59484,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59486,4811],{"class":34},[28,59488,385],{"class":93},[28,59490,13338],{"class":120},[28,59492,94],{"class":93},[28,59494,234],{"class":42},[28,59496,12664],{"class":46},[28,59498,234],{"class":42},[28,59500,101],{"class":93},[28,59502,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,59504,4811],{"class":34},[28,59506,385],{"class":93},[28,59508,13338],{"class":120},[28,59510,94],{"class":93},[28,59512,234],{"class":42},[28,59514,35730],{"class":46},[28,59516,234],{"class":42},[28,59518,101],{"class":93},[28,59520,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,59522,4811],{"class":34},[28,59524,385],{"class":93},[28,59526,13338],{"class":120},[28,59528,94],{"class":93},[28,59530,234],{"class":42},[28,59532,35739],{"class":46},[28,59534,234],{"class":42},[28,59536,101],{"class":93},[28,59538,59539],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,59540,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,59542,59543,59545,59547,59549],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,59544,115],{"class":114},[28,59546,94],{"class":93},[28,59548,4811],{"class":120},[28,59550,101],{"class":93},[14,59552,59553],{},[163,59554,336],{},[18,59556,59558],{"className":20,"code":59557,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[25,59559,59560],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59561,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59563,3669],{"class":93},[28,59565,358],{"class":42},[28,59567,12664],{"class":46},[28,59569,358],{"class":42},[28,59571,2759],{"class":93},[28,59573,61],{"class":42},[28,59575,35730],{"class":46},[28,59577,358],{"class":42},[28,59579,2759],{"class":93},[28,59581,61],{"class":42},[28,59583,35739],{"class":46},[28,59585,358],{"class":42},[28,59587,3401],{"class":93},[14,59589,59590,59591,385],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[381,59592,59593,1689],{"href":56548},[25,59594,52432],{},[172,59596,59598,59599],{"id":59597},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[25,59600,24569],{},[14,59602,1631,59603,59605],{},[25,59604,24569],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59607,5232],{},[177,59609,59610,59612,59614,59616],{},[180,59611,5083],{},[180,59613,5077],{},[180,59615,5080],{},[180,59617,59618],{},[25,59619,35988],{},[1109,59621,59623],{"id":59622},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[18,59625,59627],{"className":20,"code":59626,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,59628,59629,59647],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59630,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59632,35880],{"class":34},[28,59634,39],{"class":38},[28,59636,22347],{"class":89},[28,59638,94],{"class":93},[28,59640,234],{"class":42},[28,59642,41353],{"class":46},[28,59644,234],{"class":42},[28,59646,101],{"class":93},[28,59648,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59650,115],{"class":114},[28,59652,94],{"class":93},[28,59654,35933],{"class":120},[28,59656,101],{"class":93},[14,59658,59659],{},[163,59660,336],{},[18,59662,59663],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,59664,59665],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59666,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59668,3669],{"class":93},[28,59670,358],{"class":42},[28,59672,381],{"class":46},[28,59674,358],{"class":42},[28,59676,2759],{"class":93},[28,59678,61],{"class":42},[28,59680,4533],{"class":46},[28,59682,358],{"class":42},[28,59684,2759],{"class":93},[28,59686,61],{"class":42},[28,59688,9518],{"class":46},[28,59690,358],{"class":42},[28,59692,3401],{"class":93},[1109,59694,59696],{"id":59695},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[18,59698,59700],{"className":20,"code":59699,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,59701,59702,59724],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59705,3383],{"class":34},[28,59707,39],{"class":38},[28,59709,22347],{"class":89},[28,59711,5286],{"class":93},[28,59713,2756],{"class":97},[28,59715,2759],{"class":93},[28,59717,2762],{"class":97},[28,59719,2759],{"class":93},[28,59721,2221],{"class":97},[28,59723,318],{"class":93},[28,59725,59726,59728,59730,59732],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59727,115],{"class":114},[28,59729,94],{"class":93},[28,59731,3415],{"class":120},[28,59733,101],{"class":93},[14,59735,59736],{},[163,59737,336],{},[18,59739,59740],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,59741,59742],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59743,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59745,3669],{"class":93},[28,59747,2756],{"class":97},[28,59749,2759],{"class":93},[28,59751,2762],{"class":97},[28,59753,2759],{"class":93},[28,59755,2221],{"class":97},[28,59757,3401],{"class":93},[1109,59759,59761],{"id":59760},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[18,59763,59765],{"className":20,"code":59764,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[25,59766,59767,59786],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59768,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777,59780,59782,59784],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59770,3591],{"class":34},[28,59772,39],{"class":38},[28,59774,22347],{"class":89},[28,59776,94],{"class":93},[28,59778,59779],{"class":114},"range",[28,59781,94],{"class":93},[28,59783,1905],{"class":97},[28,59785,318],{"class":93},[28,59787,59788,59790,59792,59794],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59789,115],{"class":114},[28,59791,94],{"class":93},[28,59793,5133],{"class":120},[28,59795,101],{"class":93},[14,59797,59798],{},[163,59799,336],{},[18,59801,59803],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,59804,59805],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59806,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59808,3669],{"class":93},[28,59810,1888],{"class":97},[28,59812,2759],{"class":93},[28,59814,5273],{"class":97},[28,59816,2759],{"class":93},[28,59818,2762],{"class":97},[28,59820,2759],{"class":93},[28,59822,2221],{"class":97},[28,59824,2759],{"class":93},[28,59826,2226],{"class":97},[28,59828,3401],{"class":93},[14,59830,59831,59833,59834,385],{},[25,59832,24569],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[381,59835,59837,59839],{"href":59836},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[25,59838,24569],{},": Function Explained",[172,59841,59843],{"id":59842},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59845,59846],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59848,59849],{},"Examples include:",[177,59851,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860],{},[180,59853,5083],{},[180,59855,40216],{},[180,59857,51825],{},[180,59859,40386],{},[180,59861,59862],{},"other lists",[18,59864,59866],{"className":20,"code":59865,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[25,59867,59868,59906,59910],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59869,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59871,8944],{"class":34},[28,59873,39],{"class":38},[28,59875,3388],{"class":93},[28,59877,234],{"class":42},[28,59879,12664],{"class":46},[28,59881,234],{"class":42},[28,59883,2759],{"class":93},[28,59885,9084],{"class":97},[28,59887,2759],{"class":93},[28,59889,3685],{"class":776},[28,59891,2759],{"class":93},[28,59893,3388],{"class":93},[28,59895,2756],{"class":97},[28,59897,2759],{"class":93},[28,59899,2762],{"class":97},[28,59901,2759],{"class":93},[28,59903,2221],{"class":97},[28,59905,53022],{"class":93},[28,59907,59908],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59909,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,59911,59912,59914,59916,59918],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,59913,115],{"class":114},[28,59915,94],{"class":93},[28,59917,8983],{"class":120},[28,59919,101],{"class":93},[14,59921,59922],{},[163,59923,336],{},[18,59925,59927],{"className":20,"code":59926,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[25,59928,59929],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59930,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59932,3669],{"class":93},[28,59934,358],{"class":42},[28,59936,12664],{"class":46},[28,59938,358],{"class":42},[28,59940,2759],{"class":93},[28,59942,9084],{"class":97},[28,59944,2759],{"class":93},[28,59946,3685],{"class":776},[28,59948,2759],{"class":93},[28,59950,3388],{"class":93},[28,59952,2756],{"class":97},[28,59954,2759],{"class":93},[28,59956,2762],{"class":97},[28,59958,2759],{"class":93},[28,59960,2221],{"class":97},[28,59962,53022],{"class":93},[14,59964,59965,59966,385],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[163,59967,59968],{},"nested list",[14,59970,59971],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[172,59973,4290],{"id":4289},[14,59975,59976],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1109,59978,59980],{"id":59979},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59982,59983],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[18,59985,59987],{"className":20,"code":59986,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[25,59988,59989,59993],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,59990,59991],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,59992,4307],{"class":1006},[28,59994,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,59996,3383],{"class":34},[28,59998,39],{"class":38},[28,60000,3388],{"class":93},[28,60002,2756],{"class":97},[28,60004,2762],{"class":97},[28,60006,2221],{"class":97},[28,60008,3401],{"class":93},[14,60010,1142],{},[18,60012,60014],{"className":20,"code":60013,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[25,60015,60016],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60017,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60019,3383],{"class":34},[28,60021,39],{"class":38},[28,60023,3388],{"class":93},[28,60025,2756],{"class":97},[28,60027,2759],{"class":93},[28,60029,2762],{"class":97},[28,60031,2759],{"class":93},[28,60033,2221],{"class":97},[28,60035,3401],{"class":93},[1109,60037,8194,60039,10871,60041],{"id":60038},"using-instead-of",[25,60040,7141],{},[25,60042,3555],{},[14,60044,60045],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[18,60047,60049],{"className":20,"code":60048,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[25,60050,60051,60072,60076],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60052,60053,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60054,60055],{"class":34},"my_values ",[28,60057,39],{"class":38},[28,60059,9015],{"class":93},[28,60061,2756],{"class":97},[28,60063,2759],{"class":93},[28,60065,2762],{"class":97},[28,60067,2759],{"class":93},[28,60069,2221],{"class":97},[28,60071,101],{"class":93},[28,60073,60074],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60075,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,60077,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086,60089],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,60079,115],{"class":114},[28,60081,94],{"class":93},[28,60083,311],{"class":89},[28,60085,94],{"class":93},[28,60087,60088],{"class":120},"my_values",[28,60090,318],{"class":93},[14,60092,60093],{},[163,60094,336],{},[18,60096,60098],{"className":20,"code":60097,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[25,60099,60100],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60101,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60103,346],{"class":38},[28,60105,350],{"class":349},[28,60107,61],{"class":42},[28,60109,48734],{"class":46},[28,60111,358],{"class":42},[28,60113,361],{"class":38},[14,60115,60116],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[18,60118,60120],{"className":20,"code":60119,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[25,60121,60122,60142],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60123,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60125,60055],{"class":34},[28,60127,39],{"class":38},[28,60129,3388],{"class":93},[28,60131,2756],{"class":97},[28,60133,2759],{"class":93},[28,60135,2762],{"class":97},[28,60137,2759],{"class":93},[28,60139,2221],{"class":97},[28,60141,3401],{"class":93},[28,60143,60144,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60145,115],{"class":114},[28,60147,94],{"class":93},[28,60149,311],{"class":89},[28,60151,94],{"class":93},[28,60153,60088],{"class":120},[28,60155,318],{"class":93},[1109,60157,8230,60159,60162],{"id":60158},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[25,60160,60161],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60164,60165,60167],{},[25,60166,24569],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[18,60169,60171],{"className":20,"code":60170,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[25,60172,60173,60192],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60174,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60188,60190],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60176,1999],{"class":34},[28,60178,39],{"class":38},[28,60180,22347],{"class":89},[28,60182,94],{"class":93},[28,60184,234],{"class":42},[28,60186,60187],{"class":46},"hello world",[28,60189,234],{"class":42},[28,60191,101],{"class":93},[28,60193,60194,60196,60198,60200],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60195,115],{"class":114},[28,60197,94],{"class":93},[28,60199,2033],{"class":120},[28,60201,101],{"class":93},[14,60203,60204],{},[163,60205,336],{},[18,60207,60209],{"className":20,"code":60208,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[25,60210,60211],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60212,60213,60215,60217,60220,60222,60224,60226,60229,60231,60233,60235,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60287,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60214,3669],{"class":93},[28,60216,358],{"class":42},[28,60218,60219],{"class":46},"h",[28,60221,358],{"class":42},[28,60223,2759],{"class":93},[28,60225,61],{"class":42},[28,60227,60228],{"class":46},"e",[28,60230,358],{"class":42},[28,60232,2759],{"class":93},[28,60234,61],{"class":42},[28,60236,60237],{"class":46},"l",[28,60239,358],{"class":42},[28,60241,2759],{"class":93},[28,60243,61],{"class":42},[28,60245,60237],{"class":46},[28,60247,358],{"class":42},[28,60249,2759],{"class":93},[28,60251,61],{"class":42},[28,60253,60254],{"class":46},"o",[28,60256,358],{"class":42},[28,60258,2759],{"class":93},[28,60260,61],{"class":42},[28,60262,61],{"class":42},[28,60264,2759],{"class":93},[28,60266,61],{"class":42},[28,60268,60269],{"class":46},"w",[28,60271,358],{"class":42},[28,60273,2759],{"class":93},[28,60275,61],{"class":42},[28,60277,60254],{"class":46},[28,60279,358],{"class":42},[28,60281,2759],{"class":93},[28,60283,61],{"class":42},[28,60285,60286],{"class":46},"r",[28,60288,358],{"class":42},[28,60290,2759],{"class":93},[28,60292,61],{"class":42},[28,60294,60237],{"class":46},[28,60296,358],{"class":42},[28,60298,2759],{"class":93},[28,60300,61],{"class":42},[28,60302,18555],{"class":46},[28,60304,358],{"class":42},[28,60306,3401],{"class":93},[14,60308,60309,60310,60313],{},"If you want words, use ",[25,60311,60312],{},"split()"," instead:",[18,60315,60317],{"className":20,"code":60316,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[25,60318,60319,60337],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60320,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60322,3840],{"class":34},[28,60324,39],{"class":38},[28,60326,43],{"class":42},[28,60328,60187],{"class":46},[28,60330,234],{"class":42},[28,60332,385],{"class":93},[28,60334,34260],{"class":120},[28,60336,8420],{"class":93},[28,60338,60339,60341,60343,60345],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60340,115],{"class":114},[28,60342,94],{"class":93},[28,60344,3884],{"class":120},[28,60346,101],{"class":93},[14,60348,60349],{},[163,60350,336],{},[18,60352,60354],{"className":20,"code":60353,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['hello', 'world']\n",[25,60355,60356],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60357,60358,60360,60362,60364,60366,60368,60370,60373,60375],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60359,3669],{"class":93},[28,60361,358],{"class":42},[28,60363,238],{"class":46},[28,60365,358],{"class":42},[28,60367,2759],{"class":93},[28,60369,61],{"class":42},[28,60371,60372],{"class":46},"world",[28,60374,358],{"class":42},[28,60376,3401],{"class":93},[1109,60378,60380],{"id":60379},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60382,60383],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[18,60385,60387],{"className":20,"code":60386,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[25,60388,60389,60393],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60390,60391],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60392,4307],{"class":1006},[28,60394,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60414,60416,60418,60420],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60396,4768],{"class":34},[28,60398,39],{"class":38},[28,60400,3388],{"class":93},[28,60402,234],{"class":42},[28,60404,12664],{"class":46},[28,60406,234],{"class":42},[28,60408,2759],{"class":93},[28,60410,43],{"class":42},[28,60412,60413],{"class":46},"Ben', ",[28,60415,234],{"class":42},[28,60417,35739],{"class":34},[28,60419,234],{"class":42},[28,60421,3401],{"class":46},[14,60423,60424],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[18,60426,60428],{"className":20,"code":60427,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[25,60429,60430],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60431,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60433,4768],{"class":34},[28,60435,39],{"class":38},[28,60437,3388],{"class":93},[28,60439,234],{"class":42},[28,60441,12664],{"class":46},[28,60443,234],{"class":42},[28,60445,2759],{"class":93},[28,60447,43],{"class":42},[28,60449,35730],{"class":46},[28,60451,234],{"class":42},[28,60453,2759],{"class":93},[28,60455,43],{"class":42},[28,60457,35739],{"class":46},[28,60459,234],{"class":42},[28,60461,3401],{"class":93},[1109,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60467,60468],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[177,60470,60471,60474,60477,60482],{},[180,60472,60473],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[180,60475,60476],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[180,60478,60479,60480],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[25,60481,24569],{},[180,60483,8230,60484,60487],{},[25,60485,60486],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1109,60489,1517],{"id":1516},[18,60491,60493],{"className":20,"code":60492,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[25,60494,60495,60505,60519,60533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60496,60497,60499,60501,60503],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60498,115],{"class":114},[28,60500,94],{"class":93},[28,60502,8115],{"class":120},[28,60504,101],{"class":93},[28,60506,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60508,115],{"class":114},[28,60510,94],{"class":93},[28,60512,311],{"class":89},[28,60514,94],{"class":93},[28,60516,8115],{"class":120},[28,60518,318],{"class":93},[28,60520,60521,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,60522,115],{"class":114},[28,60524,94],{"class":93},[28,60526,10941],{"class":114},[28,60528,94],{"class":93},[28,60530,8115],{"class":120},[28,60532,318],{"class":93},[28,60534,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,60536,115],{"class":114},[28,60538,94],{"class":93},[28,60540,7869],{"class":89},[28,60542,94],{"class":93},[28,60544,59779],{"class":114},[28,60546,94],{"class":93},[28,60548,1905],{"class":97},[28,60550,2679],{"class":93},[14,60552,25797],{},[177,60554,60555,60558,60561,60564],{},[180,60556,60557],{},"what the list contains",[180,60559,60560],{},"whether the value is really a list",[180,60562,60563],{},"how many items it has",[180,60565,25808,60566,60568,60569],{},[25,60567,24569],{}," does with ",[25,60570,35988],{},[172,60572,60574],{"id":60573},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60576,60577],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60579,60580],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[177,60582,60583,60598,60603],{},[180,60584,1631,60585,1959,60589,16858,60593,60597],{},[381,60586,60587],{"href":56548},[25,60588,52432],{},[381,60590,60591],{"href":53124},[25,60592,53226],{},[381,60594,60595],{"href":53688},[25,60596,54048],{}," to add items later",[180,60599,1631,60600,60602],{},[381,60601,59176],{"href":50758}," for a broader introduction",[180,60604,1631,60605,60609],{},[381,60606,60607,59839],{"href":59836},[25,60608,24569],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[172,60611,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,60613,60615],{"id":60614},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60617,60618],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[18,60620,60621],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,60622,60623],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60624,60625],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60626,38089],{"class":93},[1109,60628,60630],{"id":60629},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60632,60633],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[18,60635,60636],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,60637,60638],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60639,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60641,3669],{"class":93},[28,60643,2756],{"class":97},[28,60645,2759],{"class":93},[28,60647,2762],{"class":97},[28,60649,2759],{"class":93},[28,60651,2221],{"class":97},[28,60653,3401],{"class":93},[1109,60655,4915,60657,60659],{"id":60656},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[25,60658,24569],{}," do in Python?",[14,60661,60662,60663,60665],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[25,60664,35988],{},", into a list.",[1109,60667,60669],{"id":60668},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60671,60672],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1109,60674,4953,60676,1323,60678,2262],{"id":60675},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[25,60677,3555],{},[25,60679,7141],{},[14,60681,60682,60684,60685,60687],{},[25,60683,3555],{}," creates a list. ",[25,60686,7141],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[172,60689,1662],{"id":1661},[177,60691,60692,60696,60702,60708,60714,60720,60724],{},[180,60693,60694],{},[381,60695,59176],{"href":50758},[180,60697,60698],{},[381,60699,55300,60700,11102],{"href":56548},[25,60701,52432],{},[180,60703,60704],{},[381,60705,55300,60706,11102],{"href":53124},[25,60707,53226],{},[180,60709,60710],{},[381,60711,55300,60712,11102],{"href":53688},[25,60713,54048],{},[180,60715,60716],{},[381,60717,858,60718,3344],{"href":59836},[25,60719,24569],{},[180,60721,60722],{},[381,60723,59179],{"href":58274},[180,60725,60726],{},[381,60727,60728],{"href":11847},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60730,60731,60732,60734],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[25,60733,52432],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1699,60736,60737],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":60739},[60740,60741,60742,60743,60746,60747,60753,60754,60764,60765,60774],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":59071,"depth":53,"text":59072},{"id":59182,"depth":53,"text":59183,"children":60744},[60745],{"id":59384,"depth":70,"text":59385},{"id":59400,"depth":53,"text":59401},{"id":59597,"depth":53,"text":60748,"children":60749},"Create a list with list()",[60750,60751,60752],{"id":59622,"depth":70,"text":59623},{"id":59695,"depth":70,"text":59696},{"id":59760,"depth":70,"text":59761},{"id":59842,"depth":53,"text":59843},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":60755},[60756,60757,60759,60761,60762,60763],{"id":59979,"depth":70,"text":59980},{"id":60038,"depth":70,"text":60758},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60158,"depth":70,"text":60760},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60379,"depth":70,"text":60380},{"id":60464,"depth":70,"text":60465},{"id":1516,"depth":70,"text":1517},{"id":60573,"depth":53,"text":60574},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":60766},[60767,60768,60769,60771,60772],{"id":60614,"depth":70,"text":60615},{"id":60629,"depth":70,"text":60630},{"id":60656,"depth":70,"text":60770},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60668,"depth":70,"text":60669},{"id":60675,"depth":70,"text":60773},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58813,"description":60775},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60782,"title":60783,"body":60784,"description":62525,"extension":1730,"meta":62526,"navigation":107,"path":62527,"seo":62528,"stem":62529,"__hash__":62530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60785,"toc":62480},[60786,60791,60796,60799,60801,60872,60877,60882,60886,60900,60905,60907,60927,60932,60935,60958,60962,60967,61059,61061,61083,61089,61095,61102,61109,61115,61172,61178,61236,61238,61250,61258,61264,61269,61273,61330,61333,61337,61396,61399,61403,61461,61473,61477,61530,61533,61537,61543,61549,61611,61614,61675,61678,61734,61739,61741,61745,61752,61813,61818,61827,61883,61890,61894,61952,61961,62019,62023,62058,62062,62072,62075,62130,62144,62147,62262,62267,62271,62282,62284,62363,62373,62375,62380,62385,62392,62400,62406,62409,62415,62418,62424,62430,62432,62468,62477],[10,60787,54122,60789,11102],{"id":60788},"python-list-extend-method",[25,60790,53226],{},[14,60792,60793,60795],{},[25,60794,53127],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60797,60798],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[172,60800,1771],{"id":1770},[18,60802,60804],{"className":20,"code":60803,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,60805,60806,60822,60839,60843,60858,60868],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60807,60808,60810,60812,60814,60816,60818,60820],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60809,3383],{"class":34},[28,60811,39],{"class":38},[28,60813,3388],{"class":93},[28,60815,2756],{"class":97},[28,60817,2759],{"class":93},[28,60819,2762],{"class":97},[28,60821,3401],{"class":93},[28,60823,60824,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60825,60826],{"class":34},"more_numbers ",[28,60828,39],{"class":38},[28,60830,3388],{"class":93},[28,60832,1831],{"class":97},[28,60834,2759],{"class":93},[28,60836,2226],{"class":97},[28,60838,3401],{"class":93},[28,60840,60841],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,60842,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,60844,60845,60847,60849,60851,60853,60856],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,60846,3415],{"class":34},[28,60848,385],{"class":93},[28,60850,53256],{"class":120},[28,60852,94],{"class":93},[28,60854,60855],{"class":120},"more_numbers",[28,60857,101],{"class":93},[28,60859,60860,60862,60864,60866],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,60861,115],{"class":114},[28,60863,94],{"class":93},[28,60865,3415],{"class":120},[28,60867,101],{"class":93},[28,60869,60870],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,60871,52503],{"class":1006},[14,60873,1631,60874,60876],{},[25,60875,53226],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[172,60878,3445,60880,3448],{"id":60879},"what-listextend-does",[25,60881,53127],{},[14,60883,60884,271],{},[25,60885,53226],{},[177,60887,60888,60891,60893,60896],{},[180,60889,60890],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[180,60892,54208],{},[180,60894,60895],{},"Does not create a new list",[180,60897,11204,60898],{},[25,60899,3546],{},[14,60901,60902,60903,53581],{},"This is an important point: ",[25,60904,53226],{},[172,60906,1927],{"id":1926},[18,60908,60910],{"className":20,"code":60909,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[25,60911,60912],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60913,60914,60917,60919,60921,60923,60925],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60915,60916],{"class":34},"list_name",[28,60918,385],{"class":93},[28,60920,53256],{"class":120},[28,60922,94],{"class":93},[28,60924,3489],{"class":120},[28,60926,101],{"class":93},[14,60928,5227,60929,60931],{},[163,60930,3489],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60933,60934],{},"Common iterables include:",[177,60936,60937,60941,60945,60949,60954],{},[180,60938,60939],{},[25,60940,7869],{},[180,60942,60943],{},[25,60944,48734],{},[180,60946,60947],{},[25,60948,6063],{},[180,60950,60951],{},[25,60952,60953],{},"string",[180,60955,60956],{},[25,60957,59779],{},[172,60959,60961],{"id":60960},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60963,60964,60965,271],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[25,60966,53226],{},[18,60968,60970],{"className":20,"code":60969,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[25,60971,60972,60996,61021,61025,61040,61044,61054],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,60973,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,60975,36029],{"class":34},[28,60977,39],{"class":38},[28,60979,3388],{"class":93},[28,60981,234],{"class":42},[28,60983,3849],{"class":46},[28,60985,234],{"class":42},[28,60987,2759],{"class":93},[28,60989,43],{"class":42},[28,60991,3858],{"class":46},[28,60993,234],{"class":42},[28,60995,3401],{"class":93},[28,60997,60998,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,60999,61000],{"class":34},"more_fruits ",[28,61002,39],{"class":38},[28,61004,3388],{"class":93},[28,61006,234],{"class":42},[28,61008,33012],{"class":46},[28,61010,234],{"class":42},[28,61012,2759],{"class":93},[28,61014,43],{"class":42},[28,61016,22320],{"class":46},[28,61018,234],{"class":42},[28,61020,3401],{"class":93},[28,61022,61023],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61024,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61026,61027,61029,61031,61033,61035,61038],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61028,36081],{"class":34},[28,61030,385],{"class":93},[28,61032,53256],{"class":120},[28,61034,94],{"class":93},[28,61036,61037],{"class":120},"more_fruits",[28,61039,101],{"class":93},[28,61041,61042],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61043,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61045,61046,61048,61050,61052],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,61047,115],{"class":114},[28,61049,94],{"class":93},[28,61051,36081],{"class":120},[28,61053,101],{"class":93},[28,61055,61056],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,61057,61058],{"class":1006},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61060,11465],{},[177,61062,61063,61068,61073],{},[180,61064,61065,61067],{},[25,61066,36081],{}," starts with two items",[180,61069,61070,61072],{},[25,61071,61037],{}," has two more items",[180,61074,61075,61077,61078,61080,61081],{},[25,61076,53226],{}," adds each item from ",[25,61079,61037],{}," to ",[25,61082,36081],{},[14,61084,61085,61086,61088],{},"After the method runs, ",[25,61087,36081],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61090,54347,61091,1323,61093,385],{},[381,61092,52551],{"href":50758},[381,61094,56934],{"href":56933},[172,61096,61098,10365,61100],{"id":61097},"extend-vs-append",[25,61099,53226],{},[25,61101,52432],{},[14,61103,61104,1323,61106,61108],{},[25,61105,53226],{},[25,61107,52432],{}," are often confused.",[1109,61110,61112,61114],{"id":61111},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[25,61113,53226],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[18,61116,61118],{"className":20,"code":61117,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,61119,61120,61136,61154,61158,61168],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61121,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132,61134],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61123,3383],{"class":34},[28,61125,39],{"class":38},[28,61127,3388],{"class":93},[28,61129,2756],{"class":97},[28,61131,2759],{"class":93},[28,61133,2762],{"class":97},[28,61135,3401],{"class":93},[28,61137,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61139,3415],{"class":34},[28,61141,385],{"class":93},[28,61143,53256],{"class":120},[28,61145,2753],{"class":93},[28,61147,1831],{"class":97},[28,61149,2759],{"class":93},[28,61151,2226],{"class":97},[28,61153,3657],{"class":93},[28,61155,61156],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61157,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61159,61160,61162,61164,61166],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61161,115],{"class":114},[28,61163,94],{"class":93},[28,61165,3415],{"class":120},[28,61167,101],{"class":93},[28,61169,61170],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61171,52503],{"class":1006},[1109,61173,61175,61177],{"id":61174},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[25,61176,52432],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[18,61179,61181],{"className":20,"code":61180,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[25,61182,61183,61199,61217,61221,61231],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61184,61185,61187,61189,61191,61193,61195,61197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61186,3383],{"class":34},[28,61188,39],{"class":38},[28,61190,3388],{"class":93},[28,61192,2756],{"class":97},[28,61194,2759],{"class":93},[28,61196,2762],{"class":97},[28,61198,3401],{"class":93},[28,61200,61201,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61202,3415],{"class":34},[28,61204,385],{"class":93},[28,61206,13338],{"class":120},[28,61208,2753],{"class":93},[28,61210,1831],{"class":97},[28,61212,2759],{"class":93},[28,61214,2226],{"class":97},[28,61216,3657],{"class":93},[28,61218,61219],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61220,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61222,61223,61225,61227,61229],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61224,115],{"class":114},[28,61226,94],{"class":93},[28,61228,3415],{"class":120},[28,61230,101],{"class":93},[28,61232,61233],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61234,61235],{"class":1006},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61237,18482],{},[177,61239,61240,61245],{},[180,61241,61242,61244],{},[25,61243,53226],{}," to combine values",[180,61246,61247,61249],{},[25,61248,52432],{}," to add one item",[14,61251,41885,61252,1323,61256,385],{},[381,61253,55300,61254,1689],{"href":56548},[25,61255,52432],{},[381,61257,52829],{"href":52828},[172,61259,8194,61261,61263],{"id":61260},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[25,61262,53226],{}," with different iterables",[14,61265,61266,61268],{},[25,61267,53226],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1109,61270,61272],{"id":61271},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[18,61274,61276],{"className":20,"code":61275,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,61277,61278,61294,61312,61316,61326],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61279,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61281,3591],{"class":34},[28,61283,39],{"class":38},[28,61285,3388],{"class":93},[28,61287,2756],{"class":97},[28,61289,2759],{"class":93},[28,61291,2762],{"class":97},[28,61293,3401],{"class":93},[28,61295,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61297,5133],{"class":34},[28,61299,385],{"class":93},[28,61301,53256],{"class":120},[28,61303,5286],{"class":93},[28,61305,1831],{"class":97},[28,61307,2759],{"class":93},[28,61309,2226],{"class":97},[28,61311,318],{"class":93},[28,61313,61314],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61315,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61317,61318,61320,61322,61324],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61319,115],{"class":114},[28,61321,94],{"class":93},[28,61323,5133],{"class":120},[28,61325,101],{"class":93},[28,61327,61328],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61329,52503],{"class":1006},[14,61331,61332],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1109,61334,61336],{"id":61335},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[18,61338,61340],{"className":20,"code":61339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[25,61341,61342,61358,61377,61381,61391],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61343,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61345,35880],{"class":34},[28,61347,39],{"class":38},[28,61349,3388],{"class":93},[28,61351,234],{"class":42},[28,61353,381],{"class":46},[28,61355,234],{"class":42},[28,61357,3401],{"class":93},[28,61359,61360,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61373,61375],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61361,35933],{"class":34},[28,61363,385],{"class":93},[28,61365,53256],{"class":120},[28,61367,94],{"class":93},[28,61369,234],{"class":42},[28,61371,61372],{"class":46},"bc",[28,61374,234],{"class":42},[28,61376,101],{"class":93},[28,61378,61379],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61380,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61382,61383,61385,61387,61389],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61384,115],{"class":114},[28,61386,94],{"class":93},[28,61388,35933],{"class":120},[28,61390,101],{"class":93},[28,61392,61393],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61394,61395],{"class":1006},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61397,61398],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1109,61400,61402],{"id":61401},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[18,61404,61406],{"className":20,"code":61405,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[25,61407,61408,61420,61442,61446,61456],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61409,61410,61412,61414,61416,61418],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61411,3383],{"class":34},[28,61413,39],{"class":38},[28,61415,3388],{"class":93},[28,61417,1888],{"class":97},[28,61419,3401],{"class":93},[28,61421,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61423,3415],{"class":34},[28,61425,385],{"class":93},[28,61427,53256],{"class":120},[28,61429,94],{"class":93},[28,61431,59779],{"class":114},[28,61433,94],{"class":93},[28,61435,2756],{"class":97},[28,61437,2759],{"class":93},[28,61439,2226],{"class":97},[28,61441,318],{"class":93},[28,61443,61444],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61445,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61447,61448,61450,61452,61454],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61449,115],{"class":114},[28,61451,94],{"class":93},[28,61453,3415],{"class":120},[28,61455,101],{"class":93},[28,61457,61458],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61459,61460],{"class":1006},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61462,61463,61466,61467,1959,61469,16858,61471,385],{},[25,61464,61465],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[25,61468,2756],{},[25,61470,1825],{},[25,61472,1831],{},[1109,61474,61476],{"id":61475},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[18,61478,61480],{"className":20,"code":61479,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,61481,61482,61498,61516,61520],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61483,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61485,7555],{"class":34},[28,61487,39],{"class":38},[28,61489,3388],{"class":93},[28,61491,2756],{"class":97},[28,61493,2759],{"class":93},[28,61495,2762],{"class":97},[28,61497,3401],{"class":93},[28,61499,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61501,7586],{"class":34},[28,61503,385],{"class":93},[28,61505,53256],{"class":120},[28,61507,5305],{"class":93},[28,61509,1831],{"class":97},[28,61511,2759],{"class":93},[28,61513,2226],{"class":97},[28,61515,30286],{"class":93},[28,61517,61518],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61519,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61521,61522,61524,61526,61528],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61523,115],{"class":114},[28,61525,94],{"class":93},[28,61527,7586],{"class":120},[28,61529,101],{"class":93},[14,61531,61532],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[172,61534,61536],{"id":61535},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61538,61539,2166,61541,385],{},[25,61540,53226],{},[25,61542,3546],{},[14,61544,61545,61546,271],{},"That means this is ",[163,61547,61548],{},"wrong",[18,61550,61552],{"className":20,"code":61551,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[25,61553,61554,61570,61592,61596,61606],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61557,3383],{"class":34},[28,61559,39],{"class":38},[28,61561,3388],{"class":93},[28,61563,2756],{"class":97},[28,61565,2759],{"class":93},[28,61567,2762],{"class":97},[28,61569,3401],{"class":93},[28,61571,61572,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61573,1999],{"class":34},[28,61575,39],{"class":38},[28,61577,4034],{"class":34},[28,61579,385],{"class":93},[28,61581,53256],{"class":120},[28,61583,2753],{"class":93},[28,61585,1831],{"class":97},[28,61587,2759],{"class":93},[28,61589,2226],{"class":97},[28,61591,3657],{"class":93},[28,61593,61594],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61595,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61597,61598,61600,61602,61604],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61599,115],{"class":114},[28,61601,94],{"class":93},[28,61603,2033],{"class":120},[28,61605,101],{"class":93},[28,61607,61608],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61609,61610],{"class":1006},"# None\n",[14,61612,61613],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[18,61615,61617],{"className":20,"code":61616,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[25,61618,61619,61635,61657,61661,61671],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61620,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61622,3383],{"class":34},[28,61624,39],{"class":38},[28,61626,3388],{"class":93},[28,61628,2756],{"class":97},[28,61630,2759],{"class":93},[28,61632,2762],{"class":97},[28,61634,3401],{"class":93},[28,61636,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61638,3383],{"class":34},[28,61640,39],{"class":38},[28,61642,4034],{"class":34},[28,61644,385],{"class":93},[28,61646,53256],{"class":120},[28,61648,2753],{"class":93},[28,61650,1831],{"class":97},[28,61652,2759],{"class":93},[28,61654,2226],{"class":97},[28,61656,3657],{"class":93},[28,61658,61659],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61660,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61664,115],{"class":114},[28,61666,94],{"class":93},[28,61668,3415],{"class":120},[28,61670,101],{"class":93},[28,61672,61673],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61674,61610],{"class":1006},[14,61676,61677],{},"The correct way is:",[18,61679,61680],{"className":20,"code":61117,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,61681,61682,61698,61716,61720,61730],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61683,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61685,3383],{"class":34},[28,61687,39],{"class":38},[28,61689,3388],{"class":93},[28,61691,2756],{"class":97},[28,61693,2759],{"class":93},[28,61695,2762],{"class":97},[28,61697,3401],{"class":93},[28,61699,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712,61714],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61701,3415],{"class":34},[28,61703,385],{"class":93},[28,61705,53256],{"class":120},[28,61707,2753],{"class":93},[28,61709,1831],{"class":97},[28,61711,2759],{"class":93},[28,61713,2226],{"class":97},[28,61715,3657],{"class":93},[28,61717,61718],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61719,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61721,61722,61724,61726,61728],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61723,115],{"class":114},[28,61725,94],{"class":93},[28,61727,3415],{"class":120},[28,61729,101],{"class":93},[28,61731,61732],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61733,52503],{"class":1006},[14,61735,55689,61736,61738],{},[25,61737,53226],{}," first, then use the original list.",[172,61740,4290],{"id":4289},[14,61742,14519,61743,385],{},[25,61744,53226],{},[1109,61746,61748,61749,61751],{"id":61747},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[25,61750,53226],{}," to return a new list",[18,61753,61755],{"className":20,"code":61754,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[25,61756,61757,61773,61795,61799,61809],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61758,61759,61761,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61760,3383],{"class":34},[28,61762,39],{"class":38},[28,61764,3388],{"class":93},[28,61766,2756],{"class":97},[28,61768,2759],{"class":93},[28,61770,2762],{"class":97},[28,61772,3401],{"class":93},[28,61774,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61776,55422],{"class":34},[28,61778,39],{"class":38},[28,61780,4034],{"class":34},[28,61782,385],{"class":93},[28,61784,53256],{"class":120},[28,61786,2753],{"class":93},[28,61788,1831],{"class":97},[28,61790,2759],{"class":93},[28,61792,2226],{"class":97},[28,61794,3657],{"class":93},[28,61796,61797],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61798,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61802,115],{"class":114},[28,61804,94],{"class":93},[28,61806,55441],{"class":120},[28,61808,101],{"class":93},[28,61810,61811],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61812,61610],{"class":1006},[14,61814,61815,61816,385],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[25,61817,53226],{},[1109,61819,61821,61822,44418,61824,61826],{"id":61820},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[25,61823,52432],{},[25,61825,53226],{}," is needed",[18,61828,61829],{"className":20,"code":61180,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,61830,61831,61847,61865,61869,61879],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61832,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61834,3383],{"class":34},[28,61836,39],{"class":38},[28,61838,3388],{"class":93},[28,61840,2756],{"class":97},[28,61842,2759],{"class":93},[28,61844,2762],{"class":97},[28,61846,3401],{"class":93},[28,61848,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61850,3415],{"class":34},[28,61852,385],{"class":93},[28,61854,13338],{"class":120},[28,61856,2753],{"class":93},[28,61858,1831],{"class":97},[28,61860,2759],{"class":93},[28,61862,2226],{"class":97},[28,61864,3657],{"class":93},[28,61866,61867],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61868,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61870,61871,61873,61875,61877],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61872,115],{"class":114},[28,61874,94],{"class":93},[28,61876,3415],{"class":120},[28,61878,101],{"class":93},[28,61880,61881],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61882,61235],{"class":1006},[14,61884,61885,61886,53671,61888,6406],{},"If you wanted ",[25,61887,53670],{},[25,61889,53226],{},[1109,61891,61893],{"id":61892},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[18,61895,61897],{"className":20,"code":61896,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[25,61898,61899,61915,61933,61937,61947],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61900,61901,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911,61913],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61902,3840],{"class":34},[28,61904,39],{"class":38},[28,61906,3388],{"class":93},[28,61908,234],{"class":42},[28,61910,238],{"class":46},[28,61912,234],{"class":42},[28,61914,3401],{"class":93},[28,61916,61917,61919,61921,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61918,3884],{"class":34},[28,61920,385],{"class":93},[28,61922,53256],{"class":120},[28,61924,94],{"class":93},[28,61926,234],{"class":42},[28,61928,60372],{"class":46},[28,61930,234],{"class":42},[28,61932,101],{"class":93},[28,61934,61935],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,61936,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,61938,61939,61941,61943,61945],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,61940,115],{"class":114},[28,61942,94],{"class":93},[28,61944,3884],{"class":120},[28,61946,101],{"class":93},[28,61948,61949],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,61950,61951],{"class":1006},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61953,61954,61955,61958,61959,271],{},"If you want ",[25,61956,61957],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[25,61960,52432],{},[18,61962,61964],{"className":20,"code":61963,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[25,61965,61966,61982,62000,62004,62014],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,61969,3840],{"class":34},[28,61971,39],{"class":38},[28,61973,3388],{"class":93},[28,61975,234],{"class":42},[28,61977,238],{"class":46},[28,61979,234],{"class":42},[28,61981,3401],{"class":93},[28,61983,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,61985,3884],{"class":34},[28,61987,385],{"class":93},[28,61989,13338],{"class":120},[28,61991,94],{"class":93},[28,61993,234],{"class":42},[28,61995,60372],{"class":46},[28,61997,234],{"class":42},[28,61999,101],{"class":93},[28,62001,62002],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,62003,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,62007,115],{"class":114},[28,62009,94],{"class":93},[28,62011,3884],{"class":120},[28,62013,101],{"class":93},[28,62015,62016],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,62017,62018],{"class":1006},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1109,62020,62022],{"id":62021},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[18,62024,62026],{"className":20,"code":62025,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[25,62027,62028,62044],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62029,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62031,3383],{"class":34},[28,62033,39],{"class":38},[28,62035,3388],{"class":93},[28,62037,2756],{"class":97},[28,62039,2759],{"class":93},[28,62041,2762],{"class":97},[28,62043,3401],{"class":93},[28,62045,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054,62056],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62047,3415],{"class":34},[28,62049,385],{"class":93},[28,62051,53256],{"class":120},[28,62053,94],{"class":93},[28,62055,1905],{"class":97},[28,62057,101],{"class":93},[14,62059,39446,62060,6326],{},[25,62061,1905],{},[14,62063,62064,62065,62067,62068,62071],{},"You will get a ",[25,62066,2775],{},". See ",[381,62069,62070],{"href":52379},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62073,62074],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[18,62076,62078],{"className":20,"code":62077,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[25,62079,62080,62090,62104,62116],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62081,62082,62084,62086,62088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62083,115],{"class":114},[28,62085,94],{"class":93},[28,62087,8115],{"class":120},[28,62089,101],{"class":93},[28,62091,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62093,115],{"class":114},[28,62095,94],{"class":93},[28,62097,311],{"class":89},[28,62099,94],{"class":93},[28,62101,5133],{"class":120},[28,62103,318],{"class":93},[28,62105,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,62107,115],{"class":114},[28,62109,94],{"class":93},[28,62111,2033],{"class":120},[28,62113,3428],{"class":93},[28,62115,101],{"class":34},[28,62117,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,62119,31943],{"class":114},[28,62121,94],{"class":93},[28,62123,7869],{"class":89},[28,62125,385],{"class":93},[28,62127,53256],{"class":24538},[28,62129,101],{"class":93},[43368,62131,62132],{},[14,62133,62134,62135,62138,62139,62141,62142,385],{},"Note: ",[25,62136,62137],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[25,62140,3428],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[25,62143,32818],{},[14,62145,62146],{},"Correct debugging example:",[18,62148,62150],{"className":20,"code":62149,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[25,62151,62152,62168,62184,62188,62202,62206,62214,62224,62238,62248],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62155,8084],{"class":34},[28,62157,39],{"class":38},[28,62159,3388],{"class":93},[28,62161,2756],{"class":97},[28,62163,2759],{"class":93},[28,62165,2762],{"class":97},[28,62167,3401],{"class":93},[28,62169,62170,62172,62174,62176,62178,62180,62182],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62171,3591],{"class":34},[28,62173,39],{"class":38},[28,62175,3388],{"class":93},[28,62177,1831],{"class":97},[28,62179,2759],{"class":93},[28,62181,2226],{"class":97},[28,62183,3401],{"class":93},[28,62185,62186],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,62187,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62189,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198,62200],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,62191,8115],{"class":34},[28,62193,385],{"class":93},[28,62195,53256],{"class":120},[28,62197,94],{"class":93},[28,62199,5133],{"class":120},[28,62201,101],{"class":93},[28,62203,62204],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,62205,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62207,62208,62210,62212],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,62209,1999],{"class":34},[28,62211,39],{"class":38},[28,62213,48309],{"class":776},[28,62215,62216,62218,62220,62222],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,62217,115],{"class":114},[28,62219,94],{"class":93},[28,62221,8115],{"class":120},[28,62223,101],{"class":93},[28,62225,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,62227,115],{"class":114},[28,62229,94],{"class":93},[28,62231,311],{"class":89},[28,62233,94],{"class":93},[28,62235,5133],{"class":120},[28,62237,318],{"class":93},[28,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,62241,115],{"class":114},[28,62243,94],{"class":93},[28,62245,2033],{"class":120},[28,62247,101],{"class":93},[28,62249,62250,62252,62254,62256,62258,62260],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,62251,31943],{"class":114},[28,62253,94],{"class":93},[28,62255,7869],{"class":89},[28,62257,385],{"class":93},[28,62259,53256],{"class":24538},[28,62261,101],{"class":93},[172,62263,4734,62265],{"id":62264},"when-to-use-extend",[25,62266,53226],{},[14,62268,1631,62269,6094],{},[25,62270,53226],{},[177,62272,62273,62276,62279],{},[180,62274,62275],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[180,62277,62278],{},"Add multiple values at once",[180,62280,62281],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62283,5247],{},[18,62285,62287],{"className":20,"code":62286,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[25,62288,62289,62306,62324,62328,62344,62348,62358],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62290,62291,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302,62304],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62292,62293],{"class":34},"all_scores ",[28,62295,39],{"class":38},[28,62297,3388],{"class":93},[28,62299,13287],{"class":97},[28,62301,2759],{"class":93},[28,62303,13292],{"class":97},[28,62305,3401],{"class":93},[28,62307,62308,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62322],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62309,62310],{"class":34},"new_scores ",[28,62312,39],{"class":38},[28,62314,3388],{"class":93},[28,62316,51284],{"class":97},[28,62318,2759],{"class":93},[28,62320,62321],{"class":97}," 92",[28,62323,3401],{"class":93},[28,62325,62326],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,62327,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62329,62330,62333,62335,62337,62339,62342],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,62331,62332],{"class":34},"all_scores",[28,62334,385],{"class":93},[28,62336,53256],{"class":120},[28,62338,94],{"class":93},[28,62340,62341],{"class":120},"new_scores",[28,62343,101],{"class":93},[28,62345,62346],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,62347,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62349,62350,62352,62354,62356],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,62351,115],{"class":114},[28,62353,94],{"class":93},[28,62355,62332],{"class":120},[28,62357,101],{"class":93},[28,62359,62360],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,62361,62362],{"class":1006},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62364,62365,62366,62368,62369,385],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[25,62367,52432],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[381,62370,55300,62371,1689],{"href":53688},[25,62372,54048],{},[172,62374,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,62376,12487,62378,55249],{"id":62377},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[25,62379,53127],{},[14,62381,62382,62383,385],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[25,62384,3546],{},[1109,62386,4953,62388,1323,62390,2262],{"id":62387},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[25,62389,53226],{},[25,62391,52432],{},[14,62393,62394,62396,62397,62399],{},[25,62395,53226],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[25,62398,52432],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1109,62401,28118,62403,62405],{"id":62402},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[25,62404,53226],{}," with a string?",[14,62407,62408],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1109,62410,28118,62412,62414],{"id":62411},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[25,62413,53226],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62416,62417],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1109,62419,62421,62422,2262],{"id":62420},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[25,62423,53226],{},[14,62425,62426,62427,62429],{},"You get a ",[25,62428,2775],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[172,62431,1662],{"id":1661},[177,62433,62434,62440,62444,62448,62452,62458,62462],{},[180,62435,62436],{},[381,62437,55300,62438,1689],{"href":56548},[25,62439,52432],{},[180,62441,62442],{},[381,62443,54058],{"href":52828},[180,62445,62446],{},[381,62447,57008],{"href":56933},[180,62449,62450],{},[381,62451,52551],{"href":50758},[180,62453,62454],{},[381,62455,55300,62456,1689],{"href":53688},[25,62457,54048],{},[180,62459,62460],{},[381,62461,62070],{"href":52379},[180,62463,62464],{},[381,62465,55300,62466,1689],{"href":54740},[25,62467,12560],{},[14,62469,62470,62471,62473,62474,62476],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[25,62472,52432],{},", when to use ",[25,62475,54048],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1699,62478,62479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":62481},[62482,62483,62485,62486,62487,62494,62501,62502,62510,62512,62524],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":60879,"depth":53,"text":62484},"What list.extend() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":60960,"depth":53,"text":60961},{"id":61097,"depth":53,"text":62488,"children":62489},"extend() vs append()",[62490,62492],{"id":61111,"depth":70,"text":62491},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61174,"depth":70,"text":62493},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61260,"depth":53,"text":62495,"children":62496},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62497,62498,62499,62500],{"id":61271,"depth":70,"text":61272},{"id":61335,"depth":70,"text":61336},{"id":61401,"depth":70,"text":61402},{"id":61475,"depth":70,"text":61476},{"id":61535,"depth":53,"text":61536},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":62503},[62504,62506,62508,62509],{"id":61747,"depth":70,"text":62505},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61820,"depth":70,"text":62507},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61892,"depth":70,"text":61893},{"id":62021,"depth":70,"text":62022},{"id":62264,"depth":53,"text":62511},"When to use extend()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":62513},[62514,62516,62518,62520,62522],{"id":62377,"depth":70,"text":62515},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62387,"depth":70,"text":62517},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62402,"depth":70,"text":62519},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62411,"depth":70,"text":62521},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62420,"depth":70,"text":62523},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60783,"description":62525},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62532,"title":62533,"body":62534,"description":64624,"extension":1730,"meta":64625,"navigation":107,"path":64626,"seo":64627,"stem":64628,"__hash__":64629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62535,"toc":64587},[62536,62539,62544,62550,62561,62567,62569,62638,62640,62689,62697,62701,62706,62709,62720,62725,62727,62729,62750,62763,62766,62779,62781,62786,62811,62813,62821,62824,62893,62895,62919,62925,62929,62933,62969,62971,62991,62998,63002,63035,63037,63071,63076,63080,63113,63115,63143,63151,63155,63192,63194,63215,63218,63222,63291,63293,63317,63323,63330,63334,63337,63339,63353,63356,63380,63382,63407,63410,63429,63431,63457,63466,63470,63477,63554,63556,63597,63603,63609,63700,63702,63758,63761,63766,63770,63775,63779,63838,63840,63865,63869,63932,63934,63959,63963,64026,64028,64071,64074,64078,64082,64104,64108,64190,64192,64227,64235,64237,64241,64245,64247,64274,64279,64281,64308,64314,64317,64340,64342,64391,64394,64397,64416,64420,64423,64474,64477,64483,64487,64492,64495,64497,64503,64512,64516,64522,64526,64529,64533,64536,64540,64546,64548,64584],[10,62537,62533],{"id":62538},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62540,8901,62541,62543],{},[25,62542,24569],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62545,62546,62547,62549],{},"Beginners usually use ",[25,62548,24569],{}," for two main reasons:",[177,62551,62552,62555],{},[180,62553,62554],{},"to make an empty list",[180,62556,62557,62558,62560],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[25,62559,59779],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62562,62563,62564,62566],{},"This page explains how ",[25,62565,24569],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[172,62568,1771],{"id":1770},[18,62570,62572],{"className":20,"code":62571,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[25,62573,62574,62596,62614,62618,62628],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62575,62576,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592,62594],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62577,3383],{"class":34},[28,62579,39],{"class":38},[28,62581,22347],{"class":89},[28,62583,5286],{"class":93},[28,62585,2756],{"class":97},[28,62587,2759],{"class":93},[28,62589,2762],{"class":97},[28,62591,2759],{"class":93},[28,62593,2221],{"class":97},[28,62595,318],{"class":93},[28,62597,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62599,35880],{"class":34},[28,62601,39],{"class":38},[28,62603,22347],{"class":89},[28,62605,94],{"class":93},[28,62607,234],{"class":42},[28,62609,41353],{"class":46},[28,62611,234],{"class":42},[28,62613,101],{"class":93},[28,62615,62616],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,62617,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62619,62620,62622,62624,62626],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,62621,115],{"class":114},[28,62623,94],{"class":93},[28,62625,3415],{"class":120},[28,62627,101],{"class":93},[28,62629,62630,62632,62634,62636],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,62631,115],{"class":114},[28,62633,94],{"class":93},[28,62635,35933],{"class":120},[28,62637,101],{"class":93},[14,62639,336],{},[18,62641,62643],{"className":20,"code":62642,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[25,62644,62645,62661],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62646,62647,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62648,3669],{"class":93},[28,62650,2756],{"class":97},[28,62652,2759],{"class":93},[28,62654,2762],{"class":97},[28,62656,2759],{"class":93},[28,62658,2221],{"class":97},[28,62660,3401],{"class":93},[28,62662,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62664,3669],{"class":93},[28,62666,358],{"class":42},[28,62668,381],{"class":46},[28,62670,358],{"class":42},[28,62672,2759],{"class":93},[28,62674,61],{"class":42},[28,62676,4533],{"class":46},[28,62678,358],{"class":42},[28,62680,2759],{"class":93},[28,62682,61],{"class":42},[28,62684,9518],{"class":46},[28,62686,358],{"class":42},[28,62688,3401],{"class":93},[14,62690,1631,62691,62693,62694,62696],{},[25,62692,24569],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[25,62695,59779],{},", set, or dictionary.",[172,62698,62700],{"id":62699},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62702,62703,62705],{},[25,62704,24569],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62707,62708],{},"It can:",[177,62710,62711,62714,62717],{},[180,62712,62713],{},"create a new list object",[180,62715,62716],{},"make an empty list",[180,62718,62719],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62721,62722,62723,385],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[381,62724,52551],{"href":50758},[172,62726,1927],{"id":1926},[14,62728,26276],{},[18,62730,62732],{"className":20,"code":62731,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[25,62733,62734,62740],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62735,62736,62738],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62737,7869],{"class":89},[28,62739,8420],{"class":93},[28,62741,62742,62744,62746,62748],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62743,7869],{"class":89},[28,62745,94],{"class":93},[28,62747,3489],{"class":120},[28,62749,101],{"class":93},[177,62751,62752,62757],{},[180,62753,62754,62756],{},[25,62755,24569],{}," makes an empty list",[180,62758,62759,62762],{},[25,62760,62761],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62764,62765],{},"Common iterable values include:",[177,62767,62768,62770,62772,62774,62777],{},[180,62769,5083],{},[180,62771,5077],{},[180,62773,5080],{},[180,62775,62776],{},"ranges",[180,62778,7027],{},[172,62780,59401],{"id":59400},[14,62782,1631,62783,62785],{},[25,62784,24569],{}," with no arguments:",[18,62787,62789],{"className":20,"code":62788,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[25,62790,62791,62801],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62792,62793,62795,62797,62799],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62794,7555],{"class":34},[28,62796,39],{"class":38},[28,62798,22347],{"class":89},[28,62800,8420],{"class":93},[28,62802,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62804,115],{"class":114},[28,62806,94],{"class":93},[28,62808,7586],{"class":120},[28,62810,101],{"class":93},[14,62812,336],{},[18,62814,62815],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,62816,62817],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62818,62819],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62820,38089],{"class":93},[14,62822,62823],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[18,62825,62827],{"className":20,"code":62826,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,62828,62829,62839,62843,62861,62879,62883],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62830,62831,62833,62835,62837],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62832,7555],{"class":34},[28,62834,39],{"class":38},[28,62836,22347],{"class":89},[28,62838,8420],{"class":93},[28,62840,62841],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62842,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857,62859],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,62846,7586],{"class":34},[28,62848,385],{"class":93},[28,62850,13338],{"class":120},[28,62852,94],{"class":93},[28,62854,234],{"class":42},[28,62856,3849],{"class":46},[28,62858,234],{"class":42},[28,62860,101],{"class":93},[28,62862,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,62864,7586],{"class":34},[28,62866,385],{"class":93},[28,62868,13338],{"class":120},[28,62870,94],{"class":93},[28,62872,234],{"class":42},[28,62874,3858],{"class":46},[28,62876,234],{"class":42},[28,62878,101],{"class":93},[28,62880,62881],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,62882,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,62884,62885,62887,62889,62891],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,62886,115],{"class":114},[28,62888,94],{"class":93},[28,62890,7586],{"class":120},[28,62892,101],{"class":93},[14,62894,336],{},[18,62896,62897],{"className":20,"code":38215,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,62898,62899],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62900,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62902,3669],{"class":93},[28,62904,358],{"class":42},[28,62906,3849],{"class":46},[28,62908,358],{"class":42},[28,62910,2759],{"class":93},[28,62912,61],{"class":42},[28,62914,3858],{"class":46},[28,62916,358],{"class":42},[28,62918,3401],{"class":93},[14,62920,62921,62922,62924],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[25,62923,3555],{},". Both are valid.",[172,62926,62928],{"id":62927},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1109,62930,62932],{"id":62931},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[18,62934,62935],{"className":20,"code":59699,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,62936,62937,62959],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62938,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62940,3383],{"class":34},[28,62942,39],{"class":38},[28,62944,22347],{"class":89},[28,62946,5286],{"class":93},[28,62948,2756],{"class":97},[28,62950,2759],{"class":93},[28,62952,2762],{"class":97},[28,62954,2759],{"class":93},[28,62956,2221],{"class":97},[28,62958,318],{"class":93},[28,62960,62961,62963,62965,62967],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,62962,115],{"class":114},[28,62964,94],{"class":93},[28,62966,3415],{"class":120},[28,62968,101],{"class":93},[14,62970,336],{},[18,62972,62973],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,62974,62975],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,62976,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,62978,3669],{"class":93},[28,62980,2756],{"class":97},[28,62982,2759],{"class":93},[28,62984,2762],{"class":97},[28,62986,2759],{"class":93},[28,62988,2221],{"class":97},[28,62990,3401],{"class":93},[14,62992,62993,62994,385],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[381,62995,62997],{"href":62996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1109,62999,63001],{"id":63000},"string-to-list","String to list",[18,63003,63005],{"className":20,"code":63004,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,63006,63007,63025],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63008,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63010,35880],{"class":34},[28,63012,39],{"class":38},[28,63014,22347],{"class":89},[28,63016,94],{"class":93},[28,63018,234],{"class":42},[28,63020,36838],{"class":46},[28,63022,234],{"class":42},[28,63024,101],{"class":93},[28,63026,63027,63029,63031,63033],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63028,115],{"class":114},[28,63030,94],{"class":93},[28,63032,35933],{"class":120},[28,63034,101],{"class":93},[14,63036,336],{},[18,63038,63040],{"className":20,"code":63039,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[25,63041,63042],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63043,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63067,63069],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63045,3669],{"class":93},[28,63047,358],{"class":42},[28,63049,9518],{"class":46},[28,63051,358],{"class":42},[28,63053,2759],{"class":93},[28,63055,61],{"class":42},[28,63057,381],{"class":46},[28,63059,358],{"class":42},[28,63061,2759],{"class":93},[28,63063,61],{"class":42},[28,63065,63066],{"class":46},"t",[28,63068,358],{"class":42},[28,63070,3401],{"class":93},[14,63072,63073,63075],{},[25,63074,24569],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1109,63077,63079],{"id":63078},"range-to-list","Range to list",[18,63081,63083],{"className":20,"code":63082,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,63084,63085,63103],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63086,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63088,3383],{"class":34},[28,63090,39],{"class":38},[28,63092,22347],{"class":89},[28,63094,94],{"class":93},[28,63096,59779],{"class":114},[28,63098,94],{"class":93},[28,63100,1905],{"class":97},[28,63102,318],{"class":93},[28,63104,63105,63107,63109,63111],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63106,115],{"class":114},[28,63108,94],{"class":93},[28,63110,3415],{"class":120},[28,63112,101],{"class":93},[14,63114,336],{},[18,63116,63117],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,63118,63119],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63122,3669],{"class":93},[28,63124,1888],{"class":97},[28,63126,2759],{"class":93},[28,63128,5273],{"class":97},[28,63130,2759],{"class":93},[28,63132,2762],{"class":97},[28,63134,2759],{"class":93},[28,63136,2221],{"class":97},[28,63138,2759],{"class":93},[28,63140,2226],{"class":97},[28,63142,3401],{"class":93},[14,63144,63145,63146,63150],{},"This is common when working with ",[381,63147,63148],{"href":35985},[25,63149,35988],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1109,63152,63154],{"id":63153},"set-to-list","Set to list",[18,63156,63158],{"className":20,"code":63157,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[25,63159,63160,63182],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63161,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63163,3591],{"class":34},[28,63165,39],{"class":38},[28,63167,22347],{"class":89},[28,63169,5305],{"class":93},[28,63171,2099],{"class":97},[28,63173,2759],{"class":93},[28,63175,7566],{"class":97},[28,63177,2759],{"class":93},[28,63179,7571],{"class":97},[28,63181,30286],{"class":93},[28,63183,63184,63186,63188,63190],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63185,115],{"class":114},[28,63187,94],{"class":93},[28,63189,5133],{"class":120},[28,63191,101],{"class":93},[14,63193,16744],{},[18,63195,63197],{"className":20,"code":63196,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[25,63198,63199],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63200,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63202,3669],{"class":93},[28,63204,2099],{"class":97},[28,63206,2759],{"class":93},[28,63208,7566],{"class":97},[28,63210,2759],{"class":93},[28,63212,7571],{"class":97},[28,63214,3401],{"class":93},[14,63216,63217],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1109,63219,63221],{"id":63220},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[18,63223,63225],{"className":20,"code":63224,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,63226,63227,63263,63277,63281],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63228,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259,63261],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63230,12989],{"class":34},[28,63232,39],{"class":38},[28,63234,10270],{"class":93},[28,63236,234],{"class":42},[28,63238,121],{"class":46},[28,63240,234],{"class":42},[28,63242,271],{"class":93},[28,63244,43],{"class":42},[28,63246,12664],{"class":46},[28,63248,234],{"class":42},[28,63250,2759],{"class":93},[28,63252,43],{"class":42},[28,63254,835],{"class":46},[28,63256,234],{"class":42},[28,63258,271],{"class":93},[28,63260,9084],{"class":97},[28,63262,9087],{"class":93},[28,63264,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63266,1999],{"class":34},[28,63268,39],{"class":38},[28,63270,22347],{"class":89},[28,63272,94],{"class":93},[28,63274,17093],{"class":120},[28,63276,101],{"class":93},[28,63278,63279],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,63280,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,63282,63283,63285,63287,63289],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,63284,115],{"class":114},[28,63286,94],{"class":93},[28,63288,2033],{"class":120},[28,63290,101],{"class":93},[14,63292,336],{},[18,63294,63295],{"className":20,"code":25269,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,63296,63297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63298,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63300,3669],{"class":93},[28,63302,358],{"class":42},[28,63304,121],{"class":46},[28,63306,358],{"class":42},[28,63308,2759],{"class":93},[28,63310,61],{"class":42},[28,63312,835],{"class":46},[28,63314,358],{"class":42},[28,63316,3401],{"class":93},[14,63318,63319,63320,63322],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[25,63321,24569],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63324,63325,63326,385],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[381,63327,63329],{"href":63328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[172,63331,63333],{"id":63332},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63335,63336],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63338,60934],{},[177,63340,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351],{},[180,63342,5074],{},[180,63344,5077],{},[180,63346,5083],{},[180,63348,5080],{},[180,63350,62776],{},[180,63352,7027],{},[14,63354,63355],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[18,63357,63359],{"className":20,"code":63358,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[25,63360,63361],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63362,63363,63365,63367,63369,63371,63373,63376,63378],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63364,115],{"class":114},[28,63366,94],{"class":93},[28,63368,7869],{"class":89},[28,63370,94],{"class":93},[28,63372,234],{"class":42},[28,63374,63375],{"class":46},"hi",[28,63377,234],{"class":42},[28,63379,318],{"class":93},[14,63381,336],{},[18,63383,63385],{"className":20,"code":63384,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['h', 'i']\n",[25,63386,63387],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63388,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63390,3669],{"class":93},[28,63392,358],{"class":42},[28,63394,60219],{"class":46},[28,63396,358],{"class":42},[28,63398,2759],{"class":93},[28,63400,61],{"class":42},[28,63402,35944],{"class":46},[28,63404,358],{"class":42},[28,63406,3401],{"class":93},[14,63408,63409],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[18,63411,63413],{"className":20,"code":63412,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(5))\n",[25,63414,63415],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63416,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63418,115],{"class":114},[28,63420,94],{"class":93},[28,63422,7869],{"class":89},[28,63424,94],{"class":93},[28,63426,1905],{"class":97},[28,63428,318],{"class":93},[14,63430,336],{},[18,63432,63434],{"className":20,"code":63433,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[25,63435,63436],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63437,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63439,2775],{"class":89},[28,63441,271],{"class":93},[28,63443,61],{"class":42},[28,63445,372],{"class":46},[28,63447,358],{"class":42},[28,63449,24405],{"class":89},[28,63451,7872],{"class":38},[28,63453,7875],{"class":38},[28,63455,63456],{"class":34}," iterable\n",[14,63458,63459,63460,63462,63463,385],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[381,63461,4909],{"href":5362},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[381,63464,63465],{"href":52379},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[172,63467,63469],{"id":63468},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63471,63472,63473,63476],{},"If you already have a list, ",[25,63474,63475],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[18,63478,63480],{"className":20,"code":63479,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[25,63481,63482,63502,63516,63520,63530,63540],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63483,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63485,11868],{"class":34},[28,63487,39],{"class":38},[28,63489,3388],{"class":93},[28,63491,2756],{"class":97},[28,63493,2759],{"class":93},[28,63495,2762],{"class":97},[28,63497,2759],{"class":93},[28,63499,2221],{"class":97},[28,63501,3401],{"class":93},[28,63503,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63505,14097],{"class":34},[28,63507,39],{"class":38},[28,63509,22347],{"class":89},[28,63511,94],{"class":93},[28,63513,11915],{"class":120},[28,63515,101],{"class":93},[28,63517,63518],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,63519,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,63523,115],{"class":114},[28,63525,94],{"class":93},[28,63527,11915],{"class":120},[28,63529,101],{"class":93},[28,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,63533,115],{"class":114},[28,63535,94],{"class":93},[28,63537,14116],{"class":120},[28,63539,101],{"class":93},[28,63541,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,63543,115],{"class":114},[28,63545,94],{"class":93},[28,63547,11868],{"class":120},[28,63549,11976],{"class":3644},[28,63551,14170],{"class":120},[28,63553,101],{"class":93},[14,63555,336],{},[18,63557,63559],{"className":20,"code":63558,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[25,63560,63561,63577,63593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63562,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63564,3669],{"class":93},[28,63566,2756],{"class":97},[28,63568,2759],{"class":93},[28,63570,2762],{"class":97},[28,63572,2759],{"class":93},[28,63574,2221],{"class":97},[28,63576,3401],{"class":93},[28,63578,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63580,3669],{"class":93},[28,63582,2756],{"class":97},[28,63584,2759],{"class":93},[28,63586,2762],{"class":97},[28,63588,2759],{"class":93},[28,63590,2221],{"class":97},[28,63592,3401],{"class":93},[28,63594,63595],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,63596,3810],{"class":776},[14,63598,63599,63600,63602],{},"This means ",[25,63601,14116],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63604,63605,63606,63608],{},"However, this is only a ",[163,63607,12634],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[18,63610,63612],{"className":20,"code":63611,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[25,63613,63614,63640,63654,63658,63676,63680,63690],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63615,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63617,11868],{"class":34},[28,63619,39],{"class":38},[28,63621,56074],{"class":93},[28,63623,2756],{"class":97},[28,63625,2759],{"class":93},[28,63627,2762],{"class":97},[28,63629,17849],{"class":93},[28,63631,3388],{"class":93},[28,63633,1831],{"class":97},[28,63635,2759],{"class":93},[28,63637,2226],{"class":97},[28,63639,53022],{"class":93},[28,63641,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63643,14097],{"class":34},[28,63645,39],{"class":38},[28,63647,22347],{"class":89},[28,63649,94],{"class":93},[28,63651,11915],{"class":120},[28,63653,101],{"class":93},[28,63655,63656],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,63657,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,63659,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,63661,14116],{"class":34},[28,63663,3669],{"class":93},[28,63665,1888],{"class":97},[28,63667,13335],{"class":93},[28,63669,13338],{"class":120},[28,63671,94],{"class":93},[28,63673,56127],{"class":97},[28,63675,101],{"class":93},[28,63677,63678],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,63679,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,63681,63682,63684,63686,63688],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,63683,115],{"class":114},[28,63685,94],{"class":93},[28,63687,11915],{"class":120},[28,63689,101],{"class":93},[28,63691,63692,63694,63696,63698],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,63693,115],{"class":114},[28,63695,94],{"class":93},[28,63697,14116],{"class":120},[28,63699,101],{"class":93},[14,63701,336],{},[18,63703,63704],{"className":20,"code":56158,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,63705,63706,63732],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63707,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63709,56165],{"class":93},[28,63711,2756],{"class":97},[28,63713,2759],{"class":93},[28,63715,2762],{"class":97},[28,63717,2759],{"class":93},[28,63719,9976],{"class":97},[28,63721,17849],{"class":93},[28,63723,3388],{"class":93},[28,63725,1831],{"class":97},[28,63727,2759],{"class":93},[28,63729,2226],{"class":97},[28,63731,53022],{"class":93},[28,63733,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63735,56165],{"class":93},[28,63737,2756],{"class":97},[28,63739,2759],{"class":93},[28,63741,2762],{"class":97},[28,63743,2759],{"class":93},[28,63745,9976],{"class":97},[28,63747,17849],{"class":93},[28,63749,3388],{"class":93},[28,63751,1831],{"class":97},[28,63753,2759],{"class":93},[28,63755,2226],{"class":97},[28,63757,53022],{"class":93},[14,63759,63760],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63762,63763,63764,385],{},"For more on this, see ",[381,63765,13576],{"href":13575},[172,63767,63769],{"id":63768},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63771,63772,63773,385],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[25,63774,24569],{},[1109,63776,63778],{"id":63777},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[18,63780,63782],{"className":20,"code":63781,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[25,63783,63784,63824],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63785,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63787,12647],{"class":34},[28,63789,39],{"class":38},[28,63791,10270],{"class":93},[28,63793,234],{"class":42},[28,63795,121],{"class":46},[28,63797,234],{"class":42},[28,63799,271],{"class":93},[28,63801,43],{"class":42},[28,63803,7696],{"class":46},[28,63805,234],{"class":42},[28,63807,2759],{"class":93},[28,63809,43],{"class":42},[28,63811,19679],{"class":46},[28,63813,234],{"class":42},[28,63815,271],{"class":93},[28,63817,43],{"class":42},[28,63819,22032],{"class":46},[28,63821,234],{"class":42},[28,63823,9087],{"class":93},[28,63825,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63827,115],{"class":114},[28,63829,94],{"class":93},[28,63831,7869],{"class":89},[28,63833,94],{"class":93},[28,63835,13411],{"class":120},[28,63837,318],{"class":93},[14,63839,336],{},[18,63841,63843],{"className":20,"code":63842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['name', 'grade']\n",[25,63844,63845],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63846,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63848,3669],{"class":93},[28,63850,358],{"class":42},[28,63852,121],{"class":46},[28,63854,358],{"class":42},[28,63856,2759],{"class":93},[28,63858,61],{"class":42},[28,63860,19679],{"class":46},[28,63862,358],{"class":42},[28,63864,3401],{"class":93},[1109,63866,63868],{"id":63867},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[18,63870,63872],{"className":20,"code":63871,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[25,63873,63874,63914],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63875,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63877,12647],{"class":34},[28,63879,39],{"class":38},[28,63881,10270],{"class":93},[28,63883,234],{"class":42},[28,63885,121],{"class":46},[28,63887,234],{"class":42},[28,63889,271],{"class":93},[28,63891,43],{"class":42},[28,63893,7696],{"class":46},[28,63895,234],{"class":42},[28,63897,2759],{"class":93},[28,63899,43],{"class":42},[28,63901,19679],{"class":46},[28,63903,234],{"class":42},[28,63905,271],{"class":93},[28,63907,43],{"class":42},[28,63909,22032],{"class":46},[28,63911,234],{"class":42},[28,63913,9087],{"class":93},[28,63915,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,63917,115],{"class":114},[28,63919,94],{"class":93},[28,63921,7869],{"class":89},[28,63923,94],{"class":93},[28,63925,13411],{"class":120},[28,63927,385],{"class":93},[28,63929,5133],{"class":120},[28,63931,6066],{"class":93},[14,63933,336],{},[18,63935,63937],{"className":20,"code":63936,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[25,63938,63939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63940,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63942,3669],{"class":93},[28,63944,358],{"class":42},[28,63946,7696],{"class":46},[28,63948,358],{"class":42},[28,63950,2759],{"class":93},[28,63952,61],{"class":42},[28,63954,22032],{"class":46},[28,63956,358],{"class":42},[28,63958,3401],{"class":93},[1109,63960,63962],{"id":63961},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[18,63964,63966],{"className":20,"code":63965,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[25,63967,63968,64008],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,63969,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,63971,12647],{"class":34},[28,63973,39],{"class":38},[28,63975,10270],{"class":93},[28,63977,234],{"class":42},[28,63979,121],{"class":46},[28,63981,234],{"class":42},[28,63983,271],{"class":93},[28,63985,43],{"class":42},[28,63987,7696],{"class":46},[28,63989,234],{"class":42},[28,63991,2759],{"class":93},[28,63993,43],{"class":42},[28,63995,19679],{"class":46},[28,63997,234],{"class":42},[28,63999,271],{"class":93},[28,64001,43],{"class":42},[28,64003,22032],{"class":46},[28,64005,234],{"class":42},[28,64007,9087],{"class":93},[28,64009,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64011,115],{"class":114},[28,64013,94],{"class":93},[28,64015,7869],{"class":89},[28,64017,94],{"class":93},[28,64019,13411],{"class":120},[28,64021,385],{"class":93},[28,64023,7586],{"class":120},[28,64025,6066],{"class":93},[14,64027,336],{},[18,64029,64031],{"className":20,"code":64030,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[25,64032,64033],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64034,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64036,21527],{"class":93},[28,64038,358],{"class":42},[28,64040,121],{"class":46},[28,64042,358],{"class":42},[28,64044,2759],{"class":93},[28,64046,61],{"class":42},[28,64048,7696],{"class":46},[28,64050,358],{"class":42},[28,64052,9012],{"class":93},[28,64054,9015],{"class":93},[28,64056,358],{"class":42},[28,64058,19679],{"class":46},[28,64060,358],{"class":42},[28,64062,2759],{"class":93},[28,64064,61],{"class":42},[28,64066,22032],{"class":46},[28,64068,358],{"class":42},[28,64070,9028],{"class":93},[14,64072,64073],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[172,64075,64077],{"id":64076},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64079,1631,64080,10381],{},[25,64081,24569],{},[177,64083,64084,64092,64101],{},[180,64085,64086,64087,474,64089],{},"you need list methods like ",[25,64088,52432],{},[25,64090,64091],{},"sort()",[180,64093,64094,64095,474,64097,64100],{},"you want to convert ",[25,64096,35988],{},[25,64098,64099],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[180,64102,64103],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64105,45827,64106,271],{},[25,64107,64099],{},[18,64109,64111],{"className":20,"code":64110,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[25,64112,64113,64137,64153,64157,64180],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64114,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64116,4768],{"class":34},[28,64118,39],{"class":38},[28,64120,3388],{"class":93},[28,64122,234],{"class":42},[28,64124,12664],{"class":46},[28,64126,234],{"class":42},[28,64128,2759],{"class":93},[28,64130,43],{"class":42},[28,64132,35730],{"class":46},[28,64134,234],{"class":42},[28,64136,3401],{"class":93},[28,64138,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64140,4836],{"class":34},[28,64142,39],{"class":38},[28,64144,3388],{"class":93},[28,64146,13287],{"class":97},[28,64148,2759],{"class":93},[28,64150,13292],{"class":97},[28,64152,3401],{"class":93},[28,64154,64155],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,64156,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,64158,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,64160,8994],{"class":34},[28,64162,39],{"class":38},[28,64164,22347],{"class":89},[28,64166,94],{"class":93},[28,64168,64169],{"class":114},"zip",[28,64171,94],{"class":93},[28,64173,4811],{"class":120},[28,64175,2759],{"class":93},[28,64177,4883],{"class":120},[28,64179,318],{"class":93},[28,64181,64182,64184,64186,64188],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,64183,115],{"class":114},[28,64185,94],{"class":93},[28,64187,9041],{"class":120},[28,64189,101],{"class":93},[14,64191,336],{},[18,64193,64195],{"className":20,"code":64194,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[25,64196,64197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64198,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64200,21527],{"class":93},[28,64202,358],{"class":42},[28,64204,12664],{"class":46},[28,64206,358],{"class":42},[28,64208,2759],{"class":93},[28,64210,19686],{"class":97},[28,64212,9012],{"class":93},[28,64214,9015],{"class":93},[28,64216,358],{"class":42},[28,64218,35730],{"class":46},[28,64220,358],{"class":42},[28,64222,2759],{"class":93},[28,64224,13292],{"class":97},[28,64226,9028],{"class":93},[14,64228,64229,64230,64232,64233,385],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[25,64231,52432],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[381,64234,52829],{"href":52828},[172,64236,4290],{"id":4289},[14,64238,56555,64239,385],{},[25,64240,24569],{},[1109,64242,64244],{"id":64243},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64246,4297],{},[18,64248,64250],{"className":20,"code":64249,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[25,64251,64252,64256],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64253,64254],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64255,4307],{"class":1006},[28,64257,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64259,7869],{"class":89},[28,64261,94],{"class":93},[28,64263,2756],{"class":97},[28,64265,2759],{"class":93},[28,64267,2762],{"class":97},[28,64269,2759],{"class":93},[28,64271,2221],{"class":97},[28,64273,101],{"class":93},[14,64275,64276,64278],{},[25,64277,24569],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64280,18482],{},[18,64282,64284],{"className":20,"code":64283,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[25,64285,64286],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64287,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64289,115],{"class":114},[28,64291,94],{"class":93},[28,64293,7869],{"class":89},[28,64295,5286],{"class":93},[28,64297,2756],{"class":97},[28,64299,2759],{"class":93},[28,64301,2762],{"class":97},[28,64303,2759],{"class":93},[28,64305,2221],{"class":97},[28,64307,2679],{"class":93},[1109,64309,64311,64312],{"id":64310},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[28,64313,1617],{},[14,64315,64316],{},"This is a common surprise:",[18,64318,64320],{"className":20,"code":64319,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[25,64321,64322],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64323,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64325,115],{"class":114},[28,64327,94],{"class":93},[28,64329,7869],{"class":89},[28,64331,94],{"class":93},[28,64333,234],{"class":42},[28,64335,238],{"class":46},[28,64337,234],{"class":42},[28,64339,318],{"class":93},[14,64341,336],{},[18,64343,64345],{"className":20,"code":64344,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[25,64346,64347],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64348,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64350,3669],{"class":93},[28,64352,358],{"class":42},[28,64354,60219],{"class":46},[28,64356,358],{"class":42},[28,64358,2759],{"class":93},[28,64360,61],{"class":42},[28,64362,60228],{"class":46},[28,64364,358],{"class":42},[28,64366,2759],{"class":93},[28,64368,61],{"class":42},[28,64370,60237],{"class":46},[28,64372,358],{"class":42},[28,64374,2759],{"class":93},[28,64376,61],{"class":42},[28,64378,60237],{"class":46},[28,64380,358],{"class":42},[28,64382,2759],{"class":93},[28,64384,61],{"class":42},[28,64386,60254],{"class":46},[28,64388,358],{"class":42},[28,64390,3401],{"class":93},[14,64392,64393],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64395,64396],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[18,64398,64400],{"className":20,"code":64399,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[25,64401,64402],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64403,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64405,115],{"class":114},[28,64407,2753],{"class":93},[28,64409,234],{"class":42},[28,64411,238],{"class":46},[28,64413,234],{"class":42},[28,64415,3657],{"class":93},[1109,64417,64419],{"id":64418},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64421,64422],{},"This:",[18,64424,64426],{"className":20,"code":64425,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[25,64427,64428,64460],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64429,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64431,8944],{"class":34},[28,64433,39],{"class":38},[28,64435,10270],{"class":93},[28,64437,234],{"class":42},[28,64439,381],{"class":46},[28,64441,234],{"class":42},[28,64443,271],{"class":93},[28,64445,5273],{"class":97},[28,64447,2759],{"class":93},[28,64449,43],{"class":42},[28,64451,4533],{"class":46},[28,64453,234],{"class":42},[28,64455,271],{"class":93},[28,64457,2762],{"class":97},[28,64459,9087],{"class":93},[28,64461,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64463,115],{"class":114},[28,64465,94],{"class":93},[28,64467,7869],{"class":89},[28,64469,94],{"class":93},[28,64471,8983],{"class":120},[28,64473,318],{"class":93},[14,64475,64476],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64478,1631,64479,64482],{},[25,64480,64481],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1109,64484,64486],{"id":64485},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64488,64489,64491],{},[25,64490,24569],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64493,64494],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[172,64496,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,64498,4953,64500,64502],{"id":64499},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[28,64501],{}," and list()?",[14,64504,64505,64506,64508,64509,64511],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[25,64507,3555],{}," is shorter. ",[25,64510,24569],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1109,64513,64515],{"id":64514},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64517,64518,64519,64521],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[25,64520,24569],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1109,64523,64525],{"id":64524},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64527,64528],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1109,64530,64532],{"id":64531},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64534,64535],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1109,64537,64539],{"id":64538},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64541,64542,64543,64545],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[25,64544,24569],{}," cannot loop through it.",[172,64547,1662],{"id":1661},[177,64549,64550,64554,64559,64563,64567,64571,64575,64580],{},[180,64551,64552],{},[381,64553,52551],{"href":50758},[180,64555,64556],{},[381,64557,64558],{"href":35985},"Python range() function explained",[180,64560,64561],{},[381,64562,62997],{"href":62996},[180,64564,64565],{},[381,64566,63329],{"href":63328},[180,64568,64569],{},[381,64570,4990],{"href":5362},[180,64572,64573],{},[381,64574,13576],{"href":13575},[180,64576,64577],{},[381,64578,64579],{"href":52379},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[180,64581,64582],{},[381,64583,54058],{"href":52828},[1699,64585,64586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":64588},[64589,64590,64591,64592,64593,64600,64601,64602,64607,64608,64615,64623],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":62699,"depth":53,"text":62700},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":59400,"depth":53,"text":59401},{"id":62927,"depth":53,"text":62928,"children":64594},[64595,64596,64597,64598,64599],{"id":62931,"depth":70,"text":62932},{"id":63000,"depth":70,"text":63001},{"id":63078,"depth":70,"text":63079},{"id":63153,"depth":70,"text":63154},{"id":63220,"depth":70,"text":63221},{"id":63332,"depth":53,"text":63333},{"id":63468,"depth":53,"text":63469},{"id":63768,"depth":53,"text":63769,"children":64603},[64604,64605,64606],{"id":63777,"depth":70,"text":63778},{"id":63867,"depth":70,"text":63868},{"id":63961,"depth":70,"text":63962},{"id":64076,"depth":53,"text":64077},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":64609},[64610,64611,64613,64614],{"id":64243,"depth":70,"text":64244},{"id":64310,"depth":70,"text":64612},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64418,"depth":70,"text":64419},{"id":64485,"depth":70,"text":64486},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":64616},[64617,64619,64620,64621,64622],{"id":64499,"depth":70,"text":64618},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64514,"depth":70,"text":64515},{"id":64524,"depth":70,"text":64525},{"id":64531,"depth":70,"text":64532},{"id":64538,"depth":70,"text":64539},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62533,"description":64624},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64631,"title":64632,"body":64633,"description":65984,"extension":1730,"meta":65985,"navigation":107,"path":65986,"seo":65987,"stem":65988,"__hash__":65989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64634,"toc":65958},[64635,64640,64646,64655,64657,64730,64739,64744,64748,64764,64768,64770,64772,64791,64794,64822,64825,64850,64858,64860,64865,64872,64874,64931,64933,64941,64947,64951,64954,65027,65029,65037,65040,65063,65070,65076,65080,65086,65157,65159,65167,65176,65183,65190,65198,65342,65344,65361,65364,65403,65406,65410,65415,65417,65476,65482,65485,65592,65594,65609,65612,65619,65621,65625,65773,65776,65837,65840,65843,65864,65869,65873,65884,65887,65889,65894,65897,65905,65910,65916,65919,65925,65933,65935,65955],[10,64636,54122,64638,11102],{"id":64637},"python-list-index-method",[25,64639,58748],{},[14,64641,64642,64645],{},[25,64643,64644],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64647,64648,64649,64652,64653,385],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[163,64650,64651],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[25,64654,40496],{},[172,64656,3373],{"id":3372},[18,64658,64660],{"className":20,"code":64659,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[25,64661,64662,64694,64717],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64663,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64665,7555],{"class":34},[28,64667,39],{"class":38},[28,64669,3388],{"class":93},[28,64671,234],{"class":42},[28,64673,3849],{"class":46},[28,64675,234],{"class":42},[28,64677,2759],{"class":93},[28,64679,43],{"class":42},[28,64681,3858],{"class":46},[28,64683,234],{"class":42},[28,64685,2759],{"class":93},[28,64687,43],{"class":42},[28,64689,3867],{"class":46},[28,64691,234],{"class":42},[28,64693,3401],{"class":93},[28,64695,64696,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64697,64698],{"class":34},"position ",[28,64700,39],{"class":38},[28,64702,5742],{"class":34},[28,64704,385],{"class":93},[28,64706,35635],{"class":120},[28,64708,94],{"class":93},[28,64710,234],{"class":42},[28,64712,3858],{"class":46},[28,64714,234],{"class":42},[28,64716,101],{"class":93},[28,64718,64719,64721,64723,64726,64728],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,64720,115],{"class":114},[28,64722,94],{"class":93},[28,64724,64725],{"class":120},"position",[28,64727,3428],{"class":93},[28,64729,27569],{"class":1006},[14,64731,1631,64732,64735,64736,64738],{},[25,64733,64734],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[25,64737,40496],{}," if the item is not found.",[172,64740,3445,64742,3448],{"id":64741},"what-listindex-does",[25,64743,64644],{},[14,64745,64746,271],{},[25,64747,64644],{},[177,64749,64750,64753,64756,64761],{},[180,64751,64752],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[180,64754,64755],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[180,64757,64758,64759],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[25,64760,1888],{},[180,64762,64763],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64765,54347,64766,385],{},[381,64767,52551],{"href":54350},[172,64769,1927],{"id":1926},[14,64771,30515],{},[18,64773,64775],{"className":20,"code":64774,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.index(value)\n",[25,64776,64777],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64778,64779,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64780,8115],{"class":34},[28,64782,385],{"class":93},[28,64784,35635],{"class":120},[28,64786,94],{"class":93},[28,64788,2242],{"class":120},[28,64790,101],{"class":93},[14,64792,64793],{},"You can also limit the search:",[18,64795,64797],{"className":20,"code":64796,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[25,64798,64799],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64800,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64820],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64802,8115],{"class":34},[28,64804,385],{"class":93},[28,64806,35635],{"class":120},[28,64808,94],{"class":93},[28,64810,2242],{"class":120},[28,64812,2759],{"class":93},[28,64814,35841],{"class":120},[28,64816,2759],{"class":93},[28,64818,64819],{"class":120}," end",[28,64821,101],{"class":93},[14,64823,64824],{},"Here is what each part means:",[177,64826,64827,64832,64837,64842],{},[180,64828,64829,64831],{},[25,64830,2242],{},": the item to search for",[180,64833,64834,64836],{},[25,64835,35862],{},": where the search begins",[180,64838,64839,64841],{},[25,64840,52440],{},": where the search stops",[180,64843,64844,4556,64846,64849],{},[25,64845,52440],{},[163,64847,64848],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64851,64852,64853,64855,64856,385],{},"This means Python searches from ",[25,64854,35862],{}," up to, but not including, ",[25,64857,52440],{},[172,64859,37812],{"id":37811},[14,64861,64862,64864],{},[25,64863,64644],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64866,64867,64868,64871],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[163,64869,64870],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64873,924],{},[18,64875,64877],{"className":20,"code":64876,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,64878,64879,64899,64917,64921],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64880,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64882,3383],{"class":34},[28,64884,39],{"class":38},[28,64886,3388],{"class":93},[28,64888,2099],{"class":97},[28,64890,2759],{"class":93},[28,64892,7566],{"class":97},[28,64894,2759],{"class":93},[28,64896,7571],{"class":97},[28,64898,3401],{"class":93},[28,64900,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64902,1999],{"class":34},[28,64904,39],{"class":38},[28,64906,4034],{"class":34},[28,64908,385],{"class":93},[28,64910,35635],{"class":120},[28,64912,94],{"class":93},[28,64914,15539],{"class":97},[28,64916,101],{"class":93},[28,64918,64919],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,64920,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,64922,64923,64925,64927,64929],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,64924,115],{"class":114},[28,64926,94],{"class":93},[28,64928,2033],{"class":120},[28,64930,101],{"class":93},[14,64932,336],{},[18,64934,64935],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,64936,64937],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64938,64939],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64940,46700],{"class":97},[14,64942,64943,64944,64946],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[25,64945,58748],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[172,64948,64950],{"id":64949},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64952,64953],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[18,64955,64957],{"className":20,"code":64956,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[25,64958,64959,64991,65013,65017],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,64960,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,64962,36029],{"class":34},[28,64964,39],{"class":38},[28,64966,3388],{"class":93},[28,64968,234],{"class":42},[28,64970,3849],{"class":46},[28,64972,234],{"class":42},[28,64974,2759],{"class":93},[28,64976,43],{"class":42},[28,64978,3858],{"class":46},[28,64980,234],{"class":42},[28,64982,2759],{"class":93},[28,64984,43],{"class":42},[28,64986,3867],{"class":46},[28,64988,234],{"class":42},[28,64990,3401],{"class":93},[28,64992,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,64994,64698],{"class":34},[28,64996,39],{"class":38},[28,64998,52631],{"class":34},[28,65000,385],{"class":93},[28,65002,35635],{"class":120},[28,65004,94],{"class":93},[28,65006,234],{"class":42},[28,65008,3867],{"class":46},[28,65010,234],{"class":42},[28,65012,101],{"class":93},[28,65014,65015],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,65016,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,65018,65019,65021,65023,65025],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,65020,115],{"class":114},[28,65022,94],{"class":93},[28,65024,64725],{"class":120},[28,65026,101],{"class":93},[14,65028,336],{},[18,65030,65031],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,65032,65033],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65034,65035],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65036,16842],{"class":97},[14,65038,65039],{},"In this list:",[177,65041,65042,65049,65056],{},[180,65043,65044,65046,65047],{},[25,65045,57613],{}," is at index ",[25,65048,1888],{},[180,65050,65051,65046,65054],{},[25,65052,65053],{},"\"banana\"",[25,65055,2756],{},[180,65057,65058,65046,65061],{},[25,65059,65060],{},"\"cherry\"",[25,65062,1825],{},[14,65064,53433,65065,2166,65068,385],{},[25,65066,65067],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[25,65069,1825],{},[14,65071,51322,65072,385],{},[381,65073,65075],{"href":65074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[172,65077,65079],{"id":65078},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65081,65082,65083,65085],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[25,65084,58748],{}," returns the first match only.",[18,65087,65089],{"className":20,"code":65088,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[25,65090,65091,65131,65135],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65092,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65094,12860],{"class":34},[28,65096,39],{"class":38},[28,65098,3388],{"class":93},[28,65100,234],{"class":42},[28,65102,12877],{"class":46},[28,65104,234],{"class":42},[28,65106,2759],{"class":93},[28,65108,43],{"class":42},[28,65110,12894],{"class":46},[28,65112,234],{"class":42},[28,65114,2759],{"class":93},[28,65116,43],{"class":42},[28,65118,12877],{"class":46},[28,65120,234],{"class":42},[28,65122,2759],{"class":93},[28,65124,43],{"class":42},[28,65126,17242],{"class":46},[28,65128,234],{"class":42},[28,65130,3401],{"class":93},[28,65132,65133],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65134,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,65136,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,65138,115],{"class":114},[28,65140,94],{"class":93},[28,65142,17289],{"class":120},[28,65144,385],{"class":93},[28,65146,35635],{"class":120},[28,65148,94],{"class":93},[28,65150,234],{"class":42},[28,65152,12877],{"class":46},[28,65154,234],{"class":42},[28,65156,318],{"class":93},[14,65158,336],{},[18,65160,65161],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,65162,65163],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65164,65165],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65166,47035],{"class":97},[14,65168,260,65169,65172,65173,65175],{},[25,65170,65171],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[25,65174,1888],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65177,65178,65179,385],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[381,65180,55300,65181,1689],{"href":58807},[25,65182,57070],{},[172,65184,8194,65186,1323,65188],{"id":65185},"using-start-and-end",[25,65187,35862],{},[25,65189,52440],{},[14,65191,65192,65193,1323,65195,65197],{},"The optional ",[25,65194,35862],{},[25,65196,52440],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[18,65199,65201],{"className":20,"code":65200,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[25,65202,65203,65251,65255,65280,65309],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65204,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65206,35880],{"class":34},[28,65208,39],{"class":38},[28,65210,3388],{"class":93},[28,65212,234],{"class":42},[28,65214,381],{"class":46},[28,65216,234],{"class":42},[28,65218,2759],{"class":93},[28,65220,43],{"class":42},[28,65222,4533],{"class":46},[28,65224,234],{"class":42},[28,65226,2759],{"class":93},[28,65228,43],{"class":42},[28,65230,9518],{"class":46},[28,65232,234],{"class":42},[28,65234,2759],{"class":93},[28,65236,43],{"class":42},[28,65238,4533],{"class":46},[28,65240,234],{"class":42},[28,65242,2759],{"class":93},[28,65244,43],{"class":42},[28,65246,18555],{"class":46},[28,65248,234],{"class":42},[28,65250,3401],{"class":93},[28,65252,65253],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65254,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,65256,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,65258,115],{"class":114},[28,65260,94],{"class":93},[28,65262,35933],{"class":120},[28,65264,385],{"class":93},[28,65266,35635],{"class":120},[28,65268,94],{"class":93},[28,65270,234],{"class":42},[28,65272,4533],{"class":46},[28,65274,234],{"class":42},[28,65276,5136],{"class":93},[28,65278,65279],{"class":1006},"        # first match\n",[28,65281,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,65283,115],{"class":114},[28,65285,94],{"class":93},[28,65287,35933],{"class":120},[28,65289,385],{"class":93},[28,65291,35635],{"class":120},[28,65293,94],{"class":93},[28,65295,234],{"class":42},[28,65297,4533],{"class":46},[28,65299,234],{"class":42},[28,65301,2759],{"class":93},[28,65303,2762],{"class":97},[28,65305,5136],{"class":93},[28,65307,65308],{"class":1006},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[28,65310,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,65312,115],{"class":114},[28,65314,94],{"class":93},[28,65316,35933],{"class":120},[28,65318,385],{"class":93},[28,65320,35635],{"class":120},[28,65322,94],{"class":93},[28,65324,234],{"class":42},[28,65326,4533],{"class":46},[28,65328,234],{"class":42},[28,65330,2759],{"class":93},[28,65332,5273],{"class":97},[28,65334,2759],{"class":93},[28,65336,2226],{"class":97},[28,65338,5136],{"class":93},[28,65340,65341],{"class":1006},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65343,336],{},[18,65345,65347],{"className":20,"code":65346,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1\n3\n1\n",[25,65348,65349,65353,65357],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65350,65351],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65352,46700],{"class":97},[28,65354,65355],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65356,46400],{"class":97},[28,65358,65359],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,65360,46700],{"class":97},[14,65362,65363],{},"How this works:",[177,65365,65366,65378,65391],{},[180,65367,65368,65371,65372,65375,65376],{},[25,65369,65370],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[25,65373,65374],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[25,65377,2756],{},[180,65379,65380,65383,65384,65386,65387,65375,65389],{},[25,65381,65382],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[25,65385,1825],{},", so it finds the next ",[25,65388,65374],{},[25,65390,1831],{},[180,65392,65393,65396,65397,1959,65399,16858,65401],{},[25,65394,65395],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[25,65398,2756],{},[25,65400,1825],{},[25,65402,1831],{},[14,65404,65405],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[172,65407,65409],{"id":65408},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65411,65412,65413,385],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[25,65414,40496],{},[14,65416,924],{},[18,65418,65420],{"className":20,"code":65419,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[25,65421,65422,65454],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65423,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65425,7555],{"class":34},[28,65427,39],{"class":38},[28,65429,3388],{"class":93},[28,65431,234],{"class":42},[28,65433,3849],{"class":46},[28,65435,234],{"class":42},[28,65437,2759],{"class":93},[28,65439,43],{"class":42},[28,65441,3858],{"class":46},[28,65443,234],{"class":42},[28,65445,2759],{"class":93},[28,65447,43],{"class":42},[28,65449,3867],{"class":46},[28,65451,234],{"class":42},[28,65453,3401],{"class":93},[28,65455,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65457,115],{"class":114},[28,65459,94],{"class":93},[28,65461,7586],{"class":120},[28,65463,385],{"class":93},[28,65465,35635],{"class":120},[28,65467,94],{"class":93},[28,65469,234],{"class":42},[28,65471,33012],{"class":46},[28,65473,234],{"class":42},[28,65475,318],{"class":93},[14,65477,39446,65478,65481],{},[25,65479,65480],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65483,65484],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[18,65486,65488],{"className":20,"code":65487,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[25,65489,65490,65522,65535,65539,65552,65571,65577],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65491,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65493,7555],{"class":34},[28,65495,39],{"class":38},[28,65497,3388],{"class":93},[28,65499,234],{"class":42},[28,65501,3849],{"class":46},[28,65503,234],{"class":42},[28,65505,2759],{"class":93},[28,65507,43],{"class":42},[28,65509,3858],{"class":46},[28,65511,234],{"class":42},[28,65513,2759],{"class":93},[28,65515,43],{"class":42},[28,65517,3867],{"class":46},[28,65519,234],{"class":42},[28,65521,3401],{"class":93},[28,65523,65524,65527,65529,65531,65533],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65525,65526],{"class":34},"search_value ",[28,65528,39],{"class":38},[28,65530,43],{"class":42},[28,65532,33012],{"class":46},[28,65534,50],{"class":42},[28,65536,65537],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,65538,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,65540,65541,65543,65546,65548,65550],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,65542,6773],{"class":3644},[28,65544,65545],{"class":34}," search_value ",[28,65547,3651],{"class":38},[28,65549,5742],{"class":34},[28,65551,6170],{"class":93},[28,65553,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65569],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,65555,7844],{"class":114},[28,65557,94],{"class":93},[28,65559,7586],{"class":120},[28,65561,385],{"class":93},[28,65563,35635],{"class":120},[28,65565,94],{"class":93},[28,65567,65568],{"class":120},"search_value",[28,65570,318],{"class":93},[28,65572,65573,65575],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,65574,27223],{"class":3644},[28,65576,6170],{"class":93},[28,65578,65579,65581,65583,65585,65588,65590],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,65580,7844],{"class":114},[28,65582,94],{"class":93},[28,65584,234],{"class":42},[28,65586,65587],{"class":46},"Item not found",[28,65589,234],{"class":42},[28,65591,101],{"class":93},[14,65593,336],{},[18,65595,65597],{"className":20,"code":65596,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Item not found\n",[25,65598,65599],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65600,65601,65604,65606],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65602,65603],{"class":34},"Item ",[28,65605,4402],{"class":38},[28,65607,65608],{"class":34}," found\n",[14,65610,65611],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65613,65614,65615,385],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[381,65616,65618],{"href":65617},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[172,65620,4290],{"id":4289},[14,65622,20999,65623,271],{},[25,65624,64644],{},[177,65626,65627,65645,65657,65717],{},[180,65628,25563,65629,2166,65631,65634,65635,65637,65638,4934,65640,65642,65643,385],{},[25,65630,58748],{},[25,65632,65633],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9625,65636],{},"\nPython does ",[163,65639,4402],{},[25,65641,65633],{},". It raises ",[25,65644,40496],{},[180,65646,65647,65648,65650,65653,65654,65656],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9625,65649],{},[25,65651,65652],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[25,65655,65053],{},", not the value itself.",[180,65658,8194,65659,10871,65662,65664,65666,65667,16441,65669,65692,16429,65694],{},[25,65660,65661],{},"index[]",[25,65663,58748],{},[9625,65665],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9625,65668],{},[18,65670,65672],{"className":20,"code":65671,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[25,65673,65674],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65675,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65677,7586],{"class":34},[28,65679,385],{"class":93},[28,65681,35635],{"class":120},[28,65683,94],{"class":93},[28,65685,234],{"class":42},[28,65687,3858],{"class":46},[28,65689,234],{"class":42},[28,65691,101],{"class":93},[9625,65693],{},[18,65695,65697],{"className":20,"code":65696,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[25,65698,65699],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65700,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65702,7586],{"class":34},[28,65704,385],{"class":93},[28,65706,35635],{"class":24538},[28,65708,3669],{"class":93},[28,65710,234],{"class":42},[28,65712,3858],{"class":46},[28,65714,234],{"class":42},[28,65716,3401],{"class":93},[180,65718,65719,65720,65722,1323,65725,65727,65728],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9625,65721],{},[25,65723,65724],{},"\"3\"",[25,65726,1831],{}," are different values in Python.",[18,65729,65731],{"className":20,"code":65730,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[25,65732,65733,65753],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65734,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65736,3383],{"class":34},[28,65738,39],{"class":38},[28,65740,3388],{"class":93},[28,65742,2756],{"class":97},[28,65744,2759],{"class":93},[28,65746,2762],{"class":97},[28,65748,2759],{"class":93},[28,65750,2221],{"class":97},[28,65752,3401],{"class":93},[28,65754,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65756,115],{"class":114},[28,65758,94],{"class":93},[28,65760,234],{"class":42},[28,65762,1831],{"class":46},[28,65764,234],{"class":42},[28,65766,20961],{"class":3644},[28,65768,4034],{"class":120},[28,65770,3428],{"class":93},[28,65772,4544],{"class":1006},[14,65774,65775],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[18,65777,65779],{"className":20,"code":65778,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[25,65780,65781,65791,65805,65819],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,65782,65783,65785,65787,65789],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,65784,115],{"class":114},[28,65786,94],{"class":93},[28,65788,8115],{"class":120},[28,65790,101],{"class":93},[28,65792,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,65794,115],{"class":114},[28,65796,94],{"class":93},[28,65798,311],{"class":89},[28,65800,94],{"class":93},[28,65802,65568],{"class":120},[28,65804,318],{"class":93},[28,65806,65807,65809,65811,65813,65815,65817],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,65808,115],{"class":114},[28,65810,94],{"class":93},[28,65812,65526],{"class":120},[28,65814,3651],{"class":3644},[28,65816,8172],{"class":120},[28,65818,101],{"class":93},[28,65820,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,65822,115],{"class":114},[28,65824,94],{"class":93},[28,65826,8115],{"class":120},[28,65828,385],{"class":93},[28,65830,35635],{"class":120},[28,65832,94],{"class":93},[28,65834,65568],{"class":120},[28,65836,318],{"class":93},[14,65838,65839],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65841,65842],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[177,65844,65845,65848,65855,65861],{},[180,65846,65847],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[180,65849,65850,65851,10871,65853],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[25,65852,65724],{},[25,65854,1831],{},[180,65856,65857,65858,65860],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[25,65859,58748],{}," returns only the first one",[180,65862,65863],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[172,65865,4734,65867],{"id":65866},"when-to-use-index",[25,65868,58748],{},[14,65870,1631,65871,10381],{},[25,65872,58748],{},[177,65874,65875,65878,65881],{},[180,65876,65877],{},"You need the position of a known value",[180,65879,65880],{},"You are working with a small list",[180,65882,65883],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65885,65886],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[172,65888,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,65890,4915,65892,4918],{"id":65891},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[25,65893,64644],{},[14,65895,65896],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1109,65898,12487,65900,4934,65902,65904],{"id":65899},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[25,65901,64644],{},[25,65903,65633],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65906,65907,65908,6406],{},"No. It raises ",[25,65909,40496],{},[1109,65911,4943,65913,65915],{"id":65912},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[25,65914,64644],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65917,65918],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1109,65920,65922,65923,2262],{"id":65921},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[25,65924,58748],{},[14,65926,65927,65928,1323,65930,65932],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[25,65929,35862],{},[25,65931,52440],{}," arguments.",[172,65934,1662],{"id":1661},[177,65936,65937,65941,65945,65949],{},[180,65938,65939],{},[381,65940,58736],{"href":65074},[180,65942,65943],{},[381,65944,52551],{"href":54350},[180,65946,65947],{},[381,65948,65618],{"href":65617},[180,65950,65951],{},[381,65952,55300,65953,1689],{"href":58807},[25,65954,57070],{},[1699,65956,65957],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":65959},[65960,65961,65963,65964,65965,65966,65967,65969,65970,65971,65973,65983],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":64741,"depth":53,"text":65962},"What list.index() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":37811,"depth":53,"text":37812},{"id":64949,"depth":53,"text":64950},{"id":65078,"depth":53,"text":65079},{"id":65185,"depth":53,"text":65968},"Using start and end",{"id":65408,"depth":53,"text":65409},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290},{"id":65866,"depth":53,"text":65972},"When to use index()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":65974},[65975,65977,65979,65981],{"id":65891,"depth":70,"text":65976},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65899,"depth":70,"text":65978},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65912,"depth":70,"text":65980},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65921,"depth":70,"text":65982},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64632,"description":65984},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65991,"title":65992,"body":65993,"description":67935,"extension":1730,"meta":67936,"navigation":107,"path":67937,"seo":67938,"stem":67939,"__hash__":67940},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65994,"toc":67895},[65995,66000,66005,66008,66017,66074,66080,66085,66089,66103,66109,66111,66134,66151,66153,66214,66216,66248,66261,66263,66266,66366,66368,66446,66452,66456,66464,66468,66474,66529,66531,66555,66559,66562,66615,66617,66641,66645,66648,66701,66703,66727,66731,66737,66808,66810,66851,66857,66864,66867,66872,66880,66885,66893,66895,66992,66994,67063,67070,67075,67077,67081,67086,67088,67159,67161,67190,67196,67198,67225,67228,67251,67255,67258,67280,67283,67306,67308,67368,67370,67402,67408,67413,67466,67468,67493,67496,67545,67547,67568,67572,67577,67580,67635,67637,67664,67671,67675,67680,67751,67754,67768,67773,67778,67780,67794,67806,67811,67813,67818,67823,67827,67830,67836,67842,67849,67857,67859,67892],[10,65996,54122,65998,11102],{"id":65997},"python-list-insert-method",[25,65999,54048],{},[14,66001,66002,66004],{},[25,66003,53691],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66006,66007],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66009,1631,66010,66012,66013,385],{},[25,66011,54048],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[381,66014,55300,66015,1689],{"href":56548},[25,66016,52432],{},[18,66018,66020],{"className":20,"code":66019,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,66021,66022,66042,66060,66070],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66023,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66025,3383],{"class":34},[28,66027,39],{"class":38},[28,66029,3388],{"class":93},[28,66031,2756],{"class":97},[28,66033,2759],{"class":93},[28,66035,2762],{"class":97},[28,66037,2759],{"class":93},[28,66039,2226],{"class":97},[28,66041,3401],{"class":93},[28,66043,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66045,3415],{"class":34},[28,66047,385],{"class":93},[28,66049,53731],{"class":120},[28,66051,94],{"class":93},[28,66053,1825],{"class":97},[28,66055,2759],{"class":93},[28,66057,2221],{"class":97},[28,66059,101],{"class":93},[28,66061,66062,66064,66066,66068],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66063,115],{"class":114},[28,66065,94],{"class":93},[28,66067,3415],{"class":120},[28,66069,101],{"class":93},[28,66071,66072],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,66073,52503],{"class":1006},[14,66075,1631,66076,66079],{},[25,66077,66078],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[172,66081,3445,66083,3448],{"id":66082},"what-listinsert-does",[25,66084,53691],{},[14,66086,66087,271],{},[25,66088,53691],{},[177,66090,66091,66094,66097,66099],{},[180,66092,66093],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[180,66095,66096],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[180,66098,54208],{},[180,66100,11204,66101],{},[25,66102,3546],{},[14,66104,66105,66106,66108],{},"That last point is important. ",[25,66107,54048],{}," does not create a new list.",[172,66110,5206],{"id":5205},[18,66112,66114],{"className":20,"code":66113,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[25,66115,66116],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66117,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66119,8115],{"class":34},[28,66121,385],{"class":93},[28,66123,53731],{"class":120},[28,66125,94],{"class":93},[28,66127,35635],{"class":120},[28,66129,2759],{"class":93},[28,66131,29297],{"class":120},[28,66133,101],{"class":93},[177,66135,66136,66141,66146],{},[180,66137,66138,66140],{},[25,66139,35635],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[180,66142,66143,66145],{},[25,66144,23098],{}," is the value to add",[180,66147,66148,66149],{},"The first list position is index ",[25,66150,1888],{},[14,66152,924],{},[18,66154,66156],{"className":20,"code":66155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,66157,66158,66182,66204],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66159,66160,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66161,35880],{"class":34},[28,66163,39],{"class":38},[28,66165,3388],{"class":93},[28,66167,234],{"class":42},[28,66169,381],{"class":46},[28,66171,234],{"class":42},[28,66173,2759],{"class":93},[28,66175,43],{"class":42},[28,66177,9518],{"class":46},[28,66179,234],{"class":42},[28,66181,3401],{"class":93},[28,66183,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66185,35933],{"class":34},[28,66187,385],{"class":93},[28,66189,53731],{"class":120},[28,66191,94],{"class":93},[28,66193,2756],{"class":97},[28,66195,2759],{"class":93},[28,66197,43],{"class":42},[28,66199,4533],{"class":46},[28,66201,234],{"class":42},[28,66203,101],{"class":93},[28,66205,66206,66208,66210,66212],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66207,115],{"class":114},[28,66209,94],{"class":93},[28,66211,35933],{"class":120},[28,66213,101],{"class":93},[14,66215,336],{},[18,66217,66218],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,66219,66220],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66221,66222,66224,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66223,3669],{"class":93},[28,66225,358],{"class":42},[28,66227,381],{"class":46},[28,66229,358],{"class":42},[28,66231,2759],{"class":93},[28,66233,61],{"class":42},[28,66235,4533],{"class":46},[28,66237,358],{"class":42},[28,66239,2759],{"class":93},[28,66241,61],{"class":42},[28,66243,9518],{"class":46},[28,66245,358],{"class":42},[28,66247,3401],{"class":93},[14,66249,20559,66250,66252,66253,66255,66256,1323,66258,385],{},[25,66251,65374],{}," is inserted at index ",[25,66254,2756],{},", so it appears between ",[25,66257,17883],{},[25,66259,66260],{},"\"c\"",[172,66262,5563],{"id":5562},[14,66264,66265],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[18,66267,66269],{"className":20,"code":66268,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[25,66270,66271,66303,66321,66325,66347],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66272,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66274,12860],{"class":34},[28,66276,39],{"class":38},[28,66278,3388],{"class":93},[28,66280,234],{"class":42},[28,66282,12877],{"class":46},[28,66284,234],{"class":42},[28,66286,2759],{"class":93},[28,66288,43],{"class":42},[28,66290,12894],{"class":46},[28,66292,234],{"class":42},[28,66294,2759],{"class":93},[28,66296,43],{"class":42},[28,66298,17242],{"class":46},[28,66300,234],{"class":42},[28,66302,3401],{"class":93},[28,66304,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66306,115],{"class":114},[28,66308,94],{"class":93},[28,66310,234],{"class":42},[28,66312,11345],{"class":46},[28,66314,234],{"class":42},[28,66316,2759],{"class":93},[28,66318,12908],{"class":120},[28,66320,101],{"class":93},[28,66322,66323],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66324,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,66326,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,66328,17289],{"class":34},[28,66330,385],{"class":93},[28,66332,53731],{"class":120},[28,66334,94],{"class":93},[28,66336,2756],{"class":97},[28,66338,2759],{"class":93},[28,66340,43],{"class":42},[28,66342,22311],{"class":46},[28,66344,234],{"class":42},[28,66346,101],{"class":93},[28,66348,66349,66351,66353,66355,66358,66360,66362,66364],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,66350,115],{"class":114},[28,66352,94],{"class":93},[28,66354,234],{"class":42},[28,66356,66357],{"class":46},"After: ",[28,66359,234],{"class":42},[28,66361,2759],{"class":93},[28,66363,12908],{"class":120},[28,66365,101],{"class":93},[14,66367,336],{},[18,66369,66371],{"className":20,"code":66370,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[25,66372,66373,66405],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66374,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66376,11405],{"class":34},[28,66378,271],{"class":93},[28,66380,3388],{"class":93},[28,66382,358],{"class":42},[28,66384,12877],{"class":46},[28,66386,358],{"class":42},[28,66388,2759],{"class":93},[28,66390,61],{"class":42},[28,66392,12894],{"class":46},[28,66394,358],{"class":42},[28,66396,2759],{"class":93},[28,66398,61],{"class":42},[28,66400,17242],{"class":46},[28,66402,358],{"class":42},[28,66404,3401],{"class":93},[28,66406,66407,66409,66411,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66408,11458],{"class":34},[28,66410,271],{"class":93},[28,66412,66413],{"class":93},"  [",[28,66415,358],{"class":42},[28,66417,12877],{"class":46},[28,66419,358],{"class":42},[28,66421,2759],{"class":93},[28,66423,61],{"class":42},[28,66425,22311],{"class":46},[28,66427,358],{"class":42},[28,66429,2759],{"class":93},[28,66431,61],{"class":42},[28,66433,12894],{"class":46},[28,66435,358],{"class":42},[28,66437,2759],{"class":93},[28,66439,61],{"class":42},[28,66441,17242],{"class":46},[28,66443,358],{"class":42},[28,66445,3401],{"class":93},[14,66447,66448,66449,66451],{},"The new value appears at index ",[25,66450,2756],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[172,66453,66455],{"id":66454},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66457,679,66458,1018,66460,66463],{},[25,66459,35635],{},[25,66461,66462],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1109,66465,66467],{"id":66466},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66469,66470,66471,66473],{},"Use index ",[25,66472,1888],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[18,66475,66477],{"className":20,"code":66476,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[25,66478,66479,66500,66519],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66480,66481,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66482,66483],{"class":34},"nums ",[28,66485,39],{"class":38},[28,66487,3388],{"class":93},[28,66489,1825],{"class":97},[28,66491,2759],{"class":93},[28,66493,2221],{"class":97},[28,66495,2759],{"class":93},[28,66497,2226],{"class":97},[28,66499,3401],{"class":93},[28,66501,66502,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66503,66504],{"class":34},"nums",[28,66506,385],{"class":93},[28,66508,53731],{"class":120},[28,66510,94],{"class":93},[28,66512,1888],{"class":97},[28,66514,2759],{"class":93},[28,66516,5273],{"class":97},[28,66518,101],{"class":93},[28,66520,66521,66523,66525,66527],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66522,115],{"class":114},[28,66524,94],{"class":93},[28,66526,66504],{"class":120},[28,66528,101],{"class":93},[14,66530,336],{},[18,66532,66533],{"className":20,"code":53285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,66534,66535],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66536,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66538,3669],{"class":93},[28,66540,2756],{"class":97},[28,66542,2759],{"class":93},[28,66544,2762],{"class":97},[28,66546,2759],{"class":93},[28,66548,2221],{"class":97},[28,66550,2759],{"class":93},[28,66552,2226],{"class":97},[28,66554,3401],{"class":93},[1109,66556,66558],{"id":66557},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66560,66561],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[18,66563,66565],{"className":20,"code":66564,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[25,66566,66567,66587,66605],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66568,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66570,66483],{"class":34},[28,66572,39],{"class":38},[28,66574,3388],{"class":93},[28,66576,2756],{"class":97},[28,66578,2759],{"class":93},[28,66580,2762],{"class":97},[28,66582,2759],{"class":93},[28,66584,2226],{"class":97},[28,66586,3401],{"class":93},[28,66588,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66590,66504],{"class":34},[28,66592,385],{"class":93},[28,66594,53731],{"class":120},[28,66596,94],{"class":93},[28,66598,1825],{"class":97},[28,66600,2759],{"class":93},[28,66602,2221],{"class":97},[28,66604,101],{"class":93},[28,66606,66607,66609,66611,66613],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66608,115],{"class":114},[28,66610,94],{"class":93},[28,66612,66504],{"class":120},[28,66614,101],{"class":93},[14,66616,336],{},[18,66618,66619],{"className":20,"code":53285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,66620,66621],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66624,3669],{"class":93},[28,66626,2756],{"class":97},[28,66628,2759],{"class":93},[28,66630,2762],{"class":97},[28,66632,2759],{"class":93},[28,66634,2221],{"class":97},[28,66636,2759],{"class":93},[28,66638,2226],{"class":97},[28,66640,3401],{"class":93},[1109,66642,66644],{"id":66643},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66646,66647],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[18,66649,66651],{"className":20,"code":66650,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[25,66652,66653,66673,66691],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66654,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66656,66483],{"class":34},[28,66658,39],{"class":38},[28,66660,3388],{"class":93},[28,66662,2756],{"class":97},[28,66664,2759],{"class":93},[28,66666,2762],{"class":97},[28,66668,2759],{"class":93},[28,66670,2221],{"class":97},[28,66672,3401],{"class":93},[28,66674,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66676,66504],{"class":34},[28,66678,385],{"class":93},[28,66680,53731],{"class":120},[28,66682,94],{"class":93},[28,66684,2099],{"class":97},[28,66686,2759],{"class":93},[28,66688,2226],{"class":97},[28,66690,101],{"class":93},[28,66692,66693,66695,66697,66699],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66694,115],{"class":114},[28,66696,94],{"class":93},[28,66698,66504],{"class":120},[28,66700,101],{"class":93},[14,66702,336],{},[18,66704,66705],{"className":20,"code":53285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,66706,66707],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66708,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66710,3669],{"class":93},[28,66712,2756],{"class":97},[28,66714,2759],{"class":93},[28,66716,2762],{"class":97},[28,66718,2759],{"class":93},[28,66720,2221],{"class":97},[28,66722,2759],{"class":93},[28,66724,2226],{"class":97},[28,66726,3401],{"class":93},[1109,66728,66730],{"id":66729},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66732,66733,66734,66736],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[25,66735,54048],{}," places the item before that position.",[18,66738,66740],{"className":20,"code":66739,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,66741,66742,66774,66798],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66743,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66745,35880],{"class":34},[28,66747,39],{"class":38},[28,66749,3388],{"class":93},[28,66751,234],{"class":42},[28,66753,381],{"class":46},[28,66755,234],{"class":42},[28,66757,2759],{"class":93},[28,66759,43],{"class":42},[28,66761,4533],{"class":46},[28,66763,234],{"class":42},[28,66765,2759],{"class":93},[28,66767,43],{"class":42},[28,66769,18555],{"class":46},[28,66771,234],{"class":42},[28,66773,3401],{"class":93},[28,66775,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66777,35933],{"class":34},[28,66779,385],{"class":93},[28,66781,53731],{"class":120},[28,66783,94],{"class":93},[28,66785,1790],{"class":38},[28,66787,2756],{"class":97},[28,66789,2759],{"class":93},[28,66791,43],{"class":42},[28,66793,9518],{"class":46},[28,66795,234],{"class":42},[28,66797,101],{"class":93},[28,66799,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66801,115],{"class":114},[28,66803,94],{"class":93},[28,66805,35933],{"class":120},[28,66807,101],{"class":93},[14,66809,336],{},[18,66811,66813],{"className":20,"code":66812,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[25,66814,66815],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66818,3669],{"class":93},[28,66820,358],{"class":42},[28,66822,381],{"class":46},[28,66824,358],{"class":42},[28,66826,2759],{"class":93},[28,66828,61],{"class":42},[28,66830,4533],{"class":46},[28,66832,358],{"class":42},[28,66834,2759],{"class":93},[28,66836,61],{"class":42},[28,66838,9518],{"class":46},[28,66840,358],{"class":42},[28,66842,2759],{"class":93},[28,66844,61],{"class":42},[28,66846,18555],{"class":46},[28,66848,358],{"class":42},[28,66850,3401],{"class":93},[14,66852,66853,66854,2072],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[381,66855,66856],{"href":50758},"Python lists beginner guide",[172,66858,66860,10365,66862],{"id":66859},"insert-vs-append",[25,66861,54048],{},[25,66863,52432],{},[14,66865,66866],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1109,66868,1631,66870,10381],{"id":66869},"use-insert-when",[25,66871,54048],{},[177,66873,66874,66877],{},[180,66875,66876],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[180,66878,66879],{},"The order of the list matters",[1109,66881,1631,66883,10381],{"id":66882},"use-append-when",[25,66884,52432],{},[177,66886,66887,66890],{},[180,66888,66889],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[180,66891,66892],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66894,924],{},[18,66896,66898],{"className":20,"code":66897,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[25,66899,66900,66924,66928,66950,66960,66964,66982],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,66901,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,66903,7555],{"class":34},[28,66905,39],{"class":38},[28,66907,3388],{"class":93},[28,66909,234],{"class":42},[28,66911,3849],{"class":46},[28,66913,234],{"class":42},[28,66915,2759],{"class":93},[28,66917,43],{"class":42},[28,66919,33012],{"class":46},[28,66921,234],{"class":42},[28,66923,3401],{"class":93},[28,66925,66926],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,66927,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,66929,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,66931,7586],{"class":34},[28,66933,385],{"class":93},[28,66935,53731],{"class":120},[28,66937,94],{"class":93},[28,66939,2756],{"class":97},[28,66941,2759],{"class":93},[28,66943,43],{"class":42},[28,66945,3858],{"class":46},[28,66947,234],{"class":42},[28,66949,101],{"class":93},[28,66951,66952,66954,66956,66958],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,66953,115],{"class":114},[28,66955,94],{"class":93},[28,66957,7586],{"class":120},[28,66959,101],{"class":93},[28,66961,66962],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,66963,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,66965,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,66967,7586],{"class":34},[28,66969,385],{"class":93},[28,66971,13338],{"class":120},[28,66973,94],{"class":93},[28,66975,234],{"class":42},[28,66977,22320],{"class":46},[28,66979,234],{"class":42},[28,66981,101],{"class":93},[28,66983,66984,66986,66988,66990],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,66985,115],{"class":114},[28,66987,94],{"class":93},[28,66989,7586],{"class":120},[28,66991,101],{"class":93},[14,66993,336],{},[18,66995,66997],{"className":20,"code":66996,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[25,66998,66999,67027],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67000,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67002,3669],{"class":93},[28,67004,358],{"class":42},[28,67006,3849],{"class":46},[28,67008,358],{"class":42},[28,67010,2759],{"class":93},[28,67012,61],{"class":42},[28,67014,3858],{"class":46},[28,67016,358],{"class":42},[28,67018,2759],{"class":93},[28,67020,61],{"class":42},[28,67022,33012],{"class":46},[28,67024,358],{"class":42},[28,67026,3401],{"class":93},[28,67028,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67030,3669],{"class":93},[28,67032,358],{"class":42},[28,67034,3849],{"class":46},[28,67036,358],{"class":42},[28,67038,2759],{"class":93},[28,67040,61],{"class":42},[28,67042,3858],{"class":46},[28,67044,358],{"class":42},[28,67046,2759],{"class":93},[28,67048,61],{"class":42},[28,67050,33012],{"class":46},[28,67052,358],{"class":42},[28,67054,2759],{"class":93},[28,67056,61],{"class":42},[28,67058,22320],{"class":46},[28,67060,358],{"class":42},[28,67062,3401],{"class":93},[14,67064,67065,67066,385],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[381,67067,55300,67068,1689],{"href":56548},[25,67069,52432],{},[14,67071,67072,67073,385],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[381,67074,52829],{"href":52828},[172,67076,4290],{"id":4289},[14,67078,14519,67079,385],{},[25,67080,54048],{},[1109,67082,12377,67084],{"id":67083},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[25,67085,54048],{},[14,67087,25479],{},[18,67089,67091],{"className":20,"code":67090,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,67092,67093,67113,67135,67139,67149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67094,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67096,3383],{"class":34},[28,67098,39],{"class":38},[28,67100,3388],{"class":93},[28,67102,2756],{"class":97},[28,67104,2759],{"class":93},[28,67106,2762],{"class":97},[28,67108,2759],{"class":93},[28,67110,2221],{"class":97},[28,67112,3401],{"class":93},[28,67114,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67116,1999],{"class":34},[28,67118,39],{"class":38},[28,67120,4034],{"class":34},[28,67122,385],{"class":93},[28,67124,53731],{"class":120},[28,67126,94],{"class":93},[28,67128,2756],{"class":97},[28,67130,2759],{"class":93},[28,67132,9976],{"class":97},[28,67134,101],{"class":93},[28,67136,67137],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,67138,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,67140,67141,67143,67145,67147],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,67142,115],{"class":114},[28,67144,94],{"class":93},[28,67146,2033],{"class":120},[28,67148,101],{"class":93},[28,67150,67151,67153,67155,67157],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,67152,115],{"class":114},[28,67154,94],{"class":93},[28,67156,3415],{"class":120},[28,67158,101],{"class":93},[14,67160,336],{},[18,67162,67164],{"className":20,"code":67163,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[25,67165,67166,67170],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67167,67168],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67169,11590],{"class":776},[28,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67173,3669],{"class":93},[28,67175,2756],{"class":97},[28,67177,2759],{"class":93},[28,67179,9976],{"class":97},[28,67181,2759],{"class":93},[28,67183,2762],{"class":97},[28,67185,2759],{"class":93},[28,67187,2221],{"class":97},[28,67189,3401],{"class":93},[14,67191,67192,53933,67194,385],{},[25,67193,54048],{},[25,67195,3546],{},[14,67197,16429],{},[18,67199,67201],{"className":20,"code":67200,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[25,67202,67203],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67204,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67206,55670],{"class":34},[28,67208,39],{"class":38},[28,67210,4034],{"class":34},[28,67212,385],{"class":93},[28,67214,53731],{"class":120},[28,67216,94],{"class":93},[28,67218,2756],{"class":97},[28,67220,2759],{"class":93},[28,67222,9976],{"class":97},[28,67224,101],{"class":93},[14,67226,67227],{},"Right:",[18,67229,67231],{"className":20,"code":67230,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[25,67232,67233],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67234,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67236,3415],{"class":34},[28,67238,385],{"class":93},[28,67240,53731],{"class":120},[28,67242,94],{"class":93},[28,67244,2756],{"class":97},[28,67246,2759],{"class":93},[28,67248,9976],{"class":97},[28,67250,101],{"class":93},[1109,67252,67254],{"id":67253},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67256,67257],{},"The correct order is:",[18,67259,67260],{"className":20,"code":66113,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,67261,67262],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67263,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67265,8115],{"class":34},[28,67267,385],{"class":93},[28,67269,53731],{"class":120},[28,67271,94],{"class":93},[28,67273,35635],{"class":120},[28,67275,2759],{"class":93},[28,67277,29297],{"class":120},[28,67279,101],{"class":93},[14,67281,67282],{},"Not:",[18,67284,67286],{"className":20,"code":67285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[25,67287,67288],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67289,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67291,8115],{"class":34},[28,67293,385],{"class":93},[28,67295,53731],{"class":120},[28,67297,94],{"class":93},[28,67299,23098],{"class":120},[28,67301,2759],{"class":93},[28,67303,35610],{"class":120},[28,67305,101],{"class":93},[14,67307,924],{},[18,67309,67310],{"className":20,"code":66155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,67311,67312,67336,67358],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67313,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67315,35880],{"class":34},[28,67317,39],{"class":38},[28,67319,3388],{"class":93},[28,67321,234],{"class":42},[28,67323,381],{"class":46},[28,67325,234],{"class":42},[28,67327,2759],{"class":93},[28,67329,43],{"class":42},[28,67331,9518],{"class":46},[28,67333,234],{"class":42},[28,67335,3401],{"class":93},[28,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67339,35933],{"class":34},[28,67341,385],{"class":93},[28,67343,53731],{"class":120},[28,67345,94],{"class":93},[28,67347,2756],{"class":97},[28,67349,2759],{"class":93},[28,67351,43],{"class":42},[28,67353,4533],{"class":46},[28,67355,234],{"class":42},[28,67357,101],{"class":93},[28,67359,67360,67362,67364,67366],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,67361,115],{"class":114},[28,67363,94],{"class":93},[28,67365,35933],{"class":120},[28,67367,101],{"class":93},[14,67369,336],{},[18,67371,67372],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,67373,67374],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67375,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67377,3669],{"class":93},[28,67379,358],{"class":42},[28,67381,381],{"class":46},[28,67383,358],{"class":42},[28,67385,2759],{"class":93},[28,67387,61],{"class":42},[28,67389,4533],{"class":46},[28,67391,358],{"class":42},[28,67393,2759],{"class":93},[28,67395,61],{"class":42},[28,67397,9518],{"class":46},[28,67399,358],{"class":42},[28,67401,3401],{"class":93},[1109,67403,8230,67405,67407],{"id":67404},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[25,67406,54048],{}," to replace an item",[14,67409,67410,67412],{},[25,67411,54048],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[18,67414,67416],{"className":20,"code":67415,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,67417,67418,67438,67456],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67419,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67421,3383],{"class":34},[28,67423,39],{"class":38},[28,67425,3388],{"class":93},[28,67427,2756],{"class":97},[28,67429,2759],{"class":93},[28,67431,2762],{"class":97},[28,67433,2759],{"class":93},[28,67435,2221],{"class":97},[28,67437,3401],{"class":93},[28,67439,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67441,3415],{"class":34},[28,67443,385],{"class":93},[28,67445,53731],{"class":120},[28,67447,94],{"class":93},[28,67449,2756],{"class":97},[28,67451,2759],{"class":93},[28,67453,9976],{"class":97},[28,67455,101],{"class":93},[28,67457,67458,67460,67462,67464],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,67459,115],{"class":114},[28,67461,94],{"class":93},[28,67463,3415],{"class":120},[28,67465,101],{"class":93},[14,67467,336],{},[18,67469,67471],{"className":20,"code":67470,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[25,67472,67473],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67474,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67476,3669],{"class":93},[28,67478,2756],{"class":97},[28,67480,2759],{"class":93},[28,67482,9976],{"class":97},[28,67484,2759],{"class":93},[28,67486,2762],{"class":97},[28,67488,2759],{"class":93},[28,67490,2221],{"class":97},[28,67492,3401],{"class":93},[14,67494,67495],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[18,67497,67499],{"className":20,"code":67498,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,67500,67501,67521,67535],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67502,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67504,3383],{"class":34},[28,67506,39],{"class":38},[28,67508,3388],{"class":93},[28,67510,2756],{"class":97},[28,67512,2759],{"class":93},[28,67514,2762],{"class":97},[28,67516,2759],{"class":93},[28,67518,2221],{"class":97},[28,67520,3401],{"class":93},[28,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67524,3415],{"class":34},[28,67526,3669],{"class":93},[28,67528,2756],{"class":97},[28,67530,13058],{"class":93},[28,67532,13061],{"class":38},[28,67534,13916],{"class":97},[28,67536,67537,67539,67541,67543],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,67538,115],{"class":114},[28,67540,94],{"class":93},[28,67542,3415],{"class":120},[28,67544,101],{"class":93},[14,67546,336],{},[18,67548,67550],{"className":20,"code":67549,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[25,67551,67552],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67553,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67555,3669],{"class":93},[28,67557,2756],{"class":97},[28,67559,2759],{"class":93},[28,67561,9976],{"class":97},[28,67563,2759],{"class":93},[28,67565,2221],{"class":97},[28,67567,3401],{"class":93},[1109,67569,67571],{"id":67570},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67573,67574,67576],{},[25,67575,54048],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67578,67579],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[18,67581,67583],{"className":20,"code":67582,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,67584,67585,67601,67625],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67586,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67588,3383],{"class":34},[28,67590,39],{"class":38},[28,67592,3388],{"class":93},[28,67594,2756],{"class":97},[28,67596,2759],{"class":93},[28,67598,2226],{"class":97},[28,67600,3401],{"class":93},[28,67602,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67604,3415],{"class":34},[28,67606,385],{"class":93},[28,67608,53731],{"class":120},[28,67610,94],{"class":93},[28,67612,2756],{"class":97},[28,67614,2759],{"class":93},[28,67616,3388],{"class":93},[28,67618,1825],{"class":97},[28,67620,2759],{"class":93},[28,67622,2221],{"class":97},[28,67624,3657],{"class":93},[28,67626,67627,67629,67631,67633],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,67628,115],{"class":114},[28,67630,94],{"class":93},[28,67632,3415],{"class":120},[28,67634,101],{"class":93},[14,67636,336],{},[18,67638,67640],{"className":20,"code":67639,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[25,67641,67642],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67643,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67645,3669],{"class":93},[28,67647,2756],{"class":97},[28,67649,2759],{"class":93},[28,67651,3388],{"class":93},[28,67653,1825],{"class":97},[28,67655,2759],{"class":93},[28,67657,2221],{"class":97},[28,67659,17849],{"class":93},[28,67661,2226],{"class":97},[28,67663,3401],{"class":93},[14,67665,67666,67667,385],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[381,67668,55300,67669,1689],{"href":53124},[25,67670,53226],{},[1109,67672,67674],{"id":67673},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67676,8653,67677,67679],{},[25,67678,54048],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[18,67681,67683],{"className":20,"code":67682,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[25,67684,67685,67695,67709,67727,67741],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67686,67687,67689,67691,67693],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67688,115],{"class":114},[28,67690,94],{"class":93},[28,67692,8115],{"class":120},[28,67694,101],{"class":93},[28,67696,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67698,115],{"class":114},[28,67700,94],{"class":93},[28,67702,10941],{"class":114},[28,67704,94],{"class":93},[28,67706,8115],{"class":120},[28,67708,318],{"class":93},[28,67710,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,67712,115],{"class":114},[28,67714,94],{"class":93},[28,67716,8115],{"class":120},[28,67718,385],{"class":93},[28,67720,53731],{"class":24538},[28,67722,385],{"class":93},[28,67724,34238],{"class":1044},[28,67726,101],{"class":93},[28,67728,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,67730,31943],{"class":114},[28,67732,94],{"class":93},[28,67734,7869],{"class":89},[28,67736,385],{"class":93},[28,67738,53731],{"class":24538},[28,67740,101],{"class":93},[28,67742,67743,67745,67747,67749],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,67744,311],{"class":89},[28,67746,94],{"class":93},[28,67748,8115],{"class":120},[28,67750,101],{"class":93},[14,67752,67753],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[177,67755,67756,67759,67762,67765],{},[180,67757,67758],{},"What is currently in the list",[180,67760,67761],{},"How long the list is",[180,67763,67764],{},"That you are working with a real list",[180,67766,67767],{},"How Python describes the method",[172,67769,4734,67771],{"id":67770},"when-to-use-insert",[25,67772,54048],{},[14,67774,1631,67775,67777],{},[25,67776,54048],{}," when position matters.",[14,67779,36216],{},[177,67781,67782,67785,67788,67791],{},[180,67783,67784],{},"Ordered menus",[180,67786,67787],{},"Rankings or score lists",[180,67789,67790],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[180,67792,67793],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67795,67796,67797,67799,67800,67802,67803,67805],{},"You usually do ",[163,67798,4402],{}," need ",[25,67801,54048],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[25,67804,52432],{}," is simpler.",[14,67807,67808,67809,385],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[381,67810,56934],{"href":56933},[172,67812,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,67814,12487,67816,55249],{"id":67815},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[25,67817,53691],{},[14,67819,67820,67821,385],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[25,67822,3546],{},[1109,67824,67826],{"id":67825},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67828,67829],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1109,67831,4943,67833,67835],{"id":67832},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[25,67834,53691],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67837,67838,67839,67841],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[25,67840,53226],{}," or slicing.",[1109,67843,4953,67845,1323,67847,2262],{"id":67844},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[25,67846,54048],{},[25,67848,52432],{},[14,67850,67851,67853,67854,67856],{},[25,67852,54048],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[25,67855,52432],{}," adds only at the end.",[172,67858,1662],{"id":1661},[177,67860,67861,67867,67873,67877,67881,67885],{},[180,67862,67863],{},[381,67864,55300,67865,1689],{"href":56548},[25,67866,52432],{},[180,67868,67869],{},[381,67870,55300,67871,1689],{"href":53124},[25,67872,53226],{},[180,67874,67875],{},[381,67876,54058],{"href":52828},[180,67878,67879],{},[381,67880,52551],{"href":50758},[180,67882,67883],{},[381,67884,57008],{"href":56933},[180,67886,67887],{},[381,67888,30137,67889,33425],{"href":54076},[25,67890,67891],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1699,67893,67894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":67896},[67897,67899,67900,67901,67907,67914,67923,67925,67934],{"id":66082,"depth":53,"text":67898},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5205,"depth":53,"text":5206},{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":66454,"depth":53,"text":66455,"children":67902},[67903,67904,67905,67906],{"id":66466,"depth":70,"text":66467},{"id":66557,"depth":70,"text":66558},{"id":66643,"depth":70,"text":66644},{"id":66729,"depth":70,"text":66730},{"id":66859,"depth":53,"text":67908,"children":67909},"insert() vs append()",[67910,67912],{"id":66869,"depth":70,"text":67911},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66882,"depth":70,"text":67913},"Use append() when:",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":67915},[67916,67918,67919,67921,67922],{"id":67083,"depth":70,"text":67917},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67253,"depth":70,"text":67254},{"id":67404,"depth":70,"text":67920},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67570,"depth":70,"text":67571},{"id":67673,"depth":70,"text":67674},{"id":67770,"depth":53,"text":67924},"When to use insert()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":67926},[67927,67929,67930,67932],{"id":67815,"depth":70,"text":67928},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67825,"depth":70,"text":67826},{"id":67832,"depth":70,"text":67931},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67844,"depth":70,"text":67933},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65992,"description":67935},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67942,"title":67943,"body":67944,"description":69499,"extension":1730,"meta":69500,"navigation":107,"path":58753,"seo":69501,"stem":69502,"__hash__":69503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67945,"toc":69472},[67946,67952,67961,68010,68012,68020,68026,68028,68046,68052,68057,68060,68063,68078,68080,68132,68134,68142,68150,68157,68159,68165,68230,68232,68240,68242,68261,68264,68315,68319,68324,68351,68353,68361,68364,68433,68435,68450,68456,68460,68469,68472,68527,68529,68537,68540,68542,68587,68589,68597,68603,68605,68613,68616,68618,68657,68659,68698,68703,68705,68707,68742,68745,68747,68785,68789,68795,68797,68848,68850,68858,68865,68868,68889,68892,68947,68958,68960,69021,69023,69032,69039,69045,69048,69051,69108,69111,69124,69131,69137,69143,69145,69158,69161,69258,69260,69277,69280,69362,69364,69386,69393,69399,69401,69405,69411,69417,69422,69426,69429,69435,69442,69444,69469],[10,67947,67949,67950,3428],{"id":67948},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[25,67951,10941],{},[14,67953,67954,67955,67957,67958,67960],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[25,67956,42151],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[25,67959,42151],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[18,67962,67964],{"className":20,"code":67963,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[25,67965,67966,67986,68000],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,67967,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980,67982,67984],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,67969,3383],{"class":34},[28,67971,39],{"class":38},[28,67973,3388],{"class":93},[28,67975,2099],{"class":97},[28,67977,2759],{"class":93},[28,67979,7566],{"class":97},[28,67981,2759],{"class":93},[28,67983,7571],{"class":97},[28,67985,3401],{"class":93},[28,67987,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,67989,41034],{"class":34},[28,67991,39],{"class":38},[28,67993,38178],{"class":114},[28,67995,94],{"class":93},[28,67997,3415],{"class":120},[28,67999,101],{"class":93},[28,68001,68002,68004,68006,68008],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,68003,115],{"class":114},[28,68005,94],{"class":93},[28,68007,41052],{"class":120},[28,68009,101],{"class":93},[14,68011,336],{},[18,68013,68014],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68015,68016],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68017,68018],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68019,46400],{"class":97},[14,68021,1631,68022,68025],{},[25,68023,68024],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[172,68027,175],{"id":174},[177,68029,68030,68035,68040,68043],{},[180,68031,3969,68032,68034],{},[25,68033,42151],{}," works with Python lists",[180,68036,68037,68038,11487],{},"What value ",[25,68039,42151],{},[180,68041,68042],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[180,68044,68045],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[172,68047,3445,68049,68051],{"id":68048},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[25,68050,42151],{}," returns for a list",[14,68053,68054,64864],{},[25,68055,68056],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68058,68059],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68061,68062],{},"A few important points:",[177,68064,68065,68068,68073],{},[180,68066,68067],{},"It counts list items",[180,68069,40698,68070,68072],{},[163,68071,4402],{}," count characters inside a string item",[180,68074,68075,68076],{},"An empty list returns ",[25,68077,1888],{},[14,68079,924],{},[18,68081,68083],{"className":20,"code":68082,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[25,68084,68085,68118],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68086,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68088,3840],{"class":34},[28,68090,39],{"class":38},[28,68092,3388],{"class":93},[28,68094,234],{"class":42},[28,68096,36838],{"class":46},[28,68098,234],{"class":42},[28,68100,2759],{"class":93},[28,68102,43],{"class":42},[28,68104,68105],{"class":46},"elephant",[28,68107,234],{"class":42},[28,68109,2759],{"class":93},[28,68111,43],{"class":42},[28,68113,57907],{"class":46},[28,68115,234],{"class":42},[28,68117,3401],{"class":93},[28,68119,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128,68130],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68121,115],{"class":114},[28,68123,94],{"class":93},[28,68125,10941],{"class":114},[28,68127,94],{"class":93},[28,68129,3884],{"class":120},[28,68131,318],{"class":93},[14,68133,336],{},[18,68135,68136],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68137,68138],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68139,68140],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68141,46400],{"class":97},[14,68143,260,68144,68147,68148,64871],{},[25,68145,68146],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[163,68149,52436],{},[14,68151,68152,68153,385],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[381,68154,858,68155,861],{"href":42148},[25,68156,42151],{},[172,68158,5563],{"id":5562},[14,68160,68161,68162,68164],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[25,68163,42151],{},", and print the result.",[18,68166,68168],{"className":20,"code":68167,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[25,68169,68170,68202,68216,68220],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68171,68172,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68173,12860],{"class":34},[28,68175,39],{"class":38},[28,68177,3388],{"class":93},[28,68179,234],{"class":42},[28,68181,12877],{"class":46},[28,68183,234],{"class":42},[28,68185,2759],{"class":93},[28,68187,43],{"class":42},[28,68189,17242],{"class":46},[28,68191,234],{"class":42},[28,68193,2759],{"class":93},[28,68195,43],{"class":42},[28,68197,12894],{"class":46},[28,68199,234],{"class":42},[28,68201,3401],{"class":93},[28,68203,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212,68214],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68205,41034],{"class":34},[28,68207,39],{"class":38},[28,68209,38178],{"class":114},[28,68211,94],{"class":93},[28,68213,17289],{"class":120},[28,68215,101],{"class":93},[28,68217,68218],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,68219,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,68221,68222,68224,68226,68228],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,68223,115],{"class":114},[28,68225,94],{"class":93},[28,68227,41052],{"class":120},[28,68229,101],{"class":93},[14,68231,336],{},[18,68233,68234],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68235,68236],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68237,68238],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68239,46400],{"class":97},[14,68241,11465],{},[177,68243,68244,68249,68256],{},[180,68245,68246,68248],{},[25,68247,17289],{}," is a list with 3 items",[180,68250,68251,2166,68254],{},[25,68252,68253],{},"len(colors)",[25,68255,1831],{},[180,68257,68258,68259],{},"That value is stored in ",[25,68260,41052],{},[14,68262,68263],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[18,68265,68267],{"className":20,"code":68266,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[25,68268,68269,68301],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68270,68271,68273,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68272,12860],{"class":34},[28,68274,39],{"class":38},[28,68276,3388],{"class":93},[28,68278,234],{"class":42},[28,68280,12877],{"class":46},[28,68282,234],{"class":42},[28,68284,2759],{"class":93},[28,68286,43],{"class":42},[28,68288,17242],{"class":46},[28,68290,234],{"class":42},[28,68292,2759],{"class":93},[28,68294,43],{"class":42},[28,68296,12894],{"class":46},[28,68298,234],{"class":42},[28,68300,3401],{"class":93},[28,68302,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68304,115],{"class":114},[28,68306,94],{"class":93},[28,68308,10941],{"class":114},[28,68310,94],{"class":93},[28,68312,17289],{"class":120},[28,68314,318],{"class":93},[172,68316,68318],{"id":68317},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68320,68321,68322,385],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[25,68323,1888],{},[18,68325,68327],{"className":20,"code":68326,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[25,68328,68329,68337],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68330,68331,68333,68335],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68332,7555],{"class":34},[28,68334,39],{"class":38},[28,68336,7615],{"class":93},[28,68338,68339,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68340,115],{"class":114},[28,68342,94],{"class":93},[28,68344,10941],{"class":114},[28,68346,94],{"class":93},[28,68348,7586],{"class":120},[28,68350,318],{"class":93},[14,68352,336],{},[18,68354,68355],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68356,68357],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68358,68359],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68360,47035],{"class":97},[14,68362,68363],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[18,68365,68367],{"className":20,"code":68366,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[25,68368,68369,68377,68381,68399,68413,68419],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68370,68371,68373,68375],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68372,7555],{"class":34},[28,68374,39],{"class":38},[28,68376,7615],{"class":93},[28,68378,68379],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68380,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,68382,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,68384,6773],{"class":3644},[28,68386,38178],{"class":114},[28,68388,94],{"class":93},[28,68390,7586],{"class":120},[28,68392,3428],{"class":93},[28,68394,38188],{"class":38},[28,68396,3602],{"class":97},[28,68398,6170],{"class":93},[28,68400,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,68402,7844],{"class":114},[28,68404,94],{"class":93},[28,68406,7586],{"class":120},[28,68408,3669],{"class":93},[28,68410,1888],{"class":97},[28,68412,3657],{"class":93},[28,68414,68415,68417],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,68416,27223],{"class":3644},[28,68418,6170],{"class":93},[28,68420,68421,68423,68425,68427,68429,68431],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,68422,7844],{"class":114},[28,68424,94],{"class":93},[28,68426,234],{"class":42},[28,68428,51595],{"class":46},[28,68430,234],{"class":42},[28,68432,101],{"class":93},[14,68434,336],{},[18,68436,68438],{"className":20,"code":68437,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"The list is empty\n",[25,68439,68440],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68441,68442,68444,68446,68448],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68443,679],{"class":34},[28,68445,7869],{"class":89},[28,68447,7872],{"class":38},[28,68449,7878],{"class":34},[14,68451,68452,68453,68455],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[381,68454,52551],{"href":50758}," is a good next step.",[172,68457,68459],{"id":68458},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68461,68462,68464,68465,68468],{},[25,68463,42151],{}," counts only the ",[163,68466,68467],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68470,68471],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[18,68473,68475],{"className":20,"code":68474,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[25,68476,68477,68513],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68478,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68480,8944],{"class":34},[28,68482,39],{"class":38},[28,68484,56074],{"class":93},[28,68486,2756],{"class":97},[28,68488,2759],{"class":93},[28,68490,2762],{"class":97},[28,68492,17849],{"class":93},[28,68494,3388],{"class":93},[28,68496,1831],{"class":97},[28,68498,2759],{"class":93},[28,68500,2226],{"class":97},[28,68502,17849],{"class":93},[28,68504,3388],{"class":93},[28,68506,1905],{"class":97},[28,68508,2759],{"class":93},[28,68510,37435],{"class":97},[28,68512,53022],{"class":93},[28,68514,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68516,115],{"class":114},[28,68518,94],{"class":93},[28,68520,10941],{"class":114},[28,68522,94],{"class":93},[28,68524,8983],{"class":120},[28,68526,318],{"class":93},[14,68528,336],{},[18,68530,68531],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68532,68533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68534,68535],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68536,46400],{"class":97},[14,68538,68539],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68541,51859],{},[18,68543,68545],{"className":20,"code":68544,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[25,68546,68547,68573],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68548,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68550,59253],{"class":34},[28,68552,39],{"class":38},[28,68554,3388],{"class":93},[28,68556,2756],{"class":97},[28,68558,2759],{"class":93},[28,68560,3388],{"class":93},[28,68562,1825],{"class":97},[28,68564,2759],{"class":93},[28,68566,2221],{"class":97},[28,68568,17849],{"class":93},[28,68570,2226],{"class":97},[28,68572,3401],{"class":93},[28,68574,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68576,115],{"class":114},[28,68578,94],{"class":93},[28,68580,10941],{"class":114},[28,68582,94],{"class":93},[28,68584,59306],{"class":120},[28,68586,318],{"class":93},[14,68588,336],{},[18,68590,68591],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68592,68593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68594,68595],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68596,46400],{"class":97},[14,68598,260,68599,68602],{},[25,68600,68601],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[172,68604,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,68606,8194,68608,10871,68611],{"id":68607},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[25,68609,68610],{},"my_list.len()",[25,68612,68056],{},[14,68614,68615],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68617,16429],{},[18,68619,68621],{"className":20,"code":68620,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[25,68622,68623,68643],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68624,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68626,3383],{"class":34},[28,68628,39],{"class":38},[28,68630,3388],{"class":93},[28,68632,2099],{"class":97},[28,68634,2759],{"class":93},[28,68636,7566],{"class":97},[28,68638,2759],{"class":93},[28,68640,7571],{"class":97},[28,68642,3401],{"class":93},[28,68644,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68646,115],{"class":114},[28,68648,94],{"class":93},[28,68650,3415],{"class":120},[28,68652,385],{"class":93},[28,68654,10941],{"class":120},[28,68656,6970],{"class":93},[14,68658,16441],{},[18,68660,68662],{"className":20,"code":68661,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[25,68663,68664,68684],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68665,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68667,3383],{"class":34},[28,68669,39],{"class":38},[28,68671,3388],{"class":93},[28,68673,2099],{"class":97},[28,68675,2759],{"class":93},[28,68677,7566],{"class":97},[28,68679,2759],{"class":93},[28,68681,7571],{"class":97},[28,68683,3401],{"class":93},[28,68685,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68687,115],{"class":114},[28,68689,94],{"class":93},[28,68691,10941],{"class":114},[28,68693,94],{"class":93},[28,68695,3415],{"class":120},[28,68697,318],{"class":93},[14,68699,68700,68702],{},[25,68701,42151],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1109,68704,25476],{"id":25475},[14,68706,16429],{},[18,68708,68710],{"className":20,"code":68709,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[25,68711,68712,68732],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68713,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68715,3383],{"class":34},[28,68717,39],{"class":38},[28,68719,3388],{"class":93},[28,68721,2099],{"class":97},[28,68723,2759],{"class":93},[28,68725,7566],{"class":97},[28,68727,2759],{"class":93},[28,68729,7571],{"class":97},[28,68731,3401],{"class":93},[28,68733,68734,68736,68738,68740],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68735,115],{"class":114},[28,68737,94],{"class":93},[28,68739,10941],{"class":114},[28,68741,101],{"class":93},[14,68743,68744],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68746,16441],{},[18,68748,68749],{"className":20,"code":68661,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68750,68751,68771],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68752,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68754,3383],{"class":34},[28,68756,39],{"class":38},[28,68758,3388],{"class":93},[28,68760,2099],{"class":97},[28,68762,2759],{"class":93},[28,68764,7566],{"class":97},[28,68766,2759],{"class":93},[28,68768,7571],{"class":97},[28,68770,3401],{"class":93},[28,68772,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68774,115],{"class":114},[28,68776,94],{"class":93},[28,68778,10941],{"class":114},[28,68780,94],{"class":93},[28,68782,3415],{"class":120},[28,68784,318],{"class":93},[1109,68786,68788],{"id":68787},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68790,68791,68792,68794],{},"The length of a list is ",[163,68793,4402],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68796,924],{},[18,68798,68800],{"className":20,"code":68799,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[25,68801,68802,68834],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68803,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68805,35880],{"class":34},[28,68807,39],{"class":38},[28,68809,3388],{"class":93},[28,68811,234],{"class":42},[28,68813,381],{"class":46},[28,68815,234],{"class":42},[28,68817,2759],{"class":93},[28,68819,43],{"class":42},[28,68821,4533],{"class":46},[28,68823,234],{"class":42},[28,68825,2759],{"class":93},[28,68827,43],{"class":42},[28,68829,9518],{"class":46},[28,68831,234],{"class":42},[28,68833,3401],{"class":93},[28,68835,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68837,115],{"class":114},[28,68839,94],{"class":93},[28,68841,10941],{"class":114},[28,68843,94],{"class":93},[28,68845,35933],{"class":120},[28,68847,318],{"class":93},[14,68849,336],{},[18,68851,68852],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,68853,68854],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68855,68856],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68857,46400],{"class":97},[14,68859,68860,68861,18751,68863,385],{},"But the last index is ",[25,68862,1825],{},[25,68864,1831],{},[14,68866,68867],{},"Indexes are:",[177,68869,68870,68877,68883],{},[180,68871,68872,68874,68875],{},[25,68873,1888],{}," for ",[25,68876,17883],{},[180,68878,68879,68874,68881],{},[25,68880,2756],{},[25,68882,65374],{},[180,68884,68885,68874,68887],{},[25,68886,1825],{},[25,68888,66260],{},[14,68890,68891],{},"So this causes an error:",[18,68893,68895],{"className":20,"code":68894,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[25,68896,68897,68929],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68898,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68900,35880],{"class":34},[28,68902,39],{"class":38},[28,68904,3388],{"class":93},[28,68906,234],{"class":42},[28,68908,381],{"class":46},[28,68910,234],{"class":42},[28,68912,2759],{"class":93},[28,68914,43],{"class":42},[28,68916,4533],{"class":46},[28,68918,234],{"class":42},[28,68920,2759],{"class":93},[28,68922,43],{"class":42},[28,68924,9518],{"class":46},[28,68926,234],{"class":42},[28,68928,3401],{"class":93},[28,68930,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,68932,115],{"class":114},[28,68934,94],{"class":93},[28,68936,35933],{"class":120},[28,68938,3669],{"class":93},[28,68940,10941],{"class":114},[28,68942,94],{"class":93},[28,68944,35933],{"class":120},[28,68946,10459],{"class":93},[14,68948,8273,68949,4556,68952,68954,68955,68957],{},[25,68950,68951],{},"len(letters)",[25,68953,1831],{},", and index ",[25,68956,1831],{}," does not exist.",[14,68959,18628],{},[18,68961,68963],{"className":20,"code":68962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[25,68964,68965,68997],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,68966,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,68968,35880],{"class":34},[28,68970,39],{"class":38},[28,68972,3388],{"class":93},[28,68974,234],{"class":42},[28,68976,381],{"class":46},[28,68978,234],{"class":42},[28,68980,2759],{"class":93},[28,68982,43],{"class":42},[28,68984,4533],{"class":46},[28,68986,234],{"class":42},[28,68988,2759],{"class":93},[28,68990,43],{"class":42},[28,68992,9518],{"class":46},[28,68994,234],{"class":42},[28,68996,3401],{"class":93},[28,68998,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69000,115],{"class":114},[28,69002,94],{"class":93},[28,69004,35933],{"class":120},[28,69006,3669],{"class":93},[28,69008,10941],{"class":114},[28,69010,94],{"class":93},[28,69012,35933],{"class":120},[28,69014,3428],{"class":93},[28,69016,1991],{"class":38},[28,69018,5273],{"class":97},[28,69020,3657],{"class":93},[14,69022,336],{},[18,69024,69026],{"className":20,"code":69025,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"c\n",[25,69027,69028],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69029,69030],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69031,69025],{"class":34},[14,69033,69034,69035,385],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[381,69036,69038],{"href":69037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1109,69040,8194,69042,69044],{"id":69041},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[25,69043,42151],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69046,69047],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69049,69050],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[18,69052,69054],{"className":20,"code":69053,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[25,69055,69056,69066,69080,69094],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69057,69058,69060,69062,69064],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69059,115],{"class":114},[28,69061,94],{"class":93},[28,69063,8115],{"class":120},[28,69065,101],{"class":93},[28,69067,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69069,115],{"class":114},[28,69071,94],{"class":93},[28,69073,10941],{"class":114},[28,69075,94],{"class":93},[28,69077,8115],{"class":120},[28,69079,318],{"class":93},[28,69081,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69083,115],{"class":114},[28,69085,94],{"class":93},[28,69087,311],{"class":89},[28,69089,94],{"class":93},[28,69091,8115],{"class":120},[28,69093,318],{"class":93},[28,69095,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,69097,115],{"class":114},[28,69099,94],{"class":93},[28,69101,8115],{"class":120},[28,69103,3669],{"class":93},[28,69105,1888],{"class":97},[28,69107,3657],{"class":93},[14,69109,69110],{},"These help you verify:",[177,69112,69113,69116,69118,69121],{},[180,69114,69115],{},"what the variable contains",[180,69117,60563],{},[180,69119,69120],{},"whether it is really a list",[180,69122,69123],{},"what the first item is",[14,69125,69126,69127,69130],{},"Be careful with ",[25,69128,69129],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[172,69132,4734,69134,69136],{"id":69133},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[25,69135,42151],{}," with lists",[14,69138,69139,69140,69142],{},"You will often use ",[25,69141,42151],{}," in real programs.",[14,69144,9152],{},[177,69146,69147,69149,69152,69155],{},[180,69148,51549],{},[180,69150,69151],{},"Control loops",[180,69153,69154],{},"Validate input or results",[180,69156,69157],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69159,69160],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[18,69162,69164],{"className":20,"code":69163,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[25,69165,69166,69186,69202,69206,69220,69234],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69167,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69169,885],{"class":34},[28,69171,39],{"class":38},[28,69173,3388],{"class":93},[28,69175,2756],{"class":97},[28,69177,2759],{"class":93},[28,69179,2762],{"class":97},[28,69181,2759],{"class":93},[28,69183,2221],{"class":97},[28,69185,3401],{"class":93},[28,69187,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69189,899],{"class":34},[28,69191,39],{"class":38},[28,69193,3388],{"class":93},[28,69195,2099],{"class":97},[28,69197,2759],{"class":93},[28,69199,7566],{"class":97},[28,69201,3401],{"class":93},[28,69203,69204],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69205,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69207,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,69209,115],{"class":114},[28,69211,94],{"class":93},[28,69213,10941],{"class":114},[28,69215,94],{"class":93},[28,69217,381],{"class":120},[28,69219,318],{"class":93},[28,69221,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,69223,115],{"class":114},[28,69225,94],{"class":93},[28,69227,10941],{"class":114},[28,69229,94],{"class":93},[28,69231,4533],{"class":120},[28,69233,318],{"class":93},[28,69235,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,69237,115],{"class":114},[28,69239,94],{"class":93},[28,69241,10941],{"class":114},[28,69243,94],{"class":93},[28,69245,381],{"class":120},[28,69247,3428],{"class":93},[28,69249,38188],{"class":38},[28,69251,38178],{"class":114},[28,69253,94],{"class":93},[28,69255,4533],{"class":120},[28,69257,318],{"class":93},[14,69259,336],{},[18,69261,69263],{"className":20,"code":69262,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[25,69264,69265,69269,69273],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69266,69267],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69268,46400],{"class":97},[28,69270,69271],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69272,16842],{"class":97},[28,69274,69275],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69276,3749],{"class":776},[14,69278,69279],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[18,69281,69283],{"className":20,"code":69282,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[25,69284,69285,69317,69321,69343],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69286,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69288,4768],{"class":34},[28,69290,39],{"class":38},[28,69292,3388],{"class":93},[28,69294,234],{"class":42},[28,69296,12664],{"class":46},[28,69298,234],{"class":42},[28,69300,2759],{"class":93},[28,69302,43],{"class":42},[28,69304,35730],{"class":46},[28,69306,234],{"class":42},[28,69308,2759],{"class":93},[28,69310,43],{"class":42},[28,69312,35739],{"class":46},[28,69314,234],{"class":42},[28,69316,3401],{"class":93},[28,69318,69319],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69320,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69322,69323,69325,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69324,5734],{"class":3644},[28,69326,69327],{"class":34}," i ",[28,69329,3651],{"class":3644},[28,69331,53850],{"class":114},[28,69333,94],{"class":93},[28,69335,10941],{"class":114},[28,69337,94],{"class":93},[28,69339,4811],{"class":120},[28,69341,69342],{"class":93},")):\n",[28,69344,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69356,69358,69360],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,69346,7844],{"class":114},[28,69348,94],{"class":93},[28,69350,35944],{"class":120},[28,69352,2759],{"class":93},[28,69354,69355],{"class":120}," names",[28,69357,3669],{"class":93},[28,69359,35944],{"class":120},[28,69361,3657],{"class":93},[14,69363,336],{},[18,69365,69366],{"className":20,"code":35788,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,69367,69368,69374,69380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69369,69370,69372],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69371,1888],{"class":97},[28,69373,35797],{"class":34},[28,69375,69376,69378],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69377,2756],{"class":97},[28,69379,35804],{"class":34},[28,69381,69382,69384],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69383,1825],{"class":97},[28,69385,35811],{"class":34},[14,69387,69388,69389,385],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[381,69390,69392],{"href":69391},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69394,69395,69396,69398],{},"You can also read ",[381,69397,51326],{"href":51325}," for a task-focused guide.",[172,69400,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,69402,69404],{"id":69403},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69406,1631,69407,69410],{},[25,69408,69409],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1109,69412,4915,69414,12499],{"id":69413},"what-does-len-return",[25,69415,69416],{},"len([])",[14,69418,4921,69419,69421],{},[25,69420,1888],{}," because the list is empty.",[1109,69423,69425],{"id":69424},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69427,69428],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1109,69430,28118,69432,69434],{"id":69431},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[25,69433,68610],{}," in Python?",[14,69436,30060,69437,7998,69439,69441],{},[25,69438,68056],{},[25,69440,42151],{}," is a built-in function.",[172,69443,1662],{"id":1661},[177,69445,69446,69452,69456,69460,69464],{},[180,69447,69448],{},[381,69449,858,69450,861],{"href":42148},[25,69451,42151],{},[180,69453,69454],{},[381,69455,52370],{"href":51325},[180,69457,69458],{},[381,69459,52551],{"href":50758},[180,69461,69462],{},[381,69463,69038],{"href":69037},[180,69465,69466],{},[381,69467,69468],{"href":69391},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1699,69470,69471],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":69473},[69474,69475,69477,69478,69479,69480,69488,69490,69498],{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":68048,"depth":53,"text":69476},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":68317,"depth":53,"text":68318},{"id":68458,"depth":53,"text":68459},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":69481},[69482,69484,69485,69486],{"id":68607,"depth":70,"text":69483},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25475,"depth":70,"text":25476},{"id":68787,"depth":70,"text":68788},{"id":69041,"depth":70,"text":69487},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69133,"depth":53,"text":69489},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":69491},[69492,69493,69495,69496],{"id":69403,"depth":70,"text":69404},{"id":69413,"depth":70,"text":69494},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69424,"depth":70,"text":69425},{"id":69431,"depth":70,"text":69497},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67943,"description":69499},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69505,"title":69506,"body":69507,"description":71489,"extension":1730,"meta":71490,"navigation":107,"path":71491,"seo":71492,"stem":71493,"__hash__":71494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69508,"toc":71462},[69509,69512,69517,69520,69528,69541,69543,69608,69610,69632,69637,69641,69646,69654,69656,69666,69668,69749,69751,69781,69783,69802,69807,69824,69826,69910,69912,69942,69947,69951,69957,70041,70043,70073,70076,70080,70083,70174,70176,70214,70217,70302,70304,70334,70340,70347,70351,70356,70365,70367,70452,70454,70483,70486,70494,70498,70502,70511,70534,70536,70558,70560,70574,70576,70636,70640,70645,70684,70686,70703,70705,70715,70814,70819,70823,70828,70871,70873,70901,70903,70917,70992,70994,71016,71020,71023,71028,71039,71044,71052,71055,71126,71128,71153,71210,71212,71233,71242,71250,71255,71257,71262,71283,71286,71361,71364,71378,71385,71387,71391,71397,71401,71411,71415,71422,71426,71432,71434,71459],[10,69510,69506],{"id":69511},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69513,69514,69516],{},[25,69515,54862],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69518,69519],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[177,69521,69522,69525],{},[180,69523,69524],{},"delete an item from a list",[180,69526,69527],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69529,69530,69531,69533,69534,8482,69536,69540],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[25,69532,12546],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[25,69535,12546],{},[381,69537,69538],{"href":54852},[25,69539,55309],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[172,69542,1771],{"id":1770},[18,69544,69546],{"className":20,"code":69545,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,69547,69548,69568,69583,69587,69598],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69549,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69551,3383],{"class":34},[28,69553,39],{"class":38},[28,69555,3388],{"class":93},[28,69557,2099],{"class":97},[28,69559,2759],{"class":93},[28,69561,7566],{"class":97},[28,69563,2759],{"class":93},[28,69565,7571],{"class":97},[28,69567,3401],{"class":93},[28,69569,69570,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69571,69572],{"class":34},"last_item ",[28,69574,39],{"class":38},[28,69576,4034],{"class":34},[28,69578,385],{"class":93},[28,69580,26030],{"class":120},[28,69582,8420],{"class":93},[28,69584,69585],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69586,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69588,69589,69591,69593,69596],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,69590,115],{"class":114},[28,69592,94],{"class":93},[28,69594,69595],{"class":120},"last_item",[28,69597,101],{"class":93},[28,69599,69600,69602,69604,69606],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,69601,115],{"class":114},[28,69603,94],{"class":93},[28,69605,3415],{"class":120},[28,69607,101],{"class":93},[14,69609,336],{},[18,69611,69613],{"className":20,"code":69612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[25,69614,69615,69620],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69616,69617],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69618,69619],{"class":97},"30\n",[28,69621,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69623,3669],{"class":93},[28,69625,2099],{"class":97},[28,69627,2759],{"class":93},[28,69629,7566],{"class":97},[28,69631,3401],{"class":93},[14,69633,1631,69634,69636],{},[25,69635,12546],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[172,69638,69640],{"id":69639},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69642,69643,69645],{},[25,69644,12546],{}," has two main jobs:",[177,69647,69648,69651],{},[180,69649,69650],{},"It removes one item from a list",[180,69652,69653],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69655,43438],{},[177,69657,69658,69661,69664],{},[180,69659,69660],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[180,69662,69663],{},"It changes the original list",[180,69665,52525],{},[14,69667,924],{},[18,69669,69671],{"className":20,"code":69670,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[25,69672,69673,69705,69709,69724,69728,69739],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69674,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69676,12860],{"class":34},[28,69678,39],{"class":38},[28,69680,3388],{"class":93},[28,69682,234],{"class":42},[28,69684,12877],{"class":46},[28,69686,234],{"class":42},[28,69688,2759],{"class":93},[28,69690,43],{"class":42},[28,69692,17242],{"class":46},[28,69694,234],{"class":42},[28,69696,2759],{"class":93},[28,69698,43],{"class":42},[28,69700,12894],{"class":46},[28,69702,234],{"class":42},[28,69704,3401],{"class":93},[28,69706,69707],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69708,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69710,69711,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69712,69713],{"class":34},"removed ",[28,69715,39],{"class":38},[28,69717,12908],{"class":34},[28,69719,385],{"class":93},[28,69721,26030],{"class":120},[28,69723,8420],{"class":93},[28,69725,69726],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,69727,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69729,69730,69732,69734,69737],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,69731,115],{"class":114},[28,69733,94],{"class":93},[28,69735,69736],{"class":120},"removed",[28,69738,101],{"class":93},[28,69740,69741,69743,69745,69747],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,69742,115],{"class":114},[28,69744,94],{"class":93},[28,69746,17289],{"class":120},[28,69748,101],{"class":93},[14,69750,336],{},[18,69752,69754],{"className":20,"code":69753,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[25,69755,69756,69761],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69757,69758],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69759,69760],{"class":34},"blue\n",[28,69762,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69764,3669],{"class":93},[28,69766,358],{"class":42},[28,69768,12877],{"class":46},[28,69770,358],{"class":42},[28,69772,2759],{"class":93},[28,69774,61],{"class":42},[28,69776,17242],{"class":46},[28,69778,358],{"class":42},[28,69780,3401],{"class":93},[172,69782,1927],{"id":1926},[18,69784,69786],{"className":20,"code":69785,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list.pop([index])\n",[25,69787,69788],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69789,69790,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69791,7869],{"class":89},[28,69793,385],{"class":93},[28,69795,26030],{"class":120},[28,69797,2753],{"class":93},[28,69799,35635],{"class":120},[28,69801,3657],{"class":93},[14,69803,679,69804,69806],{},[25,69805,35635],{}," is optional.",[177,69808,69809,69815,69821],{},[180,69810,69811,69812,69814],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[25,69813,12546],{}," removes the last item",[180,69816,69817,69818,69820],{},"If you give an index, ",[25,69819,12546],{}," removes the item at that position",[180,69822,69823],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69825,924],{},[18,69827,69829],{"className":20,"code":69828,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[25,69830,69831,69863,69867,69886,69890,69900],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69832,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69834,35880],{"class":34},[28,69836,39],{"class":38},[28,69838,3388],{"class":93},[28,69840,234],{"class":42},[28,69842,381],{"class":46},[28,69844,234],{"class":42},[28,69846,2759],{"class":93},[28,69848,43],{"class":42},[28,69850,4533],{"class":46},[28,69852,234],{"class":42},[28,69854,2759],{"class":93},[28,69856,43],{"class":42},[28,69858,9518],{"class":46},[28,69860,234],{"class":42},[28,69862,3401],{"class":93},[28,69864,69865],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69866,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69868,69869,69871,69873,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,69870,28328],{"class":34},[28,69872,39],{"class":38},[28,69874,69875],{"class":34}," letters",[28,69877,385],{"class":93},[28,69879,26030],{"class":120},[28,69881,94],{"class":93},[28,69883,2756],{"class":97},[28,69885,101],{"class":93},[28,69887,69888],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,69889,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,69891,69892,69894,69896,69898],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,69893,115],{"class":114},[28,69895,94],{"class":93},[28,69897,23098],{"class":120},[28,69899,101],{"class":93},[28,69901,69902,69904,69906,69908],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,69903,115],{"class":114},[28,69905,94],{"class":93},[28,69907,35933],{"class":120},[28,69909,101],{"class":93},[14,69911,336],{},[18,69913,69915],{"className":20,"code":69914,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[25,69916,69917,69922],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69918,69919],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69920,69921],{"class":34},"b\n",[28,69923,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,69925,3669],{"class":93},[28,69927,358],{"class":42},[28,69929,381],{"class":46},[28,69931,358],{"class":42},[28,69933,2759],{"class":93},[28,69935,61],{"class":42},[28,69937,9518],{"class":46},[28,69939,358],{"class":42},[28,69941,3401],{"class":93},[14,69943,69944,69945,385],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[381,69946,52551],{"href":50758},[172,69948,69950],{"id":69949},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69952,69953,69954,69956],{},"When you call ",[25,69955,12546],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[18,69958,69960],{"className":20,"code":69959,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[25,69961,69962,69997,70001,70016,70020,70031],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,69963,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69975,69977,69979,69981,69984,69986,69988,69990,69993,69995],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,69965,29687],{"class":34},[28,69967,39],{"class":38},[28,69969,3388],{"class":93},[28,69971,234],{"class":42},[28,69973,69974],{"class":46},"write",[28,69976,234],{"class":42},[28,69978,2759],{"class":93},[28,69980,43],{"class":42},[28,69982,69983],{"class":46},"test",[28,69985,234],{"class":42},[28,69987,2759],{"class":93},[28,69989,43],{"class":42},[28,69991,69992],{"class":46},"submit",[28,69994,234],{"class":42},[28,69996,3401],{"class":93},[28,69998,69999],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70000,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70002,70003,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70004,70005],{"class":34},"last_task ",[28,70007,39],{"class":38},[28,70009,29765],{"class":34},[28,70011,385],{"class":93},[28,70013,26030],{"class":120},[28,70015,8420],{"class":93},[28,70017,70018],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70019,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70021,70022,70024,70026,70029],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70023,115],{"class":114},[28,70025,94],{"class":93},[28,70027,70028],{"class":120},"last_task",[28,70030,101],{"class":93},[28,70032,70033,70035,70037,70039],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,70034,115],{"class":114},[28,70036,94],{"class":93},[28,70038,36296],{"class":120},[28,70040,101],{"class":93},[14,70042,336],{},[18,70044,70046],{"className":20,"code":70045,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[25,70047,70048,70053],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70049,70050],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70051,70052],{"class":34},"submit\n",[28,70054,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70056,3669],{"class":93},[28,70058,358],{"class":42},[28,70060,69974],{"class":46},[28,70062,358],{"class":42},[28,70064,2759],{"class":93},[28,70066,61],{"class":42},[28,70068,69983],{"class":46},[28,70070,358],{"class":42},[28,70072,3401],{"class":93},[14,70074,70075],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[172,70077,70079],{"id":70078},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70081,70082],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[18,70084,70086],{"className":20,"code":70085,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[25,70087,70088,70128,70132,70150,70154,70164],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70089,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70091,36029],{"class":34},[28,70093,39],{"class":38},[28,70095,3388],{"class":93},[28,70097,234],{"class":42},[28,70099,3849],{"class":46},[28,70101,234],{"class":42},[28,70103,2759],{"class":93},[28,70105,43],{"class":42},[28,70107,3858],{"class":46},[28,70109,234],{"class":42},[28,70111,2759],{"class":93},[28,70113,43],{"class":42},[28,70115,3867],{"class":46},[28,70117,234],{"class":42},[28,70119,2759],{"class":93},[28,70121,43],{"class":42},[28,70123,33012],{"class":46},[28,70125,234],{"class":42},[28,70127,3401],{"class":93},[28,70129,70130],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70131,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70133,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70135,69713],{"class":34},[28,70137,39],{"class":38},[28,70139,52631],{"class":34},[28,70141,385],{"class":93},[28,70143,26030],{"class":120},[28,70145,94],{"class":93},[28,70147,2756],{"class":97},[28,70149,101],{"class":93},[28,70151,70152],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70153,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70155,70156,70158,70160,70162],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70157,115],{"class":114},[28,70159,94],{"class":93},[28,70161,69736],{"class":120},[28,70163,101],{"class":93},[28,70165,70166,70168,70170,70172],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,70167,115],{"class":114},[28,70169,94],{"class":93},[28,70171,36081],{"class":120},[28,70173,101],{"class":93},[14,70175,336],{},[18,70177,70179],{"className":20,"code":70178,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[25,70180,70181,70186],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70182,70183],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70184,70185],{"class":34},"banana\n",[28,70187,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70189,3669],{"class":93},[28,70191,358],{"class":42},[28,70193,3849],{"class":46},[28,70195,358],{"class":42},[28,70197,2759],{"class":93},[28,70199,61],{"class":42},[28,70201,3867],{"class":46},[28,70203,358],{"class":42},[28,70205,2759],{"class":93},[28,70207,61],{"class":42},[28,70209,33012],{"class":46},[28,70211,358],{"class":42},[28,70213,3401],{"class":93},[14,70215,70216],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[18,70218,70220],{"className":20,"code":70219,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[25,70221,70222,70254,70258,70278,70282,70292],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70223,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70225,36029],{"class":34},[28,70227,39],{"class":38},[28,70229,3388],{"class":93},[28,70231,234],{"class":42},[28,70233,3849],{"class":46},[28,70235,234],{"class":42},[28,70237,2759],{"class":93},[28,70239,43],{"class":42},[28,70241,3858],{"class":46},[28,70243,234],{"class":42},[28,70245,2759],{"class":93},[28,70247,43],{"class":42},[28,70249,3867],{"class":46},[28,70251,234],{"class":42},[28,70253,3401],{"class":93},[28,70255,70256],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70257,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70259,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70261,69713],{"class":34},[28,70263,39],{"class":38},[28,70265,52631],{"class":34},[28,70267,385],{"class":93},[28,70269,26030],{"class":120},[28,70271,94],{"class":93},[28,70273,1790],{"class":38},[28,70275,2756],{"class":97},[28,70277,101],{"class":93},[28,70279,70280],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70281,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70283,70284,70286,70288,70290],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70285,115],{"class":114},[28,70287,94],{"class":93},[28,70289,69736],{"class":120},[28,70291,101],{"class":93},[28,70293,70294,70296,70298,70300],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,70295,115],{"class":114},[28,70297,94],{"class":93},[28,70299,36081],{"class":120},[28,70301,101],{"class":93},[14,70303,336],{},[18,70305,70307],{"className":20,"code":70306,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[25,70308,70309,70314],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70310,70311],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70312,70313],{"class":34},"cherry\n",[28,70315,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70317,3669],{"class":93},[28,70319,358],{"class":42},[28,70321,3849],{"class":46},[28,70323,358],{"class":42},[28,70325,2759],{"class":93},[28,70327,61],{"class":42},[28,70329,3858],{"class":46},[28,70331,358],{"class":42},[28,70333,3401],{"class":93},[14,70335,70336,70337,70339],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[25,70338,65633],{}," means the last item.",[14,70341,70342,70343,385],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[381,70344,70345,1689],{"href":58745},[25,70346,64644],{},[172,70348,70350],{"id":70349},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70352,70353,70355],{},[25,70354,12546],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70357,70358,70359,1323,70361,385],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[25,70360,12546],{},[381,70362,70363],{"href":54852},[25,70364,55309],{},[14,70366,924],{},[18,70368,70370],{"className":20,"code":70369,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[25,70371,70372,70404,70408,70427,70431,70442],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70373,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70375,4768],{"class":34},[28,70377,39],{"class":38},[28,70379,3388],{"class":93},[28,70381,234],{"class":42},[28,70383,12664],{"class":46},[28,70385,234],{"class":42},[28,70387,2759],{"class":93},[28,70389,43],{"class":42},[28,70391,35730],{"class":46},[28,70393,234],{"class":42},[28,70395,2759],{"class":93},[28,70397,43],{"class":42},[28,70399,35739],{"class":46},[28,70401,234],{"class":42},[28,70403,3401],{"class":93},[28,70405,70406],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70407,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70409,70410,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70411,70412],{"class":34},"removed_name ",[28,70414,39],{"class":38},[28,70416,69355],{"class":34},[28,70418,385],{"class":93},[28,70420,26030],{"class":120},[28,70422,94],{"class":93},[28,70424,1888],{"class":97},[28,70426,101],{"class":93},[28,70428,70429],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70430,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70432,70433,70435,70437,70440],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70434,115],{"class":114},[28,70436,94],{"class":93},[28,70438,70439],{"class":120},"removed_name",[28,70441,101],{"class":93},[28,70443,70444,70446,70448,70450],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,70445,115],{"class":114},[28,70447,94],{"class":93},[28,70449,4811],{"class":120},[28,70451,101],{"class":93},[14,70453,336],{},[18,70455,70457],{"className":20,"code":70456,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[25,70458,70459,70463],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70460,70461],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70462,49821],{"class":34},[28,70464,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70466,3669],{"class":93},[28,70468,358],{"class":42},[28,70470,35730],{"class":46},[28,70472,358],{"class":42},[28,70474,2759],{"class":93},[28,70476,61],{"class":42},[28,70478,35739],{"class":46},[28,70480,358],{"class":42},[28,70482,3401],{"class":93},[14,70484,70485],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70487,70488,70489,70491,70492,385],{},"By comparison, ",[25,70490,55309],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[25,70493,3546],{},[172,70495,70497],{"id":70496},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1109,70499,70501],{"id":70500},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70503,70504,70505,70507,70508,385],{},"If the list is empty, ",[25,70506,12546],{}," raises an ",[25,70509,70510],{},"IndexError",[18,70512,70514],{"className":20,"code":70513,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[25,70515,70516,70524],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70517,70518,70520,70522],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70519,7555],{"class":34},[28,70521,39],{"class":38},[28,70523,7615],{"class":93},[28,70525,70526,70528,70530,70532],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70527,7586],{"class":34},[28,70529,385],{"class":93},[28,70531,26030],{"class":120},[28,70533,8420],{"class":93},[14,70535,336],{},[18,70537,70539],{"className":20,"code":70538,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[25,70540,70541],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70542,70543,70545,70547,70550,70553,70556],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70544,70510],{"class":89},[28,70546,271],{"class":93},[28,70548,70549],{"class":34}," pop ",[28,70551,70552],{"class":3644},"from",[28,70554,70555],{"class":34}," empty ",[28,70557,49667],{"class":89},[14,70559,39054],{},[177,70561,70562,70567],{},[180,70563,70564,70565],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[25,70566,12546],{},[180,70568,70569,70570,1323,70572],{},"Or handle the error with ",[25,70571,29593],{},[25,70573,29624],{},[14,70575,924],{},[18,70577,70579],{"className":20,"code":70578,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[25,70580,70581,70589,70593,70601,70615,70621],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70582,70583,70585,70587],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70584,7555],{"class":34},[28,70586,39],{"class":38},[28,70588,7615],{"class":93},[28,70590,70591],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70592,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70594,70595,70597,70599],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70596,6773],{"class":3644},[28,70598,5742],{"class":34},[28,70600,6170],{"class":93},[28,70602,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70604,7844],{"class":114},[28,70606,94],{"class":93},[28,70608,7586],{"class":120},[28,70610,385],{"class":93},[28,70612,26030],{"class":120},[28,70614,6970],{"class":93},[28,70616,70617,70619],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70618,27223],{"class":3644},[28,70620,6170],{"class":93},[28,70622,70623,70625,70627,70629,70632,70634],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,70624,7844],{"class":114},[28,70626,94],{"class":93},[28,70628,234],{"class":42},[28,70630,70631],{"class":46},"The list is empty.",[28,70633,234],{"class":42},[28,70635,101],{"class":93},[1109,70637,70639],{"id":70638},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70641,70642,70643,385],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[25,70644,70510],{},[18,70646,70648],{"className":20,"code":70647,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[25,70649,70650,70670],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70651,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70653,3383],{"class":34},[28,70655,39],{"class":38},[28,70657,3388],{"class":93},[28,70659,2099],{"class":97},[28,70661,2759],{"class":93},[28,70663,7566],{"class":97},[28,70665,2759],{"class":93},[28,70667,7571],{"class":97},[28,70669,3401],{"class":93},[28,70671,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70673,3415],{"class":34},[28,70675,385],{"class":93},[28,70677,26030],{"class":120},[28,70679,94],{"class":93},[28,70681,1905],{"class":97},[28,70683,101],{"class":93},[14,70685,336],{},[18,70687,70689],{"className":20,"code":70688,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[25,70690,70691],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70692,70693,70695,70697,70700],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70694,70510],{"class":89},[28,70696,271],{"class":93},[28,70698,70699],{"class":34}," pop index out of ",[28,70701,70702],{"class":114},"range\n",[14,70704,39054],{},[177,70706,70707,70712],{},[180,70708,70709,70710],{},"Check the list length with ",[25,70711,42151],{},[180,70713,70714],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[18,70716,70718],{"className":20,"code":70717,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[25,70719,70720,70740,70749,70753,70775,70793,70799],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70721,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70723,3383],{"class":34},[28,70725,39],{"class":38},[28,70727,3388],{"class":93},[28,70729,2099],{"class":97},[28,70731,2759],{"class":93},[28,70733,7566],{"class":97},[28,70735,2759],{"class":93},[28,70737,7571],{"class":97},[28,70739,3401],{"class":93},[28,70741,70742,70745,70747],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70743,70744],{"class":34},"index ",[28,70746,39],{"class":38},[28,70748,45377],{"class":97},[28,70750,70751],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70752,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70754,70755,70757,70759,70762,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70756,6773],{"class":3644},[28,70758,3602],{"class":97},[28,70760,70761],{"class":38}," \u003C=",[28,70763,70764],{"class":34}," index ",[28,70766,346],{"class":38},[28,70768,38178],{"class":114},[28,70770,94],{"class":93},[28,70772,3415],{"class":120},[28,70774,8118],{"class":93},[28,70776,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70778,7844],{"class":114},[28,70780,94],{"class":93},[28,70782,3415],{"class":120},[28,70784,385],{"class":93},[28,70786,26030],{"class":120},[28,70788,94],{"class":93},[28,70790,35635],{"class":120},[28,70792,318],{"class":93},[28,70794,70795,70797],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,70796,27223],{"class":3644},[28,70798,6170],{"class":93},[28,70800,70801,70803,70805,70807,70810,70812],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,70802,7844],{"class":114},[28,70804,94],{"class":93},[28,70806,234],{"class":42},[28,70808,70809],{"class":46},"Index is out of range.",[28,70811,234],{"class":42},[28,70813,101],{"class":93},[14,70815,70816,70817,385],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[381,70818,69038],{"href":69037},[1109,70820,70822],{"id":70821},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70824,70825,70827],{},[25,70826,12546],{}," expects an integer index.",[18,70829,70831],{"className":20,"code":70830,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[25,70832,70833,70853],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70834,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70836,3383],{"class":34},[28,70838,39],{"class":38},[28,70840,3388],{"class":93},[28,70842,2099],{"class":97},[28,70844,2759],{"class":93},[28,70846,7566],{"class":97},[28,70848,2759],{"class":93},[28,70850,7571],{"class":97},[28,70852,3401],{"class":93},[28,70854,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70856,3415],{"class":34},[28,70858,385],{"class":93},[28,70860,26030],{"class":120},[28,70862,94],{"class":93},[28,70864,234],{"class":42},[28,70866,2756],{"class":46},[28,70868,234],{"class":42},[28,70870,101],{"class":93},[14,70872,336],{},[18,70874,70876],{"className":20,"code":70875,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[25,70877,70878],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70879,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70895,70898],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70881,2775],{"class":89},[28,70883,271],{"class":93},[28,70885,61],{"class":42},[28,70887,355],{"class":46},[28,70889,358],{"class":42},[28,70891,24405],{"class":89},[28,70893,70894],{"class":34}," cannot be interpreted ",[28,70896,70897],{"class":3644},"as",[28,70899,70900],{"class":34}," an integer\n",[14,70902,39054],{},[177,70904,70905,70914],{},[180,70906,70907,70908,1959,70910,1963,70912],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[25,70909,1888],{},[25,70911,2756],{},[25,70913,65633],{},[180,70915,70916],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[18,70918,70920],{"className":20,"code":70919,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,70921,70922,70942,70960,70964,70982],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,70923,70924,70926,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,70925,3383],{"class":34},[28,70927,39],{"class":38},[28,70929,3388],{"class":93},[28,70931,2099],{"class":97},[28,70933,2759],{"class":93},[28,70935,7566],{"class":97},[28,70937,2759],{"class":93},[28,70939,7571],{"class":97},[28,70941,3401],{"class":93},[28,70943,70944,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,70945,70744],{"class":34},[28,70947,39],{"class":38},[28,70949,45064],{"class":89},[28,70951,94],{"class":93},[28,70953,234],{"class":42},[28,70955,2756],{"class":46},[28,70957,234],{"class":42},[28,70959,101],{"class":93},[28,70961,70962],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,70963,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,70965,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,70967,115],{"class":114},[28,70969,94],{"class":93},[28,70971,3415],{"class":120},[28,70973,385],{"class":93},[28,70975,26030],{"class":120},[28,70977,94],{"class":93},[28,70979,35635],{"class":120},[28,70981,318],{"class":93},[28,70983,70984,70986,70988,70990],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,70985,115],{"class":114},[28,70987,94],{"class":93},[28,70989,3415],{"class":120},[28,70991,101],{"class":93},[14,70993,336],{},[18,70995,70997],{"className":20,"code":70996,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[25,70998,70999,71004],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71000,71001],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71002,71003],{"class":97},"20\n",[28,71005,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71007,3669],{"class":93},[28,71009,2099],{"class":97},[28,71011,2759],{"class":93},[28,71013,7571],{"class":97},[28,71015,3401],{"class":93},[172,71017,71019],{"id":71018},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71021,71022],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1109,71024,1631,71026,10381],{"id":71025},"use-pop-when",[25,71027,12546],{},[177,71029,71030,71033,71036],{},[180,71031,71032],{},"you want to remove by index",[180,71034,71035],{},"you want the removed item returned",[180,71037,71038],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1109,71040,1631,71042,10381],{"id":71041},"use-remove-when",[25,71043,55309],{},[177,71045,71046,71049],{},[180,71047,71048],{},"you want to remove by value",[180,71050,71051],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71053,71054],{},"Compare these examples:",[18,71056,71058],{"className":20,"code":71057,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,71059,71060,71084,71088,71106,71116],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71061,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71063,3383],{"class":34},[28,71065,39],{"class":38},[28,71067,3388],{"class":93},[28,71069,2099],{"class":97},[28,71071,2759],{"class":93},[28,71073,7566],{"class":97},[28,71075,2759],{"class":93},[28,71077,7571],{"class":97},[28,71079,2759],{"class":93},[28,71081,7566],{"class":97},[28,71083,3401],{"class":93},[28,71085,71086],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71087,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,71089,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71091,69713],{"class":34},[28,71093,39],{"class":38},[28,71095,4034],{"class":34},[28,71097,385],{"class":93},[28,71099,26030],{"class":120},[28,71101,94],{"class":93},[28,71103,2756],{"class":97},[28,71105,101],{"class":93},[28,71107,71108,71110,71112,71114],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,71109,115],{"class":114},[28,71111,94],{"class":93},[28,71113,69736],{"class":120},[28,71115,101],{"class":93},[28,71117,71118,71120,71122,71124],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,71119,115],{"class":114},[28,71121,94],{"class":93},[28,71123,3415],{"class":120},[28,71125,101],{"class":93},[14,71127,336],{},[18,71129,71131],{"className":20,"code":71130,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[25,71132,71133,71137],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71134,71135],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71136,71003],{"class":97},[28,71138,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71140,3669],{"class":93},[28,71142,2099],{"class":97},[28,71144,2759],{"class":93},[28,71146,7571],{"class":97},[28,71148,2759],{"class":93},[28,71150,7566],{"class":97},[28,71152,3401],{"class":93},[18,71154,71156],{"className":20,"code":71155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,71157,71158,71182,71186,71200],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71161,3383],{"class":34},[28,71163,39],{"class":38},[28,71165,3388],{"class":93},[28,71167,2099],{"class":97},[28,71169,2759],{"class":93},[28,71171,7566],{"class":97},[28,71173,2759],{"class":93},[28,71175,7571],{"class":97},[28,71177,2759],{"class":93},[28,71179,7566],{"class":97},[28,71181,3401],{"class":93},[28,71183,71184],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71185,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,71187,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71189,3415],{"class":34},[28,71191,385],{"class":93},[28,71193,34584],{"class":120},[28,71195,94],{"class":93},[28,71197,15539],{"class":97},[28,71199,101],{"class":93},[28,71201,71202,71204,71206,71208],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,71203,115],{"class":114},[28,71205,94],{"class":93},[28,71207,3415],{"class":120},[28,71209,101],{"class":93},[14,71211,336],{},[18,71213,71215],{"className":20,"code":71214,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[25,71216,71217],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71218,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71220,3669],{"class":93},[28,71222,2099],{"class":97},[28,71224,2759],{"class":93},[28,71226,7571],{"class":97},[28,71228,2759],{"class":93},[28,71230,7566],{"class":97},[28,71232,3401],{"class":93},[14,71234,71235,71236,71239,71240,385],{},"In the first example, ",[25,71237,71238],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[25,71241,2756],{},[14,71243,56384,71244,71247,71248,385],{},[25,71245,71246],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[25,71249,15539],{},[14,71251,71252,71253,385],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[381,71254,54848],{"href":54847},[172,71256,1104],{"id":1103},[14,71258,71259,71260,271],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[25,71261,12546],{},[177,71263,71264,71267,71270,71276,71280],{},[180,71265,71266],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[180,71268,71269],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[180,71271,36995,71272,8482,71274],{},[25,71273,12546],{},[25,71275,55309],{},[180,71277,8230,71278,61751],{},[25,71279,12546],{},[180,71281,71282],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71284,71285],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[18,71287,71289],{"className":20,"code":71288,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[25,71290,71291,71301,71315,71329,71347],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71292,71293,71295,71297,71299],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71294,115],{"class":114},[28,71296,94],{"class":93},[28,71298,8115],{"class":120},[28,71300,101],{"class":93},[28,71302,71303,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71304,115],{"class":114},[28,71306,94],{"class":93},[28,71308,10941],{"class":114},[28,71310,94],{"class":93},[28,71312,8115],{"class":120},[28,71314,318],{"class":93},[28,71316,71317,71319,71321,71323,71325,71327],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71318,115],{"class":114},[28,71320,94],{"class":93},[28,71322,8115],{"class":120},[28,71324,385],{"class":93},[28,71326,26030],{"class":120},[28,71328,6970],{"class":93},[28,71330,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339,71341,71343,71345],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,71332,115],{"class":114},[28,71334,94],{"class":93},[28,71336,8115],{"class":120},[28,71338,385],{"class":93},[28,71340,26030],{"class":120},[28,71342,94],{"class":93},[28,71344,1888],{"class":97},[28,71346,318],{"class":93},[28,71348,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,71350,115],{"class":114},[28,71352,94],{"class":93},[28,71354,311],{"class":89},[28,71356,94],{"class":93},[28,71358,35635],{"class":120},[28,71360,318],{"class":93},[14,71362,71363],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[177,71365,71366,71372],{},[180,71367,71368,71371],{},[25,71369,71370],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[180,71373,71374,71377],{},[25,71375,71376],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71379,71380,71381,71384],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[25,71382,71383],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[172,71386,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,71388,71390],{"id":71389},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71392,71393,71394,71396],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[25,71395,12546],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1109,71398,71400],{"id":71399},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71402,71403,71405,71406,71408,71409,385],{},[25,71404,12546],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[25,71407,55309],{}," removes by value and returns ",[25,71410,3546],{},[1109,71412,71414],{"id":71413},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71416,71417,71418,71421],{},"Yes. For example, ",[25,71419,71420],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1109,71423,71425],{"id":71424},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71427,71428,71429,71431],{},"Python raises ",[25,71430,70510],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[172,71433,1662],{"id":1661},[177,71435,71436,71440,71445,71450,71455],{},[180,71437,71438],{},[381,71439,55295],{"href":54847},[180,71441,71442],{},[381,71443,71444],{"href":54852},"Python list remove() method",[180,71446,71447],{},[381,71448,71449],{"href":58745},"Python list index() method",[180,71451,71452],{},[381,71453,71454],{"href":50758},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[180,71456,71457],{},[381,71458,69038],{"href":69037},[1699,71460,71461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":71463},[71464,71465,71466,71467,71468,71469,71470,71475,71481,71482,71488],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":69639,"depth":53,"text":69640},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":69949,"depth":53,"text":69950},{"id":70078,"depth":53,"text":70079},{"id":70349,"depth":53,"text":70350},{"id":70496,"depth":53,"text":70497,"children":71471},[71472,71473,71474],{"id":70500,"depth":70,"text":70501},{"id":70638,"depth":70,"text":70639},{"id":70821,"depth":70,"text":70822},{"id":71018,"depth":53,"text":71019,"children":71476},[71477,71479],{"id":71025,"depth":70,"text":71478},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71041,"depth":70,"text":71480},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":71483},[71484,71485,71486,71487],{"id":71389,"depth":70,"text":71390},{"id":71399,"depth":70,"text":71400},{"id":71413,"depth":70,"text":71414},{"id":71424,"depth":70,"text":71425},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69506,"description":71489},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71496,"title":71497,"body":71498,"description":73284,"extension":1730,"meta":73285,"navigation":107,"path":73286,"seo":73287,"stem":73288,"__hash__":73289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71499,"toc":73266},[71500,71503,71508,71514,71516,71586,71592,71596,71601,71622,71625,71692,71694,71715,71723,71725,71744,71760,71762,71827,71829,71854,71856,71858,71923,71925,71950,71952,71966,71969,72022,72024,72045,72049,72057,72130,72132,72165,72171,72177,72268,72270,72295,72301,72390,72392,72416,72418,72422,72477,72479,72511,72514,72517,72611,72613,72646,72652,72658,72662,72669,72695,72699,72764,72766,72791,72795,72876,72878,72907,72912,72917,72923,72927,72934,72956,72960,73019,73021,73045,73054,73059,73061,73065,73094,73096,73171,73174,73188,73194,73196,73200,73203,73207,73212,73216,73225,73229,73237,73239,73263],[10,71501,71497],{"id":71502},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71504,679,71505,71507],{},[25,71506,54855],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71509,71510,71511,71513],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[163,71512,2242],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[172,71515,1771],{"id":1770},[18,71517,71519],{"className":20,"code":71518,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[25,71520,71521,71553,71571,71581],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71522,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547,71549,71551],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71524,7555],{"class":34},[28,71526,39],{"class":38},[28,71528,3388],{"class":93},[28,71530,234],{"class":42},[28,71532,3849],{"class":46},[28,71534,234],{"class":42},[28,71536,2759],{"class":93},[28,71538,43],{"class":42},[28,71540,3858],{"class":46},[28,71542,234],{"class":42},[28,71544,2759],{"class":93},[28,71546,43],{"class":42},[28,71548,33012],{"class":46},[28,71550,234],{"class":42},[28,71552,3401],{"class":93},[28,71554,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563,71565,71567,71569],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71556,7586],{"class":34},[28,71558,385],{"class":93},[28,71560,34584],{"class":120},[28,71562,94],{"class":93},[28,71564,234],{"class":42},[28,71566,3858],{"class":46},[28,71568,234],{"class":42},[28,71570,101],{"class":93},[28,71572,71573,71575,71577,71579],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71574,115],{"class":114},[28,71576,94],{"class":93},[28,71578,7586],{"class":120},[28,71580,101],{"class":93},[28,71582,71583],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,71584,71585],{"class":1006},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71587,1631,71588,71591],{},[25,71589,71590],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[172,71593,71595],{"id":71594},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71597,71598,71600],{},[25,71599,55309],{}," is a list method that:",[177,71602,71603,71609,71614,71619],{},[180,71604,71605,71606,71608],{},"Deletes the ",[163,71607,29698],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[180,71610,71611,71612],{},"Changes the original list ",[163,71613,11114],{},[180,71615,12487,71616,71618],{},[163,71617,4402],{}," return a new list",[180,71620,71621],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71623,71624],{},"This is important for beginners:",[18,71626,71628],{"className":20,"code":71627,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[25,71629,71630,71650,71668,71672,71682],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71631,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71633,3383],{"class":34},[28,71635,39],{"class":38},[28,71637,3388],{"class":93},[28,71639,2756],{"class":97},[28,71641,2759],{"class":93},[28,71643,2762],{"class":97},[28,71645,2759],{"class":93},[28,71647,2221],{"class":97},[28,71649,3401],{"class":93},[28,71651,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71653,1999],{"class":34},[28,71655,39],{"class":38},[28,71657,4034],{"class":34},[28,71659,385],{"class":93},[28,71661,34584],{"class":120},[28,71663,94],{"class":93},[28,71665,1825],{"class":97},[28,71667,101],{"class":93},[28,71669,71670],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71671,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,71673,71674,71676,71678,71680],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,71675,115],{"class":114},[28,71677,94],{"class":93},[28,71679,3415],{"class":120},[28,71681,101],{"class":93},[28,71683,71684,71686,71688,71690],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,71685,115],{"class":114},[28,71687,94],{"class":93},[28,71689,2033],{"class":120},[28,71691,101],{"class":93},[14,71693,336],{},[18,71695,71697],{"className":20,"code":71696,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[25,71698,71699,71711],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71700,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71702,3669],{"class":93},[28,71704,2756],{"class":97},[28,71706,2759],{"class":93},[28,71708,2221],{"class":97},[28,71710,3401],{"class":93},[28,71712,71713],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71714,11590],{"class":776},[14,71716,71717,71718,71720,71721,385],{},"The list changed, but ",[25,71719,55309],{}," itself returned ",[25,71722,3546],{},[172,71724,5206],{"id":5205},[18,71726,71728],{"className":20,"code":71727,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list.remove(value)\n",[25,71729,71730],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71731,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71733,7869],{"class":89},[28,71735,385],{"class":93},[28,71737,34584],{"class":120},[28,71739,94],{"class":93},[28,71741,2242],{"class":120},[28,71743,101],{"class":93},[177,71745,71746,71751,71754],{},[180,71747,71748,71750],{},[25,71749,2242],{}," is the item you want to delete",[180,71752,71753],{},"Python searches from left to right",[180,71755,71756,71757,71759],{},"Only the ",[163,71758,29698],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71761,924],{},[18,71763,71765],{"className":20,"code":71764,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,71766,71767,71799,71817],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71768,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71770,35880],{"class":34},[28,71772,39],{"class":38},[28,71774,3388],{"class":93},[28,71776,234],{"class":42},[28,71778,381],{"class":46},[28,71780,234],{"class":42},[28,71782,2759],{"class":93},[28,71784,43],{"class":42},[28,71786,4533],{"class":46},[28,71788,234],{"class":42},[28,71790,2759],{"class":93},[28,71792,43],{"class":42},[28,71794,9518],{"class":46},[28,71796,234],{"class":42},[28,71798,3401],{"class":93},[28,71800,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71802,35933],{"class":34},[28,71804,385],{"class":93},[28,71806,34584],{"class":120},[28,71808,94],{"class":93},[28,71810,234],{"class":42},[28,71812,4533],{"class":46},[28,71814,234],{"class":42},[28,71816,101],{"class":93},[28,71818,71819,71821,71823,71825],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71820,115],{"class":114},[28,71822,94],{"class":93},[28,71824,35933],{"class":120},[28,71826,101],{"class":93},[14,71828,336],{},[18,71830,71832],{"className":20,"code":71831,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['a', 'c']\n",[25,71833,71834],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71835,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850,71852],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71837,3669],{"class":93},[28,71839,358],{"class":42},[28,71841,381],{"class":46},[28,71843,358],{"class":42},[28,71845,2759],{"class":93},[28,71847,61],{"class":42},[28,71849,9518],{"class":46},[28,71851,358],{"class":42},[28,71853,3401],{"class":93},[172,71855,5563],{"id":5562},[14,71857,64953],{},[18,71859,71861],{"className":20,"code":71860,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[25,71862,71863,71895,71913],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71864,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71866,12860],{"class":34},[28,71868,39],{"class":38},[28,71870,3388],{"class":93},[28,71872,234],{"class":42},[28,71874,12877],{"class":46},[28,71876,234],{"class":42},[28,71878,2759],{"class":93},[28,71880,43],{"class":42},[28,71882,12894],{"class":46},[28,71884,234],{"class":42},[28,71886,2759],{"class":93},[28,71888,43],{"class":42},[28,71890,17242],{"class":46},[28,71892,234],{"class":42},[28,71894,3401],{"class":93},[28,71896,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,71898,17289],{"class":34},[28,71900,385],{"class":93},[28,71902,34584],{"class":120},[28,71904,94],{"class":93},[28,71906,234],{"class":42},[28,71908,12894],{"class":46},[28,71910,234],{"class":42},[28,71912,101],{"class":93},[28,71914,71915,71917,71919,71921],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,71916,115],{"class":114},[28,71918,94],{"class":93},[28,71920,17289],{"class":120},[28,71922,101],{"class":93},[14,71924,336],{},[18,71926,71928],{"className":20,"code":71927,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['red', 'green']\n",[25,71929,71930],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71931,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71933,3669],{"class":93},[28,71935,358],{"class":42},[28,71937,12877],{"class":46},[28,71939,358],{"class":42},[28,71941,2759],{"class":93},[28,71943,61],{"class":42},[28,71945,17242],{"class":46},[28,71947,358],{"class":42},[28,71949,3401],{"class":93},[14,71951,11465],{},[177,71953,71954,71957,71963],{},[180,71955,71956],{},"A list is created with three values",[180,71958,71959,71962],{},[25,71960,71961],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[180,71964,71965],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71967,71968],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[18,71970,71972],{"className":20,"code":71971,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[25,71973,71974,71998,72012],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,71975,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,71977,4836],{"class":34},[28,71979,39],{"class":38},[28,71981,3388],{"class":93},[28,71983,2099],{"class":97},[28,71985,2759],{"class":93},[28,71987,7566],{"class":97},[28,71989,2759],{"class":93},[28,71991,7571],{"class":97},[28,71993,2759],{"class":93},[28,71995,50623],{"class":97},[28,71997,3401],{"class":93},[28,71999,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72001,16174],{"class":34},[28,72003,385],{"class":93},[28,72005,34584],{"class":120},[28,72007,94],{"class":93},[28,72009,36632],{"class":97},[28,72011,101],{"class":93},[28,72013,72014,72016,72018,72020],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72015,115],{"class":114},[28,72017,94],{"class":93},[28,72019,16174],{"class":120},[28,72021,101],{"class":93},[14,72023,336],{},[18,72025,72027],{"className":20,"code":72026,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[25,72028,72029],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72030,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72032,3669],{"class":93},[28,72034,2099],{"class":97},[28,72036,2759],{"class":93},[28,72038,7566],{"class":97},[28,72040,2759],{"class":93},[28,72042,50623],{"class":97},[28,72044,3401],{"class":93},[172,72046,72048],{"id":72047},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72050,64943,72051,72053,72054,72056],{},[25,72052,55309],{}," deletes only the ",[163,72055,29698],{}," one.",[18,72058,72060],{"className":20,"code":72059,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[25,72061,72062,72102,72120],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72065,7555],{"class":34},[28,72067,39],{"class":38},[28,72069,3388],{"class":93},[28,72071,234],{"class":42},[28,72073,3849],{"class":46},[28,72075,234],{"class":42},[28,72077,2759],{"class":93},[28,72079,43],{"class":42},[28,72081,3858],{"class":46},[28,72083,234],{"class":42},[28,72085,2759],{"class":93},[28,72087,43],{"class":42},[28,72089,3849],{"class":46},[28,72091,234],{"class":42},[28,72093,2759],{"class":93},[28,72095,43],{"class":42},[28,72097,33012],{"class":46},[28,72099,234],{"class":42},[28,72101,3401],{"class":93},[28,72103,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72105,7586],{"class":34},[28,72107,385],{"class":93},[28,72109,34584],{"class":120},[28,72111,94],{"class":93},[28,72113,234],{"class":42},[28,72115,3849],{"class":46},[28,72117,234],{"class":42},[28,72119,101],{"class":93},[28,72121,72122,72124,72126,72128],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72123,115],{"class":114},[28,72125,94],{"class":93},[28,72127,7586],{"class":120},[28,72129,101],{"class":93},[14,72131,336],{},[18,72133,72135],{"className":20,"code":72134,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[25,72136,72137],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72138,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72140,3669],{"class":93},[28,72142,358],{"class":42},[28,72144,3858],{"class":46},[28,72146,358],{"class":42},[28,72148,2759],{"class":93},[28,72150,61],{"class":42},[28,72152,3849],{"class":46},[28,72154,358],{"class":42},[28,72156,2759],{"class":93},[28,72158,61],{"class":42},[28,72160,33012],{"class":46},[28,72162,358],{"class":42},[28,72164,3401],{"class":93},[14,72166,72167,72168,72170],{},"Only the first ",[25,72169,57613],{}," was removed.",[14,72172,72173,72174,72176],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[25,72175,55309],{}," again:",[18,72178,72180],{"className":20,"code":72179,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[25,72181,72182,72222,72240,72258],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72183,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72185,7555],{"class":34},[28,72187,39],{"class":38},[28,72189,3388],{"class":93},[28,72191,234],{"class":42},[28,72193,3849],{"class":46},[28,72195,234],{"class":42},[28,72197,2759],{"class":93},[28,72199,43],{"class":42},[28,72201,3858],{"class":46},[28,72203,234],{"class":42},[28,72205,2759],{"class":93},[28,72207,43],{"class":42},[28,72209,3849],{"class":46},[28,72211,234],{"class":42},[28,72213,2759],{"class":93},[28,72215,43],{"class":42},[28,72217,33012],{"class":46},[28,72219,234],{"class":42},[28,72221,3401],{"class":93},[28,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72225,7586],{"class":34},[28,72227,385],{"class":93},[28,72229,34584],{"class":120},[28,72231,94],{"class":93},[28,72233,234],{"class":42},[28,72235,3849],{"class":46},[28,72237,234],{"class":42},[28,72239,101],{"class":93},[28,72241,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72243,7586],{"class":34},[28,72245,385],{"class":93},[28,72247,34584],{"class":120},[28,72249,94],{"class":93},[28,72251,234],{"class":42},[28,72253,3849],{"class":46},[28,72255,234],{"class":42},[28,72257,101],{"class":93},[28,72259,72260,72262,72264,72266],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,72261,115],{"class":114},[28,72263,94],{"class":93},[28,72265,7586],{"class":120},[28,72267,101],{"class":93},[14,72269,336],{},[18,72271,72273],{"className":20,"code":72272,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[25,72274,72275],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72276,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72278,3669],{"class":93},[28,72280,358],{"class":42},[28,72282,3858],{"class":46},[28,72284,358],{"class":42},[28,72286,2759],{"class":93},[28,72288,61],{"class":42},[28,72290,33012],{"class":46},[28,72292,358],{"class":42},[28,72294,3401],{"class":93},[14,72296,72297,72298,72300],{},"If you need to remove ",[163,72299,3484],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[18,72302,72304],{"className":20,"code":72303,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[25,72305,72306,72346,72380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72307,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72309,7555],{"class":34},[28,72311,39],{"class":38},[28,72313,3388],{"class":93},[28,72315,234],{"class":42},[28,72317,3849],{"class":46},[28,72319,234],{"class":42},[28,72321,2759],{"class":93},[28,72323,43],{"class":42},[28,72325,3858],{"class":46},[28,72327,234],{"class":42},[28,72329,2759],{"class":93},[28,72331,43],{"class":42},[28,72333,3849],{"class":46},[28,72335,234],{"class":42},[28,72337,2759],{"class":93},[28,72339,43],{"class":42},[28,72341,33012],{"class":46},[28,72343,234],{"class":42},[28,72345,3401],{"class":93},[28,72347,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72365,72367,72369,72372,72374,72376,72378],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72349,7555],{"class":34},[28,72351,39],{"class":38},[28,72353,3388],{"class":93},[28,72355,28328],{"class":34},[28,72357,5734],{"class":3644},[28,72359,5737],{"class":34},[28,72361,3651],{"class":3644},[28,72363,72364],{"class":34}," items ",[28,72366,6773],{"class":3644},[28,72368,5737],{"class":34},[28,72370,72371],{"class":38},"!=",[28,72373,43],{"class":42},[28,72375,3849],{"class":46},[28,72377,234],{"class":42},[28,72379,3401],{"class":93},[28,72381,72382,72384,72386,72388],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72383,115],{"class":114},[28,72385,94],{"class":93},[28,72387,7586],{"class":120},[28,72389,101],{"class":93},[14,72391,336],{},[18,72393,72394],{"className":20,"code":72272,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,72395,72396],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72397,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72399,3669],{"class":93},[28,72401,358],{"class":42},[28,72403,3858],{"class":46},[28,72405,358],{"class":42},[28,72407,2759],{"class":93},[28,72409,61],{"class":42},[28,72411,33012],{"class":46},[28,72413,358],{"class":42},[28,72415,3401],{"class":93},[172,72417,65409],{"id":65408},[14,72419,65412,72420,385],{},[25,72421,40496],{},[18,72423,72425],{"className":20,"code":72424,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[25,72426,72427,72459],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72428,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72430,7555],{"class":34},[28,72432,39],{"class":38},[28,72434,3388],{"class":93},[28,72436,234],{"class":42},[28,72438,3849],{"class":46},[28,72440,234],{"class":42},[28,72442,2759],{"class":93},[28,72444,43],{"class":42},[28,72446,3858],{"class":46},[28,72448,234],{"class":42},[28,72450,2759],{"class":93},[28,72452,43],{"class":42},[28,72454,33012],{"class":46},[28,72456,234],{"class":42},[28,72458,3401],{"class":93},[28,72460,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72462,7586],{"class":34},[28,72464,385],{"class":93},[28,72466,34584],{"class":120},[28,72468,94],{"class":93},[28,72470,234],{"class":42},[28,72472,22320],{"class":46},[28,72474,234],{"class":42},[28,72476,101],{"class":93},[14,72478,336],{},[18,72480,72482],{"className":20,"code":72481,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[25,72483,72484],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72485,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72487,40496],{"class":89},[28,72489,271],{"class":93},[28,72491,22347],{"class":89},[28,72493,385],{"class":93},[28,72495,34584],{"class":120},[28,72497,94],{"class":93},[28,72499,1944],{"class":120},[28,72501,16237],{"class":93},[28,72503,3648],{"class":34},[28,72505,4402],{"class":38},[28,72507,20961],{"class":38},[28,72509,72510],{"class":89}," list\n",[14,72512,72513],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72515,72516],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[18,72518,72520],{"className":20,"code":72519,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,72521,72522,72554,72566,72570,72582,72597,72601],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72523,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72525,7555],{"class":34},[28,72527,39],{"class":38},[28,72529,3388],{"class":93},[28,72531,234],{"class":42},[28,72533,3849],{"class":46},[28,72535,234],{"class":42},[28,72537,2759],{"class":93},[28,72539,43],{"class":42},[28,72541,3858],{"class":46},[28,72543,234],{"class":42},[28,72545,2759],{"class":93},[28,72547,43],{"class":42},[28,72549,33012],{"class":46},[28,72551,234],{"class":42},[28,72553,3401],{"class":93},[28,72555,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72557,2216],{"class":34},[28,72559,39],{"class":38},[28,72561,43],{"class":42},[28,72563,22320],{"class":46},[28,72565,50],{"class":42},[28,72567,72568],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72569,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,72571,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,72573,6773],{"class":3644},[28,72575,21372],{"class":34},[28,72577,3651],{"class":38},[28,72579,5742],{"class":34},[28,72581,6170],{"class":93},[28,72583,72584,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,72585,72586],{"class":34},"    items",[28,72588,385],{"class":93},[28,72590,34584],{"class":120},[28,72592,94],{"class":93},[28,72594,2242],{"class":120},[28,72596,101],{"class":93},[28,72598,72599],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,72600,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,72602,72603,72605,72607,72609],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,72604,115],{"class":114},[28,72606,94],{"class":93},[28,72608,7586],{"class":120},[28,72610,101],{"class":93},[14,72612,336],{},[18,72614,72616],{"className":20,"code":72615,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[25,72617,72618],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72619,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72621,3669],{"class":93},[28,72623,358],{"class":42},[28,72625,3849],{"class":46},[28,72627,358],{"class":42},[28,72629,2759],{"class":93},[28,72631,61],{"class":42},[28,72633,3858],{"class":46},[28,72635,358],{"class":42},[28,72637,2759],{"class":93},[28,72639,61],{"class":42},[28,72641,33012],{"class":46},[28,72643,358],{"class":42},[28,72645,3401],{"class":93},[14,72647,72648,72649,72651],{},"This avoids the error because ",[25,72650,55309],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72653,72654,72655,385],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[381,72656,65618],{"href":72657},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[172,72659,72661],{"id":72660},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72663,72664,1323,72666,72668],{},[25,72665,55309],{},[25,72667,12546],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[177,72670,72671,72678,72684,72690],{},[180,72672,72673,72675,72676],{},[25,72674,55309],{}," deletes by ",[163,72677,2242],{},[180,72679,72680,72675,72682],{},[25,72681,12546],{},[163,72683,35635],{},[180,72685,72686,2166,72688],{},[25,72687,55309],{},[25,72689,3546],{},[180,72691,72692,72694],{},[25,72693,12546],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72696,45827,72697,271],{},[25,72698,55309],{},[18,72700,72702],{"className":20,"code":72701,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[25,72703,72704,72736,72754],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72705,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72707,7555],{"class":34},[28,72709,39],{"class":38},[28,72711,3388],{"class":93},[28,72713,234],{"class":42},[28,72715,3849],{"class":46},[28,72717,234],{"class":42},[28,72719,2759],{"class":93},[28,72721,43],{"class":42},[28,72723,3858],{"class":46},[28,72725,234],{"class":42},[28,72727,2759],{"class":93},[28,72729,43],{"class":42},[28,72731,33012],{"class":46},[28,72733,234],{"class":42},[28,72735,3401],{"class":93},[28,72737,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72739,7586],{"class":34},[28,72741,385],{"class":93},[28,72743,34584],{"class":120},[28,72745,94],{"class":93},[28,72747,234],{"class":42},[28,72749,3858],{"class":46},[28,72751,234],{"class":42},[28,72753,101],{"class":93},[28,72755,72756,72758,72760,72762],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72757,115],{"class":114},[28,72759,94],{"class":93},[28,72761,7586],{"class":120},[28,72763,101],{"class":93},[14,72765,336],{},[18,72767,72769],{"className":20,"code":72768,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[25,72770,72771],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72772,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72774,3669],{"class":93},[28,72776,358],{"class":42},[28,72778,3849],{"class":46},[28,72780,358],{"class":42},[28,72782,2759],{"class":93},[28,72784,61],{"class":42},[28,72786,33012],{"class":46},[28,72788,358],{"class":42},[28,72790,3401],{"class":93},[14,72792,45827,72793,271],{},[25,72794,12546],{},[18,72796,72798],{"className":20,"code":72797,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[25,72799,72800,72832,72851,72855,72865],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72801,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72803,7555],{"class":34},[28,72805,39],{"class":38},[28,72807,3388],{"class":93},[28,72809,234],{"class":42},[28,72811,3849],{"class":46},[28,72813,234],{"class":42},[28,72815,2759],{"class":93},[28,72817,43],{"class":42},[28,72819,3858],{"class":46},[28,72821,234],{"class":42},[28,72823,2759],{"class":93},[28,72825,43],{"class":42},[28,72827,33012],{"class":46},[28,72829,234],{"class":42},[28,72831,3401],{"class":93},[28,72833,72834,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72835,72836],{"class":34},"removed_item ",[28,72838,39],{"class":38},[28,72840,5742],{"class":34},[28,72842,385],{"class":93},[28,72844,26030],{"class":120},[28,72846,94],{"class":93},[28,72848,2756],{"class":97},[28,72850,101],{"class":93},[28,72852,72853],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,72854,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,72856,72857,72859,72861,72863],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,72858,115],{"class":114},[28,72860,94],{"class":93},[28,72862,7586],{"class":120},[28,72864,101],{"class":93},[28,72866,72867,72869,72871,72874],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,72868,115],{"class":114},[28,72870,94],{"class":93},[28,72872,72873],{"class":120},"removed_item",[28,72875,101],{"class":93},[14,72877,336],{},[18,72879,72881],{"className":20,"code":72880,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[25,72882,72883,72903],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72884,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72886,3669],{"class":93},[28,72888,358],{"class":42},[28,72890,3849],{"class":46},[28,72892,358],{"class":42},[28,72894,2759],{"class":93},[28,72896,61],{"class":42},[28,72898,33012],{"class":46},[28,72900,358],{"class":42},[28,72902,3401],{"class":93},[28,72904,72905],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,72906,70185],{"class":34},[14,72908,1631,72909,72911],{},[25,72910,55309],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72913,1631,72914,72916],{},[25,72915,12546],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72918,72919,72920,385],{},"For more detail, see the ",[381,72921,72922],{"href":54859},"Python list pop() method",[172,72924,72926],{"id":72925},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72928,72929,1323,72931,72933],{},[25,72930,55309],{},[25,72932,26814],{}," are also different.",[177,72935,72936,72941,72946,72951],{},[180,72937,72938,72940],{},[25,72939,55309],{}," deletes by matching value",[180,72942,72943,72945],{},[25,72944,26814],{}," deletes by index or slice",[180,72947,1631,72948,72950],{},[25,72949,26814],{}," when you know the position",[180,72952,1631,72953,72955],{},[25,72954,55309],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72957,45827,72958,271],{},[25,72959,26814],{},[18,72961,72963],{"className":20,"code":72962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[25,72964,72965,72997,73009],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,72966,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,72968,7555],{"class":34},[28,72970,39],{"class":38},[28,72972,3388],{"class":93},[28,72974,234],{"class":42},[28,72976,3849],{"class":46},[28,72978,234],{"class":42},[28,72980,2759],{"class":93},[28,72982,43],{"class":42},[28,72984,3858],{"class":46},[28,72986,234],{"class":42},[28,72988,2759],{"class":93},[28,72990,43],{"class":42},[28,72992,33012],{"class":46},[28,72994,234],{"class":42},[28,72996,3401],{"class":93},[28,72998,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73000,26814],{"class":3644},[28,73002,5742],{"class":34},[28,73004,3669],{"class":93},[28,73006,2756],{"class":97},[28,73008,3401],{"class":93},[28,73010,73011,73013,73015,73017],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73012,115],{"class":114},[28,73014,94],{"class":93},[28,73016,7586],{"class":120},[28,73018,101],{"class":93},[14,73020,336],{},[18,73022,73023],{"className":20,"code":72768,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,73024,73025],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73026,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73028,3669],{"class":93},[28,73030,358],{"class":42},[28,73032,3849],{"class":46},[28,73034,358],{"class":42},[28,73036,2759],{"class":93},[28,73038,61],{"class":42},[28,73040,33012],{"class":46},[28,73042,358],{"class":42},[28,73044,3401],{"class":93},[14,73046,73047,73048,73050,73051,73053],{},"This removed the item at index ",[25,73049,2756],{},", not the value ",[25,73052,65053],{}," directly.",[14,73055,73056,73057,385],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[381,73058,54848],{"href":54847},[172,73060,1104],{"id":1103},[14,73062,20999,73063,271],{},[25,73064,55309],{},[177,73066,73067,73070,73075,73082,73091],{},[180,73068,73069],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[180,73071,8230,73072,73074],{},[25,73073,55309],{}," to delete all matching values",[180,73076,12377,73077,73079,73080],{},[25,73078,55309],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[25,73081,3546],{},[180,73083,8194,73084,44418,73086,474,73088,73090],{},[25,73085,55309],{},[25,73087,12546],{},[25,73089,26814],{}," would be a better fit",[180,73092,73093],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73095,71285],{},[18,73097,73099],{"className":20,"code":73098,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[25,73100,73101,73111,73125,73143,73157],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73102,73103,73105,73107,73109],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73104,115],{"class":114},[28,73106,94],{"class":93},[28,73108,8115],{"class":120},[28,73110,101],{"class":93},[28,73112,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73114,115],{"class":114},[28,73116,94],{"class":93},[28,73118,2216],{"class":120},[28,73120,3651],{"class":3644},[28,73122,8172],{"class":120},[28,73124,101],{"class":93},[28,73126,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73128,115],{"class":114},[28,73130,94],{"class":93},[28,73132,8115],{"class":120},[28,73134,385],{"class":93},[28,73136,41052],{"class":120},[28,73138,94],{"class":93},[28,73140,2242],{"class":120},[28,73142,318],{"class":93},[28,73144,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,73146,115],{"class":114},[28,73148,94],{"class":93},[28,73150,311],{"class":89},[28,73152,94],{"class":93},[28,73154,8115],{"class":120},[28,73156,318],{"class":93},[28,73158,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,73160,31943],{"class":114},[28,73162,94],{"class":93},[28,73164,7869],{"class":89},[28,73166,385],{"class":93},[28,73168,34584],{"class":24538},[28,73170,101],{"class":93},[14,73172,73173],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[177,73175,73176,73179,73182,73185],{},[180,73177,73178],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[180,73180,73181],{},"How many times does it appear?",[180,73183,73184],{},"Am I working with a list?",[180,73186,73187],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73189,73190,73191,73193],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[381,73192,71449],{"href":58745}," may also help.",[172,73195,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,73197,73199],{"id":73198},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73201,73202],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1109,73204,73206],{"id":73205},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73208,4921,73209,73211],{},[25,73210,3546],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1109,73213,73215],{"id":73214},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73217,73218,73219,73222,73223,385],{},"Check with ",[25,73220,73221],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[25,73224,55309],{},[1109,73226,73228],{"id":73227},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73230,1631,73231,73233,73234,73236],{},[25,73232,55309],{}," for a value and ",[25,73235,12546],{}," for an index.",[172,73238,1662],{"id":1661},[177,73240,73241,73245,73249,73253,73257],{},[180,73242,73243],{},[381,73244,55295],{"href":54847},[180,73246,73247],{},[381,73248,72922],{"href":54859},[180,73250,73251],{},[381,73252,71449],{"href":58745},[180,73254,73255],{},[381,73256,65618],{"href":72657},[180,73258,73259],{},[381,73260,73262],{"href":73261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1699,73264,73265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":73267},[73268,73269,73270,73271,73272,73273,73274,73275,73276,73277,73283],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":71594,"depth":53,"text":71595},{"id":5205,"depth":53,"text":5206},{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":72047,"depth":53,"text":72048},{"id":65408,"depth":53,"text":65409},{"id":72660,"depth":53,"text":72661},{"id":72925,"depth":53,"text":72926},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":73278},[73279,73280,73281,73282],{"id":73198,"depth":70,"text":73199},{"id":73205,"depth":70,"text":73206},{"id":73214,"depth":70,"text":73215},{"id":73227,"depth":70,"text":73228},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71497,"description":73284},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73291,"title":73292,"body":73293,"description":75184,"extension":1730,"meta":75185,"navigation":107,"path":75186,"seo":75187,"stem":75188,"__hash__":75189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73294,"toc":75154},[73295,73301,73307,73310,73321,73323,73372,73377,73382,73386,73401,73403,73468,73470,73511,73513,73515,73530,73532,73543,73545,73602,73604,73637,73639,73642,73691,73693,73718,73720,73736,73742,73749,73810,73812,73845,73850,73853,73933,73935,73996,74002,74006,74009,74073,74075,74100,74102,74122,74124,74173,74175,74196,74205,74208,74212,74217,74262,74264,74285,74291,74296,74304,74368,74370,74407,74413,74417,74424,74489,74491,74528,74532,74549,74559,74564,74569,74580,74587,74589,74595,74618,74621,74648,74653,74656,74757,74759,74814,74817,74924,74926,74997,75000,75026,75028,75033,75037,75045,75050,75055,75061,75066,75070,75073,75090,75093,75113,75121,75123,75151],[10,73296,54122,73298,11102],{"id":73297},"python-list-reverse-method",[25,73299,73300],{},"reverse()",[14,73302,73303,73306],{},[25,73304,73305],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73308,73309],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73311,73312,73313,73315,73316,73320],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[25,73314,73300],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[381,73317,73319],{"href":73318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[172,73322,3373],{"id":3372},[18,73324,73326],{"className":20,"code":73325,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[25,73327,73328,73348,73359],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73329,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73331,3383],{"class":34},[28,73333,39],{"class":38},[28,73335,3388],{"class":93},[28,73337,2756],{"class":97},[28,73339,2759],{"class":93},[28,73341,2762],{"class":97},[28,73343,2759],{"class":93},[28,73345,2221],{"class":97},[28,73347,3401],{"class":93},[28,73349,73350,73352,73354,73357],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73351,3415],{"class":34},[28,73353,385],{"class":93},[28,73355,73356],{"class":120},"reverse",[28,73358,8420],{"class":93},[28,73360,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73362,115],{"class":114},[28,73364,94],{"class":93},[28,73366,3415],{"class":120},[28,73368,3428],{"class":93},[28,73370,73371],{"class":1006},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73373,73374,73376],{},[25,73375,73300],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[172,73378,3445,73380,3448],{"id":73379},"what-listreverse-does",[25,73381,73305],{},[14,73383,73384,271],{},[25,73385,73305],{},[177,73387,73388,73391,73394,73398],{},[180,73389,73390],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[180,73392,73393],{},"Changes the original list directly",[180,73395,11204,73396],{},[25,73397,3546],{},[180,73399,73400],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73402,924],{},[18,73404,73406],{"className":20,"code":73405,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[25,73407,73408,73448,73458],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73409,73410,73412,73414,73416,73418,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73411,35880],{"class":34},[28,73413,39],{"class":38},[28,73415,3388],{"class":93},[28,73417,234],{"class":42},[28,73419,381],{"class":46},[28,73421,234],{"class":42},[28,73423,2759],{"class":93},[28,73425,43],{"class":42},[28,73427,4533],{"class":46},[28,73429,234],{"class":42},[28,73431,2759],{"class":93},[28,73433,43],{"class":42},[28,73435,9518],{"class":46},[28,73437,234],{"class":42},[28,73439,2759],{"class":93},[28,73441,43],{"class":42},[28,73443,18555],{"class":46},[28,73445,234],{"class":42},[28,73447,3401],{"class":93},[28,73449,73450,73452,73454,73456],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73451,35933],{"class":34},[28,73453,385],{"class":93},[28,73455,73356],{"class":120},[28,73457,8420],{"class":93},[28,73459,73460,73462,73464,73466],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73461,115],{"class":114},[28,73463,94],{"class":93},[28,73465,35933],{"class":120},[28,73467,101],{"class":93},[14,73469,336],{},[18,73471,73473],{"className":20,"code":73472,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[25,73474,73475],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73476,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495,73497,73499,73501,73503,73505,73507,73509],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73478,3669],{"class":93},[28,73480,358],{"class":42},[28,73482,18555],{"class":46},[28,73484,358],{"class":42},[28,73486,2759],{"class":93},[28,73488,61],{"class":42},[28,73490,9518],{"class":46},[28,73492,358],{"class":42},[28,73494,2759],{"class":93},[28,73496,61],{"class":42},[28,73498,4533],{"class":46},[28,73500,358],{"class":42},[28,73502,2759],{"class":93},[28,73504,61],{"class":42},[28,73506,381],{"class":46},[28,73508,358],{"class":42},[28,73510,3401],{"class":93},[172,73512,1927],{"id":1926},[14,73514,1930],{},[18,73516,73518],{"className":20,"code":73517,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.reverse()\n",[25,73519,73520],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73521,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73523,8115],{"class":34},[28,73525,385],{"class":93},[28,73527,73356],{"class":120},[28,73529,8420],{"class":93},[14,73531,12836],{},[177,73533,73534,73537,73540],{},[180,73535,73536],{},"No arguments are needed",[180,73538,73539],{},"You call it on an existing list",[180,73541,73542],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73544,924],{},[18,73546,73548],{"className":20,"code":73547,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[25,73549,73550,73582,73592],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73551,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73553,12860],{"class":34},[28,73555,39],{"class":38},[28,73557,3388],{"class":93},[28,73559,234],{"class":42},[28,73561,12877],{"class":46},[28,73563,234],{"class":42},[28,73565,2759],{"class":93},[28,73567,43],{"class":42},[28,73569,17242],{"class":46},[28,73571,234],{"class":42},[28,73573,2759],{"class":93},[28,73575,43],{"class":42},[28,73577,12894],{"class":46},[28,73579,234],{"class":42},[28,73581,3401],{"class":93},[28,73583,73584,73586,73588,73590],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73585,17289],{"class":34},[28,73587,385],{"class":93},[28,73589,73356],{"class":120},[28,73591,8420],{"class":93},[28,73593,73594,73596,73598,73600],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73595,115],{"class":114},[28,73597,94],{"class":93},[28,73599,17289],{"class":120},[28,73601,101],{"class":93},[14,73603,336],{},[18,73605,73607],{"className":20,"code":73606,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[25,73608,73609],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73610,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73612,3669],{"class":93},[28,73614,358],{"class":42},[28,73616,12894],{"class":46},[28,73618,358],{"class":42},[28,73620,2759],{"class":93},[28,73622,61],{"class":42},[28,73624,17242],{"class":46},[28,73626,358],{"class":42},[28,73628,2759],{"class":93},[28,73630,61],{"class":42},[28,73632,12877],{"class":46},[28,73634,358],{"class":42},[28,73636,3401],{"class":93},[172,73638,11256],{"id":11255},[14,73640,73641],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[18,73643,73645],{"className":20,"code":73644,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,73646,73647,73671,73681],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73648,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73650,3383],{"class":34},[28,73652,39],{"class":38},[28,73654,3388],{"class":93},[28,73656,2099],{"class":97},[28,73658,2759],{"class":93},[28,73660,7566],{"class":97},[28,73662,2759],{"class":93},[28,73664,7571],{"class":97},[28,73666,2759],{"class":93},[28,73668,50623],{"class":97},[28,73670,3401],{"class":93},[28,73672,73673,73675,73677,73679],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73674,3415],{"class":34},[28,73676,385],{"class":93},[28,73678,73356],{"class":120},[28,73680,8420],{"class":93},[28,73682,73683,73685,73687,73689],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73684,115],{"class":114},[28,73686,94],{"class":93},[28,73688,3415],{"class":120},[28,73690,101],{"class":93},[14,73692,336],{},[18,73694,73696],{"className":20,"code":73695,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[25,73697,73698],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73699,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73701,3669],{"class":93},[28,73703,56472],{"class":97},[28,73705,2759],{"class":93},[28,73707,7571],{"class":97},[28,73709,2759],{"class":93},[28,73711,7566],{"class":97},[28,73713,2759],{"class":93},[28,73715,5781],{"class":97},[28,73717,3401],{"class":93},[14,73719,11465],{},[177,73721,73722,73728,73733],{},[180,73723,73724,73725],{},"The list starts as ",[25,73726,73727],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[180,73729,73730,73732],{},[25,73731,73300],{}," flips the order",[180,73734,73735],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[172,73737,73739,73741],{"id":73738},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[25,73740,73300],{}," changes the original list",[14,73743,73744,73745,73748],{},"This method is ",[163,73746,73747],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[18,73750,73752],{"className":20,"code":73751,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[25,73753,73754,73786,73796,73800],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73755,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73757,36029],{"class":34},[28,73759,39],{"class":38},[28,73761,3388],{"class":93},[28,73763,234],{"class":42},[28,73765,3849],{"class":46},[28,73767,234],{"class":42},[28,73769,2759],{"class":93},[28,73771,43],{"class":42},[28,73773,3858],{"class":46},[28,73775,234],{"class":42},[28,73777,2759],{"class":93},[28,73779,43],{"class":42},[28,73781,3867],{"class":46},[28,73783,234],{"class":42},[28,73785,3401],{"class":93},[28,73787,73788,73790,73792,73794],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73789,36081],{"class":34},[28,73791,385],{"class":93},[28,73793,73356],{"class":120},[28,73795,8420],{"class":93},[28,73797,73798],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73799,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,73803,115],{"class":114},[28,73805,94],{"class":93},[28,73807,36081],{"class":120},[28,73809,101],{"class":93},[14,73811,336],{},[18,73813,73815],{"className":20,"code":73814,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[25,73816,73817],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73818,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73820,3669],{"class":93},[28,73822,358],{"class":42},[28,73824,3867],{"class":46},[28,73826,358],{"class":42},[28,73828,2759],{"class":93},[28,73830,61],{"class":42},[28,73832,3858],{"class":46},[28,73834,358],{"class":42},[28,73836,2759],{"class":93},[28,73838,61],{"class":42},[28,73840,3849],{"class":46},[28,73842,358],{"class":42},[28,73844,3401],{"class":93},[14,73846,1631,73847,73849],{},[25,73848,73300],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73851,73852],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[18,73854,73856],{"className":20,"code":73855,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[25,73857,73858,73890,73908,73912,73922],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73859,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73861,36029],{"class":34},[28,73863,39],{"class":38},[28,73865,3388],{"class":93},[28,73867,234],{"class":42},[28,73869,3849],{"class":46},[28,73871,234],{"class":42},[28,73873,2759],{"class":93},[28,73875,43],{"class":42},[28,73877,3858],{"class":46},[28,73879,234],{"class":42},[28,73881,2759],{"class":93},[28,73883,43],{"class":42},[28,73885,3867],{"class":46},[28,73887,234],{"class":42},[28,73889,3401],{"class":93},[28,73891,73892,73895,73897,73899,73902,73904,73906],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73893,73894],{"class":34},"reversed_fruits ",[28,73896,39],{"class":38},[28,73898,52631],{"class":34},[28,73900,73901],{"class":93},"[::",[28,73903,1790],{"class":38},[28,73905,2756],{"class":97},[28,73907,3401],{"class":93},[28,73909,73910],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,73911,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,73913,73914,73916,73918,73920],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,73915,115],{"class":114},[28,73917,94],{"class":93},[28,73919,36081],{"class":120},[28,73921,101],{"class":93},[28,73923,73924,73926,73928,73931],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,73925,115],{"class":114},[28,73927,94],{"class":93},[28,73929,73930],{"class":120},"reversed_fruits",[28,73932,101],{"class":93},[14,73934,336],{},[18,73936,73938],{"className":20,"code":73937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[25,73939,73940,73968],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,73941,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,73943,3669],{"class":93},[28,73945,358],{"class":42},[28,73947,3849],{"class":46},[28,73949,358],{"class":42},[28,73951,2759],{"class":93},[28,73953,61],{"class":42},[28,73955,3858],{"class":46},[28,73957,358],{"class":42},[28,73959,2759],{"class":93},[28,73961,61],{"class":42},[28,73963,3867],{"class":46},[28,73965,358],{"class":42},[28,73967,3401],{"class":93},[28,73969,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,73971,3669],{"class":93},[28,73973,358],{"class":42},[28,73975,3867],{"class":46},[28,73977,358],{"class":42},[28,73979,2759],{"class":93},[28,73981,61],{"class":42},[28,73983,3858],{"class":46},[28,73985,358],{"class":42},[28,73987,2759],{"class":93},[28,73989,61],{"class":42},[28,73991,3849],{"class":46},[28,73993,358],{"class":42},[28,73995,3401],{"class":93},[14,73997,73998,73999,385],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[381,74000,74001],{"href":73318},"Python list slicing explained",[172,74003,74005],{"id":74004},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74007,74008],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[18,74010,74012],{"className":20,"code":74011,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,74013,74014,74034,74048,74052,74063],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74017,3383],{"class":34},[28,74019,39],{"class":38},[28,74021,3388],{"class":93},[28,74023,2756],{"class":97},[28,74025,2759],{"class":93},[28,74027,2762],{"class":97},[28,74029,2759],{"class":93},[28,74031,2221],{"class":97},[28,74033,3401],{"class":93},[28,74035,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74037,55670],{"class":34},[28,74039,39],{"class":38},[28,74041,4034],{"class":34},[28,74043,385],{"class":93},[28,74045,73356],{"class":120},[28,74047,8420],{"class":93},[28,74049,74050],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74051,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74053,74054,74056,74058,74061],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74055,115],{"class":114},[28,74057,94],{"class":93},[28,74059,74060],{"class":120},"new_list",[28,74062,101],{"class":93},[28,74064,74065,74067,74069,74071],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,74066,115],{"class":114},[28,74068,94],{"class":93},[28,74070,3415],{"class":120},[28,74072,101],{"class":93},[14,74074,336],{},[18,74076,74078],{"className":20,"code":74077,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[25,74079,74080,74084],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74081,74082],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74083,11590],{"class":776},[28,74085,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74087,3669],{"class":93},[28,74089,1831],{"class":97},[28,74091,2759],{"class":93},[28,74093,2762],{"class":97},[28,74095,2759],{"class":93},[28,74097,5273],{"class":97},[28,74099,3401],{"class":93},[14,74101,11682],{},[177,74103,74104,74112,74116],{},[180,74105,74106,74108,74109,74111],{},[25,74107,73300],{}," changes ",[25,74110,3415],{}," directly",[180,74113,40698,74114,71618],{},[163,74115,4402],{},[180,74117,53433,74118,41946,74120],{},[25,74119,74060],{},[25,74121,3546],{},[14,74123,61677],{},[18,74125,74127],{"className":20,"code":74126,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,74128,74129,74149,74159,74163],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74130,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74132,3383],{"class":34},[28,74134,39],{"class":38},[28,74136,3388],{"class":93},[28,74138,2756],{"class":97},[28,74140,2759],{"class":93},[28,74142,2762],{"class":97},[28,74144,2759],{"class":93},[28,74146,2221],{"class":97},[28,74148,3401],{"class":93},[28,74150,74151,74153,74155,74157],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74152,3415],{"class":34},[28,74154,385],{"class":93},[28,74156,73356],{"class":120},[28,74158,8420],{"class":93},[28,74160,74161],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74162,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74164,74165,74167,74169,74171],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74166,115],{"class":114},[28,74168,94],{"class":93},[28,74170,3415],{"class":120},[28,74172,101],{"class":93},[14,74174,336],{},[18,74176,74178],{"className":20,"code":74177,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[25,74179,74180],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74181,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74183,3669],{"class":93},[28,74185,1831],{"class":97},[28,74187,2759],{"class":93},[28,74189,2762],{"class":97},[28,74191,2759],{"class":93},[28,74193,5273],{"class":97},[28,74195,3401],{"class":93},[172,74197,74199,10365,74201,74204],{"id":74198},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[25,74200,73300],{},[25,74202,74203],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74206,74207],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1109,74209,74210],{"id":73356},[25,74211,73300],{},[14,74213,74214,74216],{},[25,74215,73300],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[18,74218,74220],{"className":20,"code":74219,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,74221,74222,74242,74252],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74223,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74225,3383],{"class":34},[28,74227,39],{"class":38},[28,74229,3388],{"class":93},[28,74231,1831],{"class":97},[28,74233,2759],{"class":93},[28,74235,5273],{"class":97},[28,74237,2759],{"class":93},[28,74239,2762],{"class":97},[28,74241,3401],{"class":93},[28,74243,74244,74246,74248,74250],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74245,3415],{"class":34},[28,74247,385],{"class":93},[28,74249,73356],{"class":120},[28,74251,8420],{"class":93},[28,74253,74254,74256,74258,74260],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74255,115],{"class":114},[28,74257,94],{"class":93},[28,74259,3415],{"class":120},[28,74261,101],{"class":93},[14,74263,336],{},[18,74265,74267],{"className":20,"code":74266,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[25,74268,74269],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74270,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74272,3669],{"class":93},[28,74274,1825],{"class":97},[28,74276,2759],{"class":93},[28,74278,5273],{"class":97},[28,74280,2759],{"class":93},[28,74282,2221],{"class":97},[28,74284,3401],{"class":93},[14,74286,74287,74288,74290],{},"Notice that this is ",[163,74289,4402],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1109,74292,74294],{"id":74293},"sorted",[25,74295,74203],{},[14,74297,74298,74303],{},[381,74299,74301],{"href":74300},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[25,74302,74203],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[18,74305,74307],{"className":20,"code":74306,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[25,74308,74309,74329,74344,74348,74358],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74312,3383],{"class":34},[28,74314,39],{"class":38},[28,74316,3388],{"class":93},[28,74318,1831],{"class":97},[28,74320,2759],{"class":93},[28,74322,5273],{"class":97},[28,74324,2759],{"class":93},[28,74326,2762],{"class":97},[28,74328,3401],{"class":93},[28,74330,74331,74333,74335,74338,74340,74342],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74332,1999],{"class":34},[28,74334,39],{"class":38},[28,74336,74337],{"class":114}," sorted",[28,74339,94],{"class":93},[28,74341,3415],{"class":120},[28,74343,101],{"class":93},[28,74345,74346],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74347,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74349,74350,74352,74354,74356],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74351,115],{"class":114},[28,74353,94],{"class":93},[28,74355,3415],{"class":120},[28,74357,101],{"class":93},[28,74359,74360,74362,74364,74366],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,74361,115],{"class":114},[28,74363,94],{"class":93},[28,74365,2033],{"class":120},[28,74367,101],{"class":93},[14,74369,336],{},[18,74371,74373],{"className":20,"code":74372,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[25,74374,74375,74391],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74376,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74378,3669],{"class":93},[28,74380,1831],{"class":97},[28,74382,2759],{"class":93},[28,74384,5273],{"class":97},[28,74386,2759],{"class":93},[28,74388,2762],{"class":97},[28,74390,3401],{"class":93},[28,74392,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74394,3669],{"class":93},[28,74396,2756],{"class":97},[28,74398,2759],{"class":93},[28,74400,2762],{"class":97},[28,74402,2759],{"class":93},[28,74404,2221],{"class":97},[28,74406,3401],{"class":93},[14,74408,74409,74410,385],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[25,74411,74412],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1109,74414,74416],{"id":74415},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74418,74419,74420,74423],{},"Slicing with ",[25,74421,74422],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[18,74425,74427],{"className":20,"code":74426,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[25,74428,74429,74449,74465,74469,74479],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74430,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74432,3383],{"class":34},[28,74434,39],{"class":38},[28,74436,3388],{"class":93},[28,74438,1831],{"class":97},[28,74440,2759],{"class":93},[28,74442,5273],{"class":97},[28,74444,2759],{"class":93},[28,74446,2762],{"class":97},[28,74448,3401],{"class":93},[28,74450,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74452,1999],{"class":34},[28,74454,39],{"class":38},[28,74456,4034],{"class":34},[28,74458,73901],{"class":93},[28,74460,1790],{"class":38},[28,74462,2756],{"class":97},[28,74464,3401],{"class":93},[28,74466,74467],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74468,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74470,74471,74473,74475,74477],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74472,115],{"class":114},[28,74474,94],{"class":93},[28,74476,3415],{"class":120},[28,74478,101],{"class":93},[28,74480,74481,74483,74485,74487],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,74482,115],{"class":114},[28,74484,94],{"class":93},[28,74486,2033],{"class":120},[28,74488,101],{"class":93},[14,74490,336],{},[18,74492,74494],{"className":20,"code":74493,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[25,74495,74496,74512],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74497,74498,74500,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74499,3669],{"class":93},[28,74501,1831],{"class":97},[28,74503,2759],{"class":93},[28,74505,5273],{"class":97},[28,74507,2759],{"class":93},[28,74509,2762],{"class":97},[28,74511,3401],{"class":93},[28,74513,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74515,3669],{"class":93},[28,74517,1825],{"class":97},[28,74519,2759],{"class":93},[28,74521,5273],{"class":97},[28,74523,2759],{"class":93},[28,74525,2221],{"class":97},[28,74527,3401],{"class":93},[1109,74529,74531],{"id":74530},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[177,74533,74534,74539,74544],{},[180,74535,1631,74536,74538],{},[25,74537,73300],{}," when you want to change the original list",[180,74540,1631,74541,74543],{},[25,74542,74422],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[180,74545,1631,74546,74548],{},[25,74547,74203],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74550,74551,74552,74558],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[381,74553,74555,74556,1689],{"href":74554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[25,74557,64091],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[172,74560,4734,74562],{"id":74561},"when-to-use-reverse",[25,74563,73300],{},[14,74565,74566,74568],{},[25,74567,73300],{}," is a good choice:",[177,74570,74571,74574,74577],{},[180,74572,74573],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[180,74575,74576],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[180,74578,74579],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74581,74582,74583,385],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[381,74584,74586],{"href":74585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[172,74588,1104],{"id":1103},[14,74590,74591,74592,74594],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[25,74593,73300],{}," for these reasons:",[177,74596,74597,74601,74606,74611],{},[180,74598,12377,74599,12380],{},[25,74600,73300],{},[180,74602,8230,74603,74605],{},[25,74604,73300],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[180,74607,8194,74608,74610],{},[25,74609,73300],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[180,74612,36995,74613,8482,74615],{},[25,74614,73300],{},[25,74616,74617],{},"reversed()",[14,74619,74620],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[18,74622,74624],{"className":20,"code":74623,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[25,74625,74626,74638],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74629,84],{"class":34},[28,74631,39],{"class":38},[28,74633,43],{"class":42},[28,74635,238],{"class":46},[28,74637,50],{"class":42},[28,74639,74640,74642,74644,74646],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74641,157],{"class":34},[28,74643,385],{"class":93},[28,74645,73356],{"class":120},[28,74647,8420],{"class":93},[14,74649,74650,74651,33392],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[25,74652,73300],{},[14,74654,74655],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[18,74657,74659],{"className":20,"code":74658,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[25,74660,74661,74681,74685,74695,74709,74713,74727,74737,74741],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74664,8084],{"class":34},[28,74666,39],{"class":38},[28,74668,3388],{"class":93},[28,74670,2756],{"class":97},[28,74672,2759],{"class":93},[28,74674,2762],{"class":97},[28,74676,2759],{"class":93},[28,74678,2221],{"class":97},[28,74680,3401],{"class":93},[28,74682,74683],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74684,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74688,115],{"class":114},[28,74690,94],{"class":93},[28,74692,8115],{"class":120},[28,74694,101],{"class":93},[28,74696,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74698,115],{"class":114},[28,74700,94],{"class":93},[28,74702,311],{"class":89},[28,74704,94],{"class":93},[28,74706,8115],{"class":120},[28,74708,318],{"class":93},[28,74710,74711],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,74712,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74714,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723,74725],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,74716,1999],{"class":34},[28,74718,39],{"class":38},[28,74720,8172],{"class":34},[28,74722,385],{"class":93},[28,74724,73356],{"class":120},[28,74726,8420],{"class":93},[28,74728,74729,74731,74733,74735],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,74730,115],{"class":114},[28,74732,94],{"class":93},[28,74734,2033],{"class":120},[28,74736,101],{"class":93},[28,74738,74739],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,74740,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74742,74743,74745,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,74744,115],{"class":114},[28,74746,94],{"class":93},[28,74748,8115],{"class":120},[28,74750,73901],{"class":93},[28,74752,1790],{"class":38},[28,74754,2756],{"class":97},[28,74756,3657],{"class":93},[14,74758,336],{},[18,74760,74762],{"className":20,"code":74761,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[25,74763,74764,74780,74794,74798],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74765,74766,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74767,3669],{"class":93},[28,74769,2756],{"class":97},[28,74771,2759],{"class":93},[28,74773,2762],{"class":97},[28,74775,2759],{"class":93},[28,74777,2221],{"class":97},[28,74779,3401],{"class":93},[28,74781,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790,74792],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74783,346],{"class":38},[28,74785,350],{"class":349},[28,74787,61],{"class":42},[28,74789,7869],{"class":46},[28,74791,358],{"class":42},[28,74793,361],{"class":38},[28,74795,74796],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74797,11590],{"class":776},[28,74799,74800,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810,74812],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74801,3669],{"class":93},[28,74803,2756],{"class":97},[28,74805,2759],{"class":93},[28,74807,2762],{"class":97},[28,74809,2759],{"class":93},[28,74811,5273],{"class":97},[28,74813,3401],{"class":93},[14,74815,74816],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[18,74818,74820],{"className":20,"code":74819,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[25,74821,74822,74842,74846,74856,74870,74874,74888,74898,74908],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74823,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838,74840],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74825,8084],{"class":34},[28,74827,39],{"class":38},[28,74829,3388],{"class":93},[28,74831,2756],{"class":97},[28,74833,2759],{"class":93},[28,74835,2762],{"class":97},[28,74837,2759],{"class":93},[28,74839,2221],{"class":97},[28,74841,3401],{"class":93},[28,74843,74844],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74845,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74847,74848,74850,74852,74854],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74849,115],{"class":114},[28,74851,94],{"class":93},[28,74853,8115],{"class":120},[28,74855,101],{"class":93},[28,74857,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74859,115],{"class":114},[28,74861,94],{"class":93},[28,74863,311],{"class":89},[28,74865,94],{"class":93},[28,74867,8115],{"class":120},[28,74869,318],{"class":93},[28,74871,74872],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,74873,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,74875,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,74877,1999],{"class":34},[28,74879,39],{"class":38},[28,74881,8172],{"class":34},[28,74883,385],{"class":93},[28,74885,73356],{"class":120},[28,74887,8420],{"class":93},[28,74889,74890,74892,74894,74896],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,74891,115],{"class":114},[28,74893,94],{"class":93},[28,74895,2033],{"class":120},[28,74897,101],{"class":93},[28,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,74901,115],{"class":114},[28,74903,94],{"class":93},[28,74905,8115],{"class":120},[28,74907,101],{"class":93},[28,74909,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,74911,115],{"class":114},[28,74913,94],{"class":93},[28,74915,8115],{"class":120},[28,74917,73901],{"class":93},[28,74919,1790],{"class":38},[28,74921,2756],{"class":97},[28,74923,3657],{"class":93},[14,74925,336],{},[18,74927,74929],{"className":20,"code":74928,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[25,74930,74931,74947,74961,74965,74981],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,74932,74933,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943,74945],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,74934,3669],{"class":93},[28,74936,2756],{"class":97},[28,74938,2759],{"class":93},[28,74940,2762],{"class":97},[28,74942,2759],{"class":93},[28,74944,2221],{"class":97},[28,74946,3401],{"class":93},[28,74948,74949,74951,74953,74955,74957,74959],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,74950,346],{"class":38},[28,74952,350],{"class":349},[28,74954,61],{"class":42},[28,74956,7869],{"class":46},[28,74958,358],{"class":42},[28,74960,361],{"class":38},[28,74962,74963],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,74964,11590],{"class":776},[28,74966,74967,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,74968,3669],{"class":93},[28,74970,1831],{"class":97},[28,74972,2759],{"class":93},[28,74974,2762],{"class":97},[28,74976,2759],{"class":93},[28,74978,5273],{"class":97},[28,74980,3401],{"class":93},[28,74982,74983,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,74984,3669],{"class":93},[28,74986,2756],{"class":97},[28,74988,2759],{"class":93},[28,74990,2762],{"class":97},[28,74992,2759],{"class":93},[28,74994,2221],{"class":97},[28,74996,3401],{"class":93},[14,74998,74999],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[177,75001,75002,75011,75020],{},[180,75003,27585,75004,75007,75008],{},[25,75005,75006],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[25,75009,75010],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[180,75012,11698,75013,75016,75017,22347],{},[25,75014,75015],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[163,75018,75019],{},"current",[180,75021,75022,75023],{},"So it prints ",[25,75024,75025],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[172,75027,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,75029,12487,75031,55249],{"id":75030},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[25,75032,73305],{},[14,75034,62382,75035,385],{},[25,75036,3546],{},[1109,75038,33997,75040,34000,75042,2262],{"id":75039},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[25,75041,73300],{},[25,75043,75044],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75046,75047,75049],{},[25,75048,73300],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75051,75052,75054],{},[25,75053,75044],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1109,75056,28118,75058,75060],{"id":75057},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[25,75059,73300],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75062,46150,75063,75065],{},[25,75064,73300],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1109,75067,75069],{"id":75068},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75071,75072],{},"Use slicing:",[18,75074,75076],{"className":20,"code":75075,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list[::-1]\n",[25,75077,75078],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75079,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75081,8115],{"class":34},[28,75083,73901],{"class":93},[28,75085,1790],{"class":38},[28,75087,2756],{"class":97},[28,75089,3401],{"class":93},[14,75091,75092],{},"Or use:",[18,75094,75096],{"className":20,"code":75095,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[25,75097,75098],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75099,75100,75102,75104,75107,75109,75111],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75101,7869],{"class":89},[28,75103,94],{"class":93},[28,75105,75106],{"class":114},"reversed",[28,75108,94],{"class":93},[28,75110,8115],{"class":120},[28,75112,318],{"class":93},[14,75114,75115,75116,75120],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[381,75117,55300,75118],{"href":54740},[25,75119,12560],{}," can also help.",[172,75122,1662],{"id":1661},[177,75124,75125,75131,75137,75141,75145],{},[180,75126,75127],{},[381,75128,55300,75129,1689],{"href":74554},[25,75130,64091],{},[180,75132,75133],{},[381,75134,858,75135,861],{"href":74300},[25,75136,74203],{},[180,75138,75139],{},[381,75140,74586],{"href":74585},[180,75142,75143],{},[381,75144,74001],{"href":73318},[180,75146,75147],{},[381,75148,55300,75149,1689],{"href":54740},[25,75150,12560],{},[1699,75152,75153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":75155},[75156,75157,75159,75160,75161,75163,75164,75171,75173,75174,75183],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":73379,"depth":53,"text":75158},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":73738,"depth":53,"text":75162},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74004,"depth":53,"text":74005},{"id":74198,"depth":53,"text":75165,"children":75166},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75167,75168,75169,75170],{"id":73356,"depth":70,"text":73300},{"id":74293,"depth":70,"text":74203},{"id":74415,"depth":70,"text":74416},{"id":74530,"depth":70,"text":74531},{"id":74561,"depth":53,"text":75172},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":75175},[75176,75178,75180,75182],{"id":75030,"depth":70,"text":75177},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75039,"depth":70,"text":75179},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75057,"depth":70,"text":75181},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75068,"depth":70,"text":75069},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73292,"description":75184},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75191,"title":75192,"body":75193,"description":77626,"extension":1730,"meta":77627,"navigation":107,"path":77628,"seo":77629,"stem":77630,"__hash__":77631},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75194,"toc":77594},[75195,75198,75210,75213,75236,75244,75246,75358,75367,75371,75374,75377,75464,75466,75499,75501,75524,75530,75534,75537,75559,75561,75578,75581,75601,75603,75713,75715,75792,75796,75799,75842,75844,75977,75979,76081,76086,76090,76093,76095,76109,76112,76226,76228,76302,76304,76332,76336,76341,76371,76374,76500,76502,76584,76590,76594,76596,76635,76644,76648,76651,76655,76702,76704,76712,76716,76767,76769,76782,76784,76798,76801,76809,76811,76858,76860,76868,76871,76914,76919,76922,76925,76948,76952,77003,77006,77027,77037,77041,77043,77073,77076,77099,77103,77106,77173,77175,77212,77215,77223,77290,77292,77329,77335,77342,77346,77349,77379,77384,77388,77391,77415,77418,77512,77522,77524,77528,77531,77535,77538,77543,77546,77552,77555,77557,77585,77591],[10,75196,75192],{"id":75197},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75199,75200,75201,1959,75203,16858,75206,75209],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[25,75202,35862],{},[25,75204,75205],{},"stop",[25,75207,75208],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75211,75212],{},"The basic slice form is:",[18,75214,75216],{"className":20,"code":75215,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[25,75217,75218],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75219,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75221,8115],{"class":34},[28,75223,3669],{"class":93},[28,75225,35862],{"class":34},[28,75227,271],{"class":93},[28,75229,75205],{"class":34},[28,75231,271],{"class":93},[28,75233,75208],{"class":34},[28,75235,3401],{"class":93},[14,75237,75238,75239,75241,75242,385],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[25,75240,75205],{}," position is ",[163,75243,64848],{},[172,75245,1771],{"id":1770},[18,75247,75249],{"className":20,"code":75248,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[25,75250,75251,75279,75283,75304,75322,75339],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75252,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75254,3383],{"class":34},[28,75256,39],{"class":38},[28,75258,3388],{"class":93},[28,75260,2099],{"class":97},[28,75262,2759],{"class":93},[28,75264,7566],{"class":97},[28,75266,2759],{"class":93},[28,75268,7571],{"class":97},[28,75270,2759],{"class":93},[28,75272,50623],{"class":97},[28,75274,2759],{"class":93},[28,75276,4853],{"class":97},[28,75278,3401],{"class":93},[28,75280,75281],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,75282,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,75284,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,75286,115],{"class":114},[28,75288,94],{"class":93},[28,75290,3415],{"class":120},[28,75292,3669],{"class":93},[28,75294,2756],{"class":97},[28,75296,271],{"class":93},[28,75298,2275],{"class":97},[28,75300,20234],{"class":93},[28,75302,75303],{"class":1006},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[28,75305,75306,75308,75310,75312,75315,75317,75319],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,75307,115],{"class":114},[28,75309,94],{"class":93},[28,75311,3415],{"class":120},[28,75313,75314],{"class":93},"[:",[28,75316,1831],{"class":97},[28,75318,20234],{"class":93},[28,75320,75321],{"class":1006},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[28,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,75325,115],{"class":114},[28,75327,94],{"class":93},[28,75329,3415],{"class":120},[28,75331,73901],{"class":93},[28,75333,1825],{"class":97},[28,75335,20234],{"class":93},[28,75337,75338],{"class":1006},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[28,75340,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351,75353,75355],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,75342,115],{"class":114},[28,75344,94],{"class":93},[28,75346,3415],{"class":120},[28,75348,73901],{"class":93},[28,75350,1790],{"class":38},[28,75352,2756],{"class":97},[28,75354,20234],{"class":93},[28,75356,75357],{"class":1006},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75359,1631,75360,75363,75364,75366],{},[25,75361,75362],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[25,75365,75205],{}," value is not included.",[172,75368,75370],{"id":75369},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75372,75373],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75375,75376],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[18,75378,75380],{"className":20,"code":75379,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[25,75381,75382,75430,75434,75453],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75383,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422,75424,75426,75428],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75385,35880],{"class":34},[28,75387,39],{"class":38},[28,75389,3388],{"class":93},[28,75391,234],{"class":42},[28,75393,381],{"class":46},[28,75395,234],{"class":42},[28,75397,2759],{"class":93},[28,75399,43],{"class":42},[28,75401,4533],{"class":46},[28,75403,234],{"class":42},[28,75405,2759],{"class":93},[28,75407,43],{"class":42},[28,75409,9518],{"class":46},[28,75411,234],{"class":42},[28,75413,2759],{"class":93},[28,75415,43],{"class":42},[28,75417,18555],{"class":46},[28,75419,234],{"class":42},[28,75421,2759],{"class":93},[28,75423,43],{"class":42},[28,75425,60228],{"class":46},[28,75427,234],{"class":42},[28,75429,3401],{"class":93},[28,75431,75432],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,75433,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,75435,75436,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,75437,75438],{"class":34},"part ",[28,75440,39],{"class":38},[28,75442,69875],{"class":34},[28,75444,3669],{"class":93},[28,75446,2756],{"class":97},[28,75448,271],{"class":93},[28,75450,2275],{"class":97},[28,75452,3401],{"class":93},[28,75454,75455,75457,75459,75462],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,75456,115],{"class":114},[28,75458,94],{"class":93},[28,75460,75461],{"class":120},"part",[28,75463,101],{"class":93},[14,75465,336],{},[18,75467,75469],{"className":20,"code":75468,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[25,75470,75471],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75472,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75474,3669],{"class":93},[28,75476,358],{"class":42},[28,75478,4533],{"class":46},[28,75480,358],{"class":42},[28,75482,2759],{"class":93},[28,75484,61],{"class":42},[28,75486,9518],{"class":46},[28,75488,358],{"class":42},[28,75490,2759],{"class":93},[28,75492,61],{"class":42},[28,75494,18555],{"class":46},[28,75496,358],{"class":42},[28,75498,3401],{"class":93},[14,75500,12836],{},[177,75502,75503,75506,75509,75515,75521],{},[180,75504,75505],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[180,75507,75508],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[180,75510,75511,75512],{},"Basic form: ",[25,75513,75514],{},"list[start:stop]",[180,75516,75517,75518,75520],{},"The item at ",[25,75519,75205],{}," is not included",[180,75522,75523],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75525,75526,75527,385],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[381,75528,75529],{"href":50758},"beginner guide to Python lists",[172,75531,75533],{"id":75532},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75535,75536],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[18,75538,75539],{"className":20,"code":75215,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,75540,75541],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75544,8115],{"class":34},[28,75546,3669],{"class":93},[28,75548,35862],{"class":34},[28,75550,271],{"class":93},[28,75552,75205],{"class":34},[28,75554,271],{"class":93},[28,75556,75208],{"class":34},[28,75558,3401],{"class":93},[14,75560,64824],{},[177,75562,75563,75568,75573],{},[180,75564,75565,75567],{},[25,75566,35862],{}," is where slicing begins",[180,75569,75570,75572],{},[25,75571,75205],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[180,75574,75575,75577],{},[25,75576,75208],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75579,75580],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[177,75582,75583,75589,75594],{},[180,75584,75585,75586,75588],{},"Missing ",[25,75587,35862],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[180,75590,75585,75591,75593],{},[25,75592,75205],{}," means go to the end of the list",[180,75595,75585,75596,75598,75599],{},[25,75597,75208],{}," means use ",[25,75600,2756],{},[14,75602,924],{},[18,75604,75606],{"className":20,"code":75605,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[25,75607,75608,75636,75640,75661,75678,75696],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75609,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75611,3383],{"class":34},[28,75613,39],{"class":38},[28,75615,3388],{"class":93},[28,75617,2099],{"class":97},[28,75619,2759],{"class":93},[28,75621,7566],{"class":97},[28,75623,2759],{"class":93},[28,75625,7571],{"class":97},[28,75627,2759],{"class":93},[28,75629,50623],{"class":97},[28,75631,2759],{"class":93},[28,75633,4853],{"class":97},[28,75635,3401],{"class":93},[28,75637,75638],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,75639,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,75641,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,75643,115],{"class":114},[28,75645,94],{"class":93},[28,75647,3415],{"class":120},[28,75649,3669],{"class":93},[28,75651,2756],{"class":97},[28,75653,271],{"class":93},[28,75655,2275],{"class":97},[28,75657,20234],{"class":93},[28,75659,75660],{"class":1006},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[28,75662,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,75664,115],{"class":114},[28,75666,94],{"class":93},[28,75668,3415],{"class":120},[28,75670,75314],{"class":93},[28,75672,1831],{"class":97},[28,75674,20234],{"class":93},[28,75676,75677],{"class":1006},"    # start from the beginning\n",[28,75679,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75693],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,75681,115],{"class":114},[28,75683,94],{"class":93},[28,75685,3415],{"class":120},[28,75687,3669],{"class":93},[28,75689,1825],{"class":97},[28,75691,75692],{"class":93},":])",[28,75694,75695],{"class":1006},"    # go to the end\n",[28,75697,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,75699,115],{"class":114},[28,75701,94],{"class":93},[28,75703,3415],{"class":120},[28,75705,73901],{"class":93},[28,75707,2756],{"class":97},[28,75709,20234],{"class":93},[28,75711,75712],{"class":1006},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75714,336],{},[18,75716,75718],{"className":20,"code":75717,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[25,75719,75720,75736,75752,75768],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75721,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75723,3669],{"class":93},[28,75725,15539],{"class":97},[28,75727,2759],{"class":93},[28,75729,7571],{"class":97},[28,75731,2759],{"class":93},[28,75733,50623],{"class":97},[28,75735,3401],{"class":93},[28,75737,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,75739,3669],{"class":93},[28,75741,2099],{"class":97},[28,75743,2759],{"class":93},[28,75745,7566],{"class":97},[28,75747,2759],{"class":93},[28,75749,7571],{"class":97},[28,75751,3401],{"class":93},[28,75753,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,75755,3669],{"class":93},[28,75757,36632],{"class":97},[28,75759,2759],{"class":93},[28,75761,50623],{"class":97},[28,75763,2759],{"class":93},[28,75765,4853],{"class":97},[28,75767,3401],{"class":93},[28,75769,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,75771,3669],{"class":93},[28,75773,2099],{"class":97},[28,75775,2759],{"class":93},[28,75777,7566],{"class":97},[28,75779,2759],{"class":93},[28,75781,7571],{"class":97},[28,75783,2759],{"class":93},[28,75785,50623],{"class":97},[28,75787,2759],{"class":93},[28,75789,4853],{"class":97},[28,75791,3401],{"class":93},[172,75793,75795],{"id":75794},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75797,75798],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[177,75800,75801,75810,75819,75830,75836],{},[180,75802,75803,75806,75807,5742],{},[25,75804,75805],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[25,75808,75809],{},"n",[180,75811,75812,75815,75816,75818],{},[25,75813,75814],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[25,75817,75809],{}," to the end",[180,75820,75821,75824,75825,75827,75828],{},[25,75822,75823],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[25,75826,381],{}," up to ",[25,75829,4533],{},[180,75831,75832,75835],{},[25,75833,75834],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[180,75837,75838,75841],{},[25,75839,75840],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75843,924],{},[18,75845,75847],{"className":20,"code":75846,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[25,75848,75849,75882,75886,75903,75920,75941,75958],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75850,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877,75880],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75852,3383],{"class":34},[28,75854,39],{"class":38},[28,75856,3388],{"class":93},[28,75858,2099],{"class":97},[28,75860,2759],{"class":93},[28,75862,7566],{"class":97},[28,75864,2759],{"class":93},[28,75866,7571],{"class":97},[28,75868,2759],{"class":93},[28,75870,50623],{"class":97},[28,75872,2759],{"class":93},[28,75874,4853],{"class":97},[28,75876,2759],{"class":93},[28,75878,75879],{"class":97}," 60",[28,75881,3401],{"class":93},[28,75883,75884],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,75885,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,75887,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,75889,115],{"class":114},[28,75891,94],{"class":93},[28,75893,3415],{"class":120},[28,75895,75314],{"class":93},[28,75897,1831],{"class":97},[28,75899,20234],{"class":93},[28,75901,75902],{"class":1006},"    # first 3 items\n",[28,75904,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,75906,115],{"class":114},[28,75908,94],{"class":93},[28,75910,3415],{"class":120},[28,75912,3669],{"class":93},[28,75914,1831],{"class":97},[28,75916,75692],{"class":93},[28,75918,75919],{"class":1006},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[28,75921,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,75923,115],{"class":114},[28,75925,94],{"class":93},[28,75927,3415],{"class":120},[28,75929,3669],{"class":93},[28,75931,2756],{"class":97},[28,75933,271],{"class":93},[28,75935,1905],{"class":97},[28,75937,20234],{"class":93},[28,75939,75940],{"class":1006},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[28,75942,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,75944,115],{"class":114},[28,75946,94],{"class":93},[28,75948,3415],{"class":120},[28,75950,73901],{"class":93},[28,75952,1825],{"class":97},[28,75954,20234],{"class":93},[28,75956,75957],{"class":1006},"   # every second item\n",[28,75959,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,75961,115],{"class":114},[28,75963,94],{"class":93},[28,75965,3415],{"class":120},[28,75967,73901],{"class":93},[28,75969,1790],{"class":38},[28,75971,2756],{"class":97},[28,75973,20234],{"class":93},[28,75975,75976],{"class":1006},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75978,336],{},[18,75980,75982],{"className":20,"code":75981,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[25,75983,75984,76000,76016,76036,76052],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,75985,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,75987,3669],{"class":93},[28,75989,2099],{"class":97},[28,75991,2759],{"class":93},[28,75993,7566],{"class":97},[28,75995,2759],{"class":93},[28,75997,7571],{"class":97},[28,75999,3401],{"class":93},[28,76001,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76003,3669],{"class":93},[28,76005,56472],{"class":97},[28,76007,2759],{"class":93},[28,76009,4853],{"class":97},[28,76011,2759],{"class":93},[28,76013,75879],{"class":97},[28,76015,3401],{"class":93},[28,76017,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76019,3669],{"class":93},[28,76021,15539],{"class":97},[28,76023,2759],{"class":93},[28,76025,7571],{"class":97},[28,76027,2759],{"class":93},[28,76029,50623],{"class":97},[28,76031,2759],{"class":93},[28,76033,4853],{"class":97},[28,76035,3401],{"class":93},[28,76037,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,76039,3669],{"class":93},[28,76041,2099],{"class":97},[28,76043,2759],{"class":93},[28,76045,7571],{"class":97},[28,76047,2759],{"class":93},[28,76049,4853],{"class":97},[28,76051,3401],{"class":93},[28,76053,76054,76056,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,76055,3669],{"class":93},[28,76057,76058],{"class":97},"60",[28,76060,2759],{"class":93},[28,76062,4853],{"class":97},[28,76064,2759],{"class":93},[28,76066,50623],{"class":97},[28,76068,2759],{"class":93},[28,76070,7571],{"class":97},[28,76072,2759],{"class":93},[28,76074,7566],{"class":97},[28,76076,2759],{"class":93},[28,76078,5781],{"class":97},[28,76080,3401],{"class":93},[14,76082,76083,76084,385],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[381,76085,14674],{"href":56999},[172,76087,76089],{"id":76088},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76091,76092],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76094,5247],{},[177,76096,76097,76103],{},[180,76098,76099,76102],{},[25,76100,76101],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[180,76104,76105,76108],{},[25,76106,76107],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76110,76111],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[18,76113,76115],{"className":20,"code":76114,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[25,76116,76117,76165,76169,76188,76207],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76118,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76120,35880],{"class":34},[28,76122,39],{"class":38},[28,76124,3388],{"class":93},[28,76126,234],{"class":42},[28,76128,381],{"class":46},[28,76130,234],{"class":42},[28,76132,2759],{"class":93},[28,76134,43],{"class":42},[28,76136,4533],{"class":46},[28,76138,234],{"class":42},[28,76140,2759],{"class":93},[28,76142,43],{"class":42},[28,76144,9518],{"class":46},[28,76146,234],{"class":42},[28,76148,2759],{"class":93},[28,76150,43],{"class":42},[28,76152,18555],{"class":46},[28,76154,234],{"class":42},[28,76156,2759],{"class":93},[28,76158,43],{"class":42},[28,76160,60228],{"class":46},[28,76162,234],{"class":42},[28,76164,3401],{"class":93},[28,76166,76167],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76168,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,76170,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76172,115],{"class":114},[28,76174,94],{"class":93},[28,76176,35933],{"class":120},[28,76178,3669],{"class":93},[28,76180,1790],{"class":38},[28,76182,2756],{"class":97},[28,76184,20234],{"class":93},[28,76186,76187],{"class":1006},"    # last item\n",[28,76189,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,76191,115],{"class":114},[28,76193,94],{"class":93},[28,76195,35933],{"class":120},[28,76197,3669],{"class":93},[28,76199,1790],{"class":38},[28,76201,1831],{"class":97},[28,76203,75692],{"class":93},[28,76205,76206],{"class":1006},"   # last 3 items\n",[28,76208,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,76210,115],{"class":114},[28,76212,94],{"class":93},[28,76214,35933],{"class":120},[28,76216,75314],{"class":93},[28,76218,1790],{"class":38},[28,76220,2756],{"class":97},[28,76222,20234],{"class":93},[28,76224,76225],{"class":1006},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76227,336],{},[18,76229,76231],{"className":20,"code":76230,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[25,76232,76233,76238,76266],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76234,76235],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76236,76237],{"class":34},"e\n",[28,76239,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76241,3669],{"class":93},[28,76243,358],{"class":42},[28,76245,9518],{"class":46},[28,76247,358],{"class":42},[28,76249,2759],{"class":93},[28,76251,61],{"class":42},[28,76253,18555],{"class":46},[28,76255,358],{"class":42},[28,76257,2759],{"class":93},[28,76259,61],{"class":42},[28,76261,60228],{"class":46},[28,76263,358],{"class":42},[28,76265,3401],{"class":93},[28,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76269,3669],{"class":93},[28,76271,358],{"class":42},[28,76273,381],{"class":46},[28,76275,358],{"class":42},[28,76277,2759],{"class":93},[28,76279,61],{"class":42},[28,76281,4533],{"class":46},[28,76283,358],{"class":42},[28,76285,2759],{"class":93},[28,76287,61],{"class":42},[28,76289,9518],{"class":46},[28,76291,358],{"class":42},[28,76293,2759],{"class":93},[28,76295,61],{"class":42},[28,76297,18555],{"class":46},[28,76299,358],{"class":42},[28,76301,3401],{"class":93},[14,76303,12836],{},[177,76305,76306,76309,76313,76319,76325],{},[180,76307,76308],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[180,76310,76311,76102],{},[25,76312,76101],{},[180,76314,76315,76318],{},[25,76316,76317],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[180,76320,76321,76324],{},[25,76322,76323],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[180,76326,76327,76328,1323,76330],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[25,76329,35862],{},[25,76331,75205],{},[172,76333,76335],{"id":76334},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76337,679,76338,76340],{},[25,76339,75208],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[177,76342,76343,76346,76349,76354,76364],{},[180,76344,76345],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[180,76347,76348],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[180,76350,76351,76353],{},[25,76352,75840],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[180,76355,8653,76356,76358,76359,76361,76362],{},[25,76357,75208],{}," is negative, ",[25,76360,35862],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[25,76363,75205],{},[180,76365,76366,76368,76369],{},[25,76367,75208],{}," cannot be ",[25,76370,1888],{},[14,76372,76373],{},"Example with different step values:",[18,76375,76377],{"className":20,"code":76376,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[25,76378,76379,76411,76415,76432,76454,76473],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76380,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76382,3383],{"class":34},[28,76384,39],{"class":38},[28,76386,3388],{"class":93},[28,76388,2099],{"class":97},[28,76390,2759],{"class":93},[28,76392,7566],{"class":97},[28,76394,2759],{"class":93},[28,76396,7571],{"class":97},[28,76398,2759],{"class":93},[28,76400,50623],{"class":97},[28,76402,2759],{"class":93},[28,76404,4853],{"class":97},[28,76406,2759],{"class":93},[28,76408,75879],{"class":97},[28,76410,3401],{"class":93},[28,76412,76413],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76414,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,76416,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76418,115],{"class":114},[28,76420,94],{"class":93},[28,76422,3415],{"class":120},[28,76424,73901],{"class":93},[28,76426,1825],{"class":97},[28,76428,20234],{"class":93},[28,76430,76431],{"class":1006},"     # every second item\n",[28,76433,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76447,76449,76451],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,76435,115],{"class":114},[28,76437,94],{"class":93},[28,76439,3415],{"class":120},[28,76441,3669],{"class":93},[28,76443,2756],{"class":97},[28,76445,76446],{"class":93},"::",[28,76448,1825],{"class":97},[28,76450,20234],{"class":93},[28,76452,76453],{"class":1006},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[28,76455,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,76457,115],{"class":114},[28,76459,94],{"class":93},[28,76461,3415],{"class":120},[28,76463,73901],{"class":93},[28,76465,1790],{"class":38},[28,76467,2756],{"class":97},[28,76469,20234],{"class":93},[28,76471,76472],{"class":1006},"    # reverse the list\n",[28,76474,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,76476,115],{"class":114},[28,76478,94],{"class":93},[28,76480,3415],{"class":120},[28,76482,3669],{"class":93},[28,76484,2275],{"class":97},[28,76486,271],{"class":93},[28,76488,2756],{"class":97},[28,76490,271],{"class":93},[28,76492,1790],{"class":38},[28,76494,2756],{"class":97},[28,76496,20234],{"class":93},[28,76498,76499],{"class":1006},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76501,336],{},[18,76503,76505],{"className":20,"code":76504,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[25,76506,76507,76523,76539,76567],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76508,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76510,3669],{"class":93},[28,76512,2099],{"class":97},[28,76514,2759],{"class":93},[28,76516,7571],{"class":97},[28,76518,2759],{"class":93},[28,76520,4853],{"class":97},[28,76522,3401],{"class":93},[28,76524,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76526,3669],{"class":93},[28,76528,15539],{"class":97},[28,76530,2759],{"class":93},[28,76532,50623],{"class":97},[28,76534,2759],{"class":93},[28,76536,75879],{"class":97},[28,76538,3401],{"class":93},[28,76540,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76542,3669],{"class":93},[28,76544,76058],{"class":97},[28,76546,2759],{"class":93},[28,76548,4853],{"class":97},[28,76550,2759],{"class":93},[28,76552,50623],{"class":97},[28,76554,2759],{"class":93},[28,76556,7571],{"class":97},[28,76558,2759],{"class":93},[28,76560,7566],{"class":97},[28,76562,2759],{"class":93},[28,76564,5781],{"class":97},[28,76566,3401],{"class":93},[28,76568,76569,76571,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,76570,3669],{"class":93},[28,76572,76573],{"class":97},"50",[28,76575,2759],{"class":93},[28,76577,50623],{"class":97},[28,76579,2759],{"class":93},[28,76581,7571],{"class":97},[28,76583,3401],{"class":93},[14,76585,76586,76587,385],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[381,76588,76589],{"href":74585},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1109,76591,76593],{"id":76592},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76595,2604],{},[18,76597,76599],{"className":20,"code":76598,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[25,76600,76601,76621],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76602,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76604,3383],{"class":34},[28,76606,39],{"class":38},[28,76608,3388],{"class":93},[28,76610,2756],{"class":97},[28,76612,2759],{"class":93},[28,76614,2762],{"class":97},[28,76616,2759],{"class":93},[28,76618,2221],{"class":97},[28,76620,3401],{"class":93},[28,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76624,115],{"class":114},[28,76626,94],{"class":93},[28,76628,3415],{"class":120},[28,76630,73901],{"class":93},[28,76632,1888],{"class":97},[28,76634,3657],{"class":93},[14,76636,76637,76638,76640,76641,76643],{},"Python raises a ",[25,76639,40496],{}," because a slice step of ",[25,76642,1888],{}," does not make sense.",[172,76645,76647],{"id":76646},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76649,76650],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1109,76652,76654],{"id":76653},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[18,76656,76658],{"className":20,"code":76657,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[25,76659,76660,76684,76688],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76661,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76663,3383],{"class":34},[28,76665,39],{"class":38},[28,76667,3388],{"class":93},[28,76669,2099],{"class":97},[28,76671,2759],{"class":93},[28,76673,7566],{"class":97},[28,76675,2759],{"class":93},[28,76677,7571],{"class":97},[28,76679,2759],{"class":93},[28,76681,50623],{"class":97},[28,76683,3401],{"class":93},[28,76685,76686],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76687,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,76689,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76691,115],{"class":114},[28,76693,94],{"class":93},[28,76695,3415],{"class":120},[28,76697,3669],{"class":93},[28,76699,1825],{"class":97},[28,76701,3657],{"class":93},[14,76703,336],{},[18,76705,76706],{"className":20,"code":69619,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,76707,76708],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76709,76710],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76711,69619],{"class":97},[1109,76713,76715],{"id":76714},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[18,76717,76719],{"className":20,"code":76718,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[25,76720,76721,76745,76749],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76722,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76724,3383],{"class":34},[28,76726,39],{"class":38},[28,76728,3388],{"class":93},[28,76730,2099],{"class":97},[28,76732,2759],{"class":93},[28,76734,7566],{"class":97},[28,76736,2759],{"class":93},[28,76738,7571],{"class":97},[28,76740,2759],{"class":93},[28,76742,50623],{"class":97},[28,76744,3401],{"class":93},[28,76746,76747],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76748,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,76750,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76752,115],{"class":114},[28,76754,94],{"class":93},[28,76756,3415],{"class":120},[28,76758,3669],{"class":93},[28,76760,1825],{"class":97},[28,76762,271],{"class":93},[28,76764,1831],{"class":97},[28,76766,3657],{"class":93},[14,76768,336],{},[18,76770,76772],{"className":20,"code":76771,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[30]\n",[25,76773,76774],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76775,76776,76778,76780],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76777,3669],{"class":93},[28,76779,36632],{"class":97},[28,76781,3401],{"class":93},[14,76783,13548],{},[177,76785,76786,76792],{},[180,76787,76788,76791],{},[25,76789,76790],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[180,76793,76794,76797],{},[25,76795,76796],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76799,76800],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[177,76802,76803,76806],{},[180,76804,76805],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[180,76807,76808],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76810,924],{},[18,76812,76814],{"className":20,"code":76813,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[25,76815,76816,76836,76840],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76817,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76819,3383],{"class":34},[28,76821,39],{"class":38},[28,76823,3388],{"class":93},[28,76825,2099],{"class":97},[28,76827,2759],{"class":93},[28,76829,7566],{"class":97},[28,76831,2759],{"class":93},[28,76833,7571],{"class":97},[28,76835,3401],{"class":93},[28,76837,76838],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76839,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,76841,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76843,115],{"class":114},[28,76845,94],{"class":93},[28,76847,3415],{"class":120},[28,76849,3669],{"class":93},[28,76851,1905],{"class":97},[28,76853,271],{"class":93},[28,76855,2099],{"class":97},[28,76857,3657],{"class":93},[14,76859,336],{},[18,76861,76862],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,76863,76864],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76865,76866],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76867,38089],{"class":93},[14,76869,76870],{},"But this would raise an error:",[18,76872,76874],{"className":20,"code":76873,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[25,76875,76876,76896,76900],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76877,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76879,3383],{"class":34},[28,76881,39],{"class":38},[28,76883,3388],{"class":93},[28,76885,2099],{"class":97},[28,76887,2759],{"class":93},[28,76889,7566],{"class":97},[28,76891,2759],{"class":93},[28,76893,7571],{"class":97},[28,76895,3401],{"class":93},[28,76897,76898],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76899,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,76901,76902,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,76903,115],{"class":114},[28,76905,94],{"class":93},[28,76907,3415],{"class":120},[28,76909,3669],{"class":93},[28,76911,1905],{"class":97},[28,76913,3657],{"class":93},[14,76915,76916,76917,385],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[381,76918,69038],{"href":69037},[172,76920,14961],{"id":76921},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76923,76924],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[177,76926,76927,76931,76933,76936,76942],{},[180,76928,4476,76929,75520],{},[25,76930,75205],{},[180,76932,60473],{},[180,76934,76935],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[180,76937,36995,76938,8482,76940],{},[25,76939,75840],{},[25,76941,73305],{},[180,76943,76944,76945,76947],{},"Using step ",[25,76946,1888],{},", which causes an error",[1109,76949,76951],{"id":76950},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[18,76953,76955],{"className":20,"code":76954,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[25,76956,76957,76985],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,76958,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979,76981,76983],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,76960,3383],{"class":34},[28,76962,39],{"class":38},[28,76964,3388],{"class":93},[28,76966,2099],{"class":97},[28,76968,2759],{"class":93},[28,76970,7566],{"class":97},[28,76972,2759],{"class":93},[28,76974,7571],{"class":97},[28,76976,2759],{"class":93},[28,76978,50623],{"class":97},[28,76980,2759],{"class":93},[28,76982,4853],{"class":97},[28,76984,3401],{"class":93},[28,76986,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,76988,115],{"class":114},[28,76990,94],{"class":93},[28,76992,3415],{"class":120},[28,76994,3669],{"class":93},[28,76996,2756],{"class":97},[28,76998,271],{"class":93},[28,77000,2275],{"class":97},[28,77002,3657],{"class":93},[14,77004,77005],{},"This returns:",[18,77007,77009],{"className":20,"code":77008,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[25,77010,77011],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77012,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77014,3669],{"class":93},[28,77016,15539],{"class":97},[28,77018,2759],{"class":93},[28,77020,7571],{"class":97},[28,77022,2759],{"class":93},[28,77024,50623],{"class":97},[28,77026,3401],{"class":93},[14,77028,40698,77029,77031,77032,77034,77035,385],{},[163,77030,4402],{}," include ",[25,77033,76573],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[25,77036,2275],{},[1109,77038,77040],{"id":77039},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77042,16429],{},[18,77044,77046],{"className":20,"code":77045,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[25,77047,77048,77068],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77049,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77051,3383],{"class":34},[28,77053,39],{"class":38},[28,77055,3388],{"class":93},[28,77057,2099],{"class":97},[28,77059,2759],{"class":93},[28,77061,7566],{"class":97},[28,77063,2759],{"class":93},[28,77065,7571],{"class":97},[28,77067,3401],{"class":93},[28,77069,77070],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77071,77072],{"class":1006},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77074,77075],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[18,77077,77079],{"className":20,"code":77078,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[25,77080,77081],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77082,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77084,115],{"class":114},[28,77086,94],{"class":93},[28,77088,3415],{"class":120},[28,77090,3669],{"class":93},[28,77092,2756],{"class":97},[28,77094,271],{"class":93},[28,77096,1831],{"class":97},[28,77098,3657],{"class":93},[1109,77100,77102],{"id":77101},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77104,77105],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[18,77107,77109],{"className":20,"code":77108,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,77110,77111,77135,77149,77153,77163],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77112,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77114,3383],{"class":34},[28,77116,39],{"class":38},[28,77118,3388],{"class":93},[28,77120,2099],{"class":97},[28,77122,2759],{"class":93},[28,77124,7566],{"class":97},[28,77126,2759],{"class":93},[28,77128,7571],{"class":97},[28,77130,2759],{"class":93},[28,77132,50623],{"class":97},[28,77134,3401],{"class":93},[28,77136,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77138,75438],{"class":34},[28,77140,39],{"class":38},[28,77142,4034],{"class":34},[28,77144,75314],{"class":93},[28,77146,1825],{"class":97},[28,77148,3401],{"class":93},[28,77150,77151],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,77152,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,77154,77155,77157,77159,77161],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,77156,115],{"class":114},[28,77158,94],{"class":93},[28,77160,75461],{"class":120},[28,77162,101],{"class":93},[28,77164,77165,77167,77169,77171],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,77166,115],{"class":114},[28,77168,94],{"class":93},[28,77170,3415],{"class":120},[28,77172,101],{"class":93},[14,77174,336],{},[18,77176,77178],{"className":20,"code":77177,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[25,77179,77180,77192],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77181,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77183,3669],{"class":93},[28,77185,2099],{"class":97},[28,77187,2759],{"class":93},[28,77189,7566],{"class":97},[28,77191,3401],{"class":93},[28,77193,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208,77210],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77195,3669],{"class":93},[28,77197,2099],{"class":97},[28,77199,2759],{"class":93},[28,77201,7566],{"class":97},[28,77203,2759],{"class":93},[28,77205,7571],{"class":97},[28,77207,2759],{"class":93},[28,77209,50623],{"class":97},[28,77211,3401],{"class":93},[14,77213,77214],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1109,77216,77218,77219,8482,77221],{"id":77217},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[25,77220,75840],{},[25,77222,73305],{},[18,77224,77226],{"className":20,"code":77225,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,77227,77228,77248,77252,77269,77280],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77229,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242,77244,77246],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77231,3383],{"class":34},[28,77233,39],{"class":38},[28,77235,3388],{"class":93},[28,77237,2099],{"class":97},[28,77239,2759],{"class":93},[28,77241,7566],{"class":97},[28,77243,2759],{"class":93},[28,77245,7571],{"class":97},[28,77247,3401],{"class":93},[28,77249,77250],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77251,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,77253,77254,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,77255,77256],{"class":34},"reversed_copy ",[28,77258,39],{"class":38},[28,77260,4034],{"class":34},[28,77262,73901],{"class":93},[28,77264,1790],{"class":38},[28,77266,2756],{"class":97},[28,77268,3401],{"class":93},[28,77270,77271,77273,77275,77278],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,77272,115],{"class":114},[28,77274,94],{"class":93},[28,77276,77277],{"class":120},"reversed_copy",[28,77279,101],{"class":93},[28,77281,77282,77284,77286,77288],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,77283,115],{"class":114},[28,77285,94],{"class":93},[28,77287,3415],{"class":120},[28,77289,101],{"class":93},[14,77291,336],{},[18,77293,77295],{"className":20,"code":77294,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[25,77296,77297,77313],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77298,77299,77301,77303,77305,77307,77309,77311],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77300,3669],{"class":93},[28,77302,36632],{"class":97},[28,77304,2759],{"class":93},[28,77306,7566],{"class":97},[28,77308,2759],{"class":93},[28,77310,5781],{"class":97},[28,77312,3401],{"class":93},[28,77314,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77316,3669],{"class":93},[28,77318,2099],{"class":97},[28,77320,2759],{"class":93},[28,77322,7566],{"class":97},[28,77324,2759],{"class":93},[28,77326,7571],{"class":97},[28,77328,3401],{"class":93},[14,77330,77331,77334],{},[25,77332,77333],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77336,77337,77338,77341],{},"By contrast, ",[25,77339,77340],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1109,77343,77345],{"id":77344},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77347,77348],{},"This is not allowed:",[18,77350,77352],{"className":20,"code":77351,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[25,77353,77354,77374],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77355,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77357,3383],{"class":34},[28,77359,39],{"class":38},[28,77361,3388],{"class":93},[28,77363,2099],{"class":97},[28,77365,2759],{"class":93},[28,77367,7566],{"class":97},[28,77369,2759],{"class":93},[28,77371,7571],{"class":97},[28,77373,3401],{"class":93},[28,77375,77376],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77377,77378],{"class":1006},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77380,77381,77382,385],{},"Python will raise a ",[25,77383,40496],{},[172,77385,77387],{"id":77386},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77389,77390],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[177,77392,77393,77400,77406,77409,77412],{},[180,77394,36995,77395,1323,77397,77399],{},[25,77396,35862],{},[25,77398,75205],{}," positions",[180,77401,77402,77403,77405],{},"Assuming the ",[25,77404,75205],{}," index is included",[180,77407,77408],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[180,77410,77411],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[180,77413,77414],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77416,77417],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[18,77419,77421],{"className":20,"code":77420,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[25,77422,77423,77433,77447,77465,77479,77496],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77424,77425,77427,77429,77431],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77426,115],{"class":114},[28,77428,94],{"class":93},[28,77430,8115],{"class":120},[28,77432,101],{"class":93},[28,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77436,115],{"class":114},[28,77438,94],{"class":93},[28,77440,10941],{"class":114},[28,77442,94],{"class":93},[28,77444,8115],{"class":120},[28,77446,318],{"class":93},[28,77448,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,77450,115],{"class":114},[28,77452,94],{"class":93},[28,77454,8115],{"class":120},[28,77456,3669],{"class":93},[28,77458,2756],{"class":97},[28,77460,271],{"class":93},[28,77462,2275],{"class":97},[28,77464,3657],{"class":93},[28,77466,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,77468,115],{"class":114},[28,77470,94],{"class":93},[28,77472,8115],{"class":120},[28,77474,75314],{"class":93},[28,77476,1831],{"class":97},[28,77478,3657],{"class":93},[28,77480,77481,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,77482,115],{"class":114},[28,77484,94],{"class":93},[28,77486,8115],{"class":120},[28,77488,3669],{"class":93},[28,77490,1790],{"class":38},[28,77492,1831],{"class":97},[28,77494,77495],{"class":93},":])\n",[28,77497,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,77499,115],{"class":114},[28,77501,94],{"class":93},[28,77503,8115],{"class":120},[28,77505,73901],{"class":93},[28,77507,1790],{"class":38},[28,77509,2756],{"class":97},[28,77511,3657],{"class":93},[14,77513,8194,77514,77516,77517,77521],{},[25,77515,42151],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[381,77518,77520],{"href":77519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[172,77523,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,77525,77527],{"id":77526},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77529,77530],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1109,77532,77534],{"id":77533},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77536,77537],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1109,77539,4915,77541,39753],{"id":77540},"what-does-list-1-do",[25,77542,75840],{},[14,77544,77545],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1109,77547,77549,77550,2262],{"id":77548},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[25,77551,70510],{},[14,77553,77554],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[172,77556,1662],{"id":1661},[177,77558,77559,77564,77569,77573,77577,77581],{},[180,77560,77561],{},[381,77562,77563],{"href":50758},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[180,77565,77566],{},[381,77567,77568],{"href":56933},"How to create a list in Python",[180,77570,77571],{},[381,77572,14751],{"href":56999},[180,77574,77575],{},[381,77576,74586],{"href":74585},[180,77578,77579],{},[381,77580,77520],{"href":77519},[180,77582,77583],{},[381,77584,69038],{"href":69037},[14,77586,77587,77588,77590],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[25,77589,42151],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1699,77592,77593],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":77595},[77596,77597,77598,77599,77600,77601,77604,77608,77616,77617,77625],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":75369,"depth":53,"text":75370},{"id":75532,"depth":53,"text":75533},{"id":75794,"depth":53,"text":75795},{"id":76088,"depth":53,"text":76089},{"id":76334,"depth":53,"text":76335,"children":77602},[77603],{"id":76592,"depth":70,"text":76593},{"id":76646,"depth":53,"text":76647,"children":77605},[77606,77607],{"id":76653,"depth":70,"text":76654},{"id":76714,"depth":70,"text":76715},{"id":76921,"depth":53,"text":14961,"children":77609},[77610,77611,77612,77613,77615],{"id":76950,"depth":70,"text":76951},{"id":77039,"depth":70,"text":77040},{"id":77101,"depth":70,"text":77102},{"id":77217,"depth":70,"text":77614},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77344,"depth":70,"text":77345},{"id":77386,"depth":53,"text":77387},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":77618},[77619,77620,77621,77623],{"id":77526,"depth":70,"text":77527},{"id":77533,"depth":70,"text":77534},{"id":77540,"depth":70,"text":77622},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77548,"depth":70,"text":77624},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75192,"description":77626},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77633,"title":77634,"body":77635,"description":79704,"extension":1730,"meta":79705,"navigation":107,"path":79706,"seo":79707,"stem":79708,"__hash__":79709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77636,"toc":79670},[77637,77642,77648,77654,77656,77703,77710,77715,77719,77734,77737,77790,77792,77817,77822,77824,77856,77859,77875,77877,77938,77940,77965,77969,77974,78027,78029,78054,78059,78120,78122,78147,78150,78157,78161,78164,78225,78227,78260,78263,78324,78326,78359,78365,78438,78440,78472,78479,78484,78489,78491,78503,78506,78584,78586,78627,78630,78704,78706,78739,78744,78751,78758,78762,78771,78775,78783,78785,78852,78854,78890,78895,78906,78908,78913,78918,78920,78983,78985,79010,79017,79022,79026,79029,79069,79074,79080,79085,79087,79114,79119,79122,79169,79171,79228,79235,79240,79246,79315,79319,79322,79385,79387,79420,79425,79427,79430,79511,79513,79537,79543,79545,79550,79554,79561,79569,79573,79575,79598,79602,79604,79631,79634,79641,79644,79646,79667],[10,77638,54122,77640,11102],{"id":77639},"python-list-sort-method",[25,77641,64091],{},[14,77643,77644,77647],{},[25,77645,77646],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77649,77650,77651,77653],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[25,77652,64091],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[172,77655,1771],{"id":1770},[18,77657,77659],{"className":20,"code":77658,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[25,77660,77661,77681,77691],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77662,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77664,3383],{"class":34},[28,77666,39],{"class":38},[28,77668,3388],{"class":93},[28,77670,1831],{"class":97},[28,77672,2759],{"class":93},[28,77674,5273],{"class":97},[28,77676,2759],{"class":93},[28,77678,2762],{"class":97},[28,77680,3401],{"class":93},[28,77682,77683,77685,77687,77689],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77684,3415],{"class":34},[28,77686,385],{"class":93},[28,77688,34589],{"class":120},[28,77690,8420],{"class":93},[28,77692,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,77694,115],{"class":114},[28,77696,94],{"class":93},[28,77698,3415],{"class":120},[28,77700,3428],{"class":93},[28,77702,54712],{"class":1006},[14,77704,1631,77705,77707,77708,385],{},[25,77706,77646],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[25,77709,3546],{},[172,77711,3445,77713,3448],{"id":77712},"what-listsort-does",[25,77714,77646],{},[14,77716,77717,271],{},[25,77718,77646],{},[177,77720,77721,77724,77727,77731],{},[180,77722,77723],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[180,77725,77726],{},"Changes the original list",[180,77728,11204,77729],{},[25,77730,3546],{},[180,77732,77733],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77735,77736],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[18,77738,77740],{"className":20,"code":77739,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,77741,77742,77766,77776,77780],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77743,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752,77754,77756,77758,77760,77762,77764],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77745,3383],{"class":34},[28,77747,39],{"class":38},[28,77749,3388],{"class":93},[28,77751,1905],{"class":97},[28,77753,2759],{"class":93},[28,77755,2762],{"class":97},[28,77757,2759],{"class":93},[28,77759,53916],{"class":97},[28,77761,2759],{"class":93},[28,77763,5273],{"class":97},[28,77765,3401],{"class":93},[28,77767,77768,77770,77772,77774],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77769,3415],{"class":34},[28,77771,385],{"class":93},[28,77773,34589],{"class":120},[28,77775,8420],{"class":93},[28,77777,77778],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,77779,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,77781,77782,77784,77786,77788],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,77783,115],{"class":114},[28,77785,94],{"class":93},[28,77787,3415],{"class":120},[28,77789,101],{"class":93},[14,77791,336],{},[18,77793,77795],{"className":20,"code":77794,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[25,77796,77797],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77798,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77800,3669],{"class":93},[28,77802,2756],{"class":97},[28,77804,2759],{"class":93},[28,77806,2762],{"class":97},[28,77808,2759],{"class":93},[28,77810,4376],{"class":97},[28,77812,2759],{"class":93},[28,77814,53916],{"class":97},[28,77816,3401],{"class":93},[14,77818,77819,77820,385],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[381,77821,66856],{"href":50758},[172,77823,1927],{"id":1926},[18,77825,77827],{"className":20,"code":77826,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[25,77828,77829],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77830,77831,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77850,77852,77854],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77832,8115],{"class":34},[28,77834,385],{"class":93},[28,77836,34589],{"class":120},[28,77838,94],{"class":93},[28,77840,14627],{"class":8954},[28,77842,39],{"class":38},[28,77844,3546],{"class":776},[28,77846,2759],{"class":93},[28,77848,77849],{"class":8954}," reverse",[28,77851,39],{"class":38},[28,77853,3441],{"class":776},[28,77855,101],{"class":93},[14,77857,77858],{},"Main arguments:",[177,77860,77861,77866,77872],{},[180,77862,77863,77865],{},[25,77864,14627],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[180,77867,77868,77871],{},[25,77869,77870],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[180,77873,77874],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77876,924],{},[18,77878,77880],{"className":20,"code":77879,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,77881,77882,77906,77924,77928],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77883,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77885,3383],{"class":34},[28,77887,39],{"class":38},[28,77889,3388],{"class":93},[28,77891,2275],{"class":97},[28,77893,2759],{"class":93},[28,77895,5273],{"class":97},[28,77897,2759],{"class":93},[28,77899,5770],{"class":97},[28,77901,2759],{"class":93},[28,77903,2762],{"class":97},[28,77905,3401],{"class":93},[28,77907,77908,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,77909,3415],{"class":34},[28,77911,385],{"class":93},[28,77913,34589],{"class":120},[28,77915,94],{"class":93},[28,77917,73356],{"class":8954},[28,77919,39],{"class":38},[28,77921,777],{"class":776},[28,77923,101],{"class":93},[28,77925,77926],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,77927,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,77929,77930,77932,77934,77936],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,77931,115],{"class":114},[28,77933,94],{"class":93},[28,77935,3415],{"class":120},[28,77937,101],{"class":93},[14,77939,336],{},[18,77941,77943],{"className":20,"code":77942,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[25,77944,77945],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77946,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77948,3669],{"class":93},[28,77950,1793],{"class":97},[28,77952,2759],{"class":93},[28,77954,2226],{"class":97},[28,77956,2759],{"class":93},[28,77958,2762],{"class":97},[28,77960,2759],{"class":93},[28,77962,5273],{"class":97},[28,77964,3401],{"class":93},[172,77966,77968],{"id":77967},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77970,1631,77971,77973],{},[25,77972,64091],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[18,77975,77977],{"className":20,"code":77976,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,77978,77979,78003,78013,78017],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,77980,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,77982,3383],{"class":34},[28,77984,39],{"class":38},[28,77986,3388],{"class":93},[28,77988,2099],{"class":97},[28,77990,2759],{"class":93},[28,77992,2221],{"class":97},[28,77994,2759],{"class":93},[28,77996,6136],{"class":97},[28,77998,2759],{"class":93},[28,78000,5273],{"class":97},[28,78002,3401],{"class":93},[28,78004,78005,78007,78009,78011],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78006,3415],{"class":34},[28,78008,385],{"class":93},[28,78010,34589],{"class":120},[28,78012,8420],{"class":93},[28,78014,78015],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78016,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78018,78019,78021,78023,78025],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78020,115],{"class":114},[28,78022,94],{"class":93},[28,78024,3415],{"class":120},[28,78026,101],{"class":93},[14,78028,336],{},[18,78030,78032],{"className":20,"code":78031,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[25,78033,78034],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78035,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78037,3669],{"class":93},[28,78039,2756],{"class":97},[28,78041,2759],{"class":93},[28,78043,2221],{"class":97},[28,78045,2759],{"class":93},[28,78047,6136],{"class":97},[28,78049,2759],{"class":93},[28,78051,5781],{"class":97},[28,78053,3401],{"class":93},[14,78055,1631,78056,78058],{},[25,78057,77870],{}," for descending order:",[18,78060,78062],{"className":20,"code":78061,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,78063,78064,78088,78106,78110],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78065,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78067,3383],{"class":34},[28,78069,39],{"class":38},[28,78071,3388],{"class":93},[28,78073,2099],{"class":97},[28,78075,2759],{"class":93},[28,78077,2221],{"class":97},[28,78079,2759],{"class":93},[28,78081,6136],{"class":97},[28,78083,2759],{"class":93},[28,78085,5273],{"class":97},[28,78087,3401],{"class":93},[28,78089,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78091,3415],{"class":34},[28,78093,385],{"class":93},[28,78095,34589],{"class":120},[28,78097,94],{"class":93},[28,78099,73356],{"class":8954},[28,78101,39],{"class":38},[28,78103,777],{"class":776},[28,78105,101],{"class":93},[28,78107,78108],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78109,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78111,78112,78114,78116,78118],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78113,115],{"class":114},[28,78115,94],{"class":93},[28,78117,3415],{"class":120},[28,78119,101],{"class":93},[14,78121,336],{},[18,78123,78125],{"className":20,"code":78124,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[25,78126,78127],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78128,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78130,3669],{"class":93},[28,78132,2099],{"class":97},[28,78134,2759],{"class":93},[28,78136,6136],{"class":97},[28,78138,2759],{"class":93},[28,78140,2221],{"class":97},[28,78142,2759],{"class":93},[28,78144,5273],{"class":97},[28,78146,3401],{"class":93},[14,78148,78149],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78151,78152,78153,385],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[381,78154,78156],{"href":78155},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[172,78158,78160],{"id":78159},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78162,78163],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[18,78165,78167],{"className":20,"code":78166,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,78168,78169,78201,78211,78215],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78170,78171,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78172,3840],{"class":34},[28,78174,39],{"class":38},[28,78176,3388],{"class":93},[28,78178,234],{"class":42},[28,78180,3858],{"class":46},[28,78182,234],{"class":42},[28,78184,2759],{"class":93},[28,78186,43],{"class":42},[28,78188,3849],{"class":46},[28,78190,234],{"class":42},[28,78192,2759],{"class":93},[28,78194,43],{"class":42},[28,78196,3867],{"class":46},[28,78198,234],{"class":42},[28,78200,3401],{"class":93},[28,78202,78203,78205,78207,78209],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78204,3884],{"class":34},[28,78206,385],{"class":93},[28,78208,34589],{"class":120},[28,78210,8420],{"class":93},[28,78212,78213],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78214,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78216,78217,78219,78221,78223],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78218,115],{"class":114},[28,78220,94],{"class":93},[28,78222,3884],{"class":120},[28,78224,101],{"class":93},[14,78226,336],{},[18,78228,78230],{"className":20,"code":78229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[25,78231,78232],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78233,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78235,3669],{"class":93},[28,78237,358],{"class":42},[28,78239,3849],{"class":46},[28,78241,358],{"class":42},[28,78243,2759],{"class":93},[28,78245,61],{"class":42},[28,78247,3858],{"class":46},[28,78249,358],{"class":42},[28,78251,2759],{"class":93},[28,78253,61],{"class":42},[28,78255,3867],{"class":46},[28,78257,358],{"class":42},[28,78259,3401],{"class":93},[14,78261,78262],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[18,78264,78266],{"className":20,"code":78265,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,78267,78268,78300,78310,78314],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78269,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78271,3840],{"class":34},[28,78273,39],{"class":38},[28,78275,3388],{"class":93},[28,78277,234],{"class":42},[28,78279,3858],{"class":46},[28,78281,234],{"class":42},[28,78283,2759],{"class":93},[28,78285,43],{"class":42},[28,78287,57548],{"class":46},[28,78289,234],{"class":42},[28,78291,2759],{"class":93},[28,78293,43],{"class":42},[28,78295,3867],{"class":46},[28,78297,234],{"class":42},[28,78299,3401],{"class":93},[28,78301,78302,78304,78306,78308],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78303,3884],{"class":34},[28,78305,385],{"class":93},[28,78307,34589],{"class":120},[28,78309,8420],{"class":93},[28,78311,78312],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78313,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78315,78316,78318,78320,78322],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78317,115],{"class":114},[28,78319,94],{"class":93},[28,78321,3884],{"class":120},[28,78323,101],{"class":93},[14,78325,336],{},[18,78327,78329],{"className":20,"code":78328,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[25,78330,78331],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78332,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78334,3669],{"class":93},[28,78336,358],{"class":42},[28,78338,57548],{"class":46},[28,78340,358],{"class":42},[28,78342,2759],{"class":93},[28,78344,61],{"class":42},[28,78346,3858],{"class":46},[28,78348,358],{"class":42},[28,78350,2759],{"class":93},[28,78352,61],{"class":42},[28,78354,3867],{"class":46},[28,78356,358],{"class":42},[28,78358,3401],{"class":93},[14,78360,78361,78362,271],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[25,78363,78364],{},"key=str.lower",[18,78366,78368],{"className":20,"code":78367,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,78369,78370,78402,78424,78428],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78371,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78373,3840],{"class":34},[28,78375,39],{"class":38},[28,78377,3388],{"class":93},[28,78379,234],{"class":42},[28,78381,3858],{"class":46},[28,78383,234],{"class":42},[28,78385,2759],{"class":93},[28,78387,43],{"class":42},[28,78389,57548],{"class":46},[28,78391,234],{"class":42},[28,78393,2759],{"class":93},[28,78395,43],{"class":42},[28,78397,3867],{"class":46},[28,78399,234],{"class":42},[28,78401,3401],{"class":93},[28,78403,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78405,3884],{"class":34},[28,78407,385],{"class":93},[28,78409,34589],{"class":120},[28,78411,94],{"class":93},[28,78413,14627],{"class":8954},[28,78415,39],{"class":38},[28,78417,355],{"class":89},[28,78419,385],{"class":93},[28,78421,8417],{"class":24538},[28,78423,101],{"class":93},[28,78425,78426],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78427,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78429,78430,78432,78434,78436],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78431,115],{"class":114},[28,78433,94],{"class":93},[28,78435,3884],{"class":120},[28,78437,101],{"class":93},[14,78439,336],{},[18,78441,78442],{"className":20,"code":78328,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,78443,78444],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78445,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78447,3669],{"class":93},[28,78449,358],{"class":42},[28,78451,57548],{"class":46},[28,78453,358],{"class":42},[28,78455,2759],{"class":93},[28,78457,61],{"class":42},[28,78459,3858],{"class":46},[28,78461,358],{"class":42},[28,78463,2759],{"class":93},[28,78465,61],{"class":42},[28,78467,3867],{"class":46},[28,78469,358],{"class":42},[28,78471,3401],{"class":93},[14,78473,78474,78475,78478],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[25,78476,78477],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[172,78480,36403,78482,36406],{"id":78481},"using-the-key-argument",[25,78483,14627],{},[14,78485,679,78486,78488],{},[25,78487,14627],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78490,7118],{},[177,78492,78493,78498],{},[180,78494,78495,78497],{},[25,78496,10941],{}," to sort by length",[180,78499,78500,78502],{},[25,78501,78477],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78504,78505],{},"Sort words by length:",[18,78507,78509],{"className":20,"code":78508,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,78510,78511,78552,78570,78574],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78514,3840],{"class":34},[28,78516,39],{"class":38},[28,78518,3388],{"class":93},[28,78520,234],{"class":42},[28,78522,78523],{"class":46},"pear",[28,78525,234],{"class":42},[28,78527,2759],{"class":93},[28,78529,43],{"class":42},[28,78531,3858],{"class":46},[28,78533,234],{"class":42},[28,78535,2759],{"class":93},[28,78537,43],{"class":42},[28,78539,38150],{"class":46},[28,78541,234],{"class":42},[28,78543,2759],{"class":93},[28,78545,43],{"class":42},[28,78547,3849],{"class":46},[28,78549,234],{"class":42},[28,78551,3401],{"class":93},[28,78553,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78555,3884],{"class":34},[28,78557,385],{"class":93},[28,78559,34589],{"class":120},[28,78561,94],{"class":93},[28,78563,14627],{"class":8954},[28,78565,39],{"class":38},[28,78567,10941],{"class":114},[28,78569,101],{"class":93},[28,78571,78572],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78573,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78577,115],{"class":114},[28,78579,94],{"class":93},[28,78581,3884],{"class":120},[28,78583,101],{"class":93},[14,78585,336],{},[18,78587,78589],{"className":20,"code":78588,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[25,78590,78591],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78592,78593,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78594,3669],{"class":93},[28,78596,358],{"class":42},[28,78598,38150],{"class":46},[28,78600,358],{"class":42},[28,78602,2759],{"class":93},[28,78604,61],{"class":42},[28,78606,78523],{"class":46},[28,78608,358],{"class":42},[28,78610,2759],{"class":93},[28,78612,61],{"class":42},[28,78614,3849],{"class":46},[28,78616,358],{"class":42},[28,78618,2759],{"class":93},[28,78620,61],{"class":42},[28,78622,3858],{"class":46},[28,78624,358],{"class":42},[28,78626,3401],{"class":93},[14,78628,78629],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[18,78631,78633],{"className":20,"code":78632,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,78634,78635,78668,78690,78694],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78636,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78664,78666],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78638,3840],{"class":34},[28,78640,39],{"class":38},[28,78642,3388],{"class":93},[28,78644,234],{"class":42},[28,78646,4785],{"class":46},[28,78648,234],{"class":42},[28,78650,2759],{"class":93},[28,78652,43],{"class":42},[28,78654,17590],{"class":46},[28,78656,234],{"class":42},[28,78658,2759],{"class":93},[28,78660,43],{"class":42},[28,78662,78663],{"class":46},"Carol",[28,78665,234],{"class":42},[28,78667,3401],{"class":93},[28,78669,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78671,3884],{"class":34},[28,78673,385],{"class":93},[28,78675,34589],{"class":120},[28,78677,94],{"class":93},[28,78679,14627],{"class":8954},[28,78681,39],{"class":38},[28,78683,355],{"class":89},[28,78685,385],{"class":93},[28,78687,8417],{"class":24538},[28,78689,101],{"class":93},[28,78691,78692],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78693,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78695,78696,78698,78700,78702],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78697,115],{"class":114},[28,78699,94],{"class":93},[28,78701,3884],{"class":120},[28,78703,101],{"class":93},[14,78705,336],{},[18,78707,78709],{"className":20,"code":78708,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[25,78710,78711],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78712,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78714,3669],{"class":93},[28,78716,358],{"class":42},[28,78718,17590],{"class":46},[28,78720,358],{"class":42},[28,78722,2759],{"class":93},[28,78724,61],{"class":42},[28,78726,4785],{"class":46},[28,78728,358],{"class":42},[28,78730,2759],{"class":93},[28,78732,61],{"class":42},[28,78734,78663],{"class":46},[28,78736,358],{"class":42},[28,78738,3401],{"class":93},[14,78740,679,78741,78743],{},[25,78742,14627],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[172,78745,78747,10365,78749],{"id":78746},"listsort-vs-sorted",[25,78748,77646],{},[25,78750,74203],{},[14,78752,78753,1323,78755,78757],{},[25,78754,77646],{},[25,78756,74203],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78759,78760,271],{},[25,78761,77646],{},[177,78763,78764,78767],{},[180,78765,78766],{},"Changes the existing list",[180,78768,11204,78769],{},[25,78770,3546],{},[14,78772,78773,271],{},[25,78774,74203],{},[177,78776,78777,78780],{},[180,78778,78779],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[180,78781,78782],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78784,924],{},[18,78786,78788],{"className":20,"code":78787,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[25,78789,78790,78810,78814,78828,78832,78842],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78791,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78793,3383],{"class":34},[28,78795,39],{"class":38},[28,78797,3388],{"class":93},[28,78799,1831],{"class":97},[28,78801,2759],{"class":93},[28,78803,5273],{"class":97},[28,78805,2759],{"class":93},[28,78807,2762],{"class":97},[28,78809,3401],{"class":93},[28,78811,78812],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78813,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78815,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78817,55670],{"class":34},[28,78819,39],{"class":38},[28,78821,74337],{"class":114},[28,78823,94],{"class":93},[28,78825,3415],{"class":120},[28,78827,101],{"class":93},[28,78829,78830],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78831,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78833,78834,78836,78838,78840],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,78835,115],{"class":114},[28,78837,94],{"class":93},[28,78839,3415],{"class":120},[28,78841,101],{"class":93},[28,78843,78844,78846,78848,78850],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,78845,115],{"class":114},[28,78847,94],{"class":93},[28,78849,74060],{"class":120},[28,78851,101],{"class":93},[14,78853,336],{},[18,78855,78856],{"className":20,"code":74372,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,78857,78858,78874],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78859,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78861,3669],{"class":93},[28,78863,1831],{"class":97},[28,78865,2759],{"class":93},[28,78867,5273],{"class":97},[28,78869,2759],{"class":93},[28,78871,2762],{"class":97},[28,78873,3401],{"class":93},[28,78875,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78877,3669],{"class":93},[28,78879,2756],{"class":97},[28,78881,2759],{"class":93},[28,78883,2762],{"class":97},[28,78885,2759],{"class":93},[28,78887,2221],{"class":97},[28,78889,3401],{"class":93},[14,78891,1631,78892,78894],{},[25,78893,74203],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78896,78897,78898,1323,78902,385],{},"You can learn more in ",[381,78899,858,78900,5559],{"href":74300},[25,78901,74203],{},[381,78903,78905],{"href":78904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[172,78907,1104],{"id":1103},[14,78909,78910,78911,385],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[25,78912,77646],{},[1109,78914,12377,78916],{"id":78915},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[25,78917,64091],{},[14,78919,25479],{},[18,78921,78923],{"className":20,"code":78922,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,78924,78925,78945,78959,78963,78973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78926,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78928,3383],{"class":34},[28,78930,39],{"class":38},[28,78932,3388],{"class":93},[28,78934,1831],{"class":97},[28,78936,2759],{"class":93},[28,78938,5273],{"class":97},[28,78940,2759],{"class":93},[28,78942,2762],{"class":97},[28,78944,3401],{"class":93},[28,78946,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78948,1999],{"class":34},[28,78950,39],{"class":38},[28,78952,4034],{"class":34},[28,78954,385],{"class":93},[28,78956,34589],{"class":120},[28,78958,8420],{"class":93},[28,78960,78961],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,78962,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,78964,78965,78967,78969,78971],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,78966,115],{"class":114},[28,78968,94],{"class":93},[28,78970,2033],{"class":120},[28,78972,101],{"class":93},[28,78974,78975,78977,78979,78981],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,78976,115],{"class":114},[28,78978,94],{"class":93},[28,78980,3415],{"class":120},[28,78982,101],{"class":93},[14,78984,336],{},[18,78986,78988],{"className":20,"code":78987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[25,78989,78990,78994],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,78991,78992],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,78993,11590],{"class":776},[28,78995,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,78997,3669],{"class":93},[28,78999,2756],{"class":97},[28,79001,2759],{"class":93},[28,79003,2762],{"class":97},[28,79005,2759],{"class":93},[28,79007,2221],{"class":97},[28,79009,3401],{"class":93},[14,79011,79012,79014,79015,385],{},[25,79013,64091],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[25,79016,3546],{},[14,79018,79019,79020,6406],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[25,79021,74203],{},[1109,79023,79025],{"id":79024},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79027,79028],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[18,79030,79032],{"className":20,"code":79031,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[25,79033,79034,79059],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79035,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79051,79053,79055,79057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79037,7555],{"class":34},[28,79039,39],{"class":38},[28,79041,3388],{"class":93},[28,79043,2756],{"class":97},[28,79045,2759],{"class":93},[28,79047,43],{"class":42},[28,79049,79050],{"class":46},"two",[28,79052,234],{"class":42},[28,79054,2759],{"class":93},[28,79056,2221],{"class":97},[28,79058,3401],{"class":93},[28,79060,79061,79063,79065,79067],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79062,7586],{"class":34},[28,79064,385],{"class":93},[28,79066,34589],{"class":120},[28,79068,8420],{"class":93},[14,79070,2772,79071,79073],{},[25,79072,2775],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1109,79075,4476,79077,79079],{"id":79076},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[25,79078,64091],{}," only works on lists",[14,79081,79082,79084],{},[25,79083,64091],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79086,16429],{},[18,79088,79090],{"className":20,"code":79089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[25,79091,79092,79104],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79093,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79095,84],{"class":34},[28,79097,39],{"class":38},[28,79099,43],{"class":42},[28,79101,22],{"class":46},[28,79103,50],{"class":42},[28,79105,79106,79108,79110,79112],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79107,157],{"class":34},[28,79109,385],{"class":93},[28,79111,34589],{"class":120},[28,79113,8420],{"class":93},[14,79115,79116,79117,33392],{},"Strings do not have a ",[25,79118,64091],{},[14,79120,79121],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[18,79123,79125],{"className":20,"code":79124,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[25,79126,79127,79145,79155,79159],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79128,79129,79131,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79130,35880],{"class":34},[28,79132,39],{"class":38},[28,79134,22347],{"class":89},[28,79136,94],{"class":93},[28,79138,234],{"class":42},[28,79140,22],{"class":46},[28,79142,234],{"class":42},[28,79144,101],{"class":93},[28,79146,79147,79149,79151,79153],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79148,35933],{"class":34},[28,79150,385],{"class":93},[28,79152,34589],{"class":120},[28,79154,8420],{"class":93},[28,79156,79157],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,79158,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,79160,79161,79163,79165,79167],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,79162,115],{"class":114},[28,79164,94],{"class":93},[28,79166,35933],{"class":120},[28,79168,101],{"class":93},[14,79170,336],{},[18,79172,79174],{"className":20,"code":79173,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[25,79175,79176],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79179,3669],{"class":93},[28,79181,358],{"class":42},[28,79183,60219],{"class":46},[28,79185,358],{"class":42},[28,79187,2759],{"class":93},[28,79189,61],{"class":42},[28,79191,75809],{"class":46},[28,79193,358],{"class":42},[28,79195,2759],{"class":93},[28,79197,61],{"class":42},[28,79199,60254],{"class":46},[28,79201,358],{"class":42},[28,79203,2759],{"class":93},[28,79205,61],{"class":42},[28,79207,14],{"class":46},[28,79209,358],{"class":42},[28,79211,2759],{"class":93},[28,79213,61],{"class":42},[28,79215,63066],{"class":46},[28,79217,358],{"class":42},[28,79219,2759],{"class":93},[28,79221,61],{"class":42},[28,79223,11527],{"class":46},[28,79225,358],{"class":42},[28,79227,3401],{"class":93},[1109,79229,79231,79232,79234],{"id":79230},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[25,79233,14627],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79236,79237,79238,385],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[25,79239,14627],{},[14,79241,79242,79243,79245],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[25,79244,64091],{}," will not do that:",[18,79247,79249],{"className":20,"code":79248,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,79250,79251,79283,79301,79305],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79252,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79254,3840],{"class":34},[28,79256,39],{"class":38},[28,79258,3388],{"class":93},[28,79260,234],{"class":42},[28,79262,3858],{"class":46},[28,79264,234],{"class":42},[28,79266,2759],{"class":93},[28,79268,43],{"class":42},[28,79270,38150],{"class":46},[28,79272,234],{"class":42},[28,79274,2759],{"class":93},[28,79276,43],{"class":42},[28,79278,3849],{"class":46},[28,79280,234],{"class":42},[28,79282,3401],{"class":93},[28,79284,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79286,3884],{"class":34},[28,79288,385],{"class":93},[28,79290,34589],{"class":120},[28,79292,94],{"class":93},[28,79294,14627],{"class":8954},[28,79296,39],{"class":38},[28,79298,10941],{"class":114},[28,79300,101],{"class":93},[28,79302,79303],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,79304,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,79306,79307,79309,79311,79313],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,79308,115],{"class":114},[28,79310,94],{"class":93},[28,79312,3884],{"class":120},[28,79314,101],{"class":93},[1109,79316,79318],{"id":79317},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79320,79321],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[18,79323,79325],{"className":20,"code":79324,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,79326,79327,79361,79371,79375],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79328,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79357,79359],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79330,3840],{"class":34},[28,79332,39],{"class":38},[28,79334,3388],{"class":93},[28,79336,234],{"class":42},[28,79338,79339],{"class":46},"zebra",[28,79341,234],{"class":42},[28,79343,2759],{"class":93},[28,79345,43],{"class":42},[28,79347,57548],{"class":46},[28,79349,234],{"class":42},[28,79351,2759],{"class":93},[28,79353,43],{"class":42},[28,79355,79356],{"class":46},"monkey",[28,79358,234],{"class":42},[28,79360,3401],{"class":93},[28,79362,79363,79365,79367,79369],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79364,3884],{"class":34},[28,79366,385],{"class":93},[28,79368,34589],{"class":120},[28,79370,8420],{"class":93},[28,79372,79373],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,79374,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,79376,79377,79379,79381,79383],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,79378,115],{"class":114},[28,79380,94],{"class":93},[28,79382,3884],{"class":120},[28,79384,101],{"class":93},[14,79386,336],{},[18,79388,79390],{"className":20,"code":79389,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[25,79391,79392],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79393,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79395,3669],{"class":93},[28,79397,358],{"class":42},[28,79399,57548],{"class":46},[28,79401,358],{"class":42},[28,79403,2759],{"class":93},[28,79405,61],{"class":42},[28,79407,79356],{"class":46},[28,79409,358],{"class":42},[28,79411,2759],{"class":93},[28,79413,61],{"class":42},[28,79415,79339],{"class":46},[28,79417,358],{"class":42},[28,79419,3401],{"class":93},[14,79421,1631,79422,79424],{},[25,79423,78364],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1109,79426,1517],{"id":1516},[14,79428,79429],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[18,79431,79433],{"className":20,"code":79432,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[25,79434,79435,79445,79459,79473,79487],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79436,79437,79439,79441,79443],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79438,115],{"class":114},[28,79440,94],{"class":93},[28,79442,8115],{"class":120},[28,79444,101],{"class":93},[28,79446,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79448,115],{"class":114},[28,79450,94],{"class":93},[28,79452,311],{"class":89},[28,79454,94],{"class":93},[28,79456,8115],{"class":120},[28,79458,318],{"class":93},[28,79460,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,79462,115],{"class":114},[28,79464,94],{"class":93},[28,79466,8115],{"class":120},[28,79468,385],{"class":93},[28,79470,34589],{"class":120},[28,79472,6970],{"class":93},[28,79474,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,79476,115],{"class":114},[28,79478,94],{"class":93},[28,79480,74293],{"class":114},[28,79482,94],{"class":93},[28,79484,8115],{"class":120},[28,79486,318],{"class":93},[28,79488,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,79490,115],{"class":114},[28,79492,2753],{"class":93},[28,79494,311],{"class":89},[28,79496,94],{"class":93},[28,79498,23098],{"class":120},[28,79500,3428],{"class":93},[28,79502,3645],{"class":3644},[28,79504,5737],{"class":120},[28,79506,3651],{"class":3644},[28,79508,8172],{"class":120},[28,79510,3657],{"class":93},[14,79512,10950],{},[177,79514,79515,79518,79521,79528,79534],{},[180,79516,79517],{},"What values are in the list",[180,79519,79520],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[180,79522,79523,79524,2166,79526],{},"That ",[25,79525,64091],{},[25,79527,3546],{},[180,79529,79530,79531,79533],{},"Whether ",[25,79532,74203],{}," works better for your case",[180,79535,79536],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79538,79539,79540,79542],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[25,79541,2775],{}," problems.",[172,79544,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,79546,12487,79548,55249],{"id":79547},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[25,79549,77646],{},[14,79551,62382,79552,385],{},[25,79553,3546],{},[1109,79555,4953,79557,1323,79559,2262],{"id":79556},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[25,79558,64091],{},[25,79560,74203],{},[14,79562,79563,79565,79566,79568],{},[25,79564,64091],{}," changes the list itself. ",[25,79567,74203],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1109,79570,79572],{"id":79571},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79574,18482],{},[18,79576,79578],{"className":20,"code":79577,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[25,79579,79580],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79581,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79583,8115],{"class":34},[28,79585,385],{"class":93},[28,79587,34589],{"class":120},[28,79589,94],{"class":93},[28,79591,73356],{"class":8954},[28,79593,39],{"class":38},[28,79595,777],{"class":776},[28,79597,101],{"class":93},[1109,79599,79601],{"id":79600},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79603,18482],{},[18,79605,79607],{"className":20,"code":79606,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[25,79608,79609],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79610,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79612,8115],{"class":34},[28,79614,385],{"class":93},[28,79616,34589],{"class":120},[28,79618,94],{"class":93},[28,79620,14627],{"class":8954},[28,79622,39],{"class":38},[28,79624,355],{"class":89},[28,79626,385],{"class":93},[28,79628,8417],{"class":24538},[28,79630,101],{"class":93},[14,79632,79633],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1109,79635,79637,79638,79640],{"id":79636},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[25,79639,2775],{}," when sorting?",[14,79642,79643],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[172,79645,1662],{"id":1661},[177,79647,79648,79653,79659,79663],{},[180,79649,79650],{},[381,79651,79652],{"href":78155},"How to sort a list in Python",[180,79654,79655],{},[381,79656,858,79657,5559],{"href":74300},[25,79658,74203],{},[180,79660,79661],{},[381,79662,66856],{"href":50758},[180,79664,79665],{},[381,79666,78905],{"href":78904},[1699,79668,79669],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":79671},[79672,79673,79675,79676,79677,79678,79680,79682,79693,79703],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":77712,"depth":53,"text":79674},"What list.sort() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":77967,"depth":53,"text":77968},{"id":78159,"depth":53,"text":78160},{"id":78481,"depth":53,"text":79679},"Using the key argument",{"id":78746,"depth":53,"text":79681},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":79683},[79684,79686,79687,79689,79691,79692],{"id":78915,"depth":70,"text":79685},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79024,"depth":70,"text":79025},{"id":79076,"depth":70,"text":79688},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79230,"depth":70,"text":79690},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79317,"depth":70,"text":79318},{"id":1516,"depth":70,"text":1517},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":79694},[79695,79697,79699,79700,79701],{"id":79547,"depth":70,"text":79696},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79556,"depth":70,"text":79698},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79571,"depth":70,"text":79572},{"id":79600,"depth":70,"text":79601},{"id":79636,"depth":70,"text":79702},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77634,"description":79704},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79711,"title":79712,"body":79713,"description":82343,"extension":1730,"meta":82344,"navigation":107,"path":82345,"seo":82346,"stem":82347,"__hash__":82348},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79714,"toc":82302},[79715,79720,79725,79728,79739,79742,79762,79764,79826,79828,79869,79878,79883,79888,79894,79905,79907,79926,79929,79934,79939,79941,79946,79960,79962,79980,79983,80000,80003,80009,80032,80037,80039,80042,80103,80105,80138,80140,80178,80186,80196,80202,80207,80300,80302,80326,80328,80346,80349,80380,80386,80391,80394,80396,80521,80523,80547,80549,80568,80574,80580,80699,80701,80718,80725,80731,80736,80743,80749,80751,80808,80811,80832,80835,80838,80899,80901,80934,80938,81008,81010,81027,81031,81034,81109,81111,81148,81151,81154,81225,81227,81288,81293,81298,81301,81315,81317,81390,81392,81412,81415,81418,81475,81537,81540,81572,81575,81590,81595,81597,81603,81606,81662,81665,81667,81686,81690,81692,81736,81745,81747,81807,81811,81814,81816,81909,81911,82026,82030,82032,82106,82109,82112,82114,82119,82184,82186,82210,82220,82222,82228,82237,82246,82255,82261,82264,82268,82271,82273,82299],[10,79716,858,79718,3344],{"id":79717},"python-map-function-explained",[25,79719,39509],{},[14,79721,3347,79722,79724],{},[25,79723,39509],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79726,79727],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[177,79729,79730,79733,79736],{},[180,79731,79732],{},"converting numbers to strings",[180,79734,79735],{},"changing strings to integers",[180,79737,79738],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79740,79741],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[177,79743,79744,79751,79757],{},[180,79745,79746,13839,79748,79750],{},[25,79747,39509],{},[163,79749,4402],{}," return a list in Python 3",[180,79752,79753,79754],{},"it returns a ",[163,79755,79756],{},"map object",[180,79758,79759,79760],{},"you often convert that result with ",[25,79761,24569],{},[172,79763,1771],{"id":1770},[18,79765,79767],{"className":20,"code":79766,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,79768,79769,79793,79812],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79770,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79772,3383],{"class":34},[28,79774,39],{"class":38},[28,79776,3388],{"class":93},[28,79778,2756],{"class":97},[28,79780,2759],{"class":93},[28,79782,2762],{"class":97},[28,79784,2759],{"class":93},[28,79786,2221],{"class":97},[28,79788,2759],{"class":93},[28,79790,2226],{"class":97},[28,79792,3401],{"class":93},[28,79794,79795,79797,79799,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,79796,1999],{"class":34},[28,79798,39],{"class":38},[28,79800,79801],{"class":114}," map",[28,79803,94],{"class":93},[28,79805,355],{"class":89},[28,79807,2759],{"class":93},[28,79809,4034],{"class":120},[28,79811,101],{"class":93},[28,79813,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,79815,115],{"class":114},[28,79817,94],{"class":93},[28,79819,7869],{"class":89},[28,79821,94],{"class":93},[28,79823,2033],{"class":120},[28,79825,318],{"class":93},[14,79827,336],{},[18,79829,79831],{"className":20,"code":79830,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[25,79832,79833],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79834,79835,79837,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79836,3669],{"class":93},[28,79838,358],{"class":42},[28,79840,2756],{"class":46},[28,79842,358],{"class":42},[28,79844,2759],{"class":93},[28,79846,61],{"class":42},[28,79848,1825],{"class":46},[28,79850,358],{"class":42},[28,79852,2759],{"class":93},[28,79854,61],{"class":42},[28,79856,1831],{"class":46},[28,79858,358],{"class":42},[28,79860,2759],{"class":93},[28,79862,61],{"class":42},[28,79864,2275],{"class":46},[28,79866,358],{"class":42},[28,79868,3401],{"class":93},[14,79870,1631,79871,79874,79875,79877],{},[25,79872,79873],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[25,79876,24569],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[172,79879,3445,79881,3448],{"id":79880},"what-map-does",[25,79882,39509],{},[14,79884,79885,79887],{},[25,79886,39509],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79889,79890,79891,79893],{},"An ",[163,79892,3489],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[177,79895,79896,79898,79900,79902],{},[180,79897,37693],{},[180,79899,37696],{},[180,79901,37699],{},[180,79903,79904],{},"a range object",[14,79906,30515],{},[18,79908,79910],{"className":20,"code":79909,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"map(function, iterable)\n",[25,79911,79912],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79913,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79915,39652],{"class":114},[28,79917,94],{"class":93},[28,79919,37652],{"class":120},[28,79921,2759],{"class":93},[28,79923,37657],{"class":120},[28,79925,101],{"class":93},[14,79927,79928],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79930,79931,79932,33533],{},"Important: the result is a ",[163,79933,79756],{},[14,79935,79936,79937,385],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[381,79938,4909],{"href":4908},[172,79940,1927],{"id":1926},[14,79942,79943,79945],{},[25,79944,39509],{}," needs at least two parts:",[177,79947,79948,79954],{},[180,79949,79950,79953],{},[163,79951,79952],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[180,79955,79956,79959],{},[163,79957,79958],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79961,3474],{},[18,79963,79964],{"className":20,"code":79909,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,79965,79966],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,79967,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,79969,39652],{"class":114},[28,79971,94],{"class":93},[28,79973,37652],{"class":120},[28,79975,2759],{"class":93},[28,79977,37657],{"class":120},[28,79979,101],{"class":93},[14,79981,79982],{},"You can pass:",[177,79984,79985,79994,79997],{},[180,79986,79987,79988,1959,79990,1963,79992],{},"built-in functions like ",[25,79989,355],{},[25,79991,372],{},[25,79993,1785],{},[180,79995,79996],{},"your own custom function",[180,79998,79999],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80001,80002],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80004,80005,80006,80008],{},"You will often see ",[25,80007,39509],{}," used like this:",[18,80010,80012],{"className":20,"code":80011,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list(map(function, values))\n",[25,80013,80014],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80015,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80017,7869],{"class":89},[28,80019,94],{"class":93},[28,80021,39652],{"class":114},[28,80023,94],{"class":93},[28,80025,37652],{"class":120},[28,80027,2759],{"class":93},[28,80029,3654],{"class":120},[28,80031,318],{"class":93},[14,80033,6452,80034,80036],{},[25,80035,24569],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[172,80038,11256],{"id":11255},[14,80040,80041],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[18,80043,80045],{"className":20,"code":80044,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,80046,80047,80067,80085,80089],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80048,80049,80051,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80050,3383],{"class":34},[28,80052,39],{"class":38},[28,80054,3388],{"class":93},[28,80056,2099],{"class":97},[28,80058,2759],{"class":93},[28,80060,7566],{"class":97},[28,80062,2759],{"class":93},[28,80064,7571],{"class":97},[28,80066,3401],{"class":93},[28,80068,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80070,1999],{"class":34},[28,80072,39],{"class":38},[28,80074,79801],{"class":114},[28,80076,94],{"class":93},[28,80078,355],{"class":89},[28,80080,2759],{"class":93},[28,80082,4034],{"class":120},[28,80084,101],{"class":93},[28,80086,80087],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80088,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80090,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80092,115],{"class":114},[28,80094,94],{"class":93},[28,80096,7869],{"class":89},[28,80098,94],{"class":93},[28,80100,2033],{"class":120},[28,80102,318],{"class":93},[14,80104,336],{},[18,80106,80108],{"className":20,"code":80107,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[25,80109,80110],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80111,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80113,3669],{"class":93},[28,80115,358],{"class":42},[28,80117,2099],{"class":46},[28,80119,358],{"class":42},[28,80121,2759],{"class":93},[28,80123,61],{"class":42},[28,80125,15539],{"class":46},[28,80127,358],{"class":42},[28,80129,2759],{"class":93},[28,80131,61],{"class":42},[28,80133,36632],{"class":46},[28,80135,358],{"class":42},[28,80137,3401],{"class":93},[14,80139,11465],{},[177,80141,80142,80147,80155,80162,80170],{},[180,80143,80144,80146],{},[25,80145,3415],{}," contains integers",[180,80148,80149,80152,80153],{},[25,80150,80151],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[25,80154,169],{},[180,80156,80157,41946,80159],{},[25,80158,1647],{},[25,80160,80161],{},"'10'",[180,80163,80164,41946,80167],{},[25,80165,80166],{},"str(20)",[25,80168,80169],{},"'20'",[180,80171,80172,41946,80175],{},[25,80173,80174],{},"str(30)",[25,80176,80177],{},"'30'",[14,80179,53433,80180,80182,80183,80185],{},[25,80181,39509],{}," applies ",[25,80184,169],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80187,80188,80189,80191,80192,385],{},"If you want to understand ",[25,80190,24569],{}," better, see ",[381,80193,858,80194,861],{"href":64626},[25,80195,24569],{},[172,80197,8194,80199,80201],{"id":80198},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[25,80200,39509],{}," with your own function",[14,80203,15499,80204,80206],{},[25,80205,39509],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[18,80208,80210],{"className":20,"code":80209,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,80211,80212,80225,80235,80239,80263,80282,80286],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80213,80214,80216,80219,80221,80223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80215,34641],{"class":349},[28,80217,80218],{"class":34644}," double",[28,80220,94],{"class":93},[28,80222,1944],{"class":37454},[28,80224,8118],{"class":93},[28,80226,80227,80229,80231,80233],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80228,34652],{"class":3644},[28,80230,3648],{"class":34},[28,80232,39665],{"class":38},[28,80234,45377],{"class":97},[28,80236,80237],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80238,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80240,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80242,3383],{"class":34},[28,80244,39],{"class":38},[28,80246,3388],{"class":93},[28,80248,2756],{"class":97},[28,80250,2759],{"class":93},[28,80252,2762],{"class":97},[28,80254,2759],{"class":93},[28,80256,2221],{"class":97},[28,80258,2759],{"class":93},[28,80260,2226],{"class":97},[28,80262,3401],{"class":93},[28,80264,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273,80276,80278,80280],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,80266,1999],{"class":34},[28,80268,39],{"class":38},[28,80270,79801],{"class":114},[28,80272,94],{"class":93},[28,80274,80275],{"class":120},"double",[28,80277,2759],{"class":93},[28,80279,4034],{"class":120},[28,80281,101],{"class":93},[28,80283,80284],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,80285,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80287,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,80289,115],{"class":114},[28,80291,94],{"class":93},[28,80293,7869],{"class":89},[28,80295,94],{"class":93},[28,80297,2033],{"class":120},[28,80299,318],{"class":93},[14,80301,336],{},[18,80303,80304],{"className":20,"code":39678,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,80305,80306],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80307,80308,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80309,3669],{"class":93},[28,80311,1825],{"class":97},[28,80313,2759],{"class":93},[28,80315,2226],{"class":97},[28,80317,2759],{"class":93},[28,80319,37435],{"class":97},[28,80321,2759],{"class":93},[28,80323,6136],{"class":97},[28,80325,3401],{"class":93},[14,80327,65363],{},[177,80329,80330,80337,80343],{},[180,80331,80332,80334,80335],{},[25,80333,39509],{}," takes the function ",[25,80336,80275],{},[180,80338,80339,80340,80342],{},"it sends each item from ",[25,80341,3415],{}," into that function",[180,80344,80345],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80347,80348],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[177,80350,80351,80358,80365,80373],{},[180,80352,80353,5849,80356],{},[25,80354,80355],{},"double(1)",[25,80357,1825],{},[180,80359,80360,5849,80363],{},[25,80361,80362],{},"double(2)",[25,80364,2275],{},[180,80366,80367,5849,80370],{},[25,80368,80369],{},"double(3)",[25,80371,80372],{},"6",[180,80374,80375,5849,80378],{},[25,80376,80377],{},"double(4)",[25,80379,2114],{},[172,80381,8194,80383,80385],{"id":80382},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[25,80384,39509],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80387,80388,80390],{},[25,80389,39509],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80392,80393],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80395,924],{},[18,80397,80399],{"className":20,"code":80398,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,80400,80401,80418,80428,80432,80453,80474,80478,80503,80507],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80402,80403,80405,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80404,34641],{"class":349},[28,80406,80407],{"class":34644}," add_numbers",[28,80409,94],{"class":93},[28,80411,381],{"class":37454},[28,80413,2759],{"class":93},[28,80415,2329],{"class":37454},[28,80417,8118],{"class":93},[28,80419,80420,80422,80424,80426],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80421,34652],{"class":3644},[28,80423,44333],{"class":34},[28,80425,1828],{"class":38},[28,80427,35972],{"class":34},[28,80429,80430],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80431,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80433,80434,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80435,80436],{"class":34},"list1 ",[28,80438,39],{"class":38},[28,80440,3388],{"class":93},[28,80442,2756],{"class":97},[28,80444,2759],{"class":93},[28,80446,2762],{"class":97},[28,80448,2759],{"class":93},[28,80450,2221],{"class":97},[28,80452,3401],{"class":93},[28,80454,80455,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468,80470,80472],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,80456,80457],{"class":34},"list2 ",[28,80459,39],{"class":38},[28,80461,3388],{"class":93},[28,80463,2099],{"class":97},[28,80465,2759],{"class":93},[28,80467,7566],{"class":97},[28,80469,2759],{"class":93},[28,80471,7571],{"class":97},[28,80473,3401],{"class":93},[28,80475,80476],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,80477,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80479,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80491,80493,80496,80498,80501],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,80481,1999],{"class":34},[28,80483,39],{"class":38},[28,80485,79801],{"class":114},[28,80487,94],{"class":93},[28,80489,80490],{"class":120},"add_numbers",[28,80492,2759],{"class":93},[28,80494,80495],{"class":120}," list1",[28,80497,2759],{"class":93},[28,80499,80500],{"class":120}," list2",[28,80502,101],{"class":93},[28,80504,80505],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,80506,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80508,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,80510,115],{"class":114},[28,80512,94],{"class":93},[28,80514,7869],{"class":89},[28,80516,94],{"class":93},[28,80518,2033],{"class":120},[28,80520,318],{"class":93},[14,80522,336],{},[18,80524,80526],{"className":20,"code":80525,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[25,80527,80528],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80529,80530,80532,80535,80537,80540,80542,80545],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80531,3669],{"class":93},[28,80533,80534],{"class":97},"11",[28,80536,2759],{"class":93},[28,80538,80539],{"class":97}," 22",[28,80541,2759],{"class":93},[28,80543,80544],{"class":97}," 33",[28,80546,3401],{"class":93},[14,80548,1949],{},[177,80550,80551,80557,80563],{},[180,80552,80553,80554],{},"the first values are used together: ",[25,80555,80556],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[180,80558,80559,80560],{},"then ",[25,80561,80562],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[180,80564,80559,80565],{},[25,80566,80567],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1109,80569,80571,80573],{"id":80570},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[25,80572,39509],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80575,80576,80577,80579],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[25,80578,39509],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[18,80581,80583],{"className":20,"code":80582,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,80584,80585,80601,80611,80615,80639,80655,80659,80681,80685],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80586,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80588,34641],{"class":349},[28,80590,80407],{"class":34644},[28,80592,94],{"class":93},[28,80594,381],{"class":37454},[28,80596,2759],{"class":93},[28,80598,2329],{"class":37454},[28,80600,8118],{"class":93},[28,80602,80603,80605,80607,80609],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80604,34652],{"class":3644},[28,80606,44333],{"class":34},[28,80608,1828],{"class":38},[28,80610,35972],{"class":34},[28,80612,80613],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80614,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80616,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80618,80436],{"class":34},[28,80620,39],{"class":38},[28,80622,3388],{"class":93},[28,80624,2756],{"class":97},[28,80626,2759],{"class":93},[28,80628,2762],{"class":97},[28,80630,2759],{"class":93},[28,80632,2221],{"class":97},[28,80634,2759],{"class":93},[28,80636,2226],{"class":97},[28,80638,3401],{"class":93},[28,80640,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651,80653],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,80642,80457],{"class":34},[28,80644,39],{"class":38},[28,80646,3388],{"class":93},[28,80648,2099],{"class":97},[28,80650,2759],{"class":93},[28,80652,7566],{"class":97},[28,80654,3401],{"class":93},[28,80656,80657],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,80658,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80660,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,80662,1999],{"class":34},[28,80664,39],{"class":38},[28,80666,79801],{"class":114},[28,80668,94],{"class":93},[28,80670,80490],{"class":120},[28,80672,2759],{"class":93},[28,80674,80495],{"class":120},[28,80676,2759],{"class":93},[28,80678,80500],{"class":120},[28,80680,101],{"class":93},[28,80682,80683],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,80684,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80686,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,80688,115],{"class":114},[28,80690,94],{"class":93},[28,80692,7869],{"class":89},[28,80694,94],{"class":93},[28,80696,2033],{"class":120},[28,80698,318],{"class":93},[14,80700,336],{},[18,80702,80704],{"className":20,"code":80703,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[11, 22]\n",[25,80705,80706],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80707,80708,80710,80712,80714,80716],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80709,3669],{"class":93},[28,80711,80534],{"class":97},[28,80713,2759],{"class":93},[28,80715,80539],{"class":97},[28,80717,3401],{"class":93},[14,80719,80720,80721,80724],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[25,80722,80723],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[172,80726,80728,80730],{"id":80727},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[25,80729,39509],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80732,37815,80733,80735],{},[25,80734,39509],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80737,80738,80739,80742],{},"This object is ",[163,80740,80741],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1109,80744,2258,80746,80748],{"id":80745},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[25,80747,32818],{}," looks strange",[14,80750,33434],{},[18,80752,80754],{"className":20,"code":80753,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,80755,80756,80776,80794,80798],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80757,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80759,3383],{"class":34},[28,80761,39],{"class":38},[28,80763,3388],{"class":93},[28,80765,2756],{"class":97},[28,80767,2759],{"class":93},[28,80769,2762],{"class":97},[28,80771,2759],{"class":93},[28,80773,2221],{"class":97},[28,80775,3401],{"class":93},[28,80777,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80779,1999],{"class":34},[28,80781,39],{"class":38},[28,80783,79801],{"class":114},[28,80785,94],{"class":93},[28,80787,355],{"class":89},[28,80789,2759],{"class":93},[28,80791,4034],{"class":120},[28,80793,101],{"class":93},[28,80795,80796],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80797,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80799,80800,80802,80804,80806],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80801,115],{"class":114},[28,80803,94],{"class":93},[28,80805,2033],{"class":120},[28,80807,101],{"class":93},[14,80809,80810],{},"Output will look something like this:",[18,80812,80814],{"className":20,"code":80813,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[25,80815,80816],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80817,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80819,346],{"class":38},[28,80821,39652],{"class":114},[28,80823,24405],{"class":89},[28,80825,37155],{"class":34},[28,80827,37159],{"class":37158},[28,80829,37162],{"class":1044},[28,80831,361],{"class":38},[14,80833,80834],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80836,80837],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[18,80839,80841],{"className":20,"code":80840,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,80842,80843,80863,80881,80885],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80844,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80846,3383],{"class":34},[28,80848,39],{"class":38},[28,80850,3388],{"class":93},[28,80852,2756],{"class":97},[28,80854,2759],{"class":93},[28,80856,2762],{"class":97},[28,80858,2759],{"class":93},[28,80860,2221],{"class":97},[28,80862,3401],{"class":93},[28,80864,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80866,1999],{"class":34},[28,80868,39],{"class":38},[28,80870,79801],{"class":114},[28,80872,94],{"class":93},[28,80874,355],{"class":89},[28,80876,2759],{"class":93},[28,80878,4034],{"class":120},[28,80880,101],{"class":93},[28,80882,80883],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80884,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80886,80887,80889,80891,80893,80895,80897],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80888,115],{"class":114},[28,80890,94],{"class":93},[28,80892,7869],{"class":89},[28,80894,94],{"class":93},[28,80896,2033],{"class":120},[28,80898,318],{"class":93},[14,80900,336],{},[18,80902,80904],{"className":20,"code":80903,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[25,80905,80906],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80907,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80909,3669],{"class":93},[28,80911,358],{"class":42},[28,80913,2756],{"class":46},[28,80915,358],{"class":42},[28,80917,2759],{"class":93},[28,80919,61],{"class":42},[28,80921,1825],{"class":46},[28,80923,358],{"class":42},[28,80925,2759],{"class":93},[28,80927,61],{"class":42},[28,80929,1831],{"class":46},[28,80931,358],{"class":42},[28,80933,3401],{"class":93},[1109,80935,80937],{"id":80936},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[18,80939,80941],{"className":20,"code":80940,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[25,80942,80943,80963,80981,80985,80998],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,80944,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,80946,3383],{"class":34},[28,80948,39],{"class":38},[28,80950,3388],{"class":93},[28,80952,2756],{"class":97},[28,80954,2759],{"class":93},[28,80956,2762],{"class":97},[28,80958,2759],{"class":93},[28,80960,2221],{"class":97},[28,80962,3401],{"class":93},[28,80964,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,80966,1999],{"class":34},[28,80968,39],{"class":38},[28,80970,79801],{"class":114},[28,80972,94],{"class":93},[28,80974,355],{"class":89},[28,80976,2759],{"class":93},[28,80978,4034],{"class":120},[28,80980,101],{"class":93},[28,80982,80983],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,80984,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,80986,80987,80989,80991,80993,80996],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,80988,5734],{"class":3644},[28,80990,5737],{"class":34},[28,80992,3651],{"class":3644},[28,80994,80995],{"class":34}," result",[28,80997,6170],{"class":93},[28,80999,81000,81002,81004,81006],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,81001,7844],{"class":114},[28,81003,94],{"class":93},[28,81005,23098],{"class":120},[28,81007,101],{"class":93},[14,81009,336],{},[18,81011,81013],{"className":20,"code":81012,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1\n2\n3\n",[25,81014,81015,81019,81023],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81016,81017],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81018,46700],{"class":97},[28,81020,81021],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81022,16842],{"class":97},[28,81024,81025],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81026,46400],{"class":97},[1109,81028,81030],{"id":81029},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81032,81033],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[18,81035,81037],{"className":20,"code":81036,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,81038,81039,81059,81077,81081,81095],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81040,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81042,3383],{"class":34},[28,81044,39],{"class":38},[28,81046,3388],{"class":93},[28,81048,2756],{"class":97},[28,81050,2759],{"class":93},[28,81052,2762],{"class":97},[28,81054,2759],{"class":93},[28,81056,2221],{"class":97},[28,81058,3401],{"class":93},[28,81060,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81062,1999],{"class":34},[28,81064,39],{"class":38},[28,81066,79801],{"class":114},[28,81068,94],{"class":93},[28,81070,355],{"class":89},[28,81072,2759],{"class":93},[28,81074,4034],{"class":120},[28,81076,101],{"class":93},[28,81078,81079],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81080,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81082,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81084,115],{"class":114},[28,81086,94],{"class":93},[28,81088,7869],{"class":89},[28,81090,94],{"class":93},[28,81092,2033],{"class":120},[28,81094,318],{"class":93},[28,81096,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,81098,115],{"class":114},[28,81100,94],{"class":93},[28,81102,7869],{"class":89},[28,81104,94],{"class":93},[28,81106,2033],{"class":120},[28,81108,318],{"class":93},[14,81110,336],{},[18,81112,81114],{"className":20,"code":81113,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[25,81115,81116,81144],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81117,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81119,3669],{"class":93},[28,81121,358],{"class":42},[28,81123,2756],{"class":46},[28,81125,358],{"class":42},[28,81127,2759],{"class":93},[28,81129,61],{"class":42},[28,81131,1825],{"class":46},[28,81133,358],{"class":42},[28,81135,2759],{"class":93},[28,81137,61],{"class":42},[28,81139,1831],{"class":46},[28,81141,358],{"class":42},[28,81143,3401],{"class":93},[28,81145,81146],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81147,38089],{"class":93},[14,81149,81150],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81152,81153],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[18,81155,81157],{"className":20,"code":81156,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[25,81158,81159,81179,81201,81205,81215],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81160,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81162,3383],{"class":34},[28,81164,39],{"class":38},[28,81166,3388],{"class":93},[28,81168,2756],{"class":97},[28,81170,2759],{"class":93},[28,81172,2762],{"class":97},[28,81174,2759],{"class":93},[28,81176,2221],{"class":97},[28,81178,3401],{"class":93},[28,81180,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81182,1999],{"class":34},[28,81184,39],{"class":38},[28,81186,22347],{"class":89},[28,81188,94],{"class":93},[28,81190,39652],{"class":114},[28,81192,94],{"class":93},[28,81194,355],{"class":89},[28,81196,2759],{"class":93},[28,81198,4034],{"class":120},[28,81200,318],{"class":93},[28,81202,81203],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81204,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81206,81207,81209,81211,81213],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81208,115],{"class":114},[28,81210,94],{"class":93},[28,81212,2033],{"class":120},[28,81214,101],{"class":93},[28,81216,81217,81219,81221,81223],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,81218,115],{"class":114},[28,81220,94],{"class":93},[28,81222,2033],{"class":120},[28,81224,101],{"class":93},[14,81226,336],{},[18,81228,81230],{"className":20,"code":81229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[25,81231,81232,81260],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81233,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81235,3669],{"class":93},[28,81237,358],{"class":42},[28,81239,2756],{"class":46},[28,81241,358],{"class":42},[28,81243,2759],{"class":93},[28,81245,61],{"class":42},[28,81247,1825],{"class":46},[28,81249,358],{"class":42},[28,81251,2759],{"class":93},[28,81253,61],{"class":42},[28,81255,1831],{"class":46},[28,81257,358],{"class":42},[28,81259,3401],{"class":93},[28,81261,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81263,3669],{"class":93},[28,81265,358],{"class":42},[28,81267,2756],{"class":46},[28,81269,358],{"class":42},[28,81271,2759],{"class":93},[28,81273,61],{"class":42},[28,81275,1825],{"class":46},[28,81277,358],{"class":42},[28,81279,2759],{"class":93},[28,81281,61],{"class":42},[28,81283,1831],{"class":46},[28,81285,358],{"class":42},[28,81287,3401],{"class":93},[172,81289,4734,81291],{"id":81290},"when-to-use-map",[25,81292,39509],{},[14,81294,81295,81297],{},[25,81296,39509],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81299,81300],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[177,81302,81303,81307,81311],{},[180,81304,81305],{},[25,81306,355],{},[180,81308,81309],{},[25,81310,372],{},[180,81312,81313],{},[25,81314,1785],{},[14,81316,924],{},[18,81318,81320],{"className":20,"code":81319,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,81321,81322,81354,81376,81380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81323,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81325,3591],{"class":34},[28,81327,39],{"class":38},[28,81329,3388],{"class":93},[28,81331,358],{"class":42},[28,81333,2756],{"class":46},[28,81335,358],{"class":42},[28,81337,2759],{"class":93},[28,81339,61],{"class":42},[28,81341,1825],{"class":46},[28,81343,358],{"class":42},[28,81345,2759],{"class":93},[28,81347,61],{"class":42},[28,81349,1831],{"class":46},[28,81351,358],{"class":42},[28,81353,3401],{"class":93},[28,81355,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81357,3383],{"class":34},[28,81359,39],{"class":38},[28,81361,22347],{"class":89},[28,81363,94],{"class":93},[28,81365,39652],{"class":114},[28,81367,94],{"class":93},[28,81369,372],{"class":89},[28,81371,2759],{"class":93},[28,81373,3654],{"class":120},[28,81375,318],{"class":93},[28,81377,81378],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81379,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81381,81382,81384,81386,81388],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81383,115],{"class":114},[28,81385,94],{"class":93},[28,81387,3415],{"class":120},[28,81389,101],{"class":93},[14,81391,336],{},[18,81393,81394],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,81395,81396],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81397,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81399,3669],{"class":93},[28,81401,2756],{"class":97},[28,81403,2759],{"class":93},[28,81405,2762],{"class":97},[28,81407,2759],{"class":93},[28,81409,2221],{"class":97},[28,81411,3401],{"class":93},[14,81413,81414],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81416,81417],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[18,81419,81421],{"className":20,"code":81420,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[25,81422,81423,81443,81465],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81424,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81426,3383],{"class":34},[28,81428,39],{"class":38},[28,81430,3388],{"class":93},[28,81432,2756],{"class":97},[28,81434,2759],{"class":93},[28,81436,2762],{"class":97},[28,81438,2759],{"class":93},[28,81440,2221],{"class":97},[28,81442,3401],{"class":93},[28,81444,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81446,1999],{"class":34},[28,81448,39],{"class":38},[28,81450,22347],{"class":89},[28,81452,94],{"class":93},[28,81454,39652],{"class":114},[28,81456,94],{"class":93},[28,81458,355],{"class":89},[28,81460,2759],{"class":93},[28,81462,4034],{"class":120},[28,81464,318],{"class":93},[28,81466,81467,81469,81471,81473],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81468,115],{"class":114},[28,81470,94],{"class":93},[28,81472,2033],{"class":120},[28,81474,101],{"class":93},[18,81476,81478],{"className":20,"code":81477,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[25,81479,81480,81500,81527],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81481,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81483,3383],{"class":34},[28,81485,39],{"class":38},[28,81487,3388],{"class":93},[28,81489,2756],{"class":97},[28,81491,2759],{"class":93},[28,81493,2762],{"class":97},[28,81495,2759],{"class":93},[28,81497,2221],{"class":97},[28,81499,3401],{"class":93},[28,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81521,81523,81525],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81503,1999],{"class":34},[28,81505,39],{"class":38},[28,81507,3388],{"class":93},[28,81509,355],{"class":89},[28,81511,94],{"class":93},[28,81513,75809],{"class":120},[28,81515,3428],{"class":93},[28,81517,3645],{"class":3644},[28,81519,81520],{"class":34}," n ",[28,81522,3651],{"class":3644},[28,81524,4034],{"class":34},[28,81526,3401],{"class":93},[28,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81530,115],{"class":114},[28,81532,94],{"class":93},[28,81534,2033],{"class":120},[28,81536,101],{"class":93},[14,81538,81539],{},"Both produce:",[18,81541,81542],{"className":20,"code":80903,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,81543,81544],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81545,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81547,3669],{"class":93},[28,81549,358],{"class":42},[28,81551,2756],{"class":46},[28,81553,358],{"class":42},[28,81555,2759],{"class":93},[28,81557,61],{"class":42},[28,81559,1825],{"class":46},[28,81561,358],{"class":42},[28,81563,2759],{"class":93},[28,81565,61],{"class":42},[28,81567,1831],{"class":46},[28,81569,358],{"class":42},[28,81571,3401],{"class":93},[14,81573,81574],{},"A simple rule:",[177,81576,81577,81582,81587],{},[180,81578,39783,81579,81581],{},[25,81580,39509],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[180,81583,39789,81584,81586],{},[25,81585,5734],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[180,81588,81589],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81591,81592,81593,385],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[381,81594,4164],{"href":4163},[172,81596,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,81598,81600,81601],{"id":81599},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[25,81602,24569],{},[14,81604,81605],{},"This is very common:",[18,81607,81608],{"className":20,"code":80753,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,81609,81610,81630,81648,81652],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81611,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81613,3383],{"class":34},[28,81615,39],{"class":38},[28,81617,3388],{"class":93},[28,81619,2756],{"class":97},[28,81621,2759],{"class":93},[28,81623,2762],{"class":97},[28,81625,2759],{"class":93},[28,81627,2221],{"class":97},[28,81629,3401],{"class":93},[28,81631,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81633,1999],{"class":34},[28,81635,39],{"class":38},[28,81637,79801],{"class":114},[28,81639,94],{"class":93},[28,81641,355],{"class":89},[28,81643,2759],{"class":93},[28,81645,4034],{"class":120},[28,81647,101],{"class":93},[28,81649,81650],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81651,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81653,81654,81656,81658,81660],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81655,115],{"class":114},[28,81657,94],{"class":93},[28,81659,2033],{"class":120},[28,81661,101],{"class":93},[14,81663,81664],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81666,39054],{},[18,81668,81670],{"className":20,"code":81669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(result))\n",[25,81671,81672],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81673,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682,81684],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81675,115],{"class":114},[28,81677,94],{"class":93},[28,81679,7869],{"class":89},[28,81681,94],{"class":93},[28,81683,2033],{"class":120},[28,81685,318],{"class":93},[1109,81687,81689],{"id":81688},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81691,16429],{},[18,81693,81695],{"className":20,"code":81694,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[25,81696,81697,81717],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81698,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81700,3383],{"class":34},[28,81702,39],{"class":38},[28,81704,3388],{"class":93},[28,81706,2756],{"class":97},[28,81708,2759],{"class":93},[28,81710,2762],{"class":97},[28,81712,2759],{"class":93},[28,81714,2221],{"class":97},[28,81716,3401],{"class":93},[28,81718,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81732,81734],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81720,1999],{"class":34},[28,81722,39],{"class":38},[28,81724,79801],{"class":114},[28,81726,94],{"class":93},[28,81728,355],{"class":89},[28,81730,81731],{"class":93},"(),",[28,81733,4034],{"class":120},[28,81735,101],{"class":93},[14,81737,81738,81739,81741,81742,81744],{},"This is wrong because ",[25,81740,169],{}," is being called immediately. ",[25,81743,39509],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81746,16441],{},[18,81748,81749],{"className":20,"code":80840,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,81750,81751,81771,81789,81793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81752,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81754,3383],{"class":34},[28,81756,39],{"class":38},[28,81758,3388],{"class":93},[28,81760,2756],{"class":97},[28,81762,2759],{"class":93},[28,81764,2762],{"class":97},[28,81766,2759],{"class":93},[28,81768,2221],{"class":97},[28,81770,3401],{"class":93},[28,81772,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81774,1999],{"class":34},[28,81776,39],{"class":38},[28,81778,79801],{"class":114},[28,81780,94],{"class":93},[28,81782,355],{"class":89},[28,81784,2759],{"class":93},[28,81786,4034],{"class":120},[28,81788,101],{"class":93},[28,81790,81791],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81792,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81794,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81796,115],{"class":114},[28,81798,94],{"class":93},[28,81800,7869],{"class":89},[28,81802,94],{"class":93},[28,81804,2033],{"class":120},[28,81806,318],{"class":93},[1109,81808,81810],{"id":81809},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81812,81813],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81815,16429],{},[18,81817,81819],{"className":20,"code":81818,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,81820,81821,81838,81848,81852,81872,81891,81895],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81822,81823,81825,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81824,34641],{"class":349},[28,81826,81827],{"class":34644}," add",[28,81829,94],{"class":93},[28,81831,381],{"class":37454},[28,81833,2759],{"class":93},[28,81835,2329],{"class":37454},[28,81837,8118],{"class":93},[28,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81841,34652],{"class":3644},[28,81843,44333],{"class":34},[28,81845,1828],{"class":38},[28,81847,35972],{"class":34},[28,81849,81850],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81851,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81855,3383],{"class":34},[28,81857,39],{"class":38},[28,81859,3388],{"class":93},[28,81861,2756],{"class":97},[28,81863,2759],{"class":93},[28,81865,2762],{"class":97},[28,81867,2759],{"class":93},[28,81869,2221],{"class":97},[28,81871,3401],{"class":93},[28,81873,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81885,81887,81889],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,81875,1999],{"class":34},[28,81877,39],{"class":38},[28,81879,79801],{"class":114},[28,81881,94],{"class":93},[28,81883,81884],{"class":120},"add",[28,81886,2759],{"class":93},[28,81888,4034],{"class":120},[28,81890,101],{"class":93},[28,81892,81893],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,81894,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81896,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,81898,115],{"class":114},[28,81900,94],{"class":93},[28,81902,7869],{"class":89},[28,81904,94],{"class":93},[28,81906,2033],{"class":120},[28,81908,318],{"class":93},[14,81910,16441],{},[18,81912,81914],{"className":20,"code":81913,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[25,81915,81916,81932,81942,81946,81966,81986,82008,82012],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,81917,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,81919,34641],{"class":349},[28,81921,81827],{"class":34644},[28,81923,94],{"class":93},[28,81925,381],{"class":37454},[28,81927,2759],{"class":93},[28,81929,2329],{"class":37454},[28,81931,8118],{"class":93},[28,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,81935,34652],{"class":3644},[28,81937,44333],{"class":34},[28,81939,1828],{"class":38},[28,81941,35972],{"class":34},[28,81943,81944],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,81945,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,81947,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,81949,80436],{"class":34},[28,81951,39],{"class":38},[28,81953,3388],{"class":93},[28,81955,2756],{"class":97},[28,81957,2759],{"class":93},[28,81959,2762],{"class":97},[28,81961,2759],{"class":93},[28,81963,2221],{"class":97},[28,81965,3401],{"class":93},[28,81967,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,81969,80457],{"class":34},[28,81971,39],{"class":38},[28,81973,3388],{"class":93},[28,81975,2099],{"class":97},[28,81977,2759],{"class":93},[28,81979,7566],{"class":97},[28,81981,2759],{"class":93},[28,81983,7571],{"class":97},[28,81985,3401],{"class":93},[28,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,81989,1999],{"class":34},[28,81991,39],{"class":38},[28,81993,79801],{"class":114},[28,81995,94],{"class":93},[28,81997,81884],{"class":120},[28,81999,2759],{"class":93},[28,82001,80495],{"class":120},[28,82003,2759],{"class":93},[28,82005,80500],{"class":120},[28,82007,101],{"class":93},[28,82009,82010],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,82011,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,82015,115],{"class":114},[28,82017,94],{"class":93},[28,82019,7869],{"class":89},[28,82021,94],{"class":93},[28,82023,2033],{"class":120},[28,82025,318],{"class":93},[1109,82027,82029],{"id":82028},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82031,16429],{},[18,82033,82034],{"className":20,"code":81036,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,82035,82036,82056,82074,82078,82092],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82037,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82039,3383],{"class":34},[28,82041,39],{"class":38},[28,82043,3388],{"class":93},[28,82045,2756],{"class":97},[28,82047,2759],{"class":93},[28,82049,2762],{"class":97},[28,82051,2759],{"class":93},[28,82053,2221],{"class":97},[28,82055,3401],{"class":93},[28,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82059,1999],{"class":34},[28,82061,39],{"class":38},[28,82063,79801],{"class":114},[28,82065,94],{"class":93},[28,82067,355],{"class":89},[28,82069,2759],{"class":93},[28,82071,4034],{"class":120},[28,82073,101],{"class":93},[28,82075,82076],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82077,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,82079,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,82081,115],{"class":114},[28,82083,94],{"class":93},[28,82085,7869],{"class":89},[28,82087,94],{"class":93},[28,82089,2033],{"class":120},[28,82091,318],{"class":93},[28,82093,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,82095,115],{"class":114},[28,82097,94],{"class":93},[28,82099,7869],{"class":89},[28,82101,94],{"class":93},[28,82103,2033],{"class":120},[28,82105,318],{"class":93},[14,82107,82108],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82110,82111],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[172,82113,67674],{"id":67673},[14,82115,8653,82116,82118],{},[25,82117,39509],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[18,82120,82122],{"className":20,"code":82121,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[25,82123,82124,82134,82148,82162,82174],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82125,82126,82128,82130,82132],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82127,115],{"class":114},[28,82129,94],{"class":93},[28,82131,2033],{"class":120},[28,82133,101],{"class":93},[28,82135,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82137,115],{"class":114},[28,82139,94],{"class":93},[28,82141,7869],{"class":89},[28,82143,94],{"class":93},[28,82145,2033],{"class":120},[28,82147,318],{"class":93},[28,82149,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82151,115],{"class":114},[28,82153,94],{"class":93},[28,82155,311],{"class":89},[28,82157,94],{"class":93},[28,82159,2033],{"class":120},[28,82161,318],{"class":93},[28,82163,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,82165,5734],{"class":3644},[28,82167,5737],{"class":34},[28,82169,3651],{"class":3644},[28,82171,80995],{"class":34},[28,82173,6170],{"class":93},[28,82175,82176,82178,82180,82182],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,82177,7844],{"class":114},[28,82179,94],{"class":93},[28,82181,23098],{"class":120},[28,82183,101],{"class":93},[14,82185,12455],{},[177,82187,82188,82193,82198,82204],{},[180,82189,82190,82192],{},[25,82191,32818],{}," shows that you have a map object",[180,82194,82195,82197],{},[25,82196,32826],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[180,82199,82200,82203],{},[25,82201,82202],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[180,82205,82206,82207,82209],{},"looping over ",[25,82208,2033],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82211,82212,82213,82216,82217,82219],{},"Be careful: ",[25,82214,82215],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[25,82218,5734],{}," loop consume the map object.",[172,82221,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,82223,12487,82225,82227],{"id":82224},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[25,82226,39509],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82229,82230,82231,82233,82234,23726],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[25,82232,39509],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[25,82235,82236],{},"list(map(...))",[1109,82238,14689,82240,82242,82243,82245],{"id":82239},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[25,82241,39509],{}," better than a ",[25,82244,5734],{}," loop?",[14,82247,82248,82249,82251,82252,82254],{},"Not always. ",[25,82250,39509],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[25,82253,5734],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1109,82256,4943,82258,82260],{"id":82257},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[25,82259,39509],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82262,82263],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1109,82265,82267],{"id":82266},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82269,82270],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[172,82272,1662],{"id":1661},[177,82274,82275,82281,82287,82291,82295],{},[180,82276,82277],{},[381,82278,858,82279,861],{"href":39878},[25,82280,37367],{},[180,82282,82283],{},[381,82284,858,82285,861],{"href":64626},[25,82286,24569],{},[180,82288,82289],{},[381,82290,4995],{"href":4904},[180,82292,82293],{},[381,82294,5000],{"href":4163},[180,82296,82297],{},[381,82298,4990],{"href":4908},[1699,82300,82301],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":82303},[82304,82305,82307,82308,82309,82311,82316,82323,82325,82332,82333,82342],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":79880,"depth":53,"text":82306},"What map() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":80198,"depth":53,"text":82310},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80382,"depth":53,"text":82312,"children":82313},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82314],{"id":80570,"depth":70,"text":82315},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80727,"depth":53,"text":82317,"children":82318},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82319,82321,82322],{"id":80745,"depth":70,"text":82320},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80936,"depth":70,"text":80937},{"id":81029,"depth":70,"text":81030},{"id":81290,"depth":53,"text":82324},"When to use map()",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":82326},[82327,82329,82330,82331],{"id":81599,"depth":70,"text":82328},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81688,"depth":70,"text":81689},{"id":81809,"depth":70,"text":81810},{"id":82028,"depth":70,"text":82029},{"id":67673,"depth":53,"text":67674},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":82334},[82335,82337,82339,82341],{"id":82224,"depth":70,"text":82336},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82239,"depth":70,"text":82338},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82257,"depth":70,"text":82340},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82266,"depth":70,"text":82267},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79712,"description":82343},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82350,"title":82351,"body":82352,"description":84372,"extension":1730,"meta":84373,"navigation":107,"path":84374,"seo":84375,"stem":84376,"__hash__":84377},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82353,"toc":84330},[82354,82360,82365,82368,82376,82379,82381,82505,82507,82525,82527,82547,82552,82556,82570,82573,82576,82578,82583,82695,82698,82716,82722,82725,82787,82789,82798,82801,82815,82817,82865,82867,82876,82886,82892,82895,82922,82924,82932,82935,82938,83008,83010,83018,83021,83026,83031,83082,83084,83092,83095,83097,83114,83116,83168,83171,83177,83181,83186,83189,83193,83252,83254,83263,83269,83278,83282,83345,83347,83355,83360,83364,83369,83449,83451,83460,83467,83472,83477,83480,83515,83517,83525,83528,83534,83536,83586,83588,83597,83600,83618,83620,83625,83631,83638,83665,83667,83690,83695,83730,83735,83741,83746,83789,83792,83795,83834,83841,83847,83852,83867,83871,83878,83881,83885,83890,83894,83899,83901,83962,83964,83993,83998,84005,84014,84016,84019,84044,84046,84149,84152,84170,84179,84181,84186,84189,84195,84198,84200,84210,84216,84220,84278,84285,84293,84295,84327],[10,82355,858,82357,3344],{"id":82356},"python-max-function-explained",[25,82358,82359],{},"max()",[14,82361,8901,82362,82364],{},[25,82363,82359],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82366,82367],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[177,82369,82370,82373],{},[180,82371,82372],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[180,82374,82375],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82377,82378],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[172,82380,1771],{"id":1770},[18,82382,82384],{"className":20,"code":82383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[25,82385,82386,82410,82425,82429,82455,82459,82491],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82387,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82389,3383],{"class":34},[28,82391,39],{"class":38},[28,82393,3388],{"class":93},[28,82395,1831],{"class":97},[28,82397,2759],{"class":93},[28,82399,6136],{"class":97},[28,82401,2759],{"class":93},[28,82403,2762],{"class":97},[28,82405,2759],{"class":93},[28,82407,4376],{"class":97},[28,82409,3401],{"class":93},[28,82411,82412,82414,82416,82419,82421,82423],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82413,115],{"class":114},[28,82415,94],{"class":93},[28,82417,82418],{"class":114},"max",[28,82420,94],{"class":93},[28,82422,3415],{"class":120},[28,82424,318],{"class":93},[28,82426,82427],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82428,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,82432,115],{"class":114},[28,82434,94],{"class":93},[28,82436,82418],{"class":114},[28,82438,94],{"class":93},[28,82440,1831],{"class":97},[28,82442,2759],{"class":93},[28,82444,6136],{"class":97},[28,82446,2759],{"class":93},[28,82448,2762],{"class":97},[28,82450,2759],{"class":93},[28,82452,4376],{"class":97},[28,82454,318],{"class":93},[28,82456,82457],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,82458,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,82460,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,82462,3840],{"class":34},[28,82464,39],{"class":38},[28,82466,3388],{"class":93},[28,82468,234],{"class":42},[28,82470,3849],{"class":46},[28,82472,234],{"class":42},[28,82474,2759],{"class":93},[28,82476,43],{"class":42},[28,82478,3858],{"class":46},[28,82480,234],{"class":42},[28,82482,2759],{"class":93},[28,82484,43],{"class":42},[28,82486,78523],{"class":46},[28,82488,234],{"class":42},[28,82490,3401],{"class":93},[28,82492,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,82494,115],{"class":114},[28,82496,94],{"class":93},[28,82498,82418],{"class":114},[28,82500,94],{"class":93},[28,82502,3884],{"class":120},[28,82504,318],{"class":93},[14,82506,336],{},[18,82508,82510],{"className":20,"code":82509,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"8\n8\npear\n",[25,82511,82512,82516,82520],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82513,82514],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82515,2150],{"class":97},[28,82517,82518],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82519,2150],{"class":97},[28,82521,82522],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82523,82524],{"class":34},"pear\n",[14,82526,19745],{},[177,82528,82529,82535,82541],{},[180,82530,82531,82534],{},[25,82532,82533],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[180,82536,82537,82540],{},[25,82538,82539],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[180,82542,82543,82546],{},[25,82544,82545],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[172,82548,3445,82550,3448],{"id":82549},"what-max-does",[25,82551,82359],{},[14,82553,82554,271],{},[25,82555,82359],{},[177,82557,82558,82561,82564,82567],{},[180,82559,82560],{},"Returns the largest item",[180,82562,82563],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[180,82565,82566],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[180,82568,82569],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82571,82572],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82574,82575],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[172,82577,1927],{"id":1926},[14,82579,82580,82581,271],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[25,82582,82359],{},[18,82584,82586],{"className":20,"code":82585,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[25,82587,82588,82598,82622,82644,82667],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82589,82590,82592,82594,82596],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82591,82418],{"class":114},[28,82593,94],{"class":93},[28,82595,3489],{"class":120},[28,82597,101],{"class":93},[28,82599,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82611,82613,82615,82617,82620],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82601,82418],{"class":114},[28,82603,94],{"class":93},[28,82605,3489],{"class":120},[28,82607,2759],{"class":93},[28,82609,82610],{"class":38}," *",[28,82612,2759],{"class":93},[28,82614,21367],{"class":8954},[28,82616,39],{"class":38},[28,82618,82619],{"class":120},"func",[28,82621,101],{"class":93},[28,82623,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82625,82418],{"class":114},[28,82627,94],{"class":93},[28,82629,3489],{"class":120},[28,82631,2759],{"class":93},[28,82633,82610],{"class":38},[28,82635,2759],{"class":93},[28,82637,26312],{"class":8954},[28,82639,39],{"class":38},[28,82641,2242],{"class":120},[28,82643,101],{"class":93},[28,82645,82646,82648,82650,82653,82655,82658,82660,82662,82665],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,82647,82418],{"class":114},[28,82649,94],{"class":93},[28,82651,82652],{"class":120},"arg1",[28,82654,2759],{"class":93},[28,82656,82657],{"class":120}," arg2",[28,82659,2759],{"class":93},[28,82661,82610],{"class":38},[28,82663,82664],{"class":120},"args",[28,82666,101],{"class":93},[28,82668,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,82670,82418],{"class":114},[28,82672,94],{"class":93},[28,82674,82652],{"class":120},[28,82676,2759],{"class":93},[28,82678,82657],{"class":120},[28,82680,2759],{"class":93},[28,82682,82610],{"class":38},[28,82684,82664],{"class":120},[28,82686,2759],{"class":93},[28,82688,21367],{"class":8954},[28,82690,39],{"class":38},[28,82692,82619],{"class":120},[28,82694,101],{"class":93},[14,82696,82697],{},"The most important parts are:",[177,82699,82700,82705,82710],{},[180,82701,82702,82704],{},[25,82703,3489],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[180,82706,82707,82709],{},[25,82708,14627],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[180,82711,82712,82715],{},[25,82713,82714],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[172,82717,8194,82719,82721],{"id":82718},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[25,82720,82359],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82723,82724],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[18,82726,82728],{"className":20,"code":82727,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[25,82729,82730,82756,82772,82776],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82731,82732,82734,82736,82738,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749,82751,82754],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82733,4836],{"class":34},[28,82735,39],{"class":38},[28,82737,3388],{"class":93},[28,82739,82740],{"class":97},"72",[28,82742,2759],{"class":93},[28,82744,51289],{"class":97},[28,82746,2759],{"class":93},[28,82748,13292],{"class":97},[28,82750,2759],{"class":93},[28,82752,82753],{"class":97}," 66",[28,82755,3401],{"class":93},[28,82757,82758,82761,82763,82766,82768,82770],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82759,82760],{"class":34},"highest_score ",[28,82762,39],{"class":38},[28,82764,82765],{"class":114}," max",[28,82767,94],{"class":93},[28,82769,16174],{"class":120},[28,82771,101],{"class":93},[28,82773,82774],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82775,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,82777,82778,82780,82782,82785],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,82779,115],{"class":114},[28,82781,94],{"class":93},[28,82783,82784],{"class":120},"highest_score",[28,82786,101],{"class":93},[14,82788,336],{},[18,82790,82792],{"className":20,"code":82791,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"91\n",[25,82793,82794],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82795,82796],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82797,82791],{"class":97},[14,82799,82800],{},"This works well for:",[177,82802,82803,82806,82809,82812],{},[180,82804,82805],{},"Scores",[180,82807,82808],{},"Prices",[180,82810,82811],{},"Ages",[180,82813,82814],{},"Counts",[14,82816,51859],{},[18,82818,82820],{"className":20,"code":82819,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[25,82821,82822,82850],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82823,82824,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82838,82840,82843,82845,82848],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82825,82826],{"class":34},"prices ",[28,82828,39],{"class":38},[28,82830,3388],{"class":93},[28,82832,40190],{"class":97},[28,82834,2759],{"class":93},[28,82836,82837],{"class":97}," 5.50",[28,82839,2759],{"class":93},[28,82841,82842],{"class":97}," 12.75",[28,82844,2759],{"class":93},[28,82846,82847],{"class":97}," 29.00",[28,82849,3401],{"class":93},[28,82851,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82863],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82853,115],{"class":114},[28,82855,94],{"class":93},[28,82857,82418],{"class":114},[28,82859,94],{"class":93},[28,82861,82862],{"class":120},"prices",[28,82864,318],{"class":93},[14,82866,336],{},[18,82868,82870],{"className":20,"code":82869,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"29.0\n",[25,82871,82872],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82873,82874],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82875,82869],{"class":97},[14,82877,82878,82879,82881,82882,385],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[25,82880,82359],{}," is simpler than ",[381,82883,82884],{"href":74300},[25,82885,74203],{},[172,82887,8194,82889,82891],{"id":82888},"using-max-with-separate-values",[25,82890,82359],{}," with separate values",[14,82893,82894],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[18,82896,82898],{"className":20,"code":82897,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[25,82899,82900],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82901,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82903,115],{"class":114},[28,82905,94],{"class":93},[28,82907,82418],{"class":114},[28,82909,94],{"class":93},[28,82911,2275],{"class":97},[28,82913,2759],{"class":93},[28,82915,30733],{"class":97},[28,82917,2759],{"class":93},[28,82919,5770],{"class":97},[28,82921,318],{"class":93},[14,82923,336],{},[18,82925,82926],{"className":20,"code":1994,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,82927,82928],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82929,82930],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82931,1994],{"class":97},[14,82933,82934],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82936,82937],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[18,82939,82941],{"className":20,"code":82940,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[25,82942,82943,82952,82960,82970,82974,82997],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,82944,82945,82947,82949],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,82946,885],{"class":34},[28,82948,39],{"class":38},[28,82950,82951],{"class":97}," 15\n",[28,82953,82954,82956,82958],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,82955,899],{"class":34},[28,82957,39],{"class":38},[28,82959,2537],{"class":97},[28,82961,82962,82965,82967],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,82963,82964],{"class":34},"c ",[28,82966,39],{"class":38},[28,82968,82969],{"class":97}," 27\n",[28,82971,82972],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,82973,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,82975,82976,82979,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,82977,82978],{"class":34},"largest ",[28,82980,39],{"class":38},[28,82982,82765],{"class":114},[28,82984,94],{"class":93},[28,82986,381],{"class":120},[28,82988,2759],{"class":93},[28,82990,2329],{"class":120},[28,82992,2759],{"class":93},[28,82994,9460],{"class":120},[28,82996,101],{"class":93},[28,82998,82999,83001,83003,83006],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,83000,115],{"class":114},[28,83002,94],{"class":93},[28,83004,83005],{"class":120},"largest",[28,83007,101],{"class":93},[14,83009,336],{},[18,83011,83012],{"className":20,"code":741,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,83013,83014],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83015,83016],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83017,741],{"class":97},[14,83019,83020],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[172,83022,8194,83024,46842],{"id":83023},"using-max-with-strings",[25,83025,82359],{},[14,83027,83028,83030],{},[25,83029,82359],{}," can compare strings too.",[18,83032,83034],{"className":20,"code":83033,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[25,83035,83036,83068],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83037,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83039,3840],{"class":34},[28,83041,39],{"class":38},[28,83043,3388],{"class":93},[28,83045,234],{"class":42},[28,83047,3849],{"class":46},[28,83049,234],{"class":42},[28,83051,2759],{"class":93},[28,83053,43],{"class":42},[28,83055,3858],{"class":46},[28,83057,234],{"class":42},[28,83059,2759],{"class":93},[28,83061,43],{"class":42},[28,83063,78523],{"class":46},[28,83065,234],{"class":42},[28,83067,3401],{"class":93},[28,83069,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83071,115],{"class":114},[28,83073,94],{"class":93},[28,83075,82418],{"class":114},[28,83077,94],{"class":93},[28,83079,3884],{"class":120},[28,83081,318],{"class":93},[14,83083,336],{},[18,83085,83086],{"className":20,"code":82524,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,83087,83088],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83089,83090],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83091,82524],{"class":34},[14,83093,83094],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83096,68062],{},[177,83098,83099,83108,83111],{},[180,83100,83101,83104,83105,83107],{},[25,83102,83103],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[25,83106,65053],{}," alphabetically",[180,83109,83110],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[180,83112,83113],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83115,924],{},[18,83117,83119],{"className":20,"code":83118,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[25,83120,83121,83154],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83122,83123,83125,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83124,3840],{"class":34},[28,83126,39],{"class":38},[28,83128,3388],{"class":93},[28,83130,234],{"class":42},[28,83132,3849],{"class":46},[28,83134,234],{"class":42},[28,83136,2759],{"class":93},[28,83138,43],{"class":42},[28,83140,83141],{"class":46},"Banana",[28,83143,234],{"class":42},[28,83145,2759],{"class":93},[28,83147,43],{"class":42},[28,83149,78523],{"class":46},[28,83151,234],{"class":42},[28,83153,3401],{"class":93},[28,83155,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83157,115],{"class":114},[28,83159,94],{"class":93},[28,83161,82418],{"class":114},[28,83163,94],{"class":93},[28,83165,3884],{"class":120},[28,83167,318],{"class":93},[14,83169,83170],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83172,83173,83174,83176],{},"You can fix that with the ",[25,83175,14627],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[172,83178,36403,83179,36406],{"id":78481},[25,83180,14627],{},[14,83182,679,83183,83185],{},[25,83184,14627],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83187,83188],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1109,83190,83192],{"id":83191},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[18,83194,83196],{"className":20,"code":83195,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[25,83197,83198,83230],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83199,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83201,3840],{"class":34},[28,83203,39],{"class":38},[28,83205,3388],{"class":93},[28,83207,234],{"class":42},[28,83209,36838],{"class":46},[28,83211,234],{"class":42},[28,83213,2759],{"class":93},[28,83215,43],{"class":42},[28,83217,68105],{"class":46},[28,83219,234],{"class":42},[28,83221,2759],{"class":93},[28,83223,43],{"class":42},[28,83225,57907],{"class":46},[28,83227,234],{"class":42},[28,83229,3401],{"class":93},[28,83231,83232,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83233,115],{"class":114},[28,83235,94],{"class":93},[28,83237,82418],{"class":114},[28,83239,94],{"class":93},[28,83241,3884],{"class":120},[28,83243,2759],{"class":93},[28,83245,21367],{"class":8954},[28,83247,39],{"class":38},[28,83249,10941],{"class":114},[28,83251,318],{"class":93},[14,83253,336],{},[18,83255,83257],{"className":20,"code":83256,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"elephant\n",[25,83258,83259],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83260,83261],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83262,83256],{"class":34},[14,83264,20559,83265,83268],{},[25,83266,83267],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83270,83271,83272,33420,83274,385],{},"If you are new to ",[25,83273,42151],{},[381,83275,83276,5559],{"href":42148},[25,83277,42151],{},[1109,83279,83281],{"id":83280},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[18,83283,83285],{"className":20,"code":83284,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[25,83286,83287,83319],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83288,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83290,3840],{"class":34},[28,83292,39],{"class":38},[28,83294,3388],{"class":93},[28,83296,234],{"class":42},[28,83298,3849],{"class":46},[28,83300,234],{"class":42},[28,83302,2759],{"class":93},[28,83304,43],{"class":42},[28,83306,83141],{"class":46},[28,83308,234],{"class":42},[28,83310,2759],{"class":93},[28,83312,43],{"class":42},[28,83314,78523],{"class":46},[28,83316,234],{"class":42},[28,83318,3401],{"class":93},[28,83320,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83322,115],{"class":114},[28,83324,94],{"class":93},[28,83326,82418],{"class":114},[28,83328,94],{"class":93},[28,83330,3884],{"class":120},[28,83332,2759],{"class":93},[28,83334,21367],{"class":8954},[28,83336,39],{"class":38},[28,83338,355],{"class":89},[28,83340,385],{"class":93},[28,83342,8417],{"class":24538},[28,83344,318],{"class":93},[14,83346,336],{},[18,83348,83349],{"className":20,"code":82524,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,83350,83351],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83352,83353],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83354,82524],{"class":34},[14,83356,20559,83357,83359],{},[25,83358,78477],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1109,83361,83363],{"id":83362},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83365,83366,83367,271],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[25,83368,37451],{},[18,83370,83372],{"className":20,"code":83371,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[25,83373,83374,83417],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83375,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83395,83397,83399,83401,83404,83406,83408,83410,83413,83415],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83377,7555],{"class":34},[28,83379,39],{"class":38},[28,83381,3388],{"class":93},[28,83383,234],{"class":42},[28,83385,381],{"class":46},[28,83387,234],{"class":42},[28,83389,2759],{"class":93},[28,83391,43],{"class":42},[28,83393,83394],{"class":46},"bb",[28,83396,234],{"class":42},[28,83398,2759],{"class":93},[28,83400,43],{"class":42},[28,83402,83403],{"class":46},"cccc",[28,83405,234],{"class":42},[28,83407,2759],{"class":93},[28,83409,43],{"class":42},[28,83411,83412],{"class":46},"ddd",[28,83414,234],{"class":42},[28,83416,3401],{"class":93},[28,83418,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83420,115],{"class":114},[28,83422,94],{"class":93},[28,83424,82418],{"class":114},[28,83426,94],{"class":93},[28,83428,7586],{"class":120},[28,83430,2759],{"class":93},[28,83432,21367],{"class":8954},[28,83434,39],{"class":38},[28,83436,37451],{"class":349},[28,83438,42632],{"class":37454},[28,83440,271],{"class":93},[28,83442,38178],{"class":114},[28,83444,94],{"class":93},[28,83446,157],{"class":120},[28,83448,2679],{"class":93},[14,83450,336],{},[18,83452,83454],{"className":20,"code":83453,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"cccc\n",[25,83455,83456],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83457,83458],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83459,83453],{"class":34},[14,83461,49331,83462,1323,83464,83466],{},[25,83463,83267],{},[25,83465,78364],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[172,83468,36403,83470,36406],{"id":83469},"using-the-default-argument",[25,83471,82714],{},[14,83473,679,83474,83476],{},[25,83475,82714],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83478,83479],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[18,83481,83483],{"className":20,"code":83482,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[25,83484,83485,83493],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83486,83487,83489,83491],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83488,3383],{"class":34},[28,83490,39],{"class":38},[28,83492,7615],{"class":93},[28,83494,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83496,115],{"class":114},[28,83498,94],{"class":93},[28,83500,82418],{"class":114},[28,83502,94],{"class":93},[28,83504,3415],{"class":120},[28,83506,2759],{"class":93},[28,83508,26312],{"class":8954},[28,83510,39],{"class":38},[28,83512,1888],{"class":97},[28,83514,318],{"class":93},[14,83516,336],{},[18,83518,83519],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,83520,83521],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83522,83523],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83524,47035],{"class":97},[14,83526,83527],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83529,83530,83531,83533],{},"Without ",[25,83532,82714],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83535,51859],{},[18,83537,83539],{"className":20,"code":83538,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[25,83540,83541,83549,83576],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83542,83543,83545,83547],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83544,3840],{"class":34},[28,83546,39],{"class":38},[28,83548,7615],{"class":93},[28,83550,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83572,83574],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83552,1999],{"class":34},[28,83554,39],{"class":38},[28,83556,82765],{"class":114},[28,83558,94],{"class":93},[28,83560,3884],{"class":120},[28,83562,2759],{"class":93},[28,83564,26312],{"class":8954},[28,83566,39],{"class":38},[28,83568,234],{"class":42},[28,83570,83571],{"class":46},"no words found",[28,83573,234],{"class":42},[28,83575,101],{"class":93},[28,83577,83578,83580,83582,83584],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,83579,115],{"class":114},[28,83581,94],{"class":93},[28,83583,2033],{"class":120},[28,83585,101],{"class":93},[14,83587,336],{},[18,83589,83591],{"className":20,"code":83590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"no words found\n",[25,83592,83593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83594,83595],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83596,83590],{"class":34},[14,83598,83599],{},"Important:",[177,83601,83602,83610],{},[180,83603,83604,83606,83607],{},[25,83605,82714],{}," works with ",[25,83608,83609],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[180,83611,40698,83612,83614,83615],{},[163,83613,4402],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[25,83616,83617],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[172,83619,47768],{"id":47767},[14,83621,83622,83623,385],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[25,83624,82359],{},[1109,83626,83628,83630],{"id":83627},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[25,83629,40496],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83632,83633,83634,45695,83636,385],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[25,83635,82714],{},[25,83637,40496],{},[18,83639,83641],{"className":20,"code":83640,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[25,83642,83643,83651],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83644,83645,83647,83649],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83646,3383],{"class":34},[28,83648,39],{"class":38},[28,83650,7615],{"class":93},[28,83652,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83654,115],{"class":114},[28,83656,94],{"class":93},[28,83658,82418],{"class":114},[28,83660,94],{"class":93},[28,83662,3415],{"class":120},[28,83664,318],{"class":93},[14,83666,29471],{},[18,83668,83670],{"className":20,"code":83669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[25,83671,83672],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83673,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83685,83687],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83675,40496],{"class":89},[28,83677,271],{"class":93},[28,83679,82765],{"class":114},[28,83681,7141],{"class":93},[28,83683,83684],{"class":34}," arg ",[28,83686,11976],{"class":38},[28,83688,83689],{"class":34}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83691,83692,83693,271],{},"Fix it by using ",[25,83694,82714],{},[18,83696,83698],{"className":20,"code":83697,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[25,83699,83700,83708],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83701,83702,83704,83706],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83703,3383],{"class":34},[28,83705,39],{"class":38},[28,83707,7615],{"class":93},[28,83709,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83711,115],{"class":114},[28,83713,94],{"class":93},[28,83715,82418],{"class":114},[28,83717,94],{"class":93},[28,83719,3415],{"class":120},[28,83721,2759],{"class":93},[28,83723,26312],{"class":8954},[28,83725,39],{"class":38},[28,83727,3546],{"class":776},[28,83729,318],{"class":93},[14,83731,83732,83733,385],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[381,83734,65618],{"href":72657},[1109,83736,83738,83740],{"id":83737},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[25,83739,2775],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83742,83743,83744,385],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[25,83745,2775],{},[18,83747,83749],{"className":20,"code":83748,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[25,83750,83751,83775],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83752,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83754,7555],{"class":34},[28,83756,39],{"class":38},[28,83758,3388],{"class":93},[28,83760,2099],{"class":97},[28,83762,2759],{"class":93},[28,83764,43],{"class":42},[28,83766,15539],{"class":46},[28,83768,234],{"class":42},[28,83770,2759],{"class":93},[28,83772,7571],{"class":97},[28,83774,3401],{"class":93},[28,83776,83777,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83778,115],{"class":114},[28,83780,94],{"class":93},[28,83782,82418],{"class":114},[28,83784,94],{"class":93},[28,83786,7586],{"class":120},[28,83788,318],{"class":93},[14,83790,83791],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83793,83794],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[18,83796,83798],{"className":20,"code":83797,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[25,83799,83800,83820],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83801,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83803,7555],{"class":34},[28,83805,39],{"class":38},[28,83807,3388],{"class":93},[28,83809,2099],{"class":97},[28,83811,2759],{"class":93},[28,83813,7566],{"class":97},[28,83815,2759],{"class":93},[28,83817,7571],{"class":97},[28,83819,3401],{"class":93},[28,83821,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83823,115],{"class":114},[28,83825,94],{"class":93},[28,83827,82418],{"class":114},[28,83829,94],{"class":93},[28,83831,7586],{"class":120},[28,83833,318],{"class":93},[14,83835,83836,83837,385],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[381,83838,83840],{"href":83839},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1109,83842,83844,83846],{"id":83843},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[25,83845,2775],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83848,83849,83851],{},[25,83850,82359],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[18,83853,83855],{"className":20,"code":83854,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(max())\n",[25,83856,83857],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83858,83859,83861,83863,83865],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83860,115],{"class":114},[28,83862,94],{"class":93},[28,83864,82418],{"class":114},[28,83866,6970],{"class":93},[14,83868,2772,83869,385],{},[25,83870,2775],{},[172,83872,83874,10365,83876],{"id":83873},"max-vs-sorted",[25,83875,82359],{},[25,83877,74203],{},[14,83879,83880],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83882,83883,271],{},[25,83884,82359],{},[177,83886,83887],{},[180,83888,83889],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83891,83892,271],{},[25,83893,74203],{},[177,83895,83896],{},[180,83897,83898],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83900,924],{},[18,83902,83904],{"className":20,"code":83903,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[25,83905,83906,83930,83934,83948],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83907,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83909,3383],{"class":34},[28,83911,39],{"class":38},[28,83913,3388],{"class":93},[28,83915,1831],{"class":97},[28,83917,2759],{"class":93},[28,83919,6136],{"class":97},[28,83921,2759],{"class":93},[28,83923,2762],{"class":97},[28,83925,2759],{"class":93},[28,83927,4376],{"class":97},[28,83929,3401],{"class":93},[28,83931,83932],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83933,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,83935,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,83937,115],{"class":114},[28,83939,94],{"class":93},[28,83941,82418],{"class":114},[28,83943,94],{"class":93},[28,83945,3415],{"class":120},[28,83947,318],{"class":93},[28,83949,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,83951,115],{"class":114},[28,83953,94],{"class":93},[28,83955,74293],{"class":114},[28,83957,94],{"class":93},[28,83959,3415],{"class":120},[28,83961,318],{"class":93},[14,83963,336],{},[18,83965,83967],{"className":20,"code":83966,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[25,83968,83969,83973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,83970,83971],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,83972,2150],{"class":97},[28,83974,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,83976,3669],{"class":93},[28,83978,1825],{"class":97},[28,83980,2759],{"class":93},[28,83982,2221],{"class":97},[28,83984,2759],{"class":93},[28,83986,4376],{"class":97},[28,83988,2759],{"class":93},[28,83990,6136],{"class":97},[28,83992,3401],{"class":93},[14,83994,1631,83995,83997],{},[25,83996,82359],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83999,1631,84000,84004],{},[381,84001,84002],{"href":74300},[25,84003,74203],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84006,84007,84008,385],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[381,84009,84011],{"href":84010},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[25,84012,84013],{},"min()",[172,84015,1104],{"id":1103},[14,84017,84018],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[177,84020,84021,84028,84031,84036,84039],{},[180,84022,29440,84023,84025,84026],{},[25,84024,82359],{}," on an empty list without ",[25,84027,82714],{},[180,84029,84030],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[180,84032,8230,84033,84035],{},[25,84034,82359],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[180,84037,84038],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[180,84040,8194,84041,84043],{},[25,84042,82714],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84045,10892],{},[18,84047,84049],{"className":20,"code":84048,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[25,84050,84051,84061,84075,84089,84103,84125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84052,84053,84055,84057,84059],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84054,115],{"class":114},[28,84056,94],{"class":93},[28,84058,7586],{"class":120},[28,84060,101],{"class":93},[28,84062,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84064,115],{"class":114},[28,84066,94],{"class":93},[28,84068,311],{"class":89},[28,84070,94],{"class":93},[28,84072,7586],{"class":120},[28,84074,318],{"class":93},[28,84076,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,84078,115],{"class":114},[28,84080,94],{"class":93},[28,84082,10941],{"class":114},[28,84084,94],{"class":93},[28,84086,7586],{"class":120},[28,84088,318],{"class":93},[28,84090,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,84092,115],{"class":114},[28,84094,94],{"class":93},[28,84096,82418],{"class":114},[28,84098,94],{"class":93},[28,84100,7586],{"class":120},[28,84102,318],{"class":93},[28,84104,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,84106,115],{"class":114},[28,84108,94],{"class":93},[28,84110,82418],{"class":114},[28,84112,94],{"class":93},[28,84114,7586],{"class":120},[28,84116,2759],{"class":93},[28,84118,26312],{"class":8954},[28,84120,39],{"class":38},[28,84122,3546],{"class":776},[28,84124,318],{"class":93},[28,84126,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,84128,115],{"class":114},[28,84130,2753],{"class":93},[28,84132,311],{"class":89},[28,84134,94],{"class":93},[28,84136,1944],{"class":120},[28,84138,3428],{"class":93},[28,84140,3645],{"class":3644},[28,84142,3648],{"class":120},[28,84144,3651],{"class":3644},[28,84146,5742],{"class":120},[28,84148,3657],{"class":93},[14,84150,84151],{},"These are useful for checking:",[177,84153,84154,84159,84164,84167],{},[180,84155,84156,84157],{},"What is actually inside ",[25,84158,7586],{},[180,84160,79530,84161,84163],{},[25,84162,7586],{}," is a list or some other type",[180,84165,84166],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[180,84168,84169],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84171,69126,84172,84175,84176,84178],{},[25,84173,84174],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[25,84177,7586],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[172,84180,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,84182,4915,84184,4918],{"id":84183},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[25,84185,82359],{},[14,84187,84188],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1109,84190,4943,84192,84194],{"id":84191},"can-max-work-with-strings",[25,84193,82359],{}," work with strings?",[14,84196,84197],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1109,84199,71425],{"id":71424},[14,84201,84202,52274,84204,84206,84207,84209],{},[25,84203,82359],{},[25,84205,40496],{}," unless you use the ",[25,84208,82714],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1109,84211,84213,84214,2262],{"id":84212},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[25,84215,82359],{},[14,84217,1631,84218,271],{},[25,84219,83267],{},[18,84221,84222],{"className":20,"code":83195,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,84223,84224,84256],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84225,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84227,3840],{"class":34},[28,84229,39],{"class":38},[28,84231,3388],{"class":93},[28,84233,234],{"class":42},[28,84235,36838],{"class":46},[28,84237,234],{"class":42},[28,84239,2759],{"class":93},[28,84241,43],{"class":42},[28,84243,68105],{"class":46},[28,84245,234],{"class":42},[28,84247,2759],{"class":93},[28,84249,43],{"class":42},[28,84251,57907],{"class":46},[28,84253,234],{"class":42},[28,84255,3401],{"class":93},[28,84257,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84259,115],{"class":114},[28,84261,94],{"class":93},[28,84263,82418],{"class":114},[28,84265,94],{"class":93},[28,84267,3884],{"class":120},[28,84269,2759],{"class":93},[28,84271,21367],{"class":8954},[28,84273,39],{"class":38},[28,84275,10941],{"class":114},[28,84277,318],{"class":93},[1109,84279,4953,84281,1323,84283,2262],{"id":84280},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[25,84282,82359],{},[25,84284,74203],{},[14,84286,84287,84289,84290,84292],{},[25,84288,82359],{}," returns one largest item. ",[25,84291,74203],{}," returns all items in order.",[172,84294,1662],{"id":1661},[177,84296,84297,84303,84309,84315,84319,84323],{},[180,84298,84299],{},[381,84300,84301,861],{"href":84010},[25,84302,84013],{},[180,84304,84305],{},[381,84306,84307,861],{"href":74300},[25,84308,74203],{},[180,84310,84311],{},[381,84312,84313,861],{"href":42148},[25,84314,42151],{},[180,84316,84317],{},[381,84318,58736],{"href":58735},[180,84320,84321],{},[381,84322,65618],{"href":72657},[180,84324,84325],{},[381,84326,83840],{"href":83839},[1699,84328,84329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":84331},[84332,84333,84335,84336,84338,84340,84342,84347,84349,84357,84359,84360,84371],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":82549,"depth":53,"text":84334},"What max() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":82718,"depth":53,"text":84337},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82888,"depth":53,"text":84339},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83023,"depth":53,"text":84341},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78481,"depth":53,"text":79679,"children":84343},[84344,84345,84346],{"id":83191,"depth":70,"text":83192},{"id":83280,"depth":70,"text":83281},{"id":83362,"depth":70,"text":83363},{"id":83469,"depth":53,"text":84348},"Using the default argument",{"id":47767,"depth":53,"text":47768,"children":84350},[84351,84353,84355],{"id":83627,"depth":70,"text":84352},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83737,"depth":70,"text":84354},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83843,"depth":70,"text":84356},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83873,"depth":53,"text":84358},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":84361},[84362,84364,84366,84367,84369],{"id":84183,"depth":70,"text":84363},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84191,"depth":70,"text":84365},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71424,"depth":70,"text":71425},{"id":84212,"depth":70,"text":84368},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84280,"depth":70,"text":84370},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82351,"description":84372},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84379,"title":84380,"body":84381,"description":86334,"extension":1730,"meta":86335,"navigation":107,"path":86336,"seo":86337,"stem":86338,"__hash__":86339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84382,"toc":86291},[84383,84388,84393,84399,84401,84475,84477,84490,84495,84500,84516,84520,84525,84600,84606,84609,84652,84654,84662,84668,84671,84702,84704,84712,84718,84723,84782,84784,84793,84796,84806,84812,84817,84852,84854,84862,84868,84874,84879,84923,84925,84934,84937,84977,84979,84988,84991,85003,85008,85013,85064,85066,85075,85078,85129,85131,85140,85143,85150,85156,85161,85163,85178,85182,85242,85244,85253,85257,85429,85431,85468,85475,85481,85484,85511,85513,85534,85539,85574,85576,85584,85587,85590,85606,85611,85613,85617,85623,85627,85654,85657,85667,85707,85711,85714,85757,85759,85768,85771,85776,85845,85847,85855,85860,85864,85867,85918,85920,85928,85931,85994,85996,86004,86007,86012,86016,86029,86036,86044,86046,86048,86078,86084,86185,86195,86197,86202,86205,86210,86213,86215,86223,86231,86239,86246,86254,86256,86288],[10,84384,858,84386,3344],{"id":84385},"python-min-function-explained",[25,84387,84013],{},[14,84389,84390,84392],{},[25,84391,84013],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84394,84395,84396,84398],{},"This page explains what ",[25,84397,84013],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[172,84400,1771],{"id":1770},[18,84402,84404],{"className":20,"code":84403,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[25,84405,84406,84430,84445,84449],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84407,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84409,3383],{"class":34},[28,84411,39],{"class":38},[28,84413,3388],{"class":93},[28,84415,1905],{"class":97},[28,84417,2759],{"class":93},[28,84419,2762],{"class":97},[28,84421,2759],{"class":93},[28,84423,53916],{"class":97},[28,84425,2759],{"class":93},[28,84427,5273],{"class":97},[28,84429,3401],{"class":93},[28,84431,84432,84434,84436,84439,84441,84443],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84433,115],{"class":114},[28,84435,94],{"class":93},[28,84437,84438],{"class":114},"min",[28,84440,94],{"class":93},[28,84442,3415],{"class":120},[28,84444,318],{"class":93},[28,84446,84447],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,84448,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,84450,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,84452,115],{"class":114},[28,84454,94],{"class":93},[28,84456,84438],{"class":114},[28,84458,94],{"class":93},[28,84460,1905],{"class":97},[28,84462,2759],{"class":93},[28,84464,2762],{"class":97},[28,84466,2759],{"class":93},[28,84468,53916],{"class":97},[28,84470,2759],{"class":93},[28,84472,5273],{"class":97},[28,84474,318],{"class":93},[14,84476,336],{},[18,84478,84480],{"className":20,"code":84479,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1\n1\n",[25,84481,84482,84486],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84483,84484],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84485,46700],{"class":97},[28,84487,84488],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84489,46700],{"class":97},[14,84491,1631,84492,84494],{},[25,84493,84013],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[172,84496,3445,84498,3448],{"id":84497},"what-min-does",[25,84499,84013],{},[177,84501,84502,84507,84510,84513],{},[180,84503,84504,84506],{},[25,84505,84013],{}," returns the smallest item",[180,84508,84509],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[180,84511,84512],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[180,84514,84515],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[172,84517,84519],{"id":84518},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84521,84522,84523,271],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[25,84524,84013],{},[18,84526,84528],{"className":20,"code":84527,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[25,84529,84530,84540,84564,84582],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84531,84532,84534,84536,84538],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84533,84438],{"class":114},[28,84535,94],{"class":93},[28,84537,3489],{"class":120},[28,84539,101],{"class":93},[28,84541,84542,84544,84546,84548,84550,84553,84555,84558,84560,84562],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84543,84438],{"class":114},[28,84545,94],{"class":93},[28,84547,1373],{"class":120},[28,84549,2759],{"class":93},[28,84551,84552],{"class":120}," value2",[28,84554,2759],{"class":93},[28,84556,84557],{"class":120}," value3",[28,84559,2759],{"class":93},[28,84561,34245],{"class":114},[28,84563,101],{"class":93},[28,84565,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,84567,84438],{"class":114},[28,84569,94],{"class":93},[28,84571,3489],{"class":120},[28,84573,2759],{"class":93},[28,84575,21367],{"class":8954},[28,84577,39],{"class":38},[28,84579,37162],{"class":114},[28,84581,101],{"class":93},[28,84583,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,84585,84438],{"class":114},[28,84587,94],{"class":93},[28,84589,3489],{"class":120},[28,84591,2759],{"class":93},[28,84593,26312],{"class":8954},[28,84595,39],{"class":38},[28,84597,37162],{"class":114},[28,84599,101],{"class":93},[1109,84601,84603],{"id":84602},"miniterable",[25,84604,84605],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84607,84608],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[18,84610,84612],{"className":20,"code":84611,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[25,84613,84614,84638],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84615,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84617,3383],{"class":34},[28,84619,39],{"class":38},[28,84621,3388],{"class":93},[28,84623,2114],{"class":97},[28,84625,2759],{"class":93},[28,84627,2221],{"class":97},[28,84629,2759],{"class":93},[28,84631,30733],{"class":97},[28,84633,2759],{"class":93},[28,84635,5273],{"class":97},[28,84637,3401],{"class":93},[28,84639,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84641,115],{"class":114},[28,84643,94],{"class":93},[28,84645,84438],{"class":114},[28,84647,94],{"class":93},[28,84649,3415],{"class":120},[28,84651,318],{"class":93},[14,84653,336],{},[18,84655,84656],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,84657,84658],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84659,84660],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84661,46700],{"class":97},[1109,84663,84665],{"id":84664},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[25,84666,84667],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84669,84670],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[18,84672,84674],{"className":20,"code":84673,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[25,84675,84676],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84677,84678,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84679,115],{"class":114},[28,84681,94],{"class":93},[28,84683,84438],{"class":114},[28,84685,94],{"class":93},[28,84687,2114],{"class":97},[28,84689,2759],{"class":93},[28,84691,2221],{"class":97},[28,84693,2759],{"class":93},[28,84695,30733],{"class":97},[28,84697,2759],{"class":93},[28,84699,5273],{"class":97},[28,84701,318],{"class":93},[14,84703,336],{},[18,84705,84706],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,84707,84708],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84709,84710],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84711,46700],{"class":97},[1109,84713,84715],{"id":84714},"miniterable-key",[25,84716,84717],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84719,1631,84720,84722],{},[25,84721,14627],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[18,84724,84726],{"className":20,"code":84725,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[25,84727,84728,84760],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84729,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84731,3840],{"class":34},[28,84733,39],{"class":38},[28,84735,3388],{"class":93},[28,84737,234],{"class":42},[28,84739,78523],{"class":46},[28,84741,234],{"class":42},[28,84743,2759],{"class":93},[28,84745,43],{"class":42},[28,84747,38133],{"class":46},[28,84749,234],{"class":42},[28,84751,2759],{"class":93},[28,84753,43],{"class":42},[28,84755,3858],{"class":46},[28,84757,234],{"class":42},[28,84759,3401],{"class":93},[28,84761,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84763,115],{"class":114},[28,84765,94],{"class":93},[28,84767,84438],{"class":114},[28,84769,94],{"class":93},[28,84771,3884],{"class":120},[28,84773,2759],{"class":93},[28,84775,21367],{"class":8954},[28,84777,39],{"class":38},[28,84779,10941],{"class":114},[28,84781,318],{"class":93},[14,84783,336],{},[18,84785,84787],{"className":20,"code":84786,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"kiwi\n",[25,84788,84789],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84790,84791],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84792,84786],{"class":34},[14,84794,84795],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84797,84798,84799,84801,84802,385],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[25,84800,42151],{},", see the ",[381,84803,84804,861],{"href":42148},[25,84805,42151],{},[1109,84807,84809],{"id":84808},"miniterable-default",[25,84810,84811],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84813,1631,84814,84816],{},[25,84815,82714],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[18,84818,84820],{"className":20,"code":84819,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[25,84821,84822,84830],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84823,84824,84826,84828],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84825,3383],{"class":34},[28,84827,39],{"class":38},[28,84829,7615],{"class":93},[28,84831,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84833,115],{"class":114},[28,84835,94],{"class":93},[28,84837,84438],{"class":114},[28,84839,94],{"class":93},[28,84841,3415],{"class":120},[28,84843,2759],{"class":93},[28,84845,26312],{"class":8954},[28,84847,39],{"class":38},[28,84849,1888],{"class":97},[28,84851,318],{"class":93},[14,84853,336],{},[18,84855,84856],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,84857,84858],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84859,84860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84861,47035],{"class":97},[14,84863,84864,84865,84867],{},"This avoids a ",[25,84866,40496],{}," when there is no item to return.",[172,84869,8194,84871,84873],{"id":84870},"using-min-with-numbers",[25,84872,84013],{}," with numbers",[14,84875,84876,84878],{},[25,84877,84013],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[18,84880,84882],{"className":20,"code":84881,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[25,84883,84884,84909],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84885,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84887,4836],{"class":34},[28,84889,39],{"class":38},[28,84891,3388],{"class":93},[28,84893,51284],{"class":97},[28,84895,2759],{"class":93},[28,84897,84898],{"class":97}," 72",[28,84900,2759],{"class":93},[28,84902,28696],{"class":97},[28,84904,2759],{"class":93},[28,84906,75879],{"class":97},[28,84908,3401],{"class":93},[28,84910,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84912,115],{"class":114},[28,84914,94],{"class":93},[28,84916,84438],{"class":114},[28,84918,94],{"class":93},[28,84920,16174],{"class":120},[28,84922,318],{"class":93},[14,84924,336],{},[18,84926,84928],{"className":20,"code":84927,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"60\n",[25,84929,84930],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84931,84932],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84933,84927],{"class":97},[14,84935,84936],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[18,84938,84940],{"className":20,"code":84939,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[25,84941,84942,84963],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84943,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84957,84959,84961],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84945,82826],{"class":34},[28,84947,39],{"class":38},[28,84949,3388],{"class":93},[28,84951,40190],{"class":97},[28,84953,2759],{"class":93},[28,84955,84956],{"class":97}," 5.49",[28,84958,2759],{"class":93},[28,84960,82842],{"class":97},[28,84962,3401],{"class":93},[28,84964,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,84966,115],{"class":114},[28,84968,94],{"class":93},[28,84970,84438],{"class":114},[28,84972,94],{"class":93},[28,84974,82862],{"class":120},[28,84976,318],{"class":93},[14,84978,336],{},[18,84980,84982],{"className":20,"code":84981,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5.49\n",[25,84983,84984],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,84985,84986],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,84987,84981],{"class":97},[14,84989,84990],{},"This is useful for things like:",[177,84992,84993,84995,84997,85000],{},[180,84994,16174],{},[180,84996,82862],{},[180,84998,84999],{},"measurements",[180,85001,85002],{},"ages",[172,85004,8194,85006,46842],{"id":85005},"using-min-with-strings",[25,85007,84013],{},[14,85009,85010,85012],{},[25,85011,84013],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[18,85014,85016],{"className":20,"code":85015,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[25,85017,85018,85050],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85019,85020,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85021,3840],{"class":34},[28,85023,39],{"class":38},[28,85025,3388],{"class":93},[28,85027,234],{"class":42},[28,85029,3858],{"class":46},[28,85031,234],{"class":42},[28,85033,2759],{"class":93},[28,85035,43],{"class":42},[28,85037,3849],{"class":46},[28,85039,234],{"class":42},[28,85041,2759],{"class":93},[28,85043,43],{"class":42},[28,85045,3867],{"class":46},[28,85047,234],{"class":42},[28,85049,3401],{"class":93},[28,85051,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85053,115],{"class":114},[28,85055,94],{"class":93},[28,85057,84438],{"class":114},[28,85059,94],{"class":93},[28,85061,3884],{"class":120},[28,85063,318],{"class":93},[14,85065,336],{},[18,85067,85069],{"className":20,"code":85068,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"apple\n",[25,85070,85071],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85072,85073],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85074,85068],{"class":34},[14,85076,85077],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[18,85079,85081],{"className":20,"code":85080,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[25,85082,85083,85115],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85084,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85086,3840],{"class":34},[28,85088,39],{"class":38},[28,85090,3388],{"class":93},[28,85092,234],{"class":42},[28,85094,3858],{"class":46},[28,85096,234],{"class":42},[28,85098,2759],{"class":93},[28,85100,43],{"class":42},[28,85102,57548],{"class":46},[28,85104,234],{"class":42},[28,85106,2759],{"class":93},[28,85108,43],{"class":42},[28,85110,3867],{"class":46},[28,85112,234],{"class":42},[28,85114,3401],{"class":93},[28,85116,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85118,115],{"class":114},[28,85120,94],{"class":93},[28,85122,84438],{"class":114},[28,85124,94],{"class":93},[28,85126,3884],{"class":120},[28,85128,318],{"class":93},[14,85130,336],{},[18,85132,85134],{"className":20,"code":85133,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Apple\n",[25,85135,85136],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85137,85138],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85139,85133],{"class":34},[14,85141,85142],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85144,85145,85146,385],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[381,85147,85148,5559],{"href":74300},[25,85149,74203],{},[172,85151,8194,85153,85155],{"id":85152},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[25,85154,84013],{}," with a key function",[14,85157,679,85158,85160],{},[25,85159,14627],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85162,11239],{},[177,85164,85165,85170,85175],{},[180,85166,85167,85169],{},[25,85168,14627],{}," changes the comparison rule",[180,85171,85172,85174],{},[25,85173,84013],{}," still returns the original item",[180,85176,85177],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1109,85179,85181],{"id":85180},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[18,85183,85185],{"className":20,"code":85184,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[25,85186,85187,85220],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85188,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85216,85218],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85190,3840],{"class":34},[28,85192,39],{"class":38},[28,85194,3388],{"class":93},[28,85196,234],{"class":42},[28,85198,68105],{"class":46},[28,85200,234],{"class":42},[28,85202,2759],{"class":93},[28,85204,43],{"class":42},[28,85206,36838],{"class":46},[28,85208,234],{"class":42},[28,85210,2759],{"class":93},[28,85212,43],{"class":42},[28,85214,85215],{"class":46},"giraffe",[28,85217,234],{"class":42},[28,85219,3401],{"class":93},[28,85221,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85223,115],{"class":114},[28,85225,94],{"class":93},[28,85227,84438],{"class":114},[28,85229,94],{"class":93},[28,85231,3884],{"class":120},[28,85233,2759],{"class":93},[28,85235,21367],{"class":8954},[28,85237,39],{"class":38},[28,85239,10941],{"class":114},[28,85241,318],{"class":93},[14,85243,336],{},[18,85245,85247],{"className":20,"code":85246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"cat\n",[25,85248,85249],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85250,85251],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85252,85246],{"class":34},[1109,85254,85256],{"id":85255},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[18,85258,85260],{"className":20,"code":85259,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[25,85261,85262,85272,85307,85339,85371,85375,85379,85418],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85263,85264,85267,85269],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85265,85266],{"class":34},"students ",[28,85268,39],{"class":38},[28,85270,85271],{"class":93}," [\n",[28,85273,85274,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85298,85300,85302,85304],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85275,85276],{"class":93},"    {",[28,85278,234],{"class":42},[28,85280,121],{"class":46},[28,85282,234],{"class":42},[28,85284,271],{"class":93},[28,85286,43],{"class":42},[28,85288,12664],{"class":46},[28,85290,234],{"class":42},[28,85292,2759],{"class":93},[28,85294,43],{"class":42},[28,85296,85297],{"class":46},"score",[28,85299,234],{"class":42},[28,85301,271],{"class":93},[28,85303,13292],{"class":97},[28,85305,85306],{"class":93},"},\n",[28,85308,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,85310,85276],{"class":93},[28,85312,234],{"class":42},[28,85314,121],{"class":46},[28,85316,234],{"class":42},[28,85318,271],{"class":93},[28,85320,43],{"class":42},[28,85322,35730],{"class":46},[28,85324,234],{"class":42},[28,85326,2759],{"class":93},[28,85328,43],{"class":42},[28,85330,85297],{"class":46},[28,85332,234],{"class":42},[28,85334,271],{"class":93},[28,85336,84898],{"class":97},[28,85338,85306],{"class":93},[28,85340,85341,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,85342,85276],{"class":93},[28,85344,234],{"class":42},[28,85346,121],{"class":46},[28,85348,234],{"class":42},[28,85350,271],{"class":93},[28,85352,43],{"class":42},[28,85354,35739],{"class":46},[28,85356,234],{"class":42},[28,85358,2759],{"class":93},[28,85360,43],{"class":42},[28,85362,85297],{"class":46},[28,85364,234],{"class":42},[28,85366,271],{"class":93},[28,85368,19686],{"class":97},[28,85370,9087],{"class":93},[28,85372,85373],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,85374,3401],{"class":93},[28,85376,85377],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,85378,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,85380,85381,85384,85386,85389,85391,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,85382,85383],{"class":34},"lowest ",[28,85385,39],{"class":38},[28,85387,85388],{"class":114}," min",[28,85390,94],{"class":93},[28,85392,85393],{"class":120},"students",[28,85395,2759],{"class":93},[28,85397,21367],{"class":8954},[28,85399,39],{"class":38},[28,85401,37451],{"class":349},[28,85403,12690],{"class":37454},[28,85405,271],{"class":93},[28,85407,12690],{"class":120},[28,85409,3669],{"class":93},[28,85411,234],{"class":42},[28,85413,85297],{"class":46},[28,85415,234],{"class":42},[28,85417,3657],{"class":93},[28,85419,85420,85422,85424,85427],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,85421,115],{"class":114},[28,85423,94],{"class":93},[28,85425,85426],{"class":120},"lowest",[28,85428,101],{"class":93},[14,85430,336],{},[18,85432,85434],{"className":20,"code":85433,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[25,85435,85436],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85437,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85439,9057],{"class":93},[28,85441,358],{"class":42},[28,85443,121],{"class":46},[28,85445,358],{"class":42},[28,85447,271],{"class":93},[28,85449,61],{"class":42},[28,85451,35730],{"class":46},[28,85453,358],{"class":42},[28,85455,2759],{"class":93},[28,85457,61],{"class":42},[28,85459,85297],{"class":46},[28,85461,358],{"class":42},[28,85463,271],{"class":93},[28,85465,84898],{"class":97},[28,85467,9087],{"class":93},[14,85469,85470,85471,85474],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[25,85472,85473],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[172,85476,8194,85478,85480],{"id":85477},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[25,85479,82714],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85482,85483],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[18,85485,85487],{"className":20,"code":85486,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[25,85488,85489,85497],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85490,85491,85493,85495],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85492,3383],{"class":34},[28,85494,39],{"class":38},[28,85496,7615],{"class":93},[28,85498,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85500,115],{"class":114},[28,85502,94],{"class":93},[28,85504,84438],{"class":114},[28,85506,94],{"class":93},[28,85508,3415],{"class":120},[28,85510,318],{"class":93},[14,85512,336],{},[18,85514,85516],{"className":20,"code":85515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[25,85517,85518],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85519,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85521,40496],{"class":89},[28,85523,271],{"class":93},[28,85525,85388],{"class":114},[28,85527,7141],{"class":93},[28,85529,83684],{"class":34},[28,85531,11976],{"class":38},[28,85533,83689],{"class":34},[14,85535,85536,85537,271],{},"To avoid that, use ",[25,85538,82714],{},[18,85540,85542],{"className":20,"code":85541,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[25,85543,85544,85552],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85545,85546,85548,85550],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85547,3383],{"class":34},[28,85549,39],{"class":38},[28,85551,7615],{"class":93},[28,85553,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85555,115],{"class":114},[28,85557,94],{"class":93},[28,85559,84438],{"class":114},[28,85561,94],{"class":93},[28,85563,3415],{"class":120},[28,85565,2759],{"class":93},[28,85567,26312],{"class":8954},[28,85569,39],{"class":38},[28,85571,3546],{"class":776},[28,85573,318],{"class":93},[14,85575,336],{},[18,85577,85578],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,85579,85580],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85581,85582],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85583,11590],{"class":776},[14,85585,85586],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85588,85589],{},"Remember:",[177,85591,85592,85600],{},[180,85593,85594,85596,85597,85599],{},[25,85595,82714],{}," works only when ",[25,85598,84013],{}," gets one iterable argument",[180,85601,85602,85603],{},"It does not work with ",[25,85604,85605],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85607,85608,85609,385],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[381,85610,65618],{"href":72657},[172,85612,10524],{"id":10523},[14,85614,56555,85615,385],{},[25,85616,84013],{},[1109,85618,85620,85621],{"id":85619},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[25,85622,82714],{},[14,85624,2772,85625,271],{},[25,85626,40496],{},[18,85628,85630],{"className":20,"code":85629,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[25,85631,85632,85640],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85633,85634,85636,85638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85635,7555],{"class":34},[28,85637,39],{"class":38},[28,85639,7615],{"class":93},[28,85641,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85643,115],{"class":114},[28,85645,94],{"class":93},[28,85647,84438],{"class":114},[28,85649,94],{"class":93},[28,85651,7586],{"class":120},[28,85653,318],{"class":93},[14,85655,85656],{},"Fix it by:",[177,85658,85659,85662],{},[180,85660,85661],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[180,85663,85664,85665],{},"or using ",[25,85666,82714],{},[18,85668,85670],{"className":20,"code":85669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[25,85671,85672,85680],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85673,85674,85676,85678],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85675,7555],{"class":34},[28,85677,39],{"class":38},[28,85679,7615],{"class":93},[28,85681,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85703,85705],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85683,115],{"class":114},[28,85685,94],{"class":93},[28,85687,84438],{"class":114},[28,85689,94],{"class":93},[28,85691,7586],{"class":120},[28,85693,2759],{"class":93},[28,85695,26312],{"class":8954},[28,85697,39],{"class":38},[28,85699,234],{"class":42},[28,85701,85702],{"class":46},"no items",[28,85704,234],{"class":42},[28,85706,318],{"class":93},[1109,85708,85710],{"id":85709},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85712,85713],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[18,85715,85717],{"className":20,"code":85716,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[25,85718,85719,85743],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85720,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85722,8944],{"class":34},[28,85724,39],{"class":38},[28,85726,3388],{"class":93},[28,85728,2099],{"class":97},[28,85730,2759],{"class":93},[28,85732,43],{"class":42},[28,85734,15539],{"class":46},[28,85736,234],{"class":42},[28,85738,2759],{"class":93},[28,85740,4376],{"class":97},[28,85742,3401],{"class":93},[28,85744,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85746,115],{"class":114},[28,85748,94],{"class":93},[28,85750,84438],{"class":114},[28,85752,94],{"class":93},[28,85754,8983],{"class":120},[28,85756,318],{"class":93},[14,85758,336],{},[18,85760,85762],{"className":20,"code":85761,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"TypeError\n",[25,85763,85764],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85765,85766],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85767,85761],{"class":89},[14,85769,85770],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85772,85773,85774,385],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[25,85775,84013],{},[18,85777,85779],{"className":20,"code":85778,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[25,85780,85781,85805,85831],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85782,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85784,8944],{"class":34},[28,85786,39],{"class":38},[28,85788,3388],{"class":93},[28,85790,2099],{"class":97},[28,85792,2759],{"class":93},[28,85794,43],{"class":42},[28,85796,15539],{"class":46},[28,85798,234],{"class":42},[28,85800,2759],{"class":93},[28,85802,4376],{"class":97},[28,85804,3401],{"class":93},[28,85806,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85808,3383],{"class":34},[28,85810,39],{"class":38},[28,85812,3388],{"class":93},[28,85814,372],{"class":89},[28,85816,94],{"class":93},[28,85818,1944],{"class":120},[28,85820,3428],{"class":93},[28,85822,3645],{"class":3644},[28,85824,3648],{"class":34},[28,85826,3651],{"class":3644},[28,85828,14352],{"class":34},[28,85830,3401],{"class":93},[28,85832,85833,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,85834,115],{"class":114},[28,85836,94],{"class":93},[28,85838,84438],{"class":114},[28,85840,94],{"class":93},[28,85842,3415],{"class":120},[28,85844,318],{"class":93},[14,85846,336],{},[18,85848,85849],{"className":20,"code":2714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,85850,85851],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85852,85853],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85854,2714],{"class":97},[14,85856,85857,85858,385],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[25,85859,2775],{},[1109,85861,85863],{"id":85862},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85865,85866],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[18,85868,85870],{"className":20,"code":85869,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[25,85871,85872,85904],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85873,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85875,3840],{"class":34},[28,85877,39],{"class":38},[28,85879,3388],{"class":93},[28,85881,234],{"class":42},[28,85883,79339],{"class":46},[28,85885,234],{"class":42},[28,85887,2759],{"class":93},[28,85889,43],{"class":42},[28,85891,57548],{"class":46},[28,85893,234],{"class":42},[28,85895,2759],{"class":93},[28,85897,43],{"class":42},[28,85899,79356],{"class":46},[28,85901,234],{"class":42},[28,85903,3401],{"class":93},[28,85905,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85907,115],{"class":114},[28,85909,94],{"class":93},[28,85911,84438],{"class":114},[28,85913,94],{"class":93},[28,85915,3884],{"class":120},[28,85917,318],{"class":93},[14,85919,336],{},[18,85921,85922],{"className":20,"code":85133,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,85923,85924],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85925,85926],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85927,85133],{"class":34},[14,85929,85930],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[18,85932,85934],{"className":20,"code":85933,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[25,85935,85936,85968],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,85937,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,85939,3840],{"class":34},[28,85941,39],{"class":38},[28,85943,3388],{"class":93},[28,85945,234],{"class":42},[28,85947,79339],{"class":46},[28,85949,234],{"class":42},[28,85951,2759],{"class":93},[28,85953,43],{"class":42},[28,85955,57548],{"class":46},[28,85957,234],{"class":42},[28,85959,2759],{"class":93},[28,85961,43],{"class":42},[28,85963,79356],{"class":46},[28,85965,234],{"class":42},[28,85967,3401],{"class":93},[28,85969,85970,85972,85974,85976,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,85971,115],{"class":114},[28,85973,94],{"class":93},[28,85975,84438],{"class":114},[28,85977,94],{"class":93},[28,85979,3884],{"class":120},[28,85981,2759],{"class":93},[28,85983,21367],{"class":8954},[28,85985,39],{"class":38},[28,85987,355],{"class":89},[28,85989,385],{"class":93},[28,85991,8417],{"class":24538},[28,85993,318],{"class":93},[14,85995,336],{},[18,85997,85998],{"className":20,"code":85133,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,85999,86000],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86001,86002],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86003,85133],{"class":34},[14,86005,86006],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[172,86008,4734,86010],{"id":86009},"when-to-use-min",[25,86011,84013],{},[14,86013,1631,86014,10381],{},[25,86015,84013],{},[177,86017,86018,86021,86026],{},[180,86019,86020],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[180,86022,86023,86024],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[25,86025,14627],{},[180,86027,86028],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86030,1631,86031,86035],{},[381,86032,86033],{"href":74300},[25,86034,74203],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86037,1631,86038,86043],{},[381,86039,86041],{"href":86040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[25,86042,82359],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[172,86045,1104],{"id":1103},[14,86047,84018],{},[177,86049,86050,86058,86061,86066,86073],{},[180,86051,86052,86053,86055,86056],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[25,86054,84013],{}," without using ",[25,86057,82714],{},[180,86059,86060],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[180,86062,8230,86063,86065],{},[25,86064,84013],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[180,86067,4476,86068,86070,86071,85174],{},[25,86069,14627],{}," affects comparison but ",[25,86072,84013],{},[180,86074,8194,86075,86077],{},[25,86076,82714],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86079,86080,86081,86083],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[25,86082,84013],{},", these quick checks can help:",[18,86085,86087],{"className":20,"code":86086,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[25,86088,86089,86103,86113,86127,86141,86163],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86090,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86092,115],{"class":114},[28,86094,94],{"class":93},[28,86096,311],{"class":89},[28,86098,94],{"class":93},[28,86100,8983],{"class":120},[28,86102,318],{"class":93},[28,86104,86105,86107,86109,86111],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86106,115],{"class":114},[28,86108,94],{"class":93},[28,86110,8983],{"class":120},[28,86112,101],{"class":93},[28,86114,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86116,115],{"class":114},[28,86118,94],{"class":93},[28,86120,10941],{"class":114},[28,86122,94],{"class":93},[28,86124,8983],{"class":120},[28,86126,318],{"class":93},[28,86128,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,86130,115],{"class":114},[28,86132,94],{"class":93},[28,86134,84438],{"class":114},[28,86136,94],{"class":93},[28,86138,8983],{"class":120},[28,86140,318],{"class":93},[28,86142,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,86144,115],{"class":114},[28,86146,94],{"class":93},[28,86148,84438],{"class":114},[28,86150,94],{"class":93},[28,86152,8983],{"class":120},[28,86154,2759],{"class":93},[28,86156,26312],{"class":8954},[28,86158,39],{"class":38},[28,86160,3546],{"class":776},[28,86162,318],{"class":93},[28,86164,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179,86181,86183],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,86166,115],{"class":114},[28,86168,94],{"class":93},[28,86170,84438],{"class":114},[28,86172,94],{"class":93},[28,86174,3884],{"class":120},[28,86176,2759],{"class":93},[28,86178,21367],{"class":8954},[28,86180,39],{"class":38},[28,86182,10941],{"class":114},[28,86184,318],{"class":93},[14,86186,86187,86188,86191,86192,86194],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[25,86189,86190],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[25,86193,8983],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[172,86196,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,86198,4915,86200,4918],{"id":86199},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[25,86201,84013],{},[14,86203,86204],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1109,86206,4943,86208,84194],{"id":86207},"can-min-work-with-strings",[25,86209,84013],{},[14,86211,86212],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1109,86214,71425],{"id":71424},[14,86216,86217,52274,86219,84206,86221,36412],{},[25,86218,84013],{},[25,86220,40496],{},[25,86222,82714],{},[1109,86224,4915,86226,86228,86229,2262],{"id":86225},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[25,86227,14627],{}," do in ",[25,86230,84013],{},[14,86232,86233,86235,86236,86238],{},[25,86234,14627],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[25,86237,83267],{}," compares strings by length.",[1109,86240,4953,86242,1323,86244,2262],{"id":86241},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[25,86243,84013],{},[25,86245,74203],{},[14,86247,86248,86250,86251,86253],{},[25,86249,84013],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[25,86252,74203],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[172,86255,1662],{"id":1661},[177,86257,86258,86264,86270,86276,86280,86284],{},[180,86259,86260],{},[381,86261,86262,861],{"href":86040},[25,86263,82359],{},[180,86265,86266],{},[381,86267,86268,861],{"href":74300},[25,86269,74203],{},[180,86271,86272],{},[381,86273,86274,861],{"href":42148},[25,86275,42151],{},[180,86277,86278],{},[381,86279,79652],{"href":78155},[180,86281,86282],{},[381,86283,58736],{"href":58735},[180,86285,86286],{},[381,86287,65618],{"href":72657},[1699,86289,86290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":86292},[86293,86294,86296,86302,86304,86306,86311,86313,86319,86321,86322,86333],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":84497,"depth":53,"text":86295},"What min() does",{"id":84518,"depth":53,"text":84519,"children":86297},[86298,86299,86300,86301],{"id":84602,"depth":70,"text":84605},{"id":84664,"depth":70,"text":84667},{"id":84714,"depth":70,"text":84717},{"id":84808,"depth":70,"text":84811},{"id":84870,"depth":53,"text":86303},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85005,"depth":53,"text":86305},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85152,"depth":53,"text":86307,"children":86308},"Using min() with a key function",[86309,86310],{"id":85180,"depth":70,"text":85181},{"id":85255,"depth":70,"text":85256},{"id":85477,"depth":53,"text":86312},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10523,"depth":53,"text":10524,"children":86314},[86315,86317,86318],{"id":85619,"depth":70,"text":86316},"Empty list without default",{"id":85709,"depth":70,"text":85710},{"id":85862,"depth":70,"text":85863},{"id":86009,"depth":53,"text":86320},"When to use min()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":86323},[86324,86326,86328,86329,86331],{"id":86199,"depth":70,"text":86325},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86207,"depth":70,"text":86327},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71424,"depth":70,"text":71425},{"id":86225,"depth":70,"text":86330},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86241,"depth":70,"text":86332},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84380,"description":86334},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86341,"title":86342,"body":86343,"description":88522,"extension":1730,"meta":88523,"navigation":107,"path":88524,"seo":88525,"stem":88526,"__hash__":88527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86344,"toc":88486},[86345,86348,86354,86360,86362,86443,86452,86456,86461,86463,86508,86510,86590,86596,86598,86601,86633,86635,86653,86655,86728,86730,86749,86753,86756,86792,86794,86861,86935,87008,87013,87017,87023,87026,87043,87046,87048,87109,87111,87131,87137,87141,87144,87214,87217,87236,87241,87317,87320,87324,87330,87334,87339,87409,87413,87418,87492,87496,87499,87574,87585,87589,87594,87684,87689,87757,87760,87779,87790,87794,87797,87802,87805,87867,87870,87881,87886,87889,87892,87897,87900,87903,87907,87910,87916,87919,87930,87932,87994,88009,88015,88018,88021,88032,88043,88049,88052,88054,88116,88126,88132,88137,88143,88147,88153,88156,88177,88179,88184,88211,88214,88241,88244,88283,88286,88324,88327,88388,88391,88393,88397,88400,88404,88410,88418,88426,88430,88433,88437,88443,88445,88483],[10,86346,86342],{"id":86347},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86349,86350,86353],{},[25,86351,86352],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86355,86356,86357,86359],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[25,86358,86352],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[172,86361,1771],{"id":1770},[18,86363,86365],{"className":20,"code":86364,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[25,86366,86367,86416,86432],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86368,86369,86372,86375,86377,86379,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394,86397,86399,86401,86404,86406,86408,86410,86414],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86370,86371],{"class":3644},"with",[28,86373,86374],{"class":114}," open",[28,86376,94],{"class":93},[28,86378,234],{"class":42},[28,86380,86381],{"class":46},"example.txt",[28,86383,234],{"class":42},[28,86385,2759],{"class":93},[28,86387,43],{"class":42},[28,86389,60286],{"class":46},[28,86391,234],{"class":42},[28,86393,2759],{"class":93},[28,86395,86396],{"class":8954}," encoding",[28,86398,39],{"class":38},[28,86400,234],{"class":42},[28,86402,86403],{"class":46},"utf-8",[28,86405,234],{"class":42},[28,86407,3428],{"class":93},[28,86409,47141],{"class":3644},[28,86411,86413],{"class":86412},"sMMDD"," file",[28,86415,6170],{"class":93},[28,86417,86418,86421,86423,86425,86427,86430],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86419,86420],{"class":34},"    content ",[28,86422,39],{"class":38},[28,86424,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86426,385],{"class":93},[28,86428,86429],{"class":120},"read",[28,86431,8420],{"class":93},[28,86433,86434,86436,86438,86441],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86435,7844],{"class":114},[28,86437,94],{"class":93},[28,86439,86440],{"class":120},"content",[28,86442,101],{"class":93},[14,86444,1631,86445,86447,86448,86451],{},[25,86446,86371],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[25,86449,86450],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[172,86453,86455],{"id":86454},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86457,86458,86460],{},[25,86459,86352],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86462,11239],{},[177,86464,86465,86468,86473,86478],{},[180,86466,86467],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[180,86469,40698,86470,86472],{},[163,86471,4402],{}," read or write anything by itself",[180,86474,17208,86475],{},[163,86476,86477],{},"file object",[180,86479,86480,86481],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[177,86482,86483,86488,86493,86498,86503],{},[180,86484,86485],{},[25,86486,86487],{},"read()",[180,86489,86490],{},[25,86491,86492],{},"readline()",[180,86494,86495],{},[25,86496,86497],{},"readlines()",[180,86499,86500],{},[25,86501,86502],{},"write()",[180,86504,86505],{},[25,86506,86507],{},"close()",[14,86509,924],{},[18,86511,86513],{"className":20,"code":86512,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[25,86514,86515,86554,86569,86579],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86516,86517,86520,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550,86552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86518,86519],{"class":86412},"file",[28,86521,13061],{"class":38},[28,86523,86374],{"class":114},[28,86525,94],{"class":93},[28,86527,234],{"class":42},[28,86529,86381],{"class":46},[28,86531,234],{"class":42},[28,86533,2759],{"class":93},[28,86535,43],{"class":42},[28,86537,60286],{"class":46},[28,86539,234],{"class":42},[28,86541,2759],{"class":93},[28,86543,86396],{"class":8954},[28,86545,39],{"class":38},[28,86547,234],{"class":42},[28,86549,86403],{"class":46},[28,86551,234],{"class":42},[28,86553,101],{"class":93},[28,86555,86556,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86557,86558],{"class":34},"content ",[28,86560,39],{"class":38},[28,86562,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86564,385],{"class":93},[28,86566,86429],{"class":120},[28,86568,8420],{"class":93},[28,86570,86571,86573,86575,86577],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86572,115],{"class":114},[28,86574,94],{"class":93},[28,86576,86440],{"class":120},[28,86578,101],{"class":93},[28,86580,86581,86583,86585,86588],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,86582,86519],{"class":86412},[28,86584,385],{"class":93},[28,86586,86587],{"class":120},"close",[28,86589,8420],{"class":93},[14,86591,86592,86593,86595],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[25,86594,86371],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[172,86597,1927],{"id":1926},[14,86599,86600],{},"A common form is:",[18,86602,86604],{"className":20,"code":86603,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[25,86605,86606],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86607,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86609,42217],{"class":114},[28,86611,94],{"class":93},[28,86613,86519],{"class":86412},[28,86615,2759],{"class":93},[28,86617,86618],{"class":120}," mode",[28,86620,2759],{"class":93},[28,86622,86396],{"class":8954},[28,86624,39],{"class":38},[28,86626,234],{"class":42},[28,86628,86403],{"class":46},[28,86630,234],{"class":42},[28,86632,101],{"class":93},[14,86634,64824],{},[177,86636,86637,86642,86647],{},[180,86638,86639,86641],{},[25,86640,86519],{}," is the file name or file path",[180,86643,86644,86646],{},[25,86645,20707],{}," controls how the file is opened",[180,86648,86649,86652],{},[25,86650,86651],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86654,924],{},[18,86656,86658],{"className":20,"code":86657,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[25,86659,86660,86703,86718],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86661,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699,86701],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86663,86371],{"class":3644},[28,86665,86374],{"class":114},[28,86667,94],{"class":93},[28,86669,234],{"class":42},[28,86671,86672],{"class":46},"notes.txt",[28,86674,234],{"class":42},[28,86676,2759],{"class":93},[28,86678,43],{"class":42},[28,86680,60286],{"class":46},[28,86682,234],{"class":42},[28,86684,2759],{"class":93},[28,86686,86396],{"class":8954},[28,86688,39],{"class":38},[28,86690,234],{"class":42},[28,86692,86403],{"class":46},[28,86694,234],{"class":42},[28,86696,3428],{"class":93},[28,86698,47141],{"class":3644},[28,86700,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86702,6170],{"class":93},[28,86704,86705,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86706,86707],{"class":34},"    text ",[28,86709,39],{"class":38},[28,86711,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86713,385],{"class":93},[28,86715,86429],{"class":120},[28,86717,8420],{"class":93},[28,86719,86720,86722,86724,86726],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86721,7844],{"class":114},[28,86723,94],{"class":93},[28,86725,157],{"class":120},[28,86727,101],{"class":93},[14,86729,19745],{},[177,86731,86732,86738,86743],{},[180,86733,86734,86737],{},[25,86735,86736],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[180,86739,86740,86742],{},[25,86741,86450],{}," means open for reading",[180,86744,86745,86748],{},[25,86746,86747],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[172,86750,86752],{"id":86751},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86754,86755],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[177,86757,86758,86763,86769,86774,86780,86786],{},[180,86759,86760,86762],{},[25,86761,86450],{}," = read a text file",[180,86764,86765,86768],{},[25,86766,86767],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[180,86770,86771,86773],{},[25,86772,17883],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[180,86775,86776,86779],{},[25,86777,86778],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[180,86781,86782,86785],{},[25,86783,86784],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[180,86787,86788,86791],{},[25,86789,86790],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86793,1894],{},[18,86795,86797],{"className":20,"code":86796,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[25,86798,86799,86804,86847],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86800,86801],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86802,86803],{"class":1006},"# Read a text file\n",[28,86805,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86817,86819,86821,86823,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86807,86371],{"class":3644},[28,86809,86374],{"class":114},[28,86811,94],{"class":93},[28,86813,234],{"class":42},[28,86815,86816],{"class":46},"data.txt",[28,86818,234],{"class":42},[28,86820,2759],{"class":93},[28,86822,43],{"class":42},[28,86824,60286],{"class":46},[28,86826,234],{"class":42},[28,86828,2759],{"class":93},[28,86830,86396],{"class":8954},[28,86832,39],{"class":38},[28,86834,234],{"class":42},[28,86836,86403],{"class":46},[28,86838,234],{"class":42},[28,86840,3428],{"class":93},[28,86842,47141],{"class":3644},[28,86844,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86846,6170],{"class":93},[28,86848,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86850,7844],{"class":114},[28,86852,94],{"class":93},[28,86854,86519],{"class":86412},[28,86856,385],{"class":93},[28,86858,86429],{"class":120},[28,86860,6970],{"class":93},[18,86862,86864],{"className":20,"code":86863,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[25,86865,86866,86871,86913],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86867,86868],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86869,86870],{"class":1006},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[28,86872,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86874,86371],{"class":3644},[28,86876,86374],{"class":114},[28,86878,94],{"class":93},[28,86880,234],{"class":42},[28,86882,86816],{"class":46},[28,86884,234],{"class":42},[28,86886,2759],{"class":93},[28,86888,43],{"class":42},[28,86890,60269],{"class":46},[28,86892,234],{"class":42},[28,86894,2759],{"class":93},[28,86896,86396],{"class":8954},[28,86898,39],{"class":38},[28,86900,234],{"class":42},[28,86902,86403],{"class":46},[28,86904,234],{"class":42},[28,86906,3428],{"class":93},[28,86908,47141],{"class":3644},[28,86910,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86912,6170],{"class":93},[28,86914,86915,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86931,86933],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86916,86917],{"class":86412},"    file",[28,86919,385],{"class":93},[28,86921,69974],{"class":120},[28,86923,94],{"class":93},[28,86925,234],{"class":42},[28,86927,64],{"class":46},[28,86929,86930],{"class":1044},"\\n",[28,86932,234],{"class":42},[28,86934,101],{"class":93},[18,86936,86938],{"className":20,"code":86937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[25,86939,86940,86945,86987],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,86941,86942],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,86943,86944],{"class":1006},"# Append to a text file\n",[28,86946,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,86948,86371],{"class":3644},[28,86950,86374],{"class":114},[28,86952,94],{"class":93},[28,86954,234],{"class":42},[28,86956,86816],{"class":46},[28,86958,234],{"class":42},[28,86960,2759],{"class":93},[28,86962,43],{"class":42},[28,86964,381],{"class":46},[28,86966,234],{"class":42},[28,86968,2759],{"class":93},[28,86970,86396],{"class":8954},[28,86972,39],{"class":38},[28,86974,234],{"class":42},[28,86976,86403],{"class":46},[28,86978,234],{"class":42},[28,86980,3428],{"class":93},[28,86982,47141],{"class":3644},[28,86984,86413],{"class":86412},[28,86986,6170],{"class":93},[28,86988,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87002,87004,87006],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,86990,86917],{"class":86412},[28,86992,385],{"class":93},[28,86994,69974],{"class":120},[28,86996,94],{"class":93},[28,86998,234],{"class":42},[28,87000,87001],{"class":46},"Another line",[28,87003,86930],{"class":1044},[28,87005,234],{"class":42},[28,87007,101],{"class":93},[14,87009,69126,87010,87012],{},[25,87011,86767],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[172,87014,87016],{"id":87015},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87018,87019,21762,87021,385],{},[25,87020,86352],{},[163,87022,86477],{},[14,87024,87025],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[177,87027,87028,87033,87038],{},[180,87029,87030],{},[25,87031,87032],{},"file.read()",[180,87034,87035],{},[25,87036,87037],{},"file.write()",[180,87039,87040],{},[25,87041,87042],{},"file.close()",[14,87044,87045],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87047,924],{},[18,87049,87051],{"className":20,"code":87050,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[25,87052,87053,87095],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87054,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87056,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87058,86374],{"class":114},[28,87060,94],{"class":93},[28,87062,234],{"class":42},[28,87064,86381],{"class":46},[28,87066,234],{"class":42},[28,87068,2759],{"class":93},[28,87070,43],{"class":42},[28,87072,60286],{"class":46},[28,87074,234],{"class":42},[28,87076,2759],{"class":93},[28,87078,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87080,39],{"class":38},[28,87082,234],{"class":42},[28,87084,86403],{"class":46},[28,87086,234],{"class":42},[28,87088,3428],{"class":93},[28,87090,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87092,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87094,6170],{"class":93},[28,87096,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87098,7844],{"class":114},[28,87100,94],{"class":93},[28,87102,311],{"class":89},[28,87104,94],{"class":93},[28,87106,86519],{"class":86412},[28,87108,318],{"class":93},[14,87110,29819],{},[18,87112,87114],{"className":20,"code":87113,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[25,87115,87116],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87117,87118,87120,87122,87124,87127,87129],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87119,346],{"class":38},[28,87121,350],{"class":349},[28,87123,61],{"class":42},[28,87125,87126],{"class":46},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[28,87128,358],{"class":42},[28,87130,361],{"class":38},[14,87132,87133,87134,87136],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[25,87135,86352],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[172,87138,87140],{"id":87139},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87142,87143],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[18,87145,87146],{"className":20,"code":86364,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,87147,87148,87190,87204],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87149,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87151,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87153,86374],{"class":114},[28,87155,94],{"class":93},[28,87157,234],{"class":42},[28,87159,86381],{"class":46},[28,87161,234],{"class":42},[28,87163,2759],{"class":93},[28,87165,43],{"class":42},[28,87167,60286],{"class":46},[28,87169,234],{"class":42},[28,87171,2759],{"class":93},[28,87173,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87175,39],{"class":38},[28,87177,234],{"class":42},[28,87179,86403],{"class":46},[28,87181,234],{"class":42},[28,87183,3428],{"class":93},[28,87185,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87187,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87189,6170],{"class":93},[28,87191,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87193,86420],{"class":34},[28,87195,39],{"class":38},[28,87197,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87199,385],{"class":93},[28,87201,86429],{"class":120},[28,87203,8420],{"class":93},[28,87205,87206,87208,87210,87212],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,87207,7844],{"class":114},[28,87209,94],{"class":93},[28,87211,86440],{"class":120},[28,87213,101],{"class":93},[14,87215,87216],{},"Why this is recommended:",[177,87218,87219,87224,87230,87233],{},[180,87220,87221,87223],{},[25,87222,86371],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[180,87225,87226,87227,87229],{},"It is safer than calling ",[25,87228,86507],{}," yourself",[180,87231,87232],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[180,87234,87235],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87237,83530,87238,87240],{},[25,87239,86371],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[18,87242,87243],{"className":20,"code":86512,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,87244,87245,87283,87297,87307],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87248,86519],{"class":86412},[28,87250,13061],{"class":38},[28,87252,86374],{"class":114},[28,87254,94],{"class":93},[28,87256,234],{"class":42},[28,87258,86381],{"class":46},[28,87260,234],{"class":42},[28,87262,2759],{"class":93},[28,87264,43],{"class":42},[28,87266,60286],{"class":46},[28,87268,234],{"class":42},[28,87270,2759],{"class":93},[28,87272,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87274,39],{"class":38},[28,87276,234],{"class":42},[28,87278,86403],{"class":46},[28,87280,234],{"class":42},[28,87282,101],{"class":93},[28,87284,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87286,86558],{"class":34},[28,87288,39],{"class":38},[28,87290,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87292,385],{"class":93},[28,87294,86429],{"class":120},[28,87296,8420],{"class":93},[28,87298,87299,87301,87303,87305],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,87300,115],{"class":114},[28,87302,94],{"class":93},[28,87304,86440],{"class":120},[28,87306,101],{"class":93},[28,87308,87309,87311,87313,87315],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,87310,86519],{"class":86412},[28,87312,385],{"class":93},[28,87314,86587],{"class":120},[28,87316,8420],{"class":93},[14,87318,87319],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[172,87321,87323],{"id":87322},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87325,87326,87327,87329],{},"Use mode ",[25,87328,86450],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1109,87331,87333],{"id":87332},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87335,87336,87338],{},[25,87337,86487],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[18,87340,87341],{"className":20,"code":86364,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,87342,87343,87385,87399],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87344,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87346,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87348,86374],{"class":114},[28,87350,94],{"class":93},[28,87352,234],{"class":42},[28,87354,86381],{"class":46},[28,87356,234],{"class":42},[28,87358,2759],{"class":93},[28,87360,43],{"class":42},[28,87362,60286],{"class":46},[28,87364,234],{"class":42},[28,87366,2759],{"class":93},[28,87368,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87370,39],{"class":38},[28,87372,234],{"class":42},[28,87374,86403],{"class":46},[28,87376,234],{"class":42},[28,87378,3428],{"class":93},[28,87380,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87382,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87384,6170],{"class":93},[28,87386,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87388,86420],{"class":34},[28,87390,39],{"class":38},[28,87392,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87394,385],{"class":93},[28,87396,86429],{"class":120},[28,87398,8420],{"class":93},[28,87400,87401,87403,87405,87407],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,87402,7844],{"class":114},[28,87404,94],{"class":93},[28,87406,86440],{"class":120},[28,87408,101],{"class":93},[1109,87410,87412],{"id":87411},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87414,87415,87417],{},[25,87416,86492],{}," reads one line at a time.",[18,87419,87421],{"className":20,"code":87420,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[25,87422,87423,87465,87481],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87424,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87426,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87428,86374],{"class":114},[28,87430,94],{"class":93},[28,87432,234],{"class":42},[28,87434,86381],{"class":46},[28,87436,234],{"class":42},[28,87438,2759],{"class":93},[28,87440,43],{"class":42},[28,87442,60286],{"class":46},[28,87444,234],{"class":42},[28,87446,2759],{"class":93},[28,87448,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87450,39],{"class":38},[28,87452,234],{"class":42},[28,87454,86403],{"class":46},[28,87456,234],{"class":42},[28,87458,3428],{"class":93},[28,87460,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87462,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87464,6170],{"class":93},[28,87466,87467,87470,87472,87474,87476,87479],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87468,87469],{"class":34},"    first_line ",[28,87471,39],{"class":38},[28,87473,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87475,385],{"class":93},[28,87477,87478],{"class":120},"readline",[28,87480,8420],{"class":93},[28,87482,87483,87485,87487,87490],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,87484,7844],{"class":114},[28,87486,94],{"class":93},[28,87488,87489],{"class":120},"first_line",[28,87491,101],{"class":93},[1109,87493,87495],{"id":87494},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87497,87498],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[18,87500,87502],{"className":20,"code":87501,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[25,87503,87504,87546,87560],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87505,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87507,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87509,86374],{"class":114},[28,87511,94],{"class":93},[28,87513,234],{"class":42},[28,87515,86381],{"class":46},[28,87517,234],{"class":42},[28,87519,2759],{"class":93},[28,87521,43],{"class":42},[28,87523,60286],{"class":46},[28,87525,234],{"class":42},[28,87527,2759],{"class":93},[28,87529,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87531,39],{"class":38},[28,87533,234],{"class":42},[28,87535,86403],{"class":46},[28,87537,234],{"class":42},[28,87539,3428],{"class":93},[28,87541,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87543,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87545,6170],{"class":93},[28,87547,87548,87551,87554,87556,87558],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87549,87550],{"class":3644},"    for",[28,87552,87553],{"class":34}," line ",[28,87555,3651],{"class":3644},[28,87557,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87559,6170],{"class":93},[28,87561,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,87563,47121],{"class":114},[28,87565,94],{"class":93},[28,87567,30],{"class":120},[28,87569,385],{"class":93},[28,87571,8411],{"class":120},[28,87573,6970],{"class":93},[14,87575,87576,87577,474,87581,385],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[381,87578,87580],{"href":87579},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[381,87582,87584],{"href":87583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[172,87586,87588],{"id":87587},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87590,1631,87591,87593],{},[25,87592,86767],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[18,87595,87597],{"className":20,"code":87596,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[25,87598,87599,87642,87663],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87600,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87602,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87604,86374],{"class":114},[28,87606,94],{"class":93},[28,87608,234],{"class":42},[28,87610,87611],{"class":46},"output.txt",[28,87613,234],{"class":42},[28,87615,2759],{"class":93},[28,87617,43],{"class":42},[28,87619,60269],{"class":46},[28,87621,234],{"class":42},[28,87623,2759],{"class":93},[28,87625,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87627,39],{"class":38},[28,87629,234],{"class":42},[28,87631,86403],{"class":46},[28,87633,234],{"class":42},[28,87635,3428],{"class":93},[28,87637,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87639,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87641,6170],{"class":93},[28,87643,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87657,87659,87661],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87645,86917],{"class":86412},[28,87647,385],{"class":93},[28,87649,69974],{"class":120},[28,87651,94],{"class":93},[28,87653,234],{"class":42},[28,87655,87656],{"class":46},"First line",[28,87658,86930],{"class":1044},[28,87660,234],{"class":42},[28,87662,101],{"class":93},[28,87664,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87678,87680,87682],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,87666,86917],{"class":86412},[28,87668,385],{"class":93},[28,87670,69974],{"class":120},[28,87672,94],{"class":93},[28,87674,234],{"class":42},[28,87676,87677],{"class":46},"Second line",[28,87679,86930],{"class":1044},[28,87681,234],{"class":42},[28,87683,101],{"class":93},[14,87685,1631,87686,87688],{},[25,87687,17883],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[18,87690,87692],{"className":20,"code":87691,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[25,87693,87694,87736],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87695,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87697,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87699,86374],{"class":114},[28,87701,94],{"class":93},[28,87703,234],{"class":42},[28,87705,87611],{"class":46},[28,87707,234],{"class":42},[28,87709,2759],{"class":93},[28,87711,43],{"class":42},[28,87713,381],{"class":46},[28,87715,234],{"class":42},[28,87717,2759],{"class":93},[28,87719,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87721,39],{"class":38},[28,87723,234],{"class":42},[28,87725,86403],{"class":46},[28,87727,234],{"class":42},[28,87729,3428],{"class":93},[28,87731,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87733,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87735,6170],{"class":93},[28,87737,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87751,87753,87755],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87739,86917],{"class":86412},[28,87741,385],{"class":93},[28,87743,69974],{"class":120},[28,87745,94],{"class":93},[28,87747,234],{"class":42},[28,87749,87750],{"class":46},"Third line",[28,87752,86930],{"class":1044},[28,87754,234],{"class":42},[28,87756,101],{"class":93},[14,87758,87759],{},"Important detail:",[177,87761,87762,87767,87774],{},[180,87763,87764,87766],{},[25,87765,86502],{}," writes a string",[180,87768,87769,13839,87771,87773],{},[25,87770,86502],{},[163,87772,4402],{}," add a newline for you",[180,87775,87776,87777,87229],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[25,87778,86930],{},[14,87780,87781,87782,474,87786,385],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[381,87783,87785],{"href":87784},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[381,87787,87789],{"href":87788},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[172,87791,87793],{"id":87792},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87795,87796],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1109,87798,87800],{"id":87799},"encodingutf-8",[25,87801,86747],{},[14,87803,87804],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[18,87806,87808],{"className":20,"code":87807,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[25,87809,87810,87853],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87811,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87813,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87815,86374],{"class":114},[28,87817,94],{"class":93},[28,87819,234],{"class":42},[28,87821,87822],{"class":46},"message.txt",[28,87824,234],{"class":42},[28,87826,2759],{"class":93},[28,87828,43],{"class":42},[28,87830,60286],{"class":46},[28,87832,234],{"class":42},[28,87834,2759],{"class":93},[28,87836,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87838,39],{"class":38},[28,87840,234],{"class":42},[28,87842,86403],{"class":46},[28,87844,234],{"class":42},[28,87846,3428],{"class":93},[28,87848,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87850,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87852,6170],{"class":93},[28,87854,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87856,7844],{"class":114},[28,87858,94],{"class":93},[28,87860,86519],{"class":86412},[28,87862,385],{"class":93},[28,87864,86429],{"class":120},[28,87866,6970],{"class":93},[14,87868,87869],{},"Why it matters:",[177,87871,87872,87875,87878],{},[180,87873,87874],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[180,87876,87877],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[180,87879,87880],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1109,87882,87884],{"id":87883},"newline",[25,87885,87883],{},[14,87887,87888],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87890,87891],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1109,87893,87895],{"id":87894},"buffering",[25,87896,87894],{},[14,87898,87899],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87901,87902],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[172,87904,87906],{"id":87905},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87908,87909],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1109,87911,87913],{"id":87912},"filenotfounderror",[25,87914,87915],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87917,87918],{},"This happens when:",[177,87920,87921,87924,87927],{},[180,87922,87923],{},"the file does not exist",[180,87925,87926],{},"the path is wrong",[180,87928,87929],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87931,924],{},[18,87933,87935],{"className":20,"code":87934,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[25,87936,87937,87980],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,87938,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,87940,86371],{"class":3644},[28,87942,86374],{"class":114},[28,87944,94],{"class":93},[28,87946,234],{"class":42},[28,87948,87949],{"class":46},"missing.txt",[28,87951,234],{"class":42},[28,87953,2759],{"class":93},[28,87955,43],{"class":42},[28,87957,60286],{"class":46},[28,87959,234],{"class":42},[28,87961,2759],{"class":93},[28,87963,86396],{"class":8954},[28,87965,39],{"class":38},[28,87967,234],{"class":42},[28,87969,86403],{"class":46},[28,87971,234],{"class":42},[28,87973,3428],{"class":93},[28,87975,47141],{"class":3644},[28,87977,86413],{"class":86412},[28,87979,6170],{"class":93},[28,87981,87982,87984,87986,87988,87990,87992],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,87983,7844],{"class":114},[28,87985,94],{"class":93},[28,87987,86519],{"class":86412},[28,87989,385],{"class":93},[28,87991,86429],{"class":120},[28,87993,6970],{"class":93},[14,87995,87996,87997,1323,88005,385],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[381,87998,88000,88001,88004],{"href":87999},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[28,88002,88003],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[381,88006,88008],{"href":88007},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1109,88010,88012],{"id":88011},"permissionerror",[25,88013,88014],{},"PermissionError",[14,88016,88017],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88019,88020],{},"Example causes:",[177,88022,88023,88026,88029],{},[180,88024,88025],{},"the file is protected",[180,88027,88028],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[180,88030,88031],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88033,88034,88035],{},"Related page: ",[381,88036,88038,88039,88042],{"href":88037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[28,88040,88041],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1109,88044,88046],{"id":88045},"isadirectoryerror",[25,88047,88048],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88050,88051],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88053,924],{},[18,88055,88057],{"className":20,"code":88056,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[25,88058,88059,88102],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88060,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88072,88074,88076,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88062,86371],{"class":3644},[28,88064,86374],{"class":114},[28,88066,94],{"class":93},[28,88068,234],{"class":42},[28,88070,88071],{"class":46},"my_folder",[28,88073,234],{"class":42},[28,88075,2759],{"class":93},[28,88077,43],{"class":42},[28,88079,60286],{"class":46},[28,88081,234],{"class":42},[28,88083,2759],{"class":93},[28,88085,86396],{"class":8954},[28,88087,39],{"class":38},[28,88089,234],{"class":42},[28,88091,86403],{"class":46},[28,88093,234],{"class":42},[28,88095,3428],{"class":93},[28,88097,47141],{"class":3644},[28,88099,86413],{"class":86412},[28,88101,6170],{"class":93},[28,88103,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88105,7844],{"class":114},[28,88107,94],{"class":93},[28,88109,86519],{"class":86412},[28,88111,385],{"class":93},[28,88113,86429],{"class":120},[28,88115,6970],{"class":93},[14,88117,88034,88118],{},[381,88119,88121,88122,88125],{"href":88120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[28,88123,88124],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1109,88127,88129],{"id":88128},"unicodedecodeerror",[25,88130,88131],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88133,88134,88135,385],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[25,88136,86352],{},[14,88138,88034,88139],{},[381,88140,88142],{"href":88141},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[172,88144,88146],{"id":88145},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88148,88149,88150,88152],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[25,88151,86352],{}," function.",[14,88154,88155],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[177,88157,88158,88161,88164,88170],{},[180,88159,88160],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[180,88162,88163],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[180,88165,88166,88167,88169],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[25,88168,86352],{}," itself",[180,88171,88172,88173],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[381,88174,88176],{"href":88175},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[172,88178,1104],{"id":1103},[14,88180,88181,88182,271],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[25,88183,86352],{},[177,88185,88186,88191,88197,88202,88205,88208],{},[180,88187,8194,88188,88190],{},[25,88189,86450],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[180,88192,88193,88194,88196],{},"Forgetting to use ",[25,88195,86651],{}," for text files",[180,88198,8194,88199,88201],{},[25,88200,86767],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[180,88203,88204],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[180,88206,88207],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[180,88209,88210],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88212,88213],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[18,88215,88217],{"className":20,"code":88216,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[25,88218,88219,88226],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88220,88221,88223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88222,34880],{"class":3644},[28,88224,88225],{"class":34}," os\n",[28,88227,88228,88230,88232,88234,88236,88239],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88229,115],{"class":114},[28,88231,94],{"class":93},[28,88233,42416],{"class":120},[28,88235,385],{"class":93},[28,88237,88238],{"class":120},"getcwd",[28,88240,6970],{"class":93},[14,88242,88243],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[18,88245,88247],{"className":20,"code":88246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[25,88248,88249,88255],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88250,88251,88253],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88252,34880],{"class":3644},[28,88254,88225],{"class":34},[28,88256,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88268,88270,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88258,115],{"class":114},[28,88260,94],{"class":93},[28,88262,42416],{"class":120},[28,88264,385],{"class":93},[28,88266,88267],{"class":24538},"path",[28,88269,385],{"class":93},[28,88271,88272],{"class":120},"exists",[28,88274,94],{"class":93},[28,88276,234],{"class":42},[28,88278,86381],{"class":46},[28,88280,234],{"class":42},[28,88282,318],{"class":93},[14,88284,88285],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[18,88287,88289],{"className":20,"code":88288,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[25,88290,88291,88297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88292,88293,88295],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88294,34880],{"class":3644},[28,88296,88225],{"class":34},[28,88298,88299,88301,88303,88305,88307,88309,88311,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88300,115],{"class":114},[28,88302,94],{"class":93},[28,88304,42416],{"class":120},[28,88306,385],{"class":93},[28,88308,88267],{"class":24538},[28,88310,385],{"class":93},[28,88312,88313],{"class":120},"isfile",[28,88315,94],{"class":93},[28,88317,234],{"class":42},[28,88319,86381],{"class":46},[28,88321,234],{"class":42},[28,88323,318],{"class":93},[14,88325,88326],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[18,88328,88330],{"className":20,"code":88329,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[25,88331,88332,88374],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88333,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88335,86371],{"class":3644},[28,88337,86374],{"class":114},[28,88339,94],{"class":93},[28,88341,234],{"class":42},[28,88343,86381],{"class":46},[28,88345,234],{"class":42},[28,88347,2759],{"class":93},[28,88349,43],{"class":42},[28,88351,60286],{"class":46},[28,88353,234],{"class":42},[28,88355,2759],{"class":93},[28,88357,86396],{"class":8954},[28,88359,39],{"class":38},[28,88361,234],{"class":42},[28,88363,86403],{"class":46},[28,88365,234],{"class":42},[28,88367,3428],{"class":93},[28,88369,47141],{"class":3644},[28,88371,86413],{"class":86412},[28,88373,6170],{"class":93},[28,88375,88376,88378,88380,88382,88384,88386],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88377,7844],{"class":114},[28,88379,94],{"class":93},[28,88381,86519],{"class":86412},[28,88383,385],{"class":93},[28,88385,86429],{"class":120},[28,88387,6970],{"class":93},[14,88389,88390],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[172,88392,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,88394,88396],{"id":88395},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88398,88399],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1109,88401,88403],{"id":88402},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88405,88406,88407,88409],{},"Use it inside a ",[25,88408,86371],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1109,88411,4953,88413,1323,88415,88417],{"id":88412},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[25,88414,86767],{},[25,88416,17883],{}," mode?",[14,88419,88420,88422,88423,88425],{},[25,88421,86767],{}," overwrites the file. ",[25,88424,17883],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1109,88427,88429],{"id":88428},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88431,88432],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1109,88434,88436],{"id":88435},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88438,88439,88440,88442],{},"It is a good habit. ",[25,88441,86747],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[172,88444,1662],{"id":1661},[177,88446,88447,88451,88455,88459,88463,88467,88471,88477],{},[180,88448,88449],{},[381,88450,87580],{"href":87579},[180,88452,88453],{},[381,88454,87785],{"href":87784},[180,88456,88457],{},[381,88458,87789],{"href":87788},[180,88460,88461],{},[381,88462,87584],{"href":87583},[180,88464,88465],{},[381,88466,88176],{"href":88175},[180,88468,88469],{},[381,88470,88008],{"href":88007},[180,88472,88473],{},[381,88474,88000,88475,88004],{"href":87999},[28,88476,88003],{},[180,88478,88479],{},[381,88480,88038,88481,88042],{"href":88037},[28,88482,88041],{},[1699,88484,88485],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":88487},[88488,88489,88490,88491,88492,88493,88494,88499,88500,88505,88511,88512,88513,88521],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":86454,"depth":53,"text":86455},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":86751,"depth":53,"text":86752},{"id":87015,"depth":53,"text":87016},{"id":87139,"depth":53,"text":87140},{"id":87322,"depth":53,"text":87323,"children":88495},[88496,88497,88498],{"id":87332,"depth":70,"text":87333},{"id":87411,"depth":70,"text":87412},{"id":87494,"depth":70,"text":87495},{"id":87587,"depth":53,"text":87588},{"id":87792,"depth":53,"text":87793,"children":88501},[88502,88503,88504],{"id":87799,"depth":70,"text":86747},{"id":87883,"depth":70,"text":87883},{"id":87894,"depth":70,"text":87894},{"id":87905,"depth":53,"text":87906,"children":88506},[88507,88508,88509,88510],{"id":87912,"depth":70,"text":87915},{"id":88011,"depth":70,"text":88014},{"id":88045,"depth":70,"text":88048},{"id":88128,"depth":70,"text":88131},{"id":88145,"depth":53,"text":88146},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":88514},[88515,88516,88517,88519,88520],{"id":88395,"depth":70,"text":88396},{"id":88402,"depth":70,"text":88403},{"id":88412,"depth":70,"text":88518},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88428,"depth":70,"text":88429},{"id":88435,"depth":70,"text":88436},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86342,"description":88522},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88529,"title":88530,"body":88531,"description":90517,"extension":1730,"meta":90518,"navigation":107,"path":90519,"seo":90520,"stem":90521,"__hash__":90522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88532,"toc":90464},[88533,88538,88543,88549,88551,88619,88621,88640,88645,88650,88655,88658,88670,88672,88715,88717,88734,88745,88747,88749,88774,88776,88787,88789,88849,88851,88877,88880,88884,88889,88893,88896,88929,88933,88936,88961,88965,88988,88992,89025,89030,89034,89039,89042,89110,89112,89136,89141,89144,89175,89177,89208,89225,89229,89234,89258,89265,89270,89275,89278,89282,89317,89319,89328,89332,89423,89425,89456,89461,89468,89473,89482,89485,89519,89521,89535,89539,89580,89582,89591,89595,89643,89645,89659,89664,89675,89682,89688,89690,89725,89727,89741,89744,89766,89772,89799,89810,89816,89822,89836,89838,89917,89919,89969,89976,89978,89983,89985,89988,90003,90008,90010,90029,90035,90038,90053,90055,90073,90079,90084,90114,90117,90140,90143,90170,90175,90181,90189,90212,90217,90225,90227,90247,90251,90257,90307,90310,90332,90334,90340,90348,90354,90360,90368,90373,90377,90380,90403,90408,90415,90427,90429,90461],[10,88534,858,88536,3344],{"id":88535},"python-print-function-explained",[25,88537,46237],{},[14,88539,32108,88540,88542],{},[25,88541,46237],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88544,88545,88546,88548],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[25,88547,46237],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[172,88550,1771],{"id":1770},[18,88552,88554],{"className":20,"code":88553,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[25,88555,88556,88568,88577,88581,88591,88601],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88557,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88559,35],{"class":34},[28,88561,39],{"class":38},[28,88563,43],{"class":42},[28,88565,7696],{"class":46},[28,88567,50],{"class":42},[28,88569,88570,88572,88574],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88571,807],{"class":34},[28,88573,39],{"class":38},[28,88575,88576],{"class":97}," 12\n",[28,88578,88579],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,88580,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,88582,88583,88585,88587,88589],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,88584,115],{"class":114},[28,88586,94],{"class":93},[28,88588,121],{"class":120},[28,88590,101],{"class":93},[28,88592,88593,88595,88597,88599],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,88594,115],{"class":114},[28,88596,94],{"class":93},[28,88598,835],{"class":120},[28,88600,101],{"class":93},[28,88602,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,88604,115],{"class":114},[28,88606,94],{"class":93},[28,88608,234],{"class":42},[28,88610,64],{"class":46},[28,88612,234],{"class":42},[28,88614,2759],{"class":93},[28,88616,35781],{"class":120},[28,88618,101],{"class":93},[14,88620,336],{},[18,88622,88624],{"className":20,"code":88623,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[25,88625,88626,88631,88635],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88627,88628],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88629,88630],{"class":34},"Mia\n",[28,88632,88633],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88634,1994],{"class":97},[28,88636,88637],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,88638,88639],{"class":34},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88641,1631,88642,88644],{},[25,88643,46237],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[172,88646,3445,88648,3448],{"id":88647},"what-print-does",[25,88649,46237],{},[14,88651,88652,88654],{},[25,88653,46237],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88656,88657],{},"You can use it to display:",[177,88659,88660,88662,88664,88667],{},[180,88661,157],{},[180,88663,3415],{},[180,88665,88666],{},"variables",[180,88668,88669],{},"expressions",[14,88671,924],{},[18,88673,88675],{"className":20,"code":88674,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[25,88676,88677,88691,88701],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88678,88679,88681,88683,88685,88687,88689],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88680,115],{"class":114},[28,88682,94],{"class":93},[28,88684,234],{"class":42},[28,88686,64],{"class":46},[28,88688,234],{"class":42},[28,88690,101],{"class":93},[28,88692,88693,88695,88697,88699],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88694,115],{"class":114},[28,88696,94],{"class":93},[28,88698,1905],{"class":97},[28,88700,101],{"class":93},[28,88702,88703,88705,88707,88709,88711,88713],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,88704,115],{"class":114},[28,88706,94],{"class":93},[28,88708,1825],{"class":97},[28,88710,828],{"class":38},[28,88712,2221],{"class":97},[28,88714,101],{"class":93},[14,88716,336],{},[18,88718,88720],{"className":20,"code":88719,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[25,88721,88722,88726,88730],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88723,88724],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88725,592],{"class":34},[28,88727,88728],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88729,2714],{"class":97},[28,88731,88732],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,88733,2714],{"class":97},[14,88735,88736,88737,88739,88740,88744],{},"A very important detail is that ",[25,88738,46237],{}," ",[163,88741,3460,88742],{},[25,88743,3546],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[172,88746,1927],{"id":1926},[14,88748,30515],{},[18,88750,88752],{"className":20,"code":88751,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[25,88753,88754],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88755,88756,88758,88760,88763,88765,88768,88770,88772],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88757,115],{"class":114},[28,88759,94],{"class":93},[28,88761,88762],{"class":120},"object1",[28,88764,2759],{"class":93},[28,88766,88767],{"class":120}," object2",[28,88769,2759],{"class":93},[28,88771,34245],{"class":114},[28,88773,101],{"class":93},[14,88775,79982],{},[177,88777,88778,88781,88784],{},[180,88779,88780],{},"one value",[180,88782,88783],{},"many values",[180,88785,88786],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88788,924],{},[18,88790,88792],{"className":20,"code":88791,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[25,88793,88794,88808,88827],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88795,88796,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88797,115],{"class":114},[28,88799,94],{"class":93},[28,88801,234],{"class":42},[28,88803,57548],{"class":46},[28,88805,234],{"class":42},[28,88807,101],{"class":93},[28,88809,88810,88812,88814,88816,88819,88821,88823,88825],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88811,115],{"class":114},[28,88813,94],{"class":93},[28,88815,234],{"class":42},[28,88817,88818],{"class":46},"Score:",[28,88820,234],{"class":42},[28,88822,2759],{"class":93},[28,88824,5781],{"class":97},[28,88826,101],{"class":93},[28,88828,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,88830,115],{"class":114},[28,88832,94],{"class":93},[28,88834,234],{"class":42},[28,88836,45351],{"class":46},[28,88838,234],{"class":42},[28,88840,2759],{"class":93},[28,88842,2226],{"class":97},[28,88844,828],{"class":38},[28,88846,37435],{"class":97},[28,88848,101],{"class":93},[14,88850,336],{},[18,88852,88854],{"className":20,"code":88853,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[25,88855,88856,88860,88869],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88857,88858],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88859,85133],{"class":34},[28,88861,88862,88865,88867],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88863,88864],{"class":34},"Score",[28,88866,271],{"class":93},[28,88868,1470],{"class":97},[28,88870,88871,88873,88875],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,88872,45391],{"class":34},[28,88874,271],{"class":93},[28,88876,1470],{"class":97},[14,88878,88879],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[172,88881,88883],{"id":88882},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88885,88886,88887,385],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[25,88888,46237],{},[1109,88890,88892],{"id":88891},"print-text","Print text",[14,88894,88895],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[18,88897,88899],{"className":20,"code":88898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[25,88900,88901,88915],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88902,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911,88913],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88904,115],{"class":114},[28,88906,94],{"class":93},[28,88908,234],{"class":42},[28,88910,64],{"class":46},[28,88912,234],{"class":42},[28,88914,101],{"class":93},[28,88916,88917,88919,88921,88923,88925,88927],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88918,115],{"class":114},[28,88920,94],{"class":93},[28,88922,234],{"class":42},[28,88924,255],{"class":46},[28,88926,234],{"class":42},[28,88928,101],{"class":93},[1109,88930,88932],{"id":88931},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88934,88935],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[18,88937,88939],{"className":20,"code":88938,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[25,88940,88941,88951],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88942,88943,88945,88947,88949],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88944,115],{"class":114},[28,88946,94],{"class":93},[28,88948,1905],{"class":97},[28,88950,101],{"class":93},[28,88952,88953,88955,88957,88959],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88954,115],{"class":114},[28,88956,94],{"class":93},[28,88958,792],{"class":97},[28,88960,101],{"class":93},[1109,88962,88964],{"id":88963},"print-variables","Print variables",[18,88966,88968],{"className":20,"code":88967,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[25,88969,88970,88978],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88971,88972,88974,88976],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,88973,4868],{"class":34},[28,88975,39],{"class":38},[28,88977,13916],{"class":97},[28,88979,88980,88982,88984,88986],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,88981,115],{"class":114},[28,88983,94],{"class":93},[28,88985,85297],{"class":120},[28,88987,101],{"class":93},[1109,88989,88991],{"id":88990},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[18,88993,88995],{"className":20,"code":88994,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[25,88996,88997,89011],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,88998,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89000,115],{"class":114},[28,89002,94],{"class":93},[28,89004,1825],{"class":97},[28,89006,828],{"class":38},[28,89008,2221],{"class":97},[28,89010,101],{"class":93},[28,89012,89013,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89014,115],{"class":114},[28,89016,94],{"class":93},[28,89018,2099],{"class":97},[28,89020,82610],{"class":38},[28,89022,2226],{"class":97},[28,89024,101],{"class":93},[14,89026,89027,89028,385],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[381,89029,50755],{"href":383},[172,89031,89033],{"id":89032},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89035,89036,89038],{},[25,89037,46237],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89040,89041],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[18,89043,89045],{"className":20,"code":89044,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[25,89046,89047,89060,89068,89072,89091],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89048,89049,89051,89053,89055,89058],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89050,35],{"class":34},[28,89052,39],{"class":38},[28,89054,43],{"class":42},[28,89056,89057],{"class":46},"Ava",[28,89059,50],{"class":42},[28,89061,89062,89064,89066],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89063,807],{"class":34},[28,89065,39],{"class":38},[28,89067,1470],{"class":97},[28,89069,89070],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,89071,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,89073,89074,89076,89078,89080,89083,89085,89087,89089],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,89075,115],{"class":114},[28,89077,94],{"class":93},[28,89079,234],{"class":42},[28,89081,89082],{"class":46},"Name:",[28,89084,234],{"class":42},[28,89086,2759],{"class":93},[28,89088,35781],{"class":120},[28,89090,101],{"class":93},[28,89092,89093,89095,89097,89099,89102,89104,89106,89108],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,89094,115],{"class":114},[28,89096,94],{"class":93},[28,89098,234],{"class":42},[28,89100,89101],{"class":46},"Age:",[28,89103,234],{"class":42},[28,89105,2759],{"class":93},[28,89107,8967],{"class":120},[28,89109,101],{"class":93},[14,89111,336],{},[18,89113,89115],{"className":20,"code":89114,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[25,89116,89117,89127],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89118,89119,89122,89124],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89120,89121],{"class":34},"Name",[28,89123,271],{"class":93},[28,89125,89126],{"class":34}," Ava\n",[28,89128,89129,89132,89134],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89130,89131],{"class":34},"Age",[28,89133,271],{"class":93},[28,89135,1470],{"class":97},[14,89137,89138,89139,385],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[25,89140,1828],{},[14,89142,89143],{},"For example, this works:",[18,89145,89147],{"className":20,"code":89146,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[25,89148,89149,89157],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89150,89151,89153,89155],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89152,807],{"class":34},[28,89154,39],{"class":38},[28,89156,1470],{"class":97},[28,89158,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89160,115],{"class":114},[28,89162,94],{"class":93},[28,89164,234],{"class":42},[28,89166,89101],{"class":46},[28,89168,234],{"class":42},[28,89170,2759],{"class":93},[28,89172,8967],{"class":120},[28,89174,101],{"class":93},[14,89176,36717],{},[18,89178,89180],{"className":20,"code":89179,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[25,89181,89182,89190],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89183,89184,89186,89188],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89185,807],{"class":34},[28,89187,39],{"class":38},[28,89189,1470],{"class":97},[28,89191,89192,89194,89196,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89193,115],{"class":114},[28,89195,94],{"class":93},[28,89197,234],{"class":42},[28,89199,823],{"class":46},[28,89201,234],{"class":42},[28,89203,828],{"class":38},[28,89205,8967],{"class":120},[28,89207,101],{"class":93},[14,89209,89210,89211,89214,89215,89217,89218,89220,89221,385],{},"That fails because ",[25,89212,89213],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[25,89216,835],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[25,89219,1828],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[381,89222,89223],{"href":857},[25,89224,169],{},[172,89226,89228],{"id":89227},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89230,89231,89233],{},[25,89232,46237],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[177,89235,89236,89242,89247,89252],{},[180,89237,89238,89241],{},[25,89239,89240],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[180,89243,89244,89246],{},[25,89245,52440],{}," controls what is added after the output",[180,89248,89249,89251],{},[25,89250,86519],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[180,89253,89254,89257],{},[25,89255,89256],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89259,89260,89261,1323,89263,385],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[25,89262,89240],{},[25,89264,52440],{},[172,89266,89268,36406],{"id":89267},"sep-argument",[25,89269,89240],{},[14,89271,679,89272,89274],{},[25,89273,89240],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89276,89277],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1109,89279,89281],{"id":89280},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[18,89283,89285],{"className":20,"code":89284,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[25,89286,89287],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89288,89289,89291,89293,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307,89309,89311,89313,89315],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89290,115],{"class":114},[28,89292,94],{"class":93},[28,89294,234],{"class":42},[28,89296,12877],{"class":46},[28,89298,234],{"class":42},[28,89300,2759],{"class":93},[28,89302,43],{"class":42},[28,89304,17242],{"class":46},[28,89306,234],{"class":42},[28,89308,2759],{"class":93},[28,89310,43],{"class":42},[28,89312,12894],{"class":46},[28,89314,234],{"class":42},[28,89316,101],{"class":93},[14,89318,336],{},[18,89320,89322],{"className":20,"code":89321,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"red green blue\n",[25,89323,89324],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89325,89326],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89327,89321],{"class":34},[1109,89329,89331],{"id":89330},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[18,89333,89335],{"className":20,"code":89334,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[25,89336,89337,89380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89338,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89370,89372,89374,89376,89378],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89340,115],{"class":114},[28,89342,94],{"class":93},[28,89344,234],{"class":42},[28,89346,12877],{"class":46},[28,89348,234],{"class":42},[28,89350,2759],{"class":93},[28,89352,43],{"class":42},[28,89354,17242],{"class":46},[28,89356,234],{"class":42},[28,89358,2759],{"class":93},[28,89360,43],{"class":42},[28,89362,12894],{"class":46},[28,89364,234],{"class":42},[28,89366,2759],{"class":93},[28,89368,89369],{"class":8954}," sep",[28,89371,39],{"class":38},[28,89373,234],{"class":42},[28,89375,2759],{"class":46},[28,89377,234],{"class":42},[28,89379,101],{"class":93},[28,89381,89382,89384,89386,89388,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412,89414,89416,89419,89421],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89383,115],{"class":114},[28,89385,94],{"class":93},[28,89387,234],{"class":42},[28,89389,12877],{"class":46},[28,89391,234],{"class":42},[28,89393,2759],{"class":93},[28,89395,43],{"class":42},[28,89397,17242],{"class":46},[28,89399,234],{"class":42},[28,89401,2759],{"class":93},[28,89403,43],{"class":42},[28,89405,12894],{"class":46},[28,89407,234],{"class":42},[28,89409,2759],{"class":93},[28,89411,89369],{"class":8954},[28,89413,39],{"class":38},[28,89415,234],{"class":42},[28,89417,89418],{"class":46}," - ",[28,89420,234],{"class":42},[28,89422,101],{"class":93},[14,89424,336],{},[18,89426,89428],{"className":20,"code":89427,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[25,89429,89430,89442],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89431,89432,89434,89436,89438,89440],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89433,12877],{"class":34},[28,89435,2759],{"class":93},[28,89437,17242],{"class":34},[28,89439,2759],{"class":93},[28,89441,69760],{"class":34},[28,89443,89444,89447,89449,89452,89454],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89445,89446],{"class":34},"red ",[28,89448,1790],{"class":38},[28,89450,89451],{"class":34}," green ",[28,89453,1790],{"class":38},[28,89455,35670],{"class":34},[14,89457,89458,89460],{},[25,89459,89240],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89462,89463,89464,385],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[381,89465,89467],{"href":89466},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[172,89469,89471,36406],{"id":89470},"end-argument",[25,89472,52440],{},[14,89474,89475,89476,89478,89479,89481],{},"By default, ",[25,89477,46237],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[25,89480,46237],{}," starts on a new line.",[1109,89483,89281],{"id":89484},"default-behavior-1",[18,89486,89488],{"className":20,"code":89487,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[25,89489,89490,89504],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89491,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89493,115],{"class":114},[28,89495,94],{"class":93},[28,89497,234],{"class":42},[28,89499,64],{"class":46},[28,89501,234],{"class":42},[28,89503,101],{"class":93},[28,89505,89506,89508,89510,89512,89515,89517],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89507,115],{"class":114},[28,89509,94],{"class":93},[28,89511,234],{"class":42},[28,89513,89514],{"class":46},"World",[28,89516,234],{"class":42},[28,89518,101],{"class":93},[14,89520,336],{},[18,89522,89524],{"className":20,"code":89523,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello\nWorld\n",[25,89525,89526,89530],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89527,89528],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89529,592],{"class":34},[28,89531,89532],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89533,89534],{"class":34},"World\n",[1109,89536,89538],{"id":89537},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[18,89540,89542],{"className":20,"code":89541,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[25,89543,89544,89566],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89545,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89547,115],{"class":114},[28,89549,94],{"class":93},[28,89551,234],{"class":42},[28,89553,64],{"class":46},[28,89555,234],{"class":42},[28,89557,2759],{"class":93},[28,89559,64819],{"class":8954},[28,89561,39],{"class":38},[28,89563,473],{"class":42},[28,89565,101],{"class":93},[28,89567,89568,89570,89572,89574,89576,89578],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89569,115],{"class":114},[28,89571,94],{"class":93},[28,89573,234],{"class":42},[28,89575,89514],{"class":46},[28,89577,234],{"class":42},[28,89579,101],{"class":93},[14,89581,336],{},[18,89583,89585],{"className":20,"code":89584,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"HelloWorld\n",[25,89586,89587],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89588,89589],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89590,89584],{"class":34},[1109,89592,89594],{"id":89593},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[18,89596,89598],{"className":20,"code":89597,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[25,89599,89600,89629],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89601,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89623,89625,89627],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89603,115],{"class":114},[28,89605,94],{"class":93},[28,89607,234],{"class":42},[28,89609,64],{"class":46},[28,89611,234],{"class":42},[28,89613,2759],{"class":93},[28,89615,64819],{"class":8954},[28,89617,39],{"class":38},[28,89619,234],{"class":42},[28,89621,89622],{"class":46},"!",[28,89624,86930],{"class":1044},[28,89626,234],{"class":42},[28,89628,101],{"class":93},[28,89630,89631,89633,89635,89637,89639,89641],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89632,115],{"class":114},[28,89634,94],{"class":93},[28,89636,234],{"class":42},[28,89638,89514],{"class":46},[28,89640,234],{"class":42},[28,89642,101],{"class":93},[14,89644,336],{},[18,89646,89648],{"className":20,"code":89647,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[25,89649,89650,89655],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89651,89652],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89653,89654],{"class":34},"Hello!\n",[28,89656,89657],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89658,89534],{"class":34},[14,89660,679,89661,89663],{},[25,89662,52440],{}," argument is useful for:",[177,89665,89666,89669,89672],{},[180,89667,89668],{},"progress messages",[180,89670,89671],{},"inline output",[180,89673,89674],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[172,89676,89678,2166,89680],{"id":89677},"print-returns-none",[25,89679,46237],{},[25,89681,3546],{},[14,89683,89684,89685,89687],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[25,89686,46237],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89689,924],{},[18,89691,89693],{"className":20,"code":89692,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[25,89694,89695,89715],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89696,89697,89699,89701,89704,89706,89708,89711,89713],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89698,1999],{"class":34},[28,89700,39],{"class":38},[28,89702,89703],{"class":114}," print",[28,89705,94],{"class":93},[28,89707,234],{"class":42},[28,89709,89710],{"class":46},"Hi",[28,89712,234],{"class":42},[28,89714,101],{"class":93},[28,89716,89717,89719,89721,89723],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89718,115],{"class":114},[28,89720,94],{"class":93},[28,89722,2033],{"class":120},[28,89724,101],{"class":93},[14,89726,336],{},[18,89728,89730],{"className":20,"code":89729,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hi\nNone\n",[25,89731,89732,89737],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89733,89734],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89735,89736],{"class":34},"Hi\n",[28,89738,89739],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89740,11590],{"class":776},[14,89742,89743],{},"Why does this happen?",[177,89745,89746,89754,89759],{},[180,89747,89748,89751,89752],{},[25,89749,89750],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[25,89753,89710],{},[180,89755,89756,89757],{},"but the function itself returns ",[25,89758,3546],{},[180,89760,89761,89762,11702,89764],{},"so ",[25,89763,2033],{},[25,89765,3546],{},[14,89767,89768,89769,89771],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[25,89770,46237],{}," call.",[18,89773,89775],{"className":20,"code":89774,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[25,89776,89777,89789],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89778,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89780,56],{"class":34},[28,89782,39],{"class":38},[28,89784,43],{"class":42},[28,89786,89710],{"class":46},[28,89788,50],{"class":42},[28,89790,89791,89793,89795,89797],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89792,115],{"class":114},[28,89794,94],{"class":93},[28,89796,133],{"class":120},[28,89798,101],{"class":93},[14,89800,89801,89802,89804,89805,89809],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[25,89803,46237],{}," with functions like ",[381,89806,89807],{"href":7995},[25,89808,2725],{},", which do return a value.",[172,89811,89813,89814],{"id":89812},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[25,89815,46237],{},[14,89817,89818,89819,89821],{},"Beginners use ",[25,89820,46237],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[177,89823,89824,89827,89830,89833],{},[180,89825,89826],{},"to display results to the user",[180,89828,89829],{},"to show messages in a script",[180,89831,89832],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[180,89834,89835],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89837,924],{},[18,89839,89841],{"className":20,"code":89840,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[25,89842,89843,89851,89855,89875,89886],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89844,89845,89847,89849],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89846,40975],{"class":34},[28,89848,39],{"class":38},[28,89850,38305],{"class":97},[28,89852,89853],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89854,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,89856,89857,89859,89861,89863,89865,89867,89869,89871,89873],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,89858,5734],{"class":3644},[28,89860,6163],{"class":34},[28,89862,3651],{"class":3644},[28,89864,53850],{"class":114},[28,89866,94],{"class":93},[28,89868,2756],{"class":97},[28,89870,2759],{"class":93},[28,89872,2226],{"class":97},[28,89874,8118],{"class":93},[28,89876,89877,89880,89883],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,89878,89879],{"class":34},"    total ",[28,89881,89882],{"class":38},"+=",[28,89884,89885],{"class":34}," number\n",[28,89887,89888,89890,89892,89894,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,89889,7844],{"class":114},[28,89891,94],{"class":93},[28,89893,234],{"class":42},[28,89895,89896],{"class":46},"Current number:",[28,89898,234],{"class":42},[28,89900,2759],{"class":93},[28,89902,1967],{"class":120},[28,89904,2759],{"class":93},[28,89906,43],{"class":42},[28,89908,45351],{"class":46},[28,89910,234],{"class":42},[28,89912,2759],{"class":93},[28,89914,45358],{"class":120},[28,89916,101],{"class":93},[14,89918,336],{},[18,89920,89922],{"className":20,"code":89921,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[25,89923,89924,89940,89954],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89925,89926,89929,89931,89933,89936,89938],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89927,89928],{"class":34},"Current number",[28,89930,271],{"class":93},[28,89932,5273],{"class":97},[28,89934,89935],{"class":34}," Total",[28,89937,271],{"class":93},[28,89939,29405],{"class":97},[28,89941,89942,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,89943,89928],{"class":34},[28,89945,271],{"class":93},[28,89947,2762],{"class":97},[28,89949,89935],{"class":34},[28,89951,271],{"class":93},[28,89953,2347],{"class":97},[28,89955,89956,89958,89960,89962,89964,89966],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,89957,89928],{"class":34},[28,89959,271],{"class":93},[28,89961,2221],{"class":97},[28,89963,89935],{"class":34},[28,89965,271],{"class":93},[28,89967,89968],{"class":97}," 6\n",[14,89970,89971,89972,385],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[381,89973,89975],{"href":89974},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[172,89977,1104],{"id":1103},[14,89979,89980,89981,385],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[25,89982,46237],{},[1109,89984,1112],{"id":1111},[14,89986,89987],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[18,89989,89991],{"className":20,"code":89990,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(Hello)\n",[25,89992,89993],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,89994,89995,89997,89999,90001],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,89996,115],{"class":114},[28,89998,94],{"class":93},[28,90000,64],{"class":120},[28,90002,101],{"class":93},[14,90004,8653,90005,90007],{},[25,90006,64],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90009,1142],{},[18,90011,90013],{"className":20,"code":90012,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[25,90014,90015],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90016,90017,90019,90021,90023,90025,90027],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90018,115],{"class":114},[28,90020,94],{"class":93},[28,90022,234],{"class":42},[28,90024,64],{"class":46},[28,90026,234],{"class":42},[28,90028,101],{"class":93},[1109,90030,8194,90032,90034],{"id":90031},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[25,90033,115],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90036,90037],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[18,90039,90041],{"className":20,"code":90040,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print \"Hello\"\n",[25,90042,90043],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90044,90045,90047,90049,90051],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90046,115],{"class":114},[28,90048,43],{"class":42},[28,90050,64],{"class":46},[28,90052,50],{"class":42},[14,90054,1142],{},[18,90056,90057],{"className":20,"code":90012,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,90058,90059],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90060,90061,90063,90065,90067,90069,90071],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90062,115],{"class":114},[28,90064,94],{"class":93},[28,90066,234],{"class":42},[28,90068,64],{"class":46},[28,90070,234],{"class":42},[28,90072,101],{"class":93},[1109,90074,90076,90077],{"id":90075},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[25,90078,1828],{},[14,90080,90081,90082,385],{},"This causes a ",[25,90083,2775],{},[18,90085,90086],{"className":20,"code":89179,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,90087,90088,90096],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90089,90090,90092,90094],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90091,807],{"class":34},[28,90093,39],{"class":38},[28,90095,1470],{"class":97},[28,90097,90098,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108,90110,90112],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,90099,115],{"class":114},[28,90101,94],{"class":93},[28,90103,234],{"class":42},[28,90105,823],{"class":46},[28,90107,234],{"class":42},[28,90109,828],{"class":38},[28,90111,8967],{"class":120},[28,90113,101],{"class":93},[14,90115,90116],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[18,90118,90120],{"className":20,"code":90119,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[25,90121,90122],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90123,90124,90126,90128,90130,90132,90134,90136,90138],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90125,115],{"class":114},[28,90127,94],{"class":93},[28,90129,234],{"class":42},[28,90131,89101],{"class":46},[28,90133,234],{"class":42},[28,90135,2759],{"class":93},[28,90137,8967],{"class":120},[28,90139,101],{"class":93},[14,90141,90142],{},"Or convert the number first:",[18,90144,90146],{"className":20,"code":90145,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[25,90147,90148],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90149,90150,90152,90154,90156,90158,90160,90162,90164,90166,90168],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90151,115],{"class":114},[28,90153,94],{"class":93},[28,90155,234],{"class":42},[28,90157,823],{"class":46},[28,90159,234],{"class":42},[28,90161,828],{"class":38},[28,90163,90],{"class":89},[28,90165,94],{"class":93},[28,90167,835],{"class":120},[28,90169,318],{"class":93},[14,90171,90172,90173,385],{},"If you see this error, read ",[381,90174,1513],{"href":1512},[1109,90176,8230,90178,90180],{"id":90177},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[25,90179,46237],{}," to return a value",[14,90182,90183,90184,1018,90187,271],{},"This does not store ",[25,90185,90186],{},"\"Hello\"",[25,90188,2033],{},[18,90190,90192],{"className":20,"code":90191,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[25,90193,90194],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90195,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208,90210],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90197,1999],{"class":34},[28,90199,39],{"class":38},[28,90201,89703],{"class":114},[28,90203,94],{"class":93},[28,90205,234],{"class":42},[28,90207,64],{"class":46},[28,90209,234],{"class":42},[28,90211,101],{"class":93},[14,90213,90214,90215,385],{},"It stores ",[25,90216,3546],{},[1109,90218,90220,90221,1323,90223],{"id":90219},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[25,90222,89240],{},[25,90224,52440],{},[14,90226,85589],{},[177,90228,90229,90238],{},[180,90230,90231,90233,90234,90237],{},[25,90232,89240],{}," changes what goes ",[163,90235,90236],{},"between"," multiple values",[180,90239,90240,90242,90243,90246],{},[25,90241,52440],{}," changes what appears ",[163,90244,90245],{},"after"," the output",[172,90248,90250],{"id":90249},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90252,90253,90254,90256],{},"These simple ",[25,90255,46237],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[18,90258,90260],{"className":20,"code":90259,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[25,90261,90262,90282,90297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90263,90264,90266,90268,90270,90273,90275,90277,90280],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90265,115],{"class":114},[28,90267,94],{"class":93},[28,90269,234],{"class":42},[28,90271,90272],{"class":46},"Debug:",[28,90274,234],{"class":42},[28,90276,2759],{"class":93},[28,90278,90279],{"class":120}," variable_name",[28,90281,101],{"class":93},[28,90283,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292,90295],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,90285,115],{"class":114},[28,90287,94],{"class":93},[28,90289,311],{"class":89},[28,90291,94],{"class":93},[28,90293,90294],{"class":120},"variable_name",[28,90296,318],{"class":93},[28,90298,90299,90301,90303,90305],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,90300,31943],{"class":114},[28,90302,94],{"class":93},[28,90304,115],{"class":114},[28,90306,101],{"class":93},[14,90308,90309],{},"What they do:",[177,90311,90312,90318,90324],{},[180,90313,90314,90317],{},[25,90315,90316],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[180,90319,90320,90323],{},[25,90321,90322],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[180,90325,90326,90329,90330],{},[25,90327,90328],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[25,90331,46237],{},[172,90333,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,90335,12487,90337,90339],{"id":90336},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[25,90338,46237],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90341,90342,90343,90345,90346,36412],{},"Yes. By default, ",[25,90344,46237],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[25,90347,52440],{},[1109,90349,4943,90351,90353],{"id":90350},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[25,90352,46237],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90355,90356,90357,90359],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[25,90358,46237],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1109,90361,4931,90363,4934,90366,2262],{"id":90362},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[25,90364,90365],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[25,90367,3546],{},[14,90369,28851,90370,90372],{},[25,90371,46237],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1109,90374,90376],{"id":90375},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90378,90379],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[18,90381,90383],{"className":20,"code":90382,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[25,90384,90385],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90386,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90388,115],{"class":114},[28,90390,94],{"class":93},[28,90392,234],{"class":42},[28,90394,89101],{"class":46},[28,90396,234],{"class":42},[28,90398,2759],{"class":93},[28,90400,5781],{"class":97},[28,90402,101],{"class":93},[14,90404,90405,90406,39722],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[25,90407,169],{},[1109,90409,4953,90411,1323,90413,2262],{"id":90410},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[25,90412,89240],{},[25,90414,52440],{},[177,90416,90417,90422],{},[180,90418,90419,90421],{},[25,90420,89240],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[180,90423,90424,90426],{},[25,90425,52440],{}," changes what appears after the output",[172,90428,1662],{"id":1661},[177,90430,90431,90435,90441,90447,90452,90457],{},[180,90432,90433],{},[381,90434,50755],{"href":383},[180,90436,90437],{},[381,90438,858,90439,861],{"href":7995},[25,90440,2725],{},[180,90442,90443],{},[381,90444,858,90445,861],{"href":857},[25,90446,169],{},[180,90448,90449],{},[381,90450,90451],{"href":89466},"How to format strings in Python",[180,90453,90454],{},[381,90455,90456],{"href":89974},"How to debug Python code",[180,90458,90459],{},[381,90460,1513],{"href":1512},[1699,90462,90463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":90465},[90466,90467,90469,90470,90476,90477,90478,90483,90489,90491,90493,90504,90505,90516],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":88647,"depth":53,"text":90468},"What print() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":88882,"depth":53,"text":88883,"children":90471},[90472,90473,90474,90475],{"id":88891,"depth":70,"text":88892},{"id":88931,"depth":70,"text":88932},{"id":88963,"depth":70,"text":88964},{"id":88990,"depth":70,"text":88991},{"id":89032,"depth":53,"text":89033},{"id":89227,"depth":53,"text":89228},{"id":89267,"depth":53,"text":90479,"children":90480},"sep argument",[90481,90482],{"id":89280,"depth":70,"text":89281},{"id":89330,"depth":70,"text":89331},{"id":89470,"depth":53,"text":90484,"children":90485},"end argument",[90486,90487,90488],{"id":89484,"depth":70,"text":89281},{"id":89537,"depth":70,"text":89538},{"id":89593,"depth":70,"text":89594},{"id":89677,"depth":53,"text":90490},"print() returns None",{"id":89812,"depth":53,"text":90492},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":90494},[90495,90496,90498,90500,90502],{"id":1111,"depth":70,"text":1112},{"id":90031,"depth":70,"text":90497},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90075,"depth":70,"text":90499},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90177,"depth":70,"text":90501},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90219,"depth":70,"text":90503},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90249,"depth":53,"text":90250},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":90506},[90507,90509,90511,90513,90514],{"id":90336,"depth":70,"text":90508},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90350,"depth":70,"text":90510},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90362,"depth":70,"text":90512},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90375,"depth":70,"text":90376},{"id":90410,"depth":70,"text":90515},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88530,"description":90517},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90524,"title":90525,"body":90526,"description":92830,"extension":1730,"meta":92831,"navigation":107,"path":92832,"seo":92833,"stem":92834,"__hash__":92835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90527,"toc":92776},[90528,90533,90538,90551,90553,90618,90629,90634,90639,90641,90664,90667,90698,90700,90717,90722,90728,90733,90782,90785,90802,90808,90813,90836,90838,90866,90872,90880,90907,90909,90934,90940,90943,90974,90976,91005,91009,91012,91017,91039,91041,91069,91075,91081,91107,91109,91133,91139,91145,91175,91177,91205,91215,91219,91225,91258,91260,91289,91292,91295,91328,91330,91338,91344,91346,91369,91374,91383,91388,91402,91404,91444,91446,91476,91480,91515,91521,91525,91569,91571,91601,91607,91610,91689,91691,91713,91721,91724,91787,91795,91870,91876,91883,91888,91893,91916,91918,91939,91941,91954,91956,92003,92005,92044,92053,92055,92059,92063,92066,92093,92096,92125,92128,92152,92155,92163,92169,92191,92193,92221,92225,92230,92285,92290,92292,92349,92356,92365,92368,92400,92402,92410,92413,92419,92421,92444,92447,92453,92456,92475,92477,92496,92499,92521,92523,92551,92555,92559,92664,92666,92679,92681,92687,92690,92698,92703,92709,92715,92720,92728,92734,92741,92743,92773],[10,90529,858,90531,3344],{"id":90530},"python-range-function-explained",[25,90532,35988],{},[14,90534,32108,90535,90537],{},[25,90536,35988],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90539,90540,90541,90543,90544,90546,90547,90550],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[25,90542,5734],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[25,90545,35988],{}," stops ",[163,90548,90549],{},"before"," the end value.",[172,90552,1771],{"id":1770},[18,90554,90556],{"className":20,"code":90555,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[25,90557,90558,90574,90584,90588,90593,90598,90603,90608,90613],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90559,90560,90562,90564,90566,90568,90570,90572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90561,5734],{"class":3644},[28,90563,69327],{"class":34},[28,90565,3651],{"class":3644},[28,90567,53850],{"class":114},[28,90569,94],{"class":93},[28,90571,1905],{"class":97},[28,90573,8118],{"class":93},[28,90575,90576,90578,90580,90582],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,90577,7844],{"class":114},[28,90579,94],{"class":93},[28,90581,35944],{"class":120},[28,90583,101],{"class":93},[28,90585,90586],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,90587,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,90589,90590],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,90591,90592],{"class":1006},"# Output:\n",[28,90594,90595],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,90596,90597],{"class":1006},"# 0\n",[28,90599,90600],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,90601,90602],{"class":1006},"# 1\n",[28,90604,90605],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,90606,90607],{"class":1006},"# 2\n",[28,90609,90610],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,90611,90612],{"class":1006},"# 3\n",[28,90614,90615],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,90616,90617],{"class":1006},"# 4\n",[14,90619,90620,90623,90624,90626,90627,385],{},[25,90621,90622],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[25,90625,1888],{}," and stopping before ",[25,90628,1905],{},[172,90630,3445,90632,3448],{"id":90631},"what-range-does",[25,90633,35988],{},[14,90635,90636,90638],{},[25,90637,35988],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90640,12836],{},[177,90642,90643,90648,90654,90659],{},[180,90644,90645,90647],{},[25,90646,35988],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[180,90649,90650,90651,90653],{},"It is commonly used with ",[25,90652,5734],{}," loops",[180,90655,90656,90657],{},"The stop value is ",[163,90658,64848],{},[180,90660,17208,90661,90663],{},[25,90662,59779],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90665,90666],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[18,90668,90670],{"className":20,"code":90669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[25,90671,90672,90688],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90673,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90675,5734],{"class":3644},[28,90677,6163],{"class":34},[28,90679,3651],{"class":3644},[28,90681,53850],{"class":114},[28,90683,94],{"class":93},[28,90685,1831],{"class":97},[28,90687,8118],{"class":93},[28,90689,90690,90692,90694,90696],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,90691,7844],{"class":114},[28,90693,94],{"class":93},[28,90695,331],{"class":120},[28,90697,101],{"class":93},[14,90699,336],{},[18,90701,90703],{"className":20,"code":90702,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0\n1\n2\n",[25,90704,90705,90709,90713],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90706,90707],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90708,47035],{"class":97},[28,90710,90711],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,90712,46700],{"class":97},[28,90714,90715],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,90716,16842],{"class":97},[14,90718,90719,90720,385],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[381,90721,35818],{"href":35817},[172,90723,90725,90727],{"id":90724},"range-syntax",[25,90726,35988],{}," syntax",[14,90729,90730,90732],{},[25,90731,35988],{}," has three common forms:",[18,90734,90736],{"className":20,"code":90735,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[25,90737,90738,90748,90763],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90739,90740,90742,90744,90746],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90741,59779],{"class":114},[28,90743,94],{"class":93},[28,90745,75205],{"class":120},[28,90747,101],{"class":93},[28,90749,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90761],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,90751,59779],{"class":114},[28,90753,94],{"class":93},[28,90755,35862],{"class":120},[28,90757,2759],{"class":93},[28,90759,90760],{"class":120}," stop",[28,90762,101],{"class":93},[28,90764,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90780],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,90766,59779],{"class":114},[28,90768,94],{"class":93},[28,90770,35862],{"class":120},[28,90772,2759],{"class":93},[28,90774,90760],{"class":120},[28,90776,2759],{"class":93},[28,90778,90779],{"class":120}," step",[28,90781,101],{"class":93},[14,90783,90784],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[177,90786,90787,90792,90797],{},[180,90788,90789,90791],{},[25,90790,35862],{}," = first number",[180,90793,90794,90796],{},[25,90795,75205],{}," = end limit, not included",[180,90798,90799,90801],{},[25,90800,75208],{}," = amount to move each time",[1109,90803,90805],{"id":90804},"rangestop",[25,90806,90807],{},"range(stop)",[14,90809,90810,90811,385],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[25,90812,1888],{},[18,90814,90816],{"className":20,"code":90815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[25,90817,90818],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90819,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90821,115],{"class":114},[28,90823,94],{"class":93},[28,90825,7869],{"class":89},[28,90827,94],{"class":93},[28,90829,59779],{"class":114},[28,90831,94],{"class":93},[28,90833,1905],{"class":97},[28,90835,2679],{"class":93},[14,90837,336],{},[18,90839,90840],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,90841,90842],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90843,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90845,3669],{"class":93},[28,90847,1888],{"class":97},[28,90849,2759],{"class":93},[28,90851,5273],{"class":97},[28,90853,2759],{"class":93},[28,90855,2762],{"class":97},[28,90857,2759],{"class":93},[28,90859,2221],{"class":97},[28,90861,2759],{"class":93},[28,90863,2226],{"class":97},[28,90865,3401],{"class":93},[1109,90867,90869],{"id":90868},"rangestart-stop",[25,90870,90871],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90873,90874,90875,90877,90878,385],{},"This starts at ",[25,90876,35862],{}," and stops before ",[25,90879,75205],{},[18,90881,90883],{"className":20,"code":90882,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[25,90884,90885],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90886,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90888,115],{"class":114},[28,90890,94],{"class":93},[28,90892,7869],{"class":89},[28,90894,94],{"class":93},[28,90896,59779],{"class":114},[28,90898,94],{"class":93},[28,90900,1825],{"class":97},[28,90902,2759],{"class":93},[28,90904,37435],{"class":97},[28,90906,2679],{"class":93},[14,90908,336],{},[18,90910,90912],{"className":20,"code":90911,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[25,90913,90914],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90915,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90917,3669],{"class":93},[28,90919,1825],{"class":97},[28,90921,2759],{"class":93},[28,90923,2221],{"class":97},[28,90925,2759],{"class":93},[28,90927,2226],{"class":97},[28,90929,2759],{"class":93},[28,90931,4376],{"class":97},[28,90933,3401],{"class":93},[1109,90935,90937],{"id":90936},"rangestart-stop-step",[25,90938,90939],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90941,90942],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[18,90944,90946],{"className":20,"code":90945,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[25,90947,90948],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90949,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90951,115],{"class":114},[28,90953,94],{"class":93},[28,90955,7869],{"class":89},[28,90957,94],{"class":93},[28,90959,59779],{"class":114},[28,90961,94],{"class":93},[28,90963,2756],{"class":97},[28,90965,2759],{"class":93},[28,90967,5781],{"class":97},[28,90969,2759],{"class":93},[28,90971,2762],{"class":97},[28,90973,2679],{"class":93},[14,90975,336],{},[18,90977,90979],{"className":20,"code":90978,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[25,90980,90981],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,90982,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,90984,3669],{"class":93},[28,90986,2756],{"class":97},[28,90988,2759],{"class":93},[28,90990,2221],{"class":97},[28,90992,2759],{"class":93},[28,90994,4376],{"class":97},[28,90996,2759],{"class":93},[28,90998,5770],{"class":97},[28,91000,2759],{"class":93},[28,91002,53916],{"class":97},[28,91004,3401],{"class":93},[172,91006,91008],{"id":91007},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91010,91011],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1109,91013,91015],{"id":91014},"range5",[25,91016,90622],{},[18,91018,91019],{"className":20,"code":90815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91020,91021],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91022,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91024,115],{"class":114},[28,91026,94],{"class":93},[28,91028,7869],{"class":89},[28,91030,94],{"class":93},[28,91032,59779],{"class":114},[28,91034,94],{"class":93},[28,91036,1905],{"class":97},[28,91038,2679],{"class":93},[14,91040,336],{},[18,91042,91043],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91044,91045],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91046,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91048,3669],{"class":93},[28,91050,1888],{"class":97},[28,91052,2759],{"class":93},[28,91054,5273],{"class":97},[28,91056,2759],{"class":93},[28,91058,2762],{"class":97},[28,91060,2759],{"class":93},[28,91062,2221],{"class":97},[28,91064,2759],{"class":93},[28,91066,2226],{"class":97},[28,91068,3401],{"class":93},[14,91070,90874,91071,90877,91073,385],{},[25,91072,1888],{},[25,91074,1905],{},[1109,91076,91078],{"id":91077},"range2-6",[25,91079,91080],{},"range(2, 6)",[18,91082,91083],{"className":20,"code":90882,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91084,91085],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91086,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91088,115],{"class":114},[28,91090,94],{"class":93},[28,91092,7869],{"class":89},[28,91094,94],{"class":93},[28,91096,59779],{"class":114},[28,91098,94],{"class":93},[28,91100,1825],{"class":97},[28,91102,2759],{"class":93},[28,91104,37435],{"class":97},[28,91106,2679],{"class":93},[14,91108,336],{},[18,91110,91111],{"className":20,"code":90911,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91112,91113],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91114,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91116,3669],{"class":93},[28,91118,1825],{"class":97},[28,91120,2759],{"class":93},[28,91122,2221],{"class":97},[28,91124,2759],{"class":93},[28,91126,2226],{"class":97},[28,91128,2759],{"class":93},[28,91130,4376],{"class":97},[28,91132,3401],{"class":93},[14,91134,90874,91135,90877,91137,385],{},[25,91136,1825],{},[25,91138,80372],{},[1109,91140,91142],{"id":91141},"range1-10-2",[25,91143,91144],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[18,91146,91147],{"className":20,"code":90945,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91148,91149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91150,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91152,115],{"class":114},[28,91154,94],{"class":93},[28,91156,7869],{"class":89},[28,91158,94],{"class":93},[28,91160,59779],{"class":114},[28,91162,94],{"class":93},[28,91164,2756],{"class":97},[28,91166,2759],{"class":93},[28,91168,5781],{"class":97},[28,91170,2759],{"class":93},[28,91172,2762],{"class":97},[28,91174,2679],{"class":93},[14,91176,336],{},[18,91178,91179],{"className":20,"code":90978,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91180,91181],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91182,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91184,3669],{"class":93},[28,91186,2756],{"class":97},[28,91188,2759],{"class":93},[28,91190,2221],{"class":97},[28,91192,2759],{"class":93},[28,91194,4376],{"class":97},[28,91196,2759],{"class":93},[28,91198,5770],{"class":97},[28,91200,2759],{"class":93},[28,91202,53916],{"class":97},[28,91204,3401],{"class":93},[14,91206,91207,91208,91210,91211,61080,91213,385],{},"This moves by ",[25,91209,1825],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[25,91212,2756],{},[25,91214,1913],{},[1109,91216,91218],{"id":91217},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91220,91221,91222,91224],{},"A negative step makes ",[25,91223,35988],{}," count backward.",[18,91226,91228],{"className":20,"code":91227,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[25,91229,91230],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91231,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91233,115],{"class":114},[28,91235,94],{"class":93},[28,91237,7869],{"class":89},[28,91239,94],{"class":93},[28,91241,59779],{"class":114},[28,91243,94],{"class":93},[28,91245,1905],{"class":97},[28,91247,2759],{"class":93},[28,91249,3602],{"class":97},[28,91251,2759],{"class":93},[28,91253,1991],{"class":38},[28,91255,2756],{"class":97},[28,91257,2679],{"class":93},[14,91259,336],{},[18,91261,91263],{"className":20,"code":91262,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[25,91264,91265],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91266,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91268,3669],{"class":93},[28,91270,1905],{"class":97},[28,91272,2759],{"class":93},[28,91274,2226],{"class":97},[28,91276,2759],{"class":93},[28,91278,2221],{"class":97},[28,91280,2759],{"class":93},[28,91282,2762],{"class":97},[28,91284,2759],{"class":93},[28,91286,5273],{"class":97},[28,91288,3401],{"class":93},[14,91290,91291],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91293,91294],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[18,91296,91298],{"className":20,"code":91297,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[25,91299,91300],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91301,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91303,115],{"class":114},[28,91305,94],{"class":93},[28,91307,7869],{"class":89},[28,91309,94],{"class":93},[28,91311,59779],{"class":114},[28,91313,94],{"class":93},[28,91315,2756],{"class":97},[28,91317,2759],{"class":93},[28,91319,4376],{"class":97},[28,91321,2759],{"class":93},[28,91323,1991],{"class":38},[28,91325,2756],{"class":97},[28,91327,2679],{"class":93},[14,91329,336],{},[18,91331,91332],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91333,91334],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91335,91336],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91337,38089],{"class":93},[1109,91339,91340,76368,91342],{"id":76592},[25,91341,75208],{},[25,91343,1888],{},[14,91345,2604],{},[18,91347,91349],{"className":20,"code":91348,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[25,91350,91351],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91354,59779],{"class":114},[28,91356,94],{"class":93},[28,91358,2756],{"class":97},[28,91360,2759],{"class":93},[28,91362,4376],{"class":97},[28,91364,2759],{"class":93},[28,91366,3602],{"class":97},[28,91368,101],{"class":93},[14,91370,76637,91371,91373],{},[25,91372,40496],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[172,91375,8194,91377,91379,91380,91382],{"id":91376},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[25,91378,35988],{}," in a ",[25,91381,5734],{}," loop",[14,91384,91385,91387],{},[25,91386,35988],{}," is most useful when:",[177,91389,91390,91393,91396],{},[180,91391,91392],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[180,91394,91395],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[180,91397,91398,91399],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[25,91400,91401],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91403,924],{},[18,91405,91407],{"className":20,"code":91406,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[25,91408,91409,91425],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91410,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91412,5734],{"class":3644},[28,91414,69327],{"class":34},[28,91416,3651],{"class":3644},[28,91418,53850],{"class":114},[28,91420,94],{"class":93},[28,91422,1831],{"class":97},[28,91424,8118],{"class":93},[28,91426,91427,91429,91431,91433,91436,91438,91440,91442],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91428,7844],{"class":114},[28,91430,94],{"class":93},[28,91432,234],{"class":42},[28,91434,91435],{"class":46},"Loop number:",[28,91437,234],{"class":42},[28,91439,2759],{"class":93},[28,91441,35919],{"class":120},[28,91443,101],{"class":93},[14,91445,336],{},[18,91447,91449],{"className":20,"code":91448,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[25,91450,91451,91460,91468],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91452,91453,91456,91458],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91454,91455],{"class":34},"Loop number",[28,91457,271],{"class":93},[28,91459,38305],{"class":97},[28,91461,91462,91464,91466],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91463,91455],{"class":34},[28,91465,271],{"class":93},[28,91467,29405],{"class":97},[28,91469,91470,91472,91474],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91471,91455],{"class":34},[28,91473,271],{"class":93},[28,91475,45377],{"class":97},[1109,91477,91479],{"id":91478},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[18,91481,91483],{"className":20,"code":91482,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[25,91484,91485,91501],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91486,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91488,5734],{"class":3644},[28,91490,69327],{"class":34},[28,91492,3651],{"class":3644},[28,91494,53850],{"class":114},[28,91496,94],{"class":93},[28,91498,1905],{"class":97},[28,91500,8118],{"class":93},[28,91502,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91504,7844],{"class":114},[28,91506,94],{"class":93},[28,91508,234],{"class":42},[28,91510,64],{"class":46},[28,91512,234],{"class":42},[28,91514,101],{"class":93},[14,91516,91517,91518,91520],{},"This prints ",[25,91519,90186],{}," five times.",[1109,91522,91524],{"id":91523},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[18,91526,91528],{"className":20,"code":91527,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[25,91529,91530,91550],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91531,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91533,5734],{"class":3644},[28,91535,69327],{"class":34},[28,91537,3651],{"class":3644},[28,91539,53850],{"class":114},[28,91541,94],{"class":93},[28,91543,2756],{"class":97},[28,91545,2759],{"class":93},[28,91547,2226],{"class":97},[28,91549,8118],{"class":93},[28,91551,91552,91554,91556,91558,91561,91563,91565,91567],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91553,7844],{"class":114},[28,91555,94],{"class":93},[28,91557,234],{"class":42},[28,91559,91560],{"class":46},"Current number is",[28,91562,234],{"class":42},[28,91564,2759],{"class":93},[28,91566,35919],{"class":120},[28,91568,101],{"class":93},[14,91570,336],{},[18,91572,91574],{"className":20,"code":91573,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[25,91575,91576,91585,91593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91577,91578,91581,91583],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91579,91580],{"class":34},"Current number ",[28,91582,11976],{"class":38},[28,91584,29405],{"class":97},[28,91586,91587,91589,91591],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91588,91580],{"class":34},[28,91590,11976],{"class":38},[28,91592,45377],{"class":97},[28,91594,91595,91597,91599],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91596,91580],{"class":34},[28,91598,11976],{"class":38},[28,91600,2347],{"class":97},[1109,91602,91604,91606],{"id":91603},"range-and-indexing",[25,91605,35988],{}," and indexing",[14,91608,91609],{},"You may see code like this:",[18,91611,91613],{"className":20,"code":91612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[25,91614,91615,91647,91651,91671],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91616,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91618,7555],{"class":34},[28,91620,39],{"class":38},[28,91622,3388],{"class":93},[28,91624,234],{"class":42},[28,91626,381],{"class":46},[28,91628,234],{"class":42},[28,91630,2759],{"class":93},[28,91632,43],{"class":42},[28,91634,4533],{"class":46},[28,91636,234],{"class":42},[28,91638,2759],{"class":93},[28,91640,43],{"class":42},[28,91642,9518],{"class":46},[28,91644,234],{"class":42},[28,91646,3401],{"class":93},[28,91648,91649],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91650,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,91652,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91654,5734],{"class":3644},[28,91656,69327],{"class":34},[28,91658,3651],{"class":3644},[28,91660,53850],{"class":114},[28,91662,94],{"class":93},[28,91664,10941],{"class":114},[28,91666,94],{"class":93},[28,91668,7586],{"class":120},[28,91670,69342],{"class":93},[28,91672,91673,91675,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685,91687],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,91674,7844],{"class":114},[28,91676,94],{"class":93},[28,91678,35944],{"class":120},[28,91680,2759],{"class":93},[28,91682,5742],{"class":120},[28,91684,3669],{"class":93},[28,91686,35944],{"class":120},[28,91688,3657],{"class":93},[14,91690,336],{},[18,91692,91693],{"className":20,"code":35956,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,91694,91695,91701,91707],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91696,91697,91699],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91698,1888],{"class":97},[28,91700,35965],{"class":34},[28,91702,91703,91705],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91704,2756],{"class":97},[28,91706,35972],{"class":34},[28,91708,91709,91711],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91710,1825],{"class":97},[28,91712,35979],{"class":34},[14,91714,91715,91716,91720],{},"This works, and it uses ",[381,91717,91718],{"href":42148},[25,91719,42151],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91722,91723],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[18,91725,91727],{"className":20,"code":91726,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[25,91728,91729,91761,91765,91777],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91730,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91732,7555],{"class":34},[28,91734,39],{"class":38},[28,91736,3388],{"class":93},[28,91738,234],{"class":42},[28,91740,381],{"class":46},[28,91742,234],{"class":42},[28,91744,2759],{"class":93},[28,91746,43],{"class":42},[28,91748,4533],{"class":46},[28,91750,234],{"class":42},[28,91752,2759],{"class":93},[28,91754,43],{"class":42},[28,91756,9518],{"class":46},[28,91758,234],{"class":42},[28,91760,3401],{"class":93},[28,91762,91763],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91764,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,91766,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91768,5734],{"class":3644},[28,91770,5737],{"class":34},[28,91772,3651],{"class":3644},[28,91774,5742],{"class":34},[28,91776,6170],{"class":93},[28,91778,91779,91781,91783,91785],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,91780,7844],{"class":114},[28,91782,94],{"class":93},[28,91784,23098],{"class":120},[28,91786,101],{"class":93},[14,91788,36383,91789,91794],{},[381,91790,91792],{"href":91791},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[25,91793,35538],{}," is usually a better choice:",[18,91796,91798],{"className":20,"code":91797,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[25,91799,91800,91832,91836,91856],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91801,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91803,7555],{"class":34},[28,91805,39],{"class":38},[28,91807,3388],{"class":93},[28,91809,234],{"class":42},[28,91811,381],{"class":46},[28,91813,234],{"class":42},[28,91815,2759],{"class":93},[28,91817,43],{"class":42},[28,91819,4533],{"class":46},[28,91821,234],{"class":42},[28,91823,2759],{"class":93},[28,91825,43],{"class":42},[28,91827,9518],{"class":46},[28,91829,234],{"class":42},[28,91831,3401],{"class":93},[28,91833,91834],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91835,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,91837,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91839,5734],{"class":3644},[28,91841,35610],{"class":34},[28,91843,2759],{"class":93},[28,91845,5737],{"class":34},[28,91847,3651],{"class":3644},[28,91849,35620],{"class":114},[28,91851,94],{"class":93},[28,91853,7586],{"class":120},[28,91855,8118],{"class":93},[28,91857,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,91859,7844],{"class":114},[28,91861,94],{"class":93},[28,91863,35635],{"class":120},[28,91865,2759],{"class":93},[28,91867,29297],{"class":120},[28,91869,101],{"class":93},[14,91871,78897,91872,385],{},[381,91873,36396,91874,36399],{"href":36395},[25,91875,35538],{},[172,91877,91879,91880,91882],{"id":91878},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[25,91881,35988],{}," to a list",[14,91884,91885,91887],{},[25,91886,35988],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91889,91890,91891,271],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[25,91892,24569],{},[18,91894,91896],{"className":20,"code":91895,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[25,91897,91898],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91899,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91901,115],{"class":114},[28,91903,94],{"class":93},[28,91905,7869],{"class":89},[28,91907,94],{"class":93},[28,91909,59779],{"class":114},[28,91911,94],{"class":93},[28,91913,1831],{"class":97},[28,91915,2679],{"class":93},[14,91917,336],{},[18,91919,91921],{"className":20,"code":91920,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[25,91922,91923],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91924,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91926,3669],{"class":93},[28,91928,1888],{"class":97},[28,91930,2759],{"class":93},[28,91932,5273],{"class":97},[28,91934,2759],{"class":93},[28,91936,2762],{"class":97},[28,91938,3401],{"class":93},[14,91940,33103],{},[177,91942,91943,91948,91951],{},[180,91944,91945,91946,41877],{},"learning how ",[25,91947,35988],{},[180,91949,91950],{},"checking your values",[180,91952,91953],{},"debugging code",[14,91955,5247],{},[18,91957,91959],{"className":20,"code":91958,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[25,91960,91961,91975,91979,91989],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,91962,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,91964,3383],{"class":34},[28,91966,39],{"class":38},[28,91968,53850],{"class":114},[28,91970,94],{"class":93},[28,91972,2275],{"class":97},[28,91974,101],{"class":93},[28,91976,91977],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,91978,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,91980,91981,91983,91985,91987],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,91982,115],{"class":114},[28,91984,94],{"class":93},[28,91986,3415],{"class":120},[28,91988,101],{"class":93},[28,91990,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,91992,115],{"class":114},[28,91994,94],{"class":93},[28,91996,7869],{"class":89},[28,91998,94],{"class":93},[28,92000,3415],{"class":120},[28,92002,318],{"class":93},[14,92004,336],{},[18,92006,92008],{"className":20,"code":92007,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[25,92009,92010,92024],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92011,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92013,59779],{"class":114},[28,92015,94],{"class":93},[28,92017,1888],{"class":97},[28,92019,2759],{"class":93},[28,92021,2226],{"class":97},[28,92023,101],{"class":93},[28,92025,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,92027,3669],{"class":93},[28,92029,1888],{"class":97},[28,92031,2759],{"class":93},[28,92033,5273],{"class":97},[28,92035,2759],{"class":93},[28,92037,2762],{"class":97},[28,92039,2759],{"class":93},[28,92041,2221],{"class":97},[28,92043,3401],{"class":93},[14,92045,92046,92047,10365,92049,92052],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[25,92048,59779],{},[25,92050,92051],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[172,92054,4290],{"id":4289},[14,92056,33332,92057,385],{},[25,92058,35988],{},[1109,92060,92062],{"id":92061},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92064,92065],{},"Many beginners think this:",[18,92067,92069],{"className":20,"code":92068,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[25,92070,92071],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92072,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92074,115],{"class":114},[28,92076,94],{"class":93},[28,92078,7869],{"class":89},[28,92080,94],{"class":93},[28,92082,59779],{"class":114},[28,92084,94],{"class":93},[28,92086,2756],{"class":97},[28,92088,2759],{"class":93},[28,92090,4376],{"class":97},[28,92092,2679],{"class":93},[14,92094,92095],{},"will produce:",[18,92097,92099],{"className":20,"code":92098,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[25,92100,92101],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92102,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92104,3669],{"class":93},[28,92106,2756],{"class":97},[28,92108,2759],{"class":93},[28,92110,2762],{"class":97},[28,92112,2759],{"class":93},[28,92114,2221],{"class":97},[28,92116,2759],{"class":93},[28,92118,2226],{"class":97},[28,92120,2759],{"class":93},[28,92122,4376],{"class":97},[28,92124,3401],{"class":93},[14,92126,92127],{},"But the real output is:",[18,92129,92130],{"className":20,"code":53285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92131,92132],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92133,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92135,3669],{"class":93},[28,92137,2756],{"class":97},[28,92139,2759],{"class":93},[28,92141,2762],{"class":97},[28,92143,2759],{"class":93},[28,92145,2221],{"class":97},[28,92147,2759],{"class":93},[28,92149,2226],{"class":97},[28,92151,3401],{"class":93},[14,92153,92154],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1109,92156,1320,92158,92160,92161],{"id":92157},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[25,92159,90622],{}," starts at ",[25,92162,2756],{},[14,92164,37259,92165,18751,92167,385],{},[25,92166,1888],{},[25,92168,2756],{},[18,92170,92171],{"className":20,"code":90815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92172,92173],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92174,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92176,115],{"class":114},[28,92178,94],{"class":93},[28,92180,7869],{"class":89},[28,92182,94],{"class":93},[28,92184,59779],{"class":114},[28,92186,94],{"class":93},[28,92188,1905],{"class":97},[28,92190,2679],{"class":93},[14,92192,336],{},[18,92194,92195],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92196,92197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92198,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92200,3669],{"class":93},[28,92202,1888],{"class":97},[28,92204,2759],{"class":93},[28,92206,5273],{"class":97},[28,92208,2759],{"class":93},[28,92210,2762],{"class":97},[28,92212,2759],{"class":93},[28,92214,2221],{"class":97},[28,92216,2759],{"class":93},[28,92218,2226],{"class":97},[28,92220,3401],{"class":93},[1109,92222,92224],{"id":92223},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92226,92227,92228,271],{},"This often happens with ",[25,92229,2725],{},[18,92231,92233],{"className":20,"code":92232,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[25,92234,92235,92254,92258,92275],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92236,92237,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92238,92239],{"class":34},"user_number ",[28,92241,39],{"class":38},[28,92243,8018],{"class":114},[28,92245,94],{"class":93},[28,92247,234],{"class":42},[28,92249,41663],{"class":46},[28,92251,234],{"class":42},[28,92253,101],{"class":93},[28,92255,92256],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,92257,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,92259,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92273],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,92261,5734],{"class":3644},[28,92263,69327],{"class":34},[28,92265,3651],{"class":3644},[28,92267,53850],{"class":114},[28,92269,94],{"class":93},[28,92271,92272],{"class":120},"user_number",[28,92274,8118],{"class":93},[28,92276,92277,92279,92281,92283],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,92278,7844],{"class":114},[28,92280,94],{"class":93},[28,92282,35944],{"class":120},[28,92284,101],{"class":93},[14,92286,48292,92287,92289],{},[25,92288,2725],{}," returns a string.",[14,92291,1142],{},[18,92293,92295],{"className":20,"code":92294,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[25,92296,92297,92319,92323,92339],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92298,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315,92317],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92300,92239],{"class":34},[28,92302,39],{"class":38},[28,92304,45064],{"class":89},[28,92306,94],{"class":93},[28,92308,42253],{"class":114},[28,92310,94],{"class":93},[28,92312,234],{"class":42},[28,92314,41663],{"class":46},[28,92316,234],{"class":42},[28,92318,318],{"class":93},[28,92320,92321],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,92322,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,92324,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,92326,5734],{"class":3644},[28,92328,69327],{"class":34},[28,92330,3651],{"class":3644},[28,92332,53850],{"class":114},[28,92334,94],{"class":93},[28,92336,92272],{"class":120},[28,92338,8118],{"class":93},[28,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,92342,7844],{"class":114},[28,92344,94],{"class":93},[28,92346,35944],{"class":120},[28,92348,101],{"class":93},[14,92350,92351,92352,385],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[381,92353,50303,92354],{"href":50302},[25,92355,50306],{},[1109,92357,92359,92360,92362,92363],{"id":92358},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[25,92361,35862],{}," smaller than ",[25,92364,75205],{},[14,92366,92367],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[18,92369,92370],{"className":20,"code":91297,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92371,92372],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92373,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92375,115],{"class":114},[28,92377,94],{"class":93},[28,92379,7869],{"class":89},[28,92381,94],{"class":93},[28,92383,59779],{"class":114},[28,92385,94],{"class":93},[28,92387,2756],{"class":97},[28,92389,2759],{"class":93},[28,92391,4376],{"class":97},[28,92393,2759],{"class":93},[28,92395,1991],{"class":38},[28,92397,2756],{"class":97},[28,92399,2679],{"class":93},[14,92401,336],{},[18,92403,92404],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92405,92406],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92407,92408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92409,38089],{"class":93},[14,92411,92412],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1109,92414,25405,92416],{"id":92415},"trying-to-use-step-0",[25,92417,92418],{},"step = 0",[14,92420,77348],{},[18,92422,92424],{"className":20,"code":92423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[25,92425,92426],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92427,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92429,59779],{"class":114},[28,92431,94],{"class":93},[28,92433,2756],{"class":97},[28,92435,2759],{"class":93},[28,92437,5781],{"class":97},[28,92439,2759],{"class":93},[28,92441,3602],{"class":97},[28,92443,101],{"class":93},[14,92445,92446],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1109,92448,4476,92450,92452],{"id":92449},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[25,92451,35988],{}," is not a list",[14,92454,92455],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[18,92457,92459],{"className":20,"code":92458,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(range(5))\n",[25,92460,92461],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92462,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92464,115],{"class":114},[28,92466,94],{"class":93},[28,92468,59779],{"class":114},[28,92470,94],{"class":93},[28,92472,1905],{"class":97},[28,92474,318],{"class":93},[14,92476,336],{},[18,92478,92480],{"className":20,"code":92479,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(0, 5)\n",[25,92481,92482],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92483,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92485,59779],{"class":114},[28,92487,94],{"class":93},[28,92489,1888],{"class":97},[28,92491,2759],{"class":93},[28,92493,4376],{"class":97},[28,92495,101],{"class":93},[14,92497,92498],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[18,92500,92501],{"className":20,"code":90815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92502,92503],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92504,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92506,115],{"class":114},[28,92508,94],{"class":93},[28,92510,7869],{"class":89},[28,92512,94],{"class":93},[28,92514,59779],{"class":114},[28,92516,94],{"class":93},[28,92518,1905],{"class":97},[28,92520,2679],{"class":93},[14,92522,336],{},[18,92524,92525],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,92526,92527],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92528,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92530,3669],{"class":93},[28,92532,1888],{"class":97},[28,92534,2759],{"class":93},[28,92536,5273],{"class":97},[28,92538,2759],{"class":93},[28,92540,2762],{"class":97},[28,92542,2759],{"class":93},[28,92544,2221],{"class":97},[28,92546,2759],{"class":93},[28,92548,2226],{"class":97},[28,92550,3401],{"class":93},[172,92552,92554],{"id":92553},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92556,8653,92557,82118],{},[25,92558,35988],{},[18,92560,92562],{"className":20,"code":92561,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[25,92563,92564,92578,92596,92618,92646],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92565,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92567,115],{"class":114},[28,92569,94],{"class":93},[28,92571,59779],{"class":114},[28,92573,94],{"class":93},[28,92575,1905],{"class":97},[28,92577,318],{"class":93},[28,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,92581,115],{"class":114},[28,92583,94],{"class":93},[28,92585,7869],{"class":89},[28,92587,94],{"class":93},[28,92589,59779],{"class":114},[28,92591,94],{"class":93},[28,92593,1905],{"class":97},[28,92595,2679],{"class":93},[28,92597,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,92599,115],{"class":114},[28,92601,94],{"class":93},[28,92603,7869],{"class":89},[28,92605,94],{"class":93},[28,92607,59779],{"class":114},[28,92609,94],{"class":93},[28,92611,1825],{"class":97},[28,92613,2759],{"class":93},[28,92615,6136],{"class":97},[28,92617,2679],{"class":93},[28,92619,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,92621,115],{"class":114},[28,92623,94],{"class":93},[28,92625,7869],{"class":89},[28,92627,94],{"class":93},[28,92629,59779],{"class":114},[28,92631,94],{"class":93},[28,92633,2099],{"class":97},[28,92635,2759],{"class":93},[28,92637,3602],{"class":97},[28,92639,2759],{"class":93},[28,92641,1991],{"class":38},[28,92643,1825],{"class":97},[28,92645,2679],{"class":93},[28,92647,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,92649,115],{"class":114},[28,92651,94],{"class":93},[28,92653,311],{"class":89},[28,92655,94],{"class":93},[28,92657,59779],{"class":114},[28,92659,94],{"class":93},[28,92661,1905],{"class":97},[28,92663,2679],{"class":93},[14,92665,25797],{},[177,92667,92668,92671,92674],{},[180,92669,92670],{},"what values are being created",[180,92672,92673],{},"whether the direction is correct",[180,92675,92676,92677,24405],{},"whether you are working with a ",[25,92678,59779],{},[172,92680,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,92682,12487,92684,92686],{"id":92683},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[25,92685,35988],{}," include the last number?",[14,92688,92689],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1109,92691,4931,92693,92695,92696,2262],{"id":92692},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[25,92694,90622],{}," start at ",[25,92697,1888],{},[14,92699,92700,92701,385],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[25,92702,1888],{},[1109,92704,4943,92706,92708],{"id":92705},"can-range-count-backward",[25,92707,35988],{}," count backward?",[14,92710,92711,92712,385],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[25,92713,92714],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1109,92716,14689,92718,25832],{"id":92717},"is-range-a-list",[25,92719,35988],{},[14,92721,25835,92722,92724,92725,23726],{},[25,92723,59779],{}," object. Use ",[25,92726,92727],{},"list(range(...))",[1109,92729,4931,92731,48466],{"id":92730},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[25,92732,92733],{},"range(input())",[14,92735,92736,3250,92738,385],{},[25,92737,2725],{},[25,92739,92740],{},"int(input())",[172,92742,1662],{"id":1661},[177,92744,92745,92749,92755,92761,92767],{},[180,92746,92747],{},[381,92748,35818],{"href":35817},[180,92750,92751],{},[381,92752,858,92753,861],{"href":42148},[25,92754,42151],{},[180,92756,92757],{},[381,92758,858,92759,861],{"href":91791},[25,92760,35538],{},[180,92762,92763],{},[381,92764,37310,92765,36399],{"href":36395},[25,92766,35538],{},[180,92768,92769],{},[381,92770,50303,92771],{"href":50302},[25,92772,50306],{},[1699,92774,92775],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":92777},[92778,92779,92781,92787,92795,92802,92804,92816,92817,92829],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":90631,"depth":53,"text":92780},"What range() does",{"id":90724,"depth":53,"text":92782,"children":92783},"range() syntax",[92784,92785,92786],{"id":90804,"depth":70,"text":90807},{"id":90868,"depth":70,"text":90871},{"id":90936,"depth":70,"text":90939},{"id":91007,"depth":53,"text":91008,"children":92788},[92789,92790,92791,92792,92793],{"id":91014,"depth":70,"text":90622},{"id":91077,"depth":70,"text":91080},{"id":91141,"depth":70,"text":91144},{"id":91217,"depth":70,"text":91218},{"id":76592,"depth":70,"text":92794},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91376,"depth":53,"text":92796,"children":92797},"Using range() in a for loop",[92798,92799,92800],{"id":91478,"depth":70,"text":91479},{"id":91523,"depth":70,"text":91524},{"id":91603,"depth":70,"text":92801},"range() and indexing",{"id":91878,"depth":53,"text":92803},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":92805},[92806,92807,92809,92810,92812,92814],{"id":92061,"depth":70,"text":92062},{"id":92157,"depth":70,"text":92808},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92223,"depth":70,"text":92224},{"id":92358,"depth":70,"text":92811},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92415,"depth":70,"text":92813},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92449,"depth":70,"text":92815},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92553,"depth":53,"text":92554},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":92818},[92819,92821,92823,92825,92827],{"id":92683,"depth":70,"text":92820},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92692,"depth":70,"text":92822},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92705,"depth":70,"text":92824},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92717,"depth":70,"text":92826},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92730,"depth":70,"text":92828},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90525,"description":92830},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92837,"title":92838,"body":92839,"description":94512,"extension":1730,"meta":94513,"navigation":107,"path":94514,"seo":94515,"stem":94516,"__hash__":94517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92840,"toc":94485},[92841,92850,92857,92874,92890,92892,92941,92949,92953,92956,92976,92978,93042,93044,93087,93090,93136,93138,93171,93181,93187,93195,93212,93214,93245,93247,93272,93277,93288,93291,93361,93363,93394,93399,93404,93421,93423,93474,93476,93509,93512,93519,93524,93528,93544,93546,93590,93592,93638,93641,93654,93659,93663,93677,93679,93730,93732,93765,93770,93772,93779,93781,93804,93806,93871,93873,93890,93893,93926,93928,93956,93966,93973,93977,93980,93998,94001,94029,94032,94050,94055,94061,94064,94086,94088,94116,94118,94121,94146,94149,94262,94264,94343,94345,94351,94356,94364,94372,94376,94379,94381,94414,94416,94424,94430,94437,94444,94447,94449,94482],[10,92842,858,92844,10365,92846,92849],{"id":92843},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[25,92845,35988],{},[25,92847,92848],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92851,92852,1323,92854,92856],{},[25,92853,35988],{},[25,92855,92848],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[177,92858,92859,92867],{},[180,92860,92861,92863,92864],{},[25,92862,35988],{}," creates a ",[163,92865,92866],{},"range object",[180,92868,92869,92863,92871],{},[25,92870,92848],{},[163,92872,92873],{},"real list",[14,92875,92876,92877,92879,92880,92883,92884,92886,92887,92889],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[25,92878,90622],{}," to behave exactly like ",[25,92881,92882],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[25,92885,35988],{}," for looping, and only use ",[25,92888,92848],{}," when you actually need a list.",[172,92891,3373],{"id":3372},[18,92893,92895],{"className":20,"code":92894,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,92896,92897,92911,92924],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92898,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92900,3383],{"class":34},[28,92902,39],{"class":38},[28,92904,53850],{"class":114},[28,92906,94],{"class":93},[28,92908,1905],{"class":97},[28,92910,101],{"class":93},[28,92912,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,92914,115],{"class":114},[28,92916,94],{"class":93},[28,92918,3415],{"class":120},[28,92920,3428],{"class":93},[28,92922,92923],{"class":1006},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[28,92925,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,92927,115],{"class":114},[28,92929,94],{"class":93},[28,92931,7869],{"class":89},[28,92933,94],{"class":93},[28,92935,3415],{"class":120},[28,92937,5136],{"class":93},[28,92939,92940],{"class":1006},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92942,1631,92943,92945,92946,92948],{},[25,92944,35988],{}," for looping. Use ",[25,92947,92848],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[172,92950,92952],{"id":92951},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92954,92955],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[177,92957,92958,92965,92970,92973],{},[180,92959,92960,21762,92962,92964],{},[25,92961,35988],{},[163,92963,92866],{},", not a list",[180,92966,92967,92969],{},[25,92968,92848],{}," converts that range object into a list",[180,92971,92972],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[180,92974,92975],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92977,924],{},[18,92979,92981],{"className":20,"code":92980,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[25,92982,92983,92998,93017,93021,93031],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,92984,92985,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,92986,92987],{"class":34},"r ",[28,92989,39],{"class":38},[28,92991,53850],{"class":114},[28,92993,94],{"class":93},[28,92995,1905],{"class":97},[28,92997,101],{"class":93},[28,92999,93000,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93001,93002],{"class":34},"lst ",[28,93004,39],{"class":38},[28,93006,22347],{"class":89},[28,93008,94],{"class":93},[28,93010,59779],{"class":114},[28,93012,94],{"class":93},[28,93014,1905],{"class":97},[28,93016,318],{"class":93},[28,93018,93019],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93020,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,93022,93023,93025,93027,93029],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93024,115],{"class":114},[28,93026,94],{"class":93},[28,93028,60286],{"class":120},[28,93030,101],{"class":93},[28,93032,93033,93035,93037,93040],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,93034,115],{"class":114},[28,93036,94],{"class":93},[28,93038,93039],{"class":120},"lst",[28,93041,101],{"class":93},[14,93043,336],{},[18,93045,93047],{"className":20,"code":93046,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,93048,93049,93063],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93050,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93052,59779],{"class":114},[28,93054,94],{"class":93},[28,93056,1888],{"class":97},[28,93058,2759],{"class":93},[28,93060,4376],{"class":97},[28,93062,101],{"class":93},[28,93064,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93066,3669],{"class":93},[28,93068,1888],{"class":97},[28,93070,2759],{"class":93},[28,93072,5273],{"class":97},[28,93074,2759],{"class":93},[28,93076,2762],{"class":97},[28,93078,2759],{"class":93},[28,93080,2221],{"class":97},[28,93082,2759],{"class":93},[28,93084,2226],{"class":97},[28,93086,3401],{"class":93},[14,93088,93089],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[18,93091,93093],{"className":20,"code":93092,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[25,93094,93095,93113],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93096,93097,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93098,115],{"class":114},[28,93100,94],{"class":93},[28,93102,311],{"class":89},[28,93104,94],{"class":93},[28,93106,59779],{"class":114},[28,93108,94],{"class":93},[28,93110,1905],{"class":97},[28,93112,2679],{"class":93},[28,93114,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131,93133],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93116,115],{"class":114},[28,93118,94],{"class":93},[28,93120,311],{"class":89},[28,93122,94],{"class":93},[28,93124,7869],{"class":89},[28,93126,94],{"class":93},[28,93128,59779],{"class":114},[28,93130,94],{"class":93},[28,93132,1905],{"class":97},[28,93134,93135],{"class":93},"))))\n",[14,93137,336],{},[18,93139,93141],{"className":20,"code":93140,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[25,93142,93143,93157],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93144,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93146,346],{"class":38},[28,93148,350],{"class":349},[28,93150,61],{"class":42},[28,93152,59779],{"class":46},[28,93154,358],{"class":42},[28,93156,361],{"class":38},[28,93158,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93160,346],{"class":38},[28,93162,350],{"class":349},[28,93164,61],{"class":42},[28,93166,7869],{"class":46},[28,93168,358],{"class":42},[28,93170,361],{"class":38},[14,93172,93173,93174,93176,93177,385],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[25,93175,35988],{}," works, see ",[381,93178,858,93179,861],{"href":92832},[25,93180,35988],{},[172,93182,3445,93184,93186],{"id":93183},"what-range-gives-you",[25,93185,35988],{}," gives you",[14,93188,93189,93191,93192,93194],{},[25,93190,35988],{}," is most often used in ",[25,93193,5734],{}," loops.",[177,93196,93197,93200,93203,93206],{},[180,93198,93199],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[180,93201,93202],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[180,93204,93205],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[180,93207,93208,93209],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[25,93210,93211],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93213,924],{},[18,93215,93217],{"className":20,"code":93216,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[25,93218,93219,93235],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93220,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93222,5734],{"class":3644},[28,93224,69327],{"class":34},[28,93226,3651],{"class":3644},[28,93228,53850],{"class":114},[28,93230,94],{"class":93},[28,93232,1905],{"class":97},[28,93234,8118],{"class":93},[28,93236,93237,93239,93241,93243],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93238,7844],{"class":114},[28,93240,94],{"class":93},[28,93242,35944],{"class":120},[28,93244,101],{"class":93},[14,93246,336],{},[18,93248,93250],{"className":20,"code":93249,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[25,93251,93252,93256,93260,93264,93268],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93253,93254],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93255,47035],{"class":97},[28,93257,93258],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93259,46700],{"class":97},[28,93261,93262],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93263,16842],{"class":97},[28,93265,93266],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93267,46400],{"class":97},[28,93269,93270],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,93271,48432],{"class":97},[14,93273,20559,93274,93276],{},[25,93275,90622],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93278,93279,93280,93282,93283,385],{},"This is one reason ",[25,93281,35988],{}," is so common with ",[381,93284,858,93286,90653],{"href":93285},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[25,93287,5734],{},[14,93289,93290],{},"You can also inspect it:",[18,93292,93294],{"className":20,"code":93293,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[25,93295,93296,93318,93322,93332,93346],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93297,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93299,92987],{"class":34},[28,93301,39],{"class":38},[28,93303,53850],{"class":114},[28,93305,94],{"class":93},[28,93307,1825],{"class":97},[28,93309,2759],{"class":93},[28,93311,5781],{"class":97},[28,93313,2759],{"class":93},[28,93315,2762],{"class":97},[28,93317,101],{"class":93},[28,93319,93320],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93321,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,93323,93324,93326,93328,93330],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93325,115],{"class":114},[28,93327,94],{"class":93},[28,93329,60286],{"class":120},[28,93331,101],{"class":93},[28,93333,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93335,115],{"class":114},[28,93337,94],{"class":93},[28,93339,10941],{"class":114},[28,93341,94],{"class":93},[28,93343,60286],{"class":120},[28,93345,318],{"class":93},[28,93347,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93359],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,93349,115],{"class":114},[28,93351,94],{"class":93},[28,93353,80372],{"class":97},[28,93355,20961],{"class":3644},[28,93357,93358],{"class":120}," r",[28,93360,101],{"class":93},[14,93362,336],{},[18,93364,93366],{"className":20,"code":93365,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[25,93367,93368,93386,93390],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93369,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93371,59779],{"class":114},[28,93373,94],{"class":93},[28,93375,1825],{"class":97},[28,93377,2759],{"class":93},[28,93379,5781],{"class":97},[28,93381,2759],{"class":93},[28,93383,2762],{"class":97},[28,93385,101],{"class":93},[28,93387,93388],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93389,48432],{"class":97},[28,93391,93392],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93393,3749],{"class":776},[172,93395,3445,93397,93186],{"id":93396},"what-listrange-gives-you",[25,93398,92848],{},[14,93400,93401,93403],{},[25,93402,92848],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[177,93405,93406,93409,93412,93415],{},[180,93407,93408],{},"It creates all values at once",[180,93410,93411],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[180,93413,93414],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[180,93416,93417,93418,93420],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[25,93419,35988],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93422,924],{},[18,93424,93426],{"className":20,"code":93425,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[25,93427,93428,93446,93450,93460],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93431,3383],{"class":34},[28,93433,39],{"class":38},[28,93435,22347],{"class":89},[28,93437,94],{"class":93},[28,93439,59779],{"class":114},[28,93441,94],{"class":93},[28,93443,1905],{"class":97},[28,93445,318],{"class":93},[28,93447,93448],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93449,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,93451,93452,93454,93456,93458],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93453,115],{"class":114},[28,93455,94],{"class":93},[28,93457,3415],{"class":120},[28,93459,101],{"class":93},[28,93461,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93463,115],{"class":114},[28,93465,94],{"class":93},[28,93467,3415],{"class":120},[28,93469,3669],{"class":93},[28,93471,1825],{"class":97},[28,93473,3657],{"class":93},[14,93475,336],{},[18,93477,93479],{"className":20,"code":93478,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[25,93480,93481,93505],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93482,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93484,3669],{"class":93},[28,93486,1888],{"class":97},[28,93488,2759],{"class":93},[28,93490,5273],{"class":97},[28,93492,2759],{"class":93},[28,93494,2762],{"class":97},[28,93496,2759],{"class":93},[28,93498,2221],{"class":97},[28,93500,2759],{"class":93},[28,93502,2226],{"class":97},[28,93504,3401],{"class":93},[28,93506,93507],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93508,16842],{"class":97},[14,93510,93511],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93513,93514,93515,385],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[381,93516,858,93517,861],{"href":64626},[25,93518,24569],{},[172,93520,4734,93522],{"id":93521},"when-to-use-range",[25,93523,35988],{},[14,93525,1631,93526,10381],{},[25,93527,35988],{},[177,93529,93530,93535,93538,93541],{},[180,93531,93532,93533,91382],{},"You are writing a ",[25,93534,5734],{},[180,93536,93537],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[180,93539,93540],{},"You are working with large sequences",[180,93542,93543],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93545,924],{},[18,93547,93549],{"className":20,"code":93548,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[25,93550,93551,93571],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93552,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93554,5734],{"class":3644},[28,93556,69327],{"class":34},[28,93558,3651],{"class":3644},[28,93560,53850],{"class":114},[28,93562,94],{"class":93},[28,93564,2756],{"class":97},[28,93566,2759],{"class":93},[28,93568,37435],{"class":97},[28,93570,8118],{"class":93},[28,93572,93573,93575,93577,93579,93582,93584,93586,93588],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93574,7844],{"class":114},[28,93576,94],{"class":93},[28,93578,234],{"class":42},[28,93580,93581],{"class":46},"Count:",[28,93583,234],{"class":42},[28,93585,2759],{"class":93},[28,93587,35919],{"class":120},[28,93589,101],{"class":93},[14,93591,336],{},[18,93593,93595],{"className":20,"code":93594,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[25,93596,93597,93606,93614,93622,93630],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93598,93599,93602,93604],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93600,93601],{"class":34},"Count",[28,93603,271],{"class":93},[28,93605,29405],{"class":97},[28,93607,93608,93610,93612],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93609,93601],{"class":34},[28,93611,271],{"class":93},[28,93613,45377],{"class":97},[28,93615,93616,93618,93620],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93617,93601],{"class":34},[28,93619,271],{"class":93},[28,93621,2347],{"class":97},[28,93623,93624,93626,93628],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93625,93601],{"class":34},[28,93627,271],{"class":93},[28,93629,23451],{"class":97},[28,93631,93632,93634,93636],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,93633,93601],{"class":34},[28,93635,271],{"class":93},[28,93637,34632],{"class":97},[14,93639,93640],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93642,93643,93644,93646,93647,62067,93649,385],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[25,93645,35538],{}," is often a better choice than ",[25,93648,36389],{},[381,93650,36396,93652,36399],{"href":93651},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[25,93653,35538],{},[172,93655,4734,93657],{"id":93656},"when-to-use-listrange",[25,93658,92848],{},[14,93660,1631,93661,10381],{},[25,93662,92848],{},[177,93664,93665,93668,93671,93674],{},[180,93666,93667],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[180,93669,93670],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[180,93672,93673],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[180,93675,93676],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93678,924],{},[18,93680,93682],{"className":20,"code":93681,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,93683,93684,93702,93716,93720],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93685,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93687,3383],{"class":34},[28,93689,39],{"class":38},[28,93691,22347],{"class":89},[28,93693,94],{"class":93},[28,93695,59779],{"class":114},[28,93697,94],{"class":93},[28,93699,1905],{"class":97},[28,93701,318],{"class":93},[28,93703,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93705,3415],{"class":34},[28,93707,385],{"class":93},[28,93709,13338],{"class":120},[28,93711,94],{"class":93},[28,93713,1905],{"class":97},[28,93715,101],{"class":93},[28,93717,93718],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93719,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93723,115],{"class":114},[28,93725,94],{"class":93},[28,93727,3415],{"class":120},[28,93729,101],{"class":93},[14,93731,336],{},[18,93733,93735],{"className":20,"code":93734,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[25,93736,93737],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93738,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93740,3669],{"class":93},[28,93742,1888],{"class":97},[28,93744,2759],{"class":93},[28,93746,5273],{"class":97},[28,93748,2759],{"class":93},[28,93750,2762],{"class":97},[28,93752,2759],{"class":93},[28,93754,2221],{"class":97},[28,93756,2759],{"class":93},[28,93758,2226],{"class":97},[28,93760,2759],{"class":93},[28,93762,4376],{"class":97},[28,93764,3401],{"class":93},[14,93766,5837,93767,93769],{},[25,93768,3415],{}," is a list.",[172,93771,15381],{"id":15380},[14,93773,93774,93776,93777,385],{},[25,93775,35988],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[163,93778,37389],{},[14,93780,1875],{},[177,93782,93783,93785,93790,93795,93798],{},[180,93784,21772],{},[180,93786,93787,93788],{},"You can check its length with ",[25,93789,42151],{},[180,93791,93792,93793],{},"You can test membership with ",[25,93794,3651],{},[180,93796,93797],{},"You can index it",[180,93799,93800,93801,93803],{},"But list methods such as ",[25,93802,52432],{}," do not work on it",[14,93805,924],{},[18,93807,93809],{"className":20,"code":93808,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[25,93810,93811,93825,93829,93843,93857],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93812,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93814,92987],{"class":34},[28,93816,39],{"class":38},[28,93818,53850],{"class":114},[28,93820,94],{"class":93},[28,93822,1905],{"class":97},[28,93824,101],{"class":93},[28,93826,93827],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93828,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,93830,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93832,115],{"class":114},[28,93834,94],{"class":93},[28,93836,60286],{"class":120},[28,93838,3669],{"class":93},[28,93840,1825],{"class":97},[28,93842,3657],{"class":93},[28,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,93846,115],{"class":114},[28,93848,94],{"class":93},[28,93850,10941],{"class":114},[28,93852,94],{"class":93},[28,93854,60286],{"class":120},[28,93856,318],{"class":93},[28,93858,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,93860,115],{"class":114},[28,93862,94],{"class":93},[28,93864,1831],{"class":97},[28,93866,20961],{"class":3644},[28,93868,93358],{"class":120},[28,93870,101],{"class":93},[14,93872,336],{},[18,93874,93876],{"className":20,"code":93875,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[25,93877,93878,93882,93886],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93879,93880],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93881,16842],{"class":97},[28,93883,93884],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93885,2714],{"class":97},[28,93887,93888],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,93889,3749],{"class":776},[14,93891,93892],{},"Now compare that with this:",[18,93894,93896],{"className":20,"code":93895,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[25,93897,93898,93912],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93899,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93901,92987],{"class":34},[28,93903,39],{"class":38},[28,93905,53850],{"class":114},[28,93907,94],{"class":93},[28,93909,1905],{"class":97},[28,93911,101],{"class":93},[28,93913,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,93915,60286],{"class":34},[28,93917,385],{"class":93},[28,93919,13338],{"class":120},[28,93921,94],{"class":93},[28,93923,1905],{"class":97},[28,93925,101],{"class":93},[14,93927,336],{},[18,93929,93931],{"className":20,"code":93930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[25,93932,93933],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93934,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947,93950,93952,93954],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93936,25460],{"class":89},[28,93938,271],{"class":93},[28,93940,61],{"class":42},[28,93942,59779],{"class":46},[28,93944,358],{"class":42},[28,93946,24405],{"class":89},[28,93948,93949],{"class":34}," has no attribute ",[28,93951,358],{"class":42},[28,93953,13338],{"class":46},[28,93955,67],{"class":42},[14,93957,93958,93959,1959,93961,1963,93963,93965],{},"If you need methods like ",[25,93960,52432],{},[25,93962,55309],{},[25,93964,64091],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93967,93968,93969,385],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[381,93970,25468,93971],{"href":35208},[25,93972,34047],{},[172,93974,93976],{"id":93975},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93978,93979],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[18,93981,93982],{"className":20,"code":92458,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,93983,93984],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,93985,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,93987,115],{"class":114},[28,93989,94],{"class":93},[28,93991,59779],{"class":114},[28,93993,94],{"class":93},[28,93995,1905],{"class":97},[28,93997,318],{"class":93},[14,93999,94000],{},"to show:",[18,94002,94003],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,94004,94005],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94006,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94008,3669],{"class":93},[28,94010,1888],{"class":97},[28,94012,2759],{"class":93},[28,94014,5273],{"class":97},[28,94016,2759],{"class":93},[28,94018,2762],{"class":97},[28,94020,2759],{"class":93},[28,94022,2221],{"class":97},[28,94024,2759],{"class":93},[28,94026,2226],{"class":97},[28,94028,3401],{"class":93},[14,94030,94031],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[18,94033,94034],{"className":20,"code":92479,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,94035,94036],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94037,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94039,59779],{"class":114},[28,94041,94],{"class":93},[28,94043,1888],{"class":97},[28,94045,2759],{"class":93},[28,94047,4376],{"class":97},[28,94049,101],{"class":93},[14,94051,4399,94052,94054],{},[163,94053,4402],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94056,94057,94058,94060],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[163,94059,92866],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94062,94063],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[18,94065,94066],{"className":20,"code":90815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,94067,94068],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94069,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94071,115],{"class":114},[28,94073,94],{"class":93},[28,94075,7869],{"class":89},[28,94077,94],{"class":93},[28,94079,59779],{"class":114},[28,94081,94],{"class":93},[28,94083,1905],{"class":97},[28,94085,2679],{"class":93},[14,94087,336],{},[18,94089,94090],{"className":20,"code":59802,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,94091,94092],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94093,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94095,3669],{"class":93},[28,94097,1888],{"class":97},[28,94099,2759],{"class":93},[28,94101,5273],{"class":97},[28,94103,2759],{"class":93},[28,94105,2762],{"class":97},[28,94107,2759],{"class":93},[28,94109,2221],{"class":97},[28,94111,2759],{"class":93},[28,94113,2226],{"class":97},[28,94115,3401],{"class":93},[172,94117,1104],{"id":1103},[14,94119,94120],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[177,94122,94123,94129,94132,94138],{},[180,94124,8194,94125,94128],{},[25,94126,94127],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[180,94130,94131],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[180,94133,94134,94135,94137],{},"Not realizing that ",[25,94136,35988],{}," is iterable but not a list",[180,94139,8194,94140,94142,94143,94145],{},[25,94141,92848],{}," when plain ",[25,94144,35988],{}," would be simpler",[14,94147,94148],{},"These quick checks can help:",[18,94150,94152],{"className":20,"code":94151,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[25,94153,94154,94168,94186,94204,94226,94244],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94155,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94157,115],{"class":114},[28,94159,94],{"class":93},[28,94161,59779],{"class":114},[28,94163,94],{"class":93},[28,94165,1905],{"class":97},[28,94167,318],{"class":93},[28,94169,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94171,115],{"class":114},[28,94173,94],{"class":93},[28,94175,7869],{"class":89},[28,94177,94],{"class":93},[28,94179,59779],{"class":114},[28,94181,94],{"class":93},[28,94183,1905],{"class":97},[28,94185,2679],{"class":93},[28,94187,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,94189,115],{"class":114},[28,94191,94],{"class":93},[28,94193,311],{"class":89},[28,94195,94],{"class":93},[28,94197,59779],{"class":114},[28,94199,94],{"class":93},[28,94201,1905],{"class":97},[28,94203,2679],{"class":93},[28,94205,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,94207,115],{"class":114},[28,94209,94],{"class":93},[28,94211,311],{"class":89},[28,94213,94],{"class":93},[28,94215,7869],{"class":89},[28,94217,94],{"class":93},[28,94219,59779],{"class":114},[28,94221,94],{"class":93},[28,94223,1905],{"class":97},[28,94225,93135],{"class":93},[28,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,94229,115],{"class":114},[28,94231,94],{"class":93},[28,94233,1831],{"class":97},[28,94235,20961],{"class":3644},[28,94237,53850],{"class":114},[28,94239,94],{"class":93},[28,94241,1905],{"class":97},[28,94243,318],{"class":93},[28,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,94247,115],{"class":114},[28,94249,94],{"class":93},[28,94251,10941],{"class":114},[28,94253,94],{"class":93},[28,94255,59779],{"class":114},[28,94257,94],{"class":93},[28,94259,1905],{"class":97},[28,94261,2679],{"class":93},[14,94263,336],{},[18,94265,94267],{"className":20,"code":94266,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[25,94268,94269,94283,94307,94321,94335,94339],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94270,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94272,59779],{"class":114},[28,94274,94],{"class":93},[28,94276,1888],{"class":97},[28,94278,2759],{"class":93},[28,94280,4376],{"class":97},[28,94282,101],{"class":93},[28,94284,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301,94303,94305],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94286,3669],{"class":93},[28,94288,1888],{"class":97},[28,94290,2759],{"class":93},[28,94292,5273],{"class":97},[28,94294,2759],{"class":93},[28,94296,2762],{"class":97},[28,94298,2759],{"class":93},[28,94300,2221],{"class":97},[28,94302,2759],{"class":93},[28,94304,2226],{"class":97},[28,94306,3401],{"class":93},[28,94308,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,94310,346],{"class":38},[28,94312,350],{"class":349},[28,94314,61],{"class":42},[28,94316,59779],{"class":46},[28,94318,358],{"class":42},[28,94320,361],{"class":38},[28,94322,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,94324,346],{"class":38},[28,94326,350],{"class":349},[28,94328,61],{"class":42},[28,94330,7869],{"class":46},[28,94332,358],{"class":42},[28,94334,361],{"class":38},[28,94336,94337],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,94338,3749],{"class":776},[28,94340,94341],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,94342,2714],{"class":97},[172,94344,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,94346,14689,94348,94350],{"id":94347},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[25,94349,35988],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94352,46150,94353,94355],{},[25,94354,35988],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1109,94357,94359,94360,10871,94362,2262],{"id":94358},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[25,94361,35988],{},[25,94363,92848],{},[14,94365,94366,94368,94369,94371],{},[25,94367,35988],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[25,94370,92848],{}," creates a full list.",[1109,94373,94375],{"id":94374},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94377,94378],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94380,924],{},[18,94382,94384],{"className":20,"code":94383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[25,94385,94386,94400],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94387,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94389,92987],{"class":34},[28,94391,39],{"class":38},[28,94393,53850],{"class":114},[28,94395,94],{"class":93},[28,94397,1905],{"class":97},[28,94399,101],{"class":93},[28,94401,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94403,115],{"class":114},[28,94405,94],{"class":93},[28,94407,60286],{"class":120},[28,94409,3669],{"class":93},[28,94411,2756],{"class":97},[28,94413,3657],{"class":93},[14,94415,336],{},[18,94417,94418],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,94419,94420],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94421,94422],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94423,46700],{"class":97},[1109,94425,4931,94427,94429],{"id":94426},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[25,94428,94127],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94431,94432,94433,94436],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[25,94434,94435],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1109,94438,94440,94441,94443],{"id":94439},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[25,94442,35988],{}," to a list?",[14,94445,94446],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[172,94448,1662],{"id":1661},[177,94450,94451,94457,94463,94470,94476],{},[180,94452,94453],{},[381,94454,858,94455,861],{"href":92832},[25,94456,35988],{},[180,94458,94459],{},[381,94460,858,94461,861],{"href":64626},[25,94462,24569],{},[180,94464,94465],{},[381,94466,858,94467,94469],{"href":93285},[25,94468,5734],{}," loops explained",[180,94471,94472],{},[381,94473,37310,94474,36399],{"href":93651},[25,94475,35538],{},[180,94477,94478],{},[381,94479,25911,94480],{"href":35208},[25,94481,34047],{},[1699,94483,94484],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":94486},[94487,94488,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94498,94499,94500,94511],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":92951,"depth":53,"text":92952},{"id":93183,"depth":53,"text":94490},"What range() gives you",{"id":93396,"depth":53,"text":94492},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93521,"depth":53,"text":94494},"When to use range()",{"id":93656,"depth":53,"text":94496},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15380,"depth":53,"text":15381},{"id":93975,"depth":53,"text":93976},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":94501},[94502,94504,94506,94507,94509],{"id":94347,"depth":70,"text":94503},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94358,"depth":70,"text":94505},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94374,"depth":70,"text":94375},{"id":94426,"depth":70,"text":94508},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94439,"depth":70,"text":94510},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92838,"description":94512},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94519,"title":94520,"body":94521,"description":95957,"extension":1730,"meta":95958,"navigation":107,"path":95959,"seo":95960,"stem":95961,"__hash__":95962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94522,"toc":95923},[94523,94529,94534,94537,94551,94554,94556,94595,94597,94610,94618,94623,94639,94642,94644,94646,94667,94684,94687,94746,94748,94767,94772,94778,94781,94815,94817,94830,94833,94878,94880,94903,94910,94916,94919,94960,94962,94976,94979,95037,95039,95054,95067,95073,95079,95144,95146,95165,95167,95185,95188,95192,95198,95200,95233,95235,95248,95258,95261,95322,95324,95345,95348,95350,95366,95371,95375,95380,95385,95441,95443,95461,95464,95509,95511,95519,95524,95528,95542,95544,95576,95578,95587,95589,95593,95602,95605,95637,95639,95651,95654,95658,95663,95704,95706,95714,95717,95740,95744,95746,95755,95758,95811,95813,95822,95826,95831,95842,95844,95853,95856,95862,95865,95871,95881,95889,95896,95898,95920],[10,94524,858,94526,3344],{"id":94525},"python-round-function-explained",[25,94527,94528],{},"round()",[14,94530,8901,94531,94533],{},[25,94532,94528],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94535,94536],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[177,94538,94539,94545],{},[180,94540,94541,94544],{},[25,94542,94543],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[180,94546,94547,94550],{},[25,94548,94549],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94552,94553],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[172,94555,1771],{"id":1770},[18,94557,94559],{"className":20,"code":94558,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[25,94560,94561,94577],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94562,94563,94565,94567,94570,94572,94575],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94564,115],{"class":114},[28,94566,94],{"class":93},[28,94568,94569],{"class":114},"round",[28,94571,94],{"class":93},[28,94573,94574],{"class":97},"3.14159",[28,94576,318],{"class":93},[28,94578,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94580,115],{"class":114},[28,94582,94],{"class":93},[28,94584,94569],{"class":114},[28,94586,94],{"class":93},[28,94588,94574],{"class":97},[28,94590,2759],{"class":93},[28,94592,2762],{"class":97},[28,94594,318],{"class":93},[14,94596,336],{},[18,94598,94600],{"className":20,"code":94599,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3\n3.14\n",[25,94601,94602,94606],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94603,94604],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94605,46400],{"class":97},[28,94607,94608],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94609,39969],{"class":97},[14,94611,1631,94612,94614,94615,94617],{},[25,94613,94543],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[25,94616,94549],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[172,94619,3445,94621,3448],{"id":94620},"what-round-does",[25,94622,94528],{},[177,94624,94625,94630,94633,94636],{},[180,94626,94627,94629],{},[25,94628,94528],{}," is a built-in Python function",[180,94631,94632],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[180,94634,94635],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[180,94637,94638],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94640,94641],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[172,94643,1927],{"id":1926},[14,94645,1930],{},[18,94647,94649],{"className":20,"code":94648,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[25,94650,94651],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94652,94653,94655,94657,94659,94662,94665],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94654,94569],{"class":114},[28,94656,94],{"class":93},[28,94658,331],{"class":120},[28,94660,94661],{"class":93},"[,",[28,94663,94664],{"class":120}," ndigits",[28,94666,3657],{"class":93},[177,94668,94669,94674,94679],{},[180,94670,94671,94673],{},[25,94672,331],{}," is the value to round",[180,94675,94676,19827],{},[25,94677,94678],{},"ndigits",[180,94680,94681,94683],{},[25,94682,94678],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94685,94686],{},"Basic examples:",[18,94688,94690],{"className":20,"code":94689,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[25,94691,94692,94707,94725],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94693,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702,94705],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94695,115],{"class":114},[28,94697,94],{"class":93},[28,94699,94569],{"class":114},[28,94701,94],{"class":93},[28,94703,94704],{"class":97},"7.8",[28,94706,318],{"class":93},[28,94708,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94710,115],{"class":114},[28,94712,94],{"class":93},[28,94714,94569],{"class":114},[28,94716,94],{"class":93},[28,94718,94704],{"class":97},[28,94720,2759],{"class":93},[28,94722,5273],{"class":97},[28,94724,318],{"class":93},[28,94726,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94738,94740,94742,94744],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,94728,115],{"class":114},[28,94730,94],{"class":93},[28,94732,94569],{"class":114},[28,94734,94],{"class":93},[28,94736,94737],{"class":97},"1234",[28,94739,2759],{"class":93},[28,94741,1991],{"class":38},[28,94743,1825],{"class":97},[28,94745,318],{"class":93},[14,94747,336],{},[18,94749,94751],{"className":20,"code":94750,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[25,94752,94753,94757,94762],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94754,94755],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94756,2150],{"class":97},[28,94758,94759],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94760,94761],{"class":97},"7.8\n",[28,94763,94764],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,94765,94766],{"class":97},"1200\n",[14,94768,94769,94770,385],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[381,94771,2189],{"href":2188},[172,94773,8194,94775,94777],{"id":94774},"using-round-with-one-argument",[25,94776,94528],{}," with one argument",[14,94779,94780],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[18,94782,94784],{"className":20,"code":94783,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[25,94785,94786,94800],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94787,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94789,115],{"class":114},[28,94791,94],{"class":93},[28,94793,94569],{"class":114},[28,94795,94],{"class":93},[28,94797,2131],{"class":97},[28,94799,318],{"class":93},[28,94801,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810,94813],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94803,115],{"class":114},[28,94805,94],{"class":93},[28,94807,94569],{"class":114},[28,94809,94],{"class":93},[28,94811,94812],{"class":97},"4.8",[28,94814,318],{"class":93},[14,94816,336],{},[18,94818,94820],{"className":20,"code":94819,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"4\n5\n",[25,94821,94822,94826],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94823,94824],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94825,48432],{"class":97},[28,94827,94828],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94829,2714],{"class":97},[14,94831,94832],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[18,94834,94836],{"className":20,"code":94835,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,94837,94838,94854,94864],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94839,94840,94842,94844,94847,94849,94852],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94841,1999],{"class":34},[28,94843,39],{"class":38},[28,94845,94846],{"class":114}," round",[28,94848,94],{"class":93},[28,94850,94851],{"class":97},"10.2",[28,94853,101],{"class":93},[28,94855,94856,94858,94860,94862],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94857,115],{"class":114},[28,94859,94],{"class":93},[28,94861,2033],{"class":120},[28,94863,101],{"class":93},[28,94865,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,94867,115],{"class":114},[28,94869,94],{"class":93},[28,94871,311],{"class":89},[28,94873,94],{"class":93},[28,94875,2033],{"class":120},[28,94877,318],{"class":93},[14,94879,336],{},[18,94881,94883],{"className":20,"code":94882,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,94884,94885,94889],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94886,94887],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94888,2145],{"class":97},[28,94890,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94892,346],{"class":38},[28,94894,350],{"class":349},[28,94896,61],{"class":42},[28,94898,372],{"class":46},[28,94900,358],{"class":42},[28,94902,361],{"class":38},[14,94904,94905,94906,385],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[381,94907,858,94908,861],{"href":2642},[25,94909,2645],{},[172,94911,8194,94913,94915],{"id":94912},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[25,94914,94528],{}," with decimal places",[14,94917,94918],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[18,94920,94922],{"className":20,"code":94921,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[25,94923,94924,94942],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94925,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94927,115],{"class":114},[28,94929,94],{"class":93},[28,94931,94569],{"class":114},[28,94933,94],{"class":93},[28,94935,94574],{"class":97},[28,94937,2759],{"class":93},[28,94939,2762],{"class":97},[28,94941,318],{"class":93},[28,94943,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94945,115],{"class":114},[28,94947,94],{"class":93},[28,94949,94569],{"class":114},[28,94951,94],{"class":93},[28,94953,94574],{"class":97},[28,94955,2759],{"class":93},[28,94957,2221],{"class":97},[28,94959,318],{"class":93},[14,94961,336],{},[18,94963,94965],{"className":20,"code":94964,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3.14\n3.142\n",[25,94966,94967,94971],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94968,94969],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94970,39969],{"class":97},[28,94972,94973],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94974,94975],{"class":97},"3.142\n",[14,94977,94978],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[18,94980,94982],{"className":20,"code":94981,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[25,94983,94984,94993,95012,95016,95026],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,94985,94986,94988,94990],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,94987,40179],{"class":34},[28,94989,39],{"class":38},[28,94991,94992],{"class":97}," 19.9876\n",[28,94994,94995,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,94996,94997],{"class":34},"rounded_price ",[28,94999,39],{"class":38},[28,95001,94846],{"class":114},[28,95003,94],{"class":93},[28,95005,24938],{"class":120},[28,95007,2759],{"class":93},[28,95009,2762],{"class":97},[28,95011,101],{"class":93},[28,95013,95014],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95015,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,95017,95018,95020,95022,95024],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95019,115],{"class":114},[28,95021,94],{"class":93},[28,95023,24938],{"class":120},[28,95025,101],{"class":93},[28,95027,95028,95030,95032,95035],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,95029,115],{"class":114},[28,95031,94],{"class":93},[28,95033,95034],{"class":120},"rounded_price",[28,95036,101],{"class":93},[14,95038,336],{},[18,95040,95042],{"className":20,"code":95041,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[25,95043,95044,95049],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95045,95046],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95047,95048],{"class":97},"19.9876\n",[28,95050,95051],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95052,95053],{"class":97},"19.99\n",[14,95055,95056,95057,95060,95061,474,95063,385],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[25,95058,95059],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[381,95062,40684],{"href":40683},[381,95064,858,95065,861],{"href":2648},[25,95066,2651],{},[172,95068,95070,95071],{"id":95069},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[25,95072,94678],{},[14,95074,95075,95076,95078],{},"A negative ",[25,95077,94678],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[18,95080,95082],{"className":20,"code":95081,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[25,95083,95084,95104,95124],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95085,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100,95102],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95087,115],{"class":114},[28,95089,94],{"class":93},[28,95091,94569],{"class":114},[28,95093,94],{"class":93},[28,95095,94737],{"class":97},[28,95097,2759],{"class":93},[28,95099,1991],{"class":38},[28,95101,2756],{"class":97},[28,95103,318],{"class":93},[28,95105,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120,95122],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95107,115],{"class":114},[28,95109,94],{"class":93},[28,95111,94569],{"class":114},[28,95113,94],{"class":93},[28,95115,94737],{"class":97},[28,95117,2759],{"class":93},[28,95119,1991],{"class":38},[28,95121,1825],{"class":97},[28,95123,318],{"class":93},[28,95125,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95127,115],{"class":114},[28,95129,94],{"class":93},[28,95131,94569],{"class":114},[28,95133,94],{"class":93},[28,95135,94737],{"class":97},[28,95137,2759],{"class":93},[28,95139,1991],{"class":38},[28,95141,1831],{"class":97},[28,95143,318],{"class":93},[14,95145,336],{},[18,95147,95149],{"className":20,"code":95148,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[25,95150,95151,95156,95160],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95152,95153],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95154,95155],{"class":97},"1230\n",[28,95157,95158],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95159,94766],{"class":97},[28,95161,95162],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95163,95164],{"class":97},"1000\n",[14,95166,65363],{},[177,95168,95169,95174,95180],{},[180,95170,95171,95173],{},[25,95172,65633],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[180,95175,95176,95179],{},[25,95177,95178],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[180,95181,95182,95184],{},[25,95183,47453],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95186,95187],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[172,95189,95191],{"id":95190},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95193,95194,95195,385],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[25,95196,95197],{},".5",[14,95199,5247],{},[18,95201,95203],{"className":20,"code":95202,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[25,95204,95205,95219],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95206,95207,95209,95211,95213,95215,95217],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95208,115],{"class":114},[28,95210,94],{"class":93},[28,95212,94569],{"class":114},[28,95214,94],{"class":93},[28,95216,40951],{"class":97},[28,95218,318],{"class":93},[28,95220,95221,95223,95225,95227,95229,95231],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95222,115],{"class":114},[28,95224,94],{"class":93},[28,95226,94569],{"class":114},[28,95228,94],{"class":93},[28,95230,1808],{"class":97},[28,95232,318],{"class":93},[14,95234,336],{},[18,95236,95238],{"className":20,"code":95237,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"2\n4\n",[25,95239,95240,95244],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95241,95242],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95243,16842],{"class":97},[28,95245,95246],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95247,48432],{"class":97},[14,95249,95250,95251,95254,95255,95257],{},"Python uses ",[163,95252,95253],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[25,95256,95197],{}," situations.",[14,95259,95260],{},"More examples:",[18,95262,95264],{"className":20,"code":95263,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[25,95265,95266,95280,95294,95308],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95267,95268,95270,95272,95274,95276,95278],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95269,115],{"class":114},[28,95271,94],{"class":93},[28,95273,94569],{"class":114},[28,95275,94],{"class":93},[28,95277,40964],{"class":97},[28,95279,318],{"class":93},[28,95281,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290,95292],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95283,115],{"class":114},[28,95285,94],{"class":93},[28,95287,94569],{"class":114},[28,95289,94],{"class":93},[28,95291,40951],{"class":97},[28,95293,318],{"class":93},[28,95295,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95297,115],{"class":114},[28,95299,94],{"class":93},[28,95301,94569],{"class":114},[28,95303,94],{"class":93},[28,95305,1808],{"class":97},[28,95307,318],{"class":93},[28,95309,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95311,115],{"class":114},[28,95313,94],{"class":93},[28,95315,94569],{"class":114},[28,95317,94],{"class":93},[28,95319,40916],{"class":97},[28,95321,318],{"class":93},[14,95323,336],{},[18,95325,95327],{"className":20,"code":95326,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[25,95328,95329,95333,95337,95341],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95330,95331],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95332,16842],{"class":97},[28,95334,95335],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95336,16842],{"class":97},[28,95338,95339],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95340,48432],{"class":97},[28,95342,95343],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95344,48432],{"class":97},[14,95346,95347],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95349,10493],{},[177,95351,95352,95359],{},[180,95353,95354,1902,95357],{},[25,95355,95356],{},"round(2.5)",[25,95358,1825],{},[180,95360,95361,1902,95364],{},[25,95362,95363],{},"round(3.5)",[25,95365,2275],{},[14,95367,2940,95368,95370],{},[25,95369,95197],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[172,95372,95374],{"id":95373},"return-values","Return values",[14,95376,95377,95379],{},[25,95378,94528],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95381,40698,95382,95384],{},[163,95383,4402],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[18,95386,95388],{"className":20,"code":95387,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[25,95389,95390,95399,95403,95413,95431],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95391,95392,95394,95396],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95393,2216],{"class":34},[28,95395,39],{"class":38},[28,95397,95398],{"class":97}," 3.14159\n",[28,95400,95401],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95402,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,95404,95405,95407,95409,95411],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95406,115],{"class":114},[28,95408,94],{"class":93},[28,95410,2242],{"class":120},[28,95412,101],{"class":93},[28,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95416,115],{"class":114},[28,95418,94],{"class":93},[28,95420,94569],{"class":114},[28,95422,94],{"class":93},[28,95424,2242],{"class":120},[28,95426,2759],{"class":93},[28,95428,2762],{"class":97},[28,95430,318],{"class":93},[28,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,95434,115],{"class":114},[28,95436,94],{"class":93},[28,95438,2242],{"class":120},[28,95440,101],{"class":93},[14,95442,336],{},[18,95444,95446],{"className":20,"code":95445,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[25,95447,95448,95453,95457],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95449,95450],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95451,95452],{"class":97},"3.14159\n",[28,95454,95455],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95456,39969],{"class":97},[28,95458,95459],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95460,95452],{"class":97},[14,95462,95463],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[18,95465,95467],{"className":20,"code":95466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[25,95468,95469,95477,95495,95499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95470,95471,95473,95475],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95472,2216],{"class":34},[28,95474,39],{"class":38},[28,95476,95398],{"class":97},[28,95478,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95480,2216],{"class":34},[28,95482,39],{"class":38},[28,95484,94846],{"class":114},[28,95486,94],{"class":93},[28,95488,2242],{"class":120},[28,95490,2759],{"class":93},[28,95492,2762],{"class":97},[28,95494,101],{"class":93},[28,95496,95497],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95498,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,95500,95501,95503,95505,95507],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95502,115],{"class":114},[28,95504,94],{"class":93},[28,95506,2242],{"class":120},[28,95508,101],{"class":93},[14,95510,336],{},[18,95512,95513],{"className":20,"code":39969,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,95514,95515],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95516,95517],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95518,39969],{"class":97},[172,95520,4734,95522],{"id":95521},"when-to-use-round",[25,95523,94528],{},[14,95525,1631,95526,6094],{},[25,95527,94528],{},[177,95529,95530,95533,95536,95539],{},[180,95531,95532],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[180,95534,95535],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[180,95537,95538],{},"Round values before reporting results",[180,95540,95541],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95543,5247],{},[18,95545,95547],{"className":20,"code":95546,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[25,95548,95549,95558],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95550,95551,95553,95555],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95552,2364],{"class":34},[28,95554,39],{"class":38},[28,95556,95557],{"class":97}," 12.67891\n",[28,95559,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572,95574],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95561,115],{"class":114},[28,95563,94],{"class":93},[28,95565,94569],{"class":114},[28,95567,94],{"class":93},[28,95569,2387],{"class":120},[28,95571,2759],{"class":93},[28,95573,2762],{"class":97},[28,95575,318],{"class":93},[14,95577,336],{},[18,95579,95581],{"className":20,"code":95580,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"12.68\n",[25,95582,95583],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95584,95585],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95586,95580],{"class":97},[172,95588,1104],{"id":1103},[14,95590,22882,95591,385],{},[25,95592,94528],{},[1109,95594,8230,95596,95598,95599,95601],{"id":95595},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[25,95597,94528],{}," to always round ",[25,95600,95197],{}," upward",[14,95603,95604],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[18,95606,95607],{"className":20,"code":95202,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,95608,95609,95623],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95612,115],{"class":114},[28,95614,94],{"class":93},[28,95616,94569],{"class":114},[28,95618,94],{"class":93},[28,95620,40951],{"class":97},[28,95622,318],{"class":93},[28,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95626,115],{"class":114},[28,95628,94],{"class":93},[28,95630,94569],{"class":114},[28,95632,94],{"class":93},[28,95634,1808],{"class":97},[28,95636,318],{"class":93},[14,95638,336],{},[18,95640,95641],{"className":20,"code":95237,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,95642,95643,95647],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95644,95645],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95646,16842],{"class":97},[28,95648,95649],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95650,48432],{"class":97},[14,95652,95653],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1109,95655,95657],{"id":95656},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95659,95660,95662],{},[25,95661,94528],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[18,95664,95666],{"className":20,"code":95665,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[25,95667,95668,95676,95690,95694],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95669,95670,95672,95674],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95671,2216],{"class":34},[28,95673,39],{"class":38},[28,95675,95398],{"class":97},[28,95677,95678,95680,95682,95684,95686,95688],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95679,94569],{"class":114},[28,95681,94],{"class":93},[28,95683,2242],{"class":120},[28,95685,2759],{"class":93},[28,95687,2762],{"class":97},[28,95689,101],{"class":93},[28,95691,95692],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95693,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,95695,95696,95698,95700,95702],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95697,115],{"class":114},[28,95699,94],{"class":93},[28,95701,2242],{"class":120},[28,95703,101],{"class":93},[14,95705,336],{},[18,95707,95708],{"className":20,"code":95452,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,95709,95710],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95711,95712],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95713,95452],{"class":97},[14,95715,95716],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[18,95718,95720],{"className":20,"code":95719,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[25,95721,95722],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95723,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95725,2216],{"class":34},[28,95727,39],{"class":38},[28,95729,94846],{"class":114},[28,95731,94],{"class":93},[28,95733,2242],{"class":120},[28,95735,2759],{"class":93},[28,95737,2762],{"class":97},[28,95739,101],{"class":93},[1109,95741,95743],{"id":95742},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95745,16186],{},[18,95747,95749],{"className":20,"code":95748,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[25,95750,95751],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95752,95753],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95754,95748],{"class":1006},[14,95756,95757],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[18,95759,95761],{"className":20,"code":95760,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[25,95762,95763,95775,95789,95793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95764,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95766,84],{"class":34},[28,95768,39],{"class":38},[28,95770,43],{"class":42},[28,95772,792],{"class":46},[28,95774,50],{"class":42},[28,95776,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,95778,293],{"class":34},[28,95780,39],{"class":38},[28,95782,40047],{"class":89},[28,95784,94],{"class":93},[28,95786,157],{"class":120},[28,95788,101],{"class":93},[28,95790,95791],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,95792,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,95794,95795,95797,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,95796,115],{"class":114},[28,95798,94],{"class":93},[28,95800,94569],{"class":114},[28,95802,94],{"class":93},[28,95804,331],{"class":120},[28,95806,2759],{"class":93},[28,95808,5273],{"class":97},[28,95810,318],{"class":93},[14,95812,336],{},[18,95814,95816],{"className":20,"code":95815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3.1\n",[25,95817,95818],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95819,95820],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95821,95815],{"class":97},[1109,95823,95825],{"id":95824},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95827,95828,95830],{},[25,95829,94528],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95832,95833,95834,474,95838,385],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[381,95835,95836],{"href":2648},[25,95837,2651],{},[381,95839,95840],{"href":2642},[25,95841,2645],{},[172,95843,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,95845,12487,95847,95849,95850,95852],{"id":95846},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[25,95848,94528],{}," always round ",[25,95851,40006],{}," up?",[14,95854,95855],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1109,95857,12487,95859,95861],{"id":95858},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[25,95860,94528],{}," change the original number?",[14,95863,95864],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1109,95866,4943,95868,95870],{"id":95867},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[25,95869,94528],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95872,95873,95874,95876,95877,474,95879,385],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[25,95875,94678],{}," value like ",[25,95878,65633],{},[25,95880,95178],{},[1109,95882,28118,95884,95886,95887,2262],{"id":95883},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[25,95885,94528],{}," on a string like ",[25,95888,47876],{},[14,95890,95891,95892,474,95894,385],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[25,95893,2651],{},[25,95895,2645],{},[172,95897,1662],{"id":1661},[177,95899,95900,95906,95912,95916],{},[180,95901,95902],{},[381,95903,858,95904,861],{"href":2648},[25,95905,2651],{},[180,95907,95908],{},[381,95909,858,95910,861],{"href":2642},[25,95911,2645],{},[180,95913,95914],{},[381,95915,2189],{"href":2188},[180,95917,95918],{},[381,95919,41971],{"href":40683},[1699,95921,95922],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":95924},[95925,95926,95928,95929,95931,95933,95935,95936,95937,95939,95946,95956],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":94620,"depth":53,"text":95927},"What round() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":94774,"depth":53,"text":95930},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94912,"depth":53,"text":95932},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95069,"depth":53,"text":95934},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95190,"depth":53,"text":95191},{"id":95373,"depth":53,"text":95374},{"id":95521,"depth":53,"text":95938},"When to use round()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":95940},[95941,95943,95944,95945],{"id":95595,"depth":70,"text":95942},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95656,"depth":70,"text":95657},{"id":95742,"depth":70,"text":95743},{"id":95824,"depth":70,"text":95825},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":95947},[95948,95950,95952,95954],{"id":95846,"depth":70,"text":95949},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95858,"depth":70,"text":95951},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95867,"depth":70,"text":95953},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95883,"depth":70,"text":95955},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94520,"description":95957},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95964,"title":95965,"body":95966,"description":97151,"extension":1730,"meta":97152,"navigation":107,"path":97153,"seo":97154,"stem":97155,"__hash__":97156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95967,"toc":97125},[95968,95975,95981,95984,95986,96035,96039,96064,96069,96074,96079,96093,96104,96106,96125,96127,96143,96146,96157,96159,96161,96222,96226,96259,96266,96273,96276,96309,96312,96316,96319,96372,96376,96397,96403,96410,96417,96478,96486,96563,96567,96579,96588,96590,96596,96602,96606,96659,96662,96720,96724,96732,96735,96739,96742,96752,96754,96851,96854,96865,96868,96911,96915,96939,96942,96948,96950,96954,96979,96981,97048,97057,97059,97065,97070,97074,97077,97081,97088,97092,97097,97099,97116,97122],[10,95969,95971,95972,11102],{"id":95970},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[25,95973,95974],{},"add()",[14,95976,95977,95980],{},[25,95978,95979],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95982,95983],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[172,95985,1771],{"id":1770},[18,95987,95989],{"className":20,"code":95988,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,95990,95991,96011,96025],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,95992,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,95994,3383],{"class":34},[28,95996,39],{"class":38},[28,95998,10270],{"class":93},[28,96000,2756],{"class":97},[28,96002,2759],{"class":93},[28,96004,2762],{"class":97},[28,96006,2759],{"class":93},[28,96008,2221],{"class":97},[28,96010,9087],{"class":93},[28,96012,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96014,3415],{"class":34},[28,96016,385],{"class":93},[28,96018,81884],{"class":120},[28,96020,94],{"class":93},[28,96022,2275],{"class":97},[28,96024,101],{"class":93},[28,96026,96027,96029,96031,96033],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96028,115],{"class":114},[28,96030,94],{"class":93},[28,96032,3415],{"class":120},[28,96034,101],{"class":93},[14,96036,96037],{},[163,96038,336],{},[18,96040,96042],{"className":20,"code":96041,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,96043,96044],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96045,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058,96060,96062],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96047,9057],{"class":93},[28,96049,2756],{"class":97},[28,96051,2759],{"class":93},[28,96053,2762],{"class":97},[28,96055,2759],{"class":93},[28,96057,2221],{"class":97},[28,96059,2759],{"class":93},[28,96061,2226],{"class":97},[28,96063,9087],{"class":93},[14,96065,1631,96066,96068],{},[25,96067,95974],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[172,96070,3445,96072,3448],{"id":96071},"what-setadd-does",[25,96073,95979],{},[14,96075,96076,96078],{},[25,96077,95979],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[177,96080,96081,96084,96087,96090],{},[180,96082,96083],{},"Adds one item to a set",[180,96085,96086],{},"Changes the original set in place",[180,96088,96089],{},"Does not return a new set",[180,96091,96092],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96094,96095,96096,474,96100,385],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[381,96097,96099],{"href":96098},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[381,96101,96103],{"href":96102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[172,96105,1927],{"id":1926},[18,96107,96109],{"className":20,"code":96108,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.add(item)\n",[25,96110,96111],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96112,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96114,15451],{"class":34},[28,96116,385],{"class":93},[28,96118,81884],{"class":120},[28,96120,94],{"class":93},[28,96122,23098],{"class":120},[28,96124,101],{"class":93},[14,96126,11239],{},[177,96128,96129,96134,96137],{},[180,96130,55689,96131,96133],{},[25,96132,95974],{}," on an existing set",[180,96135,96136],{},"Pass exactly one item",[180,96138,96139,96140],{},"The item must be ",[163,96141,96142],{},"hashable",[14,96144,96145],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[177,96147,96148,96150,96152,96155],{},[180,96149,214],{},[180,96151,56244],{},[180,96153,96154],{},"Tuples",[180,96156,40387],{},[172,96158,11256],{"id":11255},[14,96160,11259],{},[18,96162,96164],{"className":20,"code":96163,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[25,96165,96166,96190,96208,96212],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96167,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96169,12860],{"class":34},[28,96171,39],{"class":38},[28,96173,10270],{"class":93},[28,96175,234],{"class":42},[28,96177,12877],{"class":46},[28,96179,234],{"class":42},[28,96181,2759],{"class":93},[28,96183,43],{"class":42},[28,96185,12894],{"class":46},[28,96187,234],{"class":42},[28,96189,9087],{"class":93},[28,96191,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96193,17289],{"class":34},[28,96195,385],{"class":93},[28,96197,81884],{"class":120},[28,96199,94],{"class":93},[28,96201,234],{"class":42},[28,96203,17242],{"class":46},[28,96205,234],{"class":42},[28,96207,101],{"class":93},[28,96209,96210],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96211,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96213,96214,96216,96218,96220],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96215,115],{"class":114},[28,96217,94],{"class":93},[28,96219,17289],{"class":120},[28,96221,101],{"class":93},[14,96223,96224],{},[163,96225,29819],{},[18,96227,96229],{"className":20,"code":96228,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[25,96230,96231],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96232,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96234,9057],{"class":93},[28,96236,358],{"class":42},[28,96238,12877],{"class":46},[28,96240,358],{"class":42},[28,96242,2759],{"class":93},[28,96244,61],{"class":42},[28,96246,17242],{"class":46},[28,96248,358],{"class":42},[28,96250,2759],{"class":93},[28,96252,61],{"class":42},[28,96254,12894],{"class":46},[28,96256,358],{"class":42},[28,96258,9087],{"class":93},[14,96260,96261,96262,96265],{},"The new value ",[25,96263,96264],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96267,96268,96269,96272],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[163,96270,96271],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96274,96275],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[18,96277,96279],{"className":20,"code":96278,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[25,96280,96281],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96282,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96284,9057],{"class":93},[28,96286,358],{"class":42},[28,96288,12894],{"class":46},[28,96290,358],{"class":42},[28,96292,2759],{"class":93},[28,96294,61],{"class":42},[28,96296,12877],{"class":46},[28,96298,358],{"class":42},[28,96300,2759],{"class":93},[28,96302,61],{"class":42},[28,96304,17242],{"class":46},[28,96306,358],{"class":42},[28,96308,9087],{"class":93},[14,96310,96311],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[172,96313,96315],{"id":96314},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96317,96318],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[18,96320,96322],{"className":20,"code":96321,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,96323,96324,96344,96358,96362],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96325,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96327,3383],{"class":34},[28,96329,39],{"class":38},[28,96331,10270],{"class":93},[28,96333,2756],{"class":97},[28,96335,2759],{"class":93},[28,96337,2762],{"class":97},[28,96339,2759],{"class":93},[28,96341,2221],{"class":97},[28,96343,9087],{"class":93},[28,96345,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96347,3415],{"class":34},[28,96349,385],{"class":93},[28,96351,81884],{"class":120},[28,96353,94],{"class":93},[28,96355,1825],{"class":97},[28,96357,101],{"class":93},[28,96359,96360],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96361,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96363,96364,96366,96368,96370],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96365,115],{"class":114},[28,96367,94],{"class":93},[28,96369,3415],{"class":120},[28,96371,101],{"class":93},[14,96373,96374],{},[163,96375,336],{},[18,96377,96379],{"className":20,"code":96378,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[25,96380,96381],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96382,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96384,9057],{"class":93},[28,96386,2756],{"class":97},[28,96388,2759],{"class":93},[28,96390,2762],{"class":97},[28,96392,2759],{"class":93},[28,96394,2221],{"class":97},[28,96396,9087],{"class":93},[14,96398,96399,96400,96402],{},"The set stays the same because ",[25,96401,1825],{}," was already present.",[172,96404,96406,10365,96408],{"id":96405},"add-vs-update",[25,96407,95974],{},[25,96409,14740],{},[14,96411,1631,96412,96414,96415,385],{},[25,96413,95974],{}," when you want to add ",[163,96416,52436],{},[18,96418,96420],{"className":20,"code":96419,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[25,96421,96422,96446,96464,96468],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96423,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96425,35880],{"class":34},[28,96427,39],{"class":38},[28,96429,10270],{"class":93},[28,96431,234],{"class":42},[28,96433,381],{"class":46},[28,96435,234],{"class":42},[28,96437,2759],{"class":93},[28,96439,43],{"class":42},[28,96441,4533],{"class":46},[28,96443,234],{"class":42},[28,96445,9087],{"class":93},[28,96447,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96449,35933],{"class":34},[28,96451,385],{"class":93},[28,96453,81884],{"class":120},[28,96455,94],{"class":93},[28,96457,234],{"class":42},[28,96459,9518],{"class":46},[28,96461,234],{"class":42},[28,96463,101],{"class":93},[28,96465,96466],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96467,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96469,96470,96472,96474,96476],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96471,115],{"class":114},[28,96473,94],{"class":93},[28,96475,35933],{"class":120},[28,96477,101],{"class":93},[14,96479,1631,96480,96414,96482,96485],{},[25,96481,14740],{},[163,96483,96484],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[18,96487,96489],{"className":20,"code":96488,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[25,96490,96491,96515,96549,96553],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96492,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96494,35880],{"class":34},[28,96496,39],{"class":38},[28,96498,10270],{"class":93},[28,96500,234],{"class":42},[28,96502,381],{"class":46},[28,96504,234],{"class":42},[28,96506,2759],{"class":93},[28,96508,43],{"class":42},[28,96510,4533],{"class":46},[28,96512,234],{"class":42},[28,96514,9087],{"class":93},[28,96516,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96518,35933],{"class":34},[28,96520,385],{"class":93},[28,96522,30254],{"class":120},[28,96524,2753],{"class":93},[28,96526,234],{"class":42},[28,96528,9518],{"class":46},[28,96530,234],{"class":42},[28,96532,2759],{"class":93},[28,96534,43],{"class":42},[28,96536,18555],{"class":46},[28,96538,234],{"class":42},[28,96540,2759],{"class":93},[28,96542,43],{"class":42},[28,96544,60228],{"class":46},[28,96546,234],{"class":42},[28,96548,3657],{"class":93},[28,96550,96551],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96552,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96554,96555,96557,96559,96561],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96556,115],{"class":114},[28,96558,94],{"class":93},[28,96560,35933],{"class":120},[28,96562,101],{"class":93},[1109,96564,96566],{"id":96565},"key-difference","Key difference",[177,96568,96569,96574],{},[180,96570,96571,96573],{},[25,96572,95974],{}," adds one item",[180,96575,96576,96578],{},[25,96577,14740],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96580,96581,96582,385],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[381,96583,96585,96586,1689],{"href":96584},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[25,96587,14740],{},[172,96589,17205],{"id":17204},[14,96591,96592,2166,96594,385],{},[25,96593,95979],{},[25,96595,3546],{},[14,96597,96598,96599,96601],{},"That means you should ",[163,96600,4402],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1109,96603,96605],{"id":96604},"correct","Correct",[18,96607,96609],{"className":20,"code":96608,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[25,96610,96611,96631,96645,96649],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96612,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96614,15413],{"class":34},[28,96616,39],{"class":38},[28,96618,10270],{"class":93},[28,96620,2756],{"class":97},[28,96622,2759],{"class":93},[28,96624,2762],{"class":97},[28,96626,2759],{"class":93},[28,96628,2221],{"class":97},[28,96630,9087],{"class":93},[28,96632,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96634,15451],{"class":34},[28,96636,385],{"class":93},[28,96638,81884],{"class":120},[28,96640,94],{"class":93},[28,96642,2275],{"class":97},[28,96644,101],{"class":93},[28,96646,96647],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96648,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96652,115],{"class":114},[28,96654,94],{"class":93},[28,96656,15451],{"class":120},[28,96658,101],{"class":93},[1109,96660,96661],{"id":61548},"Wrong",[18,96663,96665],{"className":20,"code":96664,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[25,96666,96667,96687,96706,96710],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96668,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96670,15413],{"class":34},[28,96672,39],{"class":38},[28,96674,10270],{"class":93},[28,96676,2756],{"class":97},[28,96678,2759],{"class":93},[28,96680,2762],{"class":97},[28,96682,2759],{"class":93},[28,96684,2221],{"class":97},[28,96686,9087],{"class":93},[28,96688,96689,96691,96693,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96690,15413],{"class":34},[28,96692,39],{"class":38},[28,96694,96695],{"class":34}," my_set",[28,96697,385],{"class":93},[28,96699,81884],{"class":120},[28,96701,94],{"class":93},[28,96703,2275],{"class":97},[28,96705,101],{"class":93},[28,96707,96708],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96709,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96711,96712,96714,96716,96718],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96713,115],{"class":114},[28,96715,94],{"class":93},[28,96717,15451],{"class":120},[28,96719,101],{"class":93},[14,96721,96722],{},[163,96723,336],{},[18,96725,96726],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,96727,96728],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96729,96730],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96731,11590],{"class":776},[14,96733,96734],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[172,96736,96738],{"id":96737},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96740,96741],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[177,96743,96744,96746,96748,96750],{},[180,96745,214],{},[180,96747,56244],{},[180,96749,96154],{},[180,96751,40387],{},[14,96753,924],{},[18,96755,96757],{"className":20,"code":96756,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[25,96758,96759,96769,96773,96787,96805,96823,96837,96841],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96760,96761,96763,96765,96767],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96762,7555],{"class":34},[28,96764,39],{"class":38},[28,96766,15418],{"class":89},[28,96768,8420],{"class":93},[28,96770,96771],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96772,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96774,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,96776,7586],{"class":34},[28,96778,385],{"class":93},[28,96780,81884],{"class":120},[28,96782,94],{"class":93},[28,96784,2099],{"class":97},[28,96786,101],{"class":93},[28,96788,96789,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801,96803],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,96790,7586],{"class":34},[28,96792,385],{"class":93},[28,96794,81884],{"class":120},[28,96796,94],{"class":93},[28,96798,234],{"class":42},[28,96800,238],{"class":46},[28,96802,234],{"class":42},[28,96804,101],{"class":93},[28,96806,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819,96821],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,96808,7586],{"class":34},[28,96810,385],{"class":93},[28,96812,81884],{"class":120},[28,96814,5286],{"class":93},[28,96816,2756],{"class":97},[28,96818,2759],{"class":93},[28,96820,2762],{"class":97},[28,96822,318],{"class":93},[28,96824,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,96826,7586],{"class":34},[28,96828,385],{"class":93},[28,96830,81884],{"class":120},[28,96832,94],{"class":93},[28,96834,777],{"class":776},[28,96836,101],{"class":93},[28,96838,96839],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,96840,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,96844,115],{"class":114},[28,96846,94],{"class":93},[28,96848,7586],{"class":120},[28,96850,101],{"class":93},[14,96852,96853],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[177,96855,96856,96859,96862],{},[180,96857,96858],{},"Lists",[180,96860,96861],{},"Dictionaries",[180,96863,96864],{},"Sets",[14,96866,96867],{},"Example that causes an error:",[18,96869,96871],{"className":20,"code":96870,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[25,96872,96873,96893],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96874,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96876,7555],{"class":34},[28,96878,39],{"class":38},[28,96880,10270],{"class":93},[28,96882,2756],{"class":97},[28,96884,2759],{"class":93},[28,96886,2762],{"class":97},[28,96888,2759],{"class":93},[28,96890,2221],{"class":97},[28,96892,9087],{"class":93},[28,96894,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903,96905,96907,96909],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96896,7586],{"class":34},[28,96898,385],{"class":93},[28,96900,81884],{"class":120},[28,96902,2753],{"class":93},[28,96904,2275],{"class":97},[28,96906,2759],{"class":93},[28,96908,4376],{"class":97},[28,96910,3657],{"class":93},[14,96912,96913],{},[163,96914,29471],{},[18,96916,96918],{"className":20,"code":96917,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[25,96919,96920],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96921,96922,96924,96926,96929,96931,96933,96935,96937],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96923,2775],{"class":89},[28,96925,271],{"class":93},[28,96927,96928],{"class":34}," unhashable ",[28,96930,311],{"class":89},[28,96932,271],{"class":93},[28,96934,61],{"class":42},[28,96936,7869],{"class":46},[28,96938,67],{"class":42},[14,96940,96941],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96943,96944,96945,385],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[25,96946,96947],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[172,96949,1104],{"id":1103},[14,96951,14519,96952,271],{},[25,96953,95979],{},[177,96955,96956,96961,96966,96969,96976],{},[180,96957,8194,96958,96960],{},[25,96959,95974],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[180,96962,8230,96963,96965],{},[25,96964,95974],{}," to return the updated set",[180,96967,96968],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[180,96970,36995,96971,96973,96974],{},[25,96972,95979],{}," with list ",[25,96975,52432],{},[180,96977,96978],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96980,71285],{},[18,96982,96984],{"className":20,"code":96983,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[25,96985,96986,96996,97010,97020,97034],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,96987,96988,96990,96992,96994],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,96989,115],{"class":114},[28,96991,94],{"class":93},[28,96993,15451],{"class":120},[28,96995,101],{"class":93},[28,96997,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006,97008],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,96999,115],{"class":114},[28,97001,94],{"class":93},[28,97003,311],{"class":89},[28,97005,94],{"class":93},[28,97007,15451],{"class":120},[28,97009,318],{"class":93},[28,97011,97012,97014,97016,97018],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97013,115],{"class":114},[28,97015,94],{"class":93},[28,97017,2242],{"class":120},[28,97019,101],{"class":93},[28,97021,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,97023,115],{"class":114},[28,97025,94],{"class":93},[28,97027,311],{"class":89},[28,97029,94],{"class":93},[28,97031,2242],{"class":120},[28,97033,318],{"class":93},[28,97035,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,97037,31943],{"class":114},[28,97039,94],{"class":93},[28,97041,6063],{"class":89},[28,97043,385],{"class":93},[28,97045,81884],{"class":24538},[28,97047,101],{"class":93},[14,97049,97050,97051,97053,97054,385],{},"Also remember that ",[25,97052,95979],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[381,97055,52829],{"href":97056},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[172,97058,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,97060,12487,97062,97064],{"id":97061},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[25,97063,95979],{}," return a new set?",[14,97066,97067,97068,385],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[25,97069,3546],{},[1109,97071,97073],{"id":97072},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97075,97076],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1109,97078,97080],{"id":97079},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97082,1631,97083,10871,97086,385],{},[25,97084,97085],{},"set.update()",[25,97087,95974],{},[1109,97089,97091],{"id":97090},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97093,97094,97095,385],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[25,97096,2775],{},[172,97098,1662],{"id":1661},[177,97100,97101,97105,97110],{},[180,97102,97103],{},[381,97104,96099],{"href":96098},[180,97106,97107],{},[381,97108,97109],{"href":96102},"How to create a set in Python",[180,97111,97112],{},[381,97113,96585,97114,1689],{"href":96584},[25,97115,14740],{},[14,97117,97118,97119,97121],{},"Once you understand ",[25,97120,95974],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1699,97123,97124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":97126},[97127,97128,97130,97131,97132,97133,97137,97141,97142,97143,97150],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":96071,"depth":53,"text":97129},"What set.add() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":96314,"depth":53,"text":96315},{"id":96405,"depth":53,"text":97134,"children":97135},"add() vs update()",[97136],{"id":96565,"depth":70,"text":96566},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205,"children":97138},[97139,97140],{"id":96604,"depth":70,"text":96605},{"id":61548,"depth":70,"text":96661},{"id":96737,"depth":53,"text":96738},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":97144},[97145,97147,97148,97149],{"id":97061,"depth":70,"text":97146},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97072,"depth":70,"text":97073},{"id":97079,"depth":70,"text":97080},{"id":97090,"depth":70,"text":97091},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95965,"description":97151},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97158,"title":97159,"body":97160,"description":98329,"extension":1730,"meta":98330,"navigation":107,"path":98331,"seo":98332,"stem":98333,"__hash__":98334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97161,"toc":98296},[97162,97167,97173,97180,97225,97227,97238,97243,97248,97252,97266,97271,97273,97275,97290,97292,97306,97308,97310,97375,97377,97387,97389,97407,97413,97420,97425,97499,97501,97518,97524,97529,97600,97602,97629,97646,97649,97655,97657,97664,97668,97735,97737,97752,97755,97808,97810,97818,97830,97832,97836,97841,97843,97892,97894,97902,97904,97949,97951,97961,97967,97975,97988,97994,97996,98025,98027,98045,98049,98052,98083,98085,98103,98107,98182,98184,98200,98207,98209,98214,98219,98225,98228,98232,98240,98247,98255,98257,98293],[10,97163,95971,97165,11102],{"id":97164},"python-set-clear-method",[25,97166,11101],{},[14,97168,97169,97172],{},[25,97170,97171],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97174,97175,97176,97179],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[163,97177,97178],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[18,97181,97183],{"className":20,"code":97182,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,97184,97185,97205,97215],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97186,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97188,3383],{"class":34},[28,97190,39],{"class":38},[28,97192,10270],{"class":93},[28,97194,2756],{"class":97},[28,97196,2759],{"class":93},[28,97198,2762],{"class":97},[28,97200,2759],{"class":93},[28,97202,2221],{"class":97},[28,97204,9087],{"class":93},[28,97206,97207,97209,97211,97213],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97208,3415],{"class":34},[28,97210,385],{"class":93},[28,97212,11163],{"class":120},[28,97214,8420],{"class":93},[28,97216,97217,97219,97221,97223],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97218,115],{"class":114},[28,97220,94],{"class":93},[28,97222,3415],{"class":120},[28,97224,101],{"class":93},[14,97226,336],{},[18,97228,97230],{"className":20,"code":97229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set()\n",[25,97231,97232],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97233,97234,97236],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97235,6063],{"class":89},[28,97237,8420],{"class":93},[14,97239,97240,97242],{},[25,97241,11101],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[172,97244,3445,97246,3448],{"id":97245},"what-setclear-does",[25,97247,97171],{},[14,97249,679,97250,11193],{},[25,97251,11101],{},[177,97253,97254,97257,97259,97263],{},[180,97255,97256],{},"Removes every item from a set",[180,97258,96086],{},[180,97260,11204,97261],{},[25,97262,3546],{},[180,97264,97265],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97267,96095,97268,71384],{},[381,97269,96099],{"href":97270},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[172,97272,1927],{"id":1926},[14,97274,54227],{},[18,97276,97278],{"className":20,"code":97277,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.clear()\n",[25,97279,97280],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97281,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97283,15451],{"class":34},[28,97285,385],{"class":93},[28,97287,11163],{"class":120},[28,97289,8420],{"class":93},[14,97291,12836],{},[177,97293,97294,97297,97300,97303],{},[180,97295,97296],{},"It takes no arguments",[180,97298,97299],{},"It empties the set",[180,97301,97302],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[180,97304,97305],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[172,97307,11256],{"id":11255},[14,97309,11259],{},[18,97311,97313],{"className":20,"code":97312,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[25,97314,97315,97347,97351,97361,97365],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97318,12860],{"class":34},[28,97320,39],{"class":38},[28,97322,10270],{"class":93},[28,97324,234],{"class":42},[28,97326,12877],{"class":46},[28,97328,234],{"class":42},[28,97330,2759],{"class":93},[28,97332,43],{"class":42},[28,97334,17242],{"class":46},[28,97336,234],{"class":42},[28,97338,2759],{"class":93},[28,97340,43],{"class":42},[28,97342,12894],{"class":46},[28,97344,234],{"class":42},[28,97346,9087],{"class":93},[28,97348,97349],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97350,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97352,97353,97355,97357,97359],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97354,17289],{"class":34},[28,97356,385],{"class":93},[28,97358,11163],{"class":120},[28,97360,8420],{"class":93},[28,97362,97363],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,97364,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97366,97367,97369,97371,97373],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,97368,115],{"class":114},[28,97370,94],{"class":93},[28,97372,17289],{"class":120},[28,97374,101],{"class":93},[14,97376,336],{},[18,97378,97379],{"className":20,"code":97229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,97380,97381],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97382,97383,97385],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97384,6063],{"class":89},[28,97386,8420],{"class":93},[14,97388,11465],{},[177,97390,97391,97396,97401],{},[180,97392,97393,97395],{},[25,97394,17289],{}," starts with three values",[180,97397,97398,11478],{},[25,97399,97400],{},"colors.clear()",[180,97402,97403,97404,97406],{},"Printing the set shows ",[25,97405,3565],{},", which means an empty set",[172,97408,97410,97412],{"id":97409},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[25,97411,11101],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97414,97415,1323,97417,97419],{},[25,97416,11101],{},[25,97418,3565],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1109,97421,8194,97423],{"id":97422},"using-clear",[25,97424,11101],{},[18,97426,97428],{"className":20,"code":97427,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[25,97429,97430,97450,97460,97464,97474,97478,97488],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97431,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97433,7555],{"class":34},[28,97435,39],{"class":38},[28,97437,10270],{"class":93},[28,97439,2756],{"class":97},[28,97441,2759],{"class":93},[28,97443,2762],{"class":97},[28,97445,2759],{"class":93},[28,97447,2221],{"class":97},[28,97449,9087],{"class":93},[28,97451,97452,97455,97457],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97453,97454],{"class":34},"other_name ",[28,97456,39],{"class":38},[28,97458,97459],{"class":34}," items\n",[28,97461,97462],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97463,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97465,97466,97468,97470,97472],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,97467,7586],{"class":34},[28,97469,385],{"class":93},[28,97471,11163],{"class":120},[28,97473,8420],{"class":93},[28,97475,97476],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,97477,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97479,97480,97482,97484,97486],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,97481,115],{"class":114},[28,97483,94],{"class":93},[28,97485,7586],{"class":120},[28,97487,101],{"class":93},[28,97489,97490,97492,97494,97497],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,97491,115],{"class":114},[28,97493,94],{"class":93},[28,97495,97496],{"class":120},"other_name",[28,97498,101],{"class":93},[14,97500,336],{},[18,97502,97504],{"className":20,"code":97503,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set()\nset()\n",[25,97505,97506,97512],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97507,97508,97510],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97509,6063],{"class":89},[28,97511,8420],{"class":93},[28,97513,97514,97516],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97515,6063],{"class":89},[28,97517,8420],{"class":93},[14,97519,97520,97521,385],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[163,97522,97523],{},"same set object",[1109,97525,8194,97527],{"id":97526},"using-set",[25,97528,3565],{},[18,97530,97532],{"className":20,"code":97531,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[25,97533,97534,97554,97562,97566,97576,97580,97590],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97535,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97537,7555],{"class":34},[28,97539,39],{"class":38},[28,97541,10270],{"class":93},[28,97543,2756],{"class":97},[28,97545,2759],{"class":93},[28,97547,2762],{"class":97},[28,97549,2759],{"class":93},[28,97551,2221],{"class":97},[28,97553,9087],{"class":93},[28,97555,97556,97558,97560],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97557,97454],{"class":34},[28,97559,39],{"class":38},[28,97561,97459],{"class":34},[28,97563,97564],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97565,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97567,97568,97570,97572,97574],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,97569,7555],{"class":34},[28,97571,39],{"class":38},[28,97573,15418],{"class":89},[28,97575,8420],{"class":93},[28,97577,97578],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,97579,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97581,97582,97584,97586,97588],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,97583,115],{"class":114},[28,97585,94],{"class":93},[28,97587,7586],{"class":120},[28,97589,101],{"class":93},[28,97591,97592,97594,97596,97598],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,97593,115],{"class":114},[28,97595,94],{"class":93},[28,97597,97496],{"class":120},[28,97599,101],{"class":93},[14,97601,336],{},[18,97603,97605],{"className":20,"code":97604,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[25,97606,97607,97613],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97608,97609,97611],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97610,6063],{"class":89},[28,97612,8420],{"class":93},[28,97614,97615,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625,97627],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97616,9057],{"class":93},[28,97618,2756],{"class":97},[28,97620,2759],{"class":93},[28,97622,2762],{"class":97},[28,97624,2759],{"class":93},[28,97626,2221],{"class":97},[28,97628,9087],{"class":93},[14,97630,20559,97631,92863,97634,97637,97638,385,97640,97642,97643,97645],{},[25,97632,97633],{},"items = set()",[163,97635,97636],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[25,97639,7586],{},[9625,97641],{},"\nBut ",[25,97644,97496],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97647,97648],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97650,97651,97652,385],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[381,97653,96103],{"href":97654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[172,97656,17205],{"id":17204},[14,97658,97659,13839,97661,97663],{},[25,97660,11101],{},[163,97662,4402],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97665,4921,97666,385],{},[25,97667,3546],{},[18,97669,97671],{"className":20,"code":97670,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,97672,97673,97693,97697,97711,97715,97725],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97674,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97676,3383],{"class":34},[28,97678,39],{"class":38},[28,97680,10270],{"class":93},[28,97682,2756],{"class":97},[28,97684,2759],{"class":93},[28,97686,2762],{"class":97},[28,97688,2759],{"class":93},[28,97690,2221],{"class":97},[28,97692,9087],{"class":93},[28,97694,97695],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97696,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97698,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97700,1999],{"class":34},[28,97702,39],{"class":38},[28,97704,4034],{"class":34},[28,97706,385],{"class":93},[28,97708,11163],{"class":120},[28,97710,8420],{"class":93},[28,97712,97713],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,97714,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97716,97717,97719,97721,97723],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,97718,115],{"class":114},[28,97720,94],{"class":93},[28,97722,2033],{"class":120},[28,97724,101],{"class":93},[28,97726,97727,97729,97731,97733],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,97728,115],{"class":114},[28,97730,94],{"class":93},[28,97732,3415],{"class":120},[28,97734,101],{"class":93},[14,97736,336],{},[18,97738,97740],{"className":20,"code":97739,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"None\nset()\n",[25,97741,97742,97746],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97743,97744],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97745,11590],{"class":776},[28,97747,97748,97750],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97749,6063],{"class":89},[28,97751,8420],{"class":93},[14,97753,97754],{},"Do not do this:",[18,97756,97758],{"className":20,"code":97757,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,97759,97760,97780,97794,97798],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97761,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770,97772,97774,97776,97778],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97763,3383],{"class":34},[28,97765,39],{"class":38},[28,97767,10270],{"class":93},[28,97769,2756],{"class":97},[28,97771,2759],{"class":93},[28,97773,2762],{"class":97},[28,97775,2759],{"class":93},[28,97777,2221],{"class":97},[28,97779,9087],{"class":93},[28,97781,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790,97792],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97783,3383],{"class":34},[28,97785,39],{"class":38},[28,97787,4034],{"class":34},[28,97789,385],{"class":93},[28,97791,11163],{"class":120},[28,97793,8420],{"class":93},[28,97795,97796],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97797,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,97799,97800,97802,97804,97806],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,97801,115],{"class":114},[28,97803,94],{"class":93},[28,97805,3415],{"class":120},[28,97807,101],{"class":93},[14,97809,336],{},[18,97811,97812],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,97813,97814],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97815,97816],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97817,11590],{"class":776},[14,97819,21976,97820,2166,97822,97824,97825,97827,97828,385],{},[25,97821,54340],{},[25,97823,3546],{},", and then you assign that ",[25,97826,3546],{}," back to ",[25,97829,3415],{},[172,97831,4290],{"id":4289},[14,97833,10527,97834,385],{},[25,97835,97171],{},[1109,97837,12377,97839],{"id":97838},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[25,97840,11101],{},[14,97842,16429],{},[18,97844,97846],{"className":20,"code":97845,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[25,97847,97848,97868,97882],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97849,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97851,15413],{"class":34},[28,97853,39],{"class":38},[28,97855,10270],{"class":93},[28,97857,2756],{"class":97},[28,97859,2759],{"class":93},[28,97861,2762],{"class":97},[28,97863,2759],{"class":93},[28,97865,2221],{"class":97},[28,97867,9087],{"class":93},[28,97869,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878,97880],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97871,15413],{"class":34},[28,97873,39],{"class":38},[28,97875,96695],{"class":34},[28,97877,385],{"class":93},[28,97879,11163],{"class":120},[28,97881,8420],{"class":93},[28,97883,97884,97886,97888,97890],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97885,115],{"class":114},[28,97887,94],{"class":93},[28,97889,15451],{"class":120},[28,97891,101],{"class":93},[14,97893,336],{},[18,97895,97896],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,97897,97898],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97899,97900],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97901,11590],{"class":776},[14,97903,16441],{},[18,97905,97907],{"className":20,"code":97906,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[25,97908,97909,97929,97939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97910,97911,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923,97925,97927],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97912,15413],{"class":34},[28,97914,39],{"class":38},[28,97916,10270],{"class":93},[28,97918,2756],{"class":97},[28,97920,2759],{"class":93},[28,97922,2762],{"class":97},[28,97924,2759],{"class":93},[28,97926,2221],{"class":97},[28,97928,9087],{"class":93},[28,97930,97931,97933,97935,97937],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,97932,15451],{"class":34},[28,97934,385],{"class":93},[28,97936,11163],{"class":120},[28,97938,8420],{"class":93},[28,97940,97941,97943,97945,97947],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,97942,115],{"class":114},[28,97944,94],{"class":93},[28,97946,15451],{"class":120},[28,97948,101],{"class":93},[14,97950,336],{},[18,97952,97953],{"className":20,"code":97229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,97954,97955],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,97956,97957,97959],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,97958,6063],{"class":89},[28,97960,8420],{"class":93},[1109,97962,8230,97964,97966],{"id":97963},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[25,97965,11101],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97968,97969,97971,97972,97974],{},[25,97970,11101],{}," removes ",[163,97973,3484],{}," items from the set.",[14,97976,97977,97978,474,97983,385],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[381,97979,97981],{"href":97980},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[25,97982,55309],{},[381,97984,97986],{"href":97985},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[25,97987,12546],{},[1109,97989,8194,97991,97993],{"id":97990},"using-for-an-empty-set",[25,97992,3560],{}," for an empty set",[14,97995,25479],{},[18,97997,97999],{"className":20,"code":97998,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[25,98000,98001,98010],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98002,98003,98006,98008],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98004,98005],{"class":34},"empty_value ",[28,98007,39],{"class":38},[28,98009,9617],{"class":93},[28,98011,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020,98023],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98013,115],{"class":114},[28,98015,94],{"class":93},[28,98017,311],{"class":89},[28,98019,94],{"class":93},[28,98021,98022],{"class":120},"empty_value",[28,98024,318],{"class":93},[14,98026,336],{},[18,98028,98029],{"className":20,"code":8586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,98030,98031],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98032,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041,98043],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98034,346],{"class":38},[28,98036,350],{"class":349},[28,98038,61],{"class":42},[28,98040,8599],{"class":46},[28,98042,358],{"class":42},[28,98044,361],{"class":38},[14,98046,98047,8566],{},[25,98048,3560],{},[14,98050,98051],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[18,98053,98055],{"className":20,"code":98054,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[25,98056,98057,98068],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98058,98059,98062,98064,98066],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98060,98061],{"class":34},"empty_set ",[28,98063,39],{"class":38},[28,98065,15418],{"class":89},[28,98067,8420],{"class":93},[28,98069,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98081],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98071,115],{"class":114},[28,98073,94],{"class":93},[28,98075,311],{"class":89},[28,98077,94],{"class":93},[28,98079,98080],{"class":120},"empty_set",[28,98082,318],{"class":93},[14,98084,336],{},[18,98086,98087],{"className":20,"code":8630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,98088,98089],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98092,346],{"class":38},[28,98094,350],{"class":349},[28,98096,61],{"class":42},[28,98098,6063],{"class":46},[28,98100,358],{"class":42},[28,98102,361],{"class":38},[1109,98104,98106],{"id":98105},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[18,98108,98110],{"className":20,"code":98109,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[25,98111,98112,98136,98144,98148,98158,98162,98172],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98113,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132,98134],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98115,885],{"class":34},[28,98117,39],{"class":38},[28,98119,10270],{"class":93},[28,98121,234],{"class":42},[28,98123,1944],{"class":46},[28,98125,234],{"class":42},[28,98127,2759],{"class":93},[28,98129,43],{"class":42},[28,98131,11527],{"class":46},[28,98133,234],{"class":42},[28,98135,9087],{"class":93},[28,98137,98138,98140,98142],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98139,899],{"class":34},[28,98141,39],{"class":38},[28,98143,35965],{"class":34},[28,98145,98146],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,98147,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,98149,98150,98152,98154,98156],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,98151,381],{"class":34},[28,98153,385],{"class":93},[28,98155,11163],{"class":120},[28,98157,8420],{"class":93},[28,98159,98160],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,98161,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,98163,98164,98166,98168,98170],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,98165,115],{"class":114},[28,98167,94],{"class":93},[28,98169,381],{"class":120},[28,98171,101],{"class":93},[28,98173,98174,98176,98178,98180],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,98175,115],{"class":114},[28,98177,94],{"class":93},[28,98179,4533],{"class":120},[28,98181,101],{"class":93},[14,98183,336],{},[18,98185,98186],{"className":20,"code":97503,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,98187,98188,98194],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98189,98190,98192],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98191,6063],{"class":89},[28,98193,8420],{"class":93},[28,98195,98196,98198],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98197,6063],{"class":89},[28,98199,8420],{"class":93},[14,98201,28851,98202,1323,98204,98206],{},[25,98203,381],{},[25,98205,4533],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[172,98208,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,98210,4915,98212,4918],{"id":98211},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[25,98213,97171],{},[14,98215,4921,98216,98218],{},[25,98217,3546],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1109,98220,12487,98222,98224],{"id":98221},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[25,98223,11101],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98226,98227],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1109,98229,98231],{"id":98230},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98233,98234,98235,98237,98238,385],{},"You already have one after ",[25,98236,11101],{},". Printing it shows ",[25,98239,3565],{},[1109,98241,4953,98243,1323,98245,2262],{"id":98242},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[25,98244,11101],{},[25,98246,3565],{},[14,98248,98249,98251,98252,98254],{},[25,98250,11101],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[25,98253,3565],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[172,98256,1662],{"id":1661},[177,98258,98259,98263,98267,98274,98280,98286],{},[180,98260,98261],{},[381,98262,96099],{"href":97270},[180,98264,98265],{},[381,98266,97109],{"href":97654},[180,98268,98269],{},[381,98270,96585,98272,1689],{"href":98271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[25,98273,95974],{},[180,98275,98276],{},[381,98277,96585,98278,1689],{"href":97980},[25,98279,55309],{},[180,98281,98282],{},[381,98283,96585,98284,1689],{"href":97985},[25,98285,12546],{},[180,98287,98288],{},[381,98289,96585,98291,1689],{"href":98290},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[25,98292,14740],{},[1699,98294,98295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":98297},[98298,98300,98301,98302,98309,98310,98319,98328],{"id":97245,"depth":53,"text":98299},"What set.clear() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":97409,"depth":53,"text":98303,"children":98304},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98305,98307],{"id":97422,"depth":70,"text":98306},"Using clear()",{"id":97526,"depth":70,"text":98308},"Using set()",{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":98311},[98312,98314,98316,98318],{"id":97838,"depth":70,"text":98313},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97963,"depth":70,"text":98315},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97990,"depth":70,"text":98317},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98105,"depth":70,"text":98106},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":98320},[98321,98323,98325,98326],{"id":98211,"depth":70,"text":98322},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98221,"depth":70,"text":98324},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98230,"depth":70,"text":98231},{"id":98242,"depth":70,"text":98327},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97159,"description":98329},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98336,"title":98337,"body":98338,"description":100170,"extension":1730,"meta":100171,"navigation":107,"path":96102,"seo":100172,"stem":100173,"__hash__":100174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98339,"toc":100127},[98340,98343,98346,98349,98351,98454,98458,98505,98511,98513,98532,98536,98539,98541,98555,98564,98568,98571,98606,98610,98630,98633,98637,98640,98701,98705,98730,98737,98743,98748,98750,98762,98766,98815,98819,98843,98850,98854,98895,98899,98920,98924,98957,98961,99002,99005,99009,99014,99053,99057,99082,99087,99093,99130,99134,99157,99161,99163,99166,99169,99246,99250,99287,99290,99294,99300,99303,99313,99362,99368,99374,99401,99404,99426,99428,99459,99462,99466,99470,99509,99513,99576,99579,99612,99616,99641,99643,99646,99652,99655,99682,99685,99703,99707,99711,99714,99757,99760,99764,99767,99770,99800,99803,99807,99810,99825,99830,99834,99837,99926,99928,99931,100021,100024,100042,100044,100048,100058,100062,100070,100074,100077,100081,100084,100088,100091,100093,100121,100124],[10,98341,98337],{"id":98342},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98344,98345],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98347,98348],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[172,98350,3373],{"id":3372},[18,98352,98354],{"className":20,"code":98353,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[25,98355,98356,98376,98410,98420,98424,98434,98444],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98357,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372,98374],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98359,3383],{"class":34},[28,98361,39],{"class":38},[28,98363,10270],{"class":93},[28,98365,2756],{"class":97},[28,98367,2759],{"class":93},[28,98369,2762],{"class":97},[28,98371,2759],{"class":93},[28,98373,2221],{"class":97},[28,98375,9087],{"class":93},[28,98377,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98379,3840],{"class":34},[28,98381,39],{"class":38},[28,98383,15418],{"class":89},[28,98385,2753],{"class":93},[28,98387,234],{"class":42},[28,98389,3849],{"class":46},[28,98391,234],{"class":42},[28,98393,2759],{"class":93},[28,98395,43],{"class":42},[28,98397,3858],{"class":46},[28,98399,234],{"class":42},[28,98401,2759],{"class":93},[28,98403,43],{"class":42},[28,98405,3849],{"class":46},[28,98407,234],{"class":42},[28,98409,3657],{"class":93},[28,98411,98412,98414,98416,98418],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,98413,98061],{"class":34},[28,98415,39],{"class":38},[28,98417,15418],{"class":89},[28,98419,8420],{"class":93},[28,98421,98422],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,98423,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,98425,98426,98428,98430,98432],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,98427,115],{"class":114},[28,98429,94],{"class":93},[28,98431,3415],{"class":120},[28,98433,101],{"class":93},[28,98435,98436,98438,98440,98442],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,98437,115],{"class":114},[28,98439,94],{"class":93},[28,98441,3884],{"class":120},[28,98443,101],{"class":93},[28,98445,98446,98448,98450,98452],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,98447,115],{"class":114},[28,98449,94],{"class":93},[28,98451,98080],{"class":120},[28,98453,101],{"class":93},[14,98455,98456],{},[163,98457,336],{},[18,98459,98461],{"className":20,"code":98460,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[25,98462,98463,98479,98499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98464,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98466,9057],{"class":93},[28,98468,2756],{"class":97},[28,98470,2759],{"class":93},[28,98472,2762],{"class":97},[28,98474,2759],{"class":93},[28,98476,2221],{"class":97},[28,98478,9087],{"class":93},[28,98480,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489,98491,98493,98495,98497],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98482,9057],{"class":93},[28,98484,358],{"class":42},[28,98486,3858],{"class":46},[28,98488,358],{"class":42},[28,98490,2759],{"class":93},[28,98492,61],{"class":42},[28,98494,3849],{"class":46},[28,98496,358],{"class":42},[28,98498,9087],{"class":93},[28,98500,98501,98503],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,98502,6063],{"class":89},[28,98504,8420],{"class":93},[14,98506,98507,98508,98510],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[25,98509,3565],{}," for an empty set.",[172,98512,175],{"id":174},[177,98514,98515,98518,98523,98526,98529],{},[180,98516,98517],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[180,98519,98520,98521],{},"How to create a set with ",[25,98522,3565],{},[180,98524,98525],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[180,98527,98528],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[180,98530,98531],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[172,98533,98535],{"id":98534},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98537,98538],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98540,30330],{},[177,98542,98543,98546,98549,98552],{},[180,98544,98545],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[180,98547,98548],{},"Sets are unordered",[180,98550,98551],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[180,98553,98554],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98556,98557,98558,474,98560,385],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[381,98559,96099],{"href":97270},[381,98561,98563],{"href":98562},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[172,98565,98567],{"id":98566},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98569,98570],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[18,98572,98574],{"className":20,"code":98573,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,98575,98576,98596],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98577,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98579,3383],{"class":34},[28,98581,39],{"class":38},[28,98583,10270],{"class":93},[28,98585,2756],{"class":97},[28,98587,2759],{"class":93},[28,98589,2762],{"class":97},[28,98591,2759],{"class":93},[28,98593,2221],{"class":97},[28,98595,9087],{"class":93},[28,98597,98598,98600,98602,98604],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98599,115],{"class":114},[28,98601,94],{"class":93},[28,98603,3415],{"class":120},[28,98605,101],{"class":93},[14,98607,98608],{},[163,98609,29819],{},[18,98611,98612],{"className":20,"code":96378,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,98613,98614],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98617,9057],{"class":93},[28,98619,2756],{"class":97},[28,98621,2759],{"class":93},[28,98623,2762],{"class":97},[28,98625,2759],{"class":93},[28,98627,2221],{"class":97},[28,98629,9087],{"class":93},[14,98631,98632],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1109,98634,98636],{"id":98635},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98638,98639],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[18,98641,98643],{"className":20,"code":98642,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[25,98644,98645,98677,98687],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98646,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98648,3383],{"class":34},[28,98650,39],{"class":38},[28,98652,10270],{"class":93},[28,98654,2756],{"class":97},[28,98656,2759],{"class":93},[28,98658,2762],{"class":97},[28,98660,2759],{"class":93},[28,98662,2762],{"class":97},[28,98664,2759],{"class":93},[28,98666,2221],{"class":97},[28,98668,2759],{"class":93},[28,98670,2221],{"class":97},[28,98672,2759],{"class":93},[28,98674,2221],{"class":97},[28,98676,9087],{"class":93},[28,98678,98679,98681,98683,98685],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98680,115],{"class":114},[28,98682,94],{"class":93},[28,98684,3415],{"class":120},[28,98686,101],{"class":93},[28,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,98690,115],{"class":114},[28,98692,94],{"class":93},[28,98694,10941],{"class":114},[28,98696,94],{"class":93},[28,98698,3415],{"class":120},[28,98700,318],{"class":93},[14,98702,98703],{},[163,98704,29819],{},[18,98706,98708],{"className":20,"code":98707,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[25,98709,98710,98726],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98711,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98713,9057],{"class":93},[28,98715,2756],{"class":97},[28,98717,2759],{"class":93},[28,98719,2762],{"class":97},[28,98721,2759],{"class":93},[28,98723,2221],{"class":97},[28,98725,9087],{"class":93},[28,98727,98728],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98729,46400],{"class":97},[14,98731,260,98732,1323,98734,98736],{},[25,98733,1825],{},[25,98735,1831],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[172,98738,98740,98741],{"id":98739},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[25,98742,3565],{},[14,98744,1631,98745,98747],{},[25,98746,3565],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98749,5232],{},[177,98751,98752,98754,98756,98758],{},[180,98753,96858],{},[180,98755,96154],{},[180,98757,56244],{},[180,98759,98760],{},[25,98761,35988],{},[1109,98763,98765],{"id":98764},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[18,98767,98769],{"className":20,"code":98768,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,98770,98771,98805],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98772,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98774,3383],{"class":34},[28,98776,39],{"class":38},[28,98778,15418],{"class":89},[28,98780,2753],{"class":93},[28,98782,2756],{"class":97},[28,98784,2759],{"class":93},[28,98786,2762],{"class":97},[28,98788,2759],{"class":93},[28,98790,2762],{"class":97},[28,98792,2759],{"class":93},[28,98794,2221],{"class":97},[28,98796,2759],{"class":93},[28,98798,2221],{"class":97},[28,98800,2759],{"class":93},[28,98802,2226],{"class":97},[28,98804,3657],{"class":93},[28,98806,98807,98809,98811,98813],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98808,115],{"class":114},[28,98810,94],{"class":93},[28,98812,3415],{"class":120},[28,98814,101],{"class":93},[14,98816,98817],{},[163,98818,29819],{},[18,98820,98821],{"className":20,"code":96041,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,98822,98823],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98824,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98826,9057],{"class":93},[28,98828,2756],{"class":97},[28,98830,2759],{"class":93},[28,98832,2762],{"class":97},[28,98834,2759],{"class":93},[28,98836,2221],{"class":97},[28,98838,2759],{"class":93},[28,98840,2226],{"class":97},[28,98842,9087],{"class":93},[14,98844,98845,98846,385],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[381,98847,98849],{"href":98848},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1109,98851,98853],{"id":98852},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[18,98855,98857],{"className":20,"code":98856,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[25,98858,98859,98885],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98860,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98862,3591],{"class":34},[28,98864,39],{"class":38},[28,98866,15418],{"class":89},[28,98868,5286],{"class":93},[28,98870,2099],{"class":97},[28,98872,2759],{"class":93},[28,98874,7566],{"class":97},[28,98876,2759],{"class":93},[28,98878,7566],{"class":97},[28,98880,2759],{"class":93},[28,98882,7571],{"class":97},[28,98884,318],{"class":93},[28,98886,98887,98889,98891,98893],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98888,115],{"class":114},[28,98890,94],{"class":93},[28,98892,5133],{"class":120},[28,98894,101],{"class":93},[14,98896,98897],{},[163,98898,29819],{},[18,98900,98902],{"className":20,"code":98901,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[25,98903,98904],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98905,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914,98916,98918],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98907,9057],{"class":93},[28,98909,2099],{"class":97},[28,98911,2759],{"class":93},[28,98913,7566],{"class":97},[28,98915,2759],{"class":93},[28,98917,7571],{"class":97},[28,98919,9087],{"class":93},[1109,98921,98923],{"id":98922},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[18,98925,98927],{"className":20,"code":98926,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,98928,98929,98947],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98932,35880],{"class":34},[28,98934,39],{"class":38},[28,98936,15418],{"class":89},[28,98938,94],{"class":93},[28,98940,234],{"class":42},[28,98942,238],{"class":46},[28,98944,234],{"class":42},[28,98946,101],{"class":93},[28,98948,98949,98951,98953,98955],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,98950,115],{"class":114},[28,98952,94],{"class":93},[28,98954,35933],{"class":120},[28,98956,101],{"class":93},[14,98958,98959],{},[163,98960,29819],{},[18,98962,98964],{"className":20,"code":98963,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[25,98965,98966],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,98969,9057],{"class":93},[28,98971,358],{"class":42},[28,98973,60219],{"class":46},[28,98975,358],{"class":42},[28,98977,2759],{"class":93},[28,98979,61],{"class":42},[28,98981,60228],{"class":46},[28,98983,358],{"class":42},[28,98985,2759],{"class":93},[28,98987,61],{"class":42},[28,98989,60237],{"class":46},[28,98991,358],{"class":42},[28,98993,2759],{"class":93},[28,98995,61],{"class":42},[28,98997,60254],{"class":46},[28,98999,358],{"class":42},[28,99001,9087],{"class":93},[14,99003,99004],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[172,99006,99008],{"id":99007},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99010,99011,99012,385],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[25,99013,3565],{},[18,99015,99017],{"className":20,"code":99016,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[25,99018,99019,99029,99039],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99020,99021,99023,99025,99027],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99022,98061],{"class":34},[28,99024,39],{"class":38},[28,99026,15418],{"class":89},[28,99028,8420],{"class":93},[28,99030,99031,99033,99035,99037],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99032,115],{"class":114},[28,99034,94],{"class":93},[28,99036,98080],{"class":120},[28,99038,101],{"class":93},[28,99040,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,99042,115],{"class":114},[28,99044,94],{"class":93},[28,99046,311],{"class":89},[28,99048,94],{"class":93},[28,99050,98080],{"class":120},[28,99052,318],{"class":93},[14,99054,99055],{},[163,99056,336],{},[18,99058,99060],{"className":20,"code":99059,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[25,99061,99062,99068],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99063,99064,99066],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99065,6063],{"class":89},[28,99067,8420],{"class":93},[28,99069,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99071,346],{"class":38},[28,99073,350],{"class":349},[28,99075,61],{"class":42},[28,99077,6063],{"class":46},[28,99079,358],{"class":42},[28,99081,361],{"class":38},[1109,99083,44217,99085],{"id":99084},"do-not-use",[25,99086,3560],{},[14,99088,99089,99090,99092],{},"Empty braces do ",[163,99091,4402],{}," create a set.",[18,99094,99096],{"className":20,"code":99095,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[25,99097,99098,99106,99116],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99099,99100,99102,99104],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99101,98005],{"class":34},[28,99103,39],{"class":38},[28,99105,9617],{"class":93},[28,99107,99108,99110,99112,99114],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99109,115],{"class":114},[28,99111,94],{"class":93},[28,99113,98022],{"class":120},[28,99115,101],{"class":93},[28,99117,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,99119,115],{"class":114},[28,99121,94],{"class":93},[28,99123,311],{"class":89},[28,99125,94],{"class":93},[28,99127,98022],{"class":120},[28,99129,318],{"class":93},[14,99131,99132],{},[163,99133,336],{},[18,99135,99137],{"className":20,"code":99136,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[25,99138,99139,99143],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99140,99141],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99142,9213],{"class":93},[28,99144,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99146,346],{"class":38},[28,99148,350],{"class":349},[28,99150,61],{"class":42},[28,99152,8599],{"class":46},[28,99154,358],{"class":42},[28,99156,361],{"class":38},[14,99158,99159,8566],{},[25,99160,3560],{},[172,99162,72048],{"id":72047},[14,99164,99165],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99167,99168],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[18,99170,99172],{"className":20,"code":99171,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[25,99173,99174,99222,99232],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99177,3840],{"class":34},[28,99179,39],{"class":38},[28,99181,10270],{"class":93},[28,99183,234],{"class":42},[28,99185,3849],{"class":46},[28,99187,234],{"class":42},[28,99189,2759],{"class":93},[28,99191,43],{"class":42},[28,99193,3858],{"class":46},[28,99195,234],{"class":42},[28,99197,2759],{"class":93},[28,99199,43],{"class":42},[28,99201,3849],{"class":46},[28,99203,234],{"class":42},[28,99205,2759],{"class":93},[28,99207,43],{"class":42},[28,99209,3849],{"class":46},[28,99211,234],{"class":42},[28,99213,2759],{"class":93},[28,99215,43],{"class":42},[28,99217,33012],{"class":46},[28,99219,234],{"class":42},[28,99221,9087],{"class":93},[28,99223,99224,99226,99228,99230],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99225,115],{"class":114},[28,99227,94],{"class":93},[28,99229,3884],{"class":120},[28,99231,101],{"class":93},[28,99233,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,99235,115],{"class":114},[28,99237,94],{"class":93},[28,99239,10941],{"class":114},[28,99241,94],{"class":93},[28,99243,3884],{"class":120},[28,99245,318],{"class":93},[14,99247,99248],{},[163,99249,29819],{},[18,99251,99253],{"className":20,"code":99252,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[25,99254,99255,99283],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99256,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99258,9057],{"class":93},[28,99260,358],{"class":42},[28,99262,3858],{"class":46},[28,99264,358],{"class":42},[28,99266,2759],{"class":93},[28,99268,61],{"class":42},[28,99270,33012],{"class":46},[28,99272,358],{"class":42},[28,99274,2759],{"class":93},[28,99276,61],{"class":42},[28,99278,3849],{"class":46},[28,99280,358],{"class":42},[28,99282,9087],{"class":93},[28,99284,99285],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99286,46400],{"class":97},[14,99288,99289],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[172,99291,99293],{"id":99292},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99295,99296,99297,99299],{},"Set items must be ",[163,99298,96142],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99301,99302],{},"These usually work:",[177,99304,99305,99307,99309,99311],{},[180,99306,214],{},[180,99308,56244],{},[180,99310,96154],{},[180,99312,40387],{},[18,99314,99316],{"className":20,"code":99315,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[25,99317,99318,99352],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99319,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99321,3591],{"class":34},[28,99323,39],{"class":38},[28,99325,10270],{"class":93},[28,99327,2756],{"class":97},[28,99329,2759],{"class":93},[28,99331,43],{"class":42},[28,99333,3849],{"class":46},[28,99335,234],{"class":42},[28,99337,2759],{"class":93},[28,99339,9015],{"class":93},[28,99341,2099],{"class":97},[28,99343,2759],{"class":93},[28,99345,7566],{"class":97},[28,99347,9012],{"class":93},[28,99349,3685],{"class":776},[28,99351,9087],{"class":93},[28,99353,99354,99356,99358,99360],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99355,115],{"class":114},[28,99357,94],{"class":93},[28,99359,5133],{"class":120},[28,99361,101],{"class":93},[14,99363,99364,99365,99367],{},"These do ",[163,99366,4402],{}," work directly:",[177,99369,99370,99372],{},[180,99371,96858],{},[180,99373,96861],{},[18,99375,99377],{"className":20,"code":99376,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[25,99378,99379],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99380,99381,99384,99386,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99382,99383],{"class":34},"bad_set ",[28,99385,39],{"class":38},[28,99387,99388],{"class":93}," {[",[28,99390,2756],{"class":97},[28,99392,2759],{"class":93},[28,99394,2762],{"class":97},[28,99396,2759],{"class":93},[28,99398,2221],{"class":97},[28,99400,13491],{"class":93},[14,99402,99403],{},"This raises an error:",[18,99405,99406],{"className":20,"code":96917,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,99407,99408],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99409,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99411,2775],{"class":89},[28,99413,271],{"class":93},[28,99415,96928],{"class":34},[28,99417,311],{"class":89},[28,99419,271],{"class":93},[28,99421,61],{"class":42},[28,99423,7869],{"class":46},[28,99425,67],{"class":42},[14,99427,51859],{},[18,99429,99431],{"className":20,"code":99430,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[25,99432,99433],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99434,99435,99437,99439,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99436,99383],{"class":34},[28,99438,39],{"class":38},[28,99440,99441],{"class":93}," {{",[28,99443,234],{"class":42},[28,99445,121],{"class":46},[28,99447,234],{"class":42},[28,99449,271],{"class":93},[28,99451,43],{"class":42},[28,99453,7452],{"class":46},[28,99455,234],{"class":42},[28,99457,99458],{"class":93},"}}\n",[14,99460,99461],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[172,99463,99465],{"id":99464},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1109,99467,99469],{"id":99468},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[18,99471,99473],{"className":20,"code":99472,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,99474,99475,99499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99476,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99478,3383],{"class":34},[28,99480,39],{"class":38},[28,99482,10270],{"class":93},[28,99484,2756],{"class":97},[28,99486,2759],{"class":93},[28,99488,2762],{"class":97},[28,99490,2759],{"class":93},[28,99492,2221],{"class":97},[28,99494,2759],{"class":93},[28,99496,2226],{"class":97},[28,99498,9087],{"class":93},[28,99500,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99502,115],{"class":114},[28,99504,94],{"class":93},[28,99506,3415],{"class":120},[28,99508,101],{"class":93},[1109,99510,99512],{"id":99511},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[18,99514,99516],{"className":20,"code":99515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[25,99517,99518,99546,99561,99565],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99519,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99521,7555],{"class":34},[28,99523,39],{"class":38},[28,99525,3388],{"class":93},[28,99527,2756],{"class":97},[28,99529,2759],{"class":93},[28,99531,5273],{"class":97},[28,99533,2759],{"class":93},[28,99535,2762],{"class":97},[28,99537,2759],{"class":93},[28,99539,2221],{"class":97},[28,99541,2759],{"class":93},[28,99543,2221],{"class":97},[28,99545,3401],{"class":93},[28,99547,99548,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99549,99550],{"class":34},"unique_items ",[28,99552,39],{"class":38},[28,99554,15418],{"class":89},[28,99556,94],{"class":93},[28,99558,7586],{"class":120},[28,99560,101],{"class":93},[28,99562,99563],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,99564,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,99566,99567,99569,99571,99574],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,99568,115],{"class":114},[28,99570,94],{"class":93},[28,99572,99573],{"class":120},"unique_items",[28,99575,101],{"class":93},[1109,99577,98923],{"id":99578},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[18,99580,99582],{"className":20,"code":99581,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,99583,99584,99602],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99585,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99587,35880],{"class":34},[28,99589,39],{"class":38},[28,99591,15418],{"class":89},[28,99593,94],{"class":93},[28,99595,234],{"class":42},[28,99597,3858],{"class":46},[28,99599,234],{"class":42},[28,99601,101],{"class":93},[28,99603,99604,99606,99608,99610],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99605,115],{"class":114},[28,99607,94],{"class":93},[28,99609,35933],{"class":120},[28,99611,101],{"class":93},[1109,99613,99615],{"id":99614},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[18,99617,99619],{"className":20,"code":99618,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[25,99620,99621,99631],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99624,98061],{"class":34},[28,99626,39],{"class":38},[28,99628,15418],{"class":89},[28,99630,8420],{"class":93},[28,99632,99633,99635,99637,99639],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99634,115],{"class":114},[28,99636,94],{"class":93},[28,99638,98080],{"class":120},[28,99640,101],{"class":93},[172,99642,1104],{"id":1103},[14,99644,99645],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1109,99647,8194,99649,99651],{"id":99648},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[25,99650,3560],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99653,99654],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[18,99656,99658],{"className":20,"code":99657,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[25,99659,99660,99668],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99661,99662,99664,99666],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99663,2216],{"class":34},[28,99665,39],{"class":38},[28,99667,9617],{"class":93},[28,99669,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99671,115],{"class":114},[28,99673,94],{"class":93},[28,99675,311],{"class":89},[28,99677,94],{"class":93},[28,99679,2242],{"class":120},[28,99681,318],{"class":93},[14,99683,99684],{},"This prints:",[18,99686,99687],{"className":20,"code":8586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,99688,99689],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99690,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99692,346],{"class":38},[28,99694,350],{"class":349},[28,99696,61],{"class":42},[28,99698,8599],{"class":46},[28,99700,358],{"class":42},[28,99702,361],{"class":38},[14,99704,1631,99705,6406],{},[25,99706,3565],{},[1109,99708,99710],{"id":99709},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99712,99713],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[18,99715,99717],{"className":20,"code":99716,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,99718,99719,99747],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99720,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99722,3383],{"class":34},[28,99724,39],{"class":38},[28,99726,10270],{"class":93},[28,99728,2756],{"class":97},[28,99730,2759],{"class":93},[28,99732,5273],{"class":97},[28,99734,2759],{"class":93},[28,99736,2762],{"class":97},[28,99738,2759],{"class":93},[28,99740,2762],{"class":97},[28,99742,2759],{"class":93},[28,99744,2221],{"class":97},[28,99746,9087],{"class":93},[28,99748,99749,99751,99753,99755],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99750,115],{"class":114},[28,99752,94],{"class":93},[28,99754,3415],{"class":120},[28,99756,101],{"class":93},[14,99758,99759],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1109,99761,99763],{"id":99762},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99765,99766],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99768,99769],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[18,99771,99773],{"className":20,"code":99772,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[25,99774,99775,99795],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99776,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791,99793],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99778,3383],{"class":34},[28,99780,39],{"class":38},[28,99782,10270],{"class":93},[28,99784,2099],{"class":97},[28,99786,2759],{"class":93},[28,99788,7566],{"class":97},[28,99790,2759],{"class":93},[28,99792,7571],{"class":97},[28,99794,9087],{"class":93},[28,99796,99797],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99798,99799],{"class":1006},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99801,99802],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1109,99804,99806],{"id":99805},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99808,99809],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[18,99811,99813],{"className":20,"code":99812,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[25,99814,99815,99820],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99816,99817],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99818,99819],{"class":1006},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[28,99821,99822],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99823,99824],{"class":1006},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99826,99827,99828,385],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[25,99829,2775],{},[1109,99831,99833],{"id":99832},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99835,99836],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[18,99838,99840],{"className":20,"code":99839,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[25,99841,99842,99862,99894,99898,99912],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99843,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99845,15413],{"class":34},[28,99847,39],{"class":38},[28,99849,10270],{"class":93},[28,99851,2756],{"class":97},[28,99853,2759],{"class":93},[28,99855,2762],{"class":97},[28,99857,2759],{"class":93},[28,99859,2221],{"class":97},[28,99861,9087],{"class":93},[28,99863,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99865,11506],{"class":34},[28,99867,39],{"class":38},[28,99869,10270],{"class":93},[28,99871,234],{"class":42},[28,99873,381],{"class":46},[28,99875,234],{"class":42},[28,99877,271],{"class":93},[28,99879,5273],{"class":97},[28,99881,2759],{"class":93},[28,99883,43],{"class":42},[28,99885,4533],{"class":46},[28,99887,234],{"class":42},[28,99889,271],{"class":93},[28,99891,2762],{"class":97},[28,99893,9087],{"class":93},[28,99895,99896],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,99897,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,99899,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,99901,115],{"class":114},[28,99903,94],{"class":93},[28,99905,311],{"class":89},[28,99907,94],{"class":93},[28,99909,15451],{"class":120},[28,99911,318],{"class":93},[28,99913,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922,99924],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,99915,115],{"class":114},[28,99917,94],{"class":93},[28,99919,311],{"class":89},[28,99921,94],{"class":93},[28,99923,11230],{"class":120},[28,99925,318],{"class":93},[172,99927,92554],{"id":92553},[14,99929,99930],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[18,99932,99934],{"className":20,"code":99933,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[25,99935,99936,99962,99966,99980,99990,100004,100011],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,99937,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958,99960],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,99939,15413],{"class":34},[28,99941,39],{"class":38},[28,99943,15418],{"class":89},[28,99945,2753],{"class":93},[28,99947,2756],{"class":97},[28,99949,2759],{"class":93},[28,99951,2762],{"class":97},[28,99953,2759],{"class":93},[28,99955,2762],{"class":97},[28,99957,2759],{"class":93},[28,99959,2221],{"class":97},[28,99961,3657],{"class":93},[28,99963,99964],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,99965,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,99967,99968,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,99969,115],{"class":114},[28,99971,94],{"class":93},[28,99973,311],{"class":89},[28,99975,94],{"class":93},[28,99977,15451],{"class":120},[28,99979,318],{"class":93},[28,99981,99982,99984,99986,99988],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,99983,115],{"class":114},[28,99985,94],{"class":93},[28,99987,15451],{"class":120},[28,99989,101],{"class":93},[28,99991,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,99993,115],{"class":114},[28,99995,94],{"class":93},[28,99997,10941],{"class":114},[28,99999,94],{"class":93},[28,100001,15451],{"class":120},[28,100003,318],{"class":93},[28,100005,100006,100008],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,100007,115],{"class":114},[28,100009,100010],{"class":93},"({})\n",[28,100012,100013,100015,100017,100019],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,100014,115],{"class":114},[28,100016,94],{"class":93},[28,100018,6063],{"class":89},[28,100020,6970],{"class":93},[14,100022,100023],{},"Use these to confirm:",[177,100025,100026,100029,100032,100035],{},[180,100027,100028],{},"The object type",[180,100030,100031],{},"The actual values stored",[180,100033,100034],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[180,100036,100037,100038,1323,100040],{},"The difference between ",[25,100039,3560],{},[25,100041,3565],{},[172,100043,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,100045,100047],{"id":100046},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100049,100050,100051,100054,100055,100057],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[25,100052,100053],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[25,100056,3565],{}," with another iterable.",[1109,100059,100061],{"id":100060},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100063,1631,100064,100066,100067,100069],{},[25,100065,3565],{},". Empty braces ",[25,100068,3560],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1109,100071,100073],{"id":100072},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100075,100076],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1109,100078,100080],{"id":100079},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100082,100083],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1109,100085,100087],{"id":100086},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100089,100090],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[172,100092,1662],{"id":1661},[177,100094,100095,100099,100105,100111,100116],{},[180,100096,100097],{},[381,100098,96099],{"href":97270},[180,100100,100101],{},[381,100102,858,100103,1689],{"href":98271},[25,100104,95979],{},[180,100106,100107],{},[381,100108,858,100109,1689],{"href":98290},[25,100110,97085],{},[180,100112,100113],{},[381,100114,100115],{"href":98848},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[180,100117,100118],{},[381,100119,100120],{"href":98562},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100122,100123],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1699,100125,100126],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":100128},[100129,100130,100131,100132,100135,100141,100145,100146,100147,100153,100161,100162,100169],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":98534,"depth":53,"text":98535},{"id":98566,"depth":53,"text":98567,"children":100133},[100134],{"id":98635,"depth":70,"text":98636},{"id":98739,"depth":53,"text":100136,"children":100137},"Create a set with set()",[100138,100139,100140],{"id":98764,"depth":70,"text":98765},{"id":98852,"depth":70,"text":98853},{"id":98922,"depth":70,"text":98923},{"id":99007,"depth":53,"text":99008,"children":100142},[100143],{"id":99084,"depth":70,"text":100144},"Do not use {}",{"id":72047,"depth":53,"text":72048},{"id":99292,"depth":53,"text":99293},{"id":99464,"depth":53,"text":99465,"children":100148},[100149,100150,100151,100152],{"id":99468,"depth":70,"text":99469},{"id":99511,"depth":70,"text":99512},{"id":99578,"depth":70,"text":98923},{"id":99614,"depth":70,"text":99615},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":100154},[100155,100157,100158,100159,100160],{"id":99648,"depth":70,"text":100156},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99709,"depth":70,"text":99710},{"id":99762,"depth":70,"text":99763},{"id":99805,"depth":70,"text":99806},{"id":99832,"depth":70,"text":99833},{"id":92553,"depth":53,"text":92554},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":100163},[100164,100165,100166,100167,100168],{"id":100046,"depth":70,"text":100047},{"id":100060,"depth":70,"text":100061},{"id":100072,"depth":70,"text":100073},{"id":100079,"depth":70,"text":100080},{"id":100086,"depth":70,"text":100087},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98337,"description":100170},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100176,"title":100177,"body":100178,"description":102609,"extension":1730,"meta":102610,"navigation":107,"path":102611,"seo":102612,"stem":102613,"__hash__":102614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100179,"toc":102574},[100180,100186,100192,100195,100197,100274,100276,100293,100303,100305,100310,100318,100320,100336,100340,100342,100344,100347,100368,100371,100395,100401,100403,100500,100502,100519,100529,100531,100533,100541,100543,100554,100556,100647,100649,100673,100684,100686,100688,100691,100821,100823,100896,100898,100919,100922,100924,100930,100935,100938,101065,101067,101084,101087,101089,101097,101100,101104,101112,101203,101205,101242,101247,101254,101331,101333,101349,101354,101359,101361,101370,101378,101459,101461,101490,101493,101497,101508,101511,101594,101596,101617,101623,101625,101627,101631,101635,101642,101707,101709,101729,101732,101801,101803,101819,101823,101829,101841,101849,101851,101936,101938,101967,101970,101974,101979,101981,102031,102034,102115,102117,102133,102137,102140,102215,102218,102222,102225,102302,102304,102337,102343,102347,102350,102485,102487,102501,102503,102505,102511,102514,102521,102529,102535,102538,102542,102545,102547,102549,102571],[10,100181,95971,100183,11102],{"id":100182},"python-set-difference-method",[25,100184,100185],{},"difference()",[14,100187,100188,100191],{},[25,100189,100190],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100193,100194],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[172,100196,3373],{"id":3372},[18,100198,100200],{"className":20,"code":100199,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[25,100201,100202,100226,100246,100264],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100203,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100205,885],{"class":34},[28,100207,39],{"class":38},[28,100209,10270],{"class":93},[28,100211,2756],{"class":97},[28,100213,2759],{"class":93},[28,100215,2762],{"class":97},[28,100217,2759],{"class":93},[28,100219,2221],{"class":97},[28,100221,2759],{"class":93},[28,100223,2226],{"class":97},[28,100225,9087],{"class":93},[28,100227,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100229,899],{"class":34},[28,100231,39],{"class":38},[28,100233,10270],{"class":93},[28,100235,1831],{"class":97},[28,100237,2759],{"class":93},[28,100239,2226],{"class":97},[28,100241,2759],{"class":93},[28,100243,4376],{"class":97},[28,100245,9087],{"class":93},[28,100247,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,100249,1999],{"class":34},[28,100251,39],{"class":38},[28,100253,56667],{"class":34},[28,100255,385],{"class":93},[28,100257,2580],{"class":120},[28,100259,94],{"class":93},[28,100261,4533],{"class":120},[28,100263,101],{"class":93},[28,100265,100266,100268,100270,100272],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,100267,115],{"class":114},[28,100269,94],{"class":93},[28,100271,2033],{"class":120},[28,100273,101],{"class":93},[14,100275,336],{},[18,100277,100279],{"className":20,"code":100278,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2}\n",[25,100280,100281],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100282,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100284,9057],{"class":93},[28,100286,2756],{"class":97},[28,100288,2759],{"class":93},[28,100290,2762],{"class":97},[28,100292,9087],{"class":93},[14,100294,100295,100297,100298,100300,100301,385],{},[25,100296,100185],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[25,100299,381],{}," that are not in ",[25,100302,4533],{},[44705,100304],{},[172,100306,3445,100308,3448],{"id":100307},"what-difference-does",[25,100309,100185],{},[14,100311,679,100312,100314,100315,100317],{},[25,100313,100185],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[163,100316,4402],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100319,12836],{},[177,100321,100322,100327,100330,100333],{},[180,100323,100324,100326],{},[25,100325,100185],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[180,100328,100329],{},"It creates a new set",[180,100331,100332],{},"It does not change the original set",[180,100334,100335],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100337,96095,100338,385],{},[381,100339,96099],{"href":97270},[44705,100341],{},[172,100343,1927],{"id":1926},[14,100345,100346],{},"Use this form:",[18,100348,100350],{"className":20,"code":100349,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[25,100351,100352],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100353,100354,100357,100359,100361,100363,100366],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100355,100356],{"class":34},"set1",[28,100358,385],{"class":93},[28,100360,2580],{"class":120},[28,100362,94],{"class":93},[28,100364,100365],{"class":120},"set2",[28,100367,101],{"class":93},[14,100369,100370],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[18,100372,100374],{"className":20,"code":100373,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[25,100375,100376],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100377,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100393],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100379,100356],{"class":34},[28,100381,385],{"class":93},[28,100383,2580],{"class":120},[28,100385,94],{"class":93},[28,100387,100365],{"class":120},[28,100389,2759],{"class":93},[28,100391,100392],{"class":120}," set3",[28,100394,101],{"class":93},[14,100396,100397,100398,100400],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[163,100399,5128],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100402,924],{},[18,100404,100406],{"className":20,"code":100405,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[25,100407,100408,100436,100452,100464,100468,100490],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100409,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100411,885],{"class":34},[28,100413,39],{"class":38},[28,100415,10270],{"class":93},[28,100417,2756],{"class":97},[28,100419,2759],{"class":93},[28,100421,2762],{"class":97},[28,100423,2759],{"class":93},[28,100425,2221],{"class":97},[28,100427,2759],{"class":93},[28,100429,2226],{"class":97},[28,100431,2759],{"class":93},[28,100433,4376],{"class":97},[28,100435,9087],{"class":93},[28,100437,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100439,899],{"class":34},[28,100441,39],{"class":38},[28,100443,10270],{"class":93},[28,100445,1825],{"class":97},[28,100447,2759],{"class":93},[28,100449,2221],{"class":97},[28,100451,9087],{"class":93},[28,100453,100454,100456,100458,100460,100462],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,100455,82964],{"class":34},[28,100457,39],{"class":38},[28,100459,10270],{"class":93},[28,100461,1905],{"class":97},[28,100463,9087],{"class":93},[28,100465,100466],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,100467,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,100469,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,100471,1999],{"class":34},[28,100473,39],{"class":38},[28,100475,56667],{"class":34},[28,100477,385],{"class":93},[28,100479,2580],{"class":120},[28,100481,94],{"class":93},[28,100483,4533],{"class":120},[28,100485,2759],{"class":93},[28,100487,9460],{"class":120},[28,100489,101],{"class":93},[28,100491,100492,100494,100496,100498],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,100493,115],{"class":114},[28,100495,94],{"class":93},[28,100497,2033],{"class":120},[28,100499,101],{"class":93},[14,100501,336],{},[18,100503,100505],{"className":20,"code":100504,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 4}\n",[25,100506,100507],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100508,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100510,9057],{"class":93},[28,100512,2756],{"class":97},[28,100514,2759],{"class":93},[28,100516,2226],{"class":97},[28,100518,9087],{"class":93},[14,100520,100521,100522,100524,100525,474,100527,385],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[25,100523,381],{}," and removes anything found in ",[25,100526,4533],{},[25,100528,9518],{},[44705,100530],{},[172,100532,17205],{"id":17204},[14,100534,100535,100537,100538,385],{},[25,100536,100185],{}," always returns a ",[163,100539,100540],{},"new set",[14,100542,43438],{},[177,100544,100545,100548,100551],{},[180,100546,100547],{},"The return value is a new set",[180,100549,100550],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[180,100552,100553],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100555,924],{},[18,100557,100559],{"className":20,"code":100558,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,100560,100561,100577,100597,100601,100619,100623,100633],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100562,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100564,885],{"class":34},[28,100566,39],{"class":38},[28,100568,10270],{"class":93},[28,100570,2756],{"class":97},[28,100572,2759],{"class":93},[28,100574,2762],{"class":97},[28,100576,9087],{"class":93},[28,100578,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100580,899],{"class":34},[28,100582,39],{"class":38},[28,100584,10270],{"class":93},[28,100586,2756],{"class":97},[28,100588,2759],{"class":93},[28,100590,2762],{"class":97},[28,100592,2759],{"class":93},[28,100594,2221],{"class":97},[28,100596,9087],{"class":93},[28,100598,100599],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,100600,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,100602,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,100604,1999],{"class":34},[28,100606,39],{"class":38},[28,100608,56667],{"class":34},[28,100610,385],{"class":93},[28,100612,2580],{"class":120},[28,100614,94],{"class":93},[28,100616,4533],{"class":120},[28,100618,101],{"class":93},[28,100620,100621],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,100622,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,100624,100625,100627,100629,100631],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,100626,115],{"class":114},[28,100628,94],{"class":93},[28,100630,2033],{"class":120},[28,100632,101],{"class":93},[28,100634,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,100636,115],{"class":114},[28,100638,94],{"class":93},[28,100640,311],{"class":89},[28,100642,94],{"class":93},[28,100644,2033],{"class":120},[28,100646,318],{"class":93},[14,100648,336],{},[18,100650,100651],{"className":20,"code":99059,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,100652,100653,100659],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100654,100655,100657],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100656,6063],{"class":89},[28,100658,8420],{"class":93},[28,100660,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100662,346],{"class":38},[28,100664,350],{"class":349},[28,100666,61],{"class":42},[28,100668,6063],{"class":46},[28,100670,358],{"class":42},[28,100672,361],{"class":38},[14,100674,100675,100676,18751,100678,100680,100681,100683],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[25,100677,3565],{},[25,100679,3560],{},". In Python, ",[25,100682,3560],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44705,100685],{},[172,100687,11256],{"id":11255},[14,100689,100690],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[18,100692,100694],{"className":20,"code":100693,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[25,100695,100696,100729,100762,100766,100786,100790,100800,100811],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100697,100698,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100699,100700],{"class":34},"fruits_a ",[28,100702,39],{"class":38},[28,100704,10270],{"class":93},[28,100706,234],{"class":42},[28,100708,3849],{"class":46},[28,100710,234],{"class":42},[28,100712,2759],{"class":93},[28,100714,43],{"class":42},[28,100716,3858],{"class":46},[28,100718,234],{"class":42},[28,100720,2759],{"class":93},[28,100722,43],{"class":42},[28,100724,33012],{"class":46},[28,100726,234],{"class":42},[28,100728,9087],{"class":93},[28,100730,100731,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100732,100733],{"class":34},"fruits_b ",[28,100735,39],{"class":38},[28,100737,10270],{"class":93},[28,100739,234],{"class":42},[28,100741,3858],{"class":46},[28,100743,234],{"class":42},[28,100745,2759],{"class":93},[28,100747,43],{"class":42},[28,100749,33012],{"class":46},[28,100751,234],{"class":42},[28,100753,2759],{"class":93},[28,100755,43],{"class":42},[28,100757,22320],{"class":46},[28,100759,234],{"class":42},[28,100761,9087],{"class":93},[28,100763,100764],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,100765,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,100767,100768,100770,100772,100775,100777,100779,100781,100784],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,100769,1999],{"class":34},[28,100771,39],{"class":38},[28,100773,100774],{"class":34}," fruits_a",[28,100776,385],{"class":93},[28,100778,2580],{"class":120},[28,100780,94],{"class":93},[28,100782,100783],{"class":120},"fruits_b",[28,100785,101],{"class":93},[28,100787,100788],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,100789,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,100791,100792,100794,100796,100798],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,100793,115],{"class":114},[28,100795,94],{"class":93},[28,100797,2033],{"class":120},[28,100799,101],{"class":93},[28,100801,100802,100804,100806,100809],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,100803,115],{"class":114},[28,100805,94],{"class":93},[28,100807,100808],{"class":120},"fruits_a",[28,100810,101],{"class":93},[28,100812,100813,100815,100817,100819],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,100814,115],{"class":114},[28,100816,94],{"class":93},[28,100818,100783],{"class":120},[28,100820,101],{"class":93},[14,100822,29819],{},[18,100824,100826],{"className":20,"code":100825,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[25,100827,100828,100840,100868],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100829,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100831,9057],{"class":93},[28,100833,358],{"class":42},[28,100835,3849],{"class":46},[28,100837,358],{"class":42},[28,100839,9087],{"class":93},[28,100841,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100843,9057],{"class":93},[28,100845,358],{"class":42},[28,100847,3858],{"class":46},[28,100849,358],{"class":42},[28,100851,2759],{"class":93},[28,100853,61],{"class":42},[28,100855,33012],{"class":46},[28,100857,358],{"class":42},[28,100859,2759],{"class":93},[28,100861,61],{"class":42},[28,100863,3849],{"class":46},[28,100865,358],{"class":42},[28,100867,9087],{"class":93},[28,100869,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,100871,9057],{"class":93},[28,100873,358],{"class":42},[28,100875,3858],{"class":46},[28,100877,358],{"class":42},[28,100879,2759],{"class":93},[28,100881,61],{"class":42},[28,100883,33012],{"class":46},[28,100885,358],{"class":42},[28,100887,2759],{"class":93},[28,100889,61],{"class":42},[28,100891,22320],{"class":46},[28,100893,358],{"class":42},[28,100895,9087],{"class":93},[14,100897,11465],{},[177,100899,100900,100905,100910,100916],{},[180,100901,100902,100903],{},"Start with ",[25,100904,100808],{},[180,100906,100907,100908],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[25,100909,100783],{},[180,100911,100912,100913,100915],{},"Only ",[25,100914,57613],{}," remains",[180,100917,100918],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100920,100921],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44705,100923],{},[172,100925,8194,100927,100929],{"id":100926},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[25,100928,100185],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100931,100932,100933,385],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[25,100934,100185],{},[14,100936,100937],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[18,100939,100941],{"className":20,"code":100940,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[25,100942,100943,100975,100992,101005,101022,101026,101055],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,100944,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,100946,3383],{"class":34},[28,100948,39],{"class":38},[28,100950,10270],{"class":93},[28,100952,2756],{"class":97},[28,100954,2759],{"class":93},[28,100956,2762],{"class":97},[28,100958,2759],{"class":93},[28,100960,2221],{"class":97},[28,100962,2759],{"class":93},[28,100964,2226],{"class":97},[28,100966,2759],{"class":93},[28,100968,4376],{"class":97},[28,100970,2759],{"class":93},[28,100972,37435],{"class":97},[28,100974,9087],{"class":93},[28,100976,100977,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,100978,100979],{"class":34},"group_a ",[28,100981,39],{"class":38},[28,100983,10270],{"class":93},[28,100985,1825],{"class":97},[28,100987,2759],{"class":93},[28,100989,2226],{"class":97},[28,100991,9087],{"class":93},[28,100993,100994,100997,100999,101001,101003],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,100995,100996],{"class":34},"group_b ",[28,100998,39],{"class":38},[28,101000,10270],{"class":93},[28,101002,1905],{"class":97},[28,101004,9087],{"class":93},[28,101006,101007,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101008,101009],{"class":34},"group_c ",[28,101011,39],{"class":38},[28,101013,10270],{"class":93},[28,101015,80372],{"class":97},[28,101017,2759],{"class":93},[28,101019,5770],{"class":97},[28,101021,9087],{"class":93},[28,101023,101024],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101025,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101027,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101043,101045,101048,101050,101053],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,101029,1999],{"class":34},[28,101031,39],{"class":38},[28,101033,4034],{"class":34},[28,101035,385],{"class":93},[28,101037,2580],{"class":120},[28,101039,94],{"class":93},[28,101041,101042],{"class":120},"group_a",[28,101044,2759],{"class":93},[28,101046,101047],{"class":120}," group_b",[28,101049,2759],{"class":93},[28,101051,101052],{"class":120}," group_c",[28,101054,101],{"class":93},[28,101056,101057,101059,101061,101063],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,101058,115],{"class":114},[28,101060,94],{"class":93},[28,101062,2033],{"class":120},[28,101064,101],{"class":93},[14,101066,336],{},[18,101068,101070],{"className":20,"code":101069,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 3}\n",[25,101071,101072],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101073,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101075,9057],{"class":93},[28,101077,2756],{"class":97},[28,101079,2759],{"class":93},[28,101081,2221],{"class":97},[28,101083,9087],{"class":93},[14,101085,101086],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44705,101088],{},[172,101090,101092,10365,101094],{"id":101091},"difference-vs-difference_update",[25,101093,100185],{},[25,101095,101096],{},"difference_update()",[14,101098,101099],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1109,101101,101102],{"id":2580},[25,101103,100185],{},[177,101105,101106,101109],{},[180,101107,101108],{},"Returns a new set",[180,101110,101111],{},"Does not change the original set",[18,101113,101115],{"className":20,"code":101114,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[25,101116,101117,101141,101157,101161,101179,101183,101193],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101118,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101120,885],{"class":34},[28,101122,39],{"class":38},[28,101124,10270],{"class":93},[28,101126,2756],{"class":97},[28,101128,2759],{"class":93},[28,101130,2762],{"class":97},[28,101132,2759],{"class":93},[28,101134,2221],{"class":97},[28,101136,2759],{"class":93},[28,101138,2226],{"class":97},[28,101140,9087],{"class":93},[28,101142,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101144,899],{"class":34},[28,101146,39],{"class":38},[28,101148,10270],{"class":93},[28,101150,1831],{"class":97},[28,101152,2759],{"class":93},[28,101154,2226],{"class":97},[28,101156,9087],{"class":93},[28,101158,101159],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101160,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101162,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101164,1999],{"class":34},[28,101166,39],{"class":38},[28,101168,56667],{"class":34},[28,101170,385],{"class":93},[28,101172,2580],{"class":120},[28,101174,94],{"class":93},[28,101176,4533],{"class":120},[28,101178,101],{"class":93},[28,101180,101181],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101182,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,101186,115],{"class":114},[28,101188,94],{"class":93},[28,101190,2033],{"class":120},[28,101192,101],{"class":93},[28,101194,101195,101197,101199,101201],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,101196,115],{"class":114},[28,101198,94],{"class":93},[28,101200,381],{"class":120},[28,101202,101],{"class":93},[14,101204,336],{},[18,101206,101208],{"className":20,"code":101207,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,101209,101210,101222],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101211,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101213,9057],{"class":93},[28,101215,2756],{"class":97},[28,101217,2759],{"class":93},[28,101219,2762],{"class":97},[28,101221,9087],{"class":93},[28,101223,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101225,9057],{"class":93},[28,101227,2756],{"class":97},[28,101229,2759],{"class":93},[28,101231,2762],{"class":97},[28,101233,2759],{"class":93},[28,101235,2221],{"class":97},[28,101237,2759],{"class":93},[28,101239,2226],{"class":97},[28,101241,9087],{"class":93},[1109,101243,101245],{"id":101244},"difference_update",[25,101246,101096],{},[177,101248,101249,101252],{},[180,101250,101251],{},"Changes the original set",[180,101253,96089],{},[18,101255,101257],{"className":20,"code":101256,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[25,101258,101259,101283,101299,101303,101317,101321],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101260,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101262,885],{"class":34},[28,101264,39],{"class":38},[28,101266,10270],{"class":93},[28,101268,2756],{"class":97},[28,101270,2759],{"class":93},[28,101272,2762],{"class":97},[28,101274,2759],{"class":93},[28,101276,2221],{"class":97},[28,101278,2759],{"class":93},[28,101280,2226],{"class":97},[28,101282,9087],{"class":93},[28,101284,101285,101287,101289,101291,101293,101295,101297],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101286,899],{"class":34},[28,101288,39],{"class":38},[28,101290,10270],{"class":93},[28,101292,1831],{"class":97},[28,101294,2759],{"class":93},[28,101296,2226],{"class":97},[28,101298,9087],{"class":93},[28,101300,101301],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101302,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101304,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101306,381],{"class":34},[28,101308,385],{"class":93},[28,101310,101244],{"class":120},[28,101312,94],{"class":93},[28,101314,4533],{"class":120},[28,101316,101],{"class":93},[28,101318,101319],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101320,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101322,101323,101325,101327,101329],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,101324,115],{"class":114},[28,101326,94],{"class":93},[28,101328,381],{"class":120},[28,101330,101],{"class":93},[14,101332,336],{},[18,101334,101335],{"className":20,"code":100278,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,101336,101337],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101338,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101340,9057],{"class":93},[28,101342,2756],{"class":97},[28,101344,2759],{"class":93},[28,101346,2762],{"class":97},[28,101348,9087],{"class":93},[14,101350,1631,101351,101353],{},[25,101352,100185],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101355,101356,101357,33392],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[25,101358,101096],{},[44705,101360],{},[172,101362,101364,101366,101367,101369],{"id":101363},"difference-vs-the-operator",[25,101365,100185],{}," vs the ",[25,101368,1790],{}," operator",[14,101371,679,101372,101374,101375,101377],{},[25,101373,1790],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[25,101376,100185],{}," for two sets.",[18,101379,101381],{"className":20,"code":101380,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[25,101382,101383,101407,101423,101427,101445],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101386,885],{"class":34},[28,101388,39],{"class":38},[28,101390,10270],{"class":93},[28,101392,2756],{"class":97},[28,101394,2759],{"class":93},[28,101396,2762],{"class":97},[28,101398,2759],{"class":93},[28,101400,2221],{"class":97},[28,101402,2759],{"class":93},[28,101404,2226],{"class":97},[28,101406,9087],{"class":93},[28,101408,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101410,899],{"class":34},[28,101412,39],{"class":38},[28,101414,10270],{"class":93},[28,101416,1831],{"class":97},[28,101418,2759],{"class":93},[28,101420,2226],{"class":97},[28,101422,9087],{"class":93},[28,101424,101425],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101426,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101428,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101430,115],{"class":114},[28,101432,94],{"class":93},[28,101434,381],{"class":120},[28,101436,385],{"class":93},[28,101438,2580],{"class":120},[28,101440,94],{"class":93},[28,101442,4533],{"class":120},[28,101444,318],{"class":93},[28,101446,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101448,115],{"class":114},[28,101450,94],{"class":93},[28,101452,885],{"class":120},[28,101454,1790],{"class":38},[28,101456,2329],{"class":120},[28,101458,101],{"class":93},[14,101460,336],{},[18,101462,101464],{"className":20,"code":101463,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[25,101465,101466,101478],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101467,101468,101470,101472,101474,101476],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101469,9057],{"class":93},[28,101471,2756],{"class":97},[28,101473,2759],{"class":93},[28,101475,2762],{"class":97},[28,101477,9087],{"class":93},[28,101479,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101481,9057],{"class":93},[28,101483,2756],{"class":97},[28,101485,2759],{"class":93},[28,101487,2762],{"class":97},[28,101489,9087],{"class":93},[14,101491,101492],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101494,94359,101495,2262],{},[25,101496,100185],{},[177,101498,101499,101502,101505],{},[180,101500,101501],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[180,101503,101504],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[180,101506,101507],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101509,101510],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[18,101512,101514],{"className":20,"code":101513,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[25,101515,101516,101544,101556,101568,101572],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101519,885],{"class":34},[28,101521,39],{"class":38},[28,101523,10270],{"class":93},[28,101525,2756],{"class":97},[28,101527,2759],{"class":93},[28,101529,2762],{"class":97},[28,101531,2759],{"class":93},[28,101533,2221],{"class":97},[28,101535,2759],{"class":93},[28,101537,2226],{"class":97},[28,101539,2759],{"class":93},[28,101541,4376],{"class":97},[28,101543,9087],{"class":93},[28,101545,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101547,899],{"class":34},[28,101549,39],{"class":38},[28,101551,10270],{"class":93},[28,101553,1825],{"class":97},[28,101555,9087],{"class":93},[28,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101559,82964],{"class":34},[28,101561,39],{"class":38},[28,101563,10270],{"class":93},[28,101565,2275],{"class":97},[28,101567,9087],{"class":93},[28,101569,101570],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101571,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101573,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101575,115],{"class":114},[28,101577,94],{"class":93},[28,101579,381],{"class":120},[28,101581,385],{"class":93},[28,101583,2580],{"class":120},[28,101585,94],{"class":93},[28,101587,4533],{"class":120},[28,101589,2759],{"class":93},[28,101591,9460],{"class":120},[28,101593,318],{"class":93},[14,101595,336],{},[18,101597,101599],{"className":20,"code":101598,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[25,101600,101601],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101602,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101604,9057],{"class":93},[28,101606,2756],{"class":97},[28,101608,2759],{"class":93},[28,101610,2221],{"class":97},[28,101612,2759],{"class":93},[28,101614,4376],{"class":97},[28,101616,9087],{"class":93},[14,101618,101619,101620,101622],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[25,101621,1790],{}," operator expression.",[44705,101624],{},[172,101626,4290],{"id":4289},[14,101628,20999,101629,385],{},[25,101630,100185],{},[1109,101632,101634],{"id":101633},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101636,4399,101637,101639,101640,271],{},[163,101638,4402],{}," change ",[25,101641,381],{},[18,101643,101645],{"className":20,"code":101644,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[25,101646,101647,101667,101679,101683,101697],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101648,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101650,885],{"class":34},[28,101652,39],{"class":38},[28,101654,10270],{"class":93},[28,101656,2756],{"class":97},[28,101658,2759],{"class":93},[28,101660,2762],{"class":97},[28,101662,2759],{"class":93},[28,101664,2221],{"class":97},[28,101666,9087],{"class":93},[28,101668,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101670,899],{"class":34},[28,101672,39],{"class":38},[28,101674,10270],{"class":93},[28,101676,1831],{"class":97},[28,101678,9087],{"class":93},[28,101680,101681],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101682,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101684,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101686,381],{"class":34},[28,101688,385],{"class":93},[28,101690,2580],{"class":120},[28,101692,94],{"class":93},[28,101694,4533],{"class":120},[28,101696,101],{"class":93},[28,101698,101699,101701,101703,101705],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101700,115],{"class":114},[28,101702,94],{"class":93},[28,101704,381],{"class":120},[28,101706,101],{"class":93},[14,101708,336],{},[18,101710,101711],{"className":20,"code":96378,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,101712,101713],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101714,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101716,9057],{"class":93},[28,101718,2756],{"class":97},[28,101720,2759],{"class":93},[28,101722,2762],{"class":97},[28,101724,2759],{"class":93},[28,101726,2221],{"class":97},[28,101728,9087],{"class":93},[14,101730,101731],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[18,101733,101735],{"className":20,"code":101734,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[25,101736,101737,101757,101769,101773,101791],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101738,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101740,885],{"class":34},[28,101742,39],{"class":38},[28,101744,10270],{"class":93},[28,101746,2756],{"class":97},[28,101748,2759],{"class":93},[28,101750,2762],{"class":97},[28,101752,2759],{"class":93},[28,101754,2221],{"class":97},[28,101756,9087],{"class":93},[28,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101760,899],{"class":34},[28,101762,39],{"class":38},[28,101764,10270],{"class":93},[28,101766,1831],{"class":97},[28,101768,9087],{"class":93},[28,101770,101771],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101772,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101774,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101776,885],{"class":34},[28,101778,39],{"class":38},[28,101780,56667],{"class":34},[28,101782,385],{"class":93},[28,101784,2580],{"class":120},[28,101786,94],{"class":93},[28,101788,4533],{"class":120},[28,101790,101],{"class":93},[28,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101794,115],{"class":114},[28,101796,94],{"class":93},[28,101798,381],{"class":120},[28,101800,101],{"class":93},[14,101802,336],{},[18,101804,101805],{"className":20,"code":100278,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,101806,101807],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101810,9057],{"class":93},[28,101812,2756],{"class":97},[28,101814,2759],{"class":93},[28,101816,2762],{"class":97},[28,101818,9087],{"class":93},[1109,101820,101822],{"id":101821},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101824,101825,101828],{},[25,101826,101827],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[177,101830,101831,101836],{},[180,101832,101833,101834],{},"keep items from ",[25,101835,381],{},[180,101837,101838,101839],{},"remove anything also in ",[25,101840,4533],{},[14,101842,40698,101843,101845,101846,101848],{},[163,101844,4402],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[25,101847,4533],{},"”.",[14,101850,924],{},[18,101852,101854],{"className":20,"code":101853,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[25,101855,101856,101876,101896,101900,101918],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101857,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101859,885],{"class":34},[28,101861,39],{"class":38},[28,101863,10270],{"class":93},[28,101865,2756],{"class":97},[28,101867,2759],{"class":93},[28,101869,2762],{"class":97},[28,101871,2759],{"class":93},[28,101873,2221],{"class":97},[28,101875,9087],{"class":93},[28,101877,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101879,899],{"class":34},[28,101881,39],{"class":38},[28,101883,10270],{"class":93},[28,101885,1831],{"class":97},[28,101887,2759],{"class":93},[28,101889,2226],{"class":97},[28,101891,2759],{"class":93},[28,101893,4376],{"class":97},[28,101895,9087],{"class":93},[28,101897,101898],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,101899,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,101901,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,101903,115],{"class":114},[28,101905,94],{"class":93},[28,101907,381],{"class":120},[28,101909,385],{"class":93},[28,101911,2580],{"class":120},[28,101913,94],{"class":93},[28,101915,4533],{"class":120},[28,101917,318],{"class":93},[28,101919,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,101921,115],{"class":114},[28,101923,94],{"class":93},[28,101925,4533],{"class":120},[28,101927,385],{"class":93},[28,101929,2580],{"class":120},[28,101931,94],{"class":93},[28,101933,381],{"class":120},[28,101935,318],{"class":93},[14,101937,336],{},[18,101939,101941],{"className":20,"code":101940,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[25,101942,101943,101955],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101944,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101946,9057],{"class":93},[28,101948,2756],{"class":97},[28,101950,2759],{"class":93},[28,101952,2762],{"class":97},[28,101954,9087],{"class":93},[28,101956,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,101958,9057],{"class":93},[28,101960,2275],{"class":97},[28,101962,2759],{"class":93},[28,101964,4376],{"class":97},[28,101966,9087],{"class":93},[14,101968,101969],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1109,101971,101973],{"id":101972},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101975,101976,101978],{},[25,101977,100185],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101980,55099],{},[18,101982,101984],{"className":20,"code":101983,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[25,101985,101986,102006,102022,102026],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,101989,885],{"class":34},[28,101991,39],{"class":38},[28,101993,3388],{"class":93},[28,101995,2756],{"class":97},[28,101997,2759],{"class":93},[28,101999,2762],{"class":97},[28,102001,2759],{"class":93},[28,102003,2221],{"class":97},[28,102005,3401],{"class":93},[28,102007,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102009,899],{"class":34},[28,102011,39],{"class":38},[28,102013,3388],{"class":93},[28,102015,1831],{"class":97},[28,102017,2759],{"class":93},[28,102019,2226],{"class":97},[28,102021,3401],{"class":93},[28,102023,102024],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102025,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,102027,102028],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,102029,102030],{"class":1006},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102032,102033],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[18,102035,102037],{"className":20,"code":102036,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[25,102038,102039,102059,102075,102079,102105],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102040,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102042,885],{"class":34},[28,102044,39],{"class":38},[28,102046,3388],{"class":93},[28,102048,2756],{"class":97},[28,102050,2759],{"class":93},[28,102052,2762],{"class":97},[28,102054,2759],{"class":93},[28,102056,2221],{"class":97},[28,102058,3401],{"class":93},[28,102060,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102062,899],{"class":34},[28,102064,39],{"class":38},[28,102066,3388],{"class":93},[28,102068,1831],{"class":97},[28,102070,2759],{"class":93},[28,102072,2226],{"class":97},[28,102074,3401],{"class":93},[28,102076,102077],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102078,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,102080,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,102082,1999],{"class":34},[28,102084,39],{"class":38},[28,102086,15418],{"class":89},[28,102088,94],{"class":93},[28,102090,381],{"class":120},[28,102092,8408],{"class":93},[28,102094,2580],{"class":120},[28,102096,94],{"class":93},[28,102098,6063],{"class":89},[28,102100,94],{"class":93},[28,102102,4533],{"class":120},[28,102104,318],{"class":93},[28,102106,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,102108,115],{"class":114},[28,102110,94],{"class":93},[28,102112,2033],{"class":120},[28,102114,101],{"class":93},[14,102116,336],{},[18,102118,102119],{"className":20,"code":100278,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,102120,102121],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102122,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102124,9057],{"class":93},[28,102126,2756],{"class":97},[28,102128,2759],{"class":93},[28,102130,2762],{"class":97},[28,102132,9087],{"class":93},[1109,102134,102136],{"id":102135},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102138,102139],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[18,102141,102143],{"className":20,"code":102142,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[25,102144,102145,102177,102193,102197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102148,885],{"class":34},[28,102150,39],{"class":38},[28,102152,10270],{"class":93},[28,102154,234],{"class":42},[28,102156,36838],{"class":46},[28,102158,234],{"class":42},[28,102160,2759],{"class":93},[28,102162,43],{"class":42},[28,102164,57907],{"class":46},[28,102166,234],{"class":42},[28,102168,2759],{"class":93},[28,102170,43],{"class":42},[28,102172,57924],{"class":46},[28,102174,234],{"class":42},[28,102176,9087],{"class":93},[28,102178,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102180,899],{"class":34},[28,102182,39],{"class":38},[28,102184,10270],{"class":93},[28,102186,234],{"class":42},[28,102188,57907],{"class":46},[28,102190,234],{"class":42},[28,102192,9087],{"class":93},[28,102194,102195],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102196,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,102198,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,102200,115],{"class":114},[28,102202,94],{"class":93},[28,102204,381],{"class":120},[28,102206,385],{"class":93},[28,102208,2580],{"class":120},[28,102210,94],{"class":93},[28,102212,4533],{"class":120},[28,102214,318],{"class":93},[14,102216,102217],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1109,102219,102221],{"id":102220},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102223,102224],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[18,102226,102228],{"className":20,"code":102227,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[25,102229,102230,102258,102270,102274,102284],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102231,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102233,885],{"class":34},[28,102235,39],{"class":38},[28,102237,10270],{"class":93},[28,102239,2756],{"class":97},[28,102241,2759],{"class":93},[28,102243,5273],{"class":97},[28,102245,2759],{"class":93},[28,102247,2762],{"class":97},[28,102249,2759],{"class":93},[28,102251,2762],{"class":97},[28,102253,2759],{"class":93},[28,102255,2221],{"class":97},[28,102257,9087],{"class":93},[28,102259,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102261,899],{"class":34},[28,102263,39],{"class":38},[28,102265,10270],{"class":93},[28,102267,1831],{"class":97},[28,102269,9087],{"class":93},[28,102271,102272],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102273,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,102275,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,102277,115],{"class":114},[28,102279,94],{"class":93},[28,102281,381],{"class":120},[28,102283,101],{"class":93},[28,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,102287,115],{"class":114},[28,102289,94],{"class":93},[28,102291,381],{"class":120},[28,102293,385],{"class":93},[28,102295,2580],{"class":120},[28,102297,94],{"class":93},[28,102299,4533],{"class":120},[28,102301,318],{"class":93},[14,102303,336],{},[18,102305,102307],{"className":20,"code":102306,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[25,102308,102309,102325],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102310,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102312,9057],{"class":93},[28,102314,2756],{"class":97},[28,102316,2759],{"class":93},[28,102318,2762],{"class":97},[28,102320,2759],{"class":93},[28,102322,2221],{"class":97},[28,102324,9087],{"class":93},[28,102326,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102328,9057],{"class":93},[28,102330,2756],{"class":97},[28,102332,2759],{"class":93},[28,102334,2762],{"class":97},[28,102336,9087],{"class":93},[14,102338,102339,102340,102342],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[25,102341,100185],{}," runs.",[1109,102344,102346],{"id":102345},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102348,102349],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[18,102351,102353],{"className":20,"code":102352,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[25,102354,102355,102379,102399,102403,102413,102423,102441,102463],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102356,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102358,885],{"class":34},[28,102360,39],{"class":38},[28,102362,10270],{"class":93},[28,102364,2756],{"class":97},[28,102366,2759],{"class":93},[28,102368,2762],{"class":97},[28,102370,2759],{"class":93},[28,102372,2221],{"class":97},[28,102374,2759],{"class":93},[28,102376,2226],{"class":97},[28,102378,9087],{"class":93},[28,102380,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102382,899],{"class":34},[28,102384,39],{"class":38},[28,102386,10270],{"class":93},[28,102388,1831],{"class":97},[28,102390,2759],{"class":93},[28,102392,2226],{"class":97},[28,102394,2759],{"class":93},[28,102396,4376],{"class":97},[28,102398,9087],{"class":93},[28,102400,102401],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102402,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,102404,102405,102407,102409,102411],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,102406,115],{"class":114},[28,102408,94],{"class":93},[28,102410,381],{"class":120},[28,102412,101],{"class":93},[28,102414,102415,102417,102419,102421],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,102416,115],{"class":114},[28,102418,94],{"class":93},[28,102420,4533],{"class":120},[28,102422,101],{"class":93},[28,102424,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,102426,115],{"class":114},[28,102428,94],{"class":93},[28,102430,381],{"class":120},[28,102432,385],{"class":93},[28,102434,2580],{"class":120},[28,102436,94],{"class":93},[28,102438,4533],{"class":120},[28,102440,318],{"class":93},[28,102442,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,102444,115],{"class":114},[28,102446,94],{"class":93},[28,102448,311],{"class":89},[28,102450,94],{"class":93},[28,102452,381],{"class":120},[28,102454,385],{"class":93},[28,102456,2580],{"class":120},[28,102458,94],{"class":93},[28,102460,4533],{"class":120},[28,102462,2679],{"class":93},[28,102464,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,102466,115],{"class":114},[28,102468,94],{"class":93},[28,102470,10941],{"class":114},[28,102472,94],{"class":93},[28,102474,381],{"class":120},[28,102476,385],{"class":93},[28,102478,2580],{"class":120},[28,102480,94],{"class":93},[28,102482,4533],{"class":120},[28,102484,2679],{"class":93},[14,102486,10950],{},[177,102488,102489,102492,102495,102498],{},[180,102490,102491],{},"what is in each set",[180,102493,102494],{},"what result Python creates",[180,102496,102497],{},"that the result is a set",[180,102499,102500],{},"how many items remain",[44705,102502],{},[172,102504,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,102506,12487,102508,102510],{"id":102507},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[25,102509,100185],{}," change the original set?",[14,102512,102513],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1109,102515,4953,102517,1323,102519,2262],{"id":102516},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[25,102518,100185],{},[25,102520,101096],{},[14,102522,102523,102525,102526,102528],{},[25,102524,100185],{}," returns a new set. ",[25,102527,101096],{}," modifies the original set.",[1109,102530,28118,102532,102534],{"id":102531},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[25,102533,100185],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102536,102537],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1109,102539,102541],{"id":102540},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102543,102544],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44705,102546],{},[172,102548,1662],{"id":1661},[177,102550,102551,102555,102563],{},[180,102552,102553],{},[381,102554,96099],{"href":97270},[180,102556,102557],{},[381,102558,96585,102560,1689],{"href":102559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[25,102561,102562],{},"intersection()",[180,102564,102565],{},[381,102566,96585,102568,1689],{"href":102567},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[25,102569,102570],{},"union()",[1699,102572,102573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":102575},[102576,102577,102579,102580,102581,102582,102584,102589,102591,102599,102608],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":100307,"depth":53,"text":102578},"What difference() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":100926,"depth":53,"text":102583},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101091,"depth":53,"text":102585,"children":102586},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102587,102588],{"id":2580,"depth":70,"text":100185},{"id":101244,"depth":70,"text":101096},{"id":101363,"depth":53,"text":102590},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":102592},[102593,102594,102595,102596,102597,102598],{"id":101633,"depth":70,"text":101634},{"id":101821,"depth":70,"text":101822},{"id":101972,"depth":70,"text":101973},{"id":102135,"depth":70,"text":102136},{"id":102220,"depth":70,"text":102221},{"id":102345,"depth":70,"text":102346},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":102600},[102601,102603,102605,102607],{"id":102507,"depth":70,"text":102602},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102516,"depth":70,"text":102604},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102531,"depth":70,"text":102606},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102540,"depth":70,"text":102541},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100177,"description":102609},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102616,"title":102617,"body":102618,"description":104313,"extension":1730,"meta":104314,"navigation":107,"path":104315,"seo":104316,"stem":104317,"__hash__":104318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102619,"toc":104275},[102620,102626,102632,102645,102647,102748,102750,102795,102800,102805,102809,102823,102826,102834,102836,102855,102873,102877,102930,102932,102953,102960,102965,102992,102999,103098,103100,103137,103145,103149,103155,103158,103231,103233,103241,103246,103315,103317,103342,103344,103347,103450,103452,103513,103516,103520,103526,103599,103601,103634,103637,103640,103680,103686,103709,103714,103718,103729,103732,103734,103738,103744,103746,103803,103813,103815,103868,103875,103880,103948,103956,103962,103966,103968,104007,104012,104061,104065,104068,104070,104109,104112,104114,104119,104176,104178,104192,104194,104198,104204,104209,104214,104221,104232,104238,104243,104245,104272],[10,102621,95971,102623,11102],{"id":102622},"python-set-discard-method",[25,102624,102625],{},"discard()",[14,102627,102628,102631],{},[25,102629,102630],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102633,102634,102635,1959,102640,13839,102642,102644],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[381,102636,102637],{"href":97980},[25,102638,102639],{},"set.remove()",[25,102641,102625],{},[163,102643,4402],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[172,102646,1771],{"id":1770},[18,102648,102650],{"className":20,"code":102649,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[25,102651,102652,102684,102703,102713,102717,102738],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102653,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102655,12860],{"class":34},[28,102657,39],{"class":38},[28,102659,10270],{"class":93},[28,102661,234],{"class":42},[28,102663,12877],{"class":46},[28,102665,234],{"class":42},[28,102667,2759],{"class":93},[28,102669,43],{"class":42},[28,102671,12894],{"class":46},[28,102673,234],{"class":42},[28,102675,2759],{"class":93},[28,102677,43],{"class":42},[28,102679,17242],{"class":46},[28,102681,234],{"class":42},[28,102683,9087],{"class":93},[28,102685,102686,102688,102690,102693,102695,102697,102699,102701],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102687,17289],{"class":34},[28,102689,385],{"class":93},[28,102691,102692],{"class":120},"discard",[28,102694,94],{"class":93},[28,102696,234],{"class":42},[28,102698,12894],{"class":46},[28,102700,234],{"class":42},[28,102702,101],{"class":93},[28,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102706,115],{"class":114},[28,102708,94],{"class":93},[28,102710,17289],{"class":120},[28,102712,101],{"class":93},[28,102714,102715],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,102716,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,102718,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,102720,17289],{"class":34},[28,102722,385],{"class":93},[28,102724,102692],{"class":120},[28,102726,94],{"class":93},[28,102728,234],{"class":42},[28,102730,22311],{"class":46},[28,102732,234],{"class":42},[28,102734,3428],{"class":93},[28,102736,102737],{"class":1006},"  # no error if missing\n",[28,102739,102740,102742,102744,102746],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,102741,115],{"class":114},[28,102743,94],{"class":93},[28,102745,17289],{"class":120},[28,102747,101],{"class":93},[14,102749,29819],{},[18,102751,102753],{"className":20,"code":102752,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[25,102754,102755,102775],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102756,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102758,9057],{"class":93},[28,102760,358],{"class":42},[28,102762,12877],{"class":46},[28,102764,358],{"class":42},[28,102766,2759],{"class":93},[28,102768,61],{"class":42},[28,102770,17242],{"class":46},[28,102772,358],{"class":42},[28,102774,9087],{"class":93},[28,102776,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102778,9057],{"class":93},[28,102780,358],{"class":42},[28,102782,12877],{"class":46},[28,102784,358],{"class":42},[28,102786,2759],{"class":93},[28,102788,61],{"class":42},[28,102790,17242],{"class":46},[28,102792,358],{"class":42},[28,102794,9087],{"class":93},[14,102796,1631,102797,102799],{},[25,102798,102625],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[172,102801,3445,102803,3448],{"id":102802},"what-setdiscard-does",[25,102804,102630],{},[14,102806,102807,271],{},[25,102808,102625],{},[177,102810,102811,102814,102817,102819],{},[180,102812,102813],{},"Removes one item from a set",[180,102815,102816],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[180,102818,96086],{},[180,102820,11204,102821],{},[25,102822,3546],{},[14,102824,102825],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102827,96095,102828,474,102831,385],{},[381,102829,102830],{"href":98562},"what a set is in Python",[381,102832,102833],{"href":97654},"how to create a set",[172,102835,1927],{"id":1926},[18,102837,102839],{"className":20,"code":102838,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[25,102840,102841],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102842,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102844,15451],{"class":34},[28,102846,385],{"class":93},[28,102848,102692],{"class":120},[28,102850,94],{"class":93},[28,102852,2242],{"class":120},[28,102854,101],{"class":93},[177,102856,102857,102862,102867,102870],{},[180,102858,102859,102861],{},[25,102860,15451],{}," is the set you want to change",[180,102863,102864,102866],{},[25,102865,2242],{}," is the item you want to remove",[180,102868,102869],{},"The set must already exist",[180,102871,102872],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1109,102874,102876],{"id":102875},"example","Example",[18,102878,102880],{"className":20,"code":102879,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,102881,102882,102906,102920],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102883,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102885,3383],{"class":34},[28,102887,39],{"class":38},[28,102889,10270],{"class":93},[28,102891,2756],{"class":97},[28,102893,2759],{"class":93},[28,102895,2762],{"class":97},[28,102897,2759],{"class":93},[28,102899,2221],{"class":97},[28,102901,2759],{"class":93},[28,102903,2226],{"class":97},[28,102905,9087],{"class":93},[28,102907,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,102909,3415],{"class":34},[28,102911,385],{"class":93},[28,102913,102692],{"class":120},[28,102915,94],{"class":93},[28,102917,1831],{"class":97},[28,102919,101],{"class":93},[28,102921,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,102923,115],{"class":114},[28,102925,94],{"class":93},[28,102927,3415],{"class":120},[28,102929,101],{"class":93},[14,102931,336],{},[18,102933,102935],{"className":20,"code":102934,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[25,102936,102937],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,102938,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,102940,9057],{"class":93},[28,102942,2756],{"class":97},[28,102944,2759],{"class":93},[28,102946,2762],{"class":97},[28,102948,2759],{"class":93},[28,102950,2226],{"class":97},[28,102952,9087],{"class":93},[172,102954,102956,102957,102959],{"id":102955},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[25,102958,102625],{}," different",[14,102961,102962,102964],{},[25,102963,102625],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[177,102966,102967,102980,102989],{},[180,102968,102969,102970,1959,102974,102976,102977,102979],{},"Unlike ",[381,102971,102972],{"href":97980},[25,102973,55309],{},[25,102975,102625],{}," does not raise ",[25,102978,19475],{}," when the item is missing",[180,102981,102969,102982,1959,102986,102988],{},[381,102983,102984],{"href":97985},[25,102985,12546],{},[25,102987,102625],{}," removes a specific item",[180,102990,102991],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1109,102993,102995,10365,102997],{"id":102994},"discard-vs-remove",[25,102996,102625],{},[25,102998,55309],{},[18,103000,103002],{"className":20,"code":103001,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[25,103003,103004,103028,103032,103053,103063,103067,103088],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103005,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103007,7555],{"class":34},[28,103009,39],{"class":38},[28,103011,10270],{"class":93},[28,103013,234],{"class":42},[28,103015,3849],{"class":46},[28,103017,234],{"class":42},[28,103019,2759],{"class":93},[28,103021,43],{"class":42},[28,103023,3858],{"class":46},[28,103025,234],{"class":42},[28,103027,9087],{"class":93},[28,103029,103030],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103031,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103033,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103035,7586],{"class":34},[28,103037,385],{"class":93},[28,103039,102692],{"class":120},[28,103041,94],{"class":93},[28,103043,234],{"class":42},[28,103045,33012],{"class":46},[28,103047,234],{"class":42},[28,103049,3428],{"class":93},[28,103051,103052],{"class":1006},"   # no error\n",[28,103054,103055,103057,103059,103061],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103056,115],{"class":114},[28,103058,94],{"class":93},[28,103060,7586],{"class":120},[28,103062,101],{"class":93},[28,103064,103065],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,103066,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,103070,7586],{"class":34},[28,103072,385],{"class":93},[28,103074,34584],{"class":120},[28,103076,94],{"class":93},[28,103078,234],{"class":42},[28,103080,3858],{"class":46},[28,103082,234],{"class":42},[28,103084,3428],{"class":93},[28,103086,103087],{"class":1006},"    # removes existing item\n",[28,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,103091,115],{"class":114},[28,103093,94],{"class":93},[28,103095,7586],{"class":120},[28,103097,101],{"class":93},[14,103099,336],{},[18,103101,103103],{"className":20,"code":103102,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[25,103104,103105,103125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103106,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103108,9057],{"class":93},[28,103110,358],{"class":42},[28,103112,3849],{"class":46},[28,103114,358],{"class":42},[28,103116,2759],{"class":93},[28,103118,61],{"class":42},[28,103120,3858],{"class":46},[28,103122,358],{"class":42},[28,103124,9087],{"class":93},[28,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103128,9057],{"class":93},[28,103130,358],{"class":42},[28,103132,3849],{"class":46},[28,103134,358],{"class":42},[28,103136,9087],{"class":93},[14,103138,40135,103139,103141,103142,103144],{},[25,103140,55309],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[381,103143,10854],{"href":10853}," for more help with that case.",[172,103146,103148],{"id":103147},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103150,103151,2166,103153,385],{},[25,103152,102625],{},[25,103154,3546],{},[14,103156,103157],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[18,103159,103161],{"className":20,"code":103160,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,103162,103163,103195,103217,103221],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103164,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103166,12860],{"class":34},[28,103168,39],{"class":38},[28,103170,10270],{"class":93},[28,103172,234],{"class":42},[28,103174,12877],{"class":46},[28,103176,234],{"class":42},[28,103178,2759],{"class":93},[28,103180,43],{"class":42},[28,103182,12894],{"class":46},[28,103184,234],{"class":42},[28,103186,2759],{"class":93},[28,103188,43],{"class":42},[28,103190,17242],{"class":46},[28,103192,234],{"class":42},[28,103194,9087],{"class":93},[28,103196,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103198,1999],{"class":34},[28,103200,39],{"class":38},[28,103202,12908],{"class":34},[28,103204,385],{"class":93},[28,103206,102692],{"class":120},[28,103208,94],{"class":93},[28,103210,234],{"class":42},[28,103212,12894],{"class":46},[28,103214,234],{"class":42},[28,103216,101],{"class":93},[28,103218,103219],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103220,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103222,103223,103225,103227,103229],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103224,115],{"class":114},[28,103226,94],{"class":93},[28,103228,2033],{"class":120},[28,103230,101],{"class":93},[14,103232,336],{},[18,103234,103235],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,103236,103237],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103238,103239],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103240,11590],{"class":776},[14,103242,103243,103244,271],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[25,103245,17289],{},[18,103247,103249],{"className":20,"code":103248,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[25,103250,103251,103283,103301,103305],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103252,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103254,12860],{"class":34},[28,103256,39],{"class":38},[28,103258,10270],{"class":93},[28,103260,234],{"class":42},[28,103262,12877],{"class":46},[28,103264,234],{"class":42},[28,103266,2759],{"class":93},[28,103268,43],{"class":42},[28,103270,12894],{"class":46},[28,103272,234],{"class":42},[28,103274,2759],{"class":93},[28,103276,43],{"class":42},[28,103278,17242],{"class":46},[28,103280,234],{"class":42},[28,103282,9087],{"class":93},[28,103284,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103286,17289],{"class":34},[28,103288,385],{"class":93},[28,103290,102692],{"class":120},[28,103292,94],{"class":93},[28,103294,234],{"class":42},[28,103296,12894],{"class":46},[28,103298,234],{"class":42},[28,103300,101],{"class":93},[28,103302,103303],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103304,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103306,103307,103309,103311,103313],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103308,115],{"class":114},[28,103310,94],{"class":93},[28,103312,17289],{"class":120},[28,103314,101],{"class":93},[14,103316,336],{},[18,103318,103320],{"className":20,"code":103319,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[25,103321,103322],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103323,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103325,9057],{"class":93},[28,103327,358],{"class":42},[28,103329,12877],{"class":46},[28,103331,358],{"class":42},[28,103333,2759],{"class":93},[28,103335,61],{"class":42},[28,103337,17242],{"class":46},[28,103339,358],{"class":42},[28,103341,9087],{"class":93},[172,103343,11256],{"id":11255},[14,103345,103346],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[18,103348,103350],{"className":20,"code":103349,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[25,103351,103352,103384,103388,103406,103410,103428,103432],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103353,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103355,36029],{"class":34},[28,103357,39],{"class":38},[28,103359,10270],{"class":93},[28,103361,234],{"class":42},[28,103363,3849],{"class":46},[28,103365,234],{"class":42},[28,103367,2759],{"class":93},[28,103369,43],{"class":42},[28,103371,3858],{"class":46},[28,103373,234],{"class":42},[28,103375,2759],{"class":93},[28,103377,43],{"class":42},[28,103379,33012],{"class":46},[28,103381,234],{"class":42},[28,103383,9087],{"class":93},[28,103385,103386],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103387,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103389,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103391,115],{"class":114},[28,103393,94],{"class":93},[28,103395,234],{"class":42},[28,103397,11345],{"class":46},[28,103399,234],{"class":42},[28,103401,2759],{"class":93},[28,103403,52631],{"class":120},[28,103405,101],{"class":93},[28,103407,103408],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103409,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,103413,36081],{"class":34},[28,103415,385],{"class":93},[28,103417,102692],{"class":120},[28,103419,94],{"class":93},[28,103421,234],{"class":42},[28,103423,3858],{"class":46},[28,103425,234],{"class":42},[28,103427,101],{"class":93},[28,103429,103430],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,103431,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103433,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,103435,115],{"class":114},[28,103437,94],{"class":93},[28,103439,234],{"class":42},[28,103441,11385],{"class":46},[28,103443,234],{"class":42},[28,103445,2759],{"class":93},[28,103447,52631],{"class":120},[28,103449,101],{"class":93},[14,103451,336],{},[18,103453,103455],{"className":20,"code":103454,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[25,103456,103457,103489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103460,11405],{"class":34},[28,103462,271],{"class":93},[28,103464,10270],{"class":93},[28,103466,358],{"class":42},[28,103468,3858],{"class":46},[28,103470,358],{"class":42},[28,103472,2759],{"class":93},[28,103474,61],{"class":42},[28,103476,3849],{"class":46},[28,103478,358],{"class":42},[28,103480,2759],{"class":93},[28,103482,61],{"class":42},[28,103484,33012],{"class":46},[28,103486,358],{"class":42},[28,103488,9087],{"class":93},[28,103490,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103492,11458],{"class":34},[28,103494,271],{"class":93},[28,103496,10270],{"class":93},[28,103498,358],{"class":42},[28,103500,3849],{"class":46},[28,103502,358],{"class":42},[28,103504,2759],{"class":93},[28,103506,61],{"class":42},[28,103508,33012],{"class":46},[28,103510,358],{"class":42},[28,103512,9087],{"class":93},[14,103514,103515],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[172,103517,103519],{"id":103518},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103521,103522,103523,103525],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[25,103524,102625],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[18,103527,103529],{"className":20,"code":103528,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[25,103530,103531,103563,103567,103585,103589],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103532,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103534,36029],{"class":34},[28,103536,39],{"class":38},[28,103538,10270],{"class":93},[28,103540,234],{"class":42},[28,103542,3849],{"class":46},[28,103544,234],{"class":42},[28,103546,2759],{"class":93},[28,103548,43],{"class":42},[28,103550,3858],{"class":46},[28,103552,234],{"class":42},[28,103554,2759],{"class":93},[28,103556,43],{"class":42},[28,103558,33012],{"class":46},[28,103560,234],{"class":42},[28,103562,9087],{"class":93},[28,103564,103565],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103566,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103570,36081],{"class":34},[28,103572,385],{"class":93},[28,103574,102692],{"class":120},[28,103576,94],{"class":93},[28,103578,234],{"class":42},[28,103580,22320],{"class":46},[28,103582,234],{"class":42},[28,103584,101],{"class":93},[28,103586,103587],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103588,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103590,103591,103593,103595,103597],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,103592,115],{"class":114},[28,103594,94],{"class":93},[28,103596,36081],{"class":120},[28,103598,101],{"class":93},[14,103600,336],{},[18,103602,103604],{"className":20,"code":103603,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[25,103605,103606],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103607,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103609,9057],{"class":93},[28,103611,358],{"class":42},[28,103613,3858],{"class":46},[28,103615,358],{"class":42},[28,103617,2759],{"class":93},[28,103619,61],{"class":42},[28,103621,3849],{"class":46},[28,103623,358],{"class":42},[28,103625,2759],{"class":93},[28,103627,61],{"class":42},[28,103629,33012],{"class":46},[28,103631,358],{"class":42},[28,103633,9087],{"class":93},[14,103635,103636],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103638,103639],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[18,103641,103643],{"className":20,"code":103642,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[25,103644,103645,103661],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103646,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103648,6773],{"class":3644},[28,103650,43],{"class":42},[28,103652,22320],{"class":46},[28,103654,234],{"class":42},[28,103656,20961],{"class":38},[28,103658,52631],{"class":34},[28,103660,6170],{"class":93},[28,103662,103663,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103664,103665],{"class":34},"    fruits",[28,103667,385],{"class":93},[28,103669,34584],{"class":120},[28,103671,94],{"class":93},[28,103673,234],{"class":42},[28,103675,22320],{"class":46},[28,103677,234],{"class":42},[28,103679,101],{"class":93},[14,103681,103682,103683,103685],{},"With ",[25,103684,102625],{},", you can simply write:",[18,103687,103689],{"className":20,"code":103688,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[25,103690,103691],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103692,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103694,36081],{"class":34},[28,103696,385],{"class":93},[28,103698,102692],{"class":120},[28,103700,94],{"class":93},[28,103702,234],{"class":42},[28,103704,22320],{"class":46},[28,103706,234],{"class":42},[28,103708,101],{"class":93},[172,103710,4734,103712],{"id":103711},"when-to-use-discard",[25,103713,102625],{},[14,103715,1631,103716,10381],{},[25,103717,102625],{},[177,103719,103720,103723,103726],{},[180,103721,103722],{},"Missing values are normal",[180,103724,103725],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[180,103727,103728],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103730,103731],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[172,103733,1104],{"id":1103},[14,103735,8224,103736,385],{},[25,103737,102625],{},[1109,103739,8230,103741,103743],{"id":103740},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[25,103742,102625],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103745,4297],{},[18,103747,103749],{"className":20,"code":103748,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,103750,103751,103771,103789,103793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103752,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103754,3383],{"class":34},[28,103756,39],{"class":38},[28,103758,10270],{"class":93},[28,103760,2756],{"class":97},[28,103762,2759],{"class":93},[28,103764,2762],{"class":97},[28,103766,2759],{"class":93},[28,103768,2221],{"class":97},[28,103770,9087],{"class":93},[28,103772,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103774,3383],{"class":34},[28,103776,39],{"class":38},[28,103778,4034],{"class":34},[28,103780,385],{"class":93},[28,103782,102692],{"class":120},[28,103784,94],{"class":93},[28,103786,1825],{"class":97},[28,103788,101],{"class":93},[28,103790,103791],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103792,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103794,103795,103797,103799,103801],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103796,115],{"class":114},[28,103798,94],{"class":93},[28,103800,3415],{"class":120},[28,103802,101],{"class":93},[14,103804,103805,41946,103807,1136,103809,2166,103811,385],{},[25,103806,3415],{},[25,103808,3546],{},[25,103810,102625],{},[25,103812,3546],{},[14,103814,18628],{},[18,103816,103818],{"className":20,"code":103817,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,103819,103820,103840,103854,103858],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103821,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103823,3383],{"class":34},[28,103825,39],{"class":38},[28,103827,10270],{"class":93},[28,103829,2756],{"class":97},[28,103831,2759],{"class":93},[28,103833,2762],{"class":97},[28,103835,2759],{"class":93},[28,103837,2221],{"class":97},[28,103839,9087],{"class":93},[28,103841,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103843,3415],{"class":34},[28,103845,385],{"class":93},[28,103847,102692],{"class":120},[28,103849,94],{"class":93},[28,103851,1825],{"class":97},[28,103853,101],{"class":93},[28,103855,103856],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103857,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,103859,103860,103862,103864,103866],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,103861,115],{"class":114},[28,103863,94],{"class":93},[28,103865,3415],{"class":120},[28,103867,101],{"class":93},[1109,103869,36995,103871,8482,103873],{"id":103870},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[25,103872,102625],{},[25,103874,55309],{},[14,103876,103877,103878,385],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[25,103879,102625],{},[18,103881,103883],{"className":20,"code":103882,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[25,103884,103885,103917,103938],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103886,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103888,35880],{"class":34},[28,103890,39],{"class":38},[28,103892,10270],{"class":93},[28,103894,234],{"class":42},[28,103896,381],{"class":46},[28,103898,234],{"class":42},[28,103900,2759],{"class":93},[28,103902,43],{"class":42},[28,103904,4533],{"class":46},[28,103906,234],{"class":42},[28,103908,2759],{"class":93},[28,103910,43],{"class":42},[28,103912,9518],{"class":46},[28,103914,234],{"class":42},[28,103916,9087],{"class":93},[28,103918,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103920,35933],{"class":34},[28,103922,385],{"class":93},[28,103924,102692],{"class":120},[28,103926,94],{"class":93},[28,103928,234],{"class":42},[28,103930,21864],{"class":46},[28,103932,234],{"class":42},[28,103934,3428],{"class":93},[28,103936,103937],{"class":1006},"   # safe\n",[28,103939,103940,103942,103944,103946],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,103941,115],{"class":114},[28,103943,94],{"class":93},[28,103945,35933],{"class":120},[28,103947,101],{"class":93},[14,103949,103950,103951,45695,103954,385],{},"If you use ",[25,103952,103953],{},"remove(\"z\")",[25,103955,19475],{},[1109,103957,25405,103959,103961],{"id":103958},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[25,103960,102625],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103963,103964,101978],{},[25,103965,102625],{},[14,103967,16429],{},[18,103969,103971],{"className":20,"code":103970,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[25,103972,103973,103993],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,103974,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,103976,7555],{"class":34},[28,103978,39],{"class":38},[28,103980,3388],{"class":93},[28,103982,2756],{"class":97},[28,103984,2759],{"class":93},[28,103986,2762],{"class":97},[28,103988,2759],{"class":93},[28,103990,2221],{"class":97},[28,103992,3401],{"class":93},[28,103994,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,103996,7586],{"class":34},[28,103998,385],{"class":93},[28,104000,102692],{"class":120},[28,104002,94],{"class":93},[28,104004,1825],{"class":97},[28,104006,101],{"class":93},[14,104008,104009,104010,271],{},"Use a set if you need ",[25,104011,102625],{},[18,104013,104015],{"className":20,"code":104014,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[25,104016,104017,104037,104051],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104018,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104020,7555],{"class":34},[28,104022,39],{"class":38},[28,104024,10270],{"class":93},[28,104026,2756],{"class":97},[28,104028,2759],{"class":93},[28,104030,2762],{"class":97},[28,104032,2759],{"class":93},[28,104034,2221],{"class":97},[28,104036,9087],{"class":93},[28,104038,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104040,7586],{"class":34},[28,104042,385],{"class":93},[28,104044,102692],{"class":120},[28,104046,94],{"class":93},[28,104048,1825],{"class":97},[28,104050,101],{"class":93},[28,104052,104053,104055,104057,104059],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104054,115],{"class":114},[28,104056,94],{"class":93},[28,104058,7586],{"class":120},[28,104060,101],{"class":93},[1109,104062,104064],{"id":104063},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104066,104067],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104069,2604],{},[18,104071,104073],{"className":20,"code":104072,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[25,104074,104075,104095],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104076,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104078,8944],{"class":34},[28,104080,39],{"class":38},[28,104082,10270],{"class":93},[28,104084,2756],{"class":97},[28,104086,2759],{"class":93},[28,104088,2762],{"class":97},[28,104090,2759],{"class":93},[28,104092,2221],{"class":97},[28,104094,9087],{"class":93},[28,104096,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104098,8983],{"class":34},[28,104100,385],{"class":93},[28,104102,102692],{"class":120},[28,104104,2753],{"class":93},[28,104106,1825],{"class":97},[28,104108,3657],{"class":93},[14,104110,104111],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[172,104113,8650],{"id":8649},[14,104115,8653,104116,104118],{},[25,104117,102625],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[18,104120,104122],{"className":20,"code":104121,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[25,104123,104124,104134,104148,104162],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104125,104126,104128,104130,104132],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104127,115],{"class":114},[28,104129,94],{"class":93},[28,104131,15451],{"class":120},[28,104133,101],{"class":93},[28,104135,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104137,115],{"class":114},[28,104139,94],{"class":93},[28,104141,311],{"class":89},[28,104143,94],{"class":93},[28,104145,15451],{"class":120},[28,104147,318],{"class":93},[28,104149,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104151,115],{"class":114},[28,104153,94],{"class":93},[28,104155,2216],{"class":120},[28,104157,3651],{"class":3644},[28,104159,96695],{"class":120},[28,104161,101],{"class":93},[28,104163,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,104165,31943],{"class":114},[28,104167,94],{"class":93},[28,104169,6063],{"class":89},[28,104171,385],{"class":93},[28,104173,102692],{"class":24538},[28,104175,101],{"class":93},[14,104177,10950],{},[177,104179,104180,104183,104186,104189],{},[180,104181,104182],{},"What is currently in the set",[180,104184,104185],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[180,104187,104188],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[180,104190,104191],{},"How Python documents the method",[172,104193,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,104195,104197],{"id":104196},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104199,104200,104201,104203],{},"Nothing happens. ",[25,104202,102625],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1109,104205,4915,104207,12499],{"id":104206},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[25,104208,102630],{},[14,104210,4921,104211,104213],{},[25,104212,3546],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1109,104215,4953,104217,1323,104219,2262],{"id":104216},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[25,104218,102625],{},[25,104220,55309],{},[14,104222,104223,104224,26327,104226,104228,104229,104231],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[25,104225,55309],{},[25,104227,19475],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[25,104230,102625],{}," does not.",[1109,104233,28118,104235,104237],{"id":104234},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[25,104236,102625],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104239,46150,104240,104242],{},[25,104241,102625],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[172,104244,1662],{"id":1661},[177,104246,104247,104253,104259,104264,104268],{},[180,104248,104249],{},[381,104250,96585,104251,1689],{"href":97980},[25,104252,55309],{},[180,104254,104255],{},[381,104256,96585,104257,1689],{"href":97985},[25,104258,12546],{},[180,104260,104261],{},[381,104262,104263],{"href":97654},"Python set: creating a set",[180,104265,104266],{},[381,104267,100120],{"href":98562},[180,104269,104270],{},[381,104271,11042],{"href":10853},[1699,104273,104274],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":104276},[104277,104278,104280,104283,104288,104289,104290,104291,104293,104302,104303,104312],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":102802,"depth":53,"text":104279},"What set.discard() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":104281},[104282],{"id":102875,"depth":70,"text":102876},{"id":102955,"depth":53,"text":104284,"children":104285},"What makes discard() different",[104286],{"id":102994,"depth":70,"text":104287},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103147,"depth":53,"text":103148},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":103518,"depth":53,"text":103519},{"id":103711,"depth":53,"text":104292},"When to use discard()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":104294},[104295,104297,104299,104301],{"id":103740,"depth":70,"text":104296},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103870,"depth":70,"text":104298},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103958,"depth":70,"text":104300},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104063,"depth":70,"text":104064},{"id":8649,"depth":53,"text":8650},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":104304},[104305,104306,104308,104310],{"id":104196,"depth":70,"text":104197},{"id":104206,"depth":70,"text":104307},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104216,"depth":70,"text":104309},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104234,"depth":70,"text":104311},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102617,"description":104313},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104320,"title":104321,"body":104322,"description":106328,"extension":1730,"meta":106329,"navigation":107,"path":106330,"seo":106331,"stem":106332,"__hash__":106333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104323,"toc":106286},[104324,104327,104335,104340,104351,104353,104408,104412,104432,104437,104441,104446,104448,104462,104464,104539,104541,104574,104579,104584,104586,104588,104603,104606,104614,104619,104634,104636,104725,104727,104816,104822,104826,104828,104866,104868,104892,104895,104910,104912,104967,104969,105002,105004,105009,105013,105017,105022,105087,105089,105109,105115,105119,105176,105178,105199,105203,105208,105253,105255,105288,105291,105295,105328,105330,105359,105363,105367,105370,105372,105391,105393,105439,105444,105458,105460,105491,105496,105499,105543,105545,105573,105577,105581,105597,105600,105665,105667,105679,105682,105686,105689,105694,105722,105724,105742,105748,105787,105789,105807,105813,105842,105844,105862,105865,105882,105884,105889,105893,105896,105922,105929,105934,105949,105958,105962,105965,105996,106002,106005,106014,106017,106019,106021,106079,106082,106107,106109,106113,106116,106120,106128,106132,106135,106139,106142,106144,106167,106169,106210,106217,106225,106228,106259,106261,106283],[10,104325,104321],{"id":104326},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104328,8901,104329,104331,104332,385],{},[25,104330,3565],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[163,104333,104334],{},"unique values only",[14,104336,35194,104337,104339],{},[25,104338,3565],{}," to:",[177,104341,104342,104345,104348],{},[180,104343,104344],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[180,104346,104347],{},"check whether a value exists",[180,104349,104350],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[172,104352,1771],{"id":1770},[18,104354,104356],{"className":20,"code":104355,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[25,104357,104358,104382,104397],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104359,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104361,3383],{"class":34},[28,104363,39],{"class":38},[28,104365,3388],{"class":93},[28,104367,2756],{"class":97},[28,104369,2759],{"class":93},[28,104371,2762],{"class":97},[28,104373,2759],{"class":93},[28,104375,2762],{"class":97},[28,104377,2759],{"class":93},[28,104379,2221],{"class":97},[28,104381,3401],{"class":93},[28,104383,104384,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104385,104386],{"class":34},"unique_numbers ",[28,104388,39],{"class":38},[28,104390,15418],{"class":89},[28,104392,94],{"class":93},[28,104394,3415],{"class":120},[28,104396,101],{"class":93},[28,104398,104399,104401,104403,104406],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104400,115],{"class":114},[28,104402,94],{"class":93},[28,104404,104405],{"class":120},"unique_numbers",[28,104407,101],{"class":93},[14,104409,104410],{},[163,104411,336],{},[18,104413,104414],{"className":20,"code":96378,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,104415,104416],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104417,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104419,9057],{"class":93},[28,104421,2756],{"class":97},[28,104423,2759],{"class":93},[28,104425,2762],{"class":97},[28,104427,2759],{"class":93},[28,104429,2221],{"class":97},[28,104431,9087],{"class":93},[14,104433,1631,104434,104436],{},[25,104435,3565],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[172,104438,104440],{"id":104439},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104442,104443,104445],{},[25,104444,3565],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104447,30330],{},[177,104449,104450,104453,104456,104459],{},[180,104451,104452],{},"A set stores unique items only",[180,104454,104455],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[180,104457,104458],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[180,104460,104461],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104463,924],{},[18,104465,104467],{"className":20,"code":104466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[25,104468,104469,104509,104524,104528],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104470,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104472,12860],{"class":34},[28,104474,39],{"class":38},[28,104476,3388],{"class":93},[28,104478,234],{"class":42},[28,104480,12877],{"class":46},[28,104482,234],{"class":42},[28,104484,2759],{"class":93},[28,104486,43],{"class":42},[28,104488,12894],{"class":46},[28,104490,234],{"class":42},[28,104492,2759],{"class":93},[28,104494,43],{"class":42},[28,104496,12877],{"class":46},[28,104498,234],{"class":42},[28,104500,2759],{"class":93},[28,104502,43],{"class":42},[28,104504,17242],{"class":46},[28,104506,234],{"class":42},[28,104508,3401],{"class":93},[28,104510,104511,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104512,104513],{"class":34},"unique_colors ",[28,104515,39],{"class":38},[28,104517,15418],{"class":89},[28,104519,94],{"class":93},[28,104521,17289],{"class":120},[28,104523,101],{"class":93},[28,104525,104526],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104527,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,104529,104530,104532,104534,104537],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,104531,115],{"class":114},[28,104533,94],{"class":93},[28,104535,104536],{"class":120},"unique_colors",[28,104538,101],{"class":93},[14,104540,29819],{},[18,104542,104544],{"className":20,"code":104543,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[25,104545,104546],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104547,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570,104572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104549,9057],{"class":93},[28,104551,358],{"class":42},[28,104553,12894],{"class":46},[28,104555,358],{"class":42},[28,104557,2759],{"class":93},[28,104559,61],{"class":42},[28,104561,17242],{"class":46},[28,104563,358],{"class":42},[28,104565,2759],{"class":93},[28,104567,61],{"class":42},[28,104569,12877],{"class":46},[28,104571,358],{"class":42},[28,104573,9087],{"class":93},[14,104575,2055,104576,104578],{},[25,104577,65171],{}," appears only once.",[14,104580,104581,104582,385],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[381,104583,96099],{"href":96098},[172,104585,1927],{"id":1926},[14,104587,1930],{},[18,104589,104591],{"className":20,"code":104590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set(iterable)\n",[25,104592,104593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104594,104595,104597,104599,104601],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104596,6063],{"class":89},[28,104598,94],{"class":93},[28,104600,3489],{"class":120},[28,104602,101],{"class":93},[14,104604,104605],{},"The argument is optional.",[177,104607,104608,104611],{},[180,104609,104610],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[180,104612,104613],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104615,104616,104617,271],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[25,104618,3565],{},[177,104620,104621,104623,104625,104627,104631],{},[180,104622,7869],{},[180,104624,48734],{},[180,104626,60953],{},[180,104628,104629],{},[25,104630,35988],{},[180,104632,104633],{},"another set",[14,104635,1894],{},[18,104637,104639],{"className":20,"code":104638,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[25,104640,104641,104667,104689,104707],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104642,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104644,115],{"class":114},[28,104646,94],{"class":93},[28,104648,6063],{"class":89},[28,104650,2753],{"class":93},[28,104652,2756],{"class":97},[28,104654,2759],{"class":93},[28,104656,2762],{"class":97},[28,104658,2759],{"class":93},[28,104660,2762],{"class":97},[28,104662,2759],{"class":93},[28,104664,2221],{"class":97},[28,104666,2769],{"class":93},[28,104668,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104670,115],{"class":114},[28,104672,94],{"class":93},[28,104674,6063],{"class":89},[28,104676,5286],{"class":93},[28,104678,2099],{"class":97},[28,104680,2759],{"class":93},[28,104682,7566],{"class":97},[28,104684,2759],{"class":93},[28,104686,5781],{"class":97},[28,104688,2679],{"class":93},[28,104690,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104692,115],{"class":114},[28,104694,94],{"class":93},[28,104696,6063],{"class":89},[28,104698,94],{"class":93},[28,104700,234],{"class":42},[28,104702,238],{"class":46},[28,104704,234],{"class":42},[28,104706,318],{"class":93},[28,104708,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,104710,115],{"class":114},[28,104712,94],{"class":93},[28,104714,6063],{"class":89},[28,104716,94],{"class":93},[28,104718,59779],{"class":114},[28,104720,94],{"class":93},[28,104722,2275],{"class":97},[28,104724,2679],{"class":93},[14,104726,29819],{},[18,104728,104730],{"className":20,"code":104729,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[25,104731,104732,104748,104760,104796],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104733,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104735,9057],{"class":93},[28,104737,2756],{"class":97},[28,104739,2759],{"class":93},[28,104741,2762],{"class":97},[28,104743,2759],{"class":93},[28,104745,2221],{"class":97},[28,104747,9087],{"class":93},[28,104749,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104751,9057],{"class":93},[28,104753,2099],{"class":97},[28,104755,2759],{"class":93},[28,104757,7566],{"class":97},[28,104759,9087],{"class":93},[28,104761,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104763,9057],{"class":93},[28,104765,358],{"class":42},[28,104767,60219],{"class":46},[28,104769,358],{"class":42},[28,104771,2759],{"class":93},[28,104773,61],{"class":42},[28,104775,60228],{"class":46},[28,104777,358],{"class":42},[28,104779,2759],{"class":93},[28,104781,61],{"class":42},[28,104783,60237],{"class":46},[28,104785,358],{"class":42},[28,104787,2759],{"class":93},[28,104789,61],{"class":42},[28,104791,60254],{"class":46},[28,104793,358],{"class":42},[28,104795,9087],{"class":93},[28,104797,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,104799,9057],{"class":93},[28,104801,1888],{"class":97},[28,104803,2759],{"class":93},[28,104805,5273],{"class":97},[28,104807,2759],{"class":93},[28,104809,2762],{"class":97},[28,104811,2759],{"class":93},[28,104813,2221],{"class":97},[28,104815,9087],{"class":93},[14,104817,104818,104819,385],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[381,104820,104821],{"href":64626},"Python list() function explained",[172,104823,104825],{"id":104824},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104827,98051],{},[18,104829,104830],{"className":20,"code":99016,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,104831,104832,104842,104852],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104835,98061],{"class":34},[28,104837,39],{"class":38},[28,104839,15418],{"class":89},[28,104841,8420],{"class":93},[28,104843,104844,104846,104848,104850],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104845,115],{"class":114},[28,104847,94],{"class":93},[28,104849,98080],{"class":120},[28,104851,101],{"class":93},[28,104853,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104855,115],{"class":114},[28,104857,94],{"class":93},[28,104859,311],{"class":89},[28,104861,94],{"class":93},[28,104863,98080],{"class":120},[28,104865,318],{"class":93},[14,104867,336],{},[18,104869,104870],{"className":20,"code":99059,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,104871,104872,104878],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104873,104874,104876],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104875,6063],{"class":89},[28,104877,8420],{"class":93},[28,104879,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104881,346],{"class":38},[28,104883,350],{"class":349},[28,104885,61],{"class":42},[28,104887,6063],{"class":46},[28,104889,358],{"class":42},[28,104891,361],{"class":38},[14,104893,104894],{},"This is important because:",[177,104896,104897,104902],{},[180,104898,104899,104901],{},[25,104900,3565],{}," creates an empty set",[180,104903,104904,104906,104907,104909],{},[25,104905,3560],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[163,104908,4402],{}," a set",[14,104911,924],{},[18,104913,104915],{"className":20,"code":104914,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[25,104916,104917,104927,104935,104939,104953],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104918,104919,104921,104923,104925],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104920,885],{"class":34},[28,104922,39],{"class":38},[28,104924,15418],{"class":89},[28,104926,8420],{"class":93},[28,104928,104929,104931,104933],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104930,899],{"class":34},[28,104932,39],{"class":38},[28,104934,9617],{"class":93},[28,104936,104937],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,104938,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,104942,115],{"class":114},[28,104944,94],{"class":93},[28,104946,311],{"class":89},[28,104948,94],{"class":93},[28,104950,381],{"class":120},[28,104952,318],{"class":93},[28,104954,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,104956,115],{"class":114},[28,104958,94],{"class":93},[28,104960,311],{"class":89},[28,104962,94],{"class":93},[28,104964,4533],{"class":120},[28,104966,318],{"class":93},[14,104968,336],{},[18,104970,104972],{"className":20,"code":104971,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[25,104973,104974,104988],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,104975,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,104977,346],{"class":38},[28,104979,350],{"class":349},[28,104981,61],{"class":42},[28,104983,6063],{"class":46},[28,104985,358],{"class":42},[28,104987,361],{"class":38},[28,104989,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,104991,346],{"class":38},[28,104993,350],{"class":349},[28,104995,61],{"class":42},[28,104997,8599],{"class":46},[28,104999,358],{"class":42},[28,105001,361],{"class":38},[14,105003,13834],{},[14,105005,105006,105007,385],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[381,105008,104263],{"href":96102},[172,105010,105012],{"id":105011},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1109,105014,105016],{"id":105015},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105018,105019,105020,385],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[25,105021,3565],{},[18,105023,105025],{"className":20,"code":105024,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,105026,105027,105059,105073,105077],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105028,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105030,3383],{"class":34},[28,105032,39],{"class":38},[28,105034,3388],{"class":93},[28,105036,2756],{"class":97},[28,105038,2759],{"class":93},[28,105040,2762],{"class":97},[28,105042,2759],{"class":93},[28,105044,2762],{"class":97},[28,105046,2759],{"class":93},[28,105048,2221],{"class":97},[28,105050,2759],{"class":93},[28,105052,2221],{"class":97},[28,105054,2759],{"class":93},[28,105056,2221],{"class":97},[28,105058,3401],{"class":93},[28,105060,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105062,1999],{"class":34},[28,105064,39],{"class":38},[28,105066,15418],{"class":89},[28,105068,94],{"class":93},[28,105070,3415],{"class":120},[28,105072,101],{"class":93},[28,105074,105075],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,105076,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,105078,105079,105081,105083,105085],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,105080,115],{"class":114},[28,105082,94],{"class":93},[28,105084,2033],{"class":120},[28,105086,101],{"class":93},[14,105088,336],{},[18,105090,105091],{"className":20,"code":96378,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105092,105093],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105094,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105096,9057],{"class":93},[28,105098,2756],{"class":97},[28,105100,2759],{"class":93},[28,105102,2762],{"class":97},[28,105104,2759],{"class":93},[28,105106,2221],{"class":97},[28,105108,9087],{"class":93},[14,105110,105111,105112,385],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[381,105113,98849],{"href":105114},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1109,105116,105118],{"id":105117},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[18,105120,105122],{"className":20,"code":105121,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,105123,105124,105148,105162,105166],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105125,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105127,3591],{"class":34},[28,105129,39],{"class":38},[28,105131,9015],{"class":93},[28,105133,1905],{"class":97},[28,105135,2759],{"class":93},[28,105137,4376],{"class":97},[28,105139,2759],{"class":93},[28,105141,5781],{"class":97},[28,105143,2759],{"class":93},[28,105145,37728],{"class":97},[28,105147,101],{"class":93},[28,105149,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105151,1999],{"class":34},[28,105153,39],{"class":38},[28,105155,15418],{"class":89},[28,105157,94],{"class":93},[28,105159,5133],{"class":120},[28,105161,101],{"class":93},[28,105163,105164],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,105165,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,105167,105168,105170,105172,105174],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,105169,115],{"class":114},[28,105171,94],{"class":93},[28,105173,2033],{"class":120},[28,105175,101],{"class":93},[14,105177,336],{},[18,105179,105181],{"className":20,"code":105180,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[25,105182,105183],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105184,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105186,9057],{"class":93},[28,105188,1905],{"class":97},[28,105190,2759],{"class":93},[28,105192,5781],{"class":97},[28,105194,2759],{"class":93},[28,105196,37728],{"class":97},[28,105198,9087],{"class":93},[1109,105200,105202],{"id":105201},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105204,50906,105205,105207],{},[25,105206,3565],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[18,105209,105211],{"className":20,"code":105210,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,105212,105213,105225,105239,105243],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105214,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105216,84],{"class":34},[28,105218,39],{"class":38},[28,105220,43],{"class":42},[28,105222,3858],{"class":46},[28,105224,50],{"class":42},[28,105226,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105228,1999],{"class":34},[28,105230,39],{"class":38},[28,105232,15418],{"class":89},[28,105234,94],{"class":93},[28,105236,157],{"class":120},[28,105238,101],{"class":93},[28,105240,105241],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,105242,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,105244,105245,105247,105249,105251],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,105246,115],{"class":114},[28,105248,94],{"class":93},[28,105250,2033],{"class":120},[28,105252,101],{"class":93},[14,105254,29819],{},[18,105256,105258],{"className":20,"code":105257,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[25,105259,105260],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105261,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105263,9057],{"class":93},[28,105265,358],{"class":42},[28,105267,4533],{"class":46},[28,105269,358],{"class":42},[28,105271,2759],{"class":93},[28,105273,61],{"class":42},[28,105275,381],{"class":46},[28,105277,358],{"class":42},[28,105279,2759],{"class":93},[28,105281,61],{"class":42},[28,105283,75809],{"class":46},[28,105285,358],{"class":42},[28,105287,9087],{"class":93},[14,105289,105290],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1109,105292,105294],{"id":105293},"from-range","From range()",[18,105296,105298],{"className":20,"code":105297,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[25,105299,105300,105318],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105301,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105303,1999],{"class":34},[28,105305,39],{"class":38},[28,105307,15418],{"class":89},[28,105309,94],{"class":93},[28,105311,59779],{"class":114},[28,105313,94],{"class":93},[28,105315,1905],{"class":97},[28,105317,318],{"class":93},[28,105319,105320,105322,105324,105326],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105321,115],{"class":114},[28,105323,94],{"class":93},[28,105325,2033],{"class":120},[28,105327,101],{"class":93},[14,105329,336],{},[18,105331,105333],{"className":20,"code":105332,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,105334,105335],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105336,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105338,9057],{"class":93},[28,105340,1888],{"class":97},[28,105342,2759],{"class":93},[28,105344,5273],{"class":97},[28,105346,2759],{"class":93},[28,105348,2762],{"class":97},[28,105350,2759],{"class":93},[28,105352,2221],{"class":97},[28,105354,2759],{"class":93},[28,105356,2226],{"class":97},[28,105358,9087],{"class":93},[172,105360,105362],{"id":105361},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105364,99296,105365,385],{},[163,105366,96142],{},[14,105368,105369],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105371,99302],{},[177,105373,105374,105378,105382,105386],{},[180,105375,105376],{},[25,105377,372],{},[180,105379,105380],{},[25,105381,355],{},[180,105383,105384],{},[25,105385,1962],{},[180,105387,105388,105390],{},[25,105389,48734],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105392,924],{},[18,105394,105396],{"className":20,"code":105395,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[25,105397,105398,105429],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105399,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105401,7555],{"class":34},[28,105403,39],{"class":38},[28,105405,10270],{"class":93},[28,105407,2756],{"class":97},[28,105409,2759],{"class":93},[28,105411,43],{"class":42},[28,105413,238],{"class":46},[28,105415,234],{"class":42},[28,105417,2759],{"class":93},[28,105419,9015],{"class":93},[28,105421,2099],{"class":97},[28,105423,2759],{"class":93},[28,105425,7566],{"class":97},[28,105427,105428],{"class":93},")}\n",[28,105430,105431,105433,105435,105437],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105432,115],{"class":114},[28,105434,94],{"class":93},[28,105436,7586],{"class":120},[28,105438,101],{"class":93},[14,105440,99364,105441,105443],{},[163,105442,4402],{}," work inside a set:",[177,105445,105446,105450,105454],{},[180,105447,105448],{},[25,105449,7869],{},[180,105451,105452],{},[25,105453,8599],{},[180,105455,105456],{},[25,105457,6063],{},[14,105459,96867],{},[18,105461,105463],{"className":20,"code":105462,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[25,105464,105465],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105466,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105468,99383],{"class":34},[28,105470,39],{"class":38},[28,105472,99388],{"class":93},[28,105474,2756],{"class":97},[28,105476,2759],{"class":93},[28,105478,2762],{"class":97},[28,105480,17849],{"class":93},[28,105482,3388],{"class":93},[28,105484,1831],{"class":97},[28,105486,2759],{"class":93},[28,105488,2226],{"class":97},[28,105490,13491],{"class":93},[14,105492,76637,105493,105495],{},[25,105494,2775],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105497,105498],{},"A safer example:",[18,105500,105502],{"className":20,"code":105501,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[25,105503,105504,105532],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105505,105506,105509,105511,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105507,105508],{"class":34},"good_set ",[28,105510,39],{"class":38},[28,105512,105513],{"class":93}," {(",[28,105515,2756],{"class":97},[28,105517,2759],{"class":93},[28,105519,2762],{"class":97},[28,105521,9012],{"class":93},[28,105523,9015],{"class":93},[28,105525,1831],{"class":97},[28,105527,2759],{"class":93},[28,105529,2226],{"class":97},[28,105531,105428],{"class":93},[28,105533,105534,105536,105538,105541],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105535,115],{"class":114},[28,105537,94],{"class":93},[28,105539,105540],{"class":120},"good_set",[28,105542,101],{"class":93},[14,105544,336],{},[18,105546,105548],{"className":20,"code":105547,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[25,105549,105550],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105551,105552,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105553,105554],{"class":93},"{(",[28,105556,2756],{"class":97},[28,105558,2759],{"class":93},[28,105560,2762],{"class":97},[28,105562,9012],{"class":93},[28,105564,9015],{"class":93},[28,105566,1831],{"class":97},[28,105568,2759],{"class":93},[28,105570,2226],{"class":97},[28,105572,105428],{"class":93},[172,105574,105576],{"id":105575},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105578,1631,105579,10381],{},[25,105580,3565],{},[177,105582,105583,105586,105591,105594],{},[180,105584,105585],{},"you need unique values only",[180,105587,105588,105589],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[25,105590,3651],{},[180,105592,105593],{},"order does not matter",[180,105595,105596],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105598,105599],{},"Example of membership checking:",[18,105601,105603],{"className":20,"code":105602,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[25,105604,105605,105630,105634,105650],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105606,105607,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105623,105625,105628],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105608,105609],{"class":34},"allowed_ids ",[28,105611,39],{"class":38},[28,105613,15418],{"class":89},[28,105615,2753],{"class":93},[28,105617,46376],{"class":97},[28,105619,2759],{"class":93},[28,105621,105622],{"class":97}," 102",[28,105624,2759],{"class":93},[28,105626,105627],{"class":97}," 103",[28,105629,3657],{"class":93},[28,105631,105632],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105633,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,105635,105636,105638,105640,105643,105645,105648],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,105637,115],{"class":114},[28,105639,94],{"class":93},[28,105641,105642],{"class":97},"102",[28,105644,20961],{"class":3644},[28,105646,105647],{"class":120}," allowed_ids",[28,105649,101],{"class":93},[28,105651,105652,105654,105656,105659,105661,105663],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,105653,115],{"class":114},[28,105655,94],{"class":93},[28,105657,105658],{"class":97},"999",[28,105660,20961],{"class":3644},[28,105662,105647],{"class":120},[28,105664,101],{"class":93},[14,105666,336],{},[18,105668,105669],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105670,105671,105675],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105672,105673],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105674,3749],{"class":776},[28,105676,105677],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105678,3810],{"class":776},[14,105680,105681],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[172,105683,105685],{"id":105684},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105687,105688],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1109,105690,1631,105692,97993],{"id":105691},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[25,105693,3565],{},[18,105695,105696],{"className":20,"code":98054,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105697,105698,105708],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105699,105700,105702,105704,105706],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105701,98061],{"class":34},[28,105703,39],{"class":38},[28,105705,15418],{"class":89},[28,105707,8420],{"class":93},[28,105709,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105711,115],{"class":114},[28,105713,94],{"class":93},[28,105715,311],{"class":89},[28,105717,94],{"class":93},[28,105719,98080],{"class":120},[28,105721,318],{"class":93},[14,105723,336],{},[18,105725,105726],{"className":20,"code":8630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105727,105728],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105729,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105731,346],{"class":38},[28,105733,350],{"class":349},[28,105735,61],{"class":42},[28,105737,6063],{"class":46},[28,105739,358],{"class":42},[28,105741,361],{"class":38},[1109,105743,1631,105745,105747],{"id":105744},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[25,105746,100053],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[18,105749,105751],{"className":20,"code":105750,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[25,105752,105753,105773],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105754,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105756,3383],{"class":34},[28,105758,39],{"class":38},[28,105760,10270],{"class":93},[28,105762,2756],{"class":97},[28,105764,2759],{"class":93},[28,105766,2762],{"class":97},[28,105768,2759],{"class":93},[28,105770,2221],{"class":97},[28,105772,9087],{"class":93},[28,105774,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105776,115],{"class":114},[28,105778,94],{"class":93},[28,105780,311],{"class":89},[28,105782,94],{"class":93},[28,105784,3415],{"class":120},[28,105786,318],{"class":93},[14,105788,336],{},[18,105790,105791],{"className":20,"code":8630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105792,105793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105794,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105796,346],{"class":38},[28,105798,350],{"class":349},[28,105800,61],{"class":42},[28,105802,6063],{"class":46},[28,105804,358],{"class":42},[28,105806,361],{"class":38},[1109,105808,1631,105810,105812],{"id":105809},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[25,105811,3560],{}," for an empty dictionary",[18,105814,105816],{"className":20,"code":105815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[25,105817,105818,105827],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105819,105820,105823,105825],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105821,105822],{"class":34},"empty_dict ",[28,105824,39],{"class":38},[28,105826,9617],{"class":93},[28,105828,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105840],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105830,115],{"class":114},[28,105832,94],{"class":93},[28,105834,311],{"class":89},[28,105836,94],{"class":93},[28,105838,105839],{"class":120},"empty_dict",[28,105841,318],{"class":93},[14,105843,336],{},[18,105845,105846],{"className":20,"code":8586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105847,105848],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105849,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105851,346],{"class":38},[28,105853,350],{"class":349},[28,105855,61],{"class":42},[28,105857,8599],{"class":46},[28,105859,358],{"class":42},[28,105861,361],{"class":38},[14,105863,105864],{},"So the rule is simple:",[177,105866,105867,105872,105877],{},[180,105868,105869,105871],{},[25,105870,3565],{}," → empty set",[180,105873,105874,105876],{},[25,105875,100053],{}," → non-empty set",[180,105878,105879,105881],{},[25,105880,3560],{}," → empty dictionary",[172,105883,1104],{"id":1103},[14,105885,105886,105887,385],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[25,105888,3565],{},[1109,105890,8194,105891,99651],{"id":99648},[25,105892,3560],{},[14,105894,105895],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[18,105897,105898],{"className":20,"code":99657,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,105899,105900,105908],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105901,105902,105904,105906],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105903,2216],{"class":34},[28,105905,39],{"class":38},[28,105907,9617],{"class":93},[28,105909,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918,105920],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,105911,115],{"class":114},[28,105913,94],{"class":93},[28,105915,311],{"class":89},[28,105917,94],{"class":93},[28,105919,2242],{"class":120},[28,105921,318],{"class":93},[1109,105923,105925,105926],{"id":105924},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[25,105927,105928],{},"set(5)",[14,105930,105931,105933],{},[25,105932,3565],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[18,105935,105937],{"className":20,"code":105936,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set(5)\n",[25,105938,105939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105940,105941,105943,105945,105947],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105942,6063],{"class":89},[28,105944,94],{"class":93},[28,105946,1905],{"class":97},[28,105948,101],{"class":93},[14,105950,2772,105951,105953,105954,385],{},[25,105952,2775],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[381,105955,105957],{"href":105956},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1109,105959,105961],{"id":105960},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105963,105964],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[18,105966,105968],{"className":20,"code":105967,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[25,105969,105970],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,105973,2216],{"class":34},[28,105975,39],{"class":38},[28,105977,99388],{"class":93},[28,105979,2756],{"class":97},[28,105981,2759],{"class":93},[28,105983,2762],{"class":97},[28,105985,17849],{"class":93},[28,105987,3388],{"class":93},[28,105989,1831],{"class":97},[28,105991,2759],{"class":93},[28,105993,2226],{"class":97},[28,105995,13491],{"class":93},[1109,105997,8230,105999,106001],{"id":105998},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[25,106000,3565],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106003,106004],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1109,106006,36995,106008,8482,106010,474,106012],{"id":106007},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[25,106009,3565],{},[25,106011,24569],{},[25,106013,8898],{},[14,106015,106016],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[172,106018,1517],{"id":1516},[14,106020,10892],{},[18,106022,106024],{"className":20,"code":106023,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[25,106025,106026,106041,106051,106065],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106027,106028,106030,106032,106034,106036,106039],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106029,115],{"class":114},[28,106031,94],{"class":93},[28,106033,311],{"class":89},[28,106035,94],{"class":93},[28,106037,106038],{"class":120},"my_value",[28,106040,318],{"class":93},[28,106042,106043,106045,106047,106049],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106044,115],{"class":114},[28,106046,94],{"class":93},[28,106048,106038],{"class":120},[28,106050,101],{"class":93},[28,106052,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,106054,115],{"class":114},[28,106056,94],{"class":93},[28,106058,7869],{"class":89},[28,106060,94],{"class":93},[28,106062,15451],{"class":120},[28,106064,318],{"class":93},[28,106066,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075,106077],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,106068,115],{"class":114},[28,106070,94],{"class":93},[28,106072,10941],{"class":114},[28,106074,94],{"class":93},[28,106076,15451],{"class":120},[28,106078,318],{"class":93},[14,106080,106081],{},"What they help you see:",[177,106083,106084,106090,106095,106101],{},[180,106085,106086,106089],{},[25,106087,106088],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[180,106091,106092,90317],{},[25,106093,106094],{},"print(my_value)",[180,106096,106097,106100],{},[25,106098,106099],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[180,106102,106103,106106],{},[25,106104,106105],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[172,106108,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,106110,106112],{"id":106111},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106114,106115],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1109,106117,106119],{"id":106118},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106121,1631,106122,106124,106125,106127],{},[25,106123,3565],{},". Do not use ",[25,106126,3560],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1109,106129,106131],{"id":106130},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106133,106134],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1109,106136,106138],{"id":106137},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106140,106141],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106143,924],{},[18,106145,106147],{"className":20,"code":106146,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[25,106148,106149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106150,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106152,115],{"class":114},[28,106154,94],{"class":93},[28,106156,6063],{"class":89},[28,106158,94],{"class":93},[28,106160,234],{"class":42},[28,106162,3849],{"class":46},[28,106164,234],{"class":42},[28,106166,318],{"class":93},[14,106168,29819],{},[18,106170,106172],{"className":20,"code":106171,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[25,106173,106174],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106175,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106177,9057],{"class":93},[28,106179,358],{"class":42},[28,106181,381],{"class":46},[28,106183,358],{"class":42},[28,106185,2759],{"class":93},[28,106187,61],{"class":42},[28,106189,14],{"class":46},[28,106191,358],{"class":42},[28,106193,2759],{"class":93},[28,106195,61],{"class":42},[28,106197,60237],{"class":46},[28,106199,358],{"class":42},[28,106201,2759],{"class":93},[28,106203,61],{"class":42},[28,106205,60228],{"class":46},[28,106207,358],{"class":42},[28,106209,9087],{"class":93},[1109,106211,4931,106213,106216],{"id":106212},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[25,106214,106215],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106218,106219,28475,106221,106224],{},[25,106220,3565],{},[163,106222,106223],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106226,106227],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[18,106229,106231],{"className":20,"code":106230,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[25,106232,106233],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106234,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106236,115],{"class":114},[28,106238,94],{"class":93},[28,106240,6063],{"class":89},[28,106242,2753],{"class":93},[28,106244,2756],{"class":97},[28,106246,2759],{"class":93},[28,106248,2762],{"class":97},[28,106250,2759],{"class":93},[28,106252,2221],{"class":97},[28,106254,2759],{"class":93},[28,106256,2226],{"class":97},[28,106258,2769],{"class":93},[172,106260,1662],{"id":1661},[177,106262,106263,106267,106271,106275,106279],{},[180,106264,106265],{},[381,106266,96099],{"href":96098},[180,106268,106269],{},[381,106270,104263],{"href":96102},[180,106272,106273],{},[381,106274,100115],{"href":105114},[180,106276,106277],{},[381,106278,104821],{"href":64626},[180,106280,106281],{},[381,106282,105957],{"href":105956},[1699,106284,106285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":106287},[106288,106289,106290,106291,106292,106298,106299,106300,106308,106318,106319,106327],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":104439,"depth":53,"text":104440},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":104824,"depth":53,"text":104825},{"id":105011,"depth":53,"text":105012,"children":106293},[106294,106295,106296,106297],{"id":105015,"depth":70,"text":105016},{"id":105117,"depth":70,"text":105118},{"id":105201,"depth":70,"text":105202},{"id":105293,"depth":70,"text":105294},{"id":105361,"depth":53,"text":105362},{"id":105575,"depth":53,"text":105576},{"id":105684,"depth":53,"text":105685,"children":106301},[106302,106304,106306],{"id":105691,"depth":70,"text":106303},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105744,"depth":70,"text":106305},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105809,"depth":70,"text":106307},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":106309},[106310,106311,106313,106314,106316],{"id":99648,"depth":70,"text":100156},{"id":105924,"depth":70,"text":106312},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105960,"depth":70,"text":105961},{"id":105998,"depth":70,"text":106315},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106007,"depth":70,"text":106317},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":1516,"depth":53,"text":1517},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":106320},[106321,106322,106323,106324,106325],{"id":106111,"depth":70,"text":106112},{"id":106118,"depth":70,"text":106119},{"id":106130,"depth":70,"text":106131},{"id":106137,"depth":70,"text":106138},{"id":106212,"depth":70,"text":106326},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104321,"description":106328},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106335,"title":106336,"body":106337,"description":107852,"extension":1730,"meta":107853,"navigation":107,"path":107854,"seo":107855,"stem":107856,"__hash__":107857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106338,"toc":107828},[106339,106345,106350,106353,106436,106441,106446,106451,106453,106466,106470,106472,106491,106494,106517,106520,106531,106533,106614,106616,106633,106635,106641,106644,106739,106741,106772,106774,106782,106784,106787,106898,106900,106925,106927,106949,106954,106959,106965,107074,107076,107092,107095,107098,107181,107183,107200,107208,107210,107214,107220,107311,107313,107346,107351,107358,107435,107437,107454,107460,107462,107466,107482,107485,107511,107513,107574,107576,107699,107701,107752,107758,107760,107765,107767,107773,107776,107780,107783,107787,107790,107800,107802,107825],[10,106340,858,106342,11102],{"id":106341},"python-setintersection-method",[25,106343,106344],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106346,679,106347,106349],{},[25,106348,106344],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106351,106352],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[18,106354,106356],{"className":20,"code":106355,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[25,106357,106358,106378,106398,106402,106421,106431],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106359,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106361,885],{"class":34},[28,106363,39],{"class":38},[28,106365,10270],{"class":93},[28,106367,2756],{"class":97},[28,106369,2759],{"class":93},[28,106371,2762],{"class":97},[28,106373,2759],{"class":93},[28,106375,2221],{"class":97},[28,106377,9087],{"class":93},[28,106379,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106381,899],{"class":34},[28,106383,39],{"class":38},[28,106385,10270],{"class":93},[28,106387,1825],{"class":97},[28,106389,2759],{"class":93},[28,106391,2221],{"class":97},[28,106393,2759],{"class":93},[28,106395,2226],{"class":97},[28,106397,9087],{"class":93},[28,106399,106400],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,106401,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,106403,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106415,106417,106419],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,106405,1999],{"class":34},[28,106407,39],{"class":38},[28,106409,56667],{"class":34},[28,106411,385],{"class":93},[28,106413,106414],{"class":120},"intersection",[28,106416,94],{"class":93},[28,106418,4533],{"class":120},[28,106420,101],{"class":93},[28,106422,106423,106425,106427,106429],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,106424,115],{"class":114},[28,106426,94],{"class":93},[28,106428,2033],{"class":120},[28,106430,101],{"class":93},[28,106432,106433],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,106434,106435],{"class":1006},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106437,1631,106438,106440],{},[25,106439,102562],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[172,106442,12780,106444,12783],{"id":106443},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[25,106445,102562],{},[14,106447,106448,106450],{},[25,106449,102562],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106452,12836],{},[177,106454,106455,106458,106460,106463],{},[180,106456,106457],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[180,106459,100332],{},[180,106461,106462],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[180,106464,106465],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106467,96095,106468,385],{},[381,106469,96099],{"href":96098},[172,106471,1927],{"id":1926},[18,106473,106475],{"className":20,"code":106474,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[25,106476,106477],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106478,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106480,100356],{"class":34},[28,106482,385],{"class":93},[28,106484,106414],{"class":120},[28,106486,94],{"class":93},[28,106488,100365],{"class":120},[28,106490,101],{"class":93},[14,106492,106493],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[18,106495,106497],{"className":20,"code":106496,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[25,106498,106499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106500,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106502,100356],{"class":34},[28,106504,385],{"class":93},[28,106506,106414],{"class":120},[28,106508,94],{"class":93},[28,106510,100365],{"class":120},[28,106512,2759],{"class":93},[28,106514,100392],{"class":120},[28,106516,101],{"class":93},[14,106518,106519],{},"Important notes:",[177,106521,106522,106525,106528],{},[180,106523,106524],{},"The result is always a new set",[180,106526,106527],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[180,106529,106530],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106532,924],{},[18,106534,106536],{"className":20,"code":106535,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[25,106537,106538,106562,106582,106586,106604],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106539,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106541,885],{"class":34},[28,106543,39],{"class":38},[28,106545,10270],{"class":93},[28,106547,2756],{"class":97},[28,106549,2759],{"class":93},[28,106551,2762],{"class":97},[28,106553,2759],{"class":93},[28,106555,2221],{"class":97},[28,106557,2759],{"class":93},[28,106559,2226],{"class":97},[28,106561,9087],{"class":93},[28,106563,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106565,899],{"class":34},[28,106567,39],{"class":38},[28,106569,10270],{"class":93},[28,106571,1831],{"class":97},[28,106573,2759],{"class":93},[28,106575,2226],{"class":97},[28,106577,2759],{"class":93},[28,106579,4376],{"class":97},[28,106581,9087],{"class":93},[28,106583,106584],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,106585,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,106587,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,106589,1999],{"class":34},[28,106591,39],{"class":38},[28,106593,56667],{"class":34},[28,106595,385],{"class":93},[28,106597,106414],{"class":120},[28,106599,94],{"class":93},[28,106601,4533],{"class":120},[28,106603,101],{"class":93},[28,106605,106606,106608,106610,106612],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,106607,115],{"class":114},[28,106609,94],{"class":93},[28,106611,2033],{"class":120},[28,106613,101],{"class":93},[14,106615,336],{},[18,106617,106619],{"className":20,"code":106618,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{3, 4}\n",[25,106620,106621],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106622,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106624,9057],{"class":93},[28,106626,1831],{"class":97},[28,106628,2759],{"class":93},[28,106630,2226],{"class":97},[28,106632,9087],{"class":93},[172,106634,17205],{"id":17204},[14,106636,106637,21762,106639,385],{},[25,106638,102562],{},[163,106640,6063],{},[14,106642,106643],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[18,106645,106647],{"className":20,"code":106646,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,106648,106649,106669,106689,106693,106711,106715,106725],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106650,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106652,885],{"class":34},[28,106654,39],{"class":38},[28,106656,10270],{"class":93},[28,106658,2756],{"class":97},[28,106660,2759],{"class":93},[28,106662,2762],{"class":97},[28,106664,2759],{"class":93},[28,106666,2221],{"class":97},[28,106668,9087],{"class":93},[28,106670,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106672,899],{"class":34},[28,106674,39],{"class":38},[28,106676,10270],{"class":93},[28,106678,1825],{"class":97},[28,106680,2759],{"class":93},[28,106682,2221],{"class":97},[28,106684,2759],{"class":93},[28,106686,2226],{"class":97},[28,106688,9087],{"class":93},[28,106690,106691],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,106692,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,106694,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,106696,1999],{"class":34},[28,106698,39],{"class":38},[28,106700,56667],{"class":34},[28,106702,385],{"class":93},[28,106704,106414],{"class":120},[28,106706,94],{"class":93},[28,106708,4533],{"class":120},[28,106710,101],{"class":93},[28,106712,106713],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,106714,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,106716,106717,106719,106721,106723],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,106718,115],{"class":114},[28,106720,94],{"class":93},[28,106722,2033],{"class":120},[28,106724,101],{"class":93},[28,106726,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,106728,115],{"class":114},[28,106730,94],{"class":93},[28,106732,311],{"class":89},[28,106734,94],{"class":93},[28,106736,2033],{"class":120},[28,106738,318],{"class":93},[14,106740,336],{},[18,106742,106744],{"className":20,"code":106743,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[25,106745,106746,106758],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106747,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106749,9057],{"class":93},[28,106751,1825],{"class":97},[28,106753,2759],{"class":93},[28,106755,2221],{"class":97},[28,106757,9087],{"class":93},[28,106759,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106761,346],{"class":38},[28,106763,350],{"class":349},[28,106765,61],{"class":42},[28,106767,6063],{"class":46},[28,106769,358],{"class":42},[28,106771,361],{"class":38},[14,106773,85589],{},[177,106775,106776,106779],{},[180,106777,106778],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[180,106780,106781],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[172,106783,11256],{"id":11255},[14,106785,106786],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[18,106788,106790],{"className":20,"code":106789,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[25,106791,106792,106825,106858,106862,106883,106887],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106793,106794,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106795,106796],{"class":34},"colors1 ",[28,106798,39],{"class":38},[28,106800,10270],{"class":93},[28,106802,234],{"class":42},[28,106804,12877],{"class":46},[28,106806,234],{"class":42},[28,106808,2759],{"class":93},[28,106810,43],{"class":42},[28,106812,12894],{"class":46},[28,106814,234],{"class":42},[28,106816,2759],{"class":93},[28,106818,43],{"class":42},[28,106820,17242],{"class":46},[28,106822,234],{"class":42},[28,106824,9087],{"class":93},[28,106826,106827,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106828,106829],{"class":34},"colors2 ",[28,106831,39],{"class":38},[28,106833,10270],{"class":93},[28,106835,234],{"class":42},[28,106837,17242],{"class":46},[28,106839,234],{"class":42},[28,106841,2759],{"class":93},[28,106843,43],{"class":42},[28,106845,22311],{"class":46},[28,106847,234],{"class":42},[28,106849,2759],{"class":93},[28,106851,43],{"class":42},[28,106853,12894],{"class":46},[28,106855,234],{"class":42},[28,106857,9087],{"class":93},[28,106859,106860],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,106861,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,106863,106864,106867,106869,106872,106874,106876,106878,106881],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,106865,106866],{"class":34},"common_colors ",[28,106868,39],{"class":38},[28,106870,106871],{"class":34}," colors1",[28,106873,385],{"class":93},[28,106875,106414],{"class":120},[28,106877,94],{"class":93},[28,106879,106880],{"class":120},"colors2",[28,106882,101],{"class":93},[28,106884,106885],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,106886,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,106888,106889,106891,106893,106896],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,106890,115],{"class":114},[28,106892,94],{"class":93},[28,106894,106895],{"class":120},"common_colors",[28,106897,101],{"class":93},[14,106899,336],{},[18,106901,106903],{"className":20,"code":106902,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[25,106904,106905],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106906,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106908,9057],{"class":93},[28,106910,358],{"class":42},[28,106912,12894],{"class":46},[28,106914,358],{"class":42},[28,106916,2759],{"class":93},[28,106918,61],{"class":42},[28,106920,17242],{"class":46},[28,106922,358],{"class":42},[28,106924,9087],{"class":93},[14,106926,11465],{},[177,106928,106929,106935,106939,106944],{},[180,106930,106931,106934],{},[25,106932,106933],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[180,106936,106937,106934],{},[25,106938,106880],{},[180,106940,106941,106943],{},[25,106942,102562],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[180,106945,106946,106947],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[25,106948,106895],{},[172,106950,8194,106952,100929],{"id":106951},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[25,106953,102562],{},[14,106955,106956,106957,385],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[25,106958,102562],{},[14,106960,106961,106962,106964],{},"Only the values found in ",[163,106963,3484],{}," inputs will be kept.",[18,106966,106968],{"className":20,"code":106967,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[25,106969,106970,106994,107018,107038,107042,107064],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,106971,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,106973,885],{"class":34},[28,106975,39],{"class":38},[28,106977,10270],{"class":93},[28,106979,2756],{"class":97},[28,106981,2759],{"class":93},[28,106983,2762],{"class":97},[28,106985,2759],{"class":93},[28,106987,2221],{"class":97},[28,106989,2759],{"class":93},[28,106991,2226],{"class":97},[28,106993,9087],{"class":93},[28,106995,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,106997,899],{"class":34},[28,106999,39],{"class":38},[28,107001,10270],{"class":93},[28,107003,1825],{"class":97},[28,107005,2759],{"class":93},[28,107007,2221],{"class":97},[28,107009,2759],{"class":93},[28,107011,2226],{"class":97},[28,107013,2759],{"class":93},[28,107015,4376],{"class":97},[28,107017,9087],{"class":93},[28,107019,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107021,82964],{"class":34},[28,107023,39],{"class":38},[28,107025,10270],{"class":93},[28,107027,1831],{"class":97},[28,107029,2759],{"class":93},[28,107031,2226],{"class":97},[28,107033,2759],{"class":93},[28,107035,37435],{"class":97},[28,107037,9087],{"class":93},[28,107039,107040],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107041,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107043,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,107045,1999],{"class":34},[28,107047,39],{"class":38},[28,107049,56667],{"class":34},[28,107051,385],{"class":93},[28,107053,106414],{"class":120},[28,107055,94],{"class":93},[28,107057,4533],{"class":120},[28,107059,2759],{"class":93},[28,107061,9460],{"class":120},[28,107063,101],{"class":93},[28,107065,107066,107068,107070,107072],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,107067,115],{"class":114},[28,107069,94],{"class":93},[28,107071,2033],{"class":120},[28,107073,101],{"class":93},[14,107075,336],{},[18,107077,107078],{"className":20,"code":106618,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,107079,107080],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107081,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107083,9057],{"class":93},[28,107085,1831],{"class":97},[28,107087,2759],{"class":93},[28,107089,2226],{"class":97},[28,107091,9087],{"class":93},[14,107093,107094],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107096,107097],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[18,107099,107101],{"className":20,"code":107100,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[25,107102,107103,107127,107131,107171],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107104,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123,107125],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107106,885],{"class":34},[28,107108,39],{"class":38},[28,107110,10270],{"class":93},[28,107112,2756],{"class":97},[28,107114,2759],{"class":93},[28,107116,2762],{"class":97},[28,107118,2759],{"class":93},[28,107120,2221],{"class":97},[28,107122,2759],{"class":93},[28,107124,2226],{"class":97},[28,107126,9087],{"class":93},[28,107128,107129],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107130,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107132,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107134,1999],{"class":34},[28,107136,39],{"class":38},[28,107138,56667],{"class":34},[28,107140,385],{"class":93},[28,107142,106414],{"class":120},[28,107144,2753],{"class":93},[28,107146,1825],{"class":97},[28,107148,2759],{"class":93},[28,107150,2226],{"class":97},[28,107152,2759],{"class":93},[28,107154,37435],{"class":97},[28,107156,17849],{"class":93},[28,107158,9015],{"class":93},[28,107160,2756],{"class":97},[28,107162,2759],{"class":93},[28,107164,2762],{"class":97},[28,107166,2759],{"class":93},[28,107168,2226],{"class":97},[28,107170,318],{"class":93},[28,107172,107173,107175,107177,107179],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107174,115],{"class":114},[28,107176,94],{"class":93},[28,107178,2033],{"class":120},[28,107180,101],{"class":93},[14,107182,336],{},[18,107184,107186],{"className":20,"code":107185,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{2, 4}\n",[25,107187,107188],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107189,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107191,9057],{"class":93},[28,107193,1825],{"class":97},[28,107195,2759],{"class":93},[28,107197,2226],{"class":97},[28,107199,9087],{"class":93},[172,107201,107203,10365,107205],{"id":107202},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[25,107204,102562],{},[25,107206,107207],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107209,101099],{},[1109,107211,107212],{"id":106414},[25,107213,102562],{},[177,107215,107216,107218],{},[180,107217,101108],{},[180,107219,101111],{},[18,107221,107223],{"className":20,"code":107222,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[25,107224,107225,107245,107265,107269,107287,107291,107301],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107226,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107228,885],{"class":34},[28,107230,39],{"class":38},[28,107232,10270],{"class":93},[28,107234,2756],{"class":97},[28,107236,2759],{"class":93},[28,107238,2762],{"class":97},[28,107240,2759],{"class":93},[28,107242,2221],{"class":97},[28,107244,9087],{"class":93},[28,107246,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261,107263],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107248,899],{"class":34},[28,107250,39],{"class":38},[28,107252,10270],{"class":93},[28,107254,1825],{"class":97},[28,107256,2759],{"class":93},[28,107258,2221],{"class":97},[28,107260,2759],{"class":93},[28,107262,2226],{"class":97},[28,107264,9087],{"class":93},[28,107266,107267],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107268,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107270,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107272,1999],{"class":34},[28,107274,39],{"class":38},[28,107276,56667],{"class":34},[28,107278,385],{"class":93},[28,107280,106414],{"class":120},[28,107282,94],{"class":93},[28,107284,4533],{"class":120},[28,107286,101],{"class":93},[28,107288,107289],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,107290,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107292,107293,107295,107297,107299],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,107294,115],{"class":114},[28,107296,94],{"class":93},[28,107298,381],{"class":120},[28,107300,101],{"class":93},[28,107302,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,107304,115],{"class":114},[28,107306,94],{"class":93},[28,107308,2033],{"class":120},[28,107310,101],{"class":93},[14,107312,336],{},[18,107314,107316],{"className":20,"code":107315,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[25,107317,107318,107334],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107319,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107321,9057],{"class":93},[28,107323,2756],{"class":97},[28,107325,2759],{"class":93},[28,107327,2762],{"class":97},[28,107329,2759],{"class":93},[28,107331,2221],{"class":97},[28,107333,9087],{"class":93},[28,107335,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107337,9057],{"class":93},[28,107339,1825],{"class":97},[28,107341,2759],{"class":93},[28,107343,2221],{"class":97},[28,107345,9087],{"class":93},[1109,107347,107349],{"id":107348},"intersection_update",[25,107350,107207],{},[177,107352,107353,107355],{},[180,107354,101251],{},[180,107356,107357],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[18,107359,107361],{"className":20,"code":107360,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[25,107362,107363,107383,107403,107407,107421,107425],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107364,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107366,885],{"class":34},[28,107368,39],{"class":38},[28,107370,10270],{"class":93},[28,107372,2756],{"class":97},[28,107374,2759],{"class":93},[28,107376,2762],{"class":97},[28,107378,2759],{"class":93},[28,107380,2221],{"class":97},[28,107382,9087],{"class":93},[28,107384,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107386,899],{"class":34},[28,107388,39],{"class":38},[28,107390,10270],{"class":93},[28,107392,1825],{"class":97},[28,107394,2759],{"class":93},[28,107396,2221],{"class":97},[28,107398,2759],{"class":93},[28,107400,2226],{"class":97},[28,107402,9087],{"class":93},[28,107404,107405],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107406,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107408,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107410,381],{"class":34},[28,107412,385],{"class":93},[28,107414,107348],{"class":120},[28,107416,94],{"class":93},[28,107418,4533],{"class":120},[28,107420,101],{"class":93},[28,107422,107423],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,107424,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107426,107427,107429,107431,107433],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,107428,115],{"class":114},[28,107430,94],{"class":93},[28,107432,381],{"class":120},[28,107434,101],{"class":93},[14,107436,336],{},[18,107438,107440],{"className":20,"code":107439,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{2, 3}\n",[25,107441,107442],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107443,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107445,9057],{"class":93},[28,107447,1825],{"class":97},[28,107449,2759],{"class":93},[28,107451,2221],{"class":97},[28,107453,9087],{"class":93},[14,107455,107456,107457,107459],{},"Choose ",[25,107458,102562],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[172,107461,4290],{"id":4289},[14,107463,14519,107464,271],{},[25,107465,102562],{},[177,107467,107468,107471,107474,107477],{},[180,107469,107470],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[180,107472,107473],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[180,107475,107476],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[180,107478,107479,107480],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[25,107481,102562],{},[14,107483,107484],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[177,107486,107487,107492,107495,107508],{},[180,107488,8194,107489,107491],{},[25,107490,102562],{}," when order matters",[180,107493,107494],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[180,107496,36995,107497,8482,107499,474,107504],{},[25,107498,102562],{},[381,107500,107502],{"href":107501},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[25,107503,102570],{},[381,107505,107506],{"href":102611},[25,107507,100185],{},[180,107509,107510],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107512,29925],{},[18,107514,107516],{"className":20,"code":107515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[25,107517,107518,107528,107542,107560],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107519,107520,107522,107524,107526],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107521,115],{"class":114},[28,107523,94],{"class":93},[28,107525,15451],{"class":120},[28,107527,101],{"class":93},[28,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107531,115],{"class":114},[28,107533,94],{"class":93},[28,107535,311],{"class":89},[28,107537,94],{"class":93},[28,107539,2033],{"class":120},[28,107541,318],{"class":93},[28,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107545,115],{"class":114},[28,107547,94],{"class":93},[28,107549,100356],{"class":120},[28,107551,385],{"class":93},[28,107553,106414],{"class":120},[28,107555,94],{"class":93},[28,107557,100365],{"class":120},[28,107559,318],{"class":93},[28,107561,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107563,115],{"class":114},[28,107565,94],{"class":93},[28,107567,10941],{"class":114},[28,107569,94],{"class":93},[28,107571,2033],{"class":120},[28,107573,318],{"class":93},[14,107575,924],{},[18,107577,107579],{"className":20,"code":107578,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[25,107580,107581,107605,107625,107629,107647,107651,107661,107671,107685],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107582,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107584,3383],{"class":34},[28,107586,39],{"class":38},[28,107588,10270],{"class":93},[28,107590,2756],{"class":97},[28,107592,2759],{"class":93},[28,107594,2762],{"class":97},[28,107596,2759],{"class":93},[28,107598,2762],{"class":97},[28,107600,2759],{"class":93},[28,107602,2221],{"class":97},[28,107604,9087],{"class":93},[28,107606,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107608,43337],{"class":34},[28,107610,39],{"class":38},[28,107612,10270],{"class":93},[28,107614,1825],{"class":97},[28,107616,2759],{"class":93},[28,107618,2221],{"class":97},[28,107620,2759],{"class":93},[28,107622,2226],{"class":97},[28,107624,9087],{"class":93},[28,107626,107627],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107628,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107630,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107632,1999],{"class":34},[28,107634,39],{"class":38},[28,107636,4034],{"class":34},[28,107638,385],{"class":93},[28,107640,106414],{"class":120},[28,107642,94],{"class":93},[28,107644,30533],{"class":120},[28,107646,101],{"class":93},[28,107648,107649],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,107650,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,107654,115],{"class":114},[28,107656,94],{"class":93},[28,107658,3415],{"class":120},[28,107660,101],{"class":93},[28,107662,107663,107665,107667,107669],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,107664,115],{"class":114},[28,107666,94],{"class":93},[28,107668,2033],{"class":120},[28,107670,101],{"class":93},[28,107672,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,107674,115],{"class":114},[28,107676,94],{"class":93},[28,107678,311],{"class":89},[28,107680,94],{"class":93},[28,107682,2033],{"class":120},[28,107684,318],{"class":93},[28,107686,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,107688,115],{"class":114},[28,107690,94],{"class":93},[28,107692,10941],{"class":114},[28,107694,94],{"class":93},[28,107696,2033],{"class":120},[28,107698,318],{"class":93},[14,107700,336],{},[18,107702,107704],{"className":20,"code":107703,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[25,107705,107706,107722,107734,107748],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107707,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107709,9057],{"class":93},[28,107711,2756],{"class":97},[28,107713,2759],{"class":93},[28,107715,2762],{"class":97},[28,107717,2759],{"class":93},[28,107719,2221],{"class":97},[28,107721,9087],{"class":93},[28,107723,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107725,9057],{"class":93},[28,107727,1825],{"class":97},[28,107729,2759],{"class":93},[28,107731,2221],{"class":97},[28,107733,9087],{"class":93},[28,107735,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107737,346],{"class":38},[28,107739,350],{"class":349},[28,107741,61],{"class":42},[28,107743,6063],{"class":46},[28,107745,358],{"class":42},[28,107747,361],{"class":38},[28,107749,107750],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107751,16842],{"class":97},[14,107753,107754,107755,107757],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[25,107756,1825],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[172,107759,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,107761,12487,107763,102510],{"id":107762},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[25,107764,102562],{},[14,107766,102513],{},[1109,107768,4943,107770,107772],{"id":107769},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[25,107771,102562],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107774,107775],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1109,107777,107779],{"id":107778},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107781,107782],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1109,107784,107786],{"id":107785},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107788,107789],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[18,107791,107792],{"className":20,"code":97229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,107793,107794],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107795,107796,107798],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107797,6063],{"class":89},[28,107799,8420],{"class":93},[172,107801,1662],{"id":1661},[177,107803,107804,107808,107815,107821],{},[180,107805,107806],{},[381,107807,96099],{"href":96098},[180,107809,107810],{},[381,107811,858,107812,1689],{"href":107501},[25,107813,107814],{},"set.union()",[180,107816,107817],{},[381,107818,858,107819,1689],{"href":102611},[25,107820,100190],{},[180,107822,107823],{},[381,107824,100115],{"href":105114},[1699,107826,107827],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":107829},[107830,107832,107833,107834,107835,107837,107842,107843,107851],{"id":106443,"depth":53,"text":107831},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":106951,"depth":53,"text":107836},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107202,"depth":53,"text":107838,"children":107839},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107840,107841],{"id":106414,"depth":70,"text":102562},{"id":107348,"depth":70,"text":107207},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":107844},[107845,107847,107849,107850],{"id":107762,"depth":70,"text":107846},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107769,"depth":70,"text":107848},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107778,"depth":70,"text":107779},{"id":107785,"depth":70,"text":107786},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106336,"description":107852},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107859,"title":107860,"body":107861,"description":109097,"extension":1730,"meta":109098,"navigation":107,"path":109099,"seo":109100,"stem":109101,"__hash__":109102},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107862,"toc":109064},[107863,107868,107874,107883,107885,107960,107965,107980,107990,107995,107999,108012,108016,108018,108033,108035,108051,108053,108128,108132,108135,108137,108154,108159,108214,108219,108231,108235,108238,108339,108341,108382,108385,108389,108396,108398,108423,108426,108444,108451,108457,108460,108542,108549,108552,108632,108641,108644,108649,108653,108667,108716,108721,108725,108736,108785,108796,108801,108805,108817,108866,108877,108879,108883,108906,108908,108965,108967,108981,108983,108989,108995,109001,109010,109014,109021,109025,109033,109035,109061],[10,107864,95971,107866,11102],{"id":107865},"python-set-pop-method",[25,107867,12546],{},[14,107869,107870,107873],{},[25,107871,107872],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107875,107876,107877,107879,107880,107882],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[163,107878,4402],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[25,107881,12546],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[172,107884,1771],{"id":1770},[18,107886,107888],{"className":20,"code":107887,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[25,107889,107890,107922,107936,107940,107950],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,107891,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,107893,7555],{"class":34},[28,107895,39],{"class":38},[28,107897,10270],{"class":93},[28,107899,234],{"class":42},[28,107901,3849],{"class":46},[28,107903,234],{"class":42},[28,107905,2759],{"class":93},[28,107907,43],{"class":42},[28,107909,3858],{"class":46},[28,107911,234],{"class":42},[28,107913,2759],{"class":93},[28,107915,43],{"class":42},[28,107917,3867],{"class":46},[28,107919,234],{"class":42},[28,107921,9087],{"class":93},[28,107923,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,107925,69713],{"class":34},[28,107927,39],{"class":38},[28,107929,5742],{"class":34},[28,107931,385],{"class":93},[28,107933,26030],{"class":120},[28,107935,8420],{"class":93},[28,107937,107938],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,107939,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,107941,107942,107944,107946,107948],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,107943,115],{"class":114},[28,107945,94],{"class":93},[28,107947,69736],{"class":120},[28,107949,101],{"class":93},[28,107951,107952,107954,107956,107958],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,107953,115],{"class":114},[28,107955,94],{"class":93},[28,107957,7586],{"class":120},[28,107959,101],{"class":93},[14,107961,107962],{},[163,107963,107964],{},"What this does:",[177,107966,107967,107972,107977],{},[180,107968,107969,107970],{},"Removes one item from ",[25,107971,7586],{},[180,107973,107974,107975],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[25,107976,69736],{},[180,107978,107979],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107981,107982,88739,107984,107986,107987,107989],{},[163,107983,83599],{},[25,107985,107872],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[163,107988,4402],{}," chosen by index.",[172,107991,3445,107993,3448],{"id":107992},"what-setpop-does",[25,107994,107872],{},[14,107996,107997,271],{},[25,107998,107872],{},[177,108000,108001,108003,108006,108009],{},[180,108002,102813],{},[180,108004,108005],{},"Returns the removed item",[180,108007,108008],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[180,108010,108011],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108013,96095,108014,385],{},[381,108015,96099],{"href":97270},[172,108017,1927],{"id":1926},[18,108019,108021],{"className":20,"code":108020,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.pop()\n",[25,108022,108023],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108024,108025,108027,108029,108031],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108026,15451],{"class":34},[28,108028,385],{"class":93},[28,108030,26030],{"class":120},[28,108032,8420],{"class":93},[14,108034,12836],{},[177,108036,108037,108043,108048],{},[180,108038,108039,108040],{},"The syntax is ",[25,108041,108042],{},"my_set.pop()",[180,108044,108045,108046],{},"It takes ",[163,108047,28478],{},[180,108049,108050],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108052,924],{},[18,108054,108056],{"className":20,"code":108055,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[25,108057,108058,108090,108104,108108,108118],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108059,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108061,12860],{"class":34},[28,108063,39],{"class":38},[28,108065,10270],{"class":93},[28,108067,234],{"class":42},[28,108069,12877],{"class":46},[28,108071,234],{"class":42},[28,108073,2759],{"class":93},[28,108075,43],{"class":42},[28,108077,12894],{"class":46},[28,108079,234],{"class":42},[28,108081,2759],{"class":93},[28,108083,43],{"class":42},[28,108085,17242],{"class":46},[28,108087,234],{"class":42},[28,108089,9087],{"class":93},[28,108091,108092,108094,108096,108098,108100,108102],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108093,28328],{"class":34},[28,108095,39],{"class":38},[28,108097,12908],{"class":34},[28,108099,385],{"class":93},[28,108101,26030],{"class":120},[28,108103,8420],{"class":93},[28,108105,108106],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108107,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,108109,108110,108112,108114,108116],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,108111,115],{"class":114},[28,108113,94],{"class":93},[28,108115,23098],{"class":120},[28,108117,101],{"class":93},[28,108119,108120,108122,108124,108126],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,108121,115],{"class":114},[28,108123,94],{"class":93},[28,108125,17289],{"class":120},[28,108127,101],{"class":93},[172,108129,108131],{"id":108130},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108133,108134],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108136,1875],{},[177,108138,108139,108145,108148],{},[180,108140,108141,108142,108144],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[25,108143,12546],{}," removes",[180,108146,108147],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[180,108149,108150,108151,108153],{},"You should not use ",[25,108152,12546],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108155,10240,108156,108158],{},[163,108157,4402],{}," valid:",[18,108160,108162],{"className":20,"code":108161,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[25,108163,108164,108196],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108165,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192,108194],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108167,36029],{"class":34},[28,108169,39],{"class":38},[28,108171,10270],{"class":93},[28,108173,234],{"class":42},[28,108175,3849],{"class":46},[28,108177,234],{"class":42},[28,108179,2759],{"class":93},[28,108181,43],{"class":42},[28,108183,3858],{"class":46},[28,108185,234],{"class":42},[28,108187,2759],{"class":93},[28,108189,43],{"class":42},[28,108191,3867],{"class":46},[28,108193,234],{"class":42},[28,108195,9087],{"class":93},[28,108197,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206,108208,108210,108212],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108199,36081],{"class":34},[28,108201,385],{"class":93},[28,108203,26030],{"class":120},[28,108205,94],{"class":93},[28,108207,234],{"class":42},[28,108209,3849],{"class":46},[28,108211,234],{"class":42},[28,108213,101],{"class":93},[14,108215,39446,108216,108218],{},[25,108217,107872],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108220,108221,108222,474,108226,385],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[381,108223,108224],{"href":97980},[25,108225,102639],{},[381,108227,108229],{"href":108228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[25,108230,102630],{},[172,108232,108234],{"id":108233},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108236,108237],{},"Here is a simple example:",[18,108239,108241],{"className":20,"code":108240,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[25,108242,108243,108277,108281,108297,108301,108320],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108244,108245,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108273,108275],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108246,108247],{"class":34},"animals ",[28,108249,39],{"class":38},[28,108251,10270],{"class":93},[28,108253,234],{"class":42},[28,108255,36838],{"class":46},[28,108257,234],{"class":42},[28,108259,2759],{"class":93},[28,108261,43],{"class":42},[28,108263,57907],{"class":46},[28,108265,234],{"class":42},[28,108267,2759],{"class":93},[28,108269,43],{"class":42},[28,108271,108272],{"class":46},"rabbit",[28,108274,234],{"class":42},[28,108276,9087],{"class":93},[28,108278,108279],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108280,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,108282,108283,108286,108288,108291,108293,108295],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108284,108285],{"class":34},"removed_animal ",[28,108287,39],{"class":38},[28,108289,108290],{"class":34}," animals",[28,108292,385],{"class":93},[28,108294,26030],{"class":120},[28,108296,8420],{"class":93},[28,108298,108299],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,108300,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,108302,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108318],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,108304,115],{"class":114},[28,108306,94],{"class":93},[28,108308,234],{"class":42},[28,108310,28746],{"class":46},[28,108312,234],{"class":42},[28,108314,2759],{"class":93},[28,108316,108317],{"class":120}," removed_animal",[28,108319,101],{"class":93},[28,108321,108322,108324,108326,108328,108331,108333,108335,108337],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,108323,115],{"class":114},[28,108325,94],{"class":93},[28,108327,234],{"class":42},[28,108329,108330],{"class":46},"Updated set:",[28,108332,234],{"class":42},[28,108334,2759],{"class":93},[28,108336,108290],{"class":120},[28,108338,101],{"class":93},[14,108340,29819],{},[18,108342,108344],{"className":20,"code":108343,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[25,108345,108346,108355],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108347,108348,108350,108352],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108349,28788],{"class":34},[28,108351,271],{"class":93},[28,108353,108354],{"class":34}," dog\n",[28,108356,108357,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108380],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108358,108359],{"class":34},"Updated ",[28,108361,6063],{"class":89},[28,108363,271],{"class":93},[28,108365,10270],{"class":93},[28,108367,358],{"class":42},[28,108369,36838],{"class":46},[28,108371,358],{"class":42},[28,108373,2759],{"class":93},[28,108375,61],{"class":42},[28,108377,108272],{"class":46},[28,108379,358],{"class":42},[28,108381,9087],{"class":93},[14,108383,108384],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[172,108386,108388],{"id":108387},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108390,29440,108391,108393,108394,385],{},[25,108392,12546],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[25,108395,19475],{},[14,108397,924],{},[18,108399,108401],{"className":20,"code":108400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[25,108402,108403,108413],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108404,108405,108407,108409,108411],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108406,7555],{"class":34},[28,108408,39],{"class":38},[28,108410,15418],{"class":89},[28,108412,8420],{"class":93},[28,108414,108415,108417,108419,108421],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108416,7586],{"class":34},[28,108418,385],{"class":93},[28,108420,26030],{"class":120},[28,108422,8420],{"class":93},[14,108424,108425],{},"This raises:",[18,108427,108429],{"className":20,"code":108428,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[25,108430,108431],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108432,108433,108435,108437,108439,108442],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108434,19475],{"class":89},[28,108436,271],{"class":93},[28,108438,61],{"class":42},[28,108440,108441],{"class":46},"pop from an empty set",[28,108443,67],{"class":42},[14,108445,108446,108447,108450],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[381,108448,108449],{"href":10853},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1109,108452,108454,108455],{"id":108453},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[25,108456,12546],{},[14,108458,108459],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[18,108461,108463],{"className":20,"code":108462,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[25,108464,108465,108475,108479,108487,108502,108521,108527],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108466,108467,108469,108471,108473],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108468,7555],{"class":34},[28,108470,39],{"class":38},[28,108472,15418],{"class":89},[28,108474,8420],{"class":93},[28,108476,108477],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108478,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,108480,108481,108483,108485],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108482,6773],{"class":3644},[28,108484,5742],{"class":34},[28,108486,6170],{"class":93},[28,108488,108489,108492,108494,108496,108498,108500],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,108490,108491],{"class":34},"    removed ",[28,108493,39],{"class":38},[28,108495,5742],{"class":34},[28,108497,385],{"class":93},[28,108499,26030],{"class":120},[28,108501,8420],{"class":93},[28,108503,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512,108514,108516,108519],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,108505,7844],{"class":114},[28,108507,94],{"class":93},[28,108509,234],{"class":42},[28,108511,28746],{"class":46},[28,108513,234],{"class":42},[28,108515,2759],{"class":93},[28,108517,108518],{"class":120}," removed",[28,108520,101],{"class":93},[28,108522,108523,108525],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,108524,27223],{"class":3644},[28,108526,6170],{"class":93},[28,108528,108529,108531,108533,108535,108538,108540],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,108530,7844],{"class":114},[28,108532,94],{"class":93},[28,108534,234],{"class":42},[28,108536,108537],{"class":46},"The set is empty.",[28,108539,234],{"class":42},[28,108541,101],{"class":93},[1109,108543,1631,108545,1323,108547],{"id":108544},"use-try-and-except",[25,108546,29593],{},[25,108548,29624],{},[14,108550,108551],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[18,108553,108555],{"className":20,"code":108554,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[25,108556,108557,108567,108571,108577,108591,108609,108617],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108558,108559,108561,108563,108565],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108560,7555],{"class":34},[28,108562,39],{"class":38},[28,108564,15418],{"class":89},[28,108566,8420],{"class":93},[28,108568,108569],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108570,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,108572,108573,108575],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108574,29593],{"class":3644},[28,108576,6170],{"class":93},[28,108578,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,108580,108491],{"class":34},[28,108582,39],{"class":38},[28,108584,5742],{"class":34},[28,108586,385],{"class":93},[28,108588,26030],{"class":120},[28,108590,8420],{"class":93},[28,108592,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605,108607],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,108594,7844],{"class":114},[28,108596,94],{"class":93},[28,108598,234],{"class":42},[28,108600,28746],{"class":46},[28,108602,234],{"class":42},[28,108604,2759],{"class":93},[28,108606,108518],{"class":120},[28,108608,101],{"class":93},[28,108610,108611,108613,108615],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,108612,29624],{"class":3644},[28,108614,29627],{"class":89},[28,108616,6170],{"class":93},[28,108618,108619,108621,108623,108625,108628,108630],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,108620,7844],{"class":114},[28,108622,94],{"class":93},[28,108624,234],{"class":42},[28,108626,108627],{"class":46},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[28,108629,234],{"class":42},[28,108631,101],{"class":93},[172,108633,4734,108635,10365,108637,10365,108639],{"id":108634},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[25,108636,12546],{},[25,108638,55309],{},[25,108640,102625],{},[14,108642,108643],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1109,108645,1631,108647],{"id":108646},"use-pop",[25,108648,12546],{},[14,108650,1631,108651,10381],{},[25,108652,12546],{},[177,108654,108655,108661,108664],{},[180,108656,108657,108658],{},"You want to remove ",[163,108659,108660],{},"any one item",[180,108662,108663],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[180,108665,108666],{},"You want the removed item returned",[18,108668,108670],{"className":20,"code":108669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[25,108671,108672,108692,108706],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108673,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686,108688,108690],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108675,3383],{"class":34},[28,108677,39],{"class":38},[28,108679,10270],{"class":93},[28,108681,2756],{"class":97},[28,108683,2759],{"class":93},[28,108685,2762],{"class":97},[28,108687,2759],{"class":93},[28,108689,2221],{"class":97},[28,108691,9087],{"class":93},[28,108693,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702,108704],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108695,2216],{"class":34},[28,108697,39],{"class":38},[28,108699,4034],{"class":34},[28,108701,385],{"class":93},[28,108703,26030],{"class":120},[28,108705,8420],{"class":93},[28,108707,108708,108710,108712,108714],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108709,115],{"class":114},[28,108711,94],{"class":93},[28,108713,2242],{"class":120},[28,108715,101],{"class":93},[1109,108717,1631,108719],{"id":108718},"use-remove",[25,108720,55309],{},[14,108722,1631,108723,10381],{},[25,108724,55309],{},[177,108726,108727,108733],{},[180,108728,108729,108730],{},"You want to delete a ",[163,108731,108732],{},"specific item",[180,108734,108735],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[18,108737,108739],{"className":20,"code":108738,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,108740,108741,108761,108775],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108742,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108744,3383],{"class":34},[28,108746,39],{"class":38},[28,108748,10270],{"class":93},[28,108750,2756],{"class":97},[28,108752,2759],{"class":93},[28,108754,2762],{"class":97},[28,108756,2759],{"class":93},[28,108758,2221],{"class":97},[28,108760,9087],{"class":93},[28,108762,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771,108773],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108764,3415],{"class":34},[28,108766,385],{"class":93},[28,108768,34584],{"class":120},[28,108770,94],{"class":93},[28,108772,1825],{"class":97},[28,108774,101],{"class":93},[28,108776,108777,108779,108781,108783],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108778,115],{"class":114},[28,108780,94],{"class":93},[28,108782,3415],{"class":120},[28,108784,101],{"class":93},[14,108786,108787,108788,108790,108791,108795],{},"If the item is missing, ",[25,108789,55309],{}," raises an error. See the ",[381,108792,108793,1689],{"href":97980},[25,108794,102639],{}," for details.",[1109,108797,1631,108799],{"id":108798},"use-discard",[25,108800,102625],{},[14,108802,1631,108803,10381],{},[25,108804,102625],{},[177,108806,108807,108811],{},[180,108808,108729,108809],{},[163,108810,108732],{},[180,108812,108813,108814,108816],{},"You do ",[163,108815,4402],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[18,108818,108820],{"className":20,"code":108819,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,108821,108822,108842,108856],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108823,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834,108836,108838,108840],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108825,3383],{"class":34},[28,108827,39],{"class":38},[28,108829,10270],{"class":93},[28,108831,2756],{"class":97},[28,108833,2759],{"class":93},[28,108835,2762],{"class":97},[28,108837,2759],{"class":93},[28,108839,2221],{"class":97},[28,108841,9087],{"class":93},[28,108843,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852,108854],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108845,3415],{"class":34},[28,108847,385],{"class":93},[28,108849,102692],{"class":120},[28,108851,94],{"class":93},[28,108853,1905],{"class":97},[28,108855,101],{"class":93},[28,108857,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108859,115],{"class":114},[28,108861,94],{"class":93},[28,108863,3415],{"class":120},[28,108865,101],{"class":93},[14,108867,108868,108869,108871,108872,108876],{},"This does nothing if ",[25,108870,1905],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[381,108873,108874,1689],{"href":108228},[25,108875,102630],{}," for more examples.",[172,108878,1104],{"id":1103},[14,108880,71259,108881,271],{},[25,108882,107872],{},[177,108884,108885,108891,108896,108901],{},[180,108886,108887,108888],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[25,108889,108890],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[180,108892,8230,108893,108895],{},[25,108894,12546],{}," to remove the first or last item",[180,108897,29440,108898,108900],{},[25,108899,12546],{}," on an empty set",[180,108902,8194,108903,108905],{},[25,108904,12546],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108907,62074],{},[18,108909,108911],{"className":20,"code":108910,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[25,108912,108913,108923,108937,108951],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,108914,108915,108917,108919,108921],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,108916,115],{"class":114},[28,108918,94],{"class":93},[28,108920,15451],{"class":120},[28,108922,101],{"class":93},[28,108924,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933,108935],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,108926,115],{"class":114},[28,108928,94],{"class":93},[28,108930,10941],{"class":114},[28,108932,94],{"class":93},[28,108934,15451],{"class":120},[28,108936,318],{"class":93},[28,108938,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947,108949],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,108940,115],{"class":114},[28,108942,94],{"class":93},[28,108944,311],{"class":89},[28,108946,94],{"class":93},[28,108948,15451],{"class":120},[28,108950,318],{"class":93},[28,108952,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961,108963],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,108954,28328],{"class":34},[28,108956,39],{"class":38},[28,108958,96695],{"class":34},[28,108960,385],{"class":93},[28,108962,26030],{"class":120},[28,108964,8420],{"class":93},[14,108966,25797],{},[177,108968,108969,108972,108975,108978],{},[180,108970,108971],{},"What values are in the set",[180,108973,108974],{},"Whether the set is empty",[180,108976,108977],{},"That the object is really a set",[180,108979,108980],{},"What value was actually removed",[172,108982,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,108984,12487,108986,108988],{"id":108985},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[25,108987,107872],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108990,108991,108992,108994],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[25,108993,12546],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1109,108996,108998,108999,2262],{"id":108997},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[25,109000,107872],{},[14,109002,109003,109004,109006,109007,109009],{},"No. Unlike list ",[25,109005,12546],{},", set ",[25,109008,12546],{}," does not accept an index.",[1109,109011,109013],{"id":109012},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109015,71428,109016,44418,109018,109020],{},[25,109017,19475],{},[25,109019,12546],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1109,109022,109024],{"id":109023},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109026,1631,109027,474,109029,10871,109031,385],{},[25,109028,55309],{},[25,109030,102625],{},[25,109032,12546],{},[172,109034,1662],{"id":1661},[177,109036,109037,109041,109047,109053,109057],{},[180,109038,109039],{},[381,109040,96099],{"href":97270},[180,109042,109043],{},[381,109044,96585,109045,1689],{"href":97980},[25,109046,55309],{},[180,109048,109049],{},[381,109050,96585,109051,1689],{"href":108228},[25,109052,102625],{},[180,109054,109055],{},[381,109056,11042],{"href":10853},[180,109058,109059],{},[381,109060,55295],{"href":54847},[1699,109062,109063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":109065},[109066,109067,109069,109070,109071,109072,109078,109087,109088,109096],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":107992,"depth":53,"text":109068},"What set.pop() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":108130,"depth":53,"text":108131},{"id":108233,"depth":53,"text":108234},{"id":108387,"depth":53,"text":108388,"children":109073},[109074,109076],{"id":108453,"depth":70,"text":109075},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108544,"depth":70,"text":109077},"Use try and except",{"id":108634,"depth":53,"text":109079,"children":109080},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109081,109083,109085],{"id":108646,"depth":70,"text":109082},"Use pop()",{"id":108718,"depth":70,"text":109084},"Use remove()",{"id":108798,"depth":70,"text":109086},"Use discard()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":109089},[109090,109092,109094,109095],{"id":108985,"depth":70,"text":109091},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108997,"depth":70,"text":109093},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109012,"depth":70,"text":109013},{"id":109023,"depth":70,"text":109024},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107860,"description":109097},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109104,"title":109105,"body":109106,"description":110260,"extension":1730,"meta":110261,"navigation":107,"path":110262,"seo":110263,"stem":110264,"__hash__":110265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109107,"toc":110228},[109108,109113,109118,109127,109129,109194,109198,109222,109229,109234,109238,109253,109256,109258,109277,109291,109294,109342,109346,109362,109364,109437,109441,109466,109472,109480,109484,109491,109546,109551,109568,109574,109580,109585,109593,109600,109604,109612,109667,109669,109686,109690,109697,109762,109766,109799,109801,109813,109820,109822,109827,109834,109836,109905,109909,109917,109919,109983,109987,109992,110039,110044,110112,110120,110127,110130,110136,110141,110145,110147,110150,110152,110157,110162,110168,110173,110180,110188,110194,110197,110199,110225],[10,109109,95971,109111,11102],{"id":109110},"python-set-remove-method",[25,109112,55309],{},[14,109114,109115,109117],{},[25,109116,102639],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109119,109120,109121,109124,109125,385],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[163,109122,109123],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[25,109126,19475],{},[172,109128,1771],{"id":1770},[18,109130,109132],{"className":20,"code":109131,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[25,109133,109134,109166,109184],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109135,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109137,12860],{"class":34},[28,109139,39],{"class":38},[28,109141,10270],{"class":93},[28,109143,234],{"class":42},[28,109145,12877],{"class":46},[28,109147,234],{"class":42},[28,109149,2759],{"class":93},[28,109151,43],{"class":42},[28,109153,12894],{"class":46},[28,109155,234],{"class":42},[28,109157,2759],{"class":93},[28,109159,43],{"class":42},[28,109161,17242],{"class":46},[28,109163,234],{"class":42},[28,109165,9087],{"class":93},[28,109167,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178,109180,109182],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109169,17289],{"class":34},[28,109171,385],{"class":93},[28,109173,34584],{"class":120},[28,109175,94],{"class":93},[28,109177,234],{"class":42},[28,109179,12894],{"class":46},[28,109181,234],{"class":42},[28,109183,101],{"class":93},[28,109185,109186,109188,109190,109192],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,109187,115],{"class":114},[28,109189,94],{"class":93},[28,109191,17289],{"class":120},[28,109193,101],{"class":93},[14,109195,109196],{},[163,109197,29819],{},[18,109199,109200],{"className":20,"code":103319,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,109201,109202],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109203,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109205,9057],{"class":93},[28,109207,358],{"class":42},[28,109209,12877],{"class":46},[28,109211,358],{"class":42},[28,109213,2759],{"class":93},[28,109215,61],{"class":42},[28,109217,17242],{"class":46},[28,109219,358],{"class":42},[28,109221,9087],{"class":93},[14,109223,1631,109224,109226,109227,385],{},[25,109225,55309],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[25,109228,19475],{},[172,109230,3445,109232,3448],{"id":109231},"what-setremove-does",[25,109233,102639],{},[14,109235,109236,271],{},[25,109237,102639],{},[177,109239,109240,109243,109245,109247],{},[180,109241,109242],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[180,109244,96086],{},[180,109246,96089],{},[180,109248,109249,109250,109252],{},"Raises ",[25,109251,19475],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109254,109255],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[172,109257,1927],{"id":1926},[18,109259,109261],{"className":20,"code":109260,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[25,109262,109263],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109264,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109266,15451],{"class":34},[28,109268,385],{"class":93},[28,109270,34584],{"class":120},[28,109272,94],{"class":93},[28,109274,2242],{"class":120},[28,109276,101],{"class":93},[177,109278,109279,109283,109288],{},[180,109280,109281,102861],{},[25,109282,15451],{},[180,109284,109285,109287],{},[25,109286,2242],{}," is the item to remove",[180,109289,109290],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109292,109293],{},"Here is a small example:",[18,109295,109296],{"className":20,"code":108738,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,109297,109298,109318,109332],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109299,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109301,3383],{"class":34},[28,109303,39],{"class":38},[28,109305,10270],{"class":93},[28,109307,2756],{"class":97},[28,109309,2759],{"class":93},[28,109311,2762],{"class":97},[28,109313,2759],{"class":93},[28,109315,2221],{"class":97},[28,109317,9087],{"class":93},[28,109319,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109321,3415],{"class":34},[28,109323,385],{"class":93},[28,109325,34584],{"class":120},[28,109327,94],{"class":93},[28,109329,1825],{"class":97},[28,109331,101],{"class":93},[28,109333,109334,109336,109338,109340],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,109335,115],{"class":114},[28,109337,94],{"class":93},[28,109339,3415],{"class":120},[28,109341,101],{"class":93},[14,109343,109344],{},[163,109345,29819],{},[18,109347,109348],{"className":20,"code":101069,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,109349,109350],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109351,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109353,9057],{"class":93},[28,109355,2756],{"class":97},[28,109357,2759],{"class":93},[28,109359,2221],{"class":97},[28,109361,9087],{"class":93},[172,109363,11256],{"id":11255},[18,109365,109367],{"className":20,"code":109366,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[25,109368,109369,109401,109405,109423,109427],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109370,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109372,36029],{"class":34},[28,109374,39],{"class":38},[28,109376,10270],{"class":93},[28,109378,234],{"class":42},[28,109380,3849],{"class":46},[28,109382,234],{"class":42},[28,109384,2759],{"class":93},[28,109386,43],{"class":42},[28,109388,3858],{"class":46},[28,109390,234],{"class":42},[28,109392,2759],{"class":93},[28,109394,43],{"class":42},[28,109396,33012],{"class":46},[28,109398,234],{"class":42},[28,109400,9087],{"class":93},[28,109402,109403],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109404,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,109406,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,109408,36081],{"class":34},[28,109410,385],{"class":93},[28,109412,34584],{"class":120},[28,109414,94],{"class":93},[28,109416,234],{"class":42},[28,109418,3858],{"class":46},[28,109420,234],{"class":42},[28,109422,101],{"class":93},[28,109424,109425],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,109426,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,109428,109429,109431,109433,109435],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,109430,115],{"class":114},[28,109432,94],{"class":93},[28,109434,36081],{"class":120},[28,109436,101],{"class":93},[14,109438,109439],{},[163,109440,29819],{},[18,109442,109444],{"className":20,"code":109443,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[25,109445,109446],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109447,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109449,9057],{"class":93},[28,109451,358],{"class":42},[28,109453,3849],{"class":46},[28,109455,358],{"class":42},[28,109457,2759],{"class":93},[28,109459,61],{"class":42},[28,109461,33012],{"class":46},[28,109463,358],{"class":42},[28,109465,9087],{"class":93},[14,109467,109468,109469,109471],{},"This removes ",[25,109470,65053],{}," from the set.",[14,109473,109474,109475,109477,109478,385],{},"A set does ",[163,109476,4402],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[381,109479,96103],{"href":97654},[172,109481,109483],{"id":109482},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109485,109486,109487,52274,109489,385],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[25,109488,55309],{},[25,109490,19475],{},[18,109492,109494],{"className":20,"code":109493,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[25,109495,109496,109528],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109497,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109499,12860],{"class":34},[28,109501,39],{"class":38},[28,109503,10270],{"class":93},[28,109505,234],{"class":42},[28,109507,12877],{"class":46},[28,109509,234],{"class":42},[28,109511,2759],{"class":93},[28,109513,43],{"class":42},[28,109515,12894],{"class":46},[28,109517,234],{"class":42},[28,109519,2759],{"class":93},[28,109521,43],{"class":42},[28,109523,17242],{"class":46},[28,109525,234],{"class":42},[28,109527,9087],{"class":93},[28,109529,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109531,17289],{"class":34},[28,109533,385],{"class":93},[28,109535,34584],{"class":120},[28,109537,94],{"class":93},[28,109539,234],{"class":42},[28,109541,22311],{"class":46},[28,109543,234],{"class":42},[28,109545,101],{"class":93},[14,109547,109548],{},[163,109549,109550],{},"Result:",[18,109552,109554],{"className":20,"code":109553,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[25,109555,109556],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109557,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109559,19475],{"class":89},[28,109561,271],{"class":93},[28,109563,61],{"class":42},[28,109565,22311],{"class":46},[28,109567,67],{"class":42},[14,109569,21976,109570,109573],{},[25,109571,109572],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109575,109576,109577,109579],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[25,109578,55309],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109581,109582,109583,385],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[381,109584,11042],{"href":10853},[172,109586,3969,109588,109590,109591],{"id":109587},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[25,109589,55309],{}," is different from ",[25,109592,102625],{},[14,109594,109595,1323,109597,109599],{},[25,109596,55309],{},[25,109598,102625],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1109,109601,109602],{"id":34584},[25,109603,55309],{},[177,109605,109606,109609],{},[180,109607,109608],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[180,109610,109611],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[18,109613,109615],{"className":20,"code":109614,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[25,109616,109617,109649],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109618,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109620,35880],{"class":34},[28,109622,39],{"class":38},[28,109624,10270],{"class":93},[28,109626,234],{"class":42},[28,109628,381],{"class":46},[28,109630,234],{"class":42},[28,109632,2759],{"class":93},[28,109634,43],{"class":42},[28,109636,4533],{"class":46},[28,109638,234],{"class":42},[28,109640,2759],{"class":93},[28,109642,43],{"class":42},[28,109644,9518],{"class":46},[28,109646,234],{"class":42},[28,109648,9087],{"class":93},[28,109650,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109652,35933],{"class":34},[28,109654,385],{"class":93},[28,109656,34584],{"class":120},[28,109658,94],{"class":93},[28,109660,234],{"class":42},[28,109662,18555],{"class":46},[28,109664,234],{"class":42},[28,109666,101],{"class":93},[14,109668,108425],{},[18,109670,109672],{"className":20,"code":109671,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[25,109673,109674],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109675,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109677,19475],{"class":89},[28,109679,271],{"class":93},[28,109681,61],{"class":42},[28,109683,18555],{"class":46},[28,109685,67],{"class":42},[1109,109687,109688],{"id":102692},[25,109689,102625],{},[177,109691,109692,109694],{},[180,109693,109608],{},[180,109695,109696],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[18,109698,109700],{"className":20,"code":109699,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,109701,109702,109734,109752],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109703,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109705,35880],{"class":34},[28,109707,39],{"class":38},[28,109709,10270],{"class":93},[28,109711,234],{"class":42},[28,109713,381],{"class":46},[28,109715,234],{"class":42},[28,109717,2759],{"class":93},[28,109719,43],{"class":42},[28,109721,4533],{"class":46},[28,109723,234],{"class":42},[28,109725,2759],{"class":93},[28,109727,43],{"class":42},[28,109729,9518],{"class":46},[28,109731,234],{"class":42},[28,109733,9087],{"class":93},[28,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109737,35933],{"class":34},[28,109739,385],{"class":93},[28,109741,102692],{"class":120},[28,109743,94],{"class":93},[28,109745,234],{"class":42},[28,109747,18555],{"class":46},[28,109749,234],{"class":42},[28,109751,101],{"class":93},[28,109753,109754,109756,109758,109760],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,109755,115],{"class":114},[28,109757,94],{"class":93},[28,109759,35933],{"class":120},[28,109761,101],{"class":93},[14,109763,109764],{},[163,109765,336],{},[18,109767,109769],{"className":20,"code":109768,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[25,109770,109771],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109772,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109774,9057],{"class":93},[28,109776,358],{"class":42},[28,109778,381],{"class":46},[28,109780,358],{"class":42},[28,109782,2759],{"class":93},[28,109784,61],{"class":42},[28,109786,4533],{"class":46},[28,109788,358],{"class":42},[28,109790,2759],{"class":93},[28,109792,61],{"class":42},[28,109794,9518],{"class":46},[28,109796,358],{"class":42},[28,109798,9087],{"class":93},[14,109800,18482],{},[177,109802,109803,109808],{},[180,109804,109805,109807],{},[25,109806,55309],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[180,109809,109810,109812],{},[25,109811,102625],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109814,109815,109816,385],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[381,109817,96585,109818,1689],{"href":108228},[25,109819,102625],{},[172,109821,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,109823,8230,109825,96965],{"id":109824},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[25,109826,55309],{},[14,109828,109829,109831,109832,385],{},[25,109830,55309],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[25,109833,3546],{},[14,109835,16429],{},[18,109837,109839],{"className":20,"code":109838,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[25,109840,109841,109873,109895],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109842,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109844,12860],{"class":34},[28,109846,39],{"class":38},[28,109848,10270],{"class":93},[28,109850,234],{"class":42},[28,109852,12877],{"class":46},[28,109854,234],{"class":42},[28,109856,2759],{"class":93},[28,109858,43],{"class":42},[28,109860,12894],{"class":46},[28,109862,234],{"class":42},[28,109864,2759],{"class":93},[28,109866,43],{"class":42},[28,109868,17242],{"class":46},[28,109870,234],{"class":42},[28,109872,9087],{"class":93},[28,109874,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109876,12903],{"class":34},[28,109878,39],{"class":38},[28,109880,12908],{"class":34},[28,109882,385],{"class":93},[28,109884,34584],{"class":120},[28,109886,94],{"class":93},[28,109888,234],{"class":42},[28,109890,12894],{"class":46},[28,109892,234],{"class":42},[28,109894,101],{"class":93},[28,109896,109897,109899,109901,109903],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,109898,115],{"class":114},[28,109900,94],{"class":93},[28,109902,12927],{"class":120},[28,109904,101],{"class":93},[14,109906,109907],{},[163,109908,336],{},[18,109910,109911],{"className":20,"code":11590,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,109912,109913],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109914,109915],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109916,11590],{"class":776},[14,109918,16441],{},[18,109920,109921],{"className":20,"code":109131,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,109922,109923,109955,109973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109924,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,109926,12860],{"class":34},[28,109928,39],{"class":38},[28,109930,10270],{"class":93},[28,109932,234],{"class":42},[28,109934,12877],{"class":46},[28,109936,234],{"class":42},[28,109938,2759],{"class":93},[28,109940,43],{"class":42},[28,109942,12894],{"class":46},[28,109944,234],{"class":42},[28,109946,2759],{"class":93},[28,109948,43],{"class":42},[28,109950,17242],{"class":46},[28,109952,234],{"class":42},[28,109954,9087],{"class":93},[28,109956,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,109958,17289],{"class":34},[28,109960,385],{"class":93},[28,109962,34584],{"class":120},[28,109964,94],{"class":93},[28,109966,234],{"class":42},[28,109968,12894],{"class":46},[28,109970,234],{"class":42},[28,109972,101],{"class":93},[28,109974,109975,109977,109979,109981],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,109976,115],{"class":114},[28,109978,94],{"class":93},[28,109980,17289],{"class":120},[28,109982,101],{"class":93},[1109,109984,109986],{"id":109985},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109988,109989,109990,385],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[25,109991,19475],{},[18,109993,109995],{"className":20,"code":109994,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[25,109996,109997,110021],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,109998,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110000,12860],{"class":34},[28,110002,39],{"class":38},[28,110004,10270],{"class":93},[28,110006,234],{"class":42},[28,110008,12877],{"class":46},[28,110010,234],{"class":42},[28,110012,2759],{"class":93},[28,110014,43],{"class":42},[28,110016,12894],{"class":46},[28,110018,234],{"class":42},[28,110020,9087],{"class":93},[28,110022,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,110024,17289],{"class":34},[28,110026,385],{"class":93},[28,110028,34584],{"class":120},[28,110030,94],{"class":93},[28,110032,234],{"class":42},[28,110034,17242],{"class":46},[28,110036,234],{"class":42},[28,110038,101],{"class":93},[14,110040,110041,110042,271],{},"To check first, you can use ",[25,110043,3651],{},[18,110045,110047],{"className":20,"code":110046,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[25,110048,110049,110073,110077,110093],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110050,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110052,12860],{"class":34},[28,110054,39],{"class":38},[28,110056,10270],{"class":93},[28,110058,234],{"class":42},[28,110060,12877],{"class":46},[28,110062,234],{"class":42},[28,110064,2759],{"class":93},[28,110066,43],{"class":42},[28,110068,12894],{"class":46},[28,110070,234],{"class":42},[28,110072,9087],{"class":93},[28,110074,110075],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,110076,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,110078,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,110080,6773],{"class":3644},[28,110082,43],{"class":42},[28,110084,17242],{"class":46},[28,110086,234],{"class":42},[28,110088,20961],{"class":38},[28,110090,12908],{"class":34},[28,110092,6170],{"class":93},[28,110094,110095,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,110096,110097],{"class":34},"    colors",[28,110099,385],{"class":93},[28,110101,34584],{"class":120},[28,110103,94],{"class":93},[28,110105,234],{"class":42},[28,110107,17242],{"class":46},[28,110109,234],{"class":42},[28,110111,101],{"class":93},[14,110113,110114,110115,110119],{},"Or use ",[381,110116,110117],{"href":108228},[25,110118,102625],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1109,110121,36995,110123,8482,110125],{"id":110122},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[25,110124,102639],{},[25,110126,54855],{},[14,110128,110129],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110131,110132,110133,110135],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[25,110134,102639],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110137,110138,110139,385],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[381,110140,98849],{"href":98848},[1109,110142,110144],{"id":110143},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110146,108134],{},[14,110148,110149],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[172,110151,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,110153,12487,110155,97064],{"id":110154},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[25,110156,102639],{},[14,110158,110159,110160,385],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[25,110161,3546],{},[1109,110163,30077,110165,110167],{"id":110164},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[25,110166,102639],{}," raise?",[14,110169,30083,110170,110172],{},[25,110171,19475],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1109,110174,21208,110176,474,110178,2262],{"id":110175},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[25,110177,55309],{},[25,110179,102625],{},[14,110181,1631,110182,110184,110185,110187],{},[25,110183,55309],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[25,110186,102625],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1109,110189,4943,110191,110193],{"id":110190},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[25,110192,102639],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110195,110196],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[172,110198,1662],{"id":1661},[177,110200,110201,110207,110213,110217,110221],{},[180,110202,110203],{},[381,110204,96585,110205,1689],{"href":108228},[25,110206,102625],{},[180,110208,110209],{},[381,110210,96585,110211,1689],{"href":97985},[25,110212,12546],{},[180,110214,110215],{},[381,110216,97109],{"href":97654},[180,110218,110219],{},[381,110220,100115],{"href":98848},[180,110222,110223],{},[381,110224,11042],{"href":10853},[1699,110226,110227],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":110229},[110230,110231,110233,110234,110235,110236,110241,110249,110259],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":109231,"depth":53,"text":110232},"What set.remove() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":109482,"depth":53,"text":109483},{"id":109587,"depth":53,"text":110237,"children":110238},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110239,110240],{"id":34584,"depth":70,"text":55309},{"id":102692,"depth":70,"text":102625},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":110242},[110243,110245,110246,110248],{"id":109824,"depth":70,"text":110244},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109985,"depth":70,"text":109986},{"id":110122,"depth":70,"text":110247},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110143,"depth":70,"text":110144},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":110250},[110251,110253,110255,110257],{"id":110154,"depth":70,"text":110252},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110164,"depth":70,"text":110254},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110175,"depth":70,"text":110256},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110190,"depth":70,"text":110258},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109105,"description":110260},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110267,"title":110268,"body":110269,"description":111642,"extension":1730,"meta":111643,"navigation":107,"path":111644,"seo":111645,"stem":111646,"__hash__":111647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110270,"toc":111617},[110271,110277,110283,110286,110289,110303,110305,110386,110389,110394,110398,110412,110419,110421,110440,110443,110461,110463,110543,110545,110570,110574,110577,110585,110590,110595,110597,110610,110615,110618,110642,110645,110653,110655,110658,110755,110757,110790,110792,110818,110825,110828,110832,110840,110844,110852,110854,110944,110946,110960,110967,110972,110977,110979,111070,111072,111084,111086,111100,111106,111114,111116,111198,111200,111245,111248,111256,111259,111261,111265,111308,111310,111330,111335,111337,111422,111424,111429,111431,111438,111446,111452,111455,111457,111543,111545,111569,111573,111576,111578,111605,111615],[10,110272,95971,110274,11102],{"id":110273},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[25,110275,110276],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110278,110279,110282],{},[25,110280,110281],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110284,110285],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110287,110288],{},"Use it when:",[177,110290,110291,110294,110300],{},[180,110292,110293],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[180,110295,110296,110297,110299],{},"you do ",[163,110298,4402],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[180,110301,110302],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[172,110304,3373],{"id":3372},[18,110306,110308],{"className":20,"code":110307,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[25,110309,110310,110330,110350,110354,110373],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110311,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110313,885],{"class":34},[28,110315,39],{"class":38},[28,110317,10270],{"class":93},[28,110319,2756],{"class":97},[28,110321,2759],{"class":93},[28,110323,2762],{"class":97},[28,110325,2759],{"class":93},[28,110327,2221],{"class":97},[28,110329,9087],{"class":93},[28,110331,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,110333,899],{"class":34},[28,110335,39],{"class":38},[28,110337,10270],{"class":93},[28,110339,1831],{"class":97},[28,110341,2759],{"class":93},[28,110343,2226],{"class":97},[28,110345,2759],{"class":93},[28,110347,4376],{"class":97},[28,110349,9087],{"class":93},[28,110351,110352],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,110353,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,110355,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110367,110369,110371],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,110357,1999],{"class":34},[28,110359,39],{"class":38},[28,110361,56667],{"class":34},[28,110363,385],{"class":93},[28,110365,110366],{"class":120},"symmetric_difference",[28,110368,94],{"class":93},[28,110370,4533],{"class":120},[28,110372,101],{"class":93},[28,110374,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,110376,115],{"class":114},[28,110378,94],{"class":93},[28,110380,2033],{"class":120},[28,110382,3428],{"class":93},[28,110384,110385],{"class":1006},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110387,110388],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[172,110390,3445,110392,3448],{"id":110391},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[25,110393,110276],{},[14,110395,110396,271],{},[25,110397,110281],{},[177,110399,110400,110403,110406,110409],{},[180,110401,110402],{},"returns a new set",[180,110404,110405],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[180,110407,110408],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[180,110410,110411],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110413,96095,110414,474,110416,385],{},[381,110415,96099],{"href":96098},[381,110417,110418],{"href":96102},"creating a set in Python",[172,110420,1927],{"id":1926},[18,110422,110424],{"className":20,"code":110423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[25,110425,110426],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110427,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436,110438],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110429,100356],{"class":34},[28,110431,385],{"class":93},[28,110433,110366],{"class":120},[28,110435,94],{"class":93},[28,110437,100365],{"class":120},[28,110439,101],{"class":93},[14,110441,110442],{},"Notes:",[177,110444,110445,110450,110455,110458],{},[180,110446,110447,110449],{},[25,110448,100356],{}," must be a set",[180,110451,110452,110454],{},[25,110453,100365],{}," can be any iterable",[180,110456,110457],{},"the result is always a set",[180,110459,110460],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110462,924],{},[18,110464,110466],{"className":20,"code":110465,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[25,110467,110468,110489,110510,110514,110533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110469,110470,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110471,110472],{"class":34},"set1 ",[28,110474,39],{"class":38},[28,110476,10270],{"class":93},[28,110478,2756],{"class":97},[28,110480,2759],{"class":93},[28,110482,2762],{"class":97},[28,110484,2759],{"class":93},[28,110486,2221],{"class":97},[28,110488,9087],{"class":93},[28,110490,110491,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,110492,110493],{"class":34},"set2 ",[28,110495,39],{"class":38},[28,110497,10270],{"class":93},[28,110499,1831],{"class":97},[28,110501,2759],{"class":93},[28,110503,2226],{"class":97},[28,110505,2759],{"class":93},[28,110507,4376],{"class":97},[28,110509,9087],{"class":93},[28,110511,110512],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,110513,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,110515,110516,110518,110520,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,110517,1999],{"class":34},[28,110519,39],{"class":38},[28,110521,110522],{"class":34}," set1",[28,110524,385],{"class":93},[28,110526,110366],{"class":120},[28,110528,94],{"class":93},[28,110530,100365],{"class":120},[28,110532,101],{"class":93},[28,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,110536,115],{"class":114},[28,110538,94],{"class":93},[28,110540,2033],{"class":120},[28,110542,101],{"class":93},[14,110544,336],{},[18,110546,110548],{"className":20,"code":110547,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[25,110549,110550],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110551,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110553,9057],{"class":93},[28,110555,2756],{"class":97},[28,110557,2759],{"class":93},[28,110559,2762],{"class":97},[28,110561,2759],{"class":93},[28,110563,2226],{"class":97},[28,110565,2759],{"class":93},[28,110567,4376],{"class":97},[28,110569,9087],{"class":93},[172,110571,110573],{"id":110572},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110575,110576],{},"The result includes:",[177,110578,110579,110582],{},[180,110580,110581],{},"items only in the first set",[180,110583,110584],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110586,110587,110588,10862],{},"The result does ",[163,110589,4402],{},[177,110591,110592],{},[180,110593,110594],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110596,5247],{},[177,110598,110599,110604],{},[180,110600,110601,110602],{},"first set: ",[25,110603,100053],{},[180,110605,110606,110607],{},"second set: ",[25,110608,110609],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110611,3819,110612,110614],{},[25,110613,1831],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110616,110617],{},"The output is:",[18,110619,110620],{"className":20,"code":110547,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,110621,110622],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110623,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110625,9057],{"class":93},[28,110627,2756],{"class":97},[28,110629,2759],{"class":93},[28,110631,2762],{"class":97},[28,110633,2759],{"class":93},[28,110635,2226],{"class":97},[28,110637,2759],{"class":93},[28,110639,4376],{"class":97},[28,110641,9087],{"class":93},[14,110643,110644],{},"Also remember:",[177,110646,110647,110650],{},[180,110648,110649],{},"sets are unordered",[180,110651,110652],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[172,110654,11256],{"id":11255},[14,110656,110657],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[18,110659,110661],{"className":20,"code":110660,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,110662,110663,110695,110719,110723,110741,110745],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110664,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110666,106796],{"class":34},[28,110668,39],{"class":38},[28,110670,10270],{"class":93},[28,110672,234],{"class":42},[28,110674,12877],{"class":46},[28,110676,234],{"class":42},[28,110678,2759],{"class":93},[28,110680,43],{"class":42},[28,110682,12894],{"class":46},[28,110684,234],{"class":42},[28,110686,2759],{"class":93},[28,110688,43],{"class":42},[28,110690,17242],{"class":46},[28,110692,234],{"class":42},[28,110694,9087],{"class":93},[28,110696,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,110698,106829],{"class":34},[28,110700,39],{"class":38},[28,110702,10270],{"class":93},[28,110704,234],{"class":42},[28,110706,17242],{"class":46},[28,110708,234],{"class":42},[28,110710,2759],{"class":93},[28,110712,43],{"class":42},[28,110714,22311],{"class":46},[28,110716,234],{"class":42},[28,110718,9087],{"class":93},[28,110720,110721],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,110722,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,110724,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,110726,1999],{"class":34},[28,110728,39],{"class":38},[28,110730,106871],{"class":34},[28,110732,385],{"class":93},[28,110734,110366],{"class":120},[28,110736,94],{"class":93},[28,110738,106880],{"class":120},[28,110740,101],{"class":93},[28,110742,110743],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,110744,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,110746,110747,110749,110751,110753],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,110748,115],{"class":114},[28,110750,94],{"class":93},[28,110752,2033],{"class":120},[28,110754,101],{"class":93},[14,110756,336],{},[18,110758,110760],{"className":20,"code":110759,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[25,110761,110762],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110763,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110765,9057],{"class":93},[28,110767,358],{"class":42},[28,110769,12877],{"class":46},[28,110771,358],{"class":42},[28,110773,2759],{"class":93},[28,110775,61],{"class":42},[28,110777,12894],{"class":46},[28,110779,358],{"class":42},[28,110781,2759],{"class":93},[28,110783,61],{"class":42},[28,110785,22311],{"class":46},[28,110787,358],{"class":42},[28,110789,9087],{"class":93},[14,110791,13194],{},[177,110793,110794,110799,110810],{},[180,110795,110796,110798],{},[25,110797,96264],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[180,110800,110801,1323,110803,110806,110807,110809],{},[25,110802,65171],{},[25,110804,110805],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[25,110808,106933],{},", so they stay",[180,110811,110812,110814,110815,110817],{},[25,110813,109572],{}," is only in ",[25,110816,106880],{},", so it stays",[172,110819,110821,10365,110823],{"id":110820},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[25,110822,110276],{},[25,110824,100185],{},[14,110826,110827],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110829,110830,271],{},[25,110831,100185],{},[177,110833,110834,110837],{},[180,110835,110836],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[180,110838,110839],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110841,110842,271],{},[25,110843,110276],{},[177,110845,110846,110849],{},[180,110847,110848],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[180,110850,110851],{},"removes shared items",[14,110853,924],{},[18,110855,110857],{"className":20,"code":110856,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[25,110858,110859,110879,110899,110903,110924],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110860,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110862,885],{"class":34},[28,110864,39],{"class":38},[28,110866,10270],{"class":93},[28,110868,2756],{"class":97},[28,110870,2759],{"class":93},[28,110872,2762],{"class":97},[28,110874,2759],{"class":93},[28,110876,2221],{"class":97},[28,110878,9087],{"class":93},[28,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,110882,899],{"class":34},[28,110884,39],{"class":38},[28,110886,10270],{"class":93},[28,110888,1831],{"class":97},[28,110890,2759],{"class":93},[28,110892,2226],{"class":97},[28,110894,2759],{"class":93},[28,110896,4376],{"class":97},[28,110898,9087],{"class":93},[28,110900,110901],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,110902,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,110904,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,110906,115],{"class":114},[28,110908,94],{"class":93},[28,110910,381],{"class":120},[28,110912,385],{"class":93},[28,110914,2580],{"class":120},[28,110916,94],{"class":93},[28,110918,4533],{"class":120},[28,110920,5136],{"class":93},[28,110922,110923],{"class":1006},"            # {1, 2}\n",[28,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,110927,115],{"class":114},[28,110929,94],{"class":93},[28,110931,381],{"class":120},[28,110933,385],{"class":93},[28,110935,110366],{"class":120},[28,110937,94],{"class":93},[28,110939,4533],{"class":120},[28,110941,5136],{"class":93},[28,110943,110385],{"class":1006},[14,110945,18482],{},[177,110947,110948,110955],{},[180,110949,110950,110954],{},[381,110951,110952],{"href":102611},[25,110953,100185],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[180,110956,110957,110959],{},[25,110958,110276],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[172,110961,110963,10365,110965],{"id":110962},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[25,110964,110276],{},[25,110966,102570],{},[14,110968,110969,110971],{},[25,110970,102570],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110973,110974,110976],{},[25,110975,110276],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110978,924],{},[18,110980,110982],{"className":20,"code":110981,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[25,110983,110984,111004,111024,111028,111050],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,110985,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,110987,885],{"class":34},[28,110989,39],{"class":38},[28,110991,10270],{"class":93},[28,110993,2756],{"class":97},[28,110995,2759],{"class":93},[28,110997,2762],{"class":97},[28,110999,2759],{"class":93},[28,111001,2221],{"class":97},[28,111003,9087],{"class":93},[28,111005,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111007,899],{"class":34},[28,111009,39],{"class":38},[28,111011,10270],{"class":93},[28,111013,1831],{"class":97},[28,111015,2759],{"class":93},[28,111017,2226],{"class":97},[28,111019,2759],{"class":93},[28,111021,4376],{"class":97},[28,111023,9087],{"class":93},[28,111025,111026],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111027,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111029,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111041,111043,111045,111047],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111031,115],{"class":114},[28,111033,94],{"class":93},[28,111035,381],{"class":120},[28,111037,385],{"class":93},[28,111039,111040],{"class":120},"union",[28,111042,94],{"class":93},[28,111044,4533],{"class":120},[28,111046,5136],{"class":93},[28,111048,111049],{"class":1006},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[28,111051,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111053,115],{"class":114},[28,111055,94],{"class":93},[28,111057,381],{"class":120},[28,111059,385],{"class":93},[28,111061,110366],{"class":120},[28,111063,94],{"class":93},[28,111065,4533],{"class":120},[28,111067,5136],{"class":93},[28,111069,110385],{"class":1006},[14,111071,27010],{},[177,111073,111074,111079],{},[180,111075,111076,111078],{},[25,111077,102570],{}," includes everything",[180,111080,111081,111083],{},[25,111082,110276],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111085,18482],{},[177,111087,111088,111095],{},[180,111089,111090,111094],{},[381,111091,111092],{"href":107501},[25,111093,102570],{}," when overlap does not matter",[180,111096,111097,111099],{},[25,111098,110276],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[172,111101,36403,111103,101369],{"id":111102},"using-the-operator",[25,111104,111105],{},"^",[14,111107,111108,111109,111111,111112,385],{},"For sets, the ",[25,111110,111105],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[25,111113,110276],{},[14,111115,924],{},[18,111117,111119],{"className":20,"code":111118,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[25,111120,111121,111141,111161,111165,111183],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111122,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135,111137,111139],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111124,110472],{"class":34},[28,111126,39],{"class":38},[28,111128,10270],{"class":93},[28,111130,2756],{"class":97},[28,111132,2759],{"class":93},[28,111134,2762],{"class":97},[28,111136,2759],{"class":93},[28,111138,2221],{"class":97},[28,111140,9087],{"class":93},[28,111142,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157,111159],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111144,110493],{"class":34},[28,111146,39],{"class":38},[28,111148,10270],{"class":93},[28,111150,1831],{"class":97},[28,111152,2759],{"class":93},[28,111154,2226],{"class":97},[28,111156,2759],{"class":93},[28,111158,4376],{"class":97},[28,111160,9087],{"class":93},[28,111162,111163],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111164,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111166,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111168,115],{"class":114},[28,111170,94],{"class":93},[28,111172,100356],{"class":120},[28,111174,385],{"class":93},[28,111176,110366],{"class":120},[28,111178,94],{"class":93},[28,111180,100365],{"class":120},[28,111182,318],{"class":93},[28,111184,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111196],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111186,115],{"class":114},[28,111188,94],{"class":93},[28,111190,110472],{"class":120},[28,111192,111105],{"class":38},[28,111194,111195],{"class":120}," set2",[28,111197,101],{"class":93},[14,111199,29819],{},[18,111201,111203],{"className":20,"code":111202,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[25,111204,111205,111225],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111206,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111208,9057],{"class":93},[28,111210,2756],{"class":97},[28,111212,2759],{"class":93},[28,111214,2762],{"class":97},[28,111216,2759],{"class":93},[28,111218,2226],{"class":97},[28,111220,2759],{"class":93},[28,111222,4376],{"class":97},[28,111224,9087],{"class":93},[28,111226,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111228,9057],{"class":93},[28,111230,2756],{"class":97},[28,111232,2759],{"class":93},[28,111234,2762],{"class":97},[28,111236,2759],{"class":93},[28,111238,2226],{"class":97},[28,111240,2759],{"class":93},[28,111242,4376],{"class":97},[28,111244,9087],{"class":93},[14,111246,111247],{},"Both forms:",[177,111249,111250,111253],{},[180,111251,111252],{},"return a new set",[180,111254,111255],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111257,111258],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[172,111260,4290],{"id":4289},[14,111262,20999,111263,271],{},[25,111264,110276],{},[177,111266,111267,111275,111285,111300],{},[180,111268,111269,111272,111274],{},[163,111270,111271],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9625,111273],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[180,111276,111277,111280,111282,111284],{},[163,111278,111279],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9625,111281],{},[25,111283,110276],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[180,111286,111287,111292,111294,111296,111297,111299],{},[163,111288,111289,111290],{},"Confusing it with ",[25,111291,100185],{},[9625,111293],{},[25,111295,100185],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[25,111298,110276],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[180,111301,111302,111305,111307],{},[163,111303,111304],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9625,111306],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111309,58642],{},[177,111311,111312,111321,111324,111327],{},[180,111313,50271,111314,44418,111316,111320],{},[25,111315,110276],{},[381,111317,111318],{"href":107501},[25,111319,102570],{}," is actually needed",[180,111322,111323],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[180,111325,111326],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[180,111328,111329],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111331,111332,111333,385],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[381,111334,98849],{"href":105114},[14,111336,62074],{},[18,111338,111340],{"className":20,"code":111339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[25,111341,111342,111352,111362,111380,111394,111408],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111343,111344,111346,111348,111350],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111345,115],{"class":114},[28,111347,94],{"class":93},[28,111349,100356],{"class":120},[28,111351,101],{"class":93},[28,111353,111354,111356,111358,111360],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111355,115],{"class":114},[28,111357,94],{"class":93},[28,111359,100365],{"class":120},[28,111361,101],{"class":93},[28,111363,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111365,115],{"class":114},[28,111367,94],{"class":93},[28,111369,100356],{"class":120},[28,111371,385],{"class":93},[28,111373,110366],{"class":120},[28,111375,94],{"class":93},[28,111377,100365],{"class":120},[28,111379,318],{"class":93},[28,111381,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111383,115],{"class":114},[28,111385,94],{"class":93},[28,111387,110472],{"class":120},[28,111389,111105],{"class":38},[28,111391,111195],{"class":120},[28,111393,101],{"class":93},[28,111395,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111397,115],{"class":114},[28,111399,94],{"class":93},[28,111401,311],{"class":89},[28,111403,94],{"class":93},[28,111405,100356],{"class":120},[28,111407,318],{"class":93},[28,111409,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,111411,115],{"class":114},[28,111413,94],{"class":93},[28,111415,311],{"class":89},[28,111417,94],{"class":93},[28,111419,100365],{"class":120},[28,111421,318],{"class":93},[172,111423,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,111425,12487,111427,102510],{"id":111426},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[25,111428,110276],{},[14,111430,102513],{},[1109,111432,4953,111434,1323,111436,2262],{"id":111433},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[25,111435,110276],{},[25,111437,100185],{},[14,111439,111440,111442,111443,111445],{},[25,111441,100185],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[25,111444,110276],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1109,111447,28118,111449,111451],{"id":111448},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[25,111450,110276],{}," with lists?",[14,111453,111454],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111456,924],{},[18,111458,111460],{"className":20,"code":111459,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[25,111461,111462,111482,111502,111506,111533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111463,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111465,80436],{"class":34},[28,111467,39],{"class":38},[28,111469,3388],{"class":93},[28,111471,2756],{"class":97},[28,111473,2759],{"class":93},[28,111475,2762],{"class":97},[28,111477,2759],{"class":93},[28,111479,2221],{"class":97},[28,111481,3401],{"class":93},[28,111483,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111485,80457],{"class":34},[28,111487,39],{"class":38},[28,111489,3388],{"class":93},[28,111491,1831],{"class":97},[28,111493,2759],{"class":93},[28,111495,2226],{"class":97},[28,111497,2759],{"class":93},[28,111499,4376],{"class":97},[28,111501,3401],{"class":93},[28,111503,111504],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111505,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111507,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111509,1999],{"class":34},[28,111511,39],{"class":38},[28,111513,15418],{"class":89},[28,111515,94],{"class":93},[28,111517,111518],{"class":120},"list1",[28,111520,8408],{"class":93},[28,111522,110366],{"class":120},[28,111524,94],{"class":93},[28,111526,6063],{"class":89},[28,111528,94],{"class":93},[28,111530,80723],{"class":120},[28,111532,318],{"class":93},[28,111534,111535,111537,111539,111541],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111536,115],{"class":114},[28,111538,94],{"class":93},[28,111540,2033],{"class":120},[28,111542,101],{"class":93},[14,111544,336],{},[18,111546,111547],{"className":20,"code":110547,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,111548,111549],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111550,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111552,9057],{"class":93},[28,111554,2756],{"class":97},[28,111556,2759],{"class":93},[28,111558,2762],{"class":97},[28,111560,2759],{"class":93},[28,111562,2226],{"class":97},[28,111564,2759],{"class":93},[28,111566,4376],{"class":97},[28,111568,9087],{"class":93},[1109,111570,111572],{"id":111571},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111574,111575],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[172,111577,1662],{"id":1661},[177,111579,111580,111584,111589,111595,111601],{},[180,111581,111582],{},[381,111583,96099],{"href":96098},[180,111585,111586],{},[381,111587,111588],{"href":96102},"Creating a set in Python",[180,111590,111591],{},[381,111592,96585,111593,1689],{"href":102611},[25,111594,100185],{},[180,111596,111597],{},[381,111598,96585,111599,1689],{"href":107501},[25,111600,102570],{},[180,111602,111603],{},[381,111604,100115],{"href":105114},[14,111606,111607,111608,1959,111610,16858,111612,111614],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[25,111609,100185],{},[25,111611,102570],{},[25,111613,110276],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1699,111616,57021],{},{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":111618},[111619,111620,111622,111623,111624,111625,111627,111629,111631,111632,111641],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":110391,"depth":53,"text":111621},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":110572,"depth":53,"text":110573},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":110820,"depth":53,"text":111626},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110962,"depth":53,"text":111628},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111102,"depth":53,"text":111630},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":111633},[111634,111636,111638,111640],{"id":111426,"depth":70,"text":111635},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111433,"depth":70,"text":111637},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111448,"depth":70,"text":111639},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111571,"depth":70,"text":111572},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110268,"description":111642},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111649,"title":111650,"body":111651,"description":113714,"extension":1730,"meta":113715,"navigation":107,"path":107501,"seo":113716,"stem":113717,"__hash__":113718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111652,"toc":113673},[111653,111658,111663,111666,111679,111681,111763,111768,111773,111777,111789,111792,111796,111798,111825,111827,111838,111841,111910,111912,111918,111921,111931,111933,112022,112027,112029,112036,112039,112041,112044,112164,112166,112235,112238,112255,112260,112263,112379,112381,112410,112413,112419,112424,112428,112509,112511,112539,112544,112548,112643,112645,112686,112690,112693,112760,112762,112803,112809,112824,112831,112838,112842,112848,112934,112938,112946,113017,113022,113029,113031,113037,113039,113104,113106,113122,113127,113130,113199,113203,113206,113265,113268,113272,113325,113338,113341,113394,113398,113400,113431,113434,113439,113492,113496,113499,113520,113532,113534,113587,113589,113594,113596,113602,113605,113611,113616,113620,113623,113631,113640,113642,113670],[10,111654,858,111656,11102],{"id":111655},"python-setunion-method",[25,111657,107814],{},[14,111659,111660,111662],{},[25,111661,107814],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111664,111665],{},"It is useful when you want:",[177,111667,111668,111671,111676],{},[180,111669,111670],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[180,111672,885,111673,111675],{},[163,111674,100540],{}," as the result",[180,111677,111678],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[172,111680,1771],{"id":1770},[18,111682,111684],{"className":20,"code":111683,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[25,111685,111686,111706,111726,111730,111748,111758],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111687,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111689,110472],{"class":34},[28,111691,39],{"class":38},[28,111693,10270],{"class":93},[28,111695,2756],{"class":97},[28,111697,2759],{"class":93},[28,111699,2762],{"class":97},[28,111701,2759],{"class":93},[28,111703,2221],{"class":97},[28,111705,9087],{"class":93},[28,111707,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111709,110493],{"class":34},[28,111711,39],{"class":38},[28,111713,10270],{"class":93},[28,111715,1831],{"class":97},[28,111717,2759],{"class":93},[28,111719,2226],{"class":97},[28,111721,2759],{"class":93},[28,111723,4376],{"class":97},[28,111725,9087],{"class":93},[28,111727,111728],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111729,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111731,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111733,1999],{"class":34},[28,111735,39],{"class":38},[28,111737,110522],{"class":34},[28,111739,385],{"class":93},[28,111741,111040],{"class":120},[28,111743,94],{"class":93},[28,111745,100365],{"class":120},[28,111747,101],{"class":93},[28,111749,111750,111752,111754,111756],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111751,115],{"class":114},[28,111753,94],{"class":93},[28,111755,2033],{"class":120},[28,111757,101],{"class":93},[28,111759,111760],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,111761,111762],{"class":1006},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111764,111765,111767],{},[25,111766,102570],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[172,111769,3445,111771,3448],{"id":111770},"what-setunion-does",[25,111772,107814],{},[14,111774,111775,271],{},[25,111776,107814],{},[177,111778,111779,111782,111785,111787],{},[180,111780,111781],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[180,111783,111784],{},"keeps only unique values",[180,111786,110402],{},[180,111788,110411],{},[14,111790,111791],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111793,96095,111794,385],{},[381,111795,96099],{"href":97270},[172,111797,1927],{"id":1926},[18,111799,111801],{"className":20,"code":111800,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[25,111802,111803],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111804,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111806,100356],{"class":34},[28,111808,385],{"class":93},[28,111810,111040],{"class":120},[28,111812,94],{"class":93},[28,111814,100365],{"class":120},[28,111816,2759],{"class":93},[28,111818,100392],{"class":120},[28,111820,2759],{"class":93},[28,111822,34245],{"class":114},[28,111824,101],{"class":93},[14,111826,12836],{},[177,111828,111829,111832,111835],{},[180,111830,111831],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[180,111833,111834],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[180,111836,111837],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111839,111840],{},"Example with two sets:",[18,111842,111844],{"className":20,"code":111843,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[25,111845,111846,111862,111878,111882,111900],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111847,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111849,885],{"class":34},[28,111851,39],{"class":38},[28,111853,10270],{"class":93},[28,111855,2756],{"class":97},[28,111857,2759],{"class":93},[28,111859,2762],{"class":97},[28,111861,9087],{"class":93},[28,111863,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111865,899],{"class":34},[28,111867,39],{"class":38},[28,111869,10270],{"class":93},[28,111871,1825],{"class":97},[28,111873,2759],{"class":93},[28,111875,2221],{"class":97},[28,111877,9087],{"class":93},[28,111879,111880],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111881,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111883,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111885,1999],{"class":34},[28,111887,39],{"class":38},[28,111889,56667],{"class":34},[28,111891,385],{"class":93},[28,111893,111040],{"class":120},[28,111895,94],{"class":93},[28,111897,4533],{"class":120},[28,111899,101],{"class":93},[28,111901,111902,111904,111906,111908],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111903,115],{"class":114},[28,111905,94],{"class":93},[28,111907,2033],{"class":120},[28,111909,101],{"class":93},[172,111911,21757],{"id":21756},[14,111913,111914,100537,111916,385],{},[25,111915,107814],{},[163,111917,100540],{},[14,111919,111920],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[177,111922,111923,111926],{},[180,111924,111925],{},"the original set",[180,111927,111928,111929],{},"all arguments passed to ",[25,111930,102570],{},[14,111932,924],{},[18,111934,111936],{"className":20,"code":111935,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[25,111937,111938,111954,111970,111974,111992,111996,112009],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,111939,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,111941,885],{"class":34},[28,111943,39],{"class":38},[28,111945,10270],{"class":93},[28,111947,2756],{"class":97},[28,111949,2759],{"class":93},[28,111951,2762],{"class":97},[28,111953,9087],{"class":93},[28,111955,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,111957,899],{"class":34},[28,111959,39],{"class":38},[28,111961,10270],{"class":93},[28,111963,1825],{"class":97},[28,111965,2759],{"class":93},[28,111967,2221],{"class":97},[28,111969,9087],{"class":93},[28,111971,111972],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,111973,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111975,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,111977,1999],{"class":34},[28,111979,39],{"class":38},[28,111981,56667],{"class":34},[28,111983,385],{"class":93},[28,111985,111040],{"class":120},[28,111987,94],{"class":93},[28,111989,4533],{"class":120},[28,111991,101],{"class":93},[28,111993,111994],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,111995,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,111997,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,111999,115],{"class":114},[28,112001,94],{"class":93},[28,112003,2033],{"class":120},[28,112005,3428],{"class":93},[28,112007,112008],{"class":1006},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[28,112010,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,112012,115],{"class":114},[28,112014,94],{"class":93},[28,112016,381],{"class":120},[28,112018,3428],{"class":93},[28,112020,112021],{"class":1006},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112023,2055,112024,112026],{},[25,112025,381],{}," did not change.",[14,112028,110644],{},[177,112030,112031,112033],{},[180,112032,110649],{},[180,112034,112035],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112037,112038],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[172,112040,11256],{"id":11255},[14,112042,112043],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[18,112045,112047],{"className":20,"code":112046,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[25,112048,112049,112082,112115,112119,112139,112143,112153],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112050,112051,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078,112080],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112052,112053],{"class":34},"fruits1 ",[28,112055,39],{"class":38},[28,112057,10270],{"class":93},[28,112059,234],{"class":42},[28,112061,3849],{"class":46},[28,112063,234],{"class":42},[28,112065,2759],{"class":93},[28,112067,43],{"class":42},[28,112069,3858],{"class":46},[28,112071,234],{"class":42},[28,112073,2759],{"class":93},[28,112075,43],{"class":42},[28,112077,33012],{"class":46},[28,112079,234],{"class":42},[28,112081,9087],{"class":93},[28,112083,112084,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112085,112086],{"class":34},"fruits2 ",[28,112088,39],{"class":38},[28,112090,10270],{"class":93},[28,112092,234],{"class":42},[28,112094,3858],{"class":46},[28,112096,234],{"class":42},[28,112098,2759],{"class":93},[28,112100,43],{"class":42},[28,112102,22320],{"class":46},[28,112104,234],{"class":42},[28,112106,2759],{"class":93},[28,112108,43],{"class":42},[28,112110,33012],{"class":46},[28,112112,234],{"class":42},[28,112114,9087],{"class":93},[28,112116,112117],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112118,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112120,112121,112123,112125,112128,112130,112132,112134,112137],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112122,1999],{"class":34},[28,112124,39],{"class":38},[28,112126,112127],{"class":34}," fruits1",[28,112129,385],{"class":93},[28,112131,111040],{"class":120},[28,112133,94],{"class":93},[28,112135,112136],{"class":120},"fruits2",[28,112138,101],{"class":93},[28,112140,112141],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,112142,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112144,112145,112147,112149,112151],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,112146,115],{"class":114},[28,112148,94],{"class":93},[28,112150,2033],{"class":120},[28,112152,101],{"class":93},[28,112154,112155,112157,112159,112162],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,112156,115],{"class":114},[28,112158,94],{"class":93},[28,112160,112161],{"class":120},"fruits1",[28,112163,101],{"class":93},[14,112165,29819],{},[18,112167,112169],{"className":20,"code":112168,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[25,112170,112171,112207],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112172,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112174,9057],{"class":93},[28,112176,358],{"class":42},[28,112178,3858],{"class":46},[28,112180,358],{"class":42},[28,112182,2759],{"class":93},[28,112184,61],{"class":42},[28,112186,33012],{"class":46},[28,112188,358],{"class":42},[28,112190,2759],{"class":93},[28,112192,61],{"class":42},[28,112194,3849],{"class":46},[28,112196,358],{"class":42},[28,112198,2759],{"class":93},[28,112200,61],{"class":42},[28,112202,22320],{"class":46},[28,112204,358],{"class":42},[28,112206,9087],{"class":93},[28,112208,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112210,9057],{"class":93},[28,112212,358],{"class":42},[28,112214,3858],{"class":46},[28,112216,358],{"class":42},[28,112218,2759],{"class":93},[28,112220,61],{"class":42},[28,112222,33012],{"class":46},[28,112224,358],{"class":42},[28,112226,2759],{"class":93},[28,112228,61],{"class":42},[28,112230,3849],{"class":46},[28,112232,358],{"class":42},[28,112234,9087],{"class":93},[14,112236,112237],{},"What this shows:",[177,112239,112240,112247,112250],{},[180,112241,112242,1323,112244,112246],{},[25,112243,65053],{},[25,112245,65480],{}," appear in both sets",[180,112248,112249],{},"they appear only once in the result",[180,112251,112252,112254],{},[25,112253,112161],{}," stays unchanged",[172,112256,8194,112258,100929],{"id":112257},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[25,112259,102570],{},[14,112261,112262],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[18,112264,112266],{"className":20,"code":112265,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,112267,112268,112284,112300,112317,112334,112338,112365,112369],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112269,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112271,110472],{"class":34},[28,112273,39],{"class":38},[28,112275,10270],{"class":93},[28,112277,2756],{"class":97},[28,112279,2759],{"class":93},[28,112281,2762],{"class":97},[28,112283,9087],{"class":93},[28,112285,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112287,110493],{"class":34},[28,112289,39],{"class":38},[28,112291,10270],{"class":93},[28,112293,1825],{"class":97},[28,112295,2759],{"class":93},[28,112297,2221],{"class":97},[28,112299,9087],{"class":93},[28,112301,112302,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112303,112304],{"class":34},"set3 ",[28,112306,39],{"class":38},[28,112308,10270],{"class":93},[28,112310,1831],{"class":97},[28,112312,2759],{"class":93},[28,112314,2226],{"class":97},[28,112316,9087],{"class":93},[28,112318,112319,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112320,112321],{"class":34},"set4 ",[28,112323,39],{"class":38},[28,112325,10270],{"class":93},[28,112327,2275],{"class":97},[28,112329,2759],{"class":93},[28,112331,4376],{"class":97},[28,112333,9087],{"class":93},[28,112335,112336],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,112337,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112339,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112363],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,112341,1999],{"class":34},[28,112343,39],{"class":38},[28,112345,110522],{"class":34},[28,112347,385],{"class":93},[28,112349,111040],{"class":120},[28,112351,94],{"class":93},[28,112353,100365],{"class":120},[28,112355,2759],{"class":93},[28,112357,100392],{"class":120},[28,112359,2759],{"class":93},[28,112361,112362],{"class":120}," set4",[28,112364,101],{"class":93},[28,112366,112367],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,112368,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112370,112371,112373,112375,112377],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,112372,115],{"class":114},[28,112374,94],{"class":93},[28,112376,2033],{"class":120},[28,112378,101],{"class":93},[14,112380,29819],{},[18,112382,112384],{"className":20,"code":112383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[25,112385,112386],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112387,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112389,9057],{"class":93},[28,112391,2756],{"class":97},[28,112393,2759],{"class":93},[28,112395,2762],{"class":97},[28,112397,2759],{"class":93},[28,112399,2221],{"class":97},[28,112401,2759],{"class":93},[28,112403,2226],{"class":97},[28,112405,2759],{"class":93},[28,112407,4376],{"class":97},[28,112409,9087],{"class":93},[14,112411,112412],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[172,112414,8194,112416,112418],{"id":112415},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[25,112417,102570],{}," with other iterables",[14,112420,112421,112423],{},[25,112422,102570],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1109,112425,112427],{"id":112426},"with-a-list","With a list",[18,112429,112431],{"className":20,"code":112430,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[25,112432,112433,112453,112477,112481,112499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112434,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112436,3383],{"class":34},[28,112438,39],{"class":38},[28,112440,10270],{"class":93},[28,112442,2756],{"class":97},[28,112444,2759],{"class":93},[28,112446,2762],{"class":97},[28,112448,2759],{"class":93},[28,112450,2221],{"class":97},[28,112452,9087],{"class":93},[28,112454,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112456,60826],{"class":34},[28,112458,39],{"class":38},[28,112460,3388],{"class":93},[28,112462,1831],{"class":97},[28,112464,2759],{"class":93},[28,112466,2226],{"class":97},[28,112468,2759],{"class":93},[28,112470,4376],{"class":97},[28,112472,2759],{"class":93},[28,112474,4376],{"class":97},[28,112476,3401],{"class":93},[28,112478,112479],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112480,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112484,1999],{"class":34},[28,112486,39],{"class":38},[28,112488,4034],{"class":34},[28,112490,385],{"class":93},[28,112492,111040],{"class":120},[28,112494,94],{"class":93},[28,112496,60855],{"class":120},[28,112498,101],{"class":93},[28,112500,112501,112503,112505,112507],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,112502,115],{"class":114},[28,112504,94],{"class":93},[28,112506,2033],{"class":120},[28,112508,101],{"class":93},[14,112510,29819],{},[18,112512,112513],{"className":20,"code":112383,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,112514,112515],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112516,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112518,9057],{"class":93},[28,112520,2756],{"class":97},[28,112522,2759],{"class":93},[28,112524,2762],{"class":97},[28,112526,2759],{"class":93},[28,112528,2221],{"class":97},[28,112530,2759],{"class":93},[28,112532,2226],{"class":97},[28,112534,2759],{"class":93},[28,112536,4376],{"class":97},[28,112538,9087],{"class":93},[14,112540,260,112541,112543],{},[25,112542,1905],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1109,112545,112547],{"id":112546},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[18,112549,112551],{"className":20,"code":112550,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[25,112552,112553,112577,112610,112614,112633],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112554,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112556,35880],{"class":34},[28,112558,39],{"class":38},[28,112560,10270],{"class":93},[28,112562,234],{"class":42},[28,112564,381],{"class":46},[28,112566,234],{"class":42},[28,112568,2759],{"class":93},[28,112570,43],{"class":42},[28,112572,4533],{"class":46},[28,112574,234],{"class":42},[28,112576,9087],{"class":93},[28,112578,112579,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112580,112581],{"class":34},"more_letters ",[28,112583,39],{"class":38},[28,112585,9015],{"class":93},[28,112587,234],{"class":42},[28,112589,4533],{"class":46},[28,112591,234],{"class":42},[28,112593,2759],{"class":93},[28,112595,43],{"class":42},[28,112597,9518],{"class":46},[28,112599,234],{"class":42},[28,112601,2759],{"class":93},[28,112603,43],{"class":42},[28,112605,18555],{"class":46},[28,112607,234],{"class":42},[28,112609,101],{"class":93},[28,112611,112612],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112613,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112615,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112631],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112617,1999],{"class":34},[28,112619,39],{"class":38},[28,112621,69875],{"class":34},[28,112623,385],{"class":93},[28,112625,111040],{"class":120},[28,112627,94],{"class":93},[28,112629,112630],{"class":120},"more_letters",[28,112632,101],{"class":93},[28,112634,112635,112637,112639,112641],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,112636,115],{"class":114},[28,112638,94],{"class":93},[28,112640,2033],{"class":120},[28,112642,101],{"class":93},[14,112644,29819],{},[18,112646,112648],{"className":20,"code":112647,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[25,112649,112650],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112651,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112653,9057],{"class":93},[28,112655,358],{"class":42},[28,112657,381],{"class":46},[28,112659,358],{"class":42},[28,112661,2759],{"class":93},[28,112663,61],{"class":42},[28,112665,4533],{"class":46},[28,112667,358],{"class":42},[28,112669,2759],{"class":93},[28,112671,61],{"class":42},[28,112673,9518],{"class":46},[28,112675,358],{"class":42},[28,112677,2759],{"class":93},[28,112679,61],{"class":42},[28,112681,18555],{"class":46},[28,112683,358],{"class":42},[28,112685,9087],{"class":93},[1109,112687,112689],{"id":112688},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112691,112692],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[18,112694,112696],{"className":20,"code":112695,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,112697,112698,112723,112746,112750],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112699,112700,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112701,112702],{"class":34},"chars ",[28,112704,39],{"class":38},[28,112706,10270],{"class":93},[28,112708,234],{"class":42},[28,112710,381],{"class":46},[28,112712,234],{"class":42},[28,112714,2759],{"class":93},[28,112716,43],{"class":42},[28,112718,4533],{"class":46},[28,112720,234],{"class":42},[28,112722,9087],{"class":93},[28,112724,112725,112727,112729,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112726,1999],{"class":34},[28,112728,39],{"class":38},[28,112730,112731],{"class":34}," chars",[28,112733,385],{"class":93},[28,112735,111040],{"class":120},[28,112737,94],{"class":93},[28,112739,234],{"class":42},[28,112741,36838],{"class":46},[28,112743,234],{"class":42},[28,112745,101],{"class":93},[28,112747,112748],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112749,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112751,112752,112754,112756,112758],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112753,115],{"class":114},[28,112755,94],{"class":93},[28,112757,2033],{"class":120},[28,112759,101],{"class":93},[14,112761,29819],{},[18,112763,112765],{"className":20,"code":112764,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[25,112766,112767],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112768,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112770,9057],{"class":93},[28,112772,358],{"class":42},[28,112774,381],{"class":46},[28,112776,358],{"class":42},[28,112778,2759],{"class":93},[28,112780,61],{"class":42},[28,112782,4533],{"class":46},[28,112784,358],{"class":42},[28,112786,2759],{"class":93},[28,112788,61],{"class":42},[28,112790,9518],{"class":46},[28,112792,358],{"class":42},[28,112794,2759],{"class":93},[28,112796,61],{"class":42},[28,112798,63066],{"class":46},[28,112800,358],{"class":42},[28,112802,9087],{"class":93},[14,112804,21976,112805,112808],{},[25,112806,112807],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[177,112810,112811,112815,112819],{},[180,112812,112813],{},[25,112814,66260],{},[180,112816,112817],{},[25,112818,17883],{},[180,112820,112821],{},[25,112822,112823],{},"\"t\"",[172,112825,112827,10365,112829],{"id":112826},"union-vs-update",[25,112828,102570],{},[25,112830,14740],{},[14,112832,112833,1323,112835,112837],{},[25,112834,102570],{},[25,112836,14740],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1109,112839,112840],{"id":111040},[25,112841,102570],{},[177,112843,112844,112846],{},[180,112845,110402],{},[180,112847,110411],{},[18,112849,112850],{"className":20,"code":111935,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,112851,112852,112868,112884,112888,112906,112910,112922],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112853,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112855,885],{"class":34},[28,112857,39],{"class":38},[28,112859,10270],{"class":93},[28,112861,2756],{"class":97},[28,112863,2759],{"class":93},[28,112865,2762],{"class":97},[28,112867,9087],{"class":93},[28,112869,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112871,899],{"class":34},[28,112873,39],{"class":38},[28,112875,10270],{"class":93},[28,112877,1825],{"class":97},[28,112879,2759],{"class":93},[28,112881,2221],{"class":97},[28,112883,9087],{"class":93},[28,112885,112886],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112887,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112889,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112891,1999],{"class":34},[28,112893,39],{"class":38},[28,112895,56667],{"class":34},[28,112897,385],{"class":93},[28,112899,111040],{"class":120},[28,112901,94],{"class":93},[28,112903,4533],{"class":120},[28,112905,101],{"class":93},[28,112907,112908],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,112909,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112911,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,112913,115],{"class":114},[28,112915,94],{"class":93},[28,112917,2033],{"class":120},[28,112919,3428],{"class":93},[28,112921,112008],{"class":1006},[28,112923,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,112925,115],{"class":114},[28,112927,94],{"class":93},[28,112929,381],{"class":120},[28,112931,3428],{"class":93},[28,112933,112021],{"class":1006},[1109,112935,112936],{"id":30254},[25,112937,14740],{},[177,112939,112940,112943],{},[180,112941,112942],{},"changes the existing set in place",[180,112944,112945],{},"does not create a separate result set",[18,112947,112949],{"className":20,"code":112948,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[25,112950,112951,112967,112983,112987,113001,113005],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,112952,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,112954,885],{"class":34},[28,112956,39],{"class":38},[28,112958,10270],{"class":93},[28,112960,2756],{"class":97},[28,112962,2759],{"class":93},[28,112964,2762],{"class":97},[28,112966,9087],{"class":93},[28,112968,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,112970,899],{"class":34},[28,112972,39],{"class":38},[28,112974,10270],{"class":93},[28,112976,1825],{"class":97},[28,112978,2759],{"class":93},[28,112980,2221],{"class":97},[28,112982,9087],{"class":93},[28,112984,112985],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,112986,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,112988,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,112990,381],{"class":34},[28,112992,385],{"class":93},[28,112994,30254],{"class":120},[28,112996,94],{"class":93},[28,112998,4533],{"class":120},[28,113000,101],{"class":93},[28,113002,113003],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,113004,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,113006,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,113008,115],{"class":114},[28,113010,94],{"class":93},[28,113012,381],{"class":120},[28,113014,3428],{"class":93},[28,113016,112008],{"class":1006},[14,113018,1631,113019,113021],{},[25,113020,102570],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113023,113024,113025,385],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[381,113026,858,113027,1689],{"href":98290},[25,113028,97085],{},[172,113030,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,113032,8230,113034,113036],{"id":113033},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[25,113035,102570],{}," to change the original set",[14,113038,81605],{},[18,113040,113042],{"className":20,"code":113041,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[25,113043,113044,113060,113076,113080,113094],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113045,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113047,885],{"class":34},[28,113049,39],{"class":38},[28,113051,10270],{"class":93},[28,113053,2756],{"class":97},[28,113055,2759],{"class":93},[28,113057,2762],{"class":97},[28,113059,9087],{"class":93},[28,113061,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113063,899],{"class":34},[28,113065,39],{"class":38},[28,113067,10270],{"class":93},[28,113069,1825],{"class":97},[28,113071,2759],{"class":93},[28,113073,2221],{"class":97},[28,113075,9087],{"class":93},[28,113077,113078],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113079,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,113081,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,113083,381],{"class":34},[28,113085,385],{"class":93},[28,113087,111040],{"class":120},[28,113089,94],{"class":93},[28,113091,4533],{"class":120},[28,113093,101],{"class":93},[28,113095,113096,113098,113100,113102],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,113097,115],{"class":114},[28,113099,94],{"class":93},[28,113101,381],{"class":120},[28,113103,101],{"class":93},[14,113105,336],{},[18,113107,113108],{"className":20,"code":100278,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,113109,113110],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113111,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113113,9057],{"class":93},[28,113115,2756],{"class":97},[28,113117,2759],{"class":93},[28,113119,2762],{"class":97},[28,113121,9087],{"class":93},[14,113123,8273,113124,113126],{},[25,113125,102570],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113128,113129],{},"Fix it like this:",[18,113131,113133],{"className":20,"code":113132,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[25,113134,113135,113151,113167,113171,113189],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113136,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113138,885],{"class":34},[28,113140,39],{"class":38},[28,113142,10270],{"class":93},[28,113144,2756],{"class":97},[28,113146,2759],{"class":93},[28,113148,2762],{"class":97},[28,113150,9087],{"class":93},[28,113152,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113154,899],{"class":34},[28,113156,39],{"class":38},[28,113158,10270],{"class":93},[28,113160,1825],{"class":97},[28,113162,2759],{"class":93},[28,113164,2221],{"class":97},[28,113166,9087],{"class":93},[28,113168,113169],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113170,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,113172,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,113174,885],{"class":34},[28,113176,39],{"class":38},[28,113178,56667],{"class":34},[28,113180,385],{"class":93},[28,113182,111040],{"class":120},[28,113184,94],{"class":93},[28,113186,4533],{"class":120},[28,113188,101],{"class":93},[28,113190,113191,113193,113195,113197],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,113192,115],{"class":114},[28,113194,94],{"class":93},[28,113196,381],{"class":120},[28,113198,101],{"class":93},[1109,113200,113202],{"id":113201},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113204,113205],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[18,113207,113209],{"className":20,"code":113208,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[25,113210,113211,113227,113243,113247],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113212,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113214,885],{"class":34},[28,113216,39],{"class":38},[28,113218,10270],{"class":93},[28,113220,1831],{"class":97},[28,113222,2759],{"class":93},[28,113224,5273],{"class":97},[28,113226,9087],{"class":93},[28,113228,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113230,899],{"class":34},[28,113232,39],{"class":38},[28,113234,10270],{"class":93},[28,113236,1825],{"class":97},[28,113238,2759],{"class":93},[28,113240,2226],{"class":97},[28,113242,9087],{"class":93},[28,113244,113245],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113246,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,113248,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,113250,115],{"class":114},[28,113252,94],{"class":93},[28,113254,381],{"class":120},[28,113256,385],{"class":93},[28,113258,111040],{"class":120},[28,113260,94],{"class":93},[28,113262,4533],{"class":120},[28,113264,318],{"class":93},[14,113266,113267],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1109,113269,113271],{"id":113270},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[18,113273,113275],{"className":20,"code":113274,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[25,113276,113277,113293,113315],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113278,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113280,3840],{"class":34},[28,113282,39],{"class":38},[28,113284,10270],{"class":93},[28,113286,234],{"class":42},[28,113288,57907],{"class":46},[28,113290,234],{"class":42},[28,113292,9087],{"class":93},[28,113294,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113296,1999],{"class":34},[28,113298,39],{"class":38},[28,113300,5945],{"class":34},[28,113302,385],{"class":93},[28,113304,111040],{"class":120},[28,113306,94],{"class":93},[28,113308,234],{"class":42},[28,113310,36838],{"class":46},[28,113312,234],{"class":42},[28,113314,101],{"class":93},[28,113316,113317,113319,113321,113323],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113318,115],{"class":114},[28,113320,94],{"class":93},[28,113322,2033],{"class":120},[28,113324,101],{"class":93},[14,113326,113327,113328,1959,113330,16858,113332,113334,113335,113337],{},"This adds ",[25,113329,66260],{},[25,113331,17883],{},[25,113333,112823],{}," as separate items, not ",[25,113336,112807],{}," as one item.",[14,113339,113340],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[18,113342,113344],{"className":20,"code":113343,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[25,113345,113346,113362,113384],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113347,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113349,3840],{"class":34},[28,113351,39],{"class":38},[28,113353,10270],{"class":93},[28,113355,234],{"class":42},[28,113357,57907],{"class":46},[28,113359,234],{"class":42},[28,113361,9087],{"class":93},[28,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113365,1999],{"class":34},[28,113367,39],{"class":38},[28,113369,5945],{"class":34},[28,113371,385],{"class":93},[28,113373,111040],{"class":120},[28,113375,2753],{"class":93},[28,113377,234],{"class":42},[28,113379,36838],{"class":46},[28,113381,234],{"class":42},[28,113383,3657],{"class":93},[28,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113387,115],{"class":114},[28,113389,94],{"class":93},[28,113391,2033],{"class":120},[28,113393,101],{"class":93},[1109,113395,113397],{"id":113396},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113399,2604],{},[18,113401,113403],{"className":20,"code":113402,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[25,113404,113405],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113406,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113408,15413],{"class":34},[28,113410,39],{"class":38},[28,113412,10270],{"class":93},[28,113414,2756],{"class":97},[28,113416,2759],{"class":93},[28,113418,2762],{"class":97},[28,113420,2759],{"class":93},[28,113422,3388],{"class":93},[28,113424,1831],{"class":97},[28,113426,2759],{"class":93},[28,113428,2226],{"class":97},[28,113430,13491],{"class":93},[14,113432,113433],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113435,113436,113437,271],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[25,113438,102570],{},[18,113440,113442],{"className":20,"code":113441,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[25,113443,113444,113460,113482],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113445,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113447,15413],{"class":34},[28,113449,39],{"class":38},[28,113451,10270],{"class":93},[28,113453,2756],{"class":97},[28,113455,2759],{"class":93},[28,113457,2762],{"class":97},[28,113459,9087],{"class":93},[28,113461,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113463,1999],{"class":34},[28,113465,39],{"class":38},[28,113467,96695],{"class":34},[28,113469,385],{"class":93},[28,113471,111040],{"class":120},[28,113473,2753],{"class":93},[28,113475,1831],{"class":97},[28,113477,2759],{"class":93},[28,113479,2226],{"class":97},[28,113481,3657],{"class":93},[28,113483,113484,113486,113488,113490],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113485,115],{"class":114},[28,113487,94],{"class":93},[28,113489,2033],{"class":120},[28,113491,101],{"class":93},[172,113493,113495],{"id":113494},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113497,113498],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[177,113500,113501,113507,113514,113517],{},[180,113502,113503,113504,113506],{},"call ",[25,113505,102570],{}," without saving the returned set",[180,113508,113509,113510,8482,113512],{},"confuse ",[25,113511,102570],{},[25,113513,14740],{},[180,113515,113516],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[180,113518,113519],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113521,113522,113523,1323,113527,385],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[381,113524,858,113525,1689],{"href":102559},[25,113526,106344],{},[381,113528,858,113530,1689],{"href":113529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[25,113531,100190],{},[14,113533,62074],{},[18,113535,113537],{"className":20,"code":113536,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[25,113538,113539,113549,113563,113573],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113540,113541,113543,113545,113547],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113542,115],{"class":114},[28,113544,94],{"class":93},[28,113546,15451],{"class":120},[28,113548,101],{"class":93},[28,113550,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113552,115],{"class":114},[28,113554,94],{"class":93},[28,113556,311],{"class":89},[28,113558,94],{"class":93},[28,113560,15451],{"class":120},[28,113562,318],{"class":93},[28,113564,113565,113567,113569,113571],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113566,115],{"class":114},[28,113568,94],{"class":93},[28,113570,2033],{"class":120},[28,113572,101],{"class":93},[28,113574,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,113576,31943],{"class":114},[28,113578,94],{"class":93},[28,113580,6063],{"class":89},[28,113582,385],{"class":93},[28,113584,111040],{"class":24538},[28,113586,101],{"class":93},[172,113588,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,113590,12487,113592,102510],{"id":113591},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[25,113593,107814],{},[14,113595,102513],{},[1109,113597,4943,113599,113601],{"id":113598},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[25,113600,102570],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113603,113604],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1109,113606,28118,113608,113610],{"id":113607},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[25,113609,102570],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113612,41943,113613,113615],{},[25,113614,102570],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1109,113617,113619],{"id":113618},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113621,113622],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1109,113624,4953,113626,1323,113628,2262],{"id":113625},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[25,113627,102570],{},[25,113629,113630],{},"|",[14,113632,113633,113634,113636,113637,113639],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[25,113635,113630],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[25,113638,102570],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[172,113641,1662],{"id":1661},[177,113643,113644,113648,113654,113660,113666],{},[180,113645,113646],{},[381,113647,96099],{"href":97270},[180,113649,113650],{},[381,113651,858,113652,1689],{"href":98290},[25,113653,97085],{},[180,113655,113656],{},[381,113657,858,113658,1689],{"href":102559},[25,113659,106344],{},[180,113661,113662],{},[381,113663,858,113664,1689],{"href":113529},[25,113665,100190],{},[180,113667,113668],{},[381,113669,100115],{"href":98848},[1699,113671,113672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":113674},[113675,113676,113678,113679,113680,113681,113683,113689,113694,113701,113702,113713],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":111770,"depth":53,"text":113677},"What set.union() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":21756,"depth":53,"text":21757},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":112257,"depth":53,"text":113682},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112415,"depth":53,"text":113684,"children":113685},"Using union() with other iterables",[113686,113687,113688],{"id":112426,"depth":70,"text":112427},{"id":112546,"depth":70,"text":112547},{"id":112688,"depth":70,"text":112689},{"id":112826,"depth":53,"text":113690,"children":113691},"union() vs update()",[113692,113693],{"id":111040,"depth":70,"text":102570},{"id":30254,"depth":70,"text":14740},{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":113695},[113696,113698,113699,113700],{"id":113033,"depth":70,"text":113697},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113201,"depth":70,"text":113202},{"id":113270,"depth":70,"text":113271},{"id":113396,"depth":70,"text":113397},{"id":113494,"depth":53,"text":113495},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":113703},[113704,113706,113708,113710,113711],{"id":113591,"depth":70,"text":113705},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113598,"depth":70,"text":113707},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113607,"depth":70,"text":113709},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113618,"depth":70,"text":113619},{"id":113625,"depth":70,"text":113712},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111650,"description":113714},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113720,"title":113721,"body":113722,"description":115611,"extension":1730,"meta":115612,"navigation":107,"path":96584,"seo":115613,"stem":115614,"__hash__":115615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113723,"toc":115577},[113724,113729,113734,113742,113744,113802,113807,113812,113816,113828,113831,113905,113910,113912,113914,113933,113935,113952,113955,113982,113984,114054,114058,114060,114066,114068,114129,114134,114136,114193,114197,114202,114267,114269,114289,114296,114300,114305,114390,114393,114400,114503,114507,114512,114570,114573,114584,114598,114605,114663,114670,114673,114683,114687,114745,114749,114815,114818,114876,114883,114890,114893,114897,114906,114975,114979,114985,115073,115083,115087,115091,115095,115098,115159,115164,115221,115225,115227,115262,115269,115271,115325,115332,115336,115339,115404,115413,115419,115476,115478,115483,115487,115491,115494,115501,115509,115513,115518,115522,115528,115530,115565,115574],[10,113725,95971,113727,11102],{"id":113726},"python-set-update-method",[25,113728,14740],{},[14,113730,113731,113733],{},[25,113732,97085],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113735,113736,113737,113741],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[381,113738,113739],{"href":98271},[25,113740,95979],{},", which adds only one item.",[172,113743,3373],{"id":3372},[18,113745,113747],{"className":20,"code":113746,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,113748,113749,113765,113787,113797],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113750,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113752,3383],{"class":34},[28,113754,39],{"class":38},[28,113756,10270],{"class":93},[28,113758,2756],{"class":97},[28,113760,2759],{"class":93},[28,113762,2762],{"class":97},[28,113764,9087],{"class":93},[28,113766,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113768,3415],{"class":34},[28,113770,385],{"class":93},[28,113772,30254],{"class":120},[28,113774,2753],{"class":93},[28,113776,1825],{"class":97},[28,113778,2759],{"class":93},[28,113780,2221],{"class":97},[28,113782,2759],{"class":93},[28,113784,2226],{"class":97},[28,113786,3657],{"class":93},[28,113788,113789,113791,113793,113795],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113790,115],{"class":114},[28,113792,94],{"class":93},[28,113794,3415],{"class":120},[28,113796,101],{"class":93},[28,113798,113799],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,113800,113801],{"class":1006},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113803,1631,113804,113806],{},[25,113805,14740],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[172,113808,3445,113810,3448],{"id":113809},"what-setupdate-does",[25,113811,97085],{},[14,113813,113814,271],{},[25,113815,97085],{},[177,113817,113818,113821,113823,113826],{},[180,113819,113820],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[180,113822,96086],{},[180,113824,113825],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[180,113827,96089],{},[14,113829,113830],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[18,113832,113834],{"className":20,"code":113833,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[25,113835,113836,113860,113886,113890,113900],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113837,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113839,12860],{"class":34},[28,113841,39],{"class":38},[28,113843,10270],{"class":93},[28,113845,234],{"class":42},[28,113847,12877],{"class":46},[28,113849,234],{"class":42},[28,113851,2759],{"class":93},[28,113853,43],{"class":42},[28,113855,12894],{"class":46},[28,113857,234],{"class":42},[28,113859,9087],{"class":93},[28,113861,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,113863,17289],{"class":34},[28,113865,385],{"class":93},[28,113867,30254],{"class":120},[28,113869,2753],{"class":93},[28,113871,234],{"class":42},[28,113873,12894],{"class":46},[28,113875,234],{"class":42},[28,113877,2759],{"class":93},[28,113879,43],{"class":42},[28,113881,17242],{"class":46},[28,113883,234],{"class":42},[28,113885,3657],{"class":93},[28,113887,113888],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,113889,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,113891,113892,113894,113896,113898],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,113893,115],{"class":114},[28,113895,94],{"class":93},[28,113897,17289],{"class":120},[28,113899,101],{"class":93},[28,113901,113902],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,113903,113904],{"class":1006},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113906,260,113907,113909],{},[25,113908,110805],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[172,113911,1927],{"id":1926},[14,113913,6994],{},[18,113915,113917],{"className":20,"code":113916,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[25,113918,113919],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113920,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113922,15451],{"class":34},[28,113924,385],{"class":93},[28,113926,30254],{"class":120},[28,113928,94],{"class":93},[28,113930,3489],{"class":120},[28,113932,101],{"class":93},[14,113934,79982],{},[177,113936,113937,113940,113943,113946,113949],{},[180,113938,113939],{},"A list",[180,113941,113942],{},"A tuple",[180,113944,113945],{},"Another set",[180,113947,113948],{},"A string",[180,113950,113951],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113953,113954],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[18,113956,113958],{"className":20,"code":113957,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[25,113959,113960],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113961,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978,113980],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113963,15451],{"class":34},[28,113965,385],{"class":93},[28,113967,30254],{"class":120},[28,113969,94],{"class":93},[28,113971,381],{"class":120},[28,113973,2759],{"class":93},[28,113975,2329],{"class":120},[28,113977,2759],{"class":93},[28,113979,9460],{"class":120},[28,113981,101],{"class":93},[14,113983,924],{},[18,113985,113987],{"className":20,"code":113986,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[25,113988,113989,114001,114035,114039,114049],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,113990,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,113992,3591],{"class":34},[28,113994,39],{"class":38},[28,113996,10270],{"class":93},[28,113998,2756],{"class":97},[28,114000,9087],{"class":93},[28,114002,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114004,5133],{"class":34},[28,114006,385],{"class":93},[28,114008,30254],{"class":120},[28,114010,2753],{"class":93},[28,114012,1825],{"class":97},[28,114014,2759],{"class":93},[28,114016,2221],{"class":97},[28,114018,17849],{"class":93},[28,114020,9015],{"class":93},[28,114022,2275],{"class":97},[28,114024,2759],{"class":93},[28,114026,4376],{"class":97},[28,114028,9012],{"class":93},[28,114030,10270],{"class":93},[28,114032,80372],{"class":97},[28,114034,30286],{"class":93},[28,114036,114037],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114038,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114040,114041,114043,114045,114047],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114042,115],{"class":114},[28,114044,94],{"class":93},[28,114046,5133],{"class":120},[28,114048,101],{"class":93},[28,114050,114051],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114052,114053],{"class":1006},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114055,96095,114056,385],{},[381,114057,96103],{"href":97654},[172,114059,21757],{"id":21756},[14,114061,114062,2166,114064,385],{},[25,114063,97085],{},[25,114065,3546],{},[14,114067,11496],{},[18,114069,114071],{"className":20,"code":114070,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[25,114072,114073,114089,114111,114115,114125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114074,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114076,3383],{"class":34},[28,114078,39],{"class":38},[28,114080,10270],{"class":93},[28,114082,2756],{"class":97},[28,114084,2759],{"class":93},[28,114086,2762],{"class":97},[28,114088,9087],{"class":93},[28,114090,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114092,1999],{"class":34},[28,114094,39],{"class":38},[28,114096,4034],{"class":34},[28,114098,385],{"class":93},[28,114100,30254],{"class":120},[28,114102,2753],{"class":93},[28,114104,1831],{"class":97},[28,114106,2759],{"class":93},[28,114108,2226],{"class":97},[28,114110,3657],{"class":93},[28,114112,114113],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114114,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114116,114117,114119,114121,114123],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114118,115],{"class":114},[28,114120,94],{"class":93},[28,114122,2033],{"class":120},[28,114124,101],{"class":93},[28,114126,114127],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114128,61610],{"class":1006},[14,114130,114131,114132,385],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[25,114133,2033],{},[14,114135,18756],{},[18,114137,114139],{"className":20,"code":114138,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,114140,114141,114157,114175,114179,114189],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114142,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114144,3383],{"class":34},[28,114146,39],{"class":38},[28,114148,10270],{"class":93},[28,114150,2756],{"class":97},[28,114152,2759],{"class":93},[28,114154,2762],{"class":97},[28,114156,9087],{"class":93},[28,114158,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114160,3415],{"class":34},[28,114162,385],{"class":93},[28,114164,30254],{"class":120},[28,114166,2753],{"class":93},[28,114168,1831],{"class":97},[28,114170,2759],{"class":93},[28,114172,2226],{"class":97},[28,114174,3657],{"class":93},[28,114176,114177],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114178,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114180,114181,114183,114185,114187],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114182,115],{"class":114},[28,114184,94],{"class":93},[28,114186,3415],{"class":120},[28,114188,101],{"class":93},[28,114190,114191],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114192,113801],{"class":1006},[172,114194,114196],{"id":114195},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114198,114199,114200,385],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[25,114201,14740],{},[18,114203,114205],{"className":20,"code":114204,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,114206,114207,114223,114249,114253,114263],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114208,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114210,3383],{"class":34},[28,114212,39],{"class":38},[28,114214,10270],{"class":93},[28,114216,2756],{"class":97},[28,114218,2759],{"class":93},[28,114220,2762],{"class":97},[28,114222,9087],{"class":93},[28,114224,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114226,3415],{"class":34},[28,114228,385],{"class":93},[28,114230,30254],{"class":120},[28,114232,2753],{"class":93},[28,114234,1825],{"class":97},[28,114236,2759],{"class":93},[28,114238,2221],{"class":97},[28,114240,2759],{"class":93},[28,114242,2226],{"class":97},[28,114244,2759],{"class":93},[28,114246,2226],{"class":97},[28,114248,3657],{"class":93},[28,114250,114251],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114252,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114254,114255,114257,114259,114261],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114256,115],{"class":114},[28,114258,94],{"class":93},[28,114260,3415],{"class":120},[28,114262,101],{"class":93},[28,114264,114265],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114266,113801],{"class":1006},[14,114268,11465],{},[177,114270,114271,114276,114283],{},[180,114272,114273,114275],{},[25,114274,1825],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[180,114277,114278,1323,114280,114282],{},[25,114279,1831],{},[25,114281,2275],{}," are added",[180,114284,114285,114286,114288],{},"The second ",[25,114287,2275],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114290,114291,114292,114295],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[381,114293,114294],{"href":98848},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[172,114297,114299],{"id":114298},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114301,7538,114302,114304],{},[25,114303,14740],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[18,114306,114308],{"className":20,"code":114307,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[25,114309,114310,114331,114352,114356,114372,114376,114386],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114311,114312,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327,114329],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114313,114314],{"class":34},"set_a ",[28,114316,39],{"class":38},[28,114318,10270],{"class":93},[28,114320,2756],{"class":97},[28,114322,2759],{"class":93},[28,114324,2762],{"class":97},[28,114326,2759],{"class":93},[28,114328,2221],{"class":97},[28,114330,9087],{"class":93},[28,114332,114333,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114334,114335],{"class":34},"set_b ",[28,114337,39],{"class":38},[28,114339,10270],{"class":93},[28,114341,1831],{"class":97},[28,114343,2759],{"class":93},[28,114345,2226],{"class":97},[28,114347,2759],{"class":93},[28,114349,4376],{"class":97},[28,114351,9087],{"class":93},[28,114353,114354],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114355,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114357,114358,114361,114363,114365,114367,114370],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114359,114360],{"class":34},"set_a",[28,114362,385],{"class":93},[28,114364,30254],{"class":120},[28,114366,94],{"class":93},[28,114368,114369],{"class":120},"set_b",[28,114371,101],{"class":93},[28,114373,114374],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114375,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114377,114378,114380,114382,114384],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,114379,115],{"class":114},[28,114381,94],{"class":93},[28,114383,114360],{"class":120},[28,114385,101],{"class":93},[28,114387,114388],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,114389,111762],{"class":1006},[14,114391,114392],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114394,114395,114396,385],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[381,114397,114398],{"href":102567},[25,114399,107814],{},[18,114401,114403],{"className":20,"code":114402,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[25,114404,114405,114425,114445,114449,114469,114473,114484,114488,114498],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114406,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419,114421,114423],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114408,114314],{"class":34},[28,114410,39],{"class":38},[28,114412,10270],{"class":93},[28,114414,2756],{"class":97},[28,114416,2759],{"class":93},[28,114418,2762],{"class":97},[28,114420,2759],{"class":93},[28,114422,2221],{"class":97},[28,114424,9087],{"class":93},[28,114426,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441,114443],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114428,114335],{"class":34},[28,114430,39],{"class":38},[28,114432,10270],{"class":93},[28,114434,1831],{"class":97},[28,114436,2759],{"class":93},[28,114438,2226],{"class":97},[28,114440,2759],{"class":93},[28,114442,4376],{"class":97},[28,114444,9087],{"class":93},[28,114446,114447],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114448,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114450,114451,114454,114456,114459,114461,114463,114465,114467],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114452,114453],{"class":34},"combined ",[28,114455,39],{"class":38},[28,114457,114458],{"class":34}," set_a",[28,114460,385],{"class":93},[28,114462,111040],{"class":120},[28,114464,94],{"class":93},[28,114466,114369],{"class":120},[28,114468,101],{"class":93},[28,114470,114471],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114472,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114474,114475,114477,114479,114482],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,114476,115],{"class":114},[28,114478,94],{"class":93},[28,114480,114481],{"class":120},"combined",[28,114483,101],{"class":93},[28,114485,114486],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,114487,111762],{"class":1006},[28,114489,114490,114492,114494,114496],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,114491,115],{"class":114},[28,114493,94],{"class":93},[28,114495,114360],{"class":120},[28,114497,101],{"class":93},[28,114499,114500],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,114501,114502],{"class":1006},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[172,114504,114506],{"id":114505},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114508,64518,114509,114511],{},[25,114510,14740],{}," adds each character separately.",[18,114513,114515],{"className":20,"code":114514,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[25,114516,114517,114533,114551,114555,114565],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114518,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529,114531],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114520,35880],{"class":34},[28,114522,39],{"class":38},[28,114524,10270],{"class":93},[28,114526,234],{"class":42},[28,114528,1944],{"class":46},[28,114530,234],{"class":42},[28,114532,9087],{"class":93},[28,114534,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543,114545,114547,114549],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114536,35933],{"class":34},[28,114538,385],{"class":93},[28,114540,30254],{"class":120},[28,114542,94],{"class":93},[28,114544,234],{"class":42},[28,114546,36838],{"class":46},[28,114548,234],{"class":42},[28,114550,101],{"class":93},[28,114552,114553],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114554,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114556,114557,114559,114561,114563],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114558,115],{"class":114},[28,114560,94],{"class":93},[28,114562,35933],{"class":120},[28,114564,101],{"class":93},[28,114566,114567],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114568,114569],{"class":1006},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114571,114572],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114574,114575,13839,114578,114580,114581,114583],{},[25,114576,114577],{},"update(\"cat\")",[163,114579,4402],{}," add ",[25,114582,112807],{}," as one item. It adds:",[177,114585,114586,114590,114594],{},[180,114587,114588],{},[25,114589,66260],{},[180,114591,114592],{},[25,114593,17883],{},[180,114595,114596],{},[25,114597,112823],{},[14,114599,114600,114601,271],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[381,114602,114603],{"href":98271},[25,114604,95979],{},[18,114606,114608],{"className":20,"code":114607,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[25,114609,114610,114626,114644,114648,114658],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114611,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114613,3840],{"class":34},[28,114615,39],{"class":38},[28,114617,10270],{"class":93},[28,114619,234],{"class":42},[28,114621,57907],{"class":46},[28,114623,234],{"class":42},[28,114625,9087],{"class":93},[28,114627,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114629,3884],{"class":34},[28,114631,385],{"class":93},[28,114633,81884],{"class":120},[28,114635,94],{"class":93},[28,114637,234],{"class":42},[28,114639,36838],{"class":46},[28,114641,234],{"class":42},[28,114643,101],{"class":93},[28,114645,114646],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114647,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114649,114650,114652,114654,114656],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114651,115],{"class":114},[28,114653,94],{"class":93},[28,114655,3884],{"class":120},[28,114657,101],{"class":93},[28,114659,114660],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114661,114662],{"class":1006},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[172,114664,114666,10365,114668],{"id":114665},"update-vs-add",[25,114667,14740],{},[25,114669,95974],{},[14,114671,114672],{},"The difference is simple:",[177,114674,114675,114679],{},[180,114676,114677,96573],{},[25,114678,95974],{},[180,114680,114681,96578],{},[25,114682,14740],{},[14,114684,45827,114685,271],{},[25,114686,95974],{},[18,114688,114690],{"className":20,"code":114689,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[25,114691,114692,114708,114726,114730,114740],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114693,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114695,36029],{"class":34},[28,114697,39],{"class":38},[28,114699,10270],{"class":93},[28,114701,234],{"class":42},[28,114703,3849],{"class":46},[28,114705,234],{"class":42},[28,114707,9087],{"class":93},[28,114709,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114711,36081],{"class":34},[28,114713,385],{"class":93},[28,114715,81884],{"class":120},[28,114717,94],{"class":93},[28,114719,234],{"class":42},[28,114721,3858],{"class":46},[28,114723,234],{"class":42},[28,114725,101],{"class":93},[28,114727,114728],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114729,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114731,114732,114734,114736,114738],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114733,115],{"class":114},[28,114735,94],{"class":93},[28,114737,36081],{"class":120},[28,114739,101],{"class":93},[28,114741,114742],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114743,114744],{"class":1006},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114746,45827,114747,271],{},[25,114748,14740],{},[18,114750,114752],{"className":20,"code":114751,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[25,114753,114754,114770,114796,114800,114810],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114755,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114757,36029],{"class":34},[28,114759,39],{"class":38},[28,114761,10270],{"class":93},[28,114763,234],{"class":42},[28,114765,3849],{"class":46},[28,114767,234],{"class":42},[28,114769,9087],{"class":93},[28,114771,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114773,36081],{"class":34},[28,114775,385],{"class":93},[28,114777,30254],{"class":120},[28,114779,2753],{"class":93},[28,114781,234],{"class":42},[28,114783,3858],{"class":46},[28,114785,234],{"class":42},[28,114787,2759],{"class":93},[28,114789,43],{"class":42},[28,114791,33012],{"class":46},[28,114793,234],{"class":42},[28,114795,3657],{"class":93},[28,114797,114798],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114799,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114803,115],{"class":114},[28,114805,94],{"class":93},[28,114807,36081],{"class":120},[28,114809,101],{"class":93},[28,114811,114812],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114813,114814],{"class":1006},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114816,114817],{},"Important warning with strings:",[18,114819,114821],{"className":20,"code":114820,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[25,114822,114823,114839,114857,114861,114871],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114824,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114826,36029],{"class":34},[28,114828,39],{"class":38},[28,114830,10270],{"class":93},[28,114832,234],{"class":42},[28,114834,3849],{"class":46},[28,114836,234],{"class":42},[28,114838,9087],{"class":93},[28,114840,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114842,36081],{"class":34},[28,114844,385],{"class":93},[28,114846,30254],{"class":120},[28,114848,94],{"class":93},[28,114850,234],{"class":42},[28,114852,38133],{"class":46},[28,114854,234],{"class":42},[28,114856,101],{"class":93},[28,114858,114859],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114860,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114862,114863,114865,114867,114869],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114864,115],{"class":114},[28,114866,94],{"class":93},[28,114868,36081],{"class":120},[28,114870,101],{"class":93},[28,114872,114873],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114874,114875],{"class":1006},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114877,61885,114878,61958,114881,6406],{},[25,114879,114880],{},"\"kiwi\"",[25,114882,95974],{},[172,114884,114886,10365,114888],{"id":114885},"update-vs-union",[25,114887,14740],{},[25,114889,102570],{},[14,114891,114892],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1109,114894,114895],{"id":30254},[25,114896,14740],{},[177,114898,114899,114902],{},[180,114900,114901],{},"Changes the existing set",[180,114903,11204,114904],{},[25,114905,3546],{},[18,114907,114909],{"className":20,"code":114908,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[25,114910,114911,114927,114943,114947,114961,114971],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114912,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923,114925],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114914,885],{"class":34},[28,114916,39],{"class":38},[28,114918,10270],{"class":93},[28,114920,2756],{"class":97},[28,114922,2759],{"class":93},[28,114924,2762],{"class":97},[28,114926,9087],{"class":93},[28,114928,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,114930,899],{"class":34},[28,114932,39],{"class":38},[28,114934,10270],{"class":93},[28,114936,1825],{"class":97},[28,114938,2759],{"class":93},[28,114940,2221],{"class":97},[28,114942,9087],{"class":93},[28,114944,114945],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,114946,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,114948,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,114950,381],{"class":34},[28,114952,385],{"class":93},[28,114954,30254],{"class":120},[28,114956,94],{"class":93},[28,114958,4533],{"class":120},[28,114960,101],{"class":93},[28,114962,114963,114965,114967,114969],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,114964,115],{"class":114},[28,114966,94],{"class":93},[28,114968,381],{"class":120},[28,114970,101],{"class":93},[28,114972,114973],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,114974,114502],{"class":1006},[1109,114976,114977],{"id":111040},[25,114978,102570],{},[177,114980,114981,114983],{},[180,114982,101108],{},[180,114984,101111],{},[18,114986,114988],{"className":20,"code":114987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[25,114989,114990,115006,115022,115026,115044,115054,115058,115068],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,114993,885],{"class":34},[28,114995,39],{"class":38},[28,114997,10270],{"class":93},[28,114999,2756],{"class":97},[28,115001,2759],{"class":93},[28,115003,2762],{"class":97},[28,115005,9087],{"class":93},[28,115007,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115009,899],{"class":34},[28,115011,39],{"class":38},[28,115013,10270],{"class":93},[28,115015,1825],{"class":97},[28,115017,2759],{"class":93},[28,115019,2221],{"class":97},[28,115021,9087],{"class":93},[28,115023,115024],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115025,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115027,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115029,82964],{"class":34},[28,115031,39],{"class":38},[28,115033,56667],{"class":34},[28,115035,385],{"class":93},[28,115037,111040],{"class":120},[28,115039,94],{"class":93},[28,115041,4533],{"class":120},[28,115043,101],{"class":93},[28,115045,115046,115048,115050,115052],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115047,115],{"class":114},[28,115049,94],{"class":93},[28,115051,9518],{"class":120},[28,115053,101],{"class":93},[28,115055,115056],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,115057,114502],{"class":1006},[28,115059,115060,115062,115064,115066],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,115061,115],{"class":114},[28,115063,94],{"class":93},[28,115065,381],{"class":120},[28,115067,101],{"class":93},[28,115069,115070],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,115071,115072],{"class":1006},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115074,107456,115075,115077,115078,115082],{},[25,115076,14740],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[381,115079,115080],{"href":102567},[25,115081,102570],{}," when you want a new set.",[172,115084,115086],{"id":115085},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115088,10527,115089,385],{},[25,115090,97085],{},[1109,115092,115094],{"id":115093},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115096,115097],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[18,115099,115101],{"className":20,"code":115100,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[25,115102,115103,115119,115141,115145,115155],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115104,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115106,15413],{"class":34},[28,115108,39],{"class":38},[28,115110,10270],{"class":93},[28,115112,2756],{"class":97},[28,115114,2759],{"class":93},[28,115116,2762],{"class":97},[28,115118,9087],{"class":93},[28,115120,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137,115139],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115122,1999],{"class":34},[28,115124,39],{"class":38},[28,115126,96695],{"class":34},[28,115128,385],{"class":93},[28,115130,30254],{"class":120},[28,115132,2753],{"class":93},[28,115134,1831],{"class":97},[28,115136,2759],{"class":93},[28,115138,2226],{"class":97},[28,115140,3657],{"class":93},[28,115142,115143],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115144,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115146,115147,115149,115151,115153],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115148,115],{"class":114},[28,115150,94],{"class":93},[28,115152,2033],{"class":120},[28,115154,101],{"class":93},[28,115156,115157],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115158,61610],{"class":1006},[14,115160,115161,115162,271],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[25,115163,14740],{},[18,115165,115167],{"className":20,"code":115166,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[25,115168,115169,115185,115203,115207,115217],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115170,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115172,15413],{"class":34},[28,115174,39],{"class":38},[28,115176,10270],{"class":93},[28,115178,2756],{"class":97},[28,115180,2759],{"class":93},[28,115182,2762],{"class":97},[28,115184,9087],{"class":93},[28,115186,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115188,15451],{"class":34},[28,115190,385],{"class":93},[28,115192,30254],{"class":120},[28,115194,2753],{"class":93},[28,115196,1831],{"class":97},[28,115198,2759],{"class":93},[28,115200,2226],{"class":97},[28,115202,3657],{"class":93},[28,115204,115205],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115206,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115208,115209,115211,115213,115215],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115210,115],{"class":114},[28,115212,94],{"class":93},[28,115214,15451],{"class":120},[28,115216,101],{"class":93},[28,115218,115219],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115220,113801],{"class":1006},[1109,115222,115224],{"id":115223},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115226,2604],{},[18,115228,115230],{"className":20,"code":115229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[25,115231,115232,115248],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115233,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115235,15413],{"class":34},[28,115237,39],{"class":38},[28,115239,10270],{"class":93},[28,115241,2756],{"class":97},[28,115243,2759],{"class":93},[28,115245,2762],{"class":97},[28,115247,9087],{"class":93},[28,115249,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115251,15451],{"class":34},[28,115253,385],{"class":93},[28,115255,30254],{"class":120},[28,115257,94],{"class":93},[28,115259,1905],{"class":97},[28,115261,101],{"class":93},[14,115263,62064,115264,1136,115266,115268],{},[25,115265,2775],{},[25,115267,1905],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115270,6329],{},[18,115272,115274],{"className":20,"code":115273,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[25,115275,115276,115292,115306,115310,115320],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115277,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115279,15413],{"class":34},[28,115281,39],{"class":38},[28,115283,10270],{"class":93},[28,115285,2756],{"class":97},[28,115287,2759],{"class":93},[28,115289,2762],{"class":97},[28,115291,9087],{"class":93},[28,115293,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115295,15451],{"class":34},[28,115297,385],{"class":93},[28,115299,30254],{"class":120},[28,115301,2753],{"class":93},[28,115303,1905],{"class":97},[28,115305,3657],{"class":93},[28,115307,115308],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115309,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115311,115312,115314,115316,115318],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115313,115],{"class":114},[28,115315,94],{"class":93},[28,115317,15451],{"class":120},[28,115319,101],{"class":93},[28,115321,115322],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115323,115324],{"class":1006},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115326,45700,115327,385],{},[381,115328,25468,115329],{"href":52379},[25,115330,115331],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1109,115333,115335],{"id":115334},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115337,115338],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[18,115340,115342],{"className":20,"code":115341,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[25,115343,115344,115360,115386,115390,115400],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115345,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115347,15413],{"class":34},[28,115349,39],{"class":38},[28,115351,10270],{"class":93},[28,115353,2756],{"class":97},[28,115355,2759],{"class":93},[28,115357,2762],{"class":97},[28,115359,9087],{"class":93},[28,115361,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115363,15451],{"class":34},[28,115365,385],{"class":93},[28,115367,30254],{"class":120},[28,115369,2753],{"class":93},[28,115371,1825],{"class":97},[28,115373,2759],{"class":93},[28,115375,2762],{"class":97},[28,115377,2759],{"class":93},[28,115379,2762],{"class":97},[28,115381,2759],{"class":93},[28,115383,2221],{"class":97},[28,115385,3657],{"class":93},[28,115387,115388],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115389,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115391,115392,115394,115396,115398],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115393,115],{"class":114},[28,115395,94],{"class":93},[28,115397,15451],{"class":120},[28,115399,101],{"class":93},[28,115401,115402],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115403,114502],{"class":1006},[1109,115405,115407,115408,44418,115410,115412],{"id":115406},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[25,115409,14740],{},[25,115411,95974],{}," is better",[14,115414,115415,115416,115418],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[25,115417,95974],{}," is usually the better choice.",[18,115420,115422],{"className":20,"code":115421,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[25,115423,115424,115440,115458,115462,115472],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115425,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115427,15413],{"class":34},[28,115429,39],{"class":38},[28,115431,10270],{"class":93},[28,115433,234],{"class":42},[28,115435,57907],{"class":46},[28,115437,234],{"class":42},[28,115439,9087],{"class":93},[28,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115443,15451],{"class":34},[28,115445,385],{"class":93},[28,115447,81884],{"class":120},[28,115449,94],{"class":93},[28,115451,234],{"class":42},[28,115453,36838],{"class":46},[28,115455,234],{"class":42},[28,115457,101],{"class":93},[28,115459,115460],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115461,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115463,115464,115466,115468,115470],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115465,115],{"class":114},[28,115467,94],{"class":93},[28,115469,15451],{"class":120},[28,115471,101],{"class":93},[28,115473,115474],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115475,114662],{"class":1006},[172,115477,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,115479,12487,115481,97064],{"id":115480},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[25,115482,97085],{},[14,115484,97067,115485,385],{},[25,115486,3546],{},[1109,115488,28118,115489,32017],{"id":32014},[25,115490,14740],{},[14,115492,115493],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1109,115495,4953,115497,1323,115499,2262],{"id":115496},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[25,115498,95974],{},[25,115500,14740],{},[14,115502,115503,115505,115506,115508],{},[25,115504,95974],{}," adds one item. ",[25,115507,14740],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1109,115510,115512],{"id":115511},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115514,115515,115516,114511],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[25,115517,14740],{},[1109,115519,115521],{"id":115520},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115523,1631,115524,10871,115526,385],{},[25,115525,102570],{},[25,115527,14740],{},[172,115529,1662],{"id":1661},[177,115531,115532,115539,115546,115552,115558],{},[180,115533,115534],{},[381,115535,115536],{"href":98271},[25,115537,115538],{},"Python set add() method",[180,115540,115541],{},[381,115542,115543],{"href":102567},[25,115544,115545],{},"Python set union() method",[180,115547,115548],{},[381,115549,115550],{"href":97654},[25,115551,97109],{},[180,115553,115554],{},[381,115555,115556],{"href":98848},[25,115557,100115],{},[180,115559,115560],{},[381,115561,115562,115564],{"href":52379},[25,115563,115331],{}," fix",[14,115566,115567,115568,115570,115571,115573],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[25,115569,95979],{}," for a single value and ",[25,115572,107814],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1699,115575,115576],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":115578},[115579,115580,115582,115583,115584,115585,115586,115587,115589,115594,115601,115610],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":113809,"depth":53,"text":115581},"What set.update() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":21756,"depth":53,"text":21757},{"id":114195,"depth":53,"text":114196},{"id":114298,"depth":53,"text":114299},{"id":114505,"depth":53,"text":114506},{"id":114665,"depth":53,"text":115588},"update() vs add()",{"id":114885,"depth":53,"text":115590,"children":115591},"update() vs union()",[115592,115593],{"id":30254,"depth":70,"text":14740},{"id":111040,"depth":70,"text":102570},{"id":115085,"depth":53,"text":115086,"children":115595},[115596,115597,115598,115599],{"id":115093,"depth":70,"text":115094},{"id":115223,"depth":70,"text":115224},{"id":115334,"depth":70,"text":115335},{"id":115406,"depth":70,"text":115600},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":115602},[115603,115605,115606,115608,115609],{"id":115480,"depth":70,"text":115604},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32014,"depth":70,"text":32087},{"id":115496,"depth":70,"text":115607},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115511,"depth":70,"text":115512},{"id":115520,"depth":70,"text":115521},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113721,"description":115611},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115617,"title":115618,"body":115619,"description":117385,"extension":1730,"meta":117386,"navigation":107,"path":13575,"seo":117387,"stem":117388,"__hash__":117389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115620,"toc":117360},[115621,115624,115627,115630,115641,115649,115652,115654,115803,115815,115819,115836,115840,115848,115850,115861,115863,115960,115966,115969,116065,116074,116079,116083,116088,116090,116100,116102,116211,116219,116223,116226,116229,116246,116252,116332,116335,116339,116342,116346,116349,116408,116411,116415,116418,116510,116514,116517,116624,116628,116634,116662,116664,116746,116756,116760,116763,116774,116777,116862,116865,116870,116874,116877,116888,116891,117033,117036,117040,117043,117057,117060,117121,117127,117129,117132,117154,117157,117257,117260,117292,117294,117298,117301,117303,117306,117310,117313,117317,117320,117324,117327,117329,117357],[10,115622,115618],{"id":115623},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115625,115626],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115628,115629],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[177,115631,115632,115635,115638],{},[180,115633,115634],{},"a list inside another list",[180,115636,115637],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[180,115639,115640],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115642,100037,115643,1323,115645,115648],{},[163,115644,12634],{},[163,115646,115647],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115650,115651],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[172,115653,1771],{"id":1770},[18,115655,115657],{"className":20,"code":115656,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[25,115658,115659,115666,115670,115696,115716,115736,115740,115758,115762,115775,115789],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115660,115661,115663],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115662,34880],{"class":3644},[28,115664,115665],{"class":34}," copy\n",[28,115667,115668],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115669,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115671,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688,115690,115692,115694],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115673,11868],{"class":34},[28,115675,39],{"class":38},[28,115677,56074],{"class":93},[28,115679,2756],{"class":97},[28,115681,2759],{"class":93},[28,115683,2762],{"class":97},[28,115685,17849],{"class":93},[28,115687,3388],{"class":93},[28,115689,1831],{"class":97},[28,115691,2759],{"class":93},[28,115693,2226],{"class":97},[28,115695,53022],{"class":93},[28,115697,115698,115701,115703,115706,115708,115710,115712,115714],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115699,115700],{"class":34},"shallow ",[28,115702,39],{"class":38},[28,115704,115705],{"class":34}," copy",[28,115707,385],{"class":93},[28,115709,12695],{"class":120},[28,115711,94],{"class":93},[28,115713,11915],{"class":120},[28,115715,101],{"class":93},[28,115717,115718,115721,115723,115725,115727,115730,115732,115734],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115719,115720],{"class":34},"deep ",[28,115722,39],{"class":38},[28,115724,115705],{"class":34},[28,115726,385],{"class":93},[28,115728,115729],{"class":120},"deepcopy",[28,115731,94],{"class":93},[28,115733,11915],{"class":120},[28,115735,101],{"class":93},[28,115737,115738],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,115739,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115741,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,115743,11915],{"class":34},[28,115745,3669],{"class":93},[28,115747,1888],{"class":97},[28,115749,13335],{"class":93},[28,115751,13338],{"class":120},[28,115753,94],{"class":93},[28,115755,56127],{"class":97},[28,115757,101],{"class":93},[28,115759,115760],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,115761,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115763,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,115765,115],{"class":114},[28,115767,94],{"class":93},[28,115769,11915],{"class":120},[28,115771,3428],{"class":93},[28,115773,115774],{"class":1006},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[28,115776,115777,115779,115781,115784,115786],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,115778,115],{"class":114},[28,115780,94],{"class":93},[28,115782,115783],{"class":120},"shallow",[28,115785,3428],{"class":93},[28,115787,115788],{"class":1006},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[28,115790,115791,115793,115795,115798,115800],{"class":30,"line":11376},[28,115792,115],{"class":114},[28,115794,94],{"class":93},[28,115796,115797],{"class":120},"deep",[28,115799,3428],{"class":93},[28,115801,115802],{"class":1006},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115804,1631,115805,115808,115809,1323,115811,115814],{},[25,115806,115807],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[163,115810,12634],{},[25,115812,115813],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[172,115816,115818],{"id":115817},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[177,115820,115821,115824,115827,115830,115833],{},[180,115822,115823],{},"What a copy means in Python",[180,115825,115826],{},"How shallow copy works",[180,115828,115829],{},"How deep copy works",[180,115831,115832],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[180,115834,115835],{},"When to use each approach",[172,115837,115839],{"id":115838},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115841,14973,115842,115844,115845,115847],{},[163,115843,12634],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[163,115846,4402],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115849,1875],{},[177,115851,115852,115855,115858],{},[180,115853,115854],{},"the outer container is new",[180,115856,115857],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[180,115859,115860],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115862,924],{},[18,115864,115866],{"className":20,"code":115865,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[25,115867,115868,115894,115908,115912,115930,115934,115947],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115869,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115871,11868],{"class":34},[28,115873,39],{"class":38},[28,115875,56074],{"class":93},[28,115877,2756],{"class":97},[28,115879,2759],{"class":93},[28,115881,2762],{"class":97},[28,115883,17849],{"class":93},[28,115885,3388],{"class":93},[28,115887,1831],{"class":97},[28,115889,2759],{"class":93},[28,115891,2226],{"class":97},[28,115893,53022],{"class":93},[28,115895,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904,115906],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,115897,14097],{"class":34},[28,115899,39],{"class":38},[28,115901,11943],{"class":34},[28,115903,385],{"class":93},[28,115905,12695],{"class":120},[28,115907,8420],{"class":93},[28,115909,115910],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,115911,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115913,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926,115928],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,115915,14116],{"class":34},[28,115917,385],{"class":93},[28,115919,13338],{"class":120},[28,115921,2753],{"class":93},[28,115923,1905],{"class":97},[28,115925,2759],{"class":93},[28,115927,37435],{"class":97},[28,115929,3657],{"class":93},[28,115931,115932],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,115933,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,115935,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,115937,115],{"class":114},[28,115939,94],{"class":93},[28,115941,11915],{"class":120},[28,115943,3428],{"class":93},[28,115945,115946],{"class":1006},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[28,115948,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,115950,115],{"class":114},[28,115952,94],{"class":93},[28,115954,14116],{"class":120},[28,115956,3428],{"class":93},[28,115958,115959],{"class":1006},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115961,115962,115963,115965],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[25,115964,14116],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115967,115968],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[18,115970,115972],{"className":20,"code":115971,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[25,115973,115974,116000,116014,116018,116036,116040,116052],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,115975,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,115977,11868],{"class":34},[28,115979,39],{"class":38},[28,115981,56074],{"class":93},[28,115983,2756],{"class":97},[28,115985,2759],{"class":93},[28,115987,2762],{"class":97},[28,115989,17849],{"class":93},[28,115991,3388],{"class":93},[28,115993,1831],{"class":97},[28,115995,2759],{"class":93},[28,115997,2226],{"class":97},[28,115999,53022],{"class":93},[28,116001,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116003,14097],{"class":34},[28,116005,39],{"class":38},[28,116007,11943],{"class":34},[28,116009,385],{"class":93},[28,116011,12695],{"class":120},[28,116013,8420],{"class":93},[28,116015,116016],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116017,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116019,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116021,14116],{"class":34},[28,116023,3669],{"class":93},[28,116025,1888],{"class":97},[28,116027,13335],{"class":93},[28,116029,13338],{"class":120},[28,116031,94],{"class":93},[28,116033,56127],{"class":97},[28,116035,101],{"class":93},[28,116037,116038],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116039,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116041,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116043,115],{"class":114},[28,116045,94],{"class":93},[28,116047,11915],{"class":120},[28,116049,3428],{"class":93},[28,116051,115774],{"class":1006},[28,116053,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116055,115],{"class":114},[28,116057,94],{"class":93},[28,116059,14116],{"class":120},[28,116061,3428],{"class":93},[28,116063,116064],{"class":1006},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116066,116067,116068,1323,116070,116073],{},"Both changed because ",[25,116069,56231],{},[25,116071,116072],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116075,116076,116077,385],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[381,116078,43724],{"href":11847},[172,116080,116082],{"id":116081},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116084,14973,116085,116087],{},[163,116086,115647],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116089,1875],{},[177,116091,116092,116094,116097],{},[180,116093,115854],{},[180,116095,116096],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[180,116098,116099],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116101,924],{},[18,116103,116105],{"className":20,"code":116104,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[25,116106,116107,116113,116117,116143,116161,116165,116183,116187,116199],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116108,116109,116111],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116110,34880],{"class":3644},[28,116112,115665],{"class":34},[28,116114,116115],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116116,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116118,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116120,11868],{"class":34},[28,116122,39],{"class":38},[28,116124,56074],{"class":93},[28,116126,2756],{"class":97},[28,116128,2759],{"class":93},[28,116130,2762],{"class":97},[28,116132,17849],{"class":93},[28,116134,3388],{"class":93},[28,116136,1831],{"class":97},[28,116138,2759],{"class":93},[28,116140,2226],{"class":97},[28,116142,53022],{"class":93},[28,116144,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116146,14097],{"class":34},[28,116148,39],{"class":38},[28,116150,115705],{"class":34},[28,116152,385],{"class":93},[28,116154,115729],{"class":120},[28,116156,94],{"class":93},[28,116158,11915],{"class":120},[28,116160,101],{"class":93},[28,116162,116163],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116164,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116166,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116168,14116],{"class":34},[28,116170,3669],{"class":93},[28,116172,1888],{"class":97},[28,116174,13335],{"class":93},[28,116176,13338],{"class":120},[28,116178,94],{"class":93},[28,116180,56127],{"class":97},[28,116182,101],{"class":93},[28,116184,116185],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116186,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116188,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,116190,115],{"class":114},[28,116192,94],{"class":93},[28,116194,11915],{"class":120},[28,116196,3428],{"class":93},[28,116198,115946],{"class":1006},[28,116200,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,116202,115],{"class":114},[28,116204,94],{"class":93},[28,116206,14116],{"class":120},[28,116208,3428],{"class":93},[28,116210,116064],{"class":1006},[14,116212,116213,116214,116216,116217,385],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[25,116215,116072],{}," does not change ",[25,116218,56231],{},[172,116220,116222],{"id":116221},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116224,116225],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116227,116228],{},"Common reasons:",[177,116230,116231,116234,116237,116243],{},[180,116232,116233],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[180,116235,116236],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[180,116238,116239,116240,116242],{},"Assignment with ",[25,116241,39],{}," does not make a copy",[180,116244,116245],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116247,116248,116249,116251],{},"For example, this does ",[163,116250,4402],{}," create a copy:",[18,116253,116255],{"className":20,"code":116254,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,116256,116257,116277,116285,116289,116303,116307,116319],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116260,11868],{"class":34},[28,116262,39],{"class":38},[28,116264,3388],{"class":93},[28,116266,2756],{"class":97},[28,116268,2759],{"class":93},[28,116270,2762],{"class":97},[28,116272,2759],{"class":93},[28,116274,2221],{"class":97},[28,116276,3401],{"class":93},[28,116278,116279,116281,116283],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116280,14097],{"class":34},[28,116282,39],{"class":38},[28,116284,11906],{"class":34},[28,116286,116287],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116288,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116290,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116292,14116],{"class":34},[28,116294,385],{"class":93},[28,116296,13338],{"class":120},[28,116298,94],{"class":93},[28,116300,2275],{"class":97},[28,116302,101],{"class":93},[28,116304,116305],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116306,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116308,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116310,115],{"class":114},[28,116312,94],{"class":93},[28,116314,11915],{"class":120},[28,116316,3428],{"class":93},[28,116318,55481],{"class":1006},[28,116320,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116322,115],{"class":114},[28,116324,94],{"class":93},[28,116326,14116],{"class":120},[28,116328,3428],{"class":93},[28,116330,116331],{"class":1006},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116333,116334],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[172,116336,116338],{"id":116337},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116340,116341],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1109,116343,116345],{"id":116344},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116347,116348],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[18,116350,116352],{"className":20,"code":116351,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[25,116353,116354,116380,116388,116392],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116355,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116357,11868],{"class":34},[28,116359,39],{"class":38},[28,116361,56074],{"class":93},[28,116363,2756],{"class":97},[28,116365,2759],{"class":93},[28,116367,2762],{"class":97},[28,116369,17849],{"class":93},[28,116371,3388],{"class":93},[28,116373,1831],{"class":97},[28,116375,2759],{"class":93},[28,116377,2226],{"class":97},[28,116379,53022],{"class":93},[28,116381,116382,116384,116386],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116383,13888],{"class":34},[28,116385,39],{"class":38},[28,116387,11906],{"class":34},[28,116389,116390],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116391,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116393,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116395,115],{"class":114},[28,116397,94],{"class":93},[28,116399,11868],{"class":120},[28,116401,11976],{"class":3644},[28,116403,13956],{"class":120},[28,116405,3428],{"class":93},[28,116407,3431],{"class":1006},[14,116409,116410],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1109,116412,116414],{"id":116413},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116416,116417],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[18,116419,116421],{"className":20,"code":116420,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[25,116422,116423,116449,116463,116467,116484],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116424,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116426,11868],{"class":34},[28,116428,39],{"class":38},[28,116430,56074],{"class":93},[28,116432,2756],{"class":97},[28,116434,2759],{"class":93},[28,116436,2762],{"class":97},[28,116438,17849],{"class":93},[28,116440,3388],{"class":93},[28,116442,1831],{"class":97},[28,116444,2759],{"class":93},[28,116446,2226],{"class":97},[28,116448,53022],{"class":93},[28,116450,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116452,115700],{"class":34},[28,116454,39],{"class":38},[28,116456,11943],{"class":34},[28,116458,385],{"class":93},[28,116460,12695],{"class":120},[28,116462,8420],{"class":93},[28,116464,116465],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116466,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116468,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116480,116482],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116470,115],{"class":114},[28,116472,94],{"class":93},[28,116474,11868],{"class":120},[28,116476,11976],{"class":3644},[28,116478,116479],{"class":120}," shallow",[28,116481,3428],{"class":93},[28,116483,20988],{"class":1006},[28,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116487,115],{"class":114},[28,116489,94],{"class":93},[28,116491,11915],{"class":120},[28,116493,3669],{"class":93},[28,116495,1888],{"class":97},[28,116497,13058],{"class":93},[28,116499,7872],{"class":3644},[28,116501,116479],{"class":120},[28,116503,3669],{"class":93},[28,116505,1888],{"class":97},[28,116507,20234],{"class":93},[28,116509,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,116511,116513],{"id":116512},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116515,116516],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[18,116518,116520],{"className":20,"code":116519,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[25,116521,116522,116528,116532,116558,116576,116580,116598],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116523,116524,116526],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116525,34880],{"class":3644},[28,116527,115665],{"class":34},[28,116529,116530],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116531,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116533,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116535,11868],{"class":34},[28,116537,39],{"class":38},[28,116539,56074],{"class":93},[28,116541,2756],{"class":97},[28,116543,2759],{"class":93},[28,116545,2762],{"class":97},[28,116547,17849],{"class":93},[28,116549,3388],{"class":93},[28,116551,1831],{"class":97},[28,116553,2759],{"class":93},[28,116555,2226],{"class":97},[28,116557,53022],{"class":93},[28,116559,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116561,115720],{"class":34},[28,116563,39],{"class":38},[28,116565,115705],{"class":34},[28,116567,385],{"class":93},[28,116569,115729],{"class":120},[28,116571,94],{"class":93},[28,116573,11915],{"class":120},[28,116575,101],{"class":93},[28,116577,116578],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116579,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116581,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116593,116595],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116583,115],{"class":114},[28,116585,94],{"class":93},[28,116587,11868],{"class":120},[28,116589,11976],{"class":3644},[28,116591,116592],{"class":120}," deep",[28,116594,3428],{"class":93},[28,116596,116597],{"class":1006},"         # False\n",[28,116599,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620,116622],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116601,115],{"class":114},[28,116603,94],{"class":93},[28,116605,11915],{"class":120},[28,116607,3669],{"class":93},[28,116609,1888],{"class":97},[28,116611,13058],{"class":93},[28,116613,7872],{"class":3644},[28,116615,116592],{"class":120},[28,116617,3669],{"class":93},[28,116619,1888],{"class":97},[28,116621,20234],{"class":93},[28,116623,43660],{"class":1006},[172,116625,116627],{"id":116626},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116629,116630,116631,271],{},"These all make ",[163,116632,116633],{},"shallow copies",[177,116635,116636,116640,116644,116649,116655],{},[180,116637,116638],{},[25,116639,55381],{},[180,116641,116642],{},[25,116643,12217],{},[180,116645,116646],{},[25,116647,116648],{},"set.copy()",[180,116650,116651,116652],{},"list slicing like ",[25,116653,116654],{},"my_list[:]",[180,116656,116657,116659,116660,34870],{},[25,116658,115807],{}," from the ",[25,116661,12695],{},[14,116663,1894],{},[18,116665,116667],{"className":20,"code":116666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[25,116668,116669,116689,116693,116707,116718,116722,116734],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116672,3383],{"class":34},[28,116674,39],{"class":38},[28,116676,3388],{"class":93},[28,116678,2756],{"class":97},[28,116680,2759],{"class":93},[28,116682,2762],{"class":97},[28,116684,2759],{"class":93},[28,116686,2221],{"class":97},[28,116688,3401],{"class":93},[28,116690,116691],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116692,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116694,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116696,885],{"class":34},[28,116698,39],{"class":38},[28,116700,4034],{"class":34},[28,116702,385],{"class":93},[28,116704,12695],{"class":120},[28,116706,8420],{"class":93},[28,116708,116709,116711,116713,116715],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116710,899],{"class":34},[28,116712,39],{"class":38},[28,116714,4034],{"class":34},[28,116716,116717],{"class":93},"[:]\n",[28,116719,116720],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116721,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116723,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116725,115],{"class":114},[28,116727,94],{"class":93},[28,116729,381],{"class":120},[28,116731,3428],{"class":93},[28,116733,54712],{"class":1006},[28,116735,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116737,115],{"class":114},[28,116739,94],{"class":93},[28,116741,4533],{"class":120},[28,116743,3428],{"class":93},[28,116745,54712],{"class":1006},[14,116747,72919,116748,47316,116752,385],{},[381,116749,116750,1689],{"href":54740},[25,116751,55381],{},[381,116753,116754,1689],{"href":12214},[25,116755,12217],{},[172,116757,116759],{"id":116758},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116761,116762],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[177,116764,116765,116768,116771],{},[180,116766,116767],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[180,116769,116770],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[180,116772,116773],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116775,116776],{},"Example with a flat list:",[18,116778,116780],{"className":20,"code":116779,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[25,116781,116782,116802,116816,116820,116834,116838,116850],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116783,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116785,11868],{"class":34},[28,116787,39],{"class":38},[28,116789,3388],{"class":93},[28,116791,2756],{"class":97},[28,116793,2759],{"class":93},[28,116795,2762],{"class":97},[28,116797,2759],{"class":93},[28,116799,2221],{"class":97},[28,116801,3401],{"class":93},[28,116803,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812,116814],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116805,14097],{"class":34},[28,116807,39],{"class":38},[28,116809,11943],{"class":34},[28,116811,385],{"class":93},[28,116813,12695],{"class":120},[28,116815,8420],{"class":93},[28,116817,116818],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116819,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116823,14116],{"class":34},[28,116825,385],{"class":93},[28,116827,13338],{"class":120},[28,116829,94],{"class":93},[28,116831,2275],{"class":97},[28,116833,101],{"class":93},[28,116835,116836],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116837,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116839,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116841,115],{"class":114},[28,116843,94],{"class":93},[28,116845,11915],{"class":120},[28,116847,3428],{"class":93},[28,116849,54712],{"class":1006},[28,116851,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116853,115],{"class":114},[28,116855,94],{"class":93},[28,116857,14116],{"class":120},[28,116859,3428],{"class":93},[28,116861,116331],{"class":1006},[14,116863,116864],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116866,116867,116868,385],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[381,116869,14674],{"href":56999},[172,116871,116873],{"id":116872},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116875,116876],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[177,116878,116879,116882,116885],{},[180,116880,116881],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[180,116883,116884],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[180,116886,116887],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116889,116890],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[18,116892,116894],{"className":20,"code":116893,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[25,116895,116896,116902,116906,116932,116946,116964,116968,116990,116994,117007,117020],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,116897,116898,116900],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,116899,34880],{"class":3644},[28,116901,115665],{"class":34},[28,116903,116904],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,116905,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116907,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,116909,11868],{"class":34},[28,116911,39],{"class":38},[28,116913,10270],{"class":93},[28,116915,234],{"class":42},[28,116917,16174],{"class":46},[28,116919,234],{"class":42},[28,116921,271],{"class":93},[28,116923,3388],{"class":93},[28,116925,2099],{"class":97},[28,116927,2759],{"class":93},[28,116929,7566],{"class":97},[28,116931,13491],{"class":93},[28,116933,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,116935,115700],{"class":34},[28,116937,39],{"class":38},[28,116939,11943],{"class":34},[28,116941,385],{"class":93},[28,116943,12695],{"class":120},[28,116945,8420],{"class":93},[28,116947,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,116949,115720],{"class":34},[28,116951,39],{"class":38},[28,116953,115705],{"class":34},[28,116955,385],{"class":93},[28,116957,115729],{"class":120},[28,116959,94],{"class":93},[28,116961,11915],{"class":120},[28,116963,101],{"class":93},[28,116965,116966],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,116967,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116969,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,116971,11915],{"class":34},[28,116973,3669],{"class":93},[28,116975,234],{"class":42},[28,116977,16174],{"class":46},[28,116979,234],{"class":42},[28,116981,13335],{"class":93},[28,116983,13338],{"class":120},[28,116985,94],{"class":93},[28,116987,36632],{"class":97},[28,116989,101],{"class":93},[28,116991,116992],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,116993,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,116995,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,116997,115],{"class":114},[28,116999,94],{"class":93},[28,117001,11915],{"class":120},[28,117003,3428],{"class":93},[28,117005,117006],{"class":1006},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[28,117008,117009,117011,117013,117015,117017],{"class":30,"line":6211},[28,117010,115],{"class":114},[28,117012,94],{"class":93},[28,117014,115783],{"class":120},[28,117016,3428],{"class":93},[28,117018,117019],{"class":1006},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[28,117021,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030],{"class":30,"line":11376},[28,117023,115],{"class":114},[28,117025,94],{"class":93},[28,117027,115797],{"class":120},[28,117029,3428],{"class":93},[28,117031,117032],{"class":1006},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117034,117035],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[172,117037,117039],{"id":117038},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117041,117042],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[177,117044,117045,117048,117051,117054],{},[180,117046,117047],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[180,117049,117050],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[180,117052,117053],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[180,117055,117056],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117058,117059],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[18,117061,117063],{"className":20,"code":117062,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[25,117064,117065,117073,117081,117085,117093,117097,117109],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117066,117067,117069,117071],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117068,885],{"class":34},[28,117070,39],{"class":38},[28,117072,1470],{"class":97},[28,117074,117075,117077,117079],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117076,899],{"class":34},[28,117078,39],{"class":38},[28,117080,35965],{"class":34},[28,117082,117083],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,117084,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,117086,117087,117089,117091],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,117088,899],{"class":34},[28,117090,39],{"class":38},[28,117092,14400],{"class":97},[28,117094,117095],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,117096,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,117098,117099,117101,117103,117105,117107],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,117100,115],{"class":114},[28,117102,94],{"class":93},[28,117104,381],{"class":120},[28,117106,3428],{"class":93},[28,117108,26584],{"class":1006},[28,117110,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,117112,115],{"class":114},[28,117114,94],{"class":93},[28,117116,4533],{"class":120},[28,117118,3428],{"class":93},[28,117120,27405],{"class":1006},[14,117122,93279,117123,117126],{},[381,117124,117125],{"href":11847},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[172,117128,1104],{"id":1103},[14,117130,117131],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[177,117133,117134,117138,117143,117148,117151],{},[180,117135,8194,117136,56563],{},[25,117137,39],{},[180,117139,8194,117140,117142],{},[25,117141,55381],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[180,117144,8194,117145,117147],{},[25,117146,12217],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[180,117149,117150],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[180,117152,117153],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117155,117156],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[18,117158,117160],{"className":20,"code":117159,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[25,117161,117162,117176,117190,117212,117243],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117163,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172,117174],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117165,115],{"class":114},[28,117167,94],{"class":93},[28,117169,11868],{"class":120},[28,117171,11976],{"class":3644},[28,117173,14170],{"class":120},[28,117175,101],{"class":93},[28,117177,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117179,115],{"class":114},[28,117181,94],{"class":93},[28,117183,11868],{"class":120},[28,117185,4460],{"class":38},[28,117187,14170],{"class":120},[28,117189,101],{"class":93},[28,117191,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208,117210],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,117193,115],{"class":114},[28,117195,94],{"class":93},[28,117197,12432],{"class":114},[28,117199,94],{"class":93},[28,117201,11915],{"class":120},[28,117203,9012],{"class":93},[28,117205,14602],{"class":114},[28,117207,94],{"class":93},[28,117209,14116],{"class":120},[28,117211,318],{"class":93},[28,117213,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239,117241],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,117215,115],{"class":114},[28,117217,94],{"class":93},[28,117219,12432],{"class":114},[28,117221,94],{"class":93},[28,117223,11915],{"class":120},[28,117225,3669],{"class":93},[28,117227,1888],{"class":97},[28,117229,117230],{"class":93},"]),",[28,117232,14602],{"class":114},[28,117234,94],{"class":93},[28,117236,14116],{"class":120},[28,117238,3669],{"class":93},[28,117240,1888],{"class":97},[28,117242,2769],{"class":93},[28,117244,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,117246,115],{"class":114},[28,117248,94],{"class":93},[28,117250,311],{"class":89},[28,117252,94],{"class":93},[28,117254,11915],{"class":120},[28,117256,318],{"class":93},[14,117258,117259],{},"What they tell you:",[177,117261,117262,117267,117272,117277,117287],{},[180,117263,117264,117266],{},[25,117265,11976],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[180,117268,117269,117271],{},[25,117270,4460],{}," checks whether values are equal",[180,117273,117274,117276],{},[25,117275,43276],{}," shows the identity of an object",[180,117278,117279,117280,1323,117283,117286],{},"comparing ",[25,117281,117282],{},"id(original[0])",[25,117284,117285],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[180,117288,117289,117291],{},[25,117290,270],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[172,117293,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,117295,117297],{"id":117296},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117299,117300],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1109,117302,57049],{"id":56964},[14,117304,117305],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1109,117307,117309],{"id":117308},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117311,117312],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1109,117314,117316],{"id":117315},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117318,117319],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1109,117321,117323],{"id":117322},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117325,117326],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[172,117328,1662],{"id":1661},[177,117330,117331,117336,117342,117348,117352],{},[180,117332,117333],{},[381,117334,117335],{"href":11847},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[180,117337,117338],{},[381,117339,858,117340,1689],{"href":54740},[25,117341,55381],{},[180,117343,117344],{},[381,117345,858,117346,1689],{"href":12214},[25,117347,12217],{},[180,117349,117350],{},[381,117351,14751],{"href":56999},[180,117353,117354],{},[381,117355,117356],{"href":58274},"What is a list in Python?",[1699,117358,117359],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":117361},[117362,117363,117364,117365,117366,117367,117372,117373,117374,117375,117376,117377,117384],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":115817,"depth":53,"text":115818},{"id":115838,"depth":53,"text":115839},{"id":116081,"depth":53,"text":116082},{"id":116221,"depth":53,"text":116222},{"id":116337,"depth":53,"text":116338,"children":117368},[117369,117370,117371],{"id":116344,"depth":70,"text":116345},{"id":116413,"depth":70,"text":116414},{"id":116512,"depth":70,"text":116513},{"id":116626,"depth":53,"text":116627},{"id":116758,"depth":53,"text":116759},{"id":116872,"depth":53,"text":116873},{"id":117038,"depth":53,"text":117039},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":117378},[117379,117380,117381,117382,117383],{"id":117296,"depth":70,"text":117297},{"id":56964,"depth":70,"text":57049},{"id":117308,"depth":70,"text":117309},{"id":117315,"depth":70,"text":117316},{"id":117322,"depth":70,"text":117323},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115618,"description":117385},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117391,"title":117392,"body":117393,"description":119250,"extension":1730,"meta":119251,"navigation":107,"path":119252,"seo":119253,"stem":119254,"__hash__":119255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117394,"toc":119208},[117395,117400,117405,117413,117415,117483,117488,117493,117508,117511,117513,117544,117546,117566,117569,117584,117586,117589,117662,117664,117709,117711,117722,117727,117731,117736,117739,117778,117780,117800,117803,117860,117862,117897,117900,117939,117941,117961,117964,117995,117997,118053,118055,118060,118131,118133,118166,118171,118176,118241,118243,118280,118283,118360,118362,118422,118429,118434,118437,118440,118521,118523,118564,118569,118572,118650,118652,118685,118694,118701,118704,118715,118718,118729,118733,118741,118750,118754,118759,118763,118768,118811,118814,118820,118823,118825,118872,118877,118881,118884,118933,118935,118956,118959,118961,118986,118989,119110,119115,119117,119122,119125,119130,119133,119141,119146,119153,119156,119164,119167,119169,119205],[10,117396,858,117398,3344],{"id":117397},"python-sorted-function-explained",[25,117399,74203],{},[14,117401,117402,117404],{},[25,117403,74203],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117406,117407,117408,1959,117410,117412],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[25,117409,77646],{},[25,117411,74203],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[172,117414,3373],{"id":3372},[18,117416,117418],{"className":20,"code":117417,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[25,117419,117420,117440,117454,117458,117470],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117421,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117438],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117423,3383],{"class":34},[28,117425,39],{"class":38},[28,117427,3388],{"class":93},[28,117429,1831],{"class":97},[28,117431,2759],{"class":93},[28,117433,5273],{"class":97},[28,117435,2759],{"class":93},[28,117437,2762],{"class":97},[28,117439,3401],{"class":93},[28,117441,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117443,1999],{"class":34},[28,117445,39],{"class":38},[28,117447,74337],{"class":114},[28,117449,94],{"class":93},[28,117451,3415],{"class":120},[28,117453,101],{"class":93},[28,117455,117456],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,117457,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,117459,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,117461,115],{"class":114},[28,117463,94],{"class":93},[28,117465,2033],{"class":120},[28,117467,3428],{"class":93},[28,117469,55468],{"class":1006},[28,117471,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,117473,115],{"class":114},[28,117475,94],{"class":93},[28,117477,3415],{"class":120},[28,117479,3428],{"class":93},[28,117481,117482],{"class":1006},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117484,117485,117487],{},[25,117486,74203],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[172,117489,3445,117491,3448],{"id":117490},"what-sorted-does",[25,117492,74203],{},[177,117494,117495,117499,117502,117505],{},[180,117496,117497,62705],{},[25,117498,74203],{},[180,117500,117501],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[180,117503,117504],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[180,117506,117507],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117509,117510],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[172,117512,1927],{"id":1926},[18,117514,117516],{"className":20,"code":117515,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[25,117517,117518],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117519,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540,117542],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117521,74293],{"class":114},[28,117523,94],{"class":93},[28,117525,3489],{"class":120},[28,117527,2759],{"class":93},[28,117529,21367],{"class":8954},[28,117531,39],{"class":38},[28,117533,3546],{"class":776},[28,117535,2759],{"class":93},[28,117537,77849],{"class":8954},[28,117539,39],{"class":38},[28,117541,3441],{"class":776},[28,117543,101],{"class":93},[1109,117545,17181],{"id":17180},[177,117547,117548,117553,117558],{},[180,117549,117550,117552],{},[25,117551,3489],{},": the values to sort",[180,117554,117555,117557],{},[25,117556,14627],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[180,117559,117560,117562,117563,117565],{},[25,117561,73356],{},": set to ",[25,117564,777],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117567,117568],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[18,117570,117572],{"className":20,"code":117571,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"sorted(my_values)\n",[25,117573,117574],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117575,117576,117578,117580,117582],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117577,74293],{"class":114},[28,117579,94],{"class":93},[28,117581,60088],{"class":120},[28,117583,101],{"class":93},[172,117585,11256],{"id":11255},[14,117587,117588],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[18,117590,117592],{"className":20,"code":117591,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,117593,117594,117618,117622,117637,117641,117652],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117595,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117597,3383],{"class":34},[28,117599,39],{"class":38},[28,117601,3388],{"class":93},[28,117603,1905],{"class":97},[28,117605,2759],{"class":93},[28,117607,2762],{"class":97},[28,117609,2759],{"class":93},[28,117611,6136],{"class":97},[28,117613,2759],{"class":93},[28,117615,5273],{"class":97},[28,117617,3401],{"class":93},[28,117619,117620],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117621,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,117623,117624,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,117625,117626],{"class":34},"sorted_numbers ",[28,117628,39],{"class":38},[28,117630,74337],{"class":114},[28,117632,94],{"class":93},[28,117634,3415],{"class":120},[28,117636,101],{"class":93},[28,117638,117639],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,117640,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,117642,117643,117645,117647,117650],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,117644,115],{"class":114},[28,117646,94],{"class":93},[28,117648,117649],{"class":120},"sorted_numbers",[28,117651,101],{"class":93},[28,117653,117654,117656,117658,117660],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,117655,115],{"class":114},[28,117657,94],{"class":93},[28,117659,3415],{"class":120},[28,117661,101],{"class":93},[14,117663,336],{},[18,117665,117667],{"className":20,"code":117666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[25,117668,117669,117689],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117670,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685,117687],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117672,3669],{"class":93},[28,117674,2756],{"class":97},[28,117676,2759],{"class":93},[28,117678,2762],{"class":97},[28,117680,2759],{"class":93},[28,117682,4376],{"class":97},[28,117684,2759],{"class":93},[28,117686,6136],{"class":97},[28,117688,3401],{"class":93},[28,117690,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117692,3669],{"class":93},[28,117694,1905],{"class":97},[28,117696,2759],{"class":93},[28,117698,2762],{"class":97},[28,117700,2759],{"class":93},[28,117702,6136],{"class":97},[28,117704,2759],{"class":93},[28,117706,5273],{"class":97},[28,117708,3401],{"class":93},[14,117710,13548],{},[177,117712,117713,117718],{},[180,117714,117715,117717],{},[25,117716,117649],{}," is a new sorted list",[180,117719,117720,112254],{},[25,117721,3415],{},[14,117723,117724,117725,385],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[381,117726,78156],{"href":78155},[172,117728,117730],{"id":117729},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117732,117733,117735],{},[25,117734,74203],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1109,117737,117738],{"id":7869},"List",[18,117740,117742],{"className":20,"code":117741,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[25,117743,117744,117764],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117745,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117747,3383],{"class":34},[28,117749,39],{"class":38},[28,117751,3388],{"class":93},[28,117753,1831],{"class":97},[28,117755,2759],{"class":93},[28,117757,5273],{"class":97},[28,117759,2759],{"class":93},[28,117761,2762],{"class":97},[28,117763,3401],{"class":93},[28,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117767,115],{"class":114},[28,117769,94],{"class":93},[28,117771,74293],{"class":114},[28,117773,94],{"class":93},[28,117775,3415],{"class":120},[28,117777,318],{"class":93},[14,117779,336],{},[18,117781,117782],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,117783,117784],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117785,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117787,3669],{"class":93},[28,117789,2756],{"class":97},[28,117791,2759],{"class":93},[28,117793,2762],{"class":97},[28,117795,2759],{"class":93},[28,117797,2221],{"class":97},[28,117799,3401],{"class":93},[1109,117801,117802],{"id":48734},"Tuple",[18,117804,117806],{"className":20,"code":117805,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[25,117807,117808,117828,117842],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117809,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117811,3591],{"class":34},[28,117813,39],{"class":38},[28,117815,9015],{"class":93},[28,117817,1831],{"class":97},[28,117819,2759],{"class":93},[28,117821,5273],{"class":97},[28,117823,2759],{"class":93},[28,117825,2762],{"class":97},[28,117827,101],{"class":93},[28,117829,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117831,115],{"class":114},[28,117833,94],{"class":93},[28,117835,74293],{"class":114},[28,117837,94],{"class":93},[28,117839,5133],{"class":120},[28,117841,318],{"class":93},[28,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,117845,115],{"class":114},[28,117847,94],{"class":93},[28,117849,311],{"class":89},[28,117851,94],{"class":93},[28,117853,74293],{"class":114},[28,117855,94],{"class":93},[28,117857,5133],{"class":120},[28,117859,2679],{"class":93},[14,117861,336],{},[18,117863,117865],{"className":20,"code":117864,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[25,117866,117867,117883],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117868,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117870,3669],{"class":93},[28,117872,2756],{"class":97},[28,117874,2759],{"class":93},[28,117876,2762],{"class":97},[28,117878,2759],{"class":93},[28,117880,2221],{"class":97},[28,117882,3401],{"class":93},[28,117884,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117886,346],{"class":38},[28,117888,350],{"class":349},[28,117890,61],{"class":42},[28,117892,7869],{"class":46},[28,117894,358],{"class":42},[28,117896,361],{"class":38},[1109,117898,117899],{"id":6063},"Set",[18,117901,117903],{"className":20,"code":117902,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[25,117904,117905,117925],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117906,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117908,3591],{"class":34},[28,117910,39],{"class":38},[28,117912,10270],{"class":93},[28,117914,1831],{"class":97},[28,117916,2759],{"class":93},[28,117918,5273],{"class":97},[28,117920,2759],{"class":93},[28,117922,2762],{"class":97},[28,117924,9087],{"class":93},[28,117926,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117928,115],{"class":114},[28,117930,94],{"class":93},[28,117932,74293],{"class":114},[28,117934,94],{"class":93},[28,117936,5133],{"class":120},[28,117938,318],{"class":93},[14,117940,336],{},[18,117942,117943],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,117944,117945],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117946,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117948,3669],{"class":93},[28,117950,2756],{"class":97},[28,117952,2759],{"class":93},[28,117954,2762],{"class":97},[28,117956,2759],{"class":93},[28,117958,2221],{"class":97},[28,117960,3401],{"class":93},[1109,117962,117963],{"id":60953},"String",[18,117965,117967],{"className":20,"code":117966,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[25,117968,117969,117981],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,117970,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,117972,84],{"class":34},[28,117974,39],{"class":38},[28,117976,43],{"class":42},[28,117978,22],{"class":46},[28,117980,50],{"class":42},[28,117982,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,117984,115],{"class":114},[28,117986,94],{"class":93},[28,117988,74293],{"class":114},[28,117990,94],{"class":93},[28,117992,157],{"class":120},[28,117994,318],{"class":93},[14,117996,336],{},[18,117998,117999],{"className":20,"code":79173,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,118000,118001],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118002,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118004,3669],{"class":93},[28,118006,358],{"class":42},[28,118008,60219],{"class":46},[28,118010,358],{"class":42},[28,118012,2759],{"class":93},[28,118014,61],{"class":42},[28,118016,75809],{"class":46},[28,118018,358],{"class":42},[28,118020,2759],{"class":93},[28,118022,61],{"class":42},[28,118024,60254],{"class":46},[28,118026,358],{"class":42},[28,118028,2759],{"class":93},[28,118030,61],{"class":42},[28,118032,14],{"class":46},[28,118034,358],{"class":42},[28,118036,2759],{"class":93},[28,118038,61],{"class":42},[28,118040,63066],{"class":46},[28,118042,358],{"class":42},[28,118044,2759],{"class":93},[28,118046,61],{"class":42},[28,118048,11527],{"class":46},[28,118050,358],{"class":42},[28,118052,3401],{"class":93},[1109,118054,29013],{"id":15389},[14,118056,63319,118057,118059],{},[25,118058,74203],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[18,118061,118063],{"className":20,"code":118062,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[25,118064,118065,118117],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118066,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118068,12989],{"class":34},[28,118070,39],{"class":38},[28,118072,10270],{"class":93},[28,118074,234],{"class":42},[28,118076,121],{"class":46},[28,118078,234],{"class":42},[28,118080,271],{"class":93},[28,118082,43],{"class":42},[28,118084,12664],{"class":46},[28,118086,234],{"class":42},[28,118088,2759],{"class":93},[28,118090,43],{"class":42},[28,118092,835],{"class":46},[28,118094,234],{"class":42},[28,118096,271],{"class":93},[28,118098,7566],{"class":97},[28,118100,2759],{"class":93},[28,118102,43],{"class":42},[28,118104,10188],{"class":46},[28,118106,234],{"class":42},[28,118108,271],{"class":93},[28,118110,43],{"class":42},[28,118112,15816],{"class":46},[28,118114,234],{"class":42},[28,118116,9087],{"class":93},[28,118118,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118120,115],{"class":114},[28,118122,94],{"class":93},[28,118124,74293],{"class":114},[28,118126,94],{"class":93},[28,118128,17093],{"class":120},[28,118130,318],{"class":93},[14,118132,336],{},[18,118134,118136],{"className":20,"code":118135,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[25,118137,118138],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118139,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118141,3669],{"class":93},[28,118143,358],{"class":42},[28,118145,835],{"class":46},[28,118147,358],{"class":42},[28,118149,2759],{"class":93},[28,118151,61],{"class":42},[28,118153,10188],{"class":46},[28,118155,358],{"class":42},[28,118157,2759],{"class":93},[28,118159,61],{"class":42},[28,118161,121],{"class":46},[28,118163,358],{"class":42},[28,118165,3401],{"class":93},[172,118167,8194,118169],{"id":118168},"using-reversetrue",[25,118170,77870],{},[14,118172,1631,118173,118175],{},[25,118174,77870],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[18,118177,118179],{"className":20,"code":118178,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[25,118180,118181,118201,118205,118219],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118182,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118184,3383],{"class":34},[28,118186,39],{"class":38},[28,118188,3388],{"class":93},[28,118190,1831],{"class":97},[28,118192,2759],{"class":93},[28,118194,5273],{"class":97},[28,118196,2759],{"class":93},[28,118198,2762],{"class":97},[28,118200,3401],{"class":93},[28,118202,118203],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118204,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,118206,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,118208,115],{"class":114},[28,118210,94],{"class":93},[28,118212,74293],{"class":114},[28,118214,94],{"class":93},[28,118216,3415],{"class":120},[28,118218,318],{"class":93},[28,118220,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,118222,115],{"class":114},[28,118224,94],{"class":93},[28,118226,74293],{"class":114},[28,118228,94],{"class":93},[28,118230,3415],{"class":120},[28,118232,2759],{"class":93},[28,118234,77849],{"class":8954},[28,118236,39],{"class":38},[28,118238,777],{"class":776},[28,118240,318],{"class":93},[14,118242,336],{},[18,118244,118246],{"className":20,"code":118245,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[25,118247,118248,118264],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118249,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118251,3669],{"class":93},[28,118253,2756],{"class":97},[28,118255,2759],{"class":93},[28,118257,2762],{"class":97},[28,118259,2759],{"class":93},[28,118261,2221],{"class":97},[28,118263,3401],{"class":93},[28,118265,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118267,3669],{"class":93},[28,118269,1831],{"class":97},[28,118271,2759],{"class":93},[28,118273,2762],{"class":97},[28,118275,2759],{"class":93},[28,118277,5273],{"class":97},[28,118279,3401],{"class":93},[14,118281,118282],{},"This also works with strings:",[18,118284,118286],{"className":20,"code":118285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[25,118287,118288,118320,118324,118338],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118289,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118291,3840],{"class":34},[28,118293,39],{"class":38},[28,118295,3388],{"class":93},[28,118297,234],{"class":42},[28,118299,3849],{"class":46},[28,118301,234],{"class":42},[28,118303,2759],{"class":93},[28,118305,43],{"class":42},[28,118307,3858],{"class":46},[28,118309,234],{"class":42},[28,118311,2759],{"class":93},[28,118313,43],{"class":42},[28,118315,3867],{"class":46},[28,118317,234],{"class":42},[28,118319,3401],{"class":93},[28,118321,118322],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118323,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,118325,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,118327,115],{"class":114},[28,118329,94],{"class":93},[28,118331,74293],{"class":114},[28,118333,94],{"class":93},[28,118335,3884],{"class":120},[28,118337,318],{"class":93},[28,118339,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,118341,115],{"class":114},[28,118343,94],{"class":93},[28,118345,74293],{"class":114},[28,118347,94],{"class":93},[28,118349,3884],{"class":120},[28,118351,2759],{"class":93},[28,118353,77849],{"class":8954},[28,118355,39],{"class":38},[28,118357,777],{"class":776},[28,118359,318],{"class":93},[14,118361,336],{},[18,118363,118364],{"className":20,"code":73937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,118365,118366,118394],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118369,3669],{"class":93},[28,118371,358],{"class":42},[28,118373,3849],{"class":46},[28,118375,358],{"class":42},[28,118377,2759],{"class":93},[28,118379,61],{"class":42},[28,118381,3858],{"class":46},[28,118383,358],{"class":42},[28,118385,2759],{"class":93},[28,118387,61],{"class":42},[28,118389,3867],{"class":46},[28,118391,358],{"class":42},[28,118393,3401],{"class":93},[28,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118397,3669],{"class":93},[28,118399,358],{"class":42},[28,118401,3867],{"class":46},[28,118403,358],{"class":42},[28,118405,2759],{"class":93},[28,118407,61],{"class":42},[28,118409,3858],{"class":46},[28,118411,358],{"class":42},[28,118413,2759],{"class":93},[28,118415,61],{"class":42},[28,118417,3849],{"class":46},[28,118419,358],{"class":42},[28,118421,3401],{"class":93},[172,118423,8194,118425,118428],{"id":118424},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[25,118426,118427],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118430,679,118431,118433],{},[25,118432,118427],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118435,118436],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118438,118439],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[18,118441,118443],{"className":20,"code":118442,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[25,118444,118445,118485,118489,118511],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118446,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118448,3840],{"class":34},[28,118450,39],{"class":38},[28,118452,3388],{"class":93},[28,118454,234],{"class":42},[28,118456,78523],{"class":46},[28,118458,234],{"class":42},[28,118460,2759],{"class":93},[28,118462,43],{"class":42},[28,118464,38150],{"class":46},[28,118466,234],{"class":42},[28,118468,2759],{"class":93},[28,118470,43],{"class":42},[28,118472,3858],{"class":46},[28,118474,234],{"class":42},[28,118476,2759],{"class":93},[28,118478,43],{"class":42},[28,118480,38133],{"class":46},[28,118482,234],{"class":42},[28,118484,3401],{"class":93},[28,118486,118487],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118488,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,118490,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,118492,1999],{"class":34},[28,118494,39],{"class":38},[28,118496,74337],{"class":114},[28,118498,94],{"class":93},[28,118500,3884],{"class":120},[28,118502,2759],{"class":93},[28,118504,21367],{"class":8954},[28,118506,39],{"class":38},[28,118508,10941],{"class":114},[28,118510,101],{"class":93},[28,118512,118513,118515,118517,118519],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,118514,115],{"class":114},[28,118516,94],{"class":93},[28,118518,2033],{"class":120},[28,118520,101],{"class":93},[14,118522,336],{},[18,118524,118526],{"className":20,"code":118525,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[25,118527,118528],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118529,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118531,3669],{"class":93},[28,118533,358],{"class":42},[28,118535,38150],{"class":46},[28,118537,358],{"class":42},[28,118539,2759],{"class":93},[28,118541,61],{"class":42},[28,118543,78523],{"class":46},[28,118545,358],{"class":42},[28,118547,2759],{"class":93},[28,118549,61],{"class":42},[28,118551,38133],{"class":46},[28,118553,358],{"class":42},[28,118555,2759],{"class":93},[28,118557,61],{"class":42},[28,118559,3858],{"class":46},[28,118561,358],{"class":42},[28,118563,3401],{"class":93},[14,118565,20559,118566,118568],{},[25,118567,10941],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118570,118571],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[18,118573,118575],{"className":20,"code":118574,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[25,118576,118577,118610,118614,118640],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118578,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118606,118608],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118580,3840],{"class":34},[28,118582,39],{"class":38},[28,118584,3388],{"class":93},[28,118586,234],{"class":42},[28,118588,83141],{"class":46},[28,118590,234],{"class":42},[28,118592,2759],{"class":93},[28,118594,43],{"class":42},[28,118596,3849],{"class":46},[28,118598,234],{"class":42},[28,118600,2759],{"class":93},[28,118602,43],{"class":42},[28,118604,118605],{"class":46},"Cherry",[28,118607,234],{"class":42},[28,118609,3401],{"class":93},[28,118611,118612],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118613,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,118615,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,118617,1999],{"class":34},[28,118619,39],{"class":38},[28,118621,74337],{"class":114},[28,118623,94],{"class":93},[28,118625,3884],{"class":120},[28,118627,2759],{"class":93},[28,118629,21367],{"class":8954},[28,118631,39],{"class":38},[28,118633,355],{"class":89},[28,118635,385],{"class":93},[28,118637,8417],{"class":24538},[28,118639,101],{"class":93},[28,118641,118642,118644,118646,118648],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,118643,115],{"class":114},[28,118645,94],{"class":93},[28,118647,2033],{"class":120},[28,118649,101],{"class":93},[14,118651,336],{},[18,118653,118655],{"className":20,"code":118654,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[25,118656,118657],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118660,3669],{"class":93},[28,118662,358],{"class":42},[28,118664,3849],{"class":46},[28,118666,358],{"class":42},[28,118668,2759],{"class":93},[28,118670,61],{"class":42},[28,118672,83141],{"class":46},[28,118674,358],{"class":42},[28,118676,2759],{"class":93},[28,118678,61],{"class":42},[28,118680,118605],{"class":46},[28,118682,358],{"class":42},[28,118684,3401],{"class":93},[14,118686,118687,118688,1018,118690,385],{},"You can learn more about ",[25,118689,42151],{},[381,118691,858,118692,861],{"href":42148},[25,118693,42151],{},[172,118695,118697,10365,118699],{"id":118696},"sorted-vs-listsort",[25,118698,74203],{},[25,118700,77646],{},[14,118702,118703],{},"The main difference is this:",[177,118705,118706,118711],{},[180,118707,118708,118710],{},[25,118709,74203],{}," returns a new list",[180,118712,118713,73741],{},[25,118714,77646],{},[14,118716,118717],{},"Also:",[177,118719,118720,118725],{},[180,118721,118722,118724],{},[25,118723,74203],{}," works with many iterables",[180,118726,118727,79079],{},[25,118728,77646],{},[14,118730,1631,118731,10381],{},[25,118732,74203],{},[177,118734,118735,118738],{},[180,118736,118737],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[180,118739,118740],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118742,118743,118744,385],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[381,118745,858,118746,10365,118748,5559],{"href":78904},[25,118747,74203],{},[25,118749,77646],{},[172,118751,118753],{"id":118752},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118755,118756,118757,385],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[25,118758,74203],{},[1109,118760,118762],{"id":118761},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118764,118765,118766,271],{},"This can raise a ",[25,118767,2775],{},[18,118769,118771],{"className":20,"code":118770,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[25,118772,118773,118797],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118774,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118776,3591],{"class":34},[28,118778,39],{"class":38},[28,118780,3388],{"class":93},[28,118782,2756],{"class":97},[28,118784,2759],{"class":93},[28,118786,43],{"class":42},[28,118788,1825],{"class":46},[28,118790,234],{"class":42},[28,118792,2759],{"class":93},[28,118794,2221],{"class":97},[28,118796,3401],{"class":93},[28,118798,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118800,115],{"class":114},[28,118802,94],{"class":93},[28,118804,74293],{"class":114},[28,118806,94],{"class":93},[28,118808,5133],{"class":120},[28,118810,318],{"class":93},[14,118812,118813],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1109,118815,118817,118818,2071],{"id":118816},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[25,118819,14627],{},[14,118821,118822],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118824,924],{},[18,118826,118828],{"className":20,"code":118827,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[25,118829,118830,118850],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118831,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118833,3383],{"class":34},[28,118835,39],{"class":38},[28,118837,3388],{"class":93},[28,118839,2099],{"class":97},[28,118841,2759],{"class":93},[28,118843,2762],{"class":97},[28,118845,2759],{"class":93},[28,118847,7571],{"class":97},[28,118849,3401],{"class":93},[28,118851,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118853,115],{"class":114},[28,118855,94],{"class":93},[28,118857,74293],{"class":114},[28,118859,94],{"class":93},[28,118861,3415],{"class":120},[28,118863,2759],{"class":93},[28,118865,21367],{"class":8954},[28,118867,39],{"class":38},[28,118869,10941],{"class":114},[28,118871,318],{"class":93},[14,118873,48292,118874,118876],{},[25,118875,42151],{}," does not work on integers.",[1109,118878,118880],{"id":118879},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118882,118883],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[18,118885,118887],{"className":20,"code":118886,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,118888,118889,118909,118919,118923],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118890,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118892,3383],{"class":34},[28,118894,39],{"class":38},[28,118896,3388],{"class":93},[28,118898,1831],{"class":97},[28,118900,2759],{"class":93},[28,118902,5273],{"class":97},[28,118904,2759],{"class":93},[28,118906,2762],{"class":97},[28,118908,3401],{"class":93},[28,118910,118911,118913,118915,118917],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,118912,74293],{"class":114},[28,118914,94],{"class":93},[28,118916,3415],{"class":120},[28,118918,101],{"class":93},[28,118920,118921],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,118922,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,118924,118925,118927,118929,118931],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,118926,115],{"class":114},[28,118928,94],{"class":93},[28,118930,3415],{"class":120},[28,118932,101],{"class":93},[14,118934,336],{},[18,118936,118938],{"className":20,"code":118937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[25,118939,118940],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118941,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118943,3669],{"class":93},[28,118945,1831],{"class":97},[28,118947,2759],{"class":93},[28,118949,5273],{"class":97},[28,118951,2759],{"class":93},[28,118953,2762],{"class":97},[28,118955,3401],{"class":93},[14,118957,118958],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[172,118960,1104],{"id":1103},[177,118962,118963,118967,118970,118975,118979],{},[180,118964,1320,118965,73741],{},[25,118966,74203],{},[180,118968,118969],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[180,118971,4476,118972,118974],{},[25,118973,74203],{}," always returns a list",[180,118976,8194,118977,22891],{},[25,118978,118427],{},[180,118980,29440,118981,118983,118984],{},[25,118982,64091],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[25,118985,74203],{},[14,118987,118988],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[18,118990,118992],{"className":20,"code":118991,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[25,118993,118994,119016,119042,119080],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,118995,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,118997,115],{"class":114},[28,118999,94],{"class":93},[28,119001,74293],{"class":114},[28,119003,2753],{"class":93},[28,119005,1831],{"class":97},[28,119007,2759],{"class":93},[28,119009,5273],{"class":97},[28,119011,2759],{"class":93},[28,119013,2762],{"class":97},[28,119015,2769],{"class":93},[28,119017,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038,119040],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119019,115],{"class":114},[28,119021,94],{"class":93},[28,119023,311],{"class":89},[28,119025,94],{"class":93},[28,119027,74293],{"class":114},[28,119029,5286],{"class":93},[28,119031,1831],{"class":97},[28,119033,2759],{"class":93},[28,119035,5273],{"class":97},[28,119037,2759],{"class":93},[28,119039,2762],{"class":97},[28,119041,93135],{"class":93},[28,119043,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,119045,115],{"class":114},[28,119047,94],{"class":93},[28,119049,74293],{"class":114},[28,119051,2753],{"class":93},[28,119053,358],{"class":42},[28,119055,83141],{"class":46},[28,119057,358],{"class":42},[28,119059,2759],{"class":93},[28,119061,61],{"class":42},[28,119063,3849],{"class":46},[28,119065,358],{"class":42},[28,119067,17849],{"class":93},[28,119069,21367],{"class":8954},[28,119071,39],{"class":38},[28,119073,355],{"class":89},[28,119075,385],{"class":93},[28,119077,8417],{"class":24538},[28,119079,318],{"class":93},[28,119081,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,119083,115],{"class":114},[28,119085,94],{"class":93},[28,119087,74293],{"class":114},[28,119089,2753],{"class":93},[28,119091,1831],{"class":97},[28,119093,2759],{"class":93},[28,119095,5273],{"class":97},[28,119097,2759],{"class":93},[28,119099,2762],{"class":97},[28,119101,17849],{"class":93},[28,119103,77849],{"class":8954},[28,119105,39],{"class":38},[28,119107,777],{"class":776},[28,119109,318],{"class":93},[14,119111,119112,119113,385],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[381,119114,52551],{"href":50758},[172,119116,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,119118,12487,119120,56943],{"id":119119},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[25,119121,74203],{},[14,119123,119124],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1109,119126,4915,119128,12499],{"id":119127},"what-does-sorted-return",[25,119129,74203],{},[14,119131,119132],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1109,119134,119136,119137,10871,119139,2262],{"id":119135},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[25,119138,74203],{},[25,119140,77646],{},[14,119142,1631,119143,119145],{},[25,119144,74203],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1109,119147,4915,119149,86228,119151,2262],{"id":119148},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[25,119150,118427],{},[25,119152,74203],{},[14,119154,119155],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1109,119157,4931,119159,119161,119162,2262],{"id":119158},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[25,119160,74203],{}," give a ",[25,119163,2775],{},[14,119165,119166],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[172,119168,1662],{"id":1661},[177,119170,119171,119175,119183,119187,119193,119199],{},[180,119172,119173],{},[381,119174,79652],{"href":78155},[180,119176,119177],{},[381,119178,858,119179,10365,119181,5559],{"href":78904},[25,119180,74203],{},[25,119182,77646],{},[180,119184,119185],{},[381,119186,52551],{"href":50758},[180,119188,119189],{},[381,119190,858,119191,861],{"href":42148},[25,119192,42151],{},[180,119194,119195],{},[381,119196,858,119197,861],{"href":91791},[25,119198,35538],{},[180,119200,119201],{},[381,119202,858,119203,861],{"href":35985},[25,119204,35988],{},[1699,119206,119207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":119209},[119210,119211,119213,119216,119217,119224,119226,119228,119230,119236,119237,119249],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":117490,"depth":53,"text":119212},"What sorted() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":119214},[119215],{"id":17180,"depth":70,"text":17181},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":117729,"depth":53,"text":117730,"children":119218},[119219,119220,119221,119222,119223],{"id":7869,"depth":70,"text":117738},{"id":48734,"depth":70,"text":117802},{"id":6063,"depth":70,"text":117899},{"id":60953,"depth":70,"text":117963},{"id":15389,"depth":70,"text":29013},{"id":118168,"depth":53,"text":119225},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118424,"depth":53,"text":119227},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118696,"depth":53,"text":119229},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118752,"depth":53,"text":118753,"children":119231},[119232,119233,119235],{"id":118761,"depth":70,"text":118762},{"id":118816,"depth":70,"text":119234},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118879,"depth":70,"text":118880},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":119238},[119239,119241,119243,119245,119247],{"id":119119,"depth":70,"text":119240},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119127,"depth":70,"text":119242},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119135,"depth":70,"text":119244},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119148,"depth":70,"text":119246},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119158,"depth":70,"text":119248},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117392,"description":119250},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119257,"title":119258,"body":119259,"description":121370,"extension":1730,"meta":121371,"navigation":107,"path":78904,"seo":121372,"stem":121373,"__hash__":121374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119260,"toc":121317},[119261,119268,119271,119281,119287,119290,119308,119316,119318,119377,119385,119389,119411,119415,119419,119421,119438,119440,119452,119458,119542,119546,119593,119599,119606,119610,119615,119617,119629,119634,119687,119691,119711,119718,119725,119729,119732,119751,119755,119869,119873,119943,119945,119957,119962,119966,119979,119983,120058,120062,120101,120108,120114,120119,120123,120137,120141,120206,120210,120243,120246,120251,120259,120266,120279,120282,120286,120369,120373,120410,120414,120517,120521,120582,120587,120594,120598,120601,120607,120610,120677,120681,120705,120707,120725,120732,120785,120789,120809,120815,120817,120874,120881,120907,120912,120917,120925,120931,120991,120995,121042,121045,121047,121050,121076,121079,121172,121174,121194,121198,121201,121219,121225,121227,121235,121240,121247,121250,121256,121259,121265,121273,121281,121286,121288,121314],[10,119262,858,119264,10365,119266,92849],{"id":119263},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[25,119265,74203],{},[25,119267,77646],{},[14,119269,119270],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[177,119272,119273,119277],{},[180,119274,119275],{},[25,119276,74203],{},[180,119278,119279],{},[25,119280,77646],{},[14,119282,119283,119284,119286],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[163,119285,4402],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119288,119289],{},"The main difference is simple:",[177,119291,119292,119300],{},[180,119293,1631,119294,119296,119297],{},[25,119295,74203],{}," when you want a ",[163,119298,119299],{},"new sorted result",[180,119301,1631,119302,119304,119305],{},[25,119303,77646],{}," when you want to ",[163,119306,119307],{},"change the original list",[14,119309,119310,119311,2166,119313,119315],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[25,119312,77646],{},[25,119314,3546],{}," and causes confusion.",[172,119317,3373],{"id":3372},[18,119319,119321],{"className":20,"code":119320,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[25,119322,119323,119343,119347,119364],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119326,3383],{"class":34},[28,119328,39],{"class":38},[28,119330,3388],{"class":93},[28,119332,1831],{"class":97},[28,119334,2759],{"class":93},[28,119336,5273],{"class":97},[28,119338,2759],{"class":93},[28,119340,2762],{"class":97},[28,119342,3401],{"class":93},[28,119344,119345],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119346,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119348,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,119350,55670],{"class":34},[28,119352,39],{"class":38},[28,119354,74337],{"class":114},[28,119356,94],{"class":93},[28,119358,3415],{"class":120},[28,119360,3428],{"class":93},[28,119362,119363],{"class":1006},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[28,119365,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,119367,3415],{"class":34},[28,119369,385],{"class":93},[28,119371,34589],{"class":120},[28,119373,7141],{"class":93},[28,119375,119376],{"class":1006},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119378,1631,119379,119381,119382,119384],{},[25,119380,74203],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[25,119383,77646],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[172,119386,119388],{"id":119387},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[177,119390,119391,119396,119401,119408],{},[180,119392,1631,119393,119395],{},[25,119394,74203],{}," to get a new sorted list",[180,119397,1631,119398,119400],{},[25,119399,77646],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[180,119402,119403,119404,2166,119406],{},"Understand why ",[25,119405,77646],{},[25,119407,3546],{},[180,119409,119410],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[172,119412,3445,119413,3448],{"id":117490},[25,119414,74203],{},[14,119416,119417,62705],{},[25,119418,74203],{},[14,119420,48708],{},[177,119422,119423,119429,119435],{},[180,119424,119425,119426],{},"returns a ",[163,119427,119428],{},"new list",[180,119430,119431,119432,119434],{},"does ",[163,119433,4402],{}," change the original data",[180,119436,119437],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119439,50912],{},[177,119441,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450],{},[180,119443,5074],{},[180,119445,5077],{},[180,119447,5083],{},[180,119449,5080],{},[180,119451,35699],{},[1109,119453,34867,119455,119457],{"id":119454},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[25,119456,74203],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[18,119459,119461],{"className":20,"code":119460,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[25,119462,119463,119483,119487,119501,119505,119523],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119464,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119466,3383],{"class":34},[28,119468,39],{"class":38},[28,119470,3388],{"class":93},[28,119472,1831],{"class":97},[28,119474,2759],{"class":93},[28,119476,5273],{"class":97},[28,119478,2759],{"class":93},[28,119480,2762],{"class":97},[28,119482,3401],{"class":93},[28,119484,119485],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119486,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119488,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,119490,1999],{"class":34},[28,119492,39],{"class":38},[28,119494,74337],{"class":114},[28,119496,94],{"class":93},[28,119498,3415],{"class":120},[28,119500,101],{"class":93},[28,119502,119503],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,119504,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119506,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519,119521],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,119508,115],{"class":114},[28,119510,94],{"class":93},[28,119512,234],{"class":42},[28,119514,11936],{"class":46},[28,119516,234],{"class":42},[28,119518,2759],{"class":93},[28,119520,4034],{"class":120},[28,119522,101],{"class":93},[28,119524,119525,119527,119529,119531,119534,119536,119538,119540],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,119526,115],{"class":114},[28,119528,94],{"class":93},[28,119530,234],{"class":42},[28,119532,119533],{"class":46},"sorted result:",[28,119535,234],{"class":42},[28,119537,2759],{"class":93},[28,119539,80995],{"class":120},[28,119541,101],{"class":93},[14,119543,119544],{},[163,119545,336],{},[18,119547,119549],{"className":20,"code":119548,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[25,119550,119551,119571],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119552,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119554,11915],{"class":34},[28,119556,271],{"class":93},[28,119558,3388],{"class":93},[28,119560,1831],{"class":97},[28,119562,2759],{"class":93},[28,119564,5273],{"class":97},[28,119566,2759],{"class":93},[28,119568,2762],{"class":97},[28,119570,3401],{"class":93},[28,119572,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119574,74293],{"class":114},[28,119576,80995],{"class":34},[28,119578,271],{"class":93},[28,119580,3388],{"class":93},[28,119582,2756],{"class":97},[28,119584,2759],{"class":93},[28,119586,2762],{"class":97},[28,119588,2759],{"class":93},[28,119590,2221],{"class":97},[28,119592,3401],{"class":93},[14,119594,119595,119596,119598],{},"The important part is that ",[25,119597,3415],{}," stays the same.",[14,119600,119601,119602,385],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[381,119603,858,119604,861],{"href":74300},[25,119605,74203],{},[172,119607,3445,119608,3448],{"id":77712},[25,119609,77646],{},[14,119611,119612,119614],{},[25,119613,64091],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119616,48708],{},[177,119618,119619,119622,119625],{},[180,119620,119621],{},"changes the original list directly",[180,119623,119624],{},"only works on lists",[180,119626,3460,119627],{},[25,119628,3546],{},[1109,119630,34867,119632,73741],{"id":119631},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[25,119633,77646],{},[18,119635,119637],{"className":20,"code":119636,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,119638,119639,119659,119663,119673,119677],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119640,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655,119657],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119642,3383],{"class":34},[28,119644,39],{"class":38},[28,119646,3388],{"class":93},[28,119648,1831],{"class":97},[28,119650,2759],{"class":93},[28,119652,5273],{"class":97},[28,119654,2759],{"class":93},[28,119656,2762],{"class":97},[28,119658,3401],{"class":93},[28,119660,119661],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119662,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119664,119665,119667,119669,119671],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,119666,3415],{"class":34},[28,119668,385],{"class":93},[28,119670,34589],{"class":120},[28,119672,8420],{"class":93},[28,119674,119675],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,119676,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119678,119679,119681,119683,119685],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,119680,115],{"class":114},[28,119682,94],{"class":93},[28,119684,3415],{"class":120},[28,119686,101],{"class":93},[14,119688,119689],{},[163,119690,336],{},[18,119692,119693],{"className":20,"code":54930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,119694,119695],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119696,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119698,3669],{"class":93},[28,119700,2756],{"class":97},[28,119702,2759],{"class":93},[28,119704,2762],{"class":97},[28,119706,2759],{"class":93},[28,119708,2221],{"class":97},[28,119710,3401],{"class":93},[14,119712,119713,119714,119717],{},"After calling ",[25,119715,119716],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119719,119720,119721,385],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[381,119722,858,119723,1689],{"href":74554},[25,119724,77646],{},[172,119726,119728],{"id":119727},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119730,119731],{},"Here is the core difference:",[177,119733,119734,119743],{},[180,119735,119736,119739,119740],{},[25,119737,119738],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[163,119741,119742],{},"new sorted list",[180,119744,119745,119748,119749,74111],{},[25,119746,119747],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[25,119750,8115],{},[1109,119752,119754],{"id":119753},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[18,119756,119758],{"className":20,"code":119757,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[25,119759,119760,119780,119784,119798,119817,119836,119840,119850],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119761,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776,119778],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119763,3383],{"class":34},[28,119765,39],{"class":38},[28,119767,3388],{"class":93},[28,119769,1905],{"class":97},[28,119771,2759],{"class":93},[28,119773,2762],{"class":97},[28,119775,2759],{"class":93},[28,119777,2226],{"class":97},[28,119779,3401],{"class":93},[28,119781,119782],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119783,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119785,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,119787,885],{"class":34},[28,119789,39],{"class":38},[28,119791,74337],{"class":114},[28,119793,94],{"class":93},[28,119795,3415],{"class":120},[28,119797,101],{"class":93},[28,119799,119800,119802,119804,119806,119809,119811,119813,119815],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,119801,115],{"class":114},[28,119803,94],{"class":93},[28,119805,234],{"class":42},[28,119807,119808],{"class":46},"numbers after sorted():",[28,119810,234],{"class":42},[28,119812,2759],{"class":93},[28,119814,4034],{"class":120},[28,119816,101],{"class":93},[28,119818,119819,119821,119823,119825,119828,119830,119832,119834],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,119820,115],{"class":114},[28,119822,94],{"class":93},[28,119824,234],{"class":42},[28,119826,119827],{"class":46},"a:",[28,119829,234],{"class":42},[28,119831,2759],{"class":93},[28,119833,56667],{"class":120},[28,119835,101],{"class":93},[28,119837,119838],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,119839,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,119841,119842,119844,119846,119848],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,119843,3415],{"class":34},[28,119845,385],{"class":93},[28,119847,34589],{"class":120},[28,119849,8420],{"class":93},[28,119851,119852,119854,119856,119858,119861,119863,119865,119867],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,119853,115],{"class":114},[28,119855,94],{"class":93},[28,119857,234],{"class":42},[28,119859,119860],{"class":46},"numbers after sort():",[28,119862,234],{"class":42},[28,119864,2759],{"class":93},[28,119866,4034],{"class":120},[28,119868,101],{"class":93},[14,119870,119871],{},[163,119872,336],{},[18,119874,119876],{"className":20,"code":119875,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[25,119877,119878,119901,119921],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119879,119880,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119881,119882],{"class":34},"numbers after ",[28,119884,74293],{"class":114},[28,119886,29374],{"class":93},[28,119888,3388],{"class":93},[28,119890,1905],{"class":97},[28,119892,2759],{"class":93},[28,119894,2762],{"class":97},[28,119896,2759],{"class":93},[28,119898,2226],{"class":97},[28,119900,3401],{"class":93},[28,119902,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,119904,381],{"class":34},[28,119906,271],{"class":93},[28,119908,3388],{"class":93},[28,119910,1825],{"class":97},[28,119912,2759],{"class":93},[28,119914,2226],{"class":97},[28,119916,2759],{"class":93},[28,119918,4376],{"class":97},[28,119920,3401],{"class":93},[28,119922,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,119924,119882],{"class":34},[28,119926,34589],{"class":120},[28,119928,29374],{"class":93},[28,119930,3388],{"class":93},[28,119932,1825],{"class":97},[28,119934,2759],{"class":93},[28,119936,2226],{"class":97},[28,119938,2759],{"class":93},[28,119940,4376],{"class":97},[28,119942,3401],{"class":93},[14,119944,10493],{},[177,119946,119947,119952],{},[180,119948,119949,119951],{},[25,119950,74203],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[180,119953,119954,119956],{},[25,119955,64091],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[172,119958,4734,119960],{"id":119959},"when-to-use-sorted",[25,119961,74203],{},[14,119963,1631,119964,10381],{},[25,119965,74203],{},[177,119967,119968,119971,119973,119976],{},[180,119969,119970],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[180,119972,118740],{},[180,119974,119975],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[180,119977,119978],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1109,119980,119982],{"id":119981},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[18,119984,119986],{"className":20,"code":119985,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,119987,119988,120012,120016,120030,120034,120044],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,119989,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008,120010],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,119991,3383],{"class":34},[28,119993,39],{"class":38},[28,119995,9015],{"class":93},[28,119997,2275],{"class":97},[28,119999,2759],{"class":93},[28,120001,5273],{"class":97},[28,120003,2759],{"class":93},[28,120005,2221],{"class":97},[28,120007,2759],{"class":93},[28,120009,2762],{"class":97},[28,120011,101],{"class":93},[28,120013,120014],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120015,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120017,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120019,1999],{"class":34},[28,120021,39],{"class":38},[28,120023,74337],{"class":114},[28,120025,94],{"class":93},[28,120027,3415],{"class":120},[28,120029,101],{"class":93},[28,120031,120032],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120033,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120035,120036,120038,120040,120042],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120037,115],{"class":114},[28,120039,94],{"class":93},[28,120041,2033],{"class":120},[28,120043,101],{"class":93},[28,120045,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,120047,115],{"class":114},[28,120049,94],{"class":93},[28,120051,311],{"class":89},[28,120053,94],{"class":93},[28,120055,2033],{"class":120},[28,120057,318],{"class":93},[14,120059,120060],{},[163,120061,336],{},[18,120063,120065],{"className":20,"code":120064,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[25,120066,120067,120087],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120068,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120070,3669],{"class":93},[28,120072,2756],{"class":97},[28,120074,2759],{"class":93},[28,120076,2762],{"class":97},[28,120078,2759],{"class":93},[28,120080,2221],{"class":97},[28,120082,2759],{"class":93},[28,120084,2226],{"class":97},[28,120086,3401],{"class":93},[28,120088,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120090,346],{"class":38},[28,120092,350],{"class":349},[28,120094,61],{"class":42},[28,120096,7869],{"class":46},[28,120098,358],{"class":42},[28,120100,361],{"class":38},[14,120102,2055,120103,120105,120106,385],{},[25,120104,74203],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[163,120107,7869],{},[14,120109,120110,120111,120113],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[381,120112,52551],{"href":50758}," is a helpful next step.",[172,120115,4734,120117],{"id":120116},"when-to-use-listsort",[25,120118,77646],{},[14,120120,1631,120121,10381],{},[25,120122,77646],{},[177,120124,120125,120128,120131,120134],{},[180,120126,120127],{},"you already have a list",[180,120129,120130],{},"you want to update that list directly",[180,120132,120133],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[180,120135,120136],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1109,120138,120140],{"id":120139},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[18,120142,120144],{"className":20,"code":120143,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[25,120145,120146,120178,120182,120192,120196],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120147,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120149,4768],{"class":34},[28,120151,39],{"class":38},[28,120153,3388],{"class":93},[28,120155,234],{"class":42},[28,120157,4794],{"class":46},[28,120159,234],{"class":42},[28,120161,2759],{"class":93},[28,120163,43],{"class":42},[28,120165,47],{"class":46},[28,120167,234],{"class":42},[28,120169,2759],{"class":93},[28,120171,43],{"class":42},[28,120173,4785],{"class":46},[28,120175,234],{"class":42},[28,120177,3401],{"class":93},[28,120179,120180],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120181,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120183,120184,120186,120188,120190],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120185,4811],{"class":34},[28,120187,385],{"class":93},[28,120189,34589],{"class":120},[28,120191,8420],{"class":93},[28,120193,120194],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120195,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120197,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120199,115],{"class":114},[28,120201,94],{"class":93},[28,120203,4811],{"class":120},[28,120205,101],{"class":93},[14,120207,120208],{},[163,120209,336],{},[18,120211,120213],{"className":20,"code":120212,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[25,120214,120215],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120218,3669],{"class":93},[28,120220,358],{"class":42},[28,120222,47],{"class":46},[28,120224,358],{"class":42},[28,120226,2759],{"class":93},[28,120228,61],{"class":42},[28,120230,4785],{"class":46},[28,120232,358],{"class":42},[28,120234,2759],{"class":93},[28,120236,61],{"class":42},[28,120238,4794],{"class":46},[28,120240,358],{"class":42},[28,120242,3401],{"class":93},[14,120244,120245],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120247,120248,120249,385],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[381,120250,79652],{"href":78155},[172,120252,120254,1323,120256,120258],{"id":120253},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[25,120255,73356],{},[25,120257,14627],{}," work with both",[14,120260,10370,120261,1323,120263,120265],{},[25,120262,74203],{},[25,120264,77646],{}," support:",[177,120267,120268,120273],{},[180,120269,120270,120272],{},[25,120271,77870],{}," for descending order",[180,120274,120275,120278],{},[25,120276,120277],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120280,120281],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1109,120283,120285],{"id":120284},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[18,120287,120289],{"className":20,"code":120288,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,120290,120291,120311,120315,120337,120341,120359],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120294,3383],{"class":34},[28,120296,39],{"class":38},[28,120298,3388],{"class":93},[28,120300,1831],{"class":97},[28,120302,2759],{"class":93},[28,120304,5273],{"class":97},[28,120306,2759],{"class":93},[28,120308,2762],{"class":97},[28,120310,3401],{"class":93},[28,120312,120313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120314,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120316,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120318,115],{"class":114},[28,120320,94],{"class":93},[28,120322,74293],{"class":114},[28,120324,94],{"class":93},[28,120326,3415],{"class":120},[28,120328,2759],{"class":93},[28,120330,77849],{"class":8954},[28,120332,39],{"class":38},[28,120334,777],{"class":776},[28,120336,318],{"class":93},[28,120338,120339],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120340,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120342,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355,120357],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120344,3415],{"class":34},[28,120346,385],{"class":93},[28,120348,34589],{"class":120},[28,120350,94],{"class":93},[28,120352,73356],{"class":8954},[28,120354,39],{"class":38},[28,120356,777],{"class":776},[28,120358,101],{"class":93},[28,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,120362,115],{"class":114},[28,120364,94],{"class":93},[28,120366,3415],{"class":120},[28,120368,101],{"class":93},[14,120370,120371],{},[163,120372,336],{},[18,120374,120376],{"className":20,"code":120375,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[25,120377,120378,120394],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120379,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120381,3669],{"class":93},[28,120383,1831],{"class":97},[28,120385,2759],{"class":93},[28,120387,2762],{"class":97},[28,120389,2759],{"class":93},[28,120391,5273],{"class":97},[28,120393,3401],{"class":93},[28,120395,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120397,3669],{"class":93},[28,120399,1831],{"class":97},[28,120401,2759],{"class":93},[28,120403,2762],{"class":97},[28,120405,2759],{"class":93},[28,120407,5273],{"class":97},[28,120409,3401],{"class":93},[1109,120411,120413],{"id":120412},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[18,120415,120417],{"className":20,"code":120416,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[25,120418,120419,120451,120455,120481,120485,120507],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120420,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120422,3840],{"class":34},[28,120424,39],{"class":38},[28,120426,3388],{"class":93},[28,120428,234],{"class":42},[28,120430,83141],{"class":46},[28,120432,234],{"class":42},[28,120434,2759],{"class":93},[28,120436,43],{"class":42},[28,120438,3849],{"class":46},[28,120440,234],{"class":42},[28,120442,2759],{"class":93},[28,120444,43],{"class":42},[28,120446,118605],{"class":46},[28,120448,234],{"class":42},[28,120450,3401],{"class":93},[28,120452,120453],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120454,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120456,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120458,115],{"class":114},[28,120460,94],{"class":93},[28,120462,74293],{"class":114},[28,120464,94],{"class":93},[28,120466,3884],{"class":120},[28,120468,2759],{"class":93},[28,120470,21367],{"class":8954},[28,120472,39],{"class":38},[28,120474,355],{"class":89},[28,120476,385],{"class":93},[28,120478,8417],{"class":24538},[28,120480,318],{"class":93},[28,120482,120483],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120484,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120486,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120488,3884],{"class":34},[28,120490,385],{"class":93},[28,120492,34589],{"class":120},[28,120494,94],{"class":93},[28,120496,14627],{"class":8954},[28,120498,39],{"class":38},[28,120500,355],{"class":89},[28,120502,385],{"class":93},[28,120504,8417],{"class":24538},[28,120506,101],{"class":93},[28,120508,120509,120511,120513,120515],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,120510,115],{"class":114},[28,120512,94],{"class":93},[28,120514,3884],{"class":120},[28,120516,101],{"class":93},[14,120518,120519],{},[163,120520,336],{},[18,120522,120524],{"className":20,"code":120523,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[25,120525,120526,120554],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120527,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120529,3669],{"class":93},[28,120531,358],{"class":42},[28,120533,3849],{"class":46},[28,120535,358],{"class":42},[28,120537,2759],{"class":93},[28,120539,61],{"class":42},[28,120541,83141],{"class":46},[28,120543,358],{"class":42},[28,120545,2759],{"class":93},[28,120547,61],{"class":42},[28,120549,118605],{"class":46},[28,120551,358],{"class":42},[28,120553,3401],{"class":93},[28,120555,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120557,3669],{"class":93},[28,120559,358],{"class":42},[28,120561,3849],{"class":46},[28,120563,358],{"class":42},[28,120565,2759],{"class":93},[28,120567,61],{"class":42},[28,120569,83141],{"class":46},[28,120571,358],{"class":42},[28,120573,2759],{"class":93},[28,120575,61],{"class":42},[28,120577,118605],{"class":46},[28,120579,358],{"class":42},[28,120581,3401],{"class":93},[14,120583,8194,120584,120586],{},[25,120585,78364],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120588,120589,120590,385],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[381,120591,120593],{"href":120592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[172,120595,120597],{"id":120596},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120599,120600],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1109,120602,120604,120605,12380],{"id":120603},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[25,120606,77646],{},[14,120608,120609],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[18,120611,120613],{"className":20,"code":120612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,120614,120615,120635,120639,120653,120657,120667],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120616,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120618,3383],{"class":34},[28,120620,39],{"class":38},[28,120622,3388],{"class":93},[28,120624,1831],{"class":97},[28,120626,2759],{"class":93},[28,120628,5273],{"class":97},[28,120630,2759],{"class":93},[28,120632,2762],{"class":97},[28,120634,3401],{"class":93},[28,120636,120637],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120638,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120640,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120642,1999],{"class":34},[28,120644,39],{"class":38},[28,120646,4034],{"class":34},[28,120648,385],{"class":93},[28,120650,34589],{"class":120},[28,120652,8420],{"class":93},[28,120654,120655],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120656,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120658,120659,120661,120663,120665],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120660,115],{"class":114},[28,120662,94],{"class":93},[28,120664,2033],{"class":120},[28,120666,101],{"class":93},[28,120668,120669,120671,120673,120675],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,120670,115],{"class":114},[28,120672,94],{"class":93},[28,120674,3415],{"class":120},[28,120676,101],{"class":93},[14,120678,120679],{},[163,120680,336],{},[18,120682,120683],{"className":20,"code":78987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,120684,120685,120689],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120686,120687],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120688,11590],{"class":776},[28,120690,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120692,3669],{"class":93},[28,120694,2756],{"class":97},[28,120696,2759],{"class":93},[28,120698,2762],{"class":97},[28,120700,2759],{"class":93},[28,120702,2221],{"class":97},[28,120704,3401],{"class":93},[14,120706,11682],{},[177,120708,120709,120714,120719],{},[180,120710,120711,120713],{},[25,120712,119716],{}," sorts the list in place",[180,120715,34804,120716,120718],{},[163,120717,4402],{}," return the sorted list",[180,120720,89761,120721,41946,120723],{},[25,120722,2033],{},[25,120724,3546],{},[1109,120726,120728,120729,120731],{"id":120727},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[25,120730,74203],{}," to change the original list",[18,120733,120735],{"className":20,"code":120734,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,120736,120737,120757,120761,120771,120775],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120738,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120740,3383],{"class":34},[28,120742,39],{"class":38},[28,120744,3388],{"class":93},[28,120746,1831],{"class":97},[28,120748,2759],{"class":93},[28,120750,5273],{"class":97},[28,120752,2759],{"class":93},[28,120754,2762],{"class":97},[28,120756,3401],{"class":93},[28,120758,120759],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120760,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120762,120763,120765,120767,120769],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120764,74293],{"class":114},[28,120766,94],{"class":93},[28,120768,3415],{"class":120},[28,120770,101],{"class":93},[28,120772,120773],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120774,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120776,120777,120779,120781,120783],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120778,115],{"class":114},[28,120780,94],{"class":93},[28,120782,3415],{"class":120},[28,120784,101],{"class":93},[14,120786,120787],{},[163,120788,336],{},[18,120790,120791],{"className":20,"code":118937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,120792,120793],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120794,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120796,3669],{"class":93},[28,120798,1831],{"class":97},[28,120800,2759],{"class":93},[28,120802,5273],{"class":97},[28,120804,2759],{"class":93},[28,120806,2762],{"class":97},[28,120808,3401],{"class":93},[14,120810,120811,120814],{},[25,120812,120813],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120816,1142],{},[18,120818,120820],{"className":20,"code":120819,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[25,120821,120822,120842,120846,120860,120864],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120823,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120825,3383],{"class":34},[28,120827,39],{"class":38},[28,120829,3388],{"class":93},[28,120831,1831],{"class":97},[28,120833,2759],{"class":93},[28,120835,5273],{"class":97},[28,120837,2759],{"class":93},[28,120839,2762],{"class":97},[28,120841,3401],{"class":93},[28,120843,120844],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120845,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120847,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120849,55422],{"class":34},[28,120851,39],{"class":38},[28,120853,74337],{"class":114},[28,120855,94],{"class":93},[28,120857,3415],{"class":120},[28,120859,101],{"class":93},[28,120861,120862],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120863,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120865,120866,120868,120870,120872],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120867,115],{"class":114},[28,120869,94],{"class":93},[28,120871,55441],{"class":120},[28,120873,101],{"class":93},[1109,120875,120877,120878,120880],{"id":120876},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[25,120879,64091],{}," on a tuple or string",[18,120882,120883],{"className":20,"code":79089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,120884,120885,120897],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120886,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120888,84],{"class":34},[28,120890,39],{"class":38},[28,120892,43],{"class":42},[28,120894,22],{"class":46},[28,120896,50],{"class":42},[28,120898,120899,120901,120903,120905],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120900,157],{"class":34},[28,120902,385],{"class":93},[28,120904,34589],{"class":120},[28,120906,8420],{"class":93},[14,120908,120909,120910,33392],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[25,120911,64091],{},[14,120913,120914,120916],{},[25,120915,64091],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120918,120919,120920,120922,120923,385],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[25,120921,74203],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[381,120924,4909],{"href":5362},[1109,120926,120928,120929,118974],{"id":120927},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[25,120930,74203],{},[18,120932,120934],{"className":20,"code":120933,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,120935,120936,120949,120963,120967,120977],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,120937,120938,120940,120942,120944,120947],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,120939,84],{"class":34},[28,120941,39],{"class":38},[28,120943,43],{"class":42},[28,120945,120946],{"class":46},"cab",[28,120948,50],{"class":42},[28,120950,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,120952,1999],{"class":34},[28,120954,39],{"class":38},[28,120956,74337],{"class":114},[28,120958,94],{"class":93},[28,120960,157],{"class":120},[28,120962,101],{"class":93},[28,120964,120965],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,120966,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,120968,120969,120971,120973,120975],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,120970,115],{"class":114},[28,120972,94],{"class":93},[28,120974,2033],{"class":120},[28,120976,101],{"class":93},[28,120978,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987,120989],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,120980,115],{"class":114},[28,120982,94],{"class":93},[28,120984,311],{"class":89},[28,120986,94],{"class":93},[28,120988,2033],{"class":120},[28,120990,318],{"class":93},[14,120992,120993],{},[163,120994,336],{},[18,120996,120998],{"className":20,"code":120997,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[25,120999,121000,121028],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024,121026],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121003,3669],{"class":93},[28,121005,358],{"class":42},[28,121007,381],{"class":46},[28,121009,358],{"class":42},[28,121011,2759],{"class":93},[28,121013,61],{"class":42},[28,121015,4533],{"class":46},[28,121017,358],{"class":42},[28,121019,2759],{"class":93},[28,121021,61],{"class":42},[28,121023,9518],{"class":46},[28,121025,358],{"class":42},[28,121027,3401],{"class":93},[28,121029,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121031,346],{"class":38},[28,121033,350],{"class":349},[28,121035,61],{"class":42},[28,121037,7869],{"class":46},[28,121039,358],{"class":42},[28,121041,361],{"class":38},[14,121043,121044],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[172,121046,113495],{"id":113494},[14,121048,121049],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[177,121051,121052,121055,121060,121065,121071],{},[180,121053,121054],{},"confusing a function with a method",[180,121056,121057,121058,53424],{},"not knowing that ",[25,121059,64091],{},[180,121061,121062,121063,12380],{},"assigning the result of ",[25,121064,77646],{},[180,121066,121067,121068,121070],{},"trying to use ",[25,121069,64091],{}," on non-list data types",[180,121072,50285,121073,121075],{},[25,121074,74203],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121077,121078],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[18,121080,121082],{"className":20,"code":121081,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[25,121083,121084,121094,121108,121133,121148,121158],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121085,121086,121088,121090,121092],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121087,115],{"class":114},[28,121089,94],{"class":93},[28,121091,8115],{"class":120},[28,121093,101],{"class":93},[28,121095,121096,121098,121100,121102,121104,121106],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121097,115],{"class":114},[28,121099,94],{"class":93},[28,121101,74293],{"class":114},[28,121103,94],{"class":93},[28,121105,8115],{"class":120},[28,121107,318],{"class":93},[28,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122,121125,121127,121129,121131],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121111,1999],{"class":34},[28,121113,39],{"class":38},[28,121115,8172],{"class":34},[28,121117,385],{"class":93},[28,121119,34589],{"class":120},[28,121121,7141],{"class":93},[28,121123,121124],{"class":34},"; ",[28,121126,115],{"class":114},[28,121128,94],{"class":93},[28,121130,2033],{"class":120},[28,121132,101],{"class":93},[28,121134,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143,121146],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121136,115],{"class":114},[28,121138,94],{"class":93},[28,121140,311],{"class":89},[28,121142,94],{"class":93},[28,121144,121145],{"class":120},"my_data",[28,121147,318],{"class":93},[28,121149,121150,121152,121154,121156],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,121151,31943],{"class":114},[28,121153,94],{"class":93},[28,121155,74293],{"class":114},[28,121157,101],{"class":93},[28,121159,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168,121170],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,121161,31943],{"class":114},[28,121163,94],{"class":93},[28,121165,7869],{"class":89},[28,121167,385],{"class":93},[28,121169,34589],{"class":24538},[28,121171,101],{"class":93},[14,121173,84151],{},[177,121175,121176,121179,121183,121191],{},[180,121177,121178],{},"whether your original list changed",[180,121180,25808,121181,11487],{},[25,121182,74203],{},[180,121184,121185,121186,121188,121189],{},"whether ",[25,121187,64091],{}," returned ",[25,121190,3546],{},[180,121192,121193],{},"what type of object you are working with",[172,121195,121197],{"id":121196},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121199,121200],{},"Use this rule:",[177,121202,121203,121211],{},[180,121204,121205,121206,121208,121209],{},"Need a ",[163,121207,119299],{},": use ",[25,121210,74203],{},[180,121212,121213,121214,121208,121217],{},"Need to ",[163,121215,121216],{},"change one list directly",[25,121218,77646],{},[14,121220,121221,121222,121224],{},"For many beginners, ",[25,121223,74203],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[172,121226,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,121228,121230,121231,474,121233,2262],{"id":121229},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[25,121232,74203],{},[25,121234,77646],{},[14,121236,121237,121239],{},[25,121238,74203],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1109,121241,4931,121243,4934,121245,2262],{"id":121242},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[25,121244,77646],{},[25,121246,3546],{},[14,121248,121249],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1109,121251,4943,121253,121255],{"id":121252},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[25,121254,74203],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121257,121258],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1109,121260,28118,121262,121264],{"id":121261},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[25,121263,64091],{}," on a string?",[14,121266,46150,121267,121269,121270,39722],{},[25,121268,64091],{}," is a list method. Use ",[25,121271,121272],{},"sorted(string)",[1109,121274,11601,121276,1323,121278,121280],{"id":121275},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[25,121277,74203],{},[25,121279,64091],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121282,121283,121284,385],{},"Yes. Both support ",[25,121285,77870],{},[172,121287,1662],{"id":1661},[177,121289,121290,121296,121302,121306,121310],{},[180,121291,121292],{},[381,121293,858,121294,861],{"href":74300},[25,121295,74203],{},[180,121297,121298],{},[381,121299,858,121300,1689],{"href":74554},[25,121301,77646],{},[180,121303,121304],{},[381,121305,79652],{"href":78155},[180,121307,121308],{},[381,121309,120593],{"href":120592},[180,121311,121312],{},[381,121313,52551],{"href":50758},[1699,121315,121316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":121318},[121319,121320,121321,121325,121329,121332,121336,121340,121345,121355,121356,121357,121369],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":119387,"depth":53,"text":119388},{"id":117490,"depth":53,"text":119212,"children":121322},[121323],{"id":119454,"depth":70,"text":121324},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77712,"depth":53,"text":79674,"children":121326},[121327],{"id":119631,"depth":70,"text":121328},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119727,"depth":53,"text":119728,"children":121330},[121331],{"id":119753,"depth":70,"text":119754},{"id":119959,"depth":53,"text":121333,"children":121334},"When to use sorted()",[121335],{"id":119981,"depth":70,"text":119982},{"id":120116,"depth":53,"text":121337,"children":121338},"When to use list.sort()",[121339],{"id":120139,"depth":70,"text":120140},{"id":120253,"depth":53,"text":121341,"children":121342},"reverse and key work with both",[121343,121344],{"id":120284,"depth":70,"text":120285},{"id":120412,"depth":70,"text":120413},{"id":120596,"depth":53,"text":120597,"children":121346},[121347,121349,121351,121353],{"id":120603,"depth":70,"text":121348},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120727,"depth":70,"text":121350},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120876,"depth":70,"text":121352},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120927,"depth":70,"text":121354},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113494,"depth":53,"text":113495},{"id":121196,"depth":53,"text":121197},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":121358},[121359,121361,121363,121365,121367],{"id":121229,"depth":70,"text":121360},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121242,"depth":70,"text":121362},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121252,"depth":70,"text":121364},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121261,"depth":70,"text":121366},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121275,"depth":70,"text":121368},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119258,"description":121370},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121376,"title":41966,"body":121377,"description":123108,"extension":1730,"meta":123109,"navigation":107,"path":123110,"seo":123111,"stem":123112,"__hash__":123113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121378,"toc":123065},[121379,121384,121389,121395,121397,121452,121456,121479,121484,121489,121494,121496,121527,121530,121544,121546,121548,121563,121568,121572,121575,121626,121630,121644,121651,121655,121659,121714,121718,121741,121745,121801,121805,121828,121832,121887,121891,121914,121918,121985,121989,122024,122030,122035,122040,122042,122056,122058,122132,122136,122156,122161,122168,122171,122183,122185,122254,122258,122295,122298,122323,122330,122339,122342,122354,122360,122366,122368,122374,122379,122458,122462,122503,122507,122509,122536,122539,122562,122565,122571,122574,122611,122623,122630,122632,122683,122686,122718,122721,122723,122730,122732,122747,122749,122806,122810,122834,122836,122841,122857,122864,122868,122871,122954,122964,122966,122971,122974,122980,122983,122989,122992,122998,123001,123008,123016,123018,123062],[10,121380,858,121382,3344],{"id":121381},"python-str-function-explained",[25,121383,169],{},[14,121385,32108,121386,121388],{},[25,121387,169],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121390,121391,121392,121394],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[25,121393,169],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[172,121396,1771],{"id":1770},[18,121398,121400],{"className":20,"code":121399,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,121401,121402,121410,121424,121428,121438],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121403,121404,121406,121408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121405,807],{"class":34},[28,121407,39],{"class":38},[28,121409,812],{"class":97},[28,121411,121412,121414,121416,121418,121420,121422],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121413,84],{"class":34},[28,121415,39],{"class":38},[28,121417,90],{"class":89},[28,121419,94],{"class":93},[28,121421,835],{"class":120},[28,121423,101],{"class":93},[28,121425,121426],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121427,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,121429,121430,121432,121434,121436],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121431,115],{"class":114},[28,121433,94],{"class":93},[28,121435,157],{"class":120},[28,121437,101],{"class":93},[28,121439,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448,121450],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,121441,115],{"class":114},[28,121443,94],{"class":93},[28,121445,311],{"class":89},[28,121447,94],{"class":93},[28,121449,157],{"class":120},[28,121451,318],{"class":93},[14,121453,121454],{},[163,121455,336],{},[18,121457,121459],{"className":20,"code":121458,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,121460,121461,121465],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121462,121463],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121464,2477],{"class":97},[28,121466,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475,121477],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121468,346],{"class":38},[28,121470,350],{"class":349},[28,121472,61],{"class":42},[28,121474,355],{"class":46},[28,121476,358],{"class":42},[28,121478,361],{"class":38},[14,121480,1631,121481,121483],{},[25,121482,169],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[172,121485,3445,121487,3448],{"id":121486},"what-str-does",[25,121488,169],{},[14,121490,121491,121493],{},[25,121492,169],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121495,1875],{},[177,121497,121498,121505,121512,121519],{},[180,121499,121500,121501,41946,121503],{},"An integer like ",[25,121502,2099],{},[25,121504,1651],{},[180,121506,121507,121508,41946,121510],{},"A float like ",[25,121509,792],{},[25,121511,47876],{},[180,121513,121514,121515,41946,121517],{},"A boolean like ",[25,121516,777],{},[25,121518,6416],{},[180,121520,121521,121522,41946,121524],{},"A list like ",[25,121523,75025],{},[25,121525,121526],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121528,121529],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[177,121531,121532,121535,121538,121541],{},[180,121533,121534],{},"print it",[180,121536,121537],{},"combine it with other strings",[180,121539,121540],{},"save it to a file",[180,121542,121543],{},"use it in messages",[172,121545,1927],{"id":1926},[14,121547,6994],{},[18,121549,121551],{"className":20,"code":121550,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"str(object)\n",[25,121552,121553],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121554,121555,121557,121559,121561],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121556,355],{"class":89},[28,121558,94],{"class":93},[28,121560,42189],{"class":89},[28,121562,101],{"class":93},[14,121564,20559,121565,121567],{},[25,121566,42189],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121569,121570,8001],{},[25,121571,169],{},[14,121573,121574],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[18,121576,121578],{"className":20,"code":121577,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[25,121579,121580,121589,121612,121616],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121581,121582,121584,121586],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121583,4868],{"class":34},[28,121585,39],{"class":38},[28,121587,121588],{"class":97}," 100\n",[28,121590,121591,121593,121595,121597,121600,121602,121604,121606,121608,121610],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121592,56],{"class":34},[28,121594,39],{"class":38},[28,121596,43],{"class":42},[28,121598,121599],{"class":46},"Your score is ",[28,121601,234],{"class":42},[28,121603,828],{"class":38},[28,121605,90],{"class":89},[28,121607,94],{"class":93},[28,121609,85297],{"class":120},[28,121611,101],{"class":93},[28,121613,121614],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121615,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,121617,121618,121620,121622,121624],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121619,115],{"class":114},[28,121621,94],{"class":93},[28,121623,133],{"class":120},[28,121625,101],{"class":93},[14,121627,121628],{},[163,121629,336],{},[18,121631,121633],{"className":20,"code":121632,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Your score is 100\n",[25,121634,121635],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121636,121637,121640,121642],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121638,121639],{"class":34},"Your score ",[28,121641,11976],{"class":38},[28,121643,121588],{"class":97},[14,121645,2065,121646,121650],{},[381,121647,121648,2071],{"href":2068},[25,121649,270],{}," can help you check.",[172,121652,121654],{"id":121653},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1109,121656,121658],{"id":121657},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[18,121660,121662],{"className":20,"code":121661,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,121663,121664,121672,121686,121690,121700],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121665,121666,121668,121670],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121667,293],{"class":34},[28,121669,39],{"class":38},[28,121671,1470],{"class":97},[28,121673,121674,121676,121678,121680,121682,121684],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121675,84],{"class":34},[28,121677,39],{"class":38},[28,121679,90],{"class":89},[28,121681,94],{"class":93},[28,121683,331],{"class":120},[28,121685,101],{"class":93},[28,121687,121688],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121689,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,121691,121692,121694,121696,121698],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121693,115],{"class":114},[28,121695,94],{"class":93},[28,121697,157],{"class":120},[28,121699,101],{"class":93},[28,121701,121702,121704,121706,121708,121710,121712],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,121703,115],{"class":114},[28,121705,94],{"class":93},[28,121707,311],{"class":89},[28,121709,94],{"class":93},[28,121711,157],{"class":120},[28,121713,318],{"class":93},[14,121715,121716],{},[163,121717,336],{},[18,121719,121721],{"className":20,"code":121720,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,121722,121723,121727],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121724,121725],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121726,2145],{"class":97},[28,121728,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121730,346],{"class":38},[28,121732,350],{"class":349},[28,121734,61],{"class":42},[28,121736,355],{"class":46},[28,121738,358],{"class":42},[28,121740,361],{"class":38},[1109,121742,121744],{"id":121743},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[18,121746,121748],{"className":20,"code":121747,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,121749,121750,121759,121773,121777,121787],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121751,121752,121754,121756],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121753,40179],{"class":34},[28,121755,39],{"class":38},[28,121757,121758],{"class":97}," 3.14\n",[28,121760,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769,121771],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121762,84],{"class":34},[28,121764,39],{"class":38},[28,121766,90],{"class":89},[28,121768,94],{"class":93},[28,121770,24938],{"class":120},[28,121772,101],{"class":93},[28,121774,121775],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121776,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,121778,121779,121781,121783,121785],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121780,115],{"class":114},[28,121782,94],{"class":93},[28,121784,157],{"class":120},[28,121786,101],{"class":93},[28,121788,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,121790,115],{"class":114},[28,121792,94],{"class":93},[28,121794,311],{"class":89},[28,121796,94],{"class":93},[28,121798,157],{"class":120},[28,121800,318],{"class":93},[14,121802,121803],{},[163,121804,336],{},[18,121806,121808],{"className":20,"code":121807,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,121809,121810,121814],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121811,121812],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121813,39969],{"class":97},[28,121815,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121817,346],{"class":38},[28,121819,350],{"class":349},[28,121821,61],{"class":42},[28,121823,355],{"class":46},[28,121825,358],{"class":42},[28,121827,361],{"class":38},[1109,121829,121831],{"id":121830},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[18,121833,121835],{"className":20,"code":121834,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,121836,121837,121845,121859,121863,121873],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121838,121839,121841,121843],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121840,2216],{"class":34},[28,121842,39],{"class":38},[28,121844,6199],{"class":776},[28,121846,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121848,84],{"class":34},[28,121850,39],{"class":38},[28,121852,90],{"class":89},[28,121854,94],{"class":93},[28,121856,2242],{"class":120},[28,121858,101],{"class":93},[28,121860,121861],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121862,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,121864,121865,121867,121869,121871],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121866,115],{"class":114},[28,121868,94],{"class":93},[28,121870,157],{"class":120},[28,121872,101],{"class":93},[28,121874,121875,121877,121879,121881,121883,121885],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,121876,115],{"class":114},[28,121878,94],{"class":93},[28,121880,311],{"class":89},[28,121882,94],{"class":93},[28,121884,157],{"class":120},[28,121886,318],{"class":93},[14,121888,121889],{},[163,121890,336],{},[18,121892,121894],{"className":20,"code":121893,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,121895,121896,121900],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121897,121898],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121899,3749],{"class":776},[28,121901,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910,121912],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121903,346],{"class":38},[28,121905,350],{"class":349},[28,121907,61],{"class":42},[28,121909,355],{"class":46},[28,121911,358],{"class":42},[28,121913,361],{"class":38},[1109,121915,121917],{"id":121916},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[18,121919,121921],{"className":20,"code":121920,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,121922,121923,121943,121957,121961,121971],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121924,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939,121941],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121926,7555],{"class":34},[28,121928,39],{"class":38},[28,121930,3388],{"class":93},[28,121932,2756],{"class":97},[28,121934,2759],{"class":93},[28,121936,2762],{"class":97},[28,121938,2759],{"class":93},[28,121940,2221],{"class":97},[28,121942,3401],{"class":93},[28,121944,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,121946,84],{"class":34},[28,121948,39],{"class":38},[28,121950,90],{"class":89},[28,121952,94],{"class":93},[28,121954,7586],{"class":120},[28,121956,101],{"class":93},[28,121958,121959],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,121960,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,121962,121963,121965,121967,121969],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,121964,115],{"class":114},[28,121966,94],{"class":93},[28,121968,157],{"class":120},[28,121970,101],{"class":93},[28,121972,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981,121983],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,121974,115],{"class":114},[28,121976,94],{"class":93},[28,121978,311],{"class":89},[28,121980,94],{"class":93},[28,121982,157],{"class":120},[28,121984,318],{"class":93},[14,121986,121987],{},[163,121988,336],{},[18,121990,121992],{"className":20,"code":121991,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,121993,121994,122010],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,121995,121996,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006,122008],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,121997,3669],{"class":93},[28,121999,2756],{"class":97},[28,122001,2759],{"class":93},[28,122003,2762],{"class":97},[28,122005,2759],{"class":93},[28,122007,2221],{"class":97},[28,122009,3401],{"class":93},[28,122011,122012,122014,122016,122018,122020,122022],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122013,346],{"class":38},[28,122015,350],{"class":349},[28,122017,61],{"class":42},[28,122019,355],{"class":46},[28,122021,358],{"class":42},[28,122023,361],{"class":38},[14,122025,122026,122027,122029],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[163,122028,4402],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[172,122031,4734,122033],{"id":122032},"when-to-use-str",[25,122034,169],{},[14,122036,1631,122037,122039],{},[25,122038,169],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122041,36216],{},[177,122043,122044,122047,122050,122053],{},[180,122045,122046],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[180,122048,122049],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[180,122051,122052],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[180,122054,122055],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122057,924],{},[18,122059,122061],{"className":20,"code":122060,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[25,122062,122063,122075,122083,122087,122122],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122064,122065,122067,122069,122071,122073],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122066,35],{"class":34},[28,122068,39],{"class":38},[28,122070,43],{"class":42},[28,122072,11290],{"class":46},[28,122074,50],{"class":42},[28,122076,122077,122079,122081],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122078,807],{"class":34},[28,122080,39],{"class":38},[28,122082,812],{"class":97},[28,122084,122085],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122086,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122088,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113,122115,122117,122120],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122090,56],{"class":34},[28,122092,39],{"class":38},[28,122094,35758],{"class":34},[28,122096,1828],{"class":38},[28,122098,43],{"class":42},[28,122100,4556],{"class":46},[28,122102,234],{"class":42},[28,122104,828],{"class":38},[28,122106,90],{"class":89},[28,122108,94],{"class":93},[28,122110,835],{"class":120},[28,122112,3428],{"class":93},[28,122114,828],{"class":38},[28,122116,43],{"class":42},[28,122118,122119],{"class":46}," years old.",[28,122121,50],{"class":42},[28,122123,122124,122126,122128,122130],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,122125,115],{"class":114},[28,122127,94],{"class":93},[28,122129,133],{"class":120},[28,122131,101],{"class":93},[14,122133,122134],{},[163,122135,336],{},[18,122137,122139],{"className":20,"code":122138,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[25,122140,122141],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122142,122143,122146,122148,122150,122153],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122144,122145],{"class":34},"Maya ",[28,122147,11976],{"class":38},[28,122149,9084],{"class":97},[28,122151,122152],{"class":34}," years old",[28,122154,122155],{"class":93},".\n",[14,122157,122158,122159,385],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[381,122160,89467],{"href":89466},[172,122162,122164,10365,122166],{"id":122163},"str-vs-print",[25,122165,169],{},[25,122167,46237],{},[14,122169,122170],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[177,122172,122173,122178],{},[180,122174,122175,122177],{},[25,122176,169],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[180,122179,122180,122182],{},[25,122181,46237],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122184,924],{},[18,122186,122188],{"className":20,"code":122187,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[25,122189,122190,122198,122202,122216,122226,122240],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122191,122192,122194,122196],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122193,2216],{"class":34},[28,122195,39],{"class":38},[28,122197,2537],{"class":97},[28,122199,122200],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122201,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122203,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122205,84],{"class":34},[28,122207,39],{"class":38},[28,122209,90],{"class":89},[28,122211,94],{"class":93},[28,122213,2242],{"class":120},[28,122215,101],{"class":93},[28,122217,122218,122220,122222,122224],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122219,115],{"class":114},[28,122221,94],{"class":93},[28,122223,157],{"class":120},[28,122225,101],{"class":93},[28,122227,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236,122238],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,122229,115],{"class":114},[28,122231,94],{"class":93},[28,122233,311],{"class":89},[28,122235,94],{"class":93},[28,122237,157],{"class":120},[28,122239,318],{"class":93},[28,122241,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,122243,115],{"class":114},[28,122245,94],{"class":93},[28,122247,311],{"class":89},[28,122249,94],{"class":93},[28,122251,2242],{"class":120},[28,122253,318],{"class":93},[14,122255,122256],{},[163,122257,336],{},[18,122259,122261],{"className":20,"code":122260,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,122262,122263,122267,122281],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122264,122265],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122266,741],{"class":97},[28,122268,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277,122279],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122270,346],{"class":38},[28,122272,350],{"class":349},[28,122274,61],{"class":42},[28,122276,355],{"class":46},[28,122278,358],{"class":42},[28,122280,361],{"class":38},[28,122282,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291,122293],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122284,346],{"class":38},[28,122286,350],{"class":349},[28,122288,61],{"class":42},[28,122290,372],{"class":46},[28,122292,358],{"class":42},[28,122294,361],{"class":38},[14,122296,122297],{},"Notice:",[177,122299,122300,122306,122311],{},[180,122301,122302,122305],{},[25,122303,122304],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[180,122307,122308,122310],{},[25,122309,46237],{}," only displayed values",[180,122312,122313,122315,122316,122318,122319,61080,122321],{},[25,122314,46237],{}," did not change ",[25,122317,2242],{}," from ",[25,122320,372],{},[25,122322,355],{},[14,122324,122325,122326,385],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[381,122327,122328,2071],{"href":46234},[25,122329,46237],{},[172,122331,122333,10365,122335,122338],{"id":122332},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[25,122334,169],{},[25,122336,122337],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122340,122341],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[177,122343,122344,122349],{},[180,122345,122346,122348],{},[25,122347,169],{}," is the more readable text version",[180,122350,122351,122353],{},[25,122352,122337],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122355,122356,122357,122359],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[25,122358,169],{}," much more often.",[14,122361,122362,122363,122365],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[25,122364,169],{}," is usually the right choice.",[172,122367,4290],{"id":4289},[1109,122369,25563,122371,122373],{"id":122370},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[25,122372,169],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122375,122376,122378],{},[25,122377,169],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[18,122380,122382],{"className":20,"code":122381,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,122383,122384,122392,122406,122410,122420,122434,122444],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122385,122386,122388,122390],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122387,807],{"class":34},[28,122389,39],{"class":38},[28,122391,812],{"class":97},[28,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122395,84],{"class":34},[28,122397,39],{"class":38},[28,122399,90],{"class":89},[28,122401,94],{"class":93},[28,122403,835],{"class":120},[28,122405,101],{"class":93},[28,122407,122408],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122409,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122411,122412,122414,122416,122418],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122413,115],{"class":114},[28,122415,94],{"class":93},[28,122417,835],{"class":120},[28,122419,101],{"class":93},[28,122421,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,122423,115],{"class":114},[28,122425,94],{"class":93},[28,122427,311],{"class":89},[28,122429,94],{"class":93},[28,122431,835],{"class":120},[28,122433,318],{"class":93},[28,122435,122436,122438,122440,122442],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,122437,115],{"class":114},[28,122439,94],{"class":93},[28,122441,157],{"class":120},[28,122443,101],{"class":93},[28,122445,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,122447,115],{"class":114},[28,122449,94],{"class":93},[28,122451,311],{"class":89},[28,122453,94],{"class":93},[28,122455,157],{"class":120},[28,122457,318],{"class":93},[14,122459,122460],{},[163,122461,336],{},[18,122463,122465],{"className":20,"code":122464,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,122466,122467,122471,122485,122489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122468,122469],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122470,2477],{"class":97},[28,122472,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481,122483],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122474,346],{"class":38},[28,122476,350],{"class":349},[28,122478,61],{"class":42},[28,122480,372],{"class":46},[28,122482,358],{"class":42},[28,122484,361],{"class":38},[28,122486,122487],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122488,2477],{"class":97},[28,122490,122491,122493,122495,122497,122499,122501],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122492,346],{"class":38},[28,122494,350],{"class":349},[28,122496,61],{"class":42},[28,122498,355],{"class":46},[28,122500,358],{"class":42},[28,122502,361],{"class":38},[1109,122504,122506],{"id":122505},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122508,6463],{},[18,122510,122512],{"className":20,"code":122511,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[25,122513,122514,122522],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122515,122516,122518,122520],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122517,807],{"class":34},[28,122519,39],{"class":38},[28,122521,812],{"class":97},[28,122523,122524,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122525,84],{"class":34},[28,122527,39],{"class":38},[28,122529,90],{"class":89},[28,122531,94],{"class":93},[28,122533,835],{"class":120},[28,122535,101],{"class":93},[14,122537,122538],{},"But if you only do this:",[18,122540,122542],{"className":20,"code":122541,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[25,122543,122544,122552],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122545,122546,122548,122550],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122547,807],{"class":34},[28,122549,39],{"class":38},[28,122551,812],{"class":97},[28,122553,122554,122556,122558,122560],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122555,355],{"class":89},[28,122557,94],{"class":93},[28,122559,835],{"class":120},[28,122561,101],{"class":93},[14,122563,122564],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1109,122566,8194,122568,122570],{"id":122567},"using-str-too-early",[25,122569,169],{}," too early",[14,122572,122573],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[18,122575,122577],{"className":20,"code":122576,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[25,122578,122579,122587,122602,122606],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122580,122581,122583,122585],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122582,40179],{"class":34},[28,122584,39],{"class":38},[28,122586,1470],{"class":97},[28,122588,122589,122592,122594,122596,122598,122600],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122590,122591],{"class":34},"text_price ",[28,122593,39],{"class":38},[28,122595,90],{"class":89},[28,122597,94],{"class":93},[28,122599,24938],{"class":120},[28,122601,101],{"class":93},[28,122603,122604],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122605,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122607,122608],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122609,122610],{"class":1006},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122612,122613,122614,474,122618,122622],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[381,122615,122616],{"href":2642},[25,122617,2645],{},[381,122619,122620],{"href":2648},[25,122621,2651],{},", depending on the situation.",[1109,122624,8230,122626,122629],{"id":122625},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[25,122627,122628],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122631,64422],{},[18,122633,122635],{"className":20,"code":122634,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[25,122636,122637,122669],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665,122667],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122640,7555],{"class":34},[28,122642,39],{"class":38},[28,122644,3388],{"class":93},[28,122646,234],{"class":42},[28,122648,3849],{"class":46},[28,122650,234],{"class":42},[28,122652,2759],{"class":93},[28,122654,43],{"class":42},[28,122656,3858],{"class":46},[28,122658,234],{"class":42},[28,122660,2759],{"class":93},[28,122662,43],{"class":42},[28,122664,33012],{"class":46},[28,122666,234],{"class":42},[28,122668,3401],{"class":93},[28,122670,122671,122673,122675,122677,122679,122681],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122672,115],{"class":114},[28,122674,94],{"class":93},[28,122676,355],{"class":89},[28,122678,94],{"class":93},[28,122680,7586],{"class":120},[28,122682,318],{"class":93},[14,122684,122685],{},"prints:",[18,122687,122688],{"className":20,"code":72615,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,122689,122690],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122691,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712,122714,122716],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122693,3669],{"class":93},[28,122695,358],{"class":42},[28,122697,3849],{"class":46},[28,122699,358],{"class":42},[28,122701,2759],{"class":93},[28,122703,61],{"class":42},[28,122705,3858],{"class":46},[28,122707,358],{"class":42},[28,122709,2759],{"class":93},[28,122711,61],{"class":42},[28,122713,33012],{"class":46},[28,122715,358],{"class":42},[28,122717,3401],{"class":93},[14,122719,122720],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[172,122722,17205],{"id":17204},[14,122724,122725,21762,122727,385],{},[25,122726,169],{},[163,122728,122729],{},"new string",[14,122731,11239],{},[177,122733,122734,122737,122740],{},[180,122735,122736],{},"It always returns a string",[180,122738,122739],{},"It does not modify the original object",[180,122741,7538,122742,122746],{},[381,122743,122744],{"href":2068},[25,122745,270],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122748,924],{},[18,122750,122752],{"className":20,"code":122751,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[25,122753,122754,122762,122777,122781,122792],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122755,122756,122758,122760],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122757,2216],{"class":34},[28,122759,39],{"class":38},[28,122761,13916],{"class":97},[28,122763,122764,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122765,122766],{"class":34},"converted ",[28,122768,39],{"class":38},[28,122770,90],{"class":89},[28,122772,94],{"class":93},[28,122774,2242],{"class":120},[28,122776,101],{"class":93},[28,122778,122779],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122780,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122782,122783,122785,122787,122790],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122784,115],{"class":114},[28,122786,94],{"class":93},[28,122788,122789],{"class":120},"converted",[28,122791,101],{"class":93},[28,122793,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802,122804],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,122795,115],{"class":114},[28,122797,94],{"class":93},[28,122799,311],{"class":89},[28,122801,94],{"class":93},[28,122803,122789],{"class":120},[28,122805,318],{"class":93},[14,122807,122808],{},[163,122809,336],{},[18,122811,122813],{"className":20,"code":122812,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,122814,122815,122820],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122816,122817],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122818,122819],{"class":97},"99\n",[28,122821,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122823,346],{"class":38},[28,122825,350],{"class":349},[28,122827,61],{"class":42},[28,122829,355],{"class":46},[28,122831,358],{"class":42},[28,122833,361],{"class":38},[172,122835,113495],{"id":113494},[14,122837,122838,122839,74594],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[25,122840,169],{},[177,122842,122843,122846,122849,122854],{},[180,122844,122845],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[180,122847,122848],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[180,122850,8194,122851,122853],{},[25,122852,169],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[180,122855,122856],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122858,122859,122860,385],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[381,122861,25468,122862],{"href":1512},[25,122863,1513],{},[172,122865,122867],{"id":122866},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122869,122870],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[18,122872,122874],{"className":20,"code":122873,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[25,122875,122876,122884,122888,122898,122912,122916,122930,122940],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,122877,122878,122880,122882],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,122879,2216],{"class":34},[28,122881,39],{"class":38},[28,122883,812],{"class":97},[28,122885,122886],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,122887,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122889,122890,122892,122894,122896],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,122891,115],{"class":114},[28,122893,94],{"class":93},[28,122895,2242],{"class":120},[28,122897,101],{"class":93},[28,122899,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908,122910],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,122901,115],{"class":114},[28,122903,94],{"class":93},[28,122905,311],{"class":89},[28,122907,94],{"class":93},[28,122909,2242],{"class":120},[28,122911,318],{"class":93},[28,122913,122914],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,122915,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,122917,122918,122920,122922,122924,122926,122928],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,122919,122766],{"class":34},[28,122921,39],{"class":38},[28,122923,90],{"class":89},[28,122925,94],{"class":93},[28,122927,2242],{"class":120},[28,122929,101],{"class":93},[28,122931,122932,122934,122936,122938],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,122933,115],{"class":114},[28,122935,94],{"class":93},[28,122937,122789],{"class":120},[28,122939,101],{"class":93},[28,122941,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950,122952],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,122943,115],{"class":114},[28,122945,94],{"class":93},[28,122947,311],{"class":89},[28,122949,94],{"class":93},[28,122951,122789],{"class":120},[28,122953,318],{"class":93},[14,122955,122956,122957,1959,122959,122961,122962,385],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[25,122958,372],{},[25,122960,1962],{},", or another type into ",[25,122963,355],{},[172,122965,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,122967,4915,122969,4918],{"id":122968},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[25,122970,169],{},[14,122972,122973],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1109,122975,12487,122977,122979],{"id":122976},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[25,122978,169],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122981,122982],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1109,122984,4943,122986,122988],{"id":122985},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[25,122987,169],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122990,122991],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1109,122993,94359,122995,122997],{"id":122994},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[25,122996,169],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122999,123000],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1109,123002,14689,123004,56985,123006,2262],{"id":123003},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[25,123005,169],{},[25,123007,46237],{},[14,123009,46150,123010,123012,123013,123015],{},[25,123011,169],{}," converts to text. ",[25,123014,46237],{}," shows output.",[172,123017,1662],{"id":1661},[177,123019,123020,123026,123032,123038,123044,123052,123056],{},[180,123021,123022],{},[381,123023,123024,861],{"href":46234},[25,123025,46237],{},[180,123027,123028],{},[381,123029,123030,861],{"href":2068},[25,123031,270],{},[180,123033,123034],{},[381,123035,123036,861],{"href":2642},[25,123037,2645],{},[180,123039,123040],{},[381,123041,123042,861],{"href":2648},[25,123043,2651],{},[180,123045,123046],{},[381,123047,123048,123049,123051],{"href":864},"How to convert ",[25,123050,372],{}," to string in Python",[180,123053,123054],{},[381,123055,90451],{"href":89466},[180,123057,123058],{},[381,123059,30137,123060],{"href":1512},[25,123061,1513],{},[1699,123063,123064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":123066},[123067,123068,123070,123071,123077,123079,123081,123083,123092,123093,123094,123095,123107],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":121486,"depth":53,"text":123069},"What str() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":121653,"depth":53,"text":121654,"children":123072},[123073,123074,123075,123076],{"id":121657,"depth":70,"text":121658},{"id":121743,"depth":70,"text":121744},{"id":121830,"depth":70,"text":121831},{"id":121916,"depth":70,"text":121917},{"id":122032,"depth":53,"text":123078},"When to use str()",{"id":122163,"depth":53,"text":123080},"str() vs print()",{"id":122332,"depth":53,"text":123082},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":123084},[123085,123087,123088,123090],{"id":122370,"depth":70,"text":123086},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122505,"depth":70,"text":122506},{"id":122567,"depth":70,"text":123089},"Using str() too early",{"id":122625,"depth":70,"text":123091},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":113494,"depth":53,"text":113495},{"id":122866,"depth":53,"text":122867},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":123096},[123097,123099,123101,123103,123105],{"id":122968,"depth":70,"text":123098},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122976,"depth":70,"text":123100},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122985,"depth":70,"text":123102},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122994,"depth":70,"text":123104},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123003,"depth":70,"text":123106},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41966,"description":123108},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123115,"title":123116,"body":123117,"description":124570,"extension":1730,"meta":124571,"navigation":107,"path":124572,"seo":124573,"stem":124574,"__hash__":124575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123118,"toc":124532},[123119,123125,123131,123134,123156,123158,123220,123222,123235,123241,123246,123251,123253,123266,123277,123279,123306,123308,123325,123332,123343,123345,123350,123352,123364,123372,123381,123383,123386,123439,123441,123449,123457,123461,123466,123506,123508,123516,123519,123521,123561,123563,123571,123581,123587,123590,123663,123665,123678,123682,123687,123715,123718,123753,123755,123763,123766,123770,123774,123776,123792,123794,123834,123836,123844,123853,123896,123898,123906,123908,123912,123918,123921,123961,123963,123971,123976,123979,124022,124026,124029,124064,124069,124071,124110,124120,124128,124138,124146,124150,124155,124157,124198,124200,124208,124213,124216,124219,124237,124243,124247,124252,124255,124295,124297,124302,124401,124404,124420,124422,124441,124443,124450,124453,124459,124462,124468,124472,124478,124481,124487,124490,124492,124529],[10,123120,123122,123123,11102],{"id":123121},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[25,123124,57070],{},[14,123126,123127,123128,123130],{},"The Python string ",[25,123129,57070],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123132,123133],{},"This reference page explains:",[177,123135,123136,123140,123143,123145,123153],{},[180,123137,25808,123138,3448],{},[25,123139,57070],{},[180,123141,123142],{},"its syntax",[180,123144,35183],{},[180,123146,123147,123148,1323,123150,123152],{},"how ",[25,123149,35862],{},[25,123151,52440],{}," work",[180,123154,123155],{},"common beginner mistakes",[172,123157,1771],{"id":1770},[18,123159,123161],{"className":20,"code":123160,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[25,123162,123163,123175,123197],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123164,123165,123167,123169,123171,123173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123166,84],{"class":34},[28,123168,39],{"class":38},[28,123170,43],{"class":42},[28,123172,3858],{"class":46},[28,123174,50],{"class":42},[28,123176,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191,123193,123195],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123178,115],{"class":114},[28,123180,94],{"class":93},[28,123182,157],{"class":120},[28,123184,385],{"class":93},[28,123186,41052],{"class":120},[28,123188,94],{"class":93},[28,123190,234],{"class":42},[28,123192,381],{"class":46},[28,123194,234],{"class":42},[28,123196,318],{"class":93},[28,123198,123199,123201,123203,123205,123207,123209,123211,123213,123216,123218],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,123200,115],{"class":114},[28,123202,94],{"class":93},[28,123204,157],{"class":120},[28,123206,385],{"class":93},[28,123208,41052],{"class":120},[28,123210,94],{"class":93},[28,123212,234],{"class":42},[28,123214,123215],{"class":46},"na",[28,123217,234],{"class":42},[28,123219,318],{"class":93},[14,123221,336],{},[18,123223,123225],{"className":20,"code":123224,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"3\n2\n",[25,123226,123227,123231],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123228,123229],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123230,46400],{"class":97},[28,123232,123233],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123234,16842],{"class":97},[14,123236,1631,123237,123240],{},[25,123238,123239],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[172,123242,12780,123244,12783],{"id":123243},"what-the-count-method-does",[25,123245,57070],{},[14,123247,123248,123250],{},[25,123249,57070],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123252,12836],{},[177,123254,123255,123258,123261,123263],{},[180,123256,123257],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[180,123259,123260],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[180,123262,43446],{},[180,123264,123265],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123267,123268,123269,123271,123272,1959,123274,123276],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[25,123270,17883],{}," characters are in ",[25,123273,65053],{},[25,123275,57070],{}," is a simple choice.",[172,123278,1927],{"id":1926},[18,123280,123282],{"className":20,"code":123281,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[25,123283,123284],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123285,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123287,60953],{"class":34},[28,123289,385],{"class":93},[28,123291,41052],{"class":120},[28,123293,94],{"class":93},[28,123295,2242],{"class":120},[28,123297,2759],{"class":93},[28,123299,35841],{"class":120},[28,123301,2759],{"class":93},[28,123303,64819],{"class":120},[28,123305,101],{"class":93},[1109,123307,17181],{"id":17180},[177,123309,123310,123315,123320],{},[180,123311,123312,123314],{},[25,123313,2242],{},": the text to search for",[180,123316,123317,123319],{},[25,123318,35862],{},": optional; where counting begins",[180,123321,123322,123324],{},[25,123323,52440],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123326,123327,1323,123329,123331],{},[25,123328,35862],{},[25,123330,52440],{}," work like slice positions:",[177,123333,123334,123339],{},[180,123335,123336,123338],{},[25,123337,35862],{}," is included",[180,123340,123341,75520],{},[25,123342,52440],{},[172,123344,17205],{"id":17204},[14,123346,123347,123349],{},[25,123348,57070],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123351,1894],{},[177,123353,123354,123359],{},[180,123355,123356,123357],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[25,123358,1831],{},[180,123360,123361,123362],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[25,123363,1888],{},[14,123365,40698,123366,4934,123368,474,123370,385],{},[163,123367,4402],{},[25,123369,777],{},[25,123371,3441],{},[14,123373,123374,123375,123380],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[381,123376,123378,101369],{"href":123377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[25,123379,3651],{}," is often a better fit.",[172,123382,11256],{"id":11255},[14,123384,123385],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[18,123387,123389],{"className":20,"code":123388,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,123390,123391,123403,123425,123429],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123392,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123394,84],{"class":34},[28,123396,39],{"class":38},[28,123398,43],{"class":42},[28,123400,3849],{"class":46},[28,123402,50],{"class":42},[28,123404,123405,123407,123409,123411,123413,123415,123417,123419,123421,123423],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123406,1999],{"class":34},[28,123408,39],{"class":38},[28,123410,42632],{"class":34},[28,123412,385],{"class":93},[28,123414,41052],{"class":120},[28,123416,94],{"class":93},[28,123418,234],{"class":42},[28,123420,14],{"class":46},[28,123422,234],{"class":42},[28,123424,101],{"class":93},[28,123426,123427],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,123428,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,123430,123431,123433,123435,123437],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,123432,115],{"class":114},[28,123434,94],{"class":93},[28,123436,2033],{"class":120},[28,123438,101],{"class":93},[14,123440,336],{},[18,123442,123443],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123444,123445],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123446,123447],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123448,16842],{"class":97},[14,123450,63599,123451,123454,123455,385],{},[25,123452,123453],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[25,123456,57613],{},[172,123458,123460],{"id":123459},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123462,123463,123465],{},[25,123464,57070],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[18,123467,123469],{"className":20,"code":123468,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[25,123470,123471,123484],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123472,123473,123475,123477,123479,123482],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123474,84],{"class":34},[28,123476,39],{"class":38},[28,123478,43],{"class":42},[28,123480,123481],{"class":46},"cat dog cat bird cat",[28,123483,50],{"class":42},[28,123485,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123487,115],{"class":114},[28,123489,94],{"class":93},[28,123491,157],{"class":120},[28,123493,385],{"class":93},[28,123495,41052],{"class":120},[28,123497,94],{"class":93},[28,123499,234],{"class":42},[28,123501,36838],{"class":46},[28,123503,234],{"class":42},[28,123505,318],{"class":93},[14,123507,336],{},[18,123509,123510],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123511,123512],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123513,123514],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123515,46400],{"class":97},[14,123517,123518],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123520,924],{},[18,123522,123524],{"className":20,"code":123523,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[25,123525,123526,123539],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123527,123528,123530,123532,123534,123537],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123529,84],{"class":34},[28,123531,39],{"class":38},[28,123533,43],{"class":42},[28,123535,123536],{"class":46},"one One one",[28,123538,50],{"class":42},[28,123540,123541,123543,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123542,115],{"class":114},[28,123544,94],{"class":93},[28,123546,157],{"class":120},[28,123548,385],{"class":93},[28,123550,41052],{"class":120},[28,123552,94],{"class":93},[28,123554,234],{"class":42},[28,123556,6360],{"class":46},[28,123558,234],{"class":42},[28,123560,318],{"class":93},[14,123562,336],{},[18,123564,123565],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123566,123567],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123568,123569],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123570,16842],{"class":97},[14,123572,123573,123574,123577,123578,123580],{},"The uppercase ",[25,123575,123576],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[25,123579,57070],{}," is case-sensitive.",[172,123582,8194,123583,1323,123585],{"id":65185},[25,123584,35862],{},[25,123586,52440],{},[14,123588,123589],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[18,123591,123593],{"className":20,"code":123592,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[25,123594,123595,123607,123633],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123596,123597,123599,123601,123603,123605],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123598,84],{"class":34},[28,123600,39],{"class":38},[28,123602,43],{"class":42},[28,123604,3858],{"class":46},[28,123606,50],{"class":42},[28,123608,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123610,115],{"class":114},[28,123612,94],{"class":93},[28,123614,157],{"class":120},[28,123616,385],{"class":93},[28,123618,41052],{"class":120},[28,123620,94],{"class":93},[28,123622,234],{"class":42},[28,123624,381],{"class":46},[28,123626,234],{"class":42},[28,123628,2759],{"class":93},[28,123630,2762],{"class":97},[28,123632,318],{"class":93},[28,123634,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,123636,115],{"class":114},[28,123638,94],{"class":93},[28,123640,157],{"class":120},[28,123642,385],{"class":93},[28,123644,41052],{"class":120},[28,123646,94],{"class":93},[28,123648,234],{"class":42},[28,123650,381],{"class":46},[28,123652,234],{"class":42},[28,123654,2759],{"class":93},[28,123656,2762],{"class":97},[28,123658,2759],{"class":93},[28,123660,4376],{"class":97},[28,123662,318],{"class":93},[14,123664,336],{},[18,123666,123668],{"className":20,"code":123667,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"2\n1\n",[25,123669,123670,123674],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123671,123672],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123673,16842],{"class":97},[28,123675,123676],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123677,46700],{"class":97},[1109,123679,123681],{"id":123680},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123683,123684,123685,271],{},"In ",[25,123686,65053],{},[177,123688,123689,123697,123705],{},[180,123690,70744,123691,123693,123694],{},[25,123692,1825],{}," starts at the first ",[25,123695,123696],{},"\"n\"",[180,123698,123699,123702,123703,75818],{},[25,123700,123701],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[25,123704,1825],{},[180,123706,123707,123702,123710,123712,123713],{},[25,123708,123709],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[25,123711,1825],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[25,123714,1905],{},[14,123716,123717],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[18,123719,123721],{"className":20,"code":123720,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[25,123722,123723,123735],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123724,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123726,84],{"class":34},[28,123728,39],{"class":38},[28,123730,43],{"class":42},[28,123732,3858],{"class":46},[28,123734,50],{"class":42},[28,123736,123737,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123738,115],{"class":114},[28,123740,94],{"class":93},[28,123742,157],{"class":120},[28,123744,3669],{"class":93},[28,123746,1825],{"class":97},[28,123748,271],{"class":93},[28,123750,1905],{"class":97},[28,123752,3657],{"class":93},[14,123754,336],{},[18,123756,123757],{"className":20,"code":41261,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123758,123759],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123760,123761],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123762,41261],{"class":34},[14,123764,123765],{},"Only that section is searched.",[172,123767,123769],{"id":123768},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123771,123772,123580],{},[25,123773,57070],{},[14,123775,1875],{},[177,123777,123778,123786],{},[180,123779,123780,1323,123782,123785],{},[25,123781,17883],{},[25,123783,123784],{},"\"A\""," are different",[180,123787,123788,1323,123790,123785],{},[25,123789,1617],{},[25,123791,90186],{},[14,123793,924],{},[18,123795,123797],{"className":20,"code":123796,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[25,123798,123799,123812],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123800,123801,123803,123805,123807,123810],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123802,84],{"class":34},[28,123804,39],{"class":38},[28,123806,43],{"class":42},[28,123808,123809],{"class":46},"Apple apple APPLE",[28,123811,50],{"class":42},[28,123813,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123815,115],{"class":114},[28,123817,94],{"class":93},[28,123819,157],{"class":120},[28,123821,385],{"class":93},[28,123823,41052],{"class":120},[28,123825,94],{"class":93},[28,123827,234],{"class":42},[28,123829,3849],{"class":46},[28,123831,234],{"class":42},[28,123833,318],{"class":93},[14,123835,336],{},[18,123837,123838],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123839,123840],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123841,123842],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123843,46700],{"class":97},[14,123845,123846,123847,271],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[381,123848,123850],{"href":123849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[25,123851,123852],{},"lower()",[18,123854,123856],{"className":20,"code":123855,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[25,123857,123858,123870],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123859,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123861,84],{"class":34},[28,123863,39],{"class":38},[28,123865,43],{"class":42},[28,123867,123809],{"class":46},[28,123869,50],{"class":42},[28,123871,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123873,115],{"class":114},[28,123875,94],{"class":93},[28,123877,157],{"class":120},[28,123879,385],{"class":93},[28,123881,8417],{"class":120},[28,123883,8414],{"class":93},[28,123885,41052],{"class":120},[28,123887,94],{"class":93},[28,123889,234],{"class":42},[28,123891,3849],{"class":46},[28,123893,234],{"class":42},[28,123895,318],{"class":93},[14,123897,336],{},[18,123899,123900],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123901,123902],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123903,123904],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123905,46400],{"class":97},[172,123907,1104],{"id":1103},[14,123909,22882,123910,385],{},[25,123911,57070],{},[1109,123913,8230,123915,123917],{"id":123914},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[25,123916,57070],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123919,123920],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[18,123922,123924],{"className":20,"code":123923,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[25,123925,123926,123939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123927,123928,123930,123932,123934,123937],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123929,84],{"class":34},[28,123931,39],{"class":38},[28,123933,43],{"class":42},[28,123935,123936],{"class":46},"Aardvark",[28,123938,50],{"class":42},[28,123940,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123942,115],{"class":114},[28,123944,94],{"class":93},[28,123946,157],{"class":120},[28,123948,385],{"class":93},[28,123950,41052],{"class":120},[28,123952,94],{"class":93},[28,123954,234],{"class":42},[28,123956,381],{"class":46},[28,123958,234],{"class":42},[28,123960,318],{"class":93},[14,123962,336],{},[18,123964,123965],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,123966,123967],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123968,123969],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123970,16842],{"class":97},[14,123972,123573,123973,123975],{},[25,123974,123784],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123977,123978],{},"If needed, convert first:",[18,123980,123982],{"className":20,"code":123981,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[25,123983,123984,123996],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,123985,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,123987,84],{"class":34},[28,123989,39],{"class":38},[28,123991,43],{"class":42},[28,123993,123936],{"class":46},[28,123995,50],{"class":42},[28,123997,123998,124000,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,123999,115],{"class":114},[28,124001,94],{"class":93},[28,124003,157],{"class":120},[28,124005,385],{"class":93},[28,124007,8417],{"class":120},[28,124009,8414],{"class":93},[28,124011,41052],{"class":120},[28,124013,94],{"class":93},[28,124015,234],{"class":42},[28,124017,381],{"class":46},[28,124019,234],{"class":42},[28,124021,318],{"class":93},[1109,124023,124025],{"id":124024},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124027,124028],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[18,124030,124032],{"className":20,"code":124031,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[25,124033,124034,124046],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,124035,124036,124038,124040,124042,124044],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,124037,84],{"class":34},[28,124039,39],{"class":38},[28,124041,43],{"class":42},[28,124043,3858],{"class":46},[28,124045,50],{"class":42},[28,124047,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,124049,115],{"class":114},[28,124051,94],{"class":93},[28,124053,157],{"class":120},[28,124055,385],{"class":93},[28,124057,41052],{"class":120},[28,124059,94],{"class":93},[28,124061,381],{"class":120},[28,124063,318],{"class":93},[14,124065,124066,124067,385],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[25,124068,381],{},[14,124070,1142],{},[18,124072,124074],{"className":20,"code":124073,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[25,124075,124076,124088],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,124077,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,124079,84],{"class":34},[28,124081,39],{"class":38},[28,124083,43],{"class":42},[28,124085,3858],{"class":46},[28,124087,50],{"class":42},[28,124089,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,124091,115],{"class":114},[28,124093,94],{"class":93},[28,124095,157],{"class":120},[28,124097,385],{"class":93},[28,124099,41052],{"class":120},[28,124101,94],{"class":93},[28,124103,234],{"class":42},[28,124105,381],{"class":46},[28,124107,234],{"class":42},[28,124109,318],{"class":93},[1109,124111,36995,124113,8482,124115,474,124118],{"id":124112},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[25,124114,57070],{},[25,124116,124117],{},"find()",[25,124119,58748],{},[14,124121,1631,124122,124124,124125,385],{},[25,124123,57070],{}," when you need the ",[163,124126,124127],{},"number of matches",[14,124129,1631,124130,124124,124135,124137],{},[381,124131,124133],{"href":124132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[25,124134,124117],{},[163,124136,64725],{}," of the first match.",[14,124139,1631,124140,124145],{},[381,124141,124143],{"href":124142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[25,124144,58748],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1109,124147,124149],{"id":124148},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124151,124152,124154],{},[25,124153,57070],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124156,924],{},[18,124158,124160],{"className":20,"code":124159,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[25,124161,124162,124175],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,124163,124164,124166,124168,124170,124173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,124165,84],{"class":34},[28,124167,39],{"class":38},[28,124169,43],{"class":42},[28,124171,124172],{"class":46},"aaaa",[28,124174,50],{"class":42},[28,124176,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124194,124196],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,124178,115],{"class":114},[28,124180,94],{"class":93},[28,124182,157],{"class":120},[28,124184,385],{"class":93},[28,124186,41052],{"class":120},[28,124188,94],{"class":93},[28,124190,234],{"class":42},[28,124192,124193],{"class":46},"aa",[28,124195,234],{"class":42},[28,124197,318],{"class":93},[14,124199,336],{},[18,124201,124202],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,124203,124204],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,124205,124206],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,124207,16842],{"class":97},[14,124209,124210,124211,385],{},"It does not return ",[25,124212,1831],{},[14,124214,124215],{},"Why not?",[14,124217,124218],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[177,124220,124221,124230],{},[180,124222,124223,124226,124227],{},[25,124224,124225],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[25,124228,124229],{},"0-1",[180,124231,124232,124226,124234],{},[25,124233,124225],{},[25,124235,124236],{},"2-3",[14,124238,124239,124240,385],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[25,124241,124242],{},"1-2",[172,124244,4734,124245],{"id":58153},[25,124246,57070],{},[14,124248,1631,124249,124251],{},[25,124250,57070],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124253,124254],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[177,124256,124257,124266,124276,124286],{},[180,124258,1631,124259,124261,124262,124265],{},[25,124260,57070],{}," when you need ",[163,124263,124264],{},"how many times"," something appears",[180,124267,1631,124268,124261,124272,124275],{},[381,124269,124270],{"href":124132},[25,124271,124117],{},[163,124273,124274],{},"where"," it appears",[180,124277,47592,124278,124282,124283],{},[381,124279,124280,101369],{"href":123377},[25,124281,3651],{}," when you only need to know ",[163,124284,124285],{},"if it exists",[180,124287,1631,124288,124294],{},[381,124289,124291],{"href":124290},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[25,124292,124293],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[172,124296,25731],{"id":25730},[14,124298,8653,124299,124301],{},[25,124300,57070],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[18,124303,124305],{"className":20,"code":124304,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[25,124306,124307,124317,124331,124353,124379],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,124308,124309,124311,124313,124315],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,124310,115],{"class":114},[28,124312,94],{"class":93},[28,124314,157],{"class":120},[28,124316,101],{"class":93},[28,124318,124319,124321,124323,124325,124327,124329],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,124320,115],{"class":114},[28,124322,94],{"class":93},[28,124324,311],{"class":89},[28,124326,94],{"class":93},[28,124328,157],{"class":120},[28,124330,318],{"class":93},[28,124332,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,124334,115],{"class":114},[28,124336,94],{"class":93},[28,124338,157],{"class":120},[28,124340,385],{"class":93},[28,124342,41052],{"class":120},[28,124344,94],{"class":93},[28,124346,234],{"class":42},[28,124348,381],{"class":46},[28,124350,234],{"class":42},[28,124352,318],{"class":93},[28,124354,124355,124357,124359,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373,124375,124377],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,124356,115],{"class":114},[28,124358,94],{"class":93},[28,124360,157],{"class":120},[28,124362,385],{"class":93},[28,124364,8417],{"class":120},[28,124366,8414],{"class":93},[28,124368,41052],{"class":120},[28,124370,94],{"class":93},[28,124372,234],{"class":42},[28,124374,381],{"class":46},[28,124376,234],{"class":42},[28,124378,318],{"class":93},[28,124380,124381,124383,124385,124387,124389,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,124382,115],{"class":114},[28,124384,94],{"class":93},[28,124386,157],{"class":120},[28,124388,385],{"class":93},[28,124390,41052],{"class":120},[28,124392,94],{"class":93},[28,124394,234],{"class":42},[28,124396,123215],{"class":46},[28,124398,234],{"class":42},[28,124400,318],{"class":93},[14,124402,124403],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[177,124405,124406,124409,124414,124417],{},[180,124407,124408],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[180,124410,124411,124413],{},[25,124412,157],{}," not being a string",[180,124415,124416],{},"counting the wrong substring",[180,124418,124419],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124421,58642],{},[177,124423,124424,124427,124430,124433],{},[180,124425,124426],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[180,124428,124429],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[180,124431,124432],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[180,124434,50271,124435,44418,124437,474,124439,73090],{},[25,124436,57070],{},[25,124438,124117],{},[25,124440,3651],{},[172,124442,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,124444,124446,124447,124449],{"id":124445},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[25,124448,57070],{}," change the original string?",[14,124451,124452],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1109,124454,14689,124456,124458],{"id":124455},"is-count-case-sensitive",[25,124457,57070],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124460,124461],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1109,124463,4915,124465,124467],{"id":124464},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[25,124466,57070],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124469,4921,124470,385],{},[25,124471,1888],{},[1109,124473,4943,124475,124477],{"id":124474},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[25,124476,57070],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124479,124480],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1109,124482,12487,124484,124486],{"id":124483},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[25,124485,57070],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124488,124489],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[172,124491,1662],{"id":1661},[177,124493,124494,124501,124508,124515,124522],{},[180,124495,124496],{},[381,124497,124498],{"href":124132},[25,124499,124500],{},"Python string find() method",[180,124502,124503],{},[381,124504,124505],{"href":124142},[25,124506,124507],{},"Python string index() method",[180,124509,124510],{},[381,124511,124512],{"href":123849},[25,124513,124514],{},"Python string lower() method",[180,124516,124517],{},[381,124518,124519],{"href":123377},[25,124520,124521],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[180,124523,124524],{},[381,124525,124526],{"href":124290},[25,124527,124528],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1699,124530,124531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html 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does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":124538},[124539],{"id":17180,"depth":70,"text":17181},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":123459,"depth":53,"text":123460},{"id":65185,"depth":53,"text":65968,"children":124544},[124545],{"id":123680,"depth":70,"text":123681},{"id":123768,"depth":53,"text":123769},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":124548},[124549,124551,124552,124554],{"id":123914,"depth":70,"text":124550},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124024,"depth":70,"text":124025},{"id":124112,"depth":70,"text":124553},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124148,"depth":70,"text":124149},{"id":58153,"depth":53,"text":58784},{"id":25730,"depth":53,"text":25731},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":124558},[124559,124561,124563,124565,124567],{"id":124445,"depth":70,"text":124560},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124455,"depth":70,"text":124562},"Is count() 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Method",{"type":7,"value":125983,"toc":127857},[125984,125990,125995,126003,126005,126072,126074,126086,126095,126100,126104,126121,126123,126188,126190,126202,126207,126209,126237,126258,126261,126300,126302,126310,126314,126318,126322,126330,126333,126374,126376,126384,126387,126444,126446,126454,126458,126463,126507,126509,126517,126526,126530,126535,126583,126585,126593,126599,126601,126605,126617,126622,126701,126703,126723,126727,126731,126771,126773,126781,126785,126828,126830,126838,126842,126882,126884,126892,126896,126952,126954,126962,126968,126970,126974,126984,127051,127053,127066,127073,127116,127118,127126,127130,127133,127189,127191,127199,127202,127204,127281,127283,127291,127300,127302,127306,127310,127312,127334,127337,127384,127388,127427,127429,127437,127439,127481,127488,127493,127555,127557,127569,127575,127580,127629,127631,127650,127656,127658,127677,127679,127770,127772,127778,127785,127791,127797,127802,127811,127818,127826,127828,127854],[10,125985,123122,125987,11102],{"id":125986},"python-string-endswith-method",[25,125988,125989],{},"endswith()",[14,125991,123127,125992,125994],{},[25,125993,125989],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,125996,125997,125998,474,126000,126002],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[25,125999,777],{},[25,126001,3441],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[172,126004,1771],{"id":1770},[18,126006,126008],{"className":20,"code":126007,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[25,126009,126010,126024,126049],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126011,126012,126015,126017,126019,126022],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126013,126014],{"class":34},"filename ",[28,126016,39],{"class":38},[28,126018,43],{"class":42},[28,126020,126021],{"class":46},"report.csv",[28,126023,50],{"class":42},[28,126025,126026,126028,126030,126033,126035,126038,126040,126042,126045,126047],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126027,115],{"class":114},[28,126029,94],{"class":93},[28,126031,126032],{"class":120},"filename",[28,126034,385],{"class":93},[28,126036,126037],{"class":120},"endswith",[28,126039,94],{"class":93},[28,126041,234],{"class":42},[28,126043,126044],{"class":46},".csv",[28,126046,234],{"class":42},[28,126048,318],{"class":93},[28,126050,126051,126053,126055,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065,126068,126070],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,126052,115],{"class":114},[28,126054,94],{"class":93},[28,126056,126032],{"class":120},[28,126058,385],{"class":93},[28,126060,126037],{"class":120},[28,126062,94],{"class":93},[28,126064,234],{"class":42},[28,126066,126067],{"class":46},".txt",[28,126069,234],{"class":42},[28,126071,318],{"class":93},[14,126073,336],{},[18,126075,126076],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126077,126078,126082],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126079,126080],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126081,3749],{"class":776},[28,126083,126084],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126085,3810],{"class":776},[14,126087,1631,126088,5144,126090,474,126092,126094],{},[25,126089,125989],{},[25,126091,777],{},[25,126093,3441],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[172,126096,3445,126098,3448],{"id":126097},"what-endswith-does",[25,126099,125989],{},[14,126101,126102,271],{},[25,126103,125989],{},[177,126105,126106,126109,126115,126118],{},[180,126107,126108],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[180,126110,11204,126111,474,126113],{},[25,126112,777],{},[25,126114,3441],{},[180,126116,126117],{},"Does not change the original string",[180,126119,126120],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126122,924],{},[18,126124,126126],{"className":20,"code":126125,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[25,126127,126128,126140,126144,126166],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126129,126130,126132,126134,126136,126138],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126131,84],{"class":34},[28,126133,39],{"class":38},[28,126135,43],{"class":42},[28,126137,60187],{"class":46},[28,126139,50],{"class":42},[28,126141,126142],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126143,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,126145,126146,126148,126150,126152,126154,126156,126158,126160,126162,126164],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,126147,115],{"class":114},[28,126149,94],{"class":93},[28,126151,157],{"class":120},[28,126153,385],{"class":93},[28,126155,126037],{"class":120},[28,126157,94],{"class":93},[28,126159,234],{"class":42},[28,126161,60372],{"class":46},[28,126163,234],{"class":42},[28,126165,318],{"class":93},[28,126167,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180,126182,126184,126186],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,126169,115],{"class":114},[28,126171,94],{"class":93},[28,126173,157],{"class":120},[28,126175,385],{"class":93},[28,126177,126037],{"class":120},[28,126179,94],{"class":93},[28,126181,234],{"class":42},[28,126183,238],{"class":46},[28,126185,234],{"class":42},[28,126187,318],{"class":93},[14,126189,336],{},[18,126191,126192],{"className":20,"code":43962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126193,126194,126198],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126195,126196],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126197,3749],{"class":776},[28,126199,126200],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126201,3810],{"class":776},[14,126203,126204,126205,385],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[381,126206,384],{"href":383},[172,126208,1927],{"id":1926},[18,126210,126212],{"className":20,"code":126211,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[25,126213,126214],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126215,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224,126227,126229,126231,126233,126235],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126217,60953],{"class":34},[28,126219,385],{"class":93},[28,126221,126037],{"class":120},[28,126223,94],{"class":93},[28,126225,126226],{"class":120},"suffix",[28,126228,2759],{"class":93},[28,126230,35841],{"class":120},[28,126232,2759],{"class":93},[28,126234,64819],{"class":120},[28,126236,101],{"class":93},[177,126238,126239,126244,126251],{},[180,126240,126241,126243],{},[25,126242,126226],{}," is required",[180,126245,126246,1323,126248,126250],{},[25,126247,35862],{},[25,126249,52440],{}," are optional",[180,126252,126253,1323,126255,126257],{},[25,126254,35862],{},[25,126256,52440],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126259,126260],{},"Basic example:",[18,126262,126264],{"className":20,"code":126263,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[25,126265,126266,126278],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126267,126268,126270,126272,126274,126276],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126269,126014],{"class":34},[28,126271,39],{"class":38},[28,126273,43],{"class":42},[28,126275,86672],{"class":46},[28,126277,50],{"class":42},[28,126279,126280,126282,126284,126286,126288,126290,126292,126294,126296,126298],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126281,115],{"class":114},[28,126283,94],{"class":93},[28,126285,126032],{"class":120},[28,126287,385],{"class":93},[28,126289,126037],{"class":120},[28,126291,94],{"class":93},[28,126293,234],{"class":42},[28,126295,126067],{"class":46},[28,126297,234],{"class":42},[28,126299,318],{"class":93},[14,126301,336],{},[18,126303,126304],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126305,126306],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126307,126308],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126309,3749],{"class":776},[172,126311,126313],{"id":126312},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1109,126315,126316],{"id":126226},[25,126317,126226],{},[14,126319,126320,30540],{},[25,126321,126226],{},[177,126323,126324,126327],{},[180,126325,126326],{},"A single string",[180,126328,126329],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126331,126332],{},"Single suffix:",[18,126334,126336],{"className":20,"code":126335,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[25,126337,126338,126351],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126339,126340,126342,126344,126346,126349],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126341,35],{"class":34},[28,126343,39],{"class":38},[28,126345,43],{"class":42},[28,126347,126348],{"class":46},"image.png",[28,126350,50],{"class":42},[28,126352,126353,126355,126357,126359,126361,126363,126365,126367,126370,126372],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126354,115],{"class":114},[28,126356,94],{"class":93},[28,126358,121],{"class":120},[28,126360,385],{"class":93},[28,126362,126037],{"class":120},[28,126364,94],{"class":93},[28,126366,234],{"class":42},[28,126368,126369],{"class":46},".png",[28,126371,234],{"class":42},[28,126373,318],{"class":93},[14,126375,336],{},[18,126377,126378],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126379,126380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126381,126382],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126383,3749],{"class":776},[14,126385,126386],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[18,126388,126390],{"className":20,"code":126389,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[25,126391,126392,126404],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126393,126394,126396,126398,126400,126402],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126395,35],{"class":34},[28,126397,39],{"class":38},[28,126399,43],{"class":42},[28,126401,126348],{"class":46},[28,126403,50],{"class":42},[28,126405,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418,126420,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431,126433,126435,126437,126440,126442],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126407,115],{"class":114},[28,126409,94],{"class":93},[28,126411,121],{"class":120},[28,126413,385],{"class":93},[28,126415,126037],{"class":120},[28,126417,5286],{"class":93},[28,126419,234],{"class":42},[28,126421,126422],{"class":46},".jpg",[28,126424,234],{"class":42},[28,126426,2759],{"class":93},[28,126428,43],{"class":42},[28,126430,126369],{"class":46},[28,126432,234],{"class":42},[28,126434,2759],{"class":93},[28,126436,43],{"class":42},[28,126438,126439],{"class":46},".gif",[28,126441,234],{"class":42},[28,126443,2679],{"class":93},[14,126445,336],{},[18,126447,126448],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126449,126450],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126451,126452],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126453,3749],{"class":776},[1109,126455,126456],{"id":35862},[25,126457,35862],{},[14,126459,126460,126462],{},[25,126461,35862],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[18,126464,126466],{"className":20,"code":126465,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[25,126467,126468,126481],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126469,126470,126472,126474,126476,126479],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126471,84],{"class":34},[28,126473,39],{"class":38},[28,126475,43],{"class":42},[28,126477,126478],{"class":46},"my_report.csv",[28,126480,50],{"class":42},[28,126482,126483,126485,126487,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499,126501,126503,126505],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126484,115],{"class":114},[28,126486,94],{"class":93},[28,126488,157],{"class":120},[28,126490,385],{"class":93},[28,126492,126037],{"class":120},[28,126494,94],{"class":93},[28,126496,234],{"class":42},[28,126498,126044],{"class":46},[28,126500,234],{"class":42},[28,126502,2759],{"class":93},[28,126504,2221],{"class":97},[28,126506,318],{"class":93},[14,126508,336],{},[18,126510,126511],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126512,126513],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126514,126515],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126516,3749],{"class":776},[14,126518,126519,126520,126522,126523,385],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[25,126521,1831],{}," onward, which is ",[25,126524,126525],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1109,126527,126528],{"id":52440},[25,126529,52440],{},[14,126531,126532,126534],{},[25,126533,52440],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[18,126536,126538],{"className":20,"code":126537,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[25,126539,126540,126553],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126541,126542,126544,126546,126548,126551],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126543,84],{"class":34},[28,126545,39],{"class":38},[28,126547,43],{"class":42},[28,126549,126550],{"class":46},"report.csv backup",[28,126552,50],{"class":42},[28,126554,126555,126557,126559,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575,126577,126579,126581],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126556,115],{"class":114},[28,126558,94],{"class":93},[28,126560,157],{"class":120},[28,126562,385],{"class":93},[28,126564,126037],{"class":120},[28,126566,94],{"class":93},[28,126568,234],{"class":42},[28,126570,126044],{"class":46},[28,126572,234],{"class":42},[28,126574,2759],{"class":93},[28,126576,3602],{"class":97},[28,126578,2759],{"class":93},[28,126580,5781],{"class":97},[28,126582,318],{"class":93},[14,126584,336],{},[18,126586,126587],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126588,126589],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126590,126591],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126592,3749],{"class":776},[14,126594,126595,126596,126598],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[25,126597,126525],{}," and ignores the rest.",[172,126600,17205],{"id":17204},[14,126602,126603,25297],{},[25,126604,125989],{},[177,126606,126607,126612],{},[180,126608,126609,126611],{},[25,126610,777],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[180,126613,126614,126616],{},[25,126615,3441],{}," if it does not",[14,126618,126619,126620,6948],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[25,126621,6773],{},[18,126623,126625],{"className":20,"code":126624,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[25,126626,126627,126640,126644,126665,126680,126686],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126628,126629,126631,126633,126635,126638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126630,126014],{"class":34},[28,126632,39],{"class":38},[28,126634,43],{"class":42},[28,126636,126637],{"class":46},"data.csv",[28,126639,50],{"class":42},[28,126641,126642],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126643,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,126645,126646,126648,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,126647,6773],{"class":3644},[28,126649,126650],{"class":34}," filename",[28,126652,385],{"class":93},[28,126654,126037],{"class":120},[28,126656,94],{"class":93},[28,126658,234],{"class":42},[28,126660,126044],{"class":46},[28,126662,234],{"class":42},[28,126664,8118],{"class":93},[28,126666,126667,126669,126671,126673,126676,126678],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,126668,7844],{"class":114},[28,126670,94],{"class":93},[28,126672,234],{"class":42},[28,126674,126675],{"class":46},"This is a CSV file.",[28,126677,234],{"class":42},[28,126679,101],{"class":93},[28,126681,126682,126684],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,126683,27223],{"class":3644},[28,126685,6170],{"class":93},[28,126687,126688,126690,126692,126694,126697,126699],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,126689,7844],{"class":114},[28,126691,94],{"class":93},[28,126693,234],{"class":42},[28,126695,126696],{"class":46},"This is not a CSV file.",[28,126698,234],{"class":42},[28,126700,101],{"class":93},[14,126702,336],{},[18,126704,126706],{"className":20,"code":126705,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"This is a CSV file.\n",[25,126707,126708],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126709,126710,126712,126714,126716,126719,126721],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126711,49660],{"class":34},[28,126713,11976],{"class":38},[28,126715,44333],{"class":34},[28,126717,126718],{"class":1044},"CSV",[28,126720,86413],{"class":86412},[28,126722,122155],{"class":93},[172,126724,126726],{"id":126725},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1109,126728,126730],{"id":126729},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[18,126732,126734],{"className":20,"code":126733,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[25,126735,126736,126749],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126737,126738,126740,126742,126744,126747],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126739,126014],{"class":34},[28,126741,39],{"class":38},[28,126743,43],{"class":42},[28,126745,126746],{"class":46},"sales.csv",[28,126748,50],{"class":42},[28,126750,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126752,115],{"class":114},[28,126754,94],{"class":93},[28,126756,126032],{"class":120},[28,126758,385],{"class":93},[28,126760,126037],{"class":120},[28,126762,94],{"class":93},[28,126764,234],{"class":42},[28,126766,126044],{"class":46},[28,126768,234],{"class":42},[28,126770,318],{"class":93},[14,126772,336],{},[18,126774,126775],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126776,126777],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126778,126779],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126780,3749],{"class":776},[1109,126782,126784],{"id":126783},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[18,126786,126788],{"className":20,"code":126787,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[25,126789,126790,126804],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126791,126792,126795,126797,126799,126802],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126793,126794],{"class":34},"url ",[28,126796,39],{"class":38},[28,126798,43],{"class":42},[28,126800,126801],{"class":46},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[28,126803,50],{"class":42},[28,126805,126806,126808,126810,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821,126824,126826],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126807,115],{"class":114},[28,126809,94],{"class":93},[28,126811,126812],{"class":120},"url",[28,126814,385],{"class":93},[28,126816,126037],{"class":120},[28,126818,94],{"class":93},[28,126820,234],{"class":42},[28,126822,126823],{"class":46},"\u002F",[28,126825,234],{"class":42},[28,126827,318],{"class":93},[14,126829,336],{},[18,126831,126832],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126833,126834],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126835,126836],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126837,3749],{"class":776},[1109,126839,126841],{"id":126840},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[18,126843,126845],{"className":20,"code":126844,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[25,126846,126847,126860],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126848,126849,126851,126853,126855,126858],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126850,56],{"class":34},[28,126852,39],{"class":38},[28,126854,43],{"class":42},[28,126856,126857],{"class":46},"Hello!",[28,126859,50],{"class":42},[28,126861,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126876,126878,126880],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126863,115],{"class":114},[28,126865,94],{"class":93},[28,126867,133],{"class":120},[28,126869,385],{"class":93},[28,126871,126037],{"class":120},[28,126873,94],{"class":93},[28,126875,234],{"class":42},[28,126877,89622],{"class":46},[28,126879,234],{"class":42},[28,126881,318],{"class":93},[14,126883,336],{},[18,126885,126886],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126887,126888],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126889,126890],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126891,3749],{"class":776},[1109,126893,126895],{"id":126894},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[18,126897,126899],{"className":20,"code":126898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[25,126900,126901,126914],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126902,126903,126905,126907,126909,126912],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126904,126014],{"class":34},[28,126906,39],{"class":38},[28,126908,43],{"class":42},[28,126910,126911],{"class":46},"photo.jpg",[28,126913,50],{"class":42},[28,126915,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,126917,115],{"class":114},[28,126919,94],{"class":93},[28,126921,126032],{"class":120},[28,126923,385],{"class":93},[28,126925,126037],{"class":120},[28,126927,5286],{"class":93},[28,126929,234],{"class":42},[28,126931,126422],{"class":46},[28,126933,234],{"class":42},[28,126935,2759],{"class":93},[28,126937,43],{"class":42},[28,126939,126369],{"class":46},[28,126941,234],{"class":42},[28,126943,2759],{"class":93},[28,126945,43],{"class":42},[28,126947,126439],{"class":46},[28,126949,234],{"class":42},[28,126951,2679],{"class":93},[14,126953,336],{},[18,126955,126956],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,126957,126958],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126959,126960],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126961,3749],{"class":776},[14,126963,126964,126965,385],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[381,126966,126967],{"href":123377},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[172,126969,123769],{"id":123768},[14,126971,126972,123580],{},[25,126973,125989],{},[14,126975,126976,126977,1323,126980,126983],{},"That means ",[25,126978,126979],{},"\".CSV\"",[25,126981,126982],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[18,126985,126987],{"className":20,"code":126986,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[25,126988,126989,127002,127006,127028],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,126990,126991,126993,126995,126997,127000],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,126992,126014],{"class":34},[28,126994,39],{"class":38},[28,126996,43],{"class":42},[28,126998,126999],{"class":46},"REPORT.CSV",[28,127001,50],{"class":42},[28,127003,127004],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127005,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,127007,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,127009,115],{"class":114},[28,127011,94],{"class":93},[28,127013,126032],{"class":120},[28,127015,385],{"class":93},[28,127017,126037],{"class":120},[28,127019,94],{"class":93},[28,127021,234],{"class":42},[28,127023,126044],{"class":46},[28,127025,234],{"class":42},[28,127027,318],{"class":93},[28,127029,127030,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127047,127049],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,127031,115],{"class":114},[28,127033,94],{"class":93},[28,127035,126032],{"class":120},[28,127037,385],{"class":93},[28,127039,126037],{"class":120},[28,127041,94],{"class":93},[28,127043,234],{"class":42},[28,127045,127046],{"class":46},".CSV",[28,127048,234],{"class":42},[28,127050,318],{"class":93},[14,127052,336],{},[18,127054,127056],{"className":20,"code":127055,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"False\nTrue\n",[25,127057,127058,127062],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127059,127060],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127061,3810],{"class":776},[28,127063,127064],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127065,3749],{"class":776},[14,127067,127068,127069,385],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[381,127070,127071],{"href":123849},[25,127072,123852],{},[18,127074,127076],{"className":20,"code":127075,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[25,127077,127078,127090],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127079,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127081,126014],{"class":34},[28,127083,39],{"class":38},[28,127085,43],{"class":42},[28,127087,126999],{"class":46},[28,127089,50],{"class":42},[28,127091,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127093,115],{"class":114},[28,127095,94],{"class":93},[28,127097,126032],{"class":120},[28,127099,385],{"class":93},[28,127101,8417],{"class":120},[28,127103,8414],{"class":93},[28,127105,126037],{"class":120},[28,127107,94],{"class":93},[28,127109,234],{"class":42},[28,127111,126044],{"class":46},[28,127113,234],{"class":42},[28,127115,318],{"class":93},[14,127117,336],{},[18,127119,127120],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,127121,127122],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127123,127124],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127125,3749],{"class":776},[172,127127,127129],{"id":127128},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127131,127132],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[18,127134,127136],{"className":20,"code":127135,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[25,127137,127138,127151],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127139,127140,127142,127144,127146,127149],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127141,126014],{"class":34},[28,127143,39],{"class":38},[28,127145,43],{"class":42},[28,127147,127148],{"class":46},"picture.gif",[28,127150,50],{"class":42},[28,127152,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127154,115],{"class":114},[28,127156,94],{"class":93},[28,127158,126032],{"class":120},[28,127160,385],{"class":93},[28,127162,126037],{"class":120},[28,127164,5286],{"class":93},[28,127166,234],{"class":42},[28,127168,126422],{"class":46},[28,127170,234],{"class":42},[28,127172,2759],{"class":93},[28,127174,43],{"class":42},[28,127176,126369],{"class":46},[28,127178,234],{"class":42},[28,127180,2759],{"class":93},[28,127182,43],{"class":42},[28,127184,126439],{"class":46},[28,127186,234],{"class":42},[28,127188,2679],{"class":93},[14,127190,336],{},[18,127192,127193],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,127194,127195],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127196,127197],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127198,3749],{"class":776},[14,127200,127201],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127203,51859],{},[18,127205,127207],{"className":20,"code":127206,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[25,127208,127209,127222,127257,127261],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127210,127211,127214,127216,127218,127220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127212,127213],{"class":34},"document ",[28,127215,39],{"class":38},[28,127217,43],{"class":42},[28,127219,86672],{"class":46},[28,127221,50],{"class":42},[28,127223,127224,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127244,127246,127248,127250,127253,127255],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127225,127226],{"class":34},"allowed ",[28,127228,39],{"class":38},[28,127230,9015],{"class":93},[28,127232,234],{"class":42},[28,127234,126067],{"class":46},[28,127236,234],{"class":42},[28,127238,2759],{"class":93},[28,127240,43],{"class":42},[28,127242,127243],{"class":46},".md",[28,127245,234],{"class":42},[28,127247,2759],{"class":93},[28,127249,43],{"class":42},[28,127251,127252],{"class":46},".docx",[28,127254,234],{"class":42},[28,127256,101],{"class":93},[28,127258,127259],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,127260,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,127262,127263,127265,127267,127270,127272,127274,127276,127279],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,127264,115],{"class":114},[28,127266,94],{"class":93},[28,127268,127269],{"class":120},"document",[28,127271,385],{"class":93},[28,127273,126037],{"class":120},[28,127275,94],{"class":93},[28,127277,127278],{"class":120},"allowed",[28,127280,318],{"class":93},[14,127282,336],{},[18,127284,127285],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,127286,127287],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127288,127289],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127290,3749],{"class":776},[14,127292,127293,127294,385],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[381,127295,1685,127297,1689],{"href":127296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[25,127298,127299],{},"startswith()",[172,127301,1104],{"id":1103},[14,127303,8224,127304,385],{},[25,127305,125989],{},[1109,127307,127309],{"id":127308},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127311,4297],{},[18,127313,127315],{"className":20,"code":127314,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[25,127316,127317,127329],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127318,127319,127321,127323,127325,127327],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127320,126014],{"class":34},[28,127322,39],{"class":38},[28,127324,43],{"class":42},[28,127326,126911],{"class":46},[28,127328,50],{"class":42},[28,127330,127331],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127332,127333],{"class":1006},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127335,127336],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[18,127338,127340],{"className":20,"code":127339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[25,127341,127342,127354],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127343,127344,127346,127348,127350,127352],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127345,126014],{"class":34},[28,127347,39],{"class":38},[28,127349,43],{"class":42},[28,127351,126911],{"class":46},[28,127353,50],{"class":42},[28,127355,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127357,115],{"class":114},[28,127359,94],{"class":93},[28,127361,126032],{"class":120},[28,127363,385],{"class":93},[28,127365,126037],{"class":120},[28,127367,5286],{"class":93},[28,127369,234],{"class":42},[28,127371,126422],{"class":46},[28,127373,234],{"class":42},[28,127375,2759],{"class":93},[28,127377,43],{"class":42},[28,127379,126369],{"class":46},[28,127381,234],{"class":42},[28,127383,2679],{"class":93},[1109,127385,127387],{"id":127386},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[18,127389,127391],{"className":20,"code":127390,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[25,127392,127393,127405],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127394,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127396,126014],{"class":34},[28,127398,39],{"class":38},[28,127400,43],{"class":42},[28,127402,126999],{"class":46},[28,127404,50],{"class":42},[28,127406,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127408,115],{"class":114},[28,127410,94],{"class":93},[28,127412,126032],{"class":120},[28,127414,385],{"class":93},[28,127416,126037],{"class":120},[28,127418,94],{"class":93},[28,127420,234],{"class":42},[28,127422,126044],{"class":46},[28,127424,234],{"class":42},[28,127426,318],{"class":93},[14,127428,336],{},[18,127430,127431],{"className":20,"code":3810,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,127432,127433],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127434,127435],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127436,3810],{"class":776},[14,127438,39054],{},[18,127440,127441],{"className":20,"code":127075,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,127442,127443,127455],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127444,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127446,126014],{"class":34},[28,127448,39],{"class":38},[28,127450,43],{"class":42},[28,127452,126999],{"class":46},[28,127454,50],{"class":42},[28,127456,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127458,115],{"class":114},[28,127460,94],{"class":93},[28,127462,126032],{"class":120},[28,127464,385],{"class":93},[28,127466,8417],{"class":120},[28,127468,8414],{"class":93},[28,127470,126037],{"class":120},[28,127472,94],{"class":93},[28,127474,234],{"class":42},[28,127476,126044],{"class":46},[28,127478,234],{"class":42},[28,127480,318],{"class":93},[1109,127482,36995,127484,8482,127486],{"id":127483},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[25,127485,125989],{},[25,127487,3651],{},[14,127489,127490,127492],{},[25,127491,125989],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[18,127494,127496],{"className":20,"code":127495,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[25,127497,127498,127511,127515,127537],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127499,127500,127502,127504,127506,127509],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127501,84],{"class":34},[28,127503,39],{"class":38},[28,127505,43],{"class":42},[28,127507,127508],{"class":46},"my_report.csv.backup",[28,127510,50],{"class":42},[28,127512,127513],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127514,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,127516,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,127518,115],{"class":114},[28,127520,94],{"class":93},[28,127522,157],{"class":120},[28,127524,385],{"class":93},[28,127526,126037],{"class":120},[28,127528,94],{"class":93},[28,127530,234],{"class":42},[28,127532,126044],{"class":46},[28,127534,234],{"class":42},[28,127536,318],{"class":93},[28,127538,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551,127553],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,127540,115],{"class":114},[28,127542,94],{"class":93},[28,127544,234],{"class":42},[28,127546,126044],{"class":46},[28,127548,234],{"class":42},[28,127550,20961],{"class":3644},[28,127552,42632],{"class":120},[28,127554,101],{"class":93},[14,127556,336],{},[18,127558,127559],{"className":20,"code":127055,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,127560,127561,127565],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127562,127563],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127564,3810],{"class":776},[28,127566,127567],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127568,3749],{"class":776},[1109,127570,8230,127572,127574],{"id":127571},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[25,127573,125989],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127576,127577,127579],{},[25,127578,125989],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[18,127581,127583],{"className":20,"code":127582,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[25,127584,127585,127597,127619],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127586,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127588,126014],{"class":34},[28,127590,39],{"class":38},[28,127592,43],{"class":42},[28,127594,126021],{"class":46},[28,127596,50],{"class":42},[28,127598,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127600,115],{"class":114},[28,127602,94],{"class":93},[28,127604,126032],{"class":120},[28,127606,385],{"class":93},[28,127608,126037],{"class":120},[28,127610,94],{"class":93},[28,127612,234],{"class":42},[28,127614,126044],{"class":46},[28,127616,234],{"class":42},[28,127618,318],{"class":93},[28,127620,127621,127623,127625,127627],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,127622,115],{"class":114},[28,127624,94],{"class":93},[28,127626,126032],{"class":120},[28,127628,101],{"class":93},[14,127630,336],{},[18,127632,127634],{"className":20,"code":127633,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nreport.csv\n",[25,127635,127636,127640],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127637,127638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127639,3749],{"class":776},[28,127641,127642,127645,127647],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127643,127644],{"class":34},"report",[28,127646,385],{"class":93},[28,127648,127649],{"class":24538},"csv\n",[14,127651,127652,127653,385],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[381,127654,127655],{"href":124290},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127657,65842],{},[177,127659,127660,127663,127666,127669],{},[180,127661,127662],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[180,127664,127665],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[180,127667,127668],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[180,127670,8194,127671,44418,127673,474,127675,111320],{},[25,127672,125989],{},[25,127674,124293],{},[25,127676,41446],{},[14,127678,29925],{},[18,127680,127682],{"className":20,"code":127681,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[25,127683,127684,127694,127708,127730,127756],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127685,127686,127688,127690,127692],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127687,115],{"class":114},[28,127689,94],{"class":93},[28,127691,157],{"class":120},[28,127693,101],{"class":93},[28,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127697,115],{"class":114},[28,127699,94],{"class":93},[28,127701,1574],{"class":114},[28,127703,94],{"class":93},[28,127705,157],{"class":120},[28,127707,318],{"class":93},[28,127709,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,127711,115],{"class":114},[28,127713,94],{"class":93},[28,127715,157],{"class":120},[28,127717,385],{"class":93},[28,127719,126037],{"class":120},[28,127721,94],{"class":93},[28,127723,358],{"class":42},[28,127725,126044],{"class":46},[28,127727,358],{"class":42},[28,127729,318],{"class":93},[28,127731,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,127733,115],{"class":114},[28,127735,94],{"class":93},[28,127737,157],{"class":120},[28,127739,385],{"class":93},[28,127741,8417],{"class":120},[28,127743,8414],{"class":93},[28,127745,126037],{"class":120},[28,127747,94],{"class":93},[28,127749,358],{"class":42},[28,127751,126044],{"class":46},[28,127753,358],{"class":42},[28,127755,318],{"class":93},[28,127757,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,127759,115],{"class":114},[28,127761,94],{"class":93},[28,127763,311],{"class":89},[28,127765,94],{"class":93},[28,127767,157],{"class":120},[28,127769,318],{"class":93},[172,127771,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,127773,12487,127775,127777],{"id":127774},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[25,127776,125989],{}," change the string?",[14,127779,127780,127781,474,127783,385],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[25,127782,777],{},[25,127784,3441],{},[1109,127786,4943,127788,127790],{"id":127787},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[25,127789,125989],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127792,127793,127794,385],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[25,127795,127796],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1109,127798,14689,127800,124458],{"id":127799},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[25,127801,125989],{},[14,127803,127804,127805,474,127807,127810],{},"Yes. Use ",[25,127806,123852],{},[25,127808,127809],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1109,127812,4953,127814,1323,127816,2262],{"id":127813},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[25,127815,125989],{},[25,127817,124117],{},[14,127819,127820,127822,127823,127825],{},[25,127821,125989],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[25,127824,124117],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[172,127827,1662],{"id":1661},[177,127829,127830,127836,127842,127846,127850],{},[180,127831,127832],{},[381,127833,1685,127834,1689],{"href":127296},[25,127835,127299],{},[180,127837,127838],{},[381,127839,1685,127840,1689],{"href":123849},[25,127841,123852],{},[180,127843,127844],{},[381,127845,124521],{"href":123377},[180,127847,127848],{},[381,127849,124528],{"href":124290},[180,127851,127852],{},[381,127853,384],{"href":383},[1699,127855,127856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":127858},[127859,127860,127862,127863,127868,127869,127875,127876,127877,127885,127895],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":126097,"depth":53,"text":127861},"What endswith() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":126312,"depth":53,"text":126313,"children":127864},[127865,127866,127867],{"id":126226,"depth":70,"text":126226},{"id":35862,"depth":70,"text":35862},{"id":52440,"depth":70,"text":52440},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":126725,"depth":53,"text":126726,"children":127870},[127871,127872,127873,127874],{"id":126729,"depth":70,"text":126730},{"id":126783,"depth":70,"text":126784},{"id":126840,"depth":70,"text":126841},{"id":126894,"depth":70,"text":126895},{"id":123768,"depth":53,"text":123769},{"id":127128,"depth":53,"text":127129},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":127878},[127879,127880,127881,127883],{"id":127308,"depth":70,"text":127309},{"id":127386,"depth":70,"text":127387},{"id":127483,"depth":70,"text":127882},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127571,"depth":70,"text":127884},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":127886},[127887,127889,127891,127893],{"id":127774,"depth":70,"text":127888},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127787,"depth":70,"text":127890},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127799,"depth":70,"text":127892},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127813,"depth":70,"text":127894},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125981,"description":127896},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127903,"title":127904,"body":127905,"description":129573,"extension":1730,"meta":129574,"navigation":107,"path":129575,"seo":129576,"stem":129577,"__hash__":129578},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127906,"toc":129546},[127907,127912,127917,127922,127927,128020,128030,128035,128040,128055,128057,128139,128147,128149,128151,128178,128180,128196,128203,128205,128313,128315,128320,128336,128338,128433,128441,128444,128450,128455,128460,128467,128606,128609,128622,128624,128628,128635,128705,128708,128757,128764,128771,128785,128790,128795,128841,128887,128903,128905,128910,128924,128927,129049,129054,129056,129061,129094,129097,129173,129175,129184,129198,129201,129285,129288,129399,129402,129430,129432,129439,129443,129449,129452,129458,129461,129468,129479,129485,129492,129494,129543],[10,127908,123122,127910,11102],{"id":127909},"python-string-find-method",[25,127911,124117],{},[14,127913,123127,127914,127916],{},[25,127915,124117],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,127918,127919,127920,385],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[25,127921,65633],{},[14,127923,1631,127924,127926],{},[25,127925,124117],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[18,127928,127930],{"className":20,"code":127929,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[25,127931,127932,127944,127967,127980,127984,128007],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,127933,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,127935,84],{"class":34},[28,127937,39],{"class":38},[28,127939,43],{"class":42},[28,127941,60187],{"class":46},[28,127943,50],{"class":42},[28,127945,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,127947,64698],{"class":34},[28,127949,39],{"class":38},[28,127951,42632],{"class":34},[28,127953,385],{"class":93},[28,127955,127956],{"class":120},"find",[28,127958,94],{"class":93},[28,127960,234],{"class":42},[28,127962,60372],{"class":46},[28,127964,234],{"class":42},[28,127966,101],{"class":93},[28,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,127970,115],{"class":114},[28,127972,94],{"class":93},[28,127974,64725],{"class":120},[28,127976,3428],{"class":93},[28,127978,127979],{"class":1006},"   # 6\n",[28,127981,127982],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,127983,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,127985,127986,127989,127991,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001,128003,128005],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,127987,127988],{"class":34},"missing ",[28,127990,39],{"class":38},[28,127992,42632],{"class":34},[28,127994,385],{"class":93},[28,127996,127956],{"class":120},[28,127998,94],{"class":93},[28,128000,234],{"class":42},[28,128002,22],{"class":46},[28,128004,234],{"class":42},[28,128006,101],{"class":93},[28,128008,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,128010,115],{"class":114},[28,128012,94],{"class":93},[28,128014,26562],{"class":120},[28,128016,3428],{"class":93},[28,128018,128019],{"class":1006},"    # -1\n",[43368,128021,128022],{},[14,128023,1631,128024,128026,128027,128029],{},[25,128025,124117],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[25,128028,65633],{}," if the substring is not found.",[172,128031,3445,128033,3448],{"id":128032},"what-find-does",[25,128034,124117],{},[14,128036,128037,128039],{},[25,128038,124117],{}," is a string method that:",[177,128041,128042,128045,128048,128053],{},[180,128043,128044],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[180,128046,128047],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[180,128049,11204,128050,128052],{},[25,128051,65633],{}," if no match is found",[180,128054,126117],{},[14,128056,924],{},[18,128058,128060],{"className":20,"code":128059,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[25,128061,128062,128074,128078,128102,128126],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128063,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128065,84],{"class":34},[28,128067,39],{"class":38},[28,128069,43],{"class":42},[28,128071,3858],{"class":46},[28,128073,50],{"class":42},[28,128075,128076],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128077,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128079,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128081,115],{"class":114},[28,128083,94],{"class":93},[28,128085,157],{"class":120},[28,128087,385],{"class":93},[28,128089,127956],{"class":120},[28,128091,94],{"class":93},[28,128093,234],{"class":42},[28,128095,123215],{"class":46},[28,128097,234],{"class":42},[28,128099,5136],{"class":93},[28,128101,57425],{"class":1006},[28,128103,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,128105,115],{"class":114},[28,128107,94],{"class":93},[28,128109,157],{"class":120},[28,128111,385],{"class":93},[28,128113,127956],{"class":120},[28,128115,94],{"class":93},[28,128117,234],{"class":42},[28,128119,1944],{"class":46},[28,128121,234],{"class":42},[28,128123,5136],{"class":93},[28,128125,128019],{"class":1006},[28,128127,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,128129,115],{"class":114},[28,128131,94],{"class":93},[28,128133,157],{"class":120},[28,128135,3428],{"class":93},[28,128137,128138],{"class":1006},"              # banana\n",[14,128140,20559,128141,128144,128145,385],{},[25,128142,128143],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[25,128146,1825],{},[172,128148,1927],{"id":1926},[14,128150,1930],{},[18,128152,128154],{"className":20,"code":128153,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[25,128155,128156],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128157,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128159,60953],{"class":34},[28,128161,385],{"class":93},[28,128163,127956],{"class":120},[28,128165,94],{"class":93},[28,128167,2242],{"class":120},[28,128169,2759],{"class":93},[28,128171,35841],{"class":120},[28,128173,2759],{"class":93},[28,128175,64819],{"class":120},[28,128177,101],{"class":93},[1109,128179,17181],{"id":17180},[177,128181,128182,128186,128191],{},[180,128183,128184,123314],{},[25,128185,2242],{},[180,128187,128188,128190],{},[25,128189,35862],{},": optional starting position",[180,128192,128193,128195],{},[25,128194,52440],{},": optional ending position",[14,128197,128198,1323,128200,128202],{},[25,128199,35862],{},[25,128201,52440],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128204,126260],{},[18,128206,128208],{"className":20,"code":128207,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[25,128209,128210,128222,128226,128251,128280],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128211,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128213,84],{"class":34},[28,128215,39],{"class":38},[28,128217,43],{"class":42},[28,128219,60187],{"class":46},[28,128221,50],{"class":42},[28,128223,128224],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128225,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128227,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244,128246,128248],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128229,115],{"class":114},[28,128231,94],{"class":93},[28,128233,157],{"class":120},[28,128235,385],{"class":93},[28,128237,127956],{"class":120},[28,128239,94],{"class":93},[28,128241,234],{"class":42},[28,128243,60254],{"class":46},[28,128245,234],{"class":42},[28,128247,5136],{"class":93},[28,128249,128250],{"class":1006},"        # 4\n",[28,128252,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,128254,115],{"class":114},[28,128256,94],{"class":93},[28,128258,157],{"class":120},[28,128260,385],{"class":93},[28,128262,127956],{"class":120},[28,128264,94],{"class":93},[28,128266,234],{"class":42},[28,128268,60254],{"class":46},[28,128270,234],{"class":42},[28,128272,2759],{"class":93},[28,128274,4376],{"class":97},[28,128276,5136],{"class":93},[28,128278,128279],{"class":1006},"     # 7\n",[28,128281,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,128283,115],{"class":114},[28,128285,94],{"class":93},[28,128287,157],{"class":120},[28,128289,385],{"class":93},[28,128291,127956],{"class":120},[28,128293,94],{"class":93},[28,128295,234],{"class":42},[28,128297,60254],{"class":46},[28,128299,234],{"class":42},[28,128301,2759],{"class":93},[28,128303,4376],{"class":97},[28,128305,2759],{"class":93},[28,128307,5770],{"class":97},[28,128309,5136],{"class":93},[28,128311,128312],{"class":1006},"  # -1\n",[172,128314,37812],{"id":37811},[14,128316,57324,128317,128319],{},[25,128318,124117],{}," is always an integer.",[177,128321,128322,128328,128331],{},[180,128323,128324,128325,128327],{},"A number ",[25,128326,1888],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[180,128329,128330],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[180,128332,128333,128335],{},[25,128334,65633],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128337,924],{},[18,128339,128341],{"className":20,"code":128340,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[25,128342,128343,128355,128359,128384,128409],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128344,128345,128347,128349,128351,128353],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128346,84],{"class":34},[28,128348,39],{"class":38},[28,128350,43],{"class":42},[28,128352,22],{"class":46},[28,128354,50],{"class":42},[28,128356,128357],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128358,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128360,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128378,128380,128382],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128362,115],{"class":114},[28,128364,94],{"class":93},[28,128366,157],{"class":120},[28,128368,385],{"class":93},[28,128370,127956],{"class":120},[28,128372,94],{"class":93},[28,128374,234],{"class":42},[28,128376,128377],{"class":46},"py",[28,128379,234],{"class":42},[28,128381,5136],{"class":93},[28,128383,20556],{"class":1006},[28,128385,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128403,128405,128407],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,128387,115],{"class":114},[28,128389,94],{"class":93},[28,128391,157],{"class":120},[28,128393,385],{"class":93},[28,128395,127956],{"class":120},[28,128397,94],{"class":93},[28,128399,234],{"class":42},[28,128401,128402],{"class":46},"th",[28,128404,234],{"class":42},[28,128406,5136],{"class":93},[28,128408,57425],{"class":1006},[28,128410,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,128412,115],{"class":114},[28,128414,94],{"class":93},[28,128416,157],{"class":120},[28,128418,385],{"class":93},[28,128420,127956],{"class":120},[28,128422,94],{"class":93},[28,128424,234],{"class":42},[28,128426,21864],{"class":46},[28,128428,234],{"class":42},[28,128430,5136],{"class":93},[28,128432,128019],{"class":1006},[14,128434,89684,128435,8233,128437,474,128439,385],{},[25,128436,124117],{},[25,128438,777],{},[25,128440,3441],{},[14,128442,128443],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[172,128445,8194,128446,1323,128448],{"id":65185},[25,128447,35862],{},[25,128449,52440],{},[14,128451,1631,128452,128454],{},[25,128453,35862],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128456,1631,128457,128459],{},[25,128458,52440],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128461,679,128462,75241,128464,128466],{},[25,128463,52440],{},[163,128465,64848],{}," in the search.",[18,128468,128470],{"className":20,"code":128469,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[25,128471,128472,128485,128489,128513,128542,128574],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128473,128474,128476,128478,128480,128483],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128475,84],{"class":34},[28,128477,39],{"class":38},[28,128479,43],{"class":42},[28,128481,128482],{"class":46},"one two three two",[28,128484,50],{"class":42},[28,128486,128487],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128488,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128490,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128492,115],{"class":114},[28,128494,94],{"class":93},[28,128496,157],{"class":120},[28,128498,385],{"class":93},[28,128500,127956],{"class":120},[28,128502,94],{"class":93},[28,128504,234],{"class":42},[28,128506,79050],{"class":46},[28,128508,234],{"class":42},[28,128510,5136],{"class":93},[28,128512,128250],{"class":1006},[28,128514,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,128516,115],{"class":114},[28,128518,94],{"class":93},[28,128520,157],{"class":120},[28,128522,385],{"class":93},[28,128524,127956],{"class":120},[28,128526,94],{"class":93},[28,128528,234],{"class":42},[28,128530,79050],{"class":46},[28,128532,234],{"class":42},[28,128534,2759],{"class":93},[28,128536,4376],{"class":97},[28,128538,5136],{"class":93},[28,128540,128541],{"class":1006},"     # 14\n",[28,128543,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,128545,115],{"class":114},[28,128547,94],{"class":93},[28,128549,157],{"class":120},[28,128551,385],{"class":93},[28,128553,127956],{"class":120},[28,128555,94],{"class":93},[28,128557,234],{"class":42},[28,128559,79050],{"class":46},[28,128561,234],{"class":42},[28,128563,2759],{"class":93},[28,128565,3602],{"class":97},[28,128567,2759],{"class":93},[28,128569,5770],{"class":97},[28,128571,5136],{"class":93},[28,128573,50715],{"class":1006},[28,128575,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,128577,115],{"class":114},[28,128579,94],{"class":93},[28,128581,157],{"class":120},[28,128583,385],{"class":93},[28,128585,127956],{"class":120},[28,128587,94],{"class":93},[28,128589,234],{"class":42},[28,128591,79050],{"class":46},[28,128593,234],{"class":42},[28,128595,2759],{"class":93},[28,128597,3602],{"class":97},[28,128599,2759],{"class":93},[28,128601,2226],{"class":97},[28,128603,5136],{"class":93},[28,128605,128312],{"class":1006},[14,128607,128608],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128610,128611,128612,54849,128616,385],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[381,128613,128615],{"href":128614},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[381,128617,128619,128621],{"href":128618},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[25,128620,60312],{}," string method",[172,128623,123769],{"id":123768},[14,128625,128626,123580],{},[25,128627,124117],{},[14,128629,126976,128630,1323,128632,128634],{},[25,128631,90186],{},[25,128633,1617],{}," are treated as different text.",[18,128636,128638],{"className":20,"code":128637,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[25,128639,128640,128653,128657,128681],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128651],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128643,84],{"class":34},[28,128645,39],{"class":38},[28,128647,43],{"class":42},[28,128649,128650],{"class":46},"Hello World",[28,128652,50],{"class":42},[28,128654,128655],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128656,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128658,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128660,115],{"class":114},[28,128662,94],{"class":93},[28,128664,157],{"class":120},[28,128666,385],{"class":93},[28,128668,127956],{"class":120},[28,128670,94],{"class":93},[28,128672,234],{"class":42},[28,128674,64],{"class":46},[28,128676,234],{"class":42},[28,128678,5136],{"class":93},[28,128680,51026],{"class":1006},[28,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,128684,115],{"class":114},[28,128686,94],{"class":93},[28,128688,157],{"class":120},[28,128690,385],{"class":93},[28,128692,127956],{"class":120},[28,128694,94],{"class":93},[28,128696,234],{"class":42},[28,128698,238],{"class":46},[28,128700,234],{"class":42},[28,128702,5136],{"class":93},[28,128704,128312],{"class":1006},[14,128706,128707],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[18,128709,128711],{"className":20,"code":128710,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[25,128712,128713,128725,128729],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128714,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128716,84],{"class":34},[28,128718,39],{"class":38},[28,128720,43],{"class":42},[28,128722,128650],{"class":46},[28,128724,50],{"class":42},[28,128726,128727],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128728,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128730,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128732,115],{"class":114},[28,128734,94],{"class":93},[28,128736,157],{"class":120},[28,128738,385],{"class":93},[28,128740,8417],{"class":120},[28,128742,8414],{"class":93},[28,128744,127956],{"class":120},[28,128746,94],{"class":93},[28,128748,234],{"class":42},[28,128750,238],{"class":46},[28,128752,234],{"class":42},[28,128754,5136],{"class":93},[28,128756,51026],{"class":1006},[172,128758,128760,10365,128762],{"id":128759},"find-vs-index",[25,128761,124117],{},[25,128763,58748],{},[14,128765,128766,1323,128768,128770],{},[25,128767,124117],{},[25,128769,58748],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[177,128772,128773,128779],{},[180,128774,128775,2166,128777],{},[25,128776,124117],{},[25,128778,65633],{},[180,128780,128781,52274,128783],{},[25,128782,58748],{},[25,128784,40496],{},[14,128786,1631,128787,128789],{},[25,128788,124117],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128791,1631,128792,128794],{},[25,128793,58748],{}," when the value must exist.",[18,128796,128798],{"className":20,"code":128797,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[25,128799,128800,128812,128816],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128801,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128803,84],{"class":34},[28,128805,39],{"class":38},[28,128807,43],{"class":42},[28,128809,238],{"class":46},[28,128811,50],{"class":42},[28,128813,128814],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128815,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128817,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128819,115],{"class":114},[28,128821,94],{"class":93},[28,128823,157],{"class":120},[28,128825,385],{"class":93},[28,128827,127956],{"class":120},[28,128829,94],{"class":93},[28,128831,234],{"class":42},[28,128833,1944],{"class":46},[28,128835,234],{"class":42},[28,128837,5136],{"class":93},[28,128839,128840],{"class":1006},"   # -1\n",[18,128842,128844],{"className":20,"code":128843,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[25,128845,128846,128858,128862],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128847,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128849,84],{"class":34},[28,128851,39],{"class":38},[28,128853,43],{"class":42},[28,128855,238],{"class":46},[28,128857,50],{"class":42},[28,128859,128860],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128861,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128863,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128865,115],{"class":114},[28,128867,94],{"class":93},[28,128869,157],{"class":120},[28,128871,385],{"class":93},[28,128873,35635],{"class":120},[28,128875,94],{"class":93},[28,128877,234],{"class":42},[28,128879,1944],{"class":46},[28,128881,234],{"class":42},[28,128883,5136],{"class":93},[28,128885,128886],{"class":1006},"  # ValueError\n",[14,128888,128889,128890,128894,128895,128897,128898,385],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[381,128891,128892,128621],{"href":124142},[25,128893,58748],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[25,128896,58748],{},", read ",[381,128899,25468,128900],{"href":73261},[25,128901,128902],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[172,128904,40838],{"id":40837},[14,128906,35194,128907,128909],{},[25,128908,124117],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[177,128911,128912,128915,128918,128921],{},[180,128913,128914],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[180,128916,128917],{},"Get the position of a word",[180,128919,128920],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[180,128922,128923],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,128925,128926],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[18,128928,128930],{"className":20,"code":128929,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[25,128931,128932,128945,128968,128972,128987,129003,129022,129036],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940,128943],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,128935,84],{"class":34},[28,128937,39],{"class":38},[28,128939,43],{"class":42},[28,128941,128942],{"class":46},"name:Alice",[28,128944,50],{"class":42},[28,128946,128947,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,128948,128949],{"class":34},"colon_pos ",[28,128951,39],{"class":38},[28,128953,42632],{"class":34},[28,128955,385],{"class":93},[28,128957,127956],{"class":120},[28,128959,94],{"class":93},[28,128961,234],{"class":42},[28,128963,271],{"class":46},[28,128965,234],{"class":42},[28,128967,101],{"class":93},[28,128969,128970],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,128971,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,128973,128974,128976,128979,128981,128983,128985],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,128975,6773],{"class":3644},[28,128977,128978],{"class":34}," colon_pos ",[28,128980,72371],{"class":38},[28,128982,1991],{"class":38},[28,128984,2756],{"class":97},[28,128986,6170],{"class":93},[28,128988,128989,128992,128994,128996,128998,129001],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,128990,128991],{"class":34},"    label ",[28,128993,39],{"class":38},[28,128995,42632],{"class":34},[28,128997,75314],{"class":93},[28,128999,129000],{"class":34},"colon_pos",[28,129002,3401],{"class":93},[28,129004,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,129006,27190],{"class":34},[28,129008,39],{"class":38},[28,129010,42632],{"class":34},[28,129012,3669],{"class":93},[28,129014,128949],{"class":34},[28,129016,1828],{"class":38},[28,129018,5273],{"class":97},[28,129020,129021],{"class":93},":]\n",[28,129023,129024,129026,129028,129031,129033],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,129025,7844],{"class":114},[28,129027,94],{"class":93},[28,129029,129030],{"class":120},"label",[28,129032,3428],{"class":93},[28,129034,129035],{"class":1006},"  # name\n",[28,129037,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,129039,7844],{"class":114},[28,129041,94],{"class":93},[28,129043,2242],{"class":120},[28,129045,3428],{"class":93},[28,129047,129048],{"class":1006},"  # Alice\n",[14,129050,129051,129052,385],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[381,129053,126967],{"href":123377},[172,129055,1104],{"id":1103},[14,129057,129058,129059,271],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[25,129060,124117],{},[177,129062,129063,129072,129078,129083,129089],{},[180,129064,8230,129065,8233,129067,474,129069,129071],{},[25,129066,124117],{},[25,129068,777],{},[25,129070,3441],{}," instead of an index",[180,129073,129074,129075,129077],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[25,129076,65633],{}," when the substring is missing",[180,129079,8194,129080,129082],{},[25,129081,124117],{}," without handling case differences",[180,129084,36995,129085,8482,129087],{},[25,129086,124117],{},[25,129088,58748],{},[180,129090,1320,129091,129093],{},[25,129092,124117],{}," changes the string",[14,129095,129096],{},"Example of a mistake:",[18,129098,129100],{"className":20,"code":129099,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[25,129101,129102,129114,129118,129138,129153,129159],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129103,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129105,84],{"class":34},[28,129107,39],{"class":38},[28,129109,43],{"class":42},[28,129111,238],{"class":46},[28,129113,50],{"class":42},[28,129115,129116],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129117,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,129119,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,129121,6773],{"class":3644},[28,129123,42632],{"class":34},[28,129125,385],{"class":93},[28,129127,127956],{"class":120},[28,129129,94],{"class":93},[28,129131,234],{"class":42},[28,129133,60219],{"class":46},[28,129135,234],{"class":42},[28,129137,8118],{"class":93},[28,129139,129140,129142,129144,129146,129149,129151],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,129141,7844],{"class":114},[28,129143,94],{"class":93},[28,129145,234],{"class":42},[28,129147,129148],{"class":46},"Found",[28,129150,234],{"class":42},[28,129152,101],{"class":93},[28,129154,129155,129157],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,129156,27223],{"class":3644},[28,129158,6170],{"class":93},[28,129160,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169,129171],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,129162,7844],{"class":114},[28,129164,94],{"class":93},[28,129166,234],{"class":42},[28,129168,26104],{"class":46},[28,129170,234],{"class":42},[28,129172,101],{"class":93},[14,129174,99684],{},[18,129176,129178],{"className":20,"code":129177,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Not found\n",[25,129179,129180],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129181,129182],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129183,129177],{"class":34},[14,129185,45491,129186,129189,129190,16858,129192,129194,129195,129197],{},[25,129187,129188],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[25,129191,1888],{},[25,129193,1888],{}," is treated as false in an ",[25,129196,6773],{}," statement.",[14,129199,129200],{},"A safer version is:",[18,129202,129204],{"className":20,"code":129203,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[25,129205,129206,129218,129222,129251,129265,129271],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129209,84],{"class":34},[28,129211,39],{"class":38},[28,129213,43],{"class":42},[28,129215,238],{"class":46},[28,129217,50],{"class":42},[28,129219,129220],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129221,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,129223,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129245,129247,129249],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,129225,6773],{"class":3644},[28,129227,42632],{"class":34},[28,129229,385],{"class":93},[28,129231,127956],{"class":120},[28,129233,94],{"class":93},[28,129235,234],{"class":42},[28,129237,60219],{"class":46},[28,129239,234],{"class":42},[28,129241,3428],{"class":93},[28,129243,129244],{"class":38}," !=",[28,129246,1991],{"class":38},[28,129248,2756],{"class":97},[28,129250,6170],{"class":93},[28,129252,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,129254,7844],{"class":114},[28,129256,94],{"class":93},[28,129258,234],{"class":42},[28,129260,129148],{"class":46},[28,129262,234],{"class":42},[28,129264,101],{"class":93},[28,129266,129267,129269],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,129268,27223],{"class":3644},[28,129270,6170],{"class":93},[28,129272,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,129274,7844],{"class":114},[28,129276,94],{"class":93},[28,129278,234],{"class":42},[28,129280,26104],{"class":46},[28,129282,234],{"class":42},[28,129284,101],{"class":93},[14,129286,129287],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[18,129289,129291],{"className":20,"code":129290,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[25,129292,129293,129315,129329,129355,129369],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129294,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129296,115],{"class":114},[28,129298,94],{"class":93},[28,129300,157],{"class":120},[28,129302,385],{"class":93},[28,129304,127956],{"class":120},[28,129306,94],{"class":93},[28,129308,358],{"class":42},[28,129310,38183],{"class":46},[28,129312,358],{"class":42},[28,129314,318],{"class":93},[28,129316,129317,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129318,115],{"class":114},[28,129320,94],{"class":93},[28,129322,1574],{"class":114},[28,129324,94],{"class":93},[28,129326,157],{"class":120},[28,129328,318],{"class":93},[28,129330,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,129332,115],{"class":114},[28,129334,94],{"class":93},[28,129336,157],{"class":120},[28,129338,385],{"class":93},[28,129340,8417],{"class":120},[28,129342,8414],{"class":93},[28,129344,127956],{"class":120},[28,129346,94],{"class":93},[28,129348,358],{"class":42},[28,129350,38183],{"class":46},[28,129352,358],{"class":42},[28,129354,318],{"class":93},[28,129356,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,129358,115],{"class":114},[28,129360,94],{"class":93},[28,129362,10941],{"class":114},[28,129364,94],{"class":93},[28,129366,157],{"class":120},[28,129368,318],{"class":93},[28,129370,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,129372,115],{"class":114},[28,129374,94],{"class":93},[28,129376,157],{"class":120},[28,129378,385],{"class":93},[28,129380,127956],{"class":120},[28,129382,94],{"class":93},[28,129384,358],{"class":42},[28,129386,38183],{"class":46},[28,129388,358],{"class":42},[28,129390,2759],{"class":93},[28,129392,35841],{"class":120},[28,129394,2759],{"class":93},[28,129396,64819],{"class":120},[28,129398,318],{"class":93},[14,129400,129401],{},"These help you check:",[177,129403,129404,129409,129414,129419,129422],{},[180,129405,129406,129407],{},"The actual result from ",[25,129408,124117],{},[180,129410,129411,129412],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[25,129413,122337],{},[180,129415,129416,129417],{},"Case differences with ",[25,129418,123852],{},[180,129420,129421],{},"The string length",[180,129423,129424,129425,1323,129427,129429],{},"Whether your ",[25,129426,35862],{},[25,129428,52440],{}," values are correct",[172,129431,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,129433,129435,129436,129438],{"id":129434},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[25,129437,124117],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129440,4921,129441,385],{},[25,129442,65633],{},[1109,129444,12487,129446,129448],{"id":129445},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[25,129447,124117],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129450,129451],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1109,129453,129455,129456,124458],{"id":129454},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[25,129457,124117],{},[14,129459,129460],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1109,129462,4953,129464,1323,129466,69434],{"id":129463},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[25,129465,124117],{},[25,129467,58748],{},[14,129469,129470,2166,129472,129474,129475,52274,129477,385],{},[25,129471,124117],{},[25,129473,65633],{}," if not found, while ",[25,129476,58748],{},[25,129478,40496],{},[1109,129480,28118,129482,129484],{"id":129481},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[25,129483,124117],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129486,129487,129488,1323,129490,65932],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[25,129489,35862],{},[25,129491,52440],{},[172,129493,1662],{"id":1661},[177,129495,129496,129502,129508,129515,129521,129528,129532,129537],{},[180,129497,129498],{},[381,129499,1685,129500,1689],{"href":124142},[25,129501,58748],{},[180,129503,129504],{},[381,129505,1685,129506,1689],{"href":128618},[25,129507,60312],{},[180,129509,129510],{},[381,129511,1685,129513,1689],{"href":129512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[25,129514,124293],{},[180,129516,129517],{},[381,129518,1685,129519,1689],{"href":127296},[25,129520,127299],{},[180,129522,129523],{},[381,129524,1685,129526,1689],{"href":129525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[25,129527,125989],{},[180,129529,129530],{},[381,129531,124521],{"href":123377},[180,129533,129534],{},[381,129535,129536],{"href":128614},"How to split a string in Python",[180,129538,129539],{},[381,129540,25911,129541],{"href":73261},[25,129542,128902],{},[1699,129544,129545],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":129547},[129548,129550,129553,129554,129555,129556,129558,129559,129560,129572],{"id":128032,"depth":53,"text":129549},"What find() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":129551},[129552],{"id":17180,"depth":70,"text":17181},{"id":37811,"depth":53,"text":37812},{"id":65185,"depth":53,"text":65968},{"id":123768,"depth":53,"text":123769},{"id":128759,"depth":53,"text":129557},"find() vs index()",{"id":40837,"depth":53,"text":40838},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":129561},[129562,129564,129566,129568,129570],{"id":129434,"depth":70,"text":129563},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129445,"depth":70,"text":129565},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129454,"depth":70,"text":129567},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129463,"depth":70,"text":129569},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129481,"depth":70,"text":129571},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127904,"description":129573},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129580,"title":129581,"body":129582,"description":131508,"extension":1730,"meta":131509,"navigation":107,"path":131510,"seo":131511,"stem":131512,"__hash__":131513},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129583,"toc":131476},[129584,129589,129594,129597,129599,129675,129679,129707,129715,129719,129724,129728,129745,129747,129814,129818,129840,129848,129850,129853,129877,129880,129894,129896,129981,129985,129997,130000,130004,130010,130060,130064,130081,130090,130093,130101,130104,130153,130157,130182,130185,130240,130244,130256,130262,130266,130272,130277,130344,130348,130374,130377,130388,130390,130457,130461,130486,130493,130497,130502,130509,130517,130519,130571,130575,130593,130595,130640,130644,130659,130662,130672,130679,130681,130685,130688,130699,130701,130761,130765,130793,130796,130802,130807,130810,130814,130858,130861,130899,130902,130910,130912,130917,130921,130924,130972,130975,130978,131034,131038,131043,131046,131095,131097,131146,131152,131157,131159,131206,131210,131223,131225,131276,131282,131285,131289,131292,131298,131303,131305,131308,131380,131383,131400,131402,131407,131410,131414,131420,131426,131433,131439,131445,131447,131473],[10,129585,123122,129587,11102],{"id":129586},"python-string-format-method",[25,129588,1688],{},[14,129590,123127,129591,129593],{},[25,129592,1688],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129595,129596],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[172,129598,1771],{"id":1770},[18,129600,129602],{"className":20,"code":129601,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[25,129603,129604,129616,129624,129628,129665],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129605,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129607,35],{"class":34},[28,129609,39],{"class":38},[28,129611,43],{"class":42},[28,129613,11290],{"class":46},[28,129615,50],{"class":42},[28,129617,129618,129620,129622],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129619,807],{"class":34},[28,129621,39],{"class":38},[28,129623,88576],{"class":97},[28,129625,129626],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,129627,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,129629,129630,129632,129634,129636,129639,129641,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,129631,56],{"class":34},[28,129633,39],{"class":38},[28,129635,43],{"class":42},[28,129637,129638],{"class":46},"My name is ",[28,129640,3560],{"class":97},[28,129642,129643],{"class":46}," and I am ",[28,129645,3560],{"class":97},[28,129647,122119],{"class":46},[28,129649,234],{"class":42},[28,129651,385],{"class":93},[28,129653,129654],{"class":120},"format",[28,129656,94],{"class":93},[28,129658,121],{"class":120},[28,129660,2759],{"class":93},[28,129662,8967],{"class":120},[28,129664,101],{"class":93},[28,129666,129667,129669,129671,129673],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,129668,115],{"class":114},[28,129670,94],{"class":93},[28,129672,133],{"class":120},[28,129674,101],{"class":93},[14,129676,129677],{},[163,129678,336],{},[18,129680,129682],{"className":20,"code":129681,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[25,129683,129684],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129685,129686,129689,129691,129694,129697,129700,129703,129705],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129687,129688],{"class":34},"My name ",[28,129690,11976],{"class":38},[28,129692,129693],{"class":34}," Maya ",[28,129695,129696],{"class":38},"and",[28,129698,129699],{"class":34}," I am ",[28,129701,129702],{"class":97},"12",[28,129704,122152],{"class":34},[28,129706,122155],{"class":93},[14,129708,1631,129709,129711,129712,129714],{},[25,129710,3560],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[25,129713,1688],{}," in the same order.",[14,129716,379,129717,385],{},[381,129718,384],{"href":383},[172,129720,12780,129722,12783],{"id":129721},"what-the-format-method-does",[25,129723,1688],{},[14,129725,679,129726,11193],{},[25,129727,1688],{},[177,129729,129730,129733,129739,129742],{},[180,129731,129732],{},"inserts values into a string",[180,129734,129735,129736,129738],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[25,129737,3560],{}," with given values",[180,129740,129741],{},"returns a new string",[180,129743,129744],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129746,924],{},[18,129748,129750],{"className":20,"code":129749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[25,129751,129752,129766,129789,129793,129804],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129753,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129755,84],{"class":34},[28,129757,39],{"class":38},[28,129759,43],{"class":42},[28,129761,44690],{"class":46},[28,129763,3560],{"class":97},[28,129765,50],{"class":42},[28,129767,129768,129771,129773,129775,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129769,129770],{"class":34},"new_text ",[28,129772,39],{"class":38},[28,129774,42632],{"class":34},[28,129776,385],{"class":93},[28,129778,129654],{"class":120},[28,129780,94],{"class":93},[28,129782,234],{"class":42},[28,129784,7452],{"class":46},[28,129786,234],{"class":42},[28,129788,101],{"class":93},[28,129790,129791],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,129792,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,129794,129795,129797,129799,129802],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,129796,115],{"class":114},[28,129798,94],{"class":93},[28,129800,129801],{"class":120},"new_text",[28,129803,101],{"class":93},[28,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,129807,115],{"class":114},[28,129809,94],{"class":93},[28,129811,157],{"class":120},[28,129813,101],{"class":93},[14,129815,129816],{},[163,129817,336],{},[18,129819,129821],{"className":20,"code":129820,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[25,129822,129823,129832],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129824,129825,129827,129829],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129826,64],{"class":34},[28,129828,2759],{"class":93},[28,129830,129831],{"class":34}," Sam\n",[28,129833,129834,129836,129838],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129835,64],{"class":34},[28,129837,2759],{"class":93},[28,129839,9617],{"class":93},[14,129841,2055,129842,129844,129845,129847],{},[25,129843,157],{}," stays the same. ",[25,129846,1688],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[172,129849,1927],{"id":1926},[14,129851,129852],{},"The general form is:",[18,129854,129856],{"className":20,"code":129855,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[25,129857,129858],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129859,129860,129862,129865,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129861,234],{"class":233},[28,129863,129864],{"class":237},"text {}",[28,129866,234],{"class":233},[28,129868,385],{"class":93},[28,129870,129654],{"class":120},[28,129872,94],{"class":93},[28,129874,2242],{"class":120},[28,129876,101],{"class":93},[14,129878,129879],{},"Key idea:",[177,129881,129882,129888,129891],{},[180,129883,129884,129885,129887],{},"each ",[25,129886,3560],{}," is a placeholder",[180,129889,129890],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[180,129892,129893],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,129895,924],{},[18,129897,129899],{"className":20,"code":129898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[25,129900,129901,129914,129928,129932,129970],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129902,129903,129906,129908,129910,129912],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129904,129905],{"class":34},"animal ",[28,129907,39],{"class":38},[28,129909,43],{"class":42},[28,129911,36838],{"class":46},[28,129913,50],{"class":42},[28,129915,129916,129919,129921,129923,129926],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,129917,129918],{"class":34},"sound ",[28,129920,39],{"class":38},[28,129922,43],{"class":42},[28,129924,129925],{"class":46},"meow",[28,129927,50],{"class":42},[28,129929,129930],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,129931,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,129933,129934,129937,129939,129941,129943,129945,129948,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958,129960,129963,129965,129968],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,129935,129936],{"class":34},"sentence ",[28,129938,39],{"class":38},[28,129940,43],{"class":42},[28,129942,679],{"class":46},[28,129944,3560],{"class":97},[28,129946,129947],{"class":46}," says ",[28,129949,3560],{"class":97},[28,129951,385],{"class":46},[28,129953,234],{"class":42},[28,129955,385],{"class":93},[28,129957,129654],{"class":120},[28,129959,94],{"class":93},[28,129961,129962],{"class":120},"animal",[28,129964,2759],{"class":93},[28,129966,129967],{"class":120}," sound",[28,129969,101],{"class":93},[28,129971,129972,129974,129976,129979],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,129973,115],{"class":114},[28,129975,94],{"class":93},[28,129977,129978],{"class":120},"sentence",[28,129980,101],{"class":93},[14,129982,129983],{},[163,129984,336],{},[18,129986,129988],{"className":20,"code":129987,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"The cat says meow.\n",[25,129989,129990],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,129991,129992,129995],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,129993,129994],{"class":34},"The cat says meow",[28,129996,122155],{"class":93},[14,129998,129999],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[172,130001,130003],{"id":130002},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130005,130006,130007,130009],{},"You can use empty braces ",[25,130008,3560],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[18,130011,130013],{"className":20,"code":130012,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[25,130014,130015],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130016,130017,130019,130021,130023,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036,130038,130040,130042,130044,130047,130049,130051,130053,130056,130058],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130018,115],{"class":114},[28,130020,94],{"class":93},[28,130022,234],{"class":42},[28,130024,130025],{"class":46},"I like ",[28,130027,3560],{"class":97},[28,130029,1323],{"class":46},[28,130031,3560],{"class":97},[28,130033,385],{"class":46},[28,130035,234],{"class":42},[28,130037,385],{"class":93},[28,130039,129654],{"class":120},[28,130041,94],{"class":93},[28,130043,234],{"class":42},[28,130045,130046],{"class":46},"pizza",[28,130048,234],{"class":42},[28,130050,2759],{"class":93},[28,130052,43],{"class":42},[28,130054,130055],{"class":46},"pasta",[28,130057,234],{"class":42},[28,130059,318],{"class":93},[14,130061,130062],{},[163,130063,336],{},[18,130065,130067],{"className":20,"code":130066,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[25,130068,130069],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130070,130071,130074,130076,130079],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130072,130073],{"class":34},"I like pizza ",[28,130075,129696],{"class":38},[28,130077,130078],{"class":34}," pasta",[28,130080,122155],{"class":93},[14,130082,130083,130084,1323,130087,385],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[25,130085,130086],{},"{0}",[25,130088,130089],{},"{1}",[14,130091,130092],{},"This is helpful when:",[177,130094,130095,130098],{},[180,130096,130097],{},"you want to reuse a value",[180,130099,130100],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130102,130103],{},"Example with reused values:",[18,130105,130107],{"className":20,"code":130106,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,130108,130109,130143],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130110,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130122,130124,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139,130141],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130112,84],{"class":34},[28,130114,39],{"class":38},[28,130116,43],{"class":42},[28,130118,130086],{"class":97},[28,130120,130121],{"class":46}," is learning Python. ",[28,130123,130086],{"class":97},[28,130125,130126],{"class":46}," likes coding.",[28,130128,234],{"class":42},[28,130130,385],{"class":93},[28,130132,129654],{"class":120},[28,130134,94],{"class":93},[28,130136,234],{"class":42},[28,130138,19670],{"class":46},[28,130140,234],{"class":42},[28,130142,101],{"class":93},[28,130144,130145,130147,130149,130151],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130146,115],{"class":114},[28,130148,94],{"class":93},[28,130150,157],{"class":120},[28,130152,101],{"class":93},[14,130154,130155],{},[163,130156,336],{},[18,130158,130160],{"className":20,"code":130159,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[25,130161,130162],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130163,130164,130167,130169,130172,130174,130177,130180],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130165,130166],{"class":34},"Lina ",[28,130168,11976],{"class":38},[28,130170,130171],{"class":34}," learning Python",[28,130173,385],{"class":93},[28,130175,130176],{"class":24538}," Lina",[28,130178,130179],{"class":34}," likes coding",[28,130181,122155],{"class":93},[14,130183,130184],{},"Example with changed order:",[18,130186,130188],{"className":20,"code":130187,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,130189,130190,130230],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130191,130192,130194,130196,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130193,84],{"class":34},[28,130195,39],{"class":38},[28,130197,43],{"class":42},[28,130199,130089],{"class":97},[28,130201,83104],{"class":46},[28,130203,130086],{"class":97},[28,130205,385],{"class":46},[28,130207,234],{"class":42},[28,130209,385],{"class":93},[28,130211,129654],{"class":120},[28,130213,94],{"class":93},[28,130215,234],{"class":42},[28,130217,6360],{"class":46},[28,130219,234],{"class":42},[28,130221,2759],{"class":93},[28,130223,43],{"class":42},[28,130225,79050],{"class":46},[28,130227,234],{"class":42},[28,130229,101],{"class":93},[28,130231,130232,130234,130236,130238],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130233,115],{"class":114},[28,130235,94],{"class":93},[28,130237,157],{"class":120},[28,130239,101],{"class":93},[14,130241,130242],{},[163,130243,336],{},[18,130245,130247],{"className":20,"code":130246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"two comes after one.\n",[25,130248,130249],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130250,130251,130254],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130252,130253],{"class":34},"two comes after one",[28,130255,122155],{"class":93},[14,130257,130258,130259,130261],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[25,130260,3560],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[172,130263,130265],{"id":130264},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130267,130268,130269,385],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[25,130270,130271],{},"{name}",[14,130273,130274,130275,271],{},"You pass matching names into ",[25,130276,1688],{},[18,130278,130280],{"className":20,"code":130279,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,130281,130282,130334],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130283,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294,130297,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130320,130322,130324,130326,130328,130330,130332],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130285,84],{"class":34},[28,130287,39],{"class":38},[28,130289,43],{"class":42},[28,130291,129638],{"class":46},[28,130293,130271],{"class":97},[28,130295,130296],{"class":46}," and I live in ",[28,130298,130299],{"class":97},"{city}",[28,130301,385],{"class":46},[28,130303,234],{"class":42},[28,130305,385],{"class":93},[28,130307,129654],{"class":120},[28,130309,94],{"class":93},[28,130311,121],{"class":8954},[28,130313,39],{"class":38},[28,130315,234],{"class":42},[28,130317,12664],{"class":46},[28,130319,234],{"class":42},[28,130321,2759],{"class":93},[28,130323,31175],{"class":8954},[28,130325,39],{"class":38},[28,130327,234],{"class":42},[28,130329,15816],{"class":46},[28,130331,234],{"class":42},[28,130333,101],{"class":93},[28,130335,130336,130338,130340,130342],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130337,115],{"class":114},[28,130339,94],{"class":93},[28,130341,157],{"class":120},[28,130343,101],{"class":93},[14,130345,130346],{},[163,130347,336],{},[18,130349,130351],{"className":20,"code":130350,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[25,130352,130353],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130354,130355,130357,130359,130362,130364,130367,130369,130372],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130356,129688],{"class":34},[28,130358,11976],{"class":38},[28,130360,130361],{"class":34}," Ana ",[28,130363,129696],{"class":38},[28,130365,130366],{"class":34}," I live ",[28,130368,3651],{"class":38},[28,130370,130371],{"class":34}," Lima",[28,130373,122155],{"class":93},[14,130375,130376],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[177,130378,130379,130382,130385],{},[180,130380,130381],{},"they make code easier to read",[180,130383,130384],{},"they help when a string has many values",[180,130386,130387],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130389,924],{},[18,130391,130393],{"className":20,"code":130392,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[25,130394,130395,130447],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130396,130397,130400,130402,130404,130407,130410,130413,130416,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130430,130433,130435,130437,130440,130442,130445],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130398,130399],{"class":34},"report ",[28,130401,39],{"class":38},[28,130403,43],{"class":42},[28,130405,130406],{"class":46},"Student: ",[28,130408,130409],{"class":97},"{student}",[28,130411,130412],{"class":46},", Score: ",[28,130414,130415],{"class":97},"{score}",[28,130417,234],{"class":42},[28,130419,385],{"class":93},[28,130421,129654],{"class":120},[28,130423,94],{"class":93},[28,130425,13411],{"class":8954},[28,130427,39],{"class":38},[28,130429,234],{"class":42},[28,130431,130432],{"class":46},"Noah",[28,130434,234],{"class":42},[28,130436,2759],{"class":93},[28,130438,130439],{"class":8954}," score",[28,130441,39],{"class":38},[28,130443,130444],{"class":97},"95",[28,130446,101],{"class":93},[28,130448,130449,130451,130453,130455],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130450,115],{"class":114},[28,130452,94],{"class":93},[28,130454,127644],{"class":120},[28,130456,101],{"class":93},[14,130458,130459],{},[163,130460,336],{},[18,130462,130464],{"className":20,"code":130463,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[25,130465,130466],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130467,130468,130471,130473,130476,130478,130481,130483],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130469,130470],{"class":34},"Student",[28,130472,271],{"class":93},[28,130474,130475],{"class":34}," Noah",[28,130477,2759],{"class":93},[28,130479,130480],{"class":34}," Score",[28,130482,271],{"class":93},[28,130484,130485],{"class":97}," 95\n",[14,130487,130488,130489,385],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[381,130490,858,130491,861],{"href":857},[25,130492,169],{},[172,130494,130496],{"id":130495},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130498,130499,130501],{},[25,130500,1688],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130503,130504,130505,130508],{},"A common example is ",[25,130506,130507],{},":.2f",", which means:",[177,130510,130511,130514],{},[180,130512,130513],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[180,130515,130516],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130518,924],{},[18,130520,130522],{"className":20,"code":130521,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[25,130523,130524,130532,130561],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130525,130526,130528,130530],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130527,40179],{"class":34},[28,130529,39],{"class":38},[28,130531,49057],{"class":97},[28,130533,130534,130536,130538,130540,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130535,84],{"class":34},[28,130537,39],{"class":38},[28,130539,43],{"class":42},[28,130541,130542],{"class":46},"Price: $",[28,130544,9057],{"class":97},[28,130546,130507],{"class":349},[28,130548,22090],{"class":97},[28,130550,234],{"class":42},[28,130552,385],{"class":93},[28,130554,129654],{"class":120},[28,130556,94],{"class":93},[28,130558,24938],{"class":120},[28,130560,101],{"class":93},[28,130562,130563,130565,130567,130569],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,130564,115],{"class":114},[28,130566,94],{"class":93},[28,130568,157],{"class":120},[28,130570,101],{"class":93},[14,130572,130573],{},[163,130574,336],{},[18,130576,130578],{"className":20,"code":130577,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Price: $3.50\n",[25,130579,130580],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130581,130582,130585,130587,130590],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130583,130584],{"class":34},"Price",[28,130586,271],{"class":93},[28,130588,130589],{"class":37158}," $",[28,130591,130592],{"class":97},"3.50\n",[14,130594,51859],{},[18,130596,130598],{"className":20,"code":130597,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[25,130599,130600,130610],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130601,130602,130605,130607],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130603,130604],{"class":34},"average ",[28,130606,39],{"class":38},[28,130608,130609],{"class":97}," 91.236\n",[28,130611,130612,130614,130616,130618,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130638],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130613,115],{"class":114},[28,130615,94],{"class":93},[28,130617,234],{"class":42},[28,130619,130620],{"class":46},"Average: ",[28,130622,9057],{"class":97},[28,130624,130507],{"class":349},[28,130626,22090],{"class":97},[28,130628,234],{"class":42},[28,130630,385],{"class":93},[28,130632,129654],{"class":120},[28,130634,94],{"class":93},[28,130636,130637],{"class":120},"average",[28,130639,318],{"class":93},[14,130641,130642],{},[163,130643,336],{},[18,130645,130647],{"className":20,"code":130646,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Average: 91.24\n",[25,130648,130649],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130650,130651,130654,130656],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130652,130653],{"class":34},"Average",[28,130655,271],{"class":93},[28,130657,130658],{"class":97}," 91.24\n",[14,130660,130661],{},"This is useful for:",[177,130663,130664,130666,130669],{},[180,130665,82862],{},[180,130667,130668],{},"averages",[180,130670,130671],{},"percentages",[14,130673,130674,130675,385],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[381,130676,858,130677,2071],{"href":46234},[25,130678,46237],{},[172,130680,17205],{"id":17204},[14,130682,130683,92289],{},[25,130684,1688],{},[14,130686,130687],{},"That means you can:",[177,130689,130690,130693,130696],{},[180,130691,130692],{},"save it in a variable",[180,130694,130695],{},"print it directly",[180,130697,130698],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130700,924],{},[18,130702,130704],{"className":20,"code":130703,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[25,130705,130706,130737,130747],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130707,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130733,130735],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130709,56],{"class":34},[28,130711,39],{"class":38},[28,130713,43],{"class":42},[28,130715,44690],{"class":46},[28,130717,3560],{"class":97},[28,130719,89622],{"class":46},[28,130721,234],{"class":42},[28,130723,385],{"class":93},[28,130725,129654],{"class":120},[28,130727,94],{"class":93},[28,130729,234],{"class":42},[28,130731,130732],{"class":46},"Chris",[28,130734,234],{"class":42},[28,130736,101],{"class":93},[28,130738,130739,130741,130743,130745],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130740,115],{"class":114},[28,130742,94],{"class":93},[28,130744,133],{"class":120},[28,130746,101],{"class":93},[28,130748,130749,130751,130753,130755,130757,130759],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,130750,115],{"class":114},[28,130752,94],{"class":93},[28,130754,311],{"class":89},[28,130756,94],{"class":93},[28,130758,133],{"class":120},[28,130760,318],{"class":93},[14,130762,130763],{},[163,130764,336],{},[18,130766,130768],{"className":20,"code":130767,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[25,130769,130770,130779],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130771,130772,130774,130776],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130773,64],{"class":34},[28,130775,2759],{"class":93},[28,130777,130778],{"class":34}," Chris!\n",[28,130780,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130782,346],{"class":38},[28,130784,350],{"class":349},[28,130786,61],{"class":42},[28,130788,355],{"class":46},[28,130790,358],{"class":42},[28,130792,361],{"class":38},[14,130794,130795],{},"The original string is not changed.",[172,130797,130799,130801],{"id":130798},"format-vs-f-strings",[25,130800,1688],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130803,130804,130806],{},[25,130805,1688],{}," is a string method.",[14,130808,130809],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130811,45827,130812,271],{},[25,130813,1688],{},[18,130815,130817],{"className":20,"code":130816,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[25,130818,130819,130832],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130820,130821,130823,130825,130827,130830],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130822,35],{"class":34},[28,130824,39],{"class":38},[28,130826,43],{"class":42},[28,130828,130829],{"class":46},"Rita",[28,130831,50],{"class":42},[28,130833,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130835,115],{"class":114},[28,130837,94],{"class":93},[28,130839,234],{"class":42},[28,130841,44690],{"class":46},[28,130843,3560],{"class":97},[28,130845,89622],{"class":46},[28,130847,234],{"class":42},[28,130849,385],{"class":93},[28,130851,129654],{"class":120},[28,130853,94],{"class":93},[28,130855,121],{"class":120},[28,130857,318],{"class":93},[14,130859,130860],{},"Example with an f-string:",[18,130862,130864],{"className":20,"code":130863,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[25,130865,130866,130878],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130867,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130869,35],{"class":34},[28,130871,39],{"class":38},[28,130873,43],{"class":42},[28,130875,130829],{"class":46},[28,130877,50],{"class":42},[28,130879,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890,130892,130894,130897],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130881,115],{"class":114},[28,130883,94],{"class":93},[28,130885,22081],{"class":349},[28,130887,43134],{"class":46},[28,130889,9057],{"class":97},[28,130891,121],{"class":120},[28,130893,22090],{"class":97},[28,130895,130896],{"class":46},"!\"",[28,130898,101],{"class":93},[14,130900,130901],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,130903,130904,130905,130907,130908,385],{},"This page focuses on how ",[25,130906,1688],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[381,130909,89467],{"href":89466},[172,130911,1104],{"id":1103},[14,130913,130914,130915,385],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[25,130916,1688],{},[1109,130918,130920],{"id":130919},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,130922,130923],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[18,130925,130927],{"className":20,"code":130926,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,130928,130929,130962],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130930,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130932,84],{"class":34},[28,130934,39],{"class":38},[28,130936,43],{"class":42},[28,130938,44690],{"class":46},[28,130940,3560],{"class":97},[28,130942,130943],{"class":97}," {}",[28,130945,89622],{"class":46},[28,130947,234],{"class":42},[28,130949,385],{"class":93},[28,130951,129654],{"class":120},[28,130953,94],{"class":93},[28,130955,234],{"class":42},[28,130957,7452],{"class":46},[28,130959,234],{"class":42},[28,130961,101],{"class":93},[28,130963,130964,130966,130968,130970],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,130965,115],{"class":114},[28,130967,94],{"class":93},[28,130969,157],{"class":120},[28,130971,101],{"class":93},[14,130973,130974],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,130976,130977],{},"Fixed version:",[18,130979,130981],{"className":20,"code":130980,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,130982,130983,131024],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,130984,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131020,131022],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,130986,84],{"class":34},[28,130988,39],{"class":38},[28,130990,43],{"class":42},[28,130992,44690],{"class":46},[28,130994,3560],{"class":97},[28,130996,130943],{"class":97},[28,130998,89622],{"class":46},[28,131000,234],{"class":42},[28,131002,385],{"class":93},[28,131004,129654],{"class":120},[28,131006,94],{"class":93},[28,131008,234],{"class":42},[28,131010,7452],{"class":46},[28,131012,234],{"class":42},[28,131014,2759],{"class":93},[28,131016,43],{"class":42},[28,131018,131019],{"class":46},"Lee",[28,131021,234],{"class":42},[28,131023,101],{"class":93},[28,131025,131026,131028,131030,131032],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131027,115],{"class":114},[28,131029,94],{"class":93},[28,131031,157],{"class":120},[28,131033,101],{"class":93},[1109,131035,131037],{"id":131036},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131039,131040,131041,385],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[25,131042,1688],{},[14,131044,131045],{},"Problem:",[18,131047,131049],{"className":20,"code":131048,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,131050,131051,131085],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131052,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131083],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131054,84],{"class":34},[28,131056,39],{"class":38},[28,131058,43],{"class":42},[28,131060,44690],{"class":46},[28,131062,130271],{"class":97},[28,131064,89622],{"class":46},[28,131066,234],{"class":42},[28,131068,385],{"class":93},[28,131070,129654],{"class":120},[28,131072,94],{"class":93},[28,131074,7760],{"class":8954},[28,131076,39],{"class":38},[28,131078,234],{"class":42},[28,131080,7452],{"class":46},[28,131082,234],{"class":42},[28,131084,101],{"class":93},[28,131086,131087,131089,131091,131093],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131088,115],{"class":114},[28,131090,94],{"class":93},[28,131092,157],{"class":120},[28,131094,101],{"class":93},[14,131096,130977],{},[18,131098,131100],{"className":20,"code":131099,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,131101,131102,131136],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131103,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131105,84],{"class":34},[28,131107,39],{"class":38},[28,131109,43],{"class":42},[28,131111,44690],{"class":46},[28,131113,130271],{"class":97},[28,131115,89622],{"class":46},[28,131117,234],{"class":42},[28,131119,385],{"class":93},[28,131121,129654],{"class":120},[28,131123,94],{"class":93},[28,131125,121],{"class":8954},[28,131127,39],{"class":38},[28,131129,234],{"class":42},[28,131131,7452],{"class":46},[28,131133,234],{"class":42},[28,131135,101],{"class":93},[28,131137,131138,131140,131142,131144],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131139,115],{"class":114},[28,131141,94],{"class":93},[28,131143,157],{"class":120},[28,131145,101],{"class":93},[1109,131147,8230,131149,131151],{"id":131148},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[25,131150,1688],{}," to change the original string",[14,131153,131154,131156],{},[25,131155,1688],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131158,131045],{},[18,131160,131162],{"className":20,"code":131161,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,131163,131164,131178,131196],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131165,131166,131168,131170,131172,131174,131176],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131167,84],{"class":34},[28,131169,39],{"class":38},[28,131171,43],{"class":42},[28,131173,44690],{"class":46},[28,131175,3560],{"class":97},[28,131177,50],{"class":42},[28,131179,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131181,157],{"class":34},[28,131183,385],{"class":93},[28,131185,129654],{"class":120},[28,131187,94],{"class":93},[28,131189,234],{"class":42},[28,131191,7452],{"class":46},[28,131193,234],{"class":42},[28,131195,101],{"class":93},[28,131197,131198,131200,131202,131204],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,131199,115],{"class":114},[28,131201,94],{"class":93},[28,131203,157],{"class":120},[28,131205,101],{"class":93},[14,131207,131208],{},[163,131209,336],{},[18,131211,131213],{"className":20,"code":131212,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello, {}\n",[25,131214,131215],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131216,131217,131219,131221],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131218,64],{"class":34},[28,131220,2759],{"class":93},[28,131222,9617],{"class":93},[14,131224,130977],{},[18,131226,131228],{"className":20,"code":131227,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,131229,131230,131244,131266],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131231,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131233,84],{"class":34},[28,131235,39],{"class":38},[28,131237,43],{"class":42},[28,131239,44690],{"class":46},[28,131241,3560],{"class":97},[28,131243,50],{"class":42},[28,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131247,84],{"class":34},[28,131249,39],{"class":38},[28,131251,42632],{"class":34},[28,131253,385],{"class":93},[28,131255,129654],{"class":120},[28,131257,94],{"class":93},[28,131259,234],{"class":42},[28,131261,7452],{"class":46},[28,131263,234],{"class":42},[28,131265,101],{"class":93},[28,131267,131268,131270,131272,131274],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,131269,115],{"class":114},[28,131271,94],{"class":93},[28,131273,157],{"class":120},[28,131275,101],{"class":93},[1109,131277,4476,131279,131281],{"id":131278},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[25,131280,1688],{}," returns a new string",[14,131283,131284],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1109,131286,131288],{"id":131287},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131290,131291],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131293,131294,131295,131297],{},"Use simple ",[25,131296,3560],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131299,131300,131301,385],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[381,131302,1513],{"href":1512},[172,131304,67674],{"id":67673},[14,131306,131307],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[18,131309,131311],{"className":20,"code":131310,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[25,131312,131313,131323,131337,131366],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131314,131315,131317,131319,131321],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131316,115],{"class":114},[28,131318,94],{"class":93},[28,131320,157],{"class":120},[28,131322,101],{"class":93},[28,131324,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333,131335],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131326,115],{"class":114},[28,131328,94],{"class":93},[28,131330,311],{"class":89},[28,131332,94],{"class":93},[28,131334,2242],{"class":120},[28,131336,318],{"class":93},[28,131338,131339,131341,131343,131345,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,131340,115],{"class":114},[28,131342,94],{"class":93},[28,131344,234],{"class":42},[28,131346,131347],{"class":46},"Hello ",[28,131349,3560],{"class":97},[28,131351,234],{"class":42},[28,131353,385],{"class":93},[28,131355,129654],{"class":120},[28,131357,94],{"class":93},[28,131359,234],{"class":42},[28,131361,7452],{"class":46},[28,131363,234],{"class":42},[28,131365,318],{"class":93},[28,131367,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,131369,31943],{"class":114},[28,131371,94],{"class":93},[28,131373,355],{"class":89},[28,131375,385],{"class":93},[28,131377,129654],{"class":24538},[28,131379,101],{"class":93},[14,131381,131382],{},"Use them to check:",[177,131384,131385,131388,131391,131394],{},[180,131386,131387],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[180,131389,131390],{},"what type your value has",[180,131392,131393],{},"whether a small test example works",[180,131395,131396,131397],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[25,131398,131399],{},"str.format",[172,131401,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,131403,129435,131405,12499],{"id":131404},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[25,131406,1688],{},[14,131408,131409],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1109,131411,131413],{"id":131412},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131415,131416,131417,131419],{},"No. You can use plain ",[25,131418,3560],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1109,131421,131423,131424,2262],{"id":131422},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[25,131425,1688],{},[14,131427,131428,131429,131432],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[25,131430,131431],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1109,131434,14689,131436,131438],{"id":131435},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[25,131437,1688],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131440,131441,131442,131444],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[25,131443,1688],{}," is still useful and common.",[172,131446,1662],{"id":1661},[177,131448,131449,131453,131457,131463,131469],{},[180,131450,131451],{},[381,131452,384],{"href":383},[180,131454,131455],{},[381,131456,90451],{"href":89466},[180,131458,131459],{},[381,131460,858,131461,861],{"href":46234},[25,131462,46237],{},[180,131464,131465],{},[381,131466,858,131467,861],{"href":857},[25,131468,169],{},[180,131470,131471],{},[381,131472,1513],{"href":1512},[1699,131474,131475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":131477},[131478,131479,131481,131482,131483,131484,131485,131486,131488,131497,131498,131507],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":129721,"depth":53,"text":131480},"What the format() method does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":130002,"depth":53,"text":130003},{"id":130264,"depth":53,"text":130265},{"id":130495,"depth":53,"text":130496},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":130798,"depth":53,"text":131487},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":131489},[131490,131491,131492,131494,131496],{"id":130919,"depth":70,"text":130920},{"id":131036,"depth":70,"text":131037},{"id":131148,"depth":70,"text":131493},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131278,"depth":70,"text":131495},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131287,"depth":70,"text":131288},{"id":67673,"depth":53,"text":67674},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":131499},[131500,131502,131503,131505],{"id":131404,"depth":70,"text":131501},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131412,"depth":70,"text":131413},{"id":131422,"depth":70,"text":131504},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131435,"depth":70,"text":131506},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129581,"description":131508},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131515,"title":131516,"body":131517,"description":132997,"extension":1730,"meta":132998,"navigation":107,"path":132999,"seo":133000,"stem":133001,"__hash__":133002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131518,"toc":132969},[131519,131524,131529,131534,131536,131598,131605,131611,131616,131618,131634,131636,131707,131709,131723,131726,131776,131778,131780,131807,131810,131825,131828,131869,131872,131917,131924,131973,131975,131983,131985,132003,132005,132098,132106,132147,132152,132159,132165,132172,132175,132179,132280,132282,132304,132308,132361,132364,132367,132373,132380,132382,132421,132423,132441,132451,132458,132541,132544,132551,132558,132565,132569,132577,132623,132627,132636,132701,132706,132711,132722,132724,132729,132756,132758,132861,132864,132884,132886,132891,132894,132898,132902,132909,132918,132924,132927,132933,132935,132937,132966],[10,131520,123122,131522,11102],{"id":131521},"python-string-index-method",[25,131523,58748],{},[14,131525,123127,131526,131528],{},[25,131527,58748],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131530,131531,131532,385],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[25,131533,40496],{},[172,131535,1771],{"id":1770},[18,131537,131539],{"className":20,"code":131538,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[25,131540,131541,131553,131575,131585,131589,131593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131544,84],{"class":34},[28,131546,39],{"class":38},[28,131548,43],{"class":42},[28,131550,60187],{"class":46},[28,131552,50],{"class":42},[28,131554,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131556,64698],{"class":34},[28,131558,39],{"class":38},[28,131560,42632],{"class":34},[28,131562,385],{"class":93},[28,131564,35635],{"class":120},[28,131566,94],{"class":93},[28,131568,234],{"class":42},[28,131570,60372],{"class":46},[28,131572,234],{"class":42},[28,131574,101],{"class":93},[28,131576,131577,131579,131581,131583],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,131578,115],{"class":114},[28,131580,94],{"class":93},[28,131582,64725],{"class":120},[28,131584,101],{"class":93},[28,131586,131587],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,131588,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,131590,131591],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,131592,90592],{"class":1006},[28,131594,131595],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,131596,131597],{"class":1006},"# 6\n",[14,131599,1631,131600,131602,131603,385],{},[25,131601,58748],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[25,131604,40496],{},[172,131606,3445,131608,3448],{"id":131607},"what-strindex-does",[25,131609,131610],{},"str.index()",[14,131612,131613,131615],{},[25,131614,131610],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131617,12836],{},[177,131619,131620,131623,131626,131629],{},[180,131621,131622],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[180,131624,131625],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[180,131627,131628],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[180,131630,30083,131631,131633],{},[25,131632,40496],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131635,924],{},[18,131637,131639],{"className":20,"code":131638,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[25,131640,131641,131653,131657,131682],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131642,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131644,84],{"class":34},[28,131646,39],{"class":38},[28,131648,43],{"class":42},[28,131650,3858],{"class":46},[28,131652,50],{"class":42},[28,131654,131655],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131656,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,131658,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,131660,115],{"class":114},[28,131662,94],{"class":93},[28,131664,157],{"class":120},[28,131666,385],{"class":93},[28,131668,35635],{"class":120},[28,131670,94],{"class":93},[28,131672,234],{"class":42},[28,131674,381],{"class":46},[28,131676,234],{"class":42},[28,131678,5136],{"class":93},[28,131680,131681],{"class":1006},"     # 1\n",[28,131683,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,131685,115],{"class":114},[28,131687,94],{"class":93},[28,131689,157],{"class":120},[28,131691,385],{"class":93},[28,131693,35635],{"class":120},[28,131695,94],{"class":93},[28,131697,234],{"class":42},[28,131699,123215],{"class":46},[28,131701,234],{"class":42},[28,131703,5136],{"class":93},[28,131705,131706],{"class":1006},"    # 2\n",[14,131708,1949],{},[177,131710,131711,131717],{},[180,131712,131713,128144,131715],{},[25,131714,17883],{},[25,131716,2756],{},[180,131718,131719,128144,131721],{},[25,131720,128143],{},[25,131722,1825],{},[14,131724,131725],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[18,131727,131729],{"className":20,"code":131728,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[25,131730,131731,131743,131747,131771],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131732,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131734,84],{"class":34},[28,131736,39],{"class":38},[28,131738,43],{"class":42},[28,131740,64],{"class":46},[28,131742,50],{"class":42},[28,131744,131745],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131746,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,131748,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,131750,115],{"class":114},[28,131752,94],{"class":93},[28,131754,157],{"class":120},[28,131756,385],{"class":93},[28,131758,35635],{"class":120},[28,131760,94],{"class":93},[28,131762,234],{"class":42},[28,131764,50970],{"class":46},[28,131766,234],{"class":42},[28,131768,5136],{"class":93},[28,131770,20556],{"class":1006},[28,131772,131773],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,131774,131775],{"class":1006},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[172,131777,1927],{"id":1926},[14,131779,1930],{},[18,131781,131783],{"className":20,"code":131782,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[25,131784,131785],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131786,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131788,60953],{"class":34},[28,131790,385],{"class":93},[28,131792,35635],{"class":120},[28,131794,94],{"class":93},[28,131796,2242],{"class":120},[28,131798,2759],{"class":93},[28,131800,35841],{"class":120},[28,131802,2759],{"class":93},[28,131804,64819],{"class":120},[28,131806,101],{"class":93},[14,131808,131809],{},"Parameters:",[177,131811,131812,131816,131820],{},[180,131813,131814,123314],{},[25,131815,2242],{},[180,131817,131818,128190],{},[25,131819,35862],{},[180,131821,131822,131824],{},[25,131823,52440],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131826,131827],{},"You can use just the value:",[18,131829,131831],{"className":20,"code":131830,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[25,131832,131833,131845],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131834,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131836,84],{"class":34},[28,131838,39],{"class":38},[28,131840,43],{"class":42},[28,131842,22],{"class":46},[28,131844,50],{"class":42},[28,131846,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131848,115],{"class":114},[28,131850,94],{"class":93},[28,131852,157],{"class":120},[28,131854,385],{"class":93},[28,131856,35635],{"class":120},[28,131858,94],{"class":93},[28,131860,234],{"class":42},[28,131862,63066],{"class":46},[28,131864,234],{"class":42},[28,131866,5136],{"class":93},[28,131868,51194],{"class":1006},[14,131870,131871],{},"Or include a start position:",[18,131873,131875],{"className":20,"code":131874,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[25,131876,131877,131889],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131878,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131880,84],{"class":34},[28,131882,39],{"class":38},[28,131884,43],{"class":42},[28,131886,3858],{"class":46},[28,131888,50],{"class":42},[28,131890,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131892,115],{"class":114},[28,131894,94],{"class":93},[28,131896,157],{"class":120},[28,131898,385],{"class":93},[28,131900,35635],{"class":120},[28,131902,94],{"class":93},[28,131904,234],{"class":42},[28,131906,381],{"class":46},[28,131908,234],{"class":42},[28,131910,2759],{"class":93},[28,131912,2762],{"class":97},[28,131914,5136],{"class":93},[28,131916,50550],{"class":1006},[14,131918,131919,131920,1323,131922,271],{},"Or include both ",[25,131921,35862],{},[25,131923,52440],{},[18,131925,131927],{"className":20,"code":131926,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[25,131928,131929,131941],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,131930,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,131932,84],{"class":34},[28,131934,39],{"class":38},[28,131936,43],{"class":42},[28,131938,3858],{"class":46},[28,131940,50],{"class":42},[28,131942,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,131944,115],{"class":114},[28,131946,94],{"class":93},[28,131948,157],{"class":120},[28,131950,385],{"class":93},[28,131952,35635],{"class":120},[28,131954,94],{"class":93},[28,131956,234],{"class":42},[28,131958,381],{"class":46},[28,131960,234],{"class":42},[28,131962,2759],{"class":93},[28,131964,2762],{"class":97},[28,131966,2759],{"class":93},[28,131968,4376],{"class":97},[28,131970,5136],{"class":93},[28,131972,50550],{"class":1006},[172,131974,37812],{"id":37811},[14,131976,28498,131977,131979,131980,385],{},[25,131978,58748],{}," is a ",[163,131981,131982],{},"zero-based index",[14,131984,1875],{},[177,131986,131987,131993,131998],{},[180,131988,131989,131990,131992],{},"Index ",[25,131991,1888],{}," is the first character",[180,131994,131989,131995,131997],{},[25,131996,2756],{}," is the second character",[180,131999,131989,132000,132002],{},[25,132001,1825],{}," is the third character",[14,132004,924],{},[18,132006,132008],{"className":20,"code":132007,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[25,132009,132010,132022,132026,132050,132074],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132011,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132013,84],{"class":34},[28,132015,39],{"class":38},[28,132017,43],{"class":42},[28,132019,36838],{"class":46},[28,132021,50],{"class":42},[28,132023,132024],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132025,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,132027,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132029,115],{"class":114},[28,132031,94],{"class":93},[28,132033,157],{"class":120},[28,132035,385],{"class":93},[28,132037,35635],{"class":120},[28,132039,94],{"class":93},[28,132041,234],{"class":42},[28,132043,9518],{"class":46},[28,132045,234],{"class":42},[28,132047,5136],{"class":93},[28,132049,51026],{"class":1006},[28,132051,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,132053,115],{"class":114},[28,132055,94],{"class":93},[28,132057,157],{"class":120},[28,132059,385],{"class":93},[28,132061,35635],{"class":120},[28,132063,94],{"class":93},[28,132065,234],{"class":42},[28,132067,381],{"class":46},[28,132069,234],{"class":42},[28,132071,5136],{"class":93},[28,132073,27569],{"class":1006},[28,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,132077,115],{"class":114},[28,132079,94],{"class":93},[28,132081,157],{"class":120},[28,132083,385],{"class":93},[28,132085,35635],{"class":120},[28,132087,94],{"class":93},[28,132089,234],{"class":42},[28,132091,63066],{"class":46},[28,132093,234],{"class":42},[28,132095,5136],{"class":93},[28,132097,51194],{"class":1006},[14,132099,132100,132102,132103,132105],{},[25,132101,58748],{}," returns only the ",[163,132104,29698],{}," matching position.",[18,132107,132109],{"className":20,"code":132108,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[25,132110,132111,132123],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132112,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132114,84],{"class":34},[28,132116,39],{"class":38},[28,132118,43],{"class":42},[28,132120,3858],{"class":46},[28,132122,50],{"class":42},[28,132124,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132126,115],{"class":114},[28,132128,94],{"class":93},[28,132130,157],{"class":120},[28,132132,385],{"class":93},[28,132134,35635],{"class":120},[28,132136,94],{"class":93},[28,132138,234],{"class":42},[28,132140,381],{"class":46},[28,132142,234],{"class":42},[28,132144,5136],{"class":93},[28,132146,27569],{"class":1006},[14,132148,260,132149,132151],{},[25,132150,17883],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132153,132154,132155,385],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[381,132156,132157,1689],{"href":124572},[25,132158,58370],{},[172,132160,8194,132161,1323,132163],{"id":65185},[25,132162,35862],{},[25,132164,52440],{},[14,132166,679,132167,1323,132169,132171],{},[25,132168,35862],{},[25,132170,52440],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132173,132174],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132176,45827,132177,271],{},[25,132178,35862],{},[18,132180,132182],{"className":20,"code":132181,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[25,132183,132184,132196,132200,132224,132252],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132185,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132187,84],{"class":34},[28,132189,39],{"class":38},[28,132191,43],{"class":42},[28,132193,3858],{"class":46},[28,132195,50],{"class":42},[28,132197,132198],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132199,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,132201,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132203,115],{"class":114},[28,132205,94],{"class":93},[28,132207,157],{"class":120},[28,132209,385],{"class":93},[28,132211,35635],{"class":120},[28,132213,94],{"class":93},[28,132215,234],{"class":42},[28,132217,381],{"class":46},[28,132219,234],{"class":42},[28,132221,5136],{"class":93},[28,132223,50899],{"class":1006},[28,132225,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,132227,115],{"class":114},[28,132229,94],{"class":93},[28,132231,157],{"class":120},[28,132233,385],{"class":93},[28,132235,35635],{"class":120},[28,132237,94],{"class":93},[28,132239,234],{"class":42},[28,132241,381],{"class":46},[28,132243,234],{"class":42},[28,132245,2759],{"class":93},[28,132247,2762],{"class":97},[28,132249,5136],{"class":93},[28,132251,50749],{"class":1006},[28,132253,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,132255,115],{"class":114},[28,132257,94],{"class":93},[28,132259,157],{"class":120},[28,132261,385],{"class":93},[28,132263,35635],{"class":120},[28,132265,94],{"class":93},[28,132267,234],{"class":42},[28,132269,381],{"class":46},[28,132271,234],{"class":42},[28,132273,2759],{"class":93},[28,132275,2226],{"class":97},[28,132277,5136],{"class":93},[28,132279,50533],{"class":1006},[14,132281,19745],{},[177,132283,132284,132291,132297],{},[180,132285,132286,132287,65375,132289],{},"The first search finds the first ",[25,132288,17883],{},[25,132290,2756],{},[180,132292,132293,132294,132296],{},"Starting at index ",[25,132295,1825],{}," skips that first match",[180,132298,132293,132299,132301,132302],{},[25,132300,2275],{}," finds the last ",[25,132303,17883],{},[14,132305,45827,132306,271],{},[25,132307,52440],{},[18,132309,132311],{"className":20,"code":132310,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[25,132312,132313,132325,132329],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132314,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132316,84],{"class":34},[28,132318,39],{"class":38},[28,132320,43],{"class":42},[28,132322,3858],{"class":46},[28,132324,50],{"class":42},[28,132326,132327],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132328,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,132330,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132332,115],{"class":114},[28,132334,94],{"class":93},[28,132336,157],{"class":120},[28,132338,385],{"class":93},[28,132340,35635],{"class":120},[28,132342,94],{"class":93},[28,132344,234],{"class":42},[28,132346,75809],{"class":46},[28,132348,234],{"class":42},[28,132350,2759],{"class":93},[28,132352,3602],{"class":97},[28,132354,2759],{"class":93},[28,132356,2226],{"class":97},[28,132358,5136],{"class":93},[28,132360,51194],{"class":1006},[14,132362,132363],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132365,132366],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[172,132368,44001,132370,132372],{"id":132369},"when-index-causes-an-error",[25,132371,58748],{}," causes an error",[14,132374,132375,132376,52274,132378,385],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[25,132377,58748],{},[25,132379,40496],{},[14,132381,924],{},[18,132383,132385],{"className":20,"code":132384,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[25,132386,132387,132399],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132388,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132390,84],{"class":34},[28,132392,39],{"class":38},[28,132394,43],{"class":42},[28,132396,238],{"class":46},[28,132398,50],{"class":42},[28,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132402,115],{"class":114},[28,132404,94],{"class":93},[28,132406,157],{"class":120},[28,132408,385],{"class":93},[28,132410,35635],{"class":120},[28,132412,94],{"class":93},[28,132414,234],{"class":42},[28,132416,21864],{"class":46},[28,132418,234],{"class":42},[28,132420,318],{"class":93},[14,132422,336],{},[18,132424,132426],{"className":20,"code":132425,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[25,132427,132428],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132429,132430,132432,132434,132437,132439],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132431,40496],{"class":89},[28,132433,271],{"class":93},[28,132435,132436],{"class":34}," substring ",[28,132438,4402],{"class":38},[28,132440,65608],{"class":34},[14,132442,53121,132443,1648,132448,132450],{},[381,132444,132445],{"href":129575},[25,132446,132447],{},"str.find()",[25,132449,65633],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132452,132453,132454,1323,132456,271],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[25,132455,29593],{},[25,132457,29624],{},[18,132459,132461],{"className":20,"code":132460,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[25,132462,132463,132475,132479,132485,132508,132518,132526],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132464,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132466,84],{"class":34},[28,132468,39],{"class":38},[28,132470,43],{"class":42},[28,132472,238],{"class":46},[28,132474,50],{"class":42},[28,132476,132477],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132478,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,132480,132481,132483],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132482,29593],{"class":3644},[28,132484,6170],{"class":93},[28,132486,132487,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,132488,132489],{"class":34},"    position ",[28,132491,39],{"class":38},[28,132493,42632],{"class":34},[28,132495,385],{"class":93},[28,132497,35635],{"class":120},[28,132499,94],{"class":93},[28,132501,234],{"class":42},[28,132503,21864],{"class":46},[28,132505,234],{"class":42},[28,132507,101],{"class":93},[28,132509,132510,132512,132514,132516],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,132511,7844],{"class":114},[28,132513,94],{"class":93},[28,132515,64725],{"class":120},[28,132517,101],{"class":93},[28,132519,132520,132522,132524],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,132521,29624],{"class":3644},[28,132523,41718],{"class":89},[28,132525,6170],{"class":93},[28,132527,132528,132530,132532,132534,132537,132539],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,132529,7844],{"class":114},[28,132531,94],{"class":93},[28,132533,234],{"class":42},[28,132535,132536],{"class":46},"Substring not found",[28,132538,234],{"class":42},[28,132540,101],{"class":93},[14,132542,132543],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132545,41738,132546,385],{},[381,132547,25468,132549],{"href":132548},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[25,132550,128902],{},[172,132552,132554,10365,132556],{"id":132553},"index-vs-find",[25,132555,58748],{},[25,132557,124117],{},[14,132559,132560,1323,132562,132564],{},[25,132561,58748],{},[25,132563,124117],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1109,132566,132567],{"id":35635},[25,132568,58748],{},[177,132570,132571,132574],{},[180,132572,132573],{},"Returns the first match position",[180,132575,132576],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[18,132578,132580],{"className":20,"code":132579,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[25,132581,132582,132594,132618],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132583,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132585,84],{"class":34},[28,132587,39],{"class":38},[28,132589,43],{"class":42},[28,132591,238],{"class":46},[28,132593,50],{"class":42},[28,132595,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132597,115],{"class":114},[28,132599,94],{"class":93},[28,132601,157],{"class":120},[28,132603,385],{"class":93},[28,132605,35635],{"class":120},[28,132607,94],{"class":93},[28,132609,234],{"class":42},[28,132611,60228],{"class":46},[28,132613,234],{"class":42},[28,132615,5136],{"class":93},[28,132617,27569],{"class":1006},[28,132619,132620],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132621,132622],{"class":1006},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1109,132624,132625],{"id":127956},[25,132626,124117],{},[177,132628,132629,132631],{},[180,132630,132573],{},[180,132632,11204,132633,132635],{},[25,132634,65633],{}," if nothing is found",[18,132637,132639],{"className":20,"code":132638,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[25,132640,132641,132653,132677],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132642,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132644,84],{"class":34},[28,132646,39],{"class":38},[28,132648,43],{"class":42},[28,132650,238],{"class":46},[28,132652,50],{"class":42},[28,132654,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132656,115],{"class":114},[28,132658,94],{"class":93},[28,132660,157],{"class":120},[28,132662,385],{"class":93},[28,132664,127956],{"class":120},[28,132666,94],{"class":93},[28,132668,234],{"class":42},[28,132670,60228],{"class":46},[28,132672,234],{"class":42},[28,132674,5136],{"class":93},[28,132676,27569],{"class":1006},[28,132678,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132680,115],{"class":114},[28,132682,94],{"class":93},[28,132684,157],{"class":120},[28,132686,385],{"class":93},[28,132688,127956],{"class":120},[28,132690,94],{"class":93},[28,132692,234],{"class":42},[28,132694,21864],{"class":46},[28,132696,234],{"class":42},[28,132698,5136],{"class":93},[28,132700,128312],{"class":1006},[14,132702,1631,132703,132705],{},[25,132704,58748],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132707,1631,132708,132710],{},[25,132709,124117],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132712,132713,132714,474,132719,385],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[381,132715,132716,132718],{"href":129575},[25,132717,132447],{}," method reference",[381,132720,126967],{"href":132721},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[172,132723,1104],{"id":1103},[14,132725,132726,132727,271],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[25,132728,58748],{},[177,132730,132731,132734,132741,132746,132751],{},[180,132732,132733],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[180,132735,8230,132736,8233,132738,132740],{},[25,132737,58748],{},[25,132739,65633],{}," when no match exists",[180,132742,8194,132743,132745],{},[25,132744,58748],{}," on a value that may not be present",[180,132747,132748,132749],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[25,132750,2756],{},[180,132752,1320,132753,132755],{},[25,132754,58748],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132757,62074],{},[18,132759,132761],{"className":20,"code":132760,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[25,132762,132763,132773,132787,132809,132831],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,132764,132765,132767,132769,132771],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,132766,115],{"class":114},[28,132768,94],{"class":93},[28,132770,157],{"class":120},[28,132772,101],{"class":93},[28,132774,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,132776,115],{"class":114},[28,132778,94],{"class":93},[28,132780,1574],{"class":114},[28,132782,94],{"class":93},[28,132784,157],{"class":120},[28,132786,318],{"class":93},[28,132788,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,132790,115],{"class":114},[28,132792,94],{"class":93},[28,132794,157],{"class":120},[28,132796,385],{"class":93},[28,132798,35635],{"class":120},[28,132800,94],{"class":93},[28,132802,234],{"class":42},[28,132804,2242],{"class":46},[28,132806,234],{"class":42},[28,132808,318],{"class":93},[28,132810,132811,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,132812,115],{"class":114},[28,132814,94],{"class":93},[28,132816,157],{"class":120},[28,132818,385],{"class":93},[28,132820,127956],{"class":120},[28,132822,94],{"class":93},[28,132824,234],{"class":42},[28,132826,2242],{"class":46},[28,132828,234],{"class":42},[28,132830,318],{"class":93},[28,132832,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,132834,115],{"class":114},[28,132836,94],{"class":93},[28,132838,157],{"class":120},[28,132840,385],{"class":93},[28,132842,35635],{"class":120},[28,132844,94],{"class":93},[28,132846,234],{"class":42},[28,132848,2242],{"class":46},[28,132850,234],{"class":42},[28,132852,2759],{"class":93},[28,132854,35841],{"class":120},[28,132856,2759],{"class":93},[28,132858,64819],{"class":120},[28,132860,318],{"class":93},[14,132862,132863],{},"Tips:",[177,132865,132866,132871,132876,132879],{},[180,132867,1631,132868,132870],{},[25,132869,1599],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[180,132872,1631,132873,132875],{},[25,132874,124117],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[180,132877,132878],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[180,132880,132881,132882],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[25,132883,1888],{},[172,132885,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,132887,129435,132889,12499],{"id":132888},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[25,132890,58748],{},[14,132892,132893],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1109,132895,132897],{"id":132896},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,132899,76637,132900,385],{},[25,132901,40496],{},[1109,132903,4953,132905,1323,132907,2262],{"id":132904},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[25,132906,58748],{},[25,132908,124117],{},[14,132910,132911,132913,132914,2166,132916,6406],{},[25,132912,58748],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[25,132915,124117],{},[25,132917,65633],{},[1109,132919,4943,132921,132923],{"id":132920},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[25,132922,58748],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,132925,132926],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1109,132928,132930,132931,124458],{"id":132929},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[25,132932,58748],{},[14,132934,129460],{},[172,132936,1662],{"id":1661},[177,132938,132939,132945,132949,132954,132960],{},[180,132940,132941],{},[381,132942,132943,1689],{"href":129575},[25,132944,132447],{},[180,132946,132947],{},[381,132948,124521],{"href":132721},[180,132950,132951],{},[381,132952,129536],{"href":132953},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[180,132955,132956],{},[381,132957,132958,1689],{"href":124572},[25,132959,58370],{},[180,132961,132962],{},[381,132963,30137,132964],{"href":132548},[25,132965,128902],{},[1699,132967,132968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":132970},[132971,132972,132974,132975,132976,132977,132979,132984,132985,132996],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":131607,"depth":53,"text":132973},"What str.index() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":37811,"depth":53,"text":37812},{"id":65185,"depth":53,"text":65968},{"id":132369,"depth":53,"text":132978},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132553,"depth":53,"text":132980,"children":132981},"index() vs find()",[132982,132983],{"id":35635,"depth":70,"text":58748},{"id":127956,"depth":70,"text":124117},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":132986},[132987,132989,132990,132992,132994],{"id":132888,"depth":70,"text":132988},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132896,"depth":70,"text":132897},{"id":132904,"depth":70,"text":132991},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132920,"depth":70,"text":132993},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132929,"depth":70,"text":132995},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131516,"description":132997},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133004,"title":133005,"body":133006,"description":135781,"extension":1730,"meta":135782,"navigation":107,"path":135783,"seo":135784,"stem":135785,"__hash__":135786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133007,"toc":135717},[133008,133014,133019,133022,133025,133036,133038,133107,133109,133123,133128,133133,133138,133140,133183,133185,133268,133270,133316,133322,133324,133326,133346,133348,133371,133373,133447,133449,133468,133473,133475,133479,133551,133553,133567,133571,133647,133649,133668,133672,133766,133768,133777,133784,133860,133862,133880,133884,133887,133894,133943,133945,133954,133961,134020,134022,134040,134043,134050,134109,134111,134129,134136,134193,134195,134204,134208,134213,134217,134276,134278,134296,134300,134347,134352,134355,134424,134426,134443,134450,134456,134511,134516,134519,134596,134598,134616,134622,134628,134688,134690,134709,134715,134718,134725,134778,134783,134785,134846,134855,134862,134864,134921,134926,134928,134999,135003,135058,135060,135069,135074,135080,135149,135151,135183,135189,135197,135204,135210,135275,135277,135286,135292,135373,135375,135384,135389,135403,135410,135414,135419,135447,135449,135582,135585,135622,135624,135630,135639,135644,135647,135652,135657,135663,135666,135675,135678,135680,135709,135714],[10,133009,123122,133011,11102],{"id":133010},"python-string-join-method",[25,133012,133013],{},"join()",[14,133015,123127,133016,133018],{},[25,133017,133013],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133020,133021],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133023,133024],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[177,133026,133027,133033],{},[180,133028,133029,133030,133032],{},"You call ",[25,133031,133013],{}," on the separator string",[180,133034,133035],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[172,133037,3373],{"id":3372},[18,133039,133041],{"className":20,"code":133040,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[25,133042,133043,133076,133097],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133044,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133072,133074],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133046,3840],{"class":34},[28,133048,39],{"class":38},[28,133050,3388],{"class":93},[28,133052,234],{"class":42},[28,133054,892],{"class":46},[28,133056,234],{"class":42},[28,133058,2759],{"class":93},[28,133060,43],{"class":42},[28,133062,11976],{"class":46},[28,133064,234],{"class":42},[28,133066,2759],{"class":93},[28,133068,43],{"class":42},[28,133070,133071],{"class":46},"fun",[28,133073,234],{"class":42},[28,133075,3401],{"class":93},[28,133077,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133091,133093,133095],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133079,1999],{"class":34},[28,133081,39],{"class":38},[28,133083,43],{"class":42},[28,133085,43],{"class":42},[28,133087,385],{"class":93},[28,133089,133090],{"class":120},"join",[28,133092,94],{"class":93},[28,133094,3884],{"class":120},[28,133096,101],{"class":93},[28,133098,133099,133101,133103,133105],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133100,115],{"class":114},[28,133102,94],{"class":93},[28,133104,2033],{"class":120},[28,133106,101],{"class":93},[14,133108,336],{},[18,133110,133112],{"className":20,"code":133111,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Python is fun\n",[25,133113,133114],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133115,133116,133118,133120],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133117,858],{"class":34},[28,133119,11976],{"class":38},[28,133121,133122],{"class":34}," fun\n",[14,133124,1631,133125,133127],{},[25,133126,133013],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[172,133129,3445,133131,3448],{"id":133130},"what-join-does",[25,133132,133013],{},[14,133134,133135,133137],{},[25,133136,133013],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133139,11239],{},[177,133141,133142,133149,133177,133180],{},[180,133143,133144,133145,133148],{},"It uses the string before ",[25,133146,133147],{},".join()"," as the separator",[180,133150,133151,133152],{},"Common separators are:\n",[177,133153,133154,133160,133166,133172],{},[180,133155,133156,133159],{},[25,133157,133158],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[180,133161,133162,133165],{},[25,133163,133164],{},"\", \""," for commas",[180,133167,133168,133171],{},[25,133169,133170],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[180,133173,133174,133176],{},[25,133175,473],{}," for no separator",[180,133178,133179],{},"It returns a new string",[180,133181,133182],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133184,924],{},[18,133186,133188],{"className":20,"code":133187,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[25,133189,133190,133222,133244,133248,133258],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133191,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133193,3840],{"class":34},[28,133195,39],{"class":38},[28,133197,3388],{"class":93},[28,133199,234],{"class":42},[28,133201,12877],{"class":46},[28,133203,234],{"class":42},[28,133205,2759],{"class":93},[28,133207,43],{"class":42},[28,133209,17242],{"class":46},[28,133211,234],{"class":42},[28,133213,2759],{"class":93},[28,133215,43],{"class":42},[28,133217,12894],{"class":46},[28,133219,234],{"class":42},[28,133221,3401],{"class":93},[28,133223,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133225,1999],{"class":34},[28,133227,39],{"class":38},[28,133229,43],{"class":42},[28,133231,1959],{"class":46},[28,133233,234],{"class":42},[28,133235,385],{"class":93},[28,133237,133090],{"class":120},[28,133239,94],{"class":93},[28,133241,3884],{"class":120},[28,133243,101],{"class":93},[28,133245,133246],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133247,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,133249,133250,133252,133254,133256],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,133251,115],{"class":114},[28,133253,94],{"class":93},[28,133255,2033],{"class":120},[28,133257,101],{"class":93},[28,133259,133260,133262,133264,133266],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,133261,115],{"class":114},[28,133263,94],{"class":93},[28,133265,3884],{"class":120},[28,133267,101],{"class":93},[14,133269,336],{},[18,133271,133273],{"className":20,"code":133272,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[25,133274,133275,133288],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133276,133277,133279,133281,133284,133286],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133278,12877],{"class":34},[28,133280,2759],{"class":93},[28,133282,133283],{"class":34}," green",[28,133285,2759],{"class":93},[28,133287,35670],{"class":34},[28,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133291,3669],{"class":93},[28,133293,358],{"class":42},[28,133295,12877],{"class":46},[28,133297,358],{"class":42},[28,133299,2759],{"class":93},[28,133301,61],{"class":42},[28,133303,17242],{"class":46},[28,133305,358],{"class":42},[28,133307,2759],{"class":93},[28,133309,61],{"class":42},[28,133311,12894],{"class":46},[28,133313,358],{"class":42},[28,133315,3401],{"class":93},[14,133317,133318,133319,133321],{},"The list stays the same. ",[25,133320,133013],{}," creates a new string.",[172,133323,1927],{"id":1926},[14,133325,6994],{},[18,133327,133329],{"className":20,"code":133328,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[25,133330,133331],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133332,133333,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133334,133335],{"class":34},"separator",[28,133337,385],{"class":93},[28,133339,133090],{"class":120},[28,133341,94],{"class":93},[28,133343,3489],{"class":120},[28,133345,101],{"class":93},[1109,133347,48791],{"id":48790},[177,133349,133350,133363,133368],{},[180,133351,133352,133354,133355,1959,133357,1959,133359,1963,133361],{},[25,133353,133335],{}," is a string such as ",[25,133356,133158],{},[25,133358,133164],{},[25,133360,133170],{},[25,133362,473],{},[180,133364,133365,133367],{},[25,133366,3489],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[180,133369,133370],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133372,924],{},[18,133374,133376],{"className":20,"code":133375,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,133377,133378,133410,133433,133437],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133379,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133381,4768],{"class":34},[28,133383,39],{"class":38},[28,133385,3388],{"class":93},[28,133387,234],{"class":42},[28,133389,12664],{"class":46},[28,133391,234],{"class":42},[28,133393,2759],{"class":93},[28,133395,43],{"class":42},[28,133397,35730],{"class":46},[28,133399,234],{"class":42},[28,133401,2759],{"class":93},[28,133403,43],{"class":42},[28,133405,35739],{"class":46},[28,133407,234],{"class":42},[28,133409,3401],{"class":93},[28,133411,133412,133414,133416,133418,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133413,1999],{"class":34},[28,133415,39],{"class":38},[28,133417,43],{"class":42},[28,133419,133420],{"class":46}," | ",[28,133422,234],{"class":42},[28,133424,385],{"class":93},[28,133426,133090],{"class":120},[28,133428,94],{"class":93},[28,133430,4811],{"class":120},[28,133432,101],{"class":93},[28,133434,133435],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133436,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,133438,133439,133441,133443,133445],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,133440,115],{"class":114},[28,133442,94],{"class":93},[28,133444,2033],{"class":120},[28,133446,101],{"class":93},[14,133448,336],{},[18,133450,133452],{"className":20,"code":133451,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[25,133453,133454],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133455,133456,133459,133461,133464,133466],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133457,133458],{"class":34},"Ana ",[28,133460,113630],{"class":38},[28,133462,133463],{"class":34}," Ben ",[28,133465,113630],{"class":38},[28,133467,35811],{"class":34},[14,133469,133470,133471,385],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[381,133472,384],{"href":383},[172,133474,121654],{"id":121653},[1109,133476,133478],{"id":133477},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[18,133480,133482],{"className":20,"code":133481,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,133483,133484,133517,133537,133541],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133485,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133513,133515],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133487,3840],{"class":34},[28,133489,39],{"class":38},[28,133491,3388],{"class":93},[28,133493,234],{"class":42},[28,133495,892],{"class":46},[28,133497,234],{"class":42},[28,133499,2759],{"class":93},[28,133501,43],{"class":42},[28,133503,11976],{"class":46},[28,133505,234],{"class":42},[28,133507,2759],{"class":93},[28,133509,43],{"class":42},[28,133511,133512],{"class":46},"easy",[28,133514,234],{"class":42},[28,133516,3401],{"class":93},[28,133518,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133520,1999],{"class":34},[28,133522,39],{"class":38},[28,133524,43],{"class":42},[28,133526,43],{"class":42},[28,133528,385],{"class":93},[28,133530,133090],{"class":120},[28,133532,94],{"class":93},[28,133534,3884],{"class":120},[28,133536,101],{"class":93},[28,133538,133539],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133540,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,133542,133543,133545,133547,133549],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,133544,115],{"class":114},[28,133546,94],{"class":93},[28,133548,2033],{"class":120},[28,133550,101],{"class":93},[14,133552,336],{},[18,133554,133556],{"className":20,"code":133555,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Python is easy\n",[25,133557,133558],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133559,133560,133562,133564],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133561,858],{"class":34},[28,133563,11976],{"class":38},[28,133565,133566],{"class":34}," easy\n",[1109,133568,133570],{"id":133569},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[18,133572,133574],{"className":20,"code":133573,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,133575,133576,133611,133633,133637],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133577,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133589,133591,133593,133595,133598,133600,133602,133604,133607,133609],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133579,7555],{"class":34},[28,133581,39],{"class":38},[28,133583,3388],{"class":93},[28,133585,234],{"class":42},[28,133587,133588],{"class":46},"apples",[28,133590,234],{"class":42},[28,133592,2759],{"class":93},[28,133594,43],{"class":42},[28,133596,133597],{"class":46},"bananas",[28,133599,234],{"class":42},[28,133601,2759],{"class":93},[28,133603,43],{"class":42},[28,133605,133606],{"class":46},"oranges",[28,133608,234],{"class":42},[28,133610,3401],{"class":93},[28,133612,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133614,1999],{"class":34},[28,133616,39],{"class":38},[28,133618,43],{"class":42},[28,133620,1959],{"class":46},[28,133622,234],{"class":42},[28,133624,385],{"class":93},[28,133626,133090],{"class":120},[28,133628,94],{"class":93},[28,133630,7586],{"class":120},[28,133632,101],{"class":93},[28,133634,133635],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133636,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,133638,133639,133641,133643,133645],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,133640,115],{"class":114},[28,133642,94],{"class":93},[28,133644,2033],{"class":120},[28,133646,101],{"class":93},[14,133648,336],{},[18,133650,133652],{"className":20,"code":133651,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[25,133653,133654],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133655,133656,133658,133660,133663,133665],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133657,133588],{"class":34},[28,133659,2759],{"class":93},[28,133661,133662],{"class":34}," bananas",[28,133664,2759],{"class":93},[28,133666,133667],{"class":34}," oranges\n",[1109,133669,133671],{"id":133670},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[18,133673,133675],{"className":20,"code":133674,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,133676,133677,133734,133752,133756],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133678,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133680,35880],{"class":34},[28,133682,39],{"class":38},[28,133684,3388],{"class":93},[28,133686,234],{"class":42},[28,133688,133689],{"class":46},"P",[28,133691,234],{"class":42},[28,133693,2759],{"class":93},[28,133695,43],{"class":42},[28,133697,11527],{"class":46},[28,133699,234],{"class":42},[28,133701,2759],{"class":93},[28,133703,43],{"class":42},[28,133705,63066],{"class":46},[28,133707,234],{"class":42},[28,133709,2759],{"class":93},[28,133711,43],{"class":42},[28,133713,60219],{"class":46},[28,133715,234],{"class":42},[28,133717,2759],{"class":93},[28,133719,43],{"class":42},[28,133721,60254],{"class":46},[28,133723,234],{"class":42},[28,133725,2759],{"class":93},[28,133727,43],{"class":42},[28,133729,75809],{"class":46},[28,133731,234],{"class":42},[28,133733,3401],{"class":93},[28,133735,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133737,1999],{"class":34},[28,133739,39],{"class":38},[28,133741,5903],{"class":42},[28,133743,385],{"class":93},[28,133745,133090],{"class":120},[28,133747,94],{"class":93},[28,133749,35933],{"class":120},[28,133751,101],{"class":93},[28,133753,133754],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133755,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,133757,133758,133760,133762,133764],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,133759,115],{"class":114},[28,133761,94],{"class":93},[28,133763,2033],{"class":120},[28,133765,101],{"class":93},[14,133767,336],{},[18,133769,133771],{"className":20,"code":133770,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Python\n",[25,133772,133773],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133774,133775],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133776,133770],{"class":34},[1109,133778,133780,133781,133783],{"id":133779},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[25,133782,133013],{}," returns the result",[18,133785,133787],{"className":20,"code":133786,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[25,133788,133789,133822,133845,133849],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133790,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133818,133820],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133792,3840],{"class":34},[28,133794,39],{"class":38},[28,133796,3388],{"class":93},[28,133798,234],{"class":42},[28,133800,6360],{"class":46},[28,133802,234],{"class":42},[28,133804,2759],{"class":93},[28,133806,43],{"class":42},[28,133808,79050],{"class":46},[28,133810,234],{"class":42},[28,133812,2759],{"class":93},[28,133814,43],{"class":42},[28,133816,133817],{"class":46},"three",[28,133819,234],{"class":42},[28,133821,3401],{"class":93},[28,133823,133824,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133825,133826],{"class":34},"joined_text ",[28,133828,39],{"class":38},[28,133830,43],{"class":42},[28,133832,1790],{"class":46},[28,133834,234],{"class":42},[28,133836,385],{"class":93},[28,133838,133090],{"class":120},[28,133840,94],{"class":93},[28,133842,3884],{"class":120},[28,133844,101],{"class":93},[28,133846,133847],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,133848,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,133850,133851,133853,133855,133858],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,133852,115],{"class":114},[28,133854,94],{"class":93},[28,133856,133857],{"class":120},"joined_text",[28,133859,101],{"class":93},[14,133861,336],{},[18,133863,133865],{"className":20,"code":133864,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"one-two-three\n",[25,133866,133867],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133868,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133870,6360],{"class":34},[28,133872,1790],{"class":38},[28,133874,79050],{"class":34},[28,133876,1790],{"class":38},[28,133878,133879],{"class":34},"three\n",[172,133881,133883],{"id":133882},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,133885,133886],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1109,133888,133890,133893],{"id":133889},"join-adds-spaces",[25,133891,133892],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[18,133895,133897],{"className":20,"code":133896,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[25,133898,133899,133923],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133902,3840],{"class":34},[28,133904,39],{"class":38},[28,133906,3388],{"class":93},[28,133908,234],{"class":42},[28,133910,238],{"class":46},[28,133912,234],{"class":42},[28,133914,2759],{"class":93},[28,133916,43],{"class":42},[28,133918,60372],{"class":46},[28,133920,234],{"class":42},[28,133922,3401],{"class":93},[28,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,133926,115],{"class":114},[28,133928,94],{"class":93},[28,133930,234],{"class":42},[28,133932,43],{"class":42},[28,133934,385],{"class":93},[28,133936,133090],{"class":120},[28,133938,94],{"class":93},[28,133940,3884],{"class":120},[28,133942,318],{"class":93},[14,133944,336],{},[18,133946,133948],{"className":20,"code":133947,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"hello world\n",[25,133949,133950],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133951,133952],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133953,133947],{"class":34},[1109,133955,133957,133960],{"id":133956},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[25,133958,133959],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[18,133962,133964],{"className":20,"code":133963,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[25,133965,133966,133998],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,133967,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,133969,12860],{"class":34},[28,133971,39],{"class":38},[28,133973,3388],{"class":93},[28,133975,234],{"class":42},[28,133977,12877],{"class":46},[28,133979,234],{"class":42},[28,133981,2759],{"class":93},[28,133983,43],{"class":42},[28,133985,12894],{"class":46},[28,133987,234],{"class":42},[28,133989,2759],{"class":93},[28,133991,43],{"class":42},[28,133993,17242],{"class":46},[28,133995,234],{"class":42},[28,133997,3401],{"class":93},[28,133999,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134001,115],{"class":114},[28,134003,94],{"class":93},[28,134005,234],{"class":42},[28,134007,1959],{"class":46},[28,134009,234],{"class":42},[28,134011,385],{"class":93},[28,134013,133090],{"class":120},[28,134015,94],{"class":93},[28,134017,17289],{"class":120},[28,134019,318],{"class":93},[14,134021,336],{},[18,134023,134025],{"className":20,"code":134024,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"red, blue, green\n",[25,134026,134027],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134028,134029,134031,134033,134036,134038],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134030,12877],{"class":34},[28,134032,2759],{"class":93},[28,134034,134035],{"class":34}," blue",[28,134037,2759],{"class":93},[28,134039,35663],{"class":34},[14,134041,134042],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1109,134044,134046,134049],{"id":134045},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[25,134047,134048],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[18,134051,134053],{"className":20,"code":134052,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[25,134054,134055,134087],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134056,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134058,42627],{"class":34},[28,134060,39],{"class":38},[28,134062,3388],{"class":93},[28,134064,234],{"class":42},[28,134066,22],{"class":46},[28,134068,234],{"class":42},[28,134070,2759],{"class":93},[28,134072,43],{"class":42},[28,134074,60953],{"class":46},[28,134076,234],{"class":42},[28,134078,2759],{"class":93},[28,134080,43],{"class":42},[28,134082,133090],{"class":46},[28,134084,234],{"class":42},[28,134086,3401],{"class":93},[28,134088,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134090,115],{"class":114},[28,134092,94],{"class":93},[28,134094,234],{"class":42},[28,134096,1790],{"class":46},[28,134098,234],{"class":42},[28,134100,385],{"class":93},[28,134102,133090],{"class":120},[28,134104,94],{"class":93},[28,134106,42659],{"class":120},[28,134108,318],{"class":93},[14,134110,336],{},[18,134112,134114],{"className":20,"code":134113,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"python-string-join\n",[25,134115,134116],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134117,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134119,22],{"class":34},[28,134121,1790],{"class":38},[28,134123,60953],{"class":34},[28,134125,1790],{"class":38},[28,134127,134128],{"class":34},"join\n",[1109,134130,134132,134135],{"id":134131},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[25,134133,134134],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[18,134137,134139],{"className":20,"code":134138,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[25,134140,134141,134174],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134142,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134170,134172],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134144,112702],{"class":34},[28,134146,39],{"class":38},[28,134148,3388],{"class":93},[28,134150,234],{"class":42},[28,134152,22032],{"class":46},[28,134154,234],{"class":42},[28,134156,2759],{"class":93},[28,134158,43],{"class":42},[28,134160,30390],{"class":46},[28,134162,234],{"class":42},[28,134164,2759],{"class":93},[28,134166,43],{"class":42},[28,134168,134169],{"class":46},"C",[28,134171,234],{"class":42},[28,134173,3401],{"class":93},[28,134175,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134191],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134177,115],{"class":114},[28,134179,94],{"class":93},[28,134181,473],{"class":42},[28,134183,385],{"class":93},[28,134185,133090],{"class":120},[28,134187,94],{"class":93},[28,134189,134190],{"class":120},"chars",[28,134192,318],{"class":93},[14,134194,336],{},[18,134196,134198],{"className":20,"code":134197,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ABC\n",[25,134199,134200],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134201,134202],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134203,134197],{"class":1044},[172,134205,134207],{"id":134206},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134209,134210,134212],{},[25,134211,133013],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1109,134214,134216],{"id":134215},"this-works","This works",[18,134218,134220],{"className":20,"code":134219,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[25,134221,134222,134254],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134223,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134225,3591],{"class":34},[28,134227,39],{"class":38},[28,134229,3388],{"class":93},[28,134231,234],{"class":42},[28,134233,2099],{"class":46},[28,134235,234],{"class":42},[28,134237,2759],{"class":93},[28,134239,43],{"class":42},[28,134241,15539],{"class":46},[28,134243,234],{"class":42},[28,134245,2759],{"class":93},[28,134247,43],{"class":42},[28,134249,36632],{"class":46},[28,134251,234],{"class":42},[28,134253,3401],{"class":93},[28,134255,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134257,115],{"class":114},[28,134259,94],{"class":93},[28,134261,234],{"class":42},[28,134263,1959],{"class":46},[28,134265,234],{"class":42},[28,134267,385],{"class":93},[28,134269,133090],{"class":120},[28,134271,94],{"class":93},[28,134273,5133],{"class":120},[28,134275,318],{"class":93},[14,134277,336],{},[18,134279,134281],{"className":20,"code":134280,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10, 20, 30\n",[25,134282,134283],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134284,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134286,2099],{"class":97},[28,134288,2759],{"class":93},[28,134290,7566],{"class":97},[28,134292,2759],{"class":93},[28,134294,134295],{"class":97}," 30\n",[1109,134297,134299],{"id":134298},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[18,134301,134303],{"className":20,"code":134302,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[25,134304,134305,134325],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134306,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134308,3591],{"class":34},[28,134310,39],{"class":38},[28,134312,3388],{"class":93},[28,134314,2756],{"class":97},[28,134316,2759],{"class":93},[28,134318,2762],{"class":97},[28,134320,2759],{"class":93},[28,134322,2221],{"class":97},[28,134324,3401],{"class":93},[28,134326,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134328,115],{"class":114},[28,134330,94],{"class":93},[28,134332,234],{"class":42},[28,134334,1959],{"class":46},[28,134336,234],{"class":42},[28,134338,385],{"class":93},[28,134340,133090],{"class":120},[28,134342,94],{"class":93},[28,134344,5133],{"class":120},[28,134346,318],{"class":93},[14,134348,90081,134349,134351],{},[25,134350,2775],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134353,134354],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[18,134356,134358],{"className":20,"code":134357,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,134359,134360,134380,134410,134414],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134361,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134363,3591],{"class":34},[28,134365,39],{"class":38},[28,134367,3388],{"class":93},[28,134369,2756],{"class":97},[28,134371,2759],{"class":93},[28,134373,2762],{"class":97},[28,134375,2759],{"class":93},[28,134377,2221],{"class":97},[28,134379,3401],{"class":93},[28,134381,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134383,1999],{"class":34},[28,134385,39],{"class":38},[28,134387,43],{"class":42},[28,134389,1959],{"class":46},[28,134391,234],{"class":42},[28,134393,385],{"class":93},[28,134395,133090],{"class":120},[28,134397,94],{"class":93},[28,134399,39652],{"class":114},[28,134401,94],{"class":93},[28,134403,355],{"class":89},[28,134405,2759],{"class":93},[28,134407,3654],{"class":120},[28,134409,318],{"class":93},[28,134411,134412],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,134413,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,134415,134416,134418,134420,134422],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,134417,115],{"class":114},[28,134419,94],{"class":93},[28,134421,2033],{"class":120},[28,134423,101],{"class":93},[14,134425,336],{},[18,134427,134429],{"className":20,"code":134428,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"1, 2, 3\n",[25,134430,134431],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134432,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134434,2756],{"class":97},[28,134436,2759],{"class":93},[28,134438,2762],{"class":97},[28,134440,2759],{"class":93},[28,134442,2347],{"class":97},[14,134444,134445,134446,385],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[381,134447,858,134448,861],{"href":857},[25,134449,169],{},[1109,134451,134453,134455],{"id":134452},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[25,134454,3546],{}," values do not work directly",[18,134457,134459],{"className":20,"code":134458,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[25,134460,134461,134489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134462,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134464,3591],{"class":34},[28,134466,39],{"class":38},[28,134468,3388],{"class":93},[28,134470,234],{"class":42},[28,134472,3849],{"class":46},[28,134474,234],{"class":42},[28,134476,2759],{"class":93},[28,134478,3620],{"class":776},[28,134480,2759],{"class":93},[28,134482,43],{"class":42},[28,134484,3858],{"class":46},[28,134486,234],{"class":42},[28,134488,3401],{"class":93},[28,134490,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134492,115],{"class":114},[28,134494,94],{"class":93},[28,134496,234],{"class":42},[28,134498,1959],{"class":46},[28,134500,234],{"class":42},[28,134502,385],{"class":93},[28,134504,133090],{"class":120},[28,134506,94],{"class":93},[28,134508,5133],{"class":120},[28,134510,318],{"class":93},[14,134512,134513,134514,385],{},"This also causes a ",[25,134515,2775],{},[14,134517,134518],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[18,134520,134522],{"className":20,"code":134521,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,134523,134524,134552,134582,134586],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134525,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134527,3591],{"class":34},[28,134529,39],{"class":38},[28,134531,3388],{"class":93},[28,134533,234],{"class":42},[28,134535,3849],{"class":46},[28,134537,234],{"class":42},[28,134539,2759],{"class":93},[28,134541,3620],{"class":776},[28,134543,2759],{"class":93},[28,134545,43],{"class":42},[28,134547,3858],{"class":46},[28,134549,234],{"class":42},[28,134551,3401],{"class":93},[28,134553,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134555,1999],{"class":34},[28,134557,39],{"class":38},[28,134559,43],{"class":42},[28,134561,1959],{"class":46},[28,134563,234],{"class":42},[28,134565,385],{"class":93},[28,134567,133090],{"class":120},[28,134569,94],{"class":93},[28,134571,39652],{"class":114},[28,134573,94],{"class":93},[28,134575,355],{"class":89},[28,134577,2759],{"class":93},[28,134579,3654],{"class":120},[28,134581,318],{"class":93},[28,134583,134584],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,134585,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,134587,134588,134590,134592,134594],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,134589,115],{"class":114},[28,134591,94],{"class":93},[28,134593,2033],{"class":120},[28,134595,101],{"class":93},[14,134597,336],{},[18,134599,134601],{"className":20,"code":134600,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"apple, None, banana\n",[25,134602,134603],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134604,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134606,3849],{"class":34},[28,134608,2759],{"class":93},[28,134610,3620],{"class":776},[28,134612,2759],{"class":93},[28,134614,134615],{"class":34}," banana\n",[14,134617,134618,134619,134621],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[25,134620,3546],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1109,134623,134625,134627],{"id":134624},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[25,134626,133013],{}," also works with tuples",[18,134629,134631],{"className":20,"code":134630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[25,134632,134633,134665],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134634,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134636,4768],{"class":34},[28,134638,39],{"class":38},[28,134640,9015],{"class":93},[28,134642,234],{"class":42},[28,134644,7452],{"class":46},[28,134646,234],{"class":42},[28,134648,2759],{"class":93},[28,134650,43],{"class":42},[28,134652,131019],{"class":46},[28,134654,234],{"class":42},[28,134656,2759],{"class":93},[28,134658,43],{"class":42},[28,134660,7696],{"class":46},[28,134662,234],{"class":42},[28,134664,101],{"class":93},[28,134666,134667,134669,134671,134673,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134668,115],{"class":114},[28,134670,94],{"class":93},[28,134672,234],{"class":42},[28,134674,134675],{"class":46}," \u002F ",[28,134677,234],{"class":42},[28,134679,385],{"class":93},[28,134681,133090],{"class":120},[28,134683,94],{"class":93},[28,134685,4811],{"class":120},[28,134687,318],{"class":93},[14,134689,336],{},[18,134691,134693],{"className":20,"code":134692,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[25,134694,134695],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134696,134697,134700,134702,134705,134707],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134698,134699],{"class":34},"Sam ",[28,134701,126823],{"class":38},[28,134703,134704],{"class":34}," Lee ",[28,134706,126823],{"class":38},[28,134708,22121],{"class":34},[172,134710,134712,134713],{"id":134711},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[25,134714,133013],{},[14,134716,134717],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1109,134719,134721,134722,134724],{"id":134720},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[25,134723,2775],{}," because not all items are strings",[18,134726,134728],{"className":20,"code":134727,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[25,134729,134730,134758],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134731,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134733,7555],{"class":34},[28,134735,39],{"class":38},[28,134737,3388],{"class":93},[28,134739,234],{"class":42},[28,134741,381],{"class":46},[28,134743,234],{"class":42},[28,134745,2759],{"class":93},[28,134747,2762],{"class":97},[28,134749,2759],{"class":93},[28,134751,43],{"class":42},[28,134753,9518],{"class":46},[28,134755,234],{"class":42},[28,134757,3401],{"class":93},[28,134759,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134761,115],{"class":114},[28,134763,94],{"class":93},[28,134765,234],{"class":42},[28,134767,43],{"class":42},[28,134769,385],{"class":93},[28,134771,133090],{"class":120},[28,134773,94],{"class":93},[28,134775,7586],{"class":120},[28,134777,318],{"class":93},[14,134779,48292,134780,134782],{},[25,134781,1825],{}," is an integer.",[14,134784,39054],{},[18,134786,134788],{"className":20,"code":134787,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[25,134789,134790,134818],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134791,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134793,7555],{"class":34},[28,134795,39],{"class":38},[28,134797,3388],{"class":93},[28,134799,234],{"class":42},[28,134801,381],{"class":46},[28,134803,234],{"class":42},[28,134805,2759],{"class":93},[28,134807,2762],{"class":97},[28,134809,2759],{"class":93},[28,134811,43],{"class":42},[28,134813,9518],{"class":46},[28,134815,234],{"class":42},[28,134817,3401],{"class":93},[28,134819,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134821,115],{"class":114},[28,134823,94],{"class":93},[28,134825,234],{"class":42},[28,134827,43],{"class":42},[28,134829,385],{"class":93},[28,134831,133090],{"class":120},[28,134833,94],{"class":93},[28,134835,39652],{"class":114},[28,134837,94],{"class":93},[28,134839,355],{"class":89},[28,134841,2759],{"class":93},[28,134843,5742],{"class":120},[28,134845,2679],{"class":93},[14,134847,134848,134849,385],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[381,134850,25468,134852],{"href":134851},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[25,134853,134854],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1109,134856,134858,134859,134861],{"id":134857},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[25,134860,133013],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,134863,4297],{},[18,134865,134867],{"className":20,"code":134866,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[25,134868,134869,134901],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134870,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134872,3840],{"class":34},[28,134874,39],{"class":38},[28,134876,3388],{"class":93},[28,134878,234],{"class":42},[28,134880,892],{"class":46},[28,134882,234],{"class":42},[28,134884,2759],{"class":93},[28,134886,43],{"class":42},[28,134888,11976],{"class":46},[28,134890,234],{"class":42},[28,134892,2759],{"class":93},[28,134894,43],{"class":42},[28,134896,133071],{"class":46},[28,134898,234],{"class":42},[28,134900,3401],{"class":93},[28,134902,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134904,1999],{"class":34},[28,134906,39],{"class":38},[28,134908,5945],{"class":34},[28,134910,385],{"class":93},[28,134912,133090],{"class":120},[28,134914,94],{"class":93},[28,134916,234],{"class":42},[28,134918,43],{"class":42},[28,134920,101],{"class":93},[14,134922,134923,134925],{},[25,134924,133013],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,134927,1142],{},[18,134929,134931],{"className":20,"code":134930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,134932,134933,134965,134985,134989],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,134934,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,134936,3840],{"class":34},[28,134938,39],{"class":38},[28,134940,3388],{"class":93},[28,134942,234],{"class":42},[28,134944,892],{"class":46},[28,134946,234],{"class":42},[28,134948,2759],{"class":93},[28,134950,43],{"class":42},[28,134952,11976],{"class":46},[28,134954,234],{"class":42},[28,134956,2759],{"class":93},[28,134958,43],{"class":42},[28,134960,133071],{"class":46},[28,134962,234],{"class":42},[28,134964,3401],{"class":93},[28,134966,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,134968,1999],{"class":34},[28,134970,39],{"class":38},[28,134972,43],{"class":42},[28,134974,43],{"class":42},[28,134976,385],{"class":93},[28,134978,133090],{"class":120},[28,134980,94],{"class":93},[28,134982,3884],{"class":120},[28,134984,101],{"class":93},[28,134986,134987],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,134988,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,134990,134991,134993,134995,134997],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,134992,115],{"class":114},[28,134994,94],{"class":93},[28,134996,2033],{"class":120},[28,134998,101],{"class":93},[1109,135000,135002],{"id":135001},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[18,135004,135006],{"className":20,"code":135005,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[25,135007,135008,135040],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135011,3840],{"class":34},[28,135013,39],{"class":38},[28,135015,3388],{"class":93},[28,135017,234],{"class":42},[28,135019,6360],{"class":46},[28,135021,234],{"class":42},[28,135023,2759],{"class":93},[28,135025,43],{"class":42},[28,135027,79050],{"class":46},[28,135029,234],{"class":42},[28,135031,2759],{"class":93},[28,135033,43],{"class":42},[28,135035,133817],{"class":46},[28,135037,234],{"class":42},[28,135039,3401],{"class":93},[28,135041,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135043,115],{"class":114},[28,135045,94],{"class":93},[28,135047,473],{"class":42},[28,135049,385],{"class":93},[28,135051,133090],{"class":120},[28,135053,94],{"class":93},[28,135055,3884],{"class":120},[28,135057,318],{"class":93},[14,135059,336],{},[18,135061,135063],{"className":20,"code":135062,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"onetwothree\n",[25,135064,135065],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135066,135067],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135068,135062],{"class":34},[14,135070,135071,135072,6406],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[25,135073,133158],{},[1109,135075,135077,135078,131281],{"id":135076},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[25,135079,133013],{},[18,135081,135083],{"className":20,"code":135082,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[25,135084,135085,135117,135135,135139],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135086,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135088,3840],{"class":34},[28,135090,39],{"class":38},[28,135092,3388],{"class":93},[28,135094,234],{"class":42},[28,135096,381],{"class":46},[28,135098,234],{"class":42},[28,135100,2759],{"class":93},[28,135102,43],{"class":42},[28,135104,4533],{"class":46},[28,135106,234],{"class":42},[28,135108,2759],{"class":93},[28,135110,43],{"class":42},[28,135112,9518],{"class":46},[28,135114,234],{"class":42},[28,135116,3401],{"class":93},[28,135118,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135120,234],{"class":233},[28,135122,1790],{"class":237},[28,135124,234],{"class":233},[28,135126,385],{"class":93},[28,135128,133090],{"class":120},[28,135130,94],{"class":93},[28,135132,3884],{"class":120},[28,135134,101],{"class":93},[28,135136,135137],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,135138,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,135140,135141,135143,135145,135147],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,135142,115],{"class":114},[28,135144,94],{"class":93},[28,135146,3884],{"class":120},[28,135148,101],{"class":93},[14,135150,336],{},[18,135152,135153],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,135154,135155],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135156,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135158,3669],{"class":93},[28,135160,358],{"class":42},[28,135162,381],{"class":46},[28,135164,358],{"class":42},[28,135166,2759],{"class":93},[28,135168,61],{"class":42},[28,135170,4533],{"class":46},[28,135172,358],{"class":42},[28,135174,2759],{"class":93},[28,135176,61],{"class":42},[28,135178,9518],{"class":46},[28,135180,358],{"class":42},[28,135182,3401],{"class":93},[14,135184,135185,135186,135188],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[25,135187,133013],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[172,135190,135192,135194,135195],{"id":135191},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[25,135193,133013],{}," vs concatenation with ",[25,135196,1828],{},[14,135198,10370,135199,1323,135201,135203],{},[25,135200,133013],{},[25,135202,1828],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1109,135205,1631,135207,135209],{"id":135206},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[25,135208,1828],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[18,135211,135213],{"className":20,"code":135212,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,135214,135215,135228,135241,135261,135265],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135216,135217,135220,135222,135224,135226],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135218,135219],{"class":34},"first ",[28,135221,39],{"class":38},[28,135223,43],{"class":42},[28,135225,64],{"class":46},[28,135227,50],{"class":42},[28,135229,135230,135233,135235,135237,135239],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135231,135232],{"class":34},"second ",[28,135234,39],{"class":38},[28,135236,43],{"class":42},[28,135238,89514],{"class":46},[28,135240,50],{"class":42},[28,135242,135243,135245,135247,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,135244,1999],{"class":34},[28,135246,39],{"class":38},[28,135248,135249],{"class":34}," first ",[28,135251,1828],{"class":38},[28,135253,43],{"class":42},[28,135255,43],{"class":42},[28,135257,828],{"class":38},[28,135259,135260],{"class":34}," second\n",[28,135262,135263],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,135264,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,135266,135267,135269,135271,135273],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,135268,115],{"class":114},[28,135270,94],{"class":93},[28,135272,2033],{"class":120},[28,135274,101],{"class":93},[14,135276,336],{},[18,135278,135280],{"className":20,"code":135279,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Hello World\n",[25,135281,135282],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135283,135284],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135285,135279],{"class":34},[1109,135287,1631,135289,135291],{"id":135288},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[25,135290,133013],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[18,135293,135295],{"className":20,"code":135294,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,135296,135297,135339,135359,135363],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135298,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135318,135320,135322,135324,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135300,3840],{"class":34},[28,135302,39],{"class":38},[28,135304,3388],{"class":93},[28,135306,234],{"class":42},[28,135308,892],{"class":46},[28,135310,234],{"class":42},[28,135312,2759],{"class":93},[28,135314,43],{"class":42},[28,135316,135317],{"class":46},"makes",[28,135319,234],{"class":42},[28,135321,2759],{"class":93},[28,135323,43],{"class":42},[28,135325,135326],{"class":46},"this",[28,135328,234],{"class":42},[28,135330,2759],{"class":93},[28,135332,43],{"class":42},[28,135334,133512],{"class":46},[28,135336,234],{"class":42},[28,135338,3401],{"class":93},[28,135340,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135342,1999],{"class":34},[28,135344,39],{"class":38},[28,135346,43],{"class":42},[28,135348,43],{"class":42},[28,135350,385],{"class":93},[28,135352,133090],{"class":120},[28,135354,94],{"class":93},[28,135356,3884],{"class":120},[28,135358,101],{"class":93},[28,135360,135361],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,135362,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,135364,135365,135367,135369,135371],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,135366,115],{"class":114},[28,135368,94],{"class":93},[28,135370,2033],{"class":120},[28,135372,101],{"class":93},[14,135374,336],{},[18,135376,135378],{"className":20,"code":135377,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Python makes this easy\n",[25,135379,135380],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135381,135382],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135383,135377],{"class":34},[14,135385,135386,135388],{},[25,135387,133013],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[177,135390,135391,135394,135397],{},[180,135392,135393],{},"You already have a list of strings",[180,135395,135396],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[180,135398,135399,135400,135402],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[25,135401,1828],{}," operators",[14,135404,135405,135406,385],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[381,135407,135409],{"href":135408},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[172,135411,135413],{"id":135412},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135415,8653,135416,135418],{},[25,135417,133013],{}," is not working, check these first:",[177,135420,135421,135424,135429,135438,135444],{},[180,135422,135423],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[180,135425,135426,135427],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[25,135428,3546],{},[180,135430,135431,135432,10871,135435],{},"You may have written ",[25,135433,135434],{},"list.join(...)",[25,135436,135437],{},"string.join(...)",[180,135439,135440,135441,135443],{},"You may be expecting ",[25,135442,133013],{}," to change the original iterable",[180,135445,135446],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135448,94148],{},[18,135450,135452],{"className":20,"code":135451,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[25,135453,135454,135468,135478,135502,135542],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135455,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135457,115],{"class":114},[28,135459,94],{"class":93},[28,135461,311],{"class":89},[28,135463,94],{"class":93},[28,135465,7586],{"class":120},[28,135467,318],{"class":93},[28,135469,135470,135472,135474,135476],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135471,115],{"class":114},[28,135473,94],{"class":93},[28,135475,7586],{"class":120},[28,135477,101],{"class":93},[28,135479,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,135481,115],{"class":114},[28,135483,2753],{"class":93},[28,135485,311],{"class":89},[28,135487,94],{"class":93},[28,135489,23098],{"class":120},[28,135491,3428],{"class":93},[28,135493,3645],{"class":3644},[28,135495,5737],{"class":120},[28,135497,3651],{"class":3644},[28,135499,5742],{"class":120},[28,135501,3657],{"class":93},[28,135503,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,135505,115],{"class":114},[28,135507,94],{"class":93},[28,135509,358],{"class":42},[28,135511,61],{"class":42},[28,135513,385],{"class":93},[28,135515,133090],{"class":120},[28,135517,2753],{"class":93},[28,135519,358],{"class":42},[28,135521,381],{"class":46},[28,135523,358],{"class":42},[28,135525,2759],{"class":93},[28,135527,61],{"class":42},[28,135529,4533],{"class":46},[28,135531,358],{"class":42},[28,135533,2759],{"class":93},[28,135535,61],{"class":42},[28,135537,9518],{"class":46},[28,135539,358],{"class":42},[28,135541,2769],{"class":93},[28,135543,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,135545,115],{"class":114},[28,135547,94],{"class":93},[28,135549,358],{"class":42},[28,135551,1959],{"class":46},[28,135553,358],{"class":42},[28,135555,385],{"class":93},[28,135557,133090],{"class":120},[28,135559,94],{"class":93},[28,135561,39652],{"class":114},[28,135563,94],{"class":93},[28,135565,355],{"class":89},[28,135567,2759],{"class":93},[28,135569,3388],{"class":93},[28,135571,2756],{"class":97},[28,135573,2759],{"class":93},[28,135575,2762],{"class":97},[28,135577,2759],{"class":93},[28,135579,2221],{"class":97},[28,135581,37056],{"class":93},[14,135583,135584],{},"What these checks do:",[177,135586,135587,135595,135601,135607,135616],{},[180,135588,135589,135592,135593,7872],{},[25,135590,135591],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[25,135594,7586],{},[180,135596,135597,135600],{},[25,135598,135599],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[180,135602,135603,135606],{},[25,135604,135605],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[180,135608,135609,135612,135613,135615],{},[25,135610,135611],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[25,135614,133013],{}," behavior",[180,135617,135618,135621],{},[25,135619,135620],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[172,135623,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,135625,12487,135627,135629],{"id":135626},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[25,135628,133013],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135631,135632,135633,135635,135636,385],{},"Not directly. ",[25,135634,133013],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[25,135637,135638],{},"map(str, values)",[1109,135640,12487,135642,56943],{"id":135641},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[25,135643,133013],{},[14,135645,135646],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1109,135648,28118,135650,62414],{"id":135649},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[25,135651,133013],{},[14,135653,41943,135654,135656],{},[25,135655,133013],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1109,135658,4915,135660,39753],{"id":135659},"what-does-joinwords-do",[25,135661,135662],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135664,135665],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1109,135667,135669,135670,135672,135673,2262],{"id":135668},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[25,135671,2775],{}," when using ",[25,135674,133013],{},[14,135676,135677],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[172,135679,1662],{"id":1661},[177,135681,135682,135687,135693,135699,135705],{},[180,135683,135684],{},[381,135685,135686],{"href":135408},"How to join strings in Python",[180,135688,135689],{},[381,135690,1685,135691,1689],{"href":128618},[25,135692,60312],{},[180,135694,135695],{},[381,135696,858,135697,861],{"href":857},[25,135698,169],{},[180,135700,135701],{},[381,135702,30137,135703],{"href":134851},[25,135704,134854],{},[180,135706,135707],{},[381,135708,384],{"href":383},[14,135710,97118,135711,135713],{},[25,135712,133013],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1699,135715,135716],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":135718},[135719,135720,135722,135725,135732,135742,135750,135760,135767,135768,135780],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":133130,"depth":53,"text":135721},"What join() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":135723},[135724],{"id":48790,"depth":70,"text":48791},{"id":121653,"depth":53,"text":121654,"children":135726},[135727,135728,135729,135730],{"id":133477,"depth":70,"text":133478},{"id":133569,"depth":70,"text":133570},{"id":133670,"depth":70,"text":133671},{"id":133779,"depth":70,"text":135731},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133882,"depth":53,"text":133883,"children":135733},[135734,135736,135738,135740],{"id":133889,"depth":70,"text":135735},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133956,"depth":70,"text":135737},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134045,"depth":70,"text":135739},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134131,"depth":70,"text":135741},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134206,"depth":53,"text":134207,"children":135743},[135744,135745,135746,135748],{"id":134215,"depth":70,"text":134216},{"id":134298,"depth":70,"text":134299},{"id":134452,"depth":70,"text":135747},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134624,"depth":70,"text":135749},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134711,"depth":53,"text":135751,"children":135752},"Common errors with join()",[135753,135755,135757,135758],{"id":134720,"depth":70,"text":135754},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134857,"depth":70,"text":135756},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135001,"depth":70,"text":135002},{"id":135076,"depth":70,"text":135759},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135191,"depth":53,"text":135761,"children":135762},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135763,135765],{"id":135206,"depth":70,"text":135764},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135288,"depth":70,"text":135766},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135412,"depth":53,"text":135413},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":135769},[135770,135772,135774,135776,135778],{"id":135626,"depth":70,"text":135771},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135641,"depth":70,"text":135773},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135649,"depth":70,"text":135775},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135659,"depth":70,"text":135777},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135668,"depth":70,"text":135779},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133005,"description":135781},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135788,"title":135789,"body":135790,"description":137358,"extension":1730,"meta":137359,"navigation":107,"path":137360,"seo":137361,"stem":137362,"__hash__":137363},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135791,"toc":137325},[135792,135797,135802,135804,135818,135863,135870,135875,135880,135882,135898,135907,135909,135911,135926,135928,135938,135940,136002,136004,136007,136068,136070,136086,136088,136101,136104,136151,136153,136159,136162,136165,136225,136233,136319,136323,136328,136330,136344,136347,136432,136435,136493,136504,136559,136561,136568,136574,136580,136624,136627,136674,136676,136678,136685,136687,136718,136721,136723,136754,136758,136761,136763,136803,136805,136848,136854,136859,136861,136888,136893,136896,136945,136949,136952,137027,137038,137041,137098,137105,137111,137119,137124,137131,137138,137156,137158,137212,137220,137222,137227,137230,137236,137242,137247,137250,137256,137262,137269,137277,137279,137322],[10,135793,123122,135795,11102],{"id":135794},"python-string-lower-method",[25,135796,123852],{},[14,135798,123127,135799,135801],{},[25,135800,123852],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135803,23875],{},[177,135805,135806,135809,135812,135815],{},[180,135807,135808],{},"convert text to lowercase",[180,135810,135811],{},"compare text without case differences",[180,135813,135814],{},"clean up user input",[180,135816,135817],{},"make simple text matching easier",[18,135819,135821],{"className":20,"code":135820,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[25,135822,135823,135836,135850],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135824,135825,135827,135829,135831,135834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135826,84],{"class":34},[28,135828,39],{"class":38},[28,135830,43],{"class":42},[28,135832,135833],{"class":46},"Hello WORLD",[28,135835,50],{"class":42},[28,135837,135838,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135839,1999],{"class":34},[28,135841,39],{"class":38},[28,135843,42632],{"class":34},[28,135845,385],{"class":93},[28,135847,8417],{"class":120},[28,135849,8420],{"class":93},[28,135851,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,135853,115],{"class":114},[28,135855,94],{"class":93},[28,135857,2033],{"class":120},[28,135859,3428],{"class":93},[28,135861,135862],{"class":1006},"  # hello world\n",[14,135864,135865,88739,135867,135869],{},[163,135866,83599],{},[25,135868,123852],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[172,135871,3445,135873,3448],{"id":135872},"what-lower-does",[25,135874,123852],{},[14,135876,135877,135879],{},[25,135878,123852],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,135881,12836],{},[177,135883,135884,135889,135892,135895],{},[180,135885,135886,135888],{},[25,135887,123852],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[180,135890,135891],{},"It works on string objects",[180,135893,135894],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[180,135896,135897],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,135899,379,135900,135904,135905,385],{},[381,135901,135903],{"href":135902},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[381,135906,50755],{"href":383},[172,135908,1927],{"id":1926},[14,135910,1930],{},[18,135912,135914],{"className":20,"code":135913,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.lower()\n",[25,135915,135916],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135917,135918,135920,135922,135924],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135919,60953],{"class":34},[28,135921,385],{"class":93},[28,135923,8417],{"class":120},[28,135925,8420],{"class":93},[14,135927,43438],{},[177,135929,135930,135932,135935],{},[180,135931,97296],{},[180,135933,135934],{},"You call it directly on a string",[180,135936,135937],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,135939,924],{},[18,135941,135943],{"className":20,"code":135942,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[25,135944,135945,135968,135972,135985],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,135946,135947,135949,135951,135953,135956,135958,135960,135962,135965],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,135948,115],{"class":114},[28,135950,94],{"class":93},[28,135952,234],{"class":42},[28,135954,135955],{"class":46},"HELLO",[28,135957,234],{"class":42},[28,135959,385],{"class":93},[28,135961,8417],{"class":120},[28,135963,135964],{"class":93},"())",[28,135966,135967],{"class":1006},"  # hello\n",[28,135969,135970],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,135971,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,135973,135974,135976,135978,135980,135983],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,135975,35],{"class":34},[28,135977,39],{"class":38},[28,135979,43],{"class":42},[28,135981,135982],{"class":46},"PyThOn",[28,135984,50],{"class":42},[28,135986,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,135988,115],{"class":114},[28,135990,94],{"class":93},[28,135992,121],{"class":120},[28,135994,385],{"class":93},[28,135996,8417],{"class":120},[28,135998,135964],{"class":93},[28,136000,136001],{"class":1006},"  # python\n",[172,136003,11256],{"id":11255},[14,136005,136006],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[18,136008,136010],{"className":20,"code":136009,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[25,136011,136012,136024,136028,136043,136047,136058],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136013,136014,136016,136018,136020,136022],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136015,84],{"class":34},[28,136017,39],{"class":38},[28,136019,43],{"class":42},[28,136021,135833],{"class":46},[28,136023,50],{"class":42},[28,136025,136026],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136027,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136029,136030,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136031,136032],{"class":34},"lower_text ",[28,136034,39],{"class":38},[28,136036,42632],{"class":34},[28,136038,385],{"class":93},[28,136040,8417],{"class":120},[28,136042,8420],{"class":93},[28,136044,136045],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136046,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136048,136049,136051,136053,136056],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,136050,115],{"class":114},[28,136052,94],{"class":93},[28,136054,136055],{"class":120},"lower_text",[28,136057,101],{"class":93},[28,136059,136060,136062,136064,136066],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,136061,115],{"class":114},[28,136063,94],{"class":93},[28,136065,157],{"class":120},[28,136067,101],{"class":93},[14,136069,336],{},[18,136071,136073],{"className":20,"code":136072,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[25,136074,136075,136079],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136076,136077],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136078,133947],{"class":34},[28,136080,136081,136083],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136082,131347],{"class":34},[28,136084,136085],{"class":1044},"WORLD\n",[14,136087,24395],{},[177,136089,136090,136095],{},[180,136091,136092,136094],{},[25,136093,123852],{}," returns the lowercase result",[180,136096,136097,136098,136100],{},"the original ",[25,136099,157],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136102,136103],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[18,136105,136107],{"className":20,"code":136106,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[25,136108,136109,136121,136135,136139],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136110,136111,136113,136115,136117,136119],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136112,84],{"class":34},[28,136114,39],{"class":38},[28,136116,43],{"class":42},[28,136118,135833],{"class":46},[28,136120,50],{"class":42},[28,136122,136123,136125,136127,136129,136131,136133],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136124,84],{"class":34},[28,136126,39],{"class":38},[28,136128,42632],{"class":34},[28,136130,385],{"class":93},[28,136132,8417],{"class":120},[28,136134,8420],{"class":93},[28,136136,136137],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136138,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136140,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136142,115],{"class":114},[28,136144,94],{"class":93},[28,136146,157],{"class":120},[28,136148,3428],{"class":93},[28,136150,135862],{"class":1006},[172,136152,17205],{"id":17204},[14,136154,136155,21762,136157,385],{},[25,136156,123852],{},[163,136158,60953],{},[14,136160,136161],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136163,136164],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[18,136166,136168],{"className":20,"code":136167,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[25,136169,136170,136184,136188,136211],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136171,136172,136175,136177,136179,136182],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136173,136174],{"class":34},"answer ",[28,136176,39],{"class":38},[28,136178,43],{"class":42},[28,136180,136181],{"class":46},"YES",[28,136183,50],{"class":42},[28,136185,136186],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136187,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136189,136190,136192,136195,136197,136199,136201,136203,136205,136207,136209],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136191,6773],{"class":3644},[28,136193,136194],{"class":34}," answer",[28,136196,385],{"class":93},[28,136198,8417],{"class":120},[28,136200,7141],{"class":93},[28,136202,6185],{"class":38},[28,136204,43],{"class":42},[28,136206,8435],{"class":46},[28,136208,234],{"class":42},[28,136210,6170],{"class":93},[28,136212,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221,136223],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136214,7844],{"class":114},[28,136216,94],{"class":93},[28,136218,234],{"class":42},[28,136220,96605],{"class":46},[28,136222,234],{"class":42},[28,136224,101],{"class":93},[14,136226,136227,136228,271],{},"This is especially useful with ",[381,136229,136230,136231,2071],{"href":7995},"the ",[25,136232,2725],{},[18,136234,136236],{"className":20,"code":136235,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[25,136237,136238,136257,136261,136283,136298,136304],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136239,136240,136242,136244,136246,136248,136250,136253,136255],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136241,136174],{"class":34},[28,136243,39],{"class":38},[28,136245,8018],{"class":114},[28,136247,94],{"class":93},[28,136249,234],{"class":42},[28,136251,136252],{"class":46},"Type yes or no: ",[28,136254,234],{"class":42},[28,136256,101],{"class":93},[28,136258,136259],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136260,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136262,136263,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275,136277,136279,136281],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136264,6773],{"class":3644},[28,136266,136194],{"class":34},[28,136268,385],{"class":93},[28,136270,8417],{"class":120},[28,136272,7141],{"class":93},[28,136274,6185],{"class":38},[28,136276,43],{"class":42},[28,136278,8435],{"class":46},[28,136280,234],{"class":42},[28,136282,6170],{"class":93},[28,136284,136285,136287,136289,136291,136294,136296],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136286,7844],{"class":114},[28,136288,94],{"class":93},[28,136290,234],{"class":42},[28,136292,136293],{"class":46},"You typed yes",[28,136295,234],{"class":42},[28,136297,101],{"class":93},[28,136299,136300,136302],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,136301,27223],{"class":3644},[28,136303,6170],{"class":93},[28,136305,136306,136308,136310,136312,136315,136317],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,136307,7844],{"class":114},[28,136309,94],{"class":93},[28,136311,234],{"class":42},[28,136313,136314],{"class":46},"You typed something else",[28,136316,234],{"class":42},[28,136318,101],{"class":93},[172,136320,136322],{"id":136321},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136324,136325,136327],{},[25,136326,123852],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136329,7118],{},[177,136331,136332,136335,136338,136341],{},[180,136333,136334],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[180,136336,136337],{},"Make text matching easier",[180,136339,136340],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[180,136342,136343],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136345,136346],{},"Example: checking user input",[18,136348,136350],{"className":20,"code":136349,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[25,136351,136352,136370,136374,136396,136411,136417],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136353,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362,136364,136366,136368],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136355,44747],{"class":34},[28,136357,39],{"class":38},[28,136359,8018],{"class":114},[28,136361,94],{"class":93},[28,136363,234],{"class":42},[28,136365,44758],{"class":46},[28,136367,234],{"class":42},[28,136369,101],{"class":93},[28,136371,136372],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136373,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136375,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136377,6773],{"class":3644},[28,136379,35640],{"class":34},[28,136381,385],{"class":93},[28,136383,8417],{"class":120},[28,136385,7141],{"class":93},[28,136387,6185],{"class":38},[28,136389,43],{"class":42},[28,136391,12894],{"class":46},[28,136393,234],{"class":42},[28,136395,6170],{"class":93},[28,136397,136398,136400,136402,136404,136407,136409],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136399,7844],{"class":114},[28,136401,94],{"class":93},[28,136403,234],{"class":42},[28,136405,136406],{"class":46},"Nice choice!",[28,136408,234],{"class":42},[28,136410,101],{"class":93},[28,136412,136413,136415],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,136414,27223],{"class":3644},[28,136416,6170],{"class":93},[28,136418,136419,136421,136423,136425,136428,136430],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,136420,7844],{"class":114},[28,136422,94],{"class":93},[28,136424,234],{"class":42},[28,136426,136427],{"class":46},"Got it.",[28,136429,234],{"class":42},[28,136431,101],{"class":93},[14,136433,136434],{},"Example: simple search",[18,136436,136438],{"className":20,"code":136437,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[25,136439,136440,136453,136457,136478],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136441,136442,136444,136446,136448,136451],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136443,56],{"class":34},[28,136445,39],{"class":38},[28,136447,43],{"class":42},[28,136449,136450],{"class":46},"Python Is Fun",[28,136452,50],{"class":42},[28,136454,136455],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136456,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136458,136459,136461,136463,136465,136467,136469,136472,136474,136476],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136460,6773],{"class":3644},[28,136462,43],{"class":42},[28,136464,22],{"class":46},[28,136466,234],{"class":42},[28,136468,20961],{"class":38},[28,136470,136471],{"class":34}," message",[28,136473,385],{"class":93},[28,136475,8417],{"class":120},[28,136477,21383],{"class":93},[28,136479,136480,136482,136484,136486,136489,136491],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136481,7844],{"class":114},[28,136483,94],{"class":93},[28,136485,234],{"class":42},[28,136487,136488],{"class":46},"Found it",[28,136490,234],{"class":42},[28,136492,101],{"class":93},[14,136494,136495,136496,136498,136499,271],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[25,136497,123852],{}," is often used with ",[381,136500,136502],{"href":136501},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[25,136503,41446],{},[18,136505,136507],{"className":20,"code":136506,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[25,136508,136509,136522,136541,136545],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136510,136511,136513,136515,136517,136520],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136512,35],{"class":34},[28,136514,39],{"class":38},[28,136516,43],{"class":42},[28,136518,136519],{"class":46},"  ALICE  ",[28,136521,50],{"class":42},[28,136523,136524,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136525,136526],{"class":34},"clean_name ",[28,136528,39],{"class":38},[28,136530,35781],{"class":34},[28,136532,385],{"class":93},[28,136534,8411],{"class":120},[28,136536,8414],{"class":93},[28,136538,8417],{"class":120},[28,136540,8420],{"class":93},[28,136542,136543],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136544,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136546,136547,136549,136551,136554,136556],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136548,115],{"class":114},[28,136550,94],{"class":93},[28,136552,136553],{"class":120},"clean_name",[28,136555,3428],{"class":93},[28,136557,136558],{"class":1006},"  # alice\n",[172,136560,15381],{"id":15380},[14,136562,136563,136564,136567],{},"Strings are ",[163,136565,136566],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136569,136570,136571,136573],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[25,136572,123852],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136575,136576,136577,136579],{},"So this does ",[163,136578,4402],{}," update the original variable:",[18,136581,136583],{"className":20,"code":136582,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[25,136584,136585,136597,136607,136611],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136586,136587,136589,136591,136593,136595],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136588,84],{"class":34},[28,136590,39],{"class":38},[28,136592,43],{"class":42},[28,136594,135955],{"class":46},[28,136596,50],{"class":42},[28,136598,136599,136601,136603,136605],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136600,157],{"class":34},[28,136602,385],{"class":93},[28,136604,8417],{"class":120},[28,136606,8420],{"class":93},[28,136608,136609],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136610,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136614,115],{"class":114},[28,136616,94],{"class":93},[28,136618,157],{"class":120},[28,136620,3428],{"class":93},[28,136622,136623],{"class":1006},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136625,136626],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[18,136628,136630],{"className":20,"code":136629,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[25,136631,136632,136644,136658,136662],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136633,136634,136636,136638,136640,136642],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136635,84],{"class":34},[28,136637,39],{"class":38},[28,136639,43],{"class":42},[28,136641,135955],{"class":46},[28,136643,50],{"class":42},[28,136645,136646,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136647,84],{"class":34},[28,136649,39],{"class":38},[28,136651,42632],{"class":34},[28,136653,385],{"class":93},[28,136655,8417],{"class":120},[28,136657,8420],{"class":93},[28,136659,136660],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136661,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136663,136664,136666,136668,136670,136672],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136665,115],{"class":114},[28,136667,94],{"class":93},[28,136669,157],{"class":120},[28,136671,3428],{"class":93},[28,136673,135967],{"class":1006},[172,136675,1104],{"id":1103},[1109,136677,25476],{"id":25475},[14,136679,136680,136681,10871,136683,385],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[25,136682,8417],{},[25,136684,123852],{},[14,136686,16429],{},[18,136688,136690],{"className":20,"code":136689,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[25,136691,136692,136704],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136693,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136695,84],{"class":34},[28,136697,39],{"class":38},[28,136699,43],{"class":42},[28,136701,135955],{"class":46},[28,136703,50],{"class":42},[28,136705,136706,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136707,115],{"class":114},[28,136709,94],{"class":93},[28,136711,157],{"class":120},[28,136713,385],{"class":93},[28,136715,8417],{"class":24538},[28,136717,101],{"class":93},[14,136719,136720],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136722,16441],{},[18,136724,136726],{"className":20,"code":136725,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[25,136727,136728,136740],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136729,136730,136732,136734,136736,136738],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136731,84],{"class":34},[28,136733,39],{"class":38},[28,136735,43],{"class":42},[28,136737,135955],{"class":46},[28,136739,50],{"class":42},[28,136741,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750,136752],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136743,115],{"class":114},[28,136745,94],{"class":93},[28,136747,157],{"class":120},[28,136749,385],{"class":93},[28,136751,8417],{"class":120},[28,136753,6970],{"class":93},[1109,136755,136757],{"id":136756},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136759,136760],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136762,16429],{},[18,136764,136766],{"className":20,"code":136765,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[25,136767,136768,136780,136790],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136769,136770,136772,136774,136776,136778],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136771,84],{"class":34},[28,136773,39],{"class":38},[28,136775,43],{"class":42},[28,136777,135955],{"class":46},[28,136779,50],{"class":42},[28,136781,136782,136784,136786,136788],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136783,157],{"class":34},[28,136785,385],{"class":93},[28,136787,8417],{"class":120},[28,136789,8420],{"class":93},[28,136791,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136793,115],{"class":114},[28,136795,94],{"class":93},[28,136797,157],{"class":120},[28,136799,3428],{"class":93},[28,136801,136802],{"class":1006},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136804,16441],{},[18,136806,136808],{"className":20,"code":136807,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[25,136809,136810,136822,136836],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136811,136812,136814,136816,136818,136820],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136813,84],{"class":34},[28,136815,39],{"class":38},[28,136817,43],{"class":42},[28,136819,135955],{"class":46},[28,136821,50],{"class":42},[28,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136832,136834],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136825,84],{"class":34},[28,136827,39],{"class":38},[28,136829,42632],{"class":34},[28,136831,385],{"class":93},[28,136833,8417],{"class":120},[28,136835,8420],{"class":93},[28,136837,136838,136840,136842,136844,136846],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136839,115],{"class":114},[28,136841,94],{"class":93},[28,136843,157],{"class":120},[28,136845,3428],{"class":93},[28,136847,135967],{"class":1006},[1109,136849,8194,136851,136853],{"id":136850},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[25,136852,123852],{}," on a non-string value",[14,136855,136856,136858],{},[25,136857,123852],{}," only works on strings.",[14,136860,16429],{},[18,136862,136864],{"className":20,"code":136863,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[25,136865,136866,136874],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136867,136868,136870,136872],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136869,293],{"class":34},[28,136871,39],{"class":38},[28,136873,298],{"class":97},[28,136875,136876,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136877,115],{"class":114},[28,136879,94],{"class":93},[28,136881,331],{"class":120},[28,136883,385],{"class":93},[28,136885,8417],{"class":120},[28,136887,6970],{"class":93},[14,136889,136890,136891,33392],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[25,136892,123852],{},[14,136894,136895],{},"You can check the type first:",[18,136897,136899],{"className":20,"code":136898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[25,136900,136901,136913,136917,136931],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136902,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136904,84],{"class":34},[28,136906,39],{"class":38},[28,136908,43],{"class":42},[28,136910,135955],{"class":46},[28,136912,50],{"class":42},[28,136914,136915],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136916,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136918,136919,136921,136923,136925,136927,136929],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136920,115],{"class":114},[28,136922,94],{"class":93},[28,136924,311],{"class":89},[28,136926,94],{"class":93},[28,136928,157],{"class":120},[28,136930,318],{"class":93},[28,136932,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941,136943],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136934,115],{"class":114},[28,136936,94],{"class":93},[28,136938,157],{"class":120},[28,136940,385],{"class":93},[28,136942,8417],{"class":120},[28,136944,6970],{"class":93},[1109,136946,136948],{"id":136947},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,136950,136951],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[18,136953,136955],{"className":20,"code":136954,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[25,136956,136957,136970,136974,136991,137006,137012],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,136958,136959,136961,136963,136965,136968],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,136960,136174],{"class":34},[28,136962,39],{"class":38},[28,136964,43],{"class":42},[28,136966,136967],{"class":46},"Yes",[28,136969,50],{"class":42},[28,136971,136972],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,136973,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,136975,136976,136978,136981,136983,136985,136987,136989],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,136977,6773],{"class":3644},[28,136979,136980],{"class":34}," answer ",[28,136982,4460],{"class":38},[28,136984,43],{"class":42},[28,136986,8435],{"class":46},[28,136988,234],{"class":42},[28,136990,6170],{"class":93},[28,136992,136993,136995,136997,136999,137002,137004],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,136994,7844],{"class":114},[28,136996,94],{"class":93},[28,136998,234],{"class":42},[28,137000,137001],{"class":46},"Match",[28,137003,234],{"class":42},[28,137005,101],{"class":93},[28,137007,137008,137010],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,137009,27223],{"class":3644},[28,137011,6170],{"class":93},[28,137013,137014,137016,137018,137020,137023,137025],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,137015,7844],{"class":114},[28,137017,94],{"class":93},[28,137019,234],{"class":42},[28,137021,137022],{"class":46},"No match",[28,137024,234],{"class":42},[28,137026,101],{"class":93},[14,137028,28851,137029,1323,137032,137035,137036,385],{},[25,137030,137031],{},"\"Yes\"",[25,137033,137034],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[25,137037,137022],{},[14,137039,137040],{},"Better:",[18,137042,137044],{"className":20,"code":137043,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[25,137045,137046,137058,137062,137084],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137047,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137049,136174],{"class":34},[28,137051,39],{"class":38},[28,137053,43],{"class":42},[28,137055,136967],{"class":46},[28,137057,50],{"class":42},[28,137059,137060],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137061,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137065,6773],{"class":3644},[28,137067,136194],{"class":34},[28,137069,385],{"class":93},[28,137071,8417],{"class":120},[28,137073,7141],{"class":93},[28,137075,6185],{"class":38},[28,137077,43],{"class":42},[28,137079,8435],{"class":46},[28,137081,234],{"class":42},[28,137083,6170],{"class":93},[28,137085,137086,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,137087,7844],{"class":114},[28,137089,94],{"class":93},[28,137091,234],{"class":42},[28,137093,137001],{"class":46},[28,137095,234],{"class":42},[28,137097,101],{"class":93},[1109,137099,44001,137101,137104],{"id":137100},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[25,137102,137103],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137106,137107,137108,137110],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[25,137109,123852],{}," is enough.",[14,137112,137113,137114,137116,137117,385],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[25,137115,137103],{}," can be stronger than ",[25,137118,123852],{},[14,137120,137121,137122,122365],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[25,137123,123852],{},[172,137125,137127,10365,137129],{"id":137126},"lower-vs-upper",[25,137128,123852],{},[25,137130,127809],{},[14,137132,137133,1323,137135,137137],{},[25,137134,123852],{},[25,137136,127809],{}," are very similar.",[177,137139,137140,137145,137150,137153],{},[180,137141,137142,137144],{},[25,137143,123852],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[180,137146,137147,137149],{},[25,137148,127809],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[180,137151,137152],{},"Both return new strings",[180,137154,137155],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137157,924],{},[18,137159,137161],{"className":20,"code":137160,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[25,137162,137163,137175,137179,137195],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137164,137165,137167,137169,137171,137173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137166,84],{"class":34},[28,137168,39],{"class":38},[28,137170,43],{"class":42},[28,137172,128650],{"class":46},[28,137174,50],{"class":42},[28,137176,137177],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137178,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,137180,137181,137183,137185,137187,137189,137191,137193],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137182,115],{"class":114},[28,137184,94],{"class":93},[28,137186,157],{"class":120},[28,137188,385],{"class":93},[28,137190,8417],{"class":120},[28,137192,135964],{"class":93},[28,137194,135862],{"class":1006},[28,137196,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205,137207,137209],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,137198,115],{"class":114},[28,137200,94],{"class":93},[28,137202,157],{"class":120},[28,137204,385],{"class":93},[28,137206,34269],{"class":120},[28,137208,135964],{"class":93},[28,137210,137211],{"class":1006},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137213,137214,137215,385],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[381,137216,1685,137218,1689],{"href":137217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[25,137219,127809],{},[172,137221,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,137223,12487,137225,124449],{"id":137224},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[25,137226,123852],{},[14,137228,137229],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1109,137231,12487,137233,137235],{"id":137232},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[25,137234,123852],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137237,137238,137239,385],{},"No. The method is called as ",[25,137240,137241],{},"string.lower()",[1109,137243,4915,137245,12499],{"id":137244},"what-does-lower-return",[25,137246,123852],{},[14,137248,137249],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1109,137251,28118,137253,137255],{"id":137252},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[25,137254,123852],{}," on user input?",[14,137257,137258,137259,137261],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[25,137260,2725],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1109,137263,4953,137265,1323,137267,2262],{"id":137264},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[25,137266,123852],{},[25,137268,137103],{},[14,137270,137271,137273,137274,137276],{},[25,137272,123852],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[25,137275,137103],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[172,137278,1662],{"id":1661},[177,137280,137281,137285,137291,137297,137303,137307,137311,137317],{},[180,137282,137283],{},[381,137284,50755],{"href":383},[180,137286,137287],{},[381,137288,1685,137289,1689],{"href":137217},[25,137290,127809],{},[180,137292,137293],{},[381,137294,1685,137295,1689],{"href":136501},[25,137296,41446],{},[180,137298,137299],{},[381,137300,1685,137301,1689],{"href":129512},[25,137302,124293],{},[180,137304,137305],{},[381,137306,124521],{"href":123377},[180,137308,137309],{},[381,137310,90451],{"href":89466},[180,137312,137313],{},[381,137314,858,137315,861],{"href":7995},[25,137316,2725],{},[180,137318,137319],{},[381,137320,137321],{"href":135902},"What is a string in Python?",[1699,137323,137324],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":137326},[137327,137329,137330,137331,137332,137333,137334,137343,137345,137357],{"id":135872,"depth":53,"text":137328},"What lower() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":136321,"depth":53,"text":136322},{"id":15380,"depth":53,"text":15381},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":137335},[137336,137337,137338,137340,137341],{"id":25475,"depth":70,"text":25476},{"id":136756,"depth":70,"text":136757},{"id":136850,"depth":70,"text":137339},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136947,"depth":70,"text":136948},{"id":137100,"depth":70,"text":137342},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137126,"depth":53,"text":137344},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":137346},[137347,137349,137351,137353,137355],{"id":137224,"depth":70,"text":137348},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137232,"depth":70,"text":137350},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137244,"depth":70,"text":137352},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137252,"depth":70,"text":137354},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137264,"depth":70,"text":137356},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135789,"description":137358},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137365,"title":137366,"body":137367,"description":138917,"extension":1730,"meta":138918,"navigation":107,"path":138919,"seo":138920,"stem":138921,"__hash__":138922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137368,"toc":138878},[137369,137374,137379,137385,137400,137402,137462,137464,137473,137479,137484,137489,137491,137505,137509,137511,137558,137560,137578,137580,137583,137654,137656,137670,137673,137685,137694,137698,137703,137708,137712,137778,137780,137789,137793,137858,137860,137869,137872,137877,137881,137886,137890,137951,137953,137962,137966,137969,138025,138027,138036,138039,138052,138054,138058,138065,138127,138129,138142,138148,138151,138158,138163,138168,138171,138179,138181,138242,138244,138253,138256,138303,138306,138353,138355,138360,138377,138384,138389,138442,138444,138452,138454,138511,138513,138521,138525,138572,138574,138582,138590,138594,138642,138644,138653,138658,138709,138711,138720,138727,138730,138751,138753,138758,138761,138765,138768,138772,138775,138802,138808,138811,138838,138843,138845,138847,138875],[10,137370,123122,137372,11102],{"id":137371},"python-string-replace-method",[25,137373,124293],{},[14,137375,123127,137376,137378],{},[25,137377,124293],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137380,137381,137382,137384],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[25,137383,124293],{},". You will learn:",[177,137386,137387,137391,137394,137397],{},[180,137388,25808,137389,3448],{},[25,137390,124293],{},[180,137392,137393],{},"how its syntax works",[180,137395,137396],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[180,137398,137399],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[172,137401,1771],{"id":1770},[18,137403,137405],{"className":20,"code":137404,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[25,137406,137407,137420,137452],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137408,137409,137411,137413,137415,137418],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137410,84],{"class":34},[28,137412,39],{"class":38},[28,137414,43],{"class":42},[28,137416,137417],{"class":46},"I like cats",[28,137419,50],{"class":42},[28,137421,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436,137439,137441,137443,137445,137448,137450],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137423,129770],{"class":34},[28,137425,39],{"class":38},[28,137427,42632],{"class":34},[28,137429,385],{"class":93},[28,137431,34788],{"class":120},[28,137433,94],{"class":93},[28,137435,234],{"class":42},[28,137437,137438],{"class":46},"cats",[28,137440,234],{"class":42},[28,137442,2759],{"class":93},[28,137444,43],{"class":42},[28,137446,137447],{"class":46},"dogs",[28,137449,234],{"class":42},[28,137451,101],{"class":93},[28,137453,137454,137456,137458,137460],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137455,115],{"class":114},[28,137457,94],{"class":93},[28,137459,129801],{"class":120},[28,137461,101],{"class":93},[14,137463,336],{},[18,137465,137467],{"className":20,"code":137466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"I like dogs\n",[25,137468,137469],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137470,137471],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137472,137466],{"class":34},[14,137474,1631,137475,137478],{},[25,137476,137477],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[172,137480,3445,137482,3448],{"id":137481},"what-replace-does",[25,137483,124293],{},[14,137485,137486,137488],{},[25,137487,124293],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137490,12836],{},[177,137492,137493,137495,137497,137500],{},[180,137494,133179],{},[180,137496,135897],{},[180,137498,137499],{},"It works on exact matches",[180,137501,137502,137503],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[25,137504,41052],{},[14,137506,379,137507,385],{},[381,137508,384],{"href":383},[172,137510,5206],{"id":5205},[18,137512,137514],{"className":20,"code":137513,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[25,137515,137516,137536],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137517,137518,137520,137522,137524,137526,137529,137531,137534],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137519,60953],{"class":34},[28,137521,385],{"class":93},[28,137523,34788],{"class":120},[28,137525,94],{"class":93},[28,137527,137528],{"class":120},"old",[28,137530,2759],{"class":93},[28,137532,137533],{"class":120}," new",[28,137535,101],{"class":93},[28,137537,137538,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137539,60953],{"class":34},[28,137541,385],{"class":93},[28,137543,34788],{"class":120},[28,137545,94],{"class":93},[28,137547,137528],{"class":120},[28,137549,2759],{"class":93},[28,137551,137533],{"class":120},[28,137553,2759],{"class":93},[28,137555,49383],{"class":120},[28,137557,101],{"class":93},[1109,137559,17181],{"id":17180},[177,137561,137562,137567,137573],{},[180,137563,137564,137566],{},[25,137565,137528],{}," = the text to find",[180,137568,137569,137572],{},[25,137570,137571],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[180,137574,137575,137577],{},[25,137576,41052],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[172,137579,5563],{"id":5562},[14,137581,137582],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[18,137584,137586],{"className":20,"code":137585,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[25,137587,137588,137600,137630,137634,137644],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137589,137590,137592,137594,137596,137598],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137591,84],{"class":34},[28,137593,39],{"class":38},[28,137595,43],{"class":42},[28,137597,137417],{"class":46},[28,137599,50],{"class":42},[28,137601,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137603,129770],{"class":34},[28,137605,39],{"class":38},[28,137607,42632],{"class":34},[28,137609,385],{"class":93},[28,137611,34788],{"class":120},[28,137613,94],{"class":93},[28,137615,234],{"class":42},[28,137617,137438],{"class":46},[28,137619,234],{"class":42},[28,137621,2759],{"class":93},[28,137623,43],{"class":42},[28,137625,137447],{"class":46},[28,137627,234],{"class":42},[28,137629,101],{"class":93},[28,137631,137632],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137633,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,137635,137636,137638,137640,137642],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,137637,115],{"class":114},[28,137639,94],{"class":93},[28,137641,157],{"class":120},[28,137643,101],{"class":93},[28,137645,137646,137648,137650,137652],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,137647,115],{"class":114},[28,137649,94],{"class":93},[28,137651,129801],{"class":120},[28,137653,101],{"class":93},[14,137655,336],{},[18,137657,137659],{"className":20,"code":137658,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[25,137660,137661,137666],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137662,137663],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137664,137665],{"class":34},"I like cats\n",[28,137667,137668],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137669,137466],{"class":34},[14,137671,137672],{},"Notice what happened:",[177,137674,137675,137680],{},[180,137676,137677,137679],{},[25,137678,157],{}," did not change",[180,137681,137682,137684],{},[25,137683,129801],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137686,137687,137688,137690,137691,137693],{},"This happens because strings are ",[163,137689,136566],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[25,137692,124293],{}," return a new string instead.",[172,137695,137697],{"id":137696},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137699,89475,137700,137702],{},[25,137701,124293],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137704,137705,137706,36412],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[25,137707,41052],{},[1109,137709,137711],{"id":137710},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[18,137713,137715],{"className":20,"code":137714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,137716,137717,137730,137764,137768],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137718,137719,137721,137723,137725,137728],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137720,84],{"class":34},[28,137722,39],{"class":38},[28,137724,43],{"class":42},[28,137726,137727],{"class":46},"cat cat cat",[28,137729,50],{"class":42},[28,137731,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137733,1999],{"class":34},[28,137735,39],{"class":38},[28,137737,42632],{"class":34},[28,137739,385],{"class":93},[28,137741,34788],{"class":120},[28,137743,94],{"class":93},[28,137745,234],{"class":42},[28,137747,36838],{"class":46},[28,137749,234],{"class":42},[28,137751,2759],{"class":93},[28,137753,43],{"class":42},[28,137755,57907],{"class":46},[28,137757,234],{"class":42},[28,137759,2759],{"class":93},[28,137761,5273],{"class":97},[28,137763,101],{"class":93},[28,137765,137766],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137767,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,137769,137770,137772,137774,137776],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,137771,115],{"class":114},[28,137773,94],{"class":93},[28,137775,2033],{"class":120},[28,137777,101],{"class":93},[14,137779,336],{},[18,137781,137783],{"className":20,"code":137782,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dog cat cat\n",[25,137784,137785],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137786,137787],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137788,137782],{"class":34},[1109,137790,137792],{"id":137791},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[18,137794,137796],{"className":20,"code":137795,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,137797,137798,137810,137844,137848],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137799,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137801,84],{"class":34},[28,137803,39],{"class":38},[28,137805,43],{"class":42},[28,137807,137727],{"class":46},[28,137809,50],{"class":42},[28,137811,137812,137814,137816,137818,137820,137822,137824,137826,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137813,1999],{"class":34},[28,137815,39],{"class":38},[28,137817,42632],{"class":34},[28,137819,385],{"class":93},[28,137821,34788],{"class":120},[28,137823,94],{"class":93},[28,137825,234],{"class":42},[28,137827,36838],{"class":46},[28,137829,234],{"class":42},[28,137831,2759],{"class":93},[28,137833,43],{"class":42},[28,137835,57907],{"class":46},[28,137837,234],{"class":42},[28,137839,2759],{"class":93},[28,137841,2762],{"class":97},[28,137843,101],{"class":93},[28,137845,137846],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137847,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,137849,137850,137852,137854,137856],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,137851,115],{"class":114},[28,137853,94],{"class":93},[28,137855,2033],{"class":120},[28,137857,101],{"class":93},[14,137859,336],{},[18,137861,137863],{"className":20,"code":137862,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"dog dog cat\n",[25,137864,137865],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137866,137867],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137868,137862],{"class":34},[14,137870,137871],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,137873,137874,137875,385],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[381,137876,127655],{"href":124290},[172,137878,137880],{"id":137879},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,137882,137883,137885],{},[25,137884,124293],{}," can also change single characters.",[1109,137887,137889],{"id":137888},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[18,137891,137893],{"className":20,"code":137892,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,137894,137895,137907,137937,137941],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137896,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137898,84],{"class":34},[28,137900,39],{"class":38},[28,137902,43],{"class":42},[28,137904,3858],{"class":46},[28,137906,50],{"class":42},[28,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933,137935],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137910,1999],{"class":34},[28,137912,39],{"class":38},[28,137914,42632],{"class":34},[28,137916,385],{"class":93},[28,137918,34788],{"class":120},[28,137920,94],{"class":93},[28,137922,234],{"class":42},[28,137924,381],{"class":46},[28,137926,234],{"class":42},[28,137928,2759],{"class":93},[28,137930,43],{"class":42},[28,137932,60254],{"class":46},[28,137934,234],{"class":42},[28,137936,101],{"class":93},[28,137938,137939],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,137940,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,137942,137943,137945,137947,137949],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,137944,115],{"class":114},[28,137946,94],{"class":93},[28,137948,2033],{"class":120},[28,137950,101],{"class":93},[14,137952,336],{},[18,137954,137956],{"className":20,"code":137955,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"bonono\n",[25,137957,137958],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137959,137960],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137961,137955],{"class":34},[1109,137963,137965],{"id":137964},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,137967,137968],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[18,137970,137972],{"className":20,"code":137971,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,137973,137974,137987,138011,138015],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,137975,137976,137978,137980,137982,137985],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,137977,84],{"class":34},[28,137979,39],{"class":38},[28,137981,43],{"class":42},[28,137983,137984],{"class":46},"a b c",[28,137986,50],{"class":42},[28,137988,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,137990,1999],{"class":34},[28,137992,39],{"class":38},[28,137994,42632],{"class":34},[28,137996,385],{"class":93},[28,137998,34788],{"class":120},[28,138000,94],{"class":93},[28,138002,234],{"class":42},[28,138004,43],{"class":42},[28,138006,2759],{"class":93},[28,138008,5903],{"class":42},[28,138010,101],{"class":93},[28,138012,138013],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,138014,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,138016,138017,138019,138021,138023],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,138018,115],{"class":114},[28,138020,94],{"class":93},[28,138022,2033],{"class":120},[28,138024,101],{"class":93},[14,138026,336],{},[18,138028,138030],{"className":20,"code":138029,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"abc\n",[25,138031,138032],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138033,138034],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138035,138029],{"class":34},[14,138037,138038],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138040,138041,138042,138046,138047,138051],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[381,138043,1685,138044,1689],{"href":128618},[25,138045,60312],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[381,138048,1685,138049,1689],{"href":136501},[25,138050,41446],{}," is often a better choice.",[172,138053,123769],{"id":123768},[14,138055,138056,123580],{},[25,138057,124293],{},[14,138059,126976,138060,1323,138062,126983],{},[25,138061,112807],{},[25,138063,138064],{},"\"Cat\"",[18,138066,138068],{"className":20,"code":138067,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,138069,138070,138083,138113,138117],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138071,138072,138074,138076,138078,138081],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138073,84],{"class":34},[28,138075,39],{"class":38},[28,138077,43],{"class":42},[28,138079,138080],{"class":46},"Cat cat CAT",[28,138082,50],{"class":42},[28,138084,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138086,1999],{"class":34},[28,138088,39],{"class":38},[28,138090,42632],{"class":34},[28,138092,385],{"class":93},[28,138094,34788],{"class":120},[28,138096,94],{"class":93},[28,138098,234],{"class":42},[28,138100,36838],{"class":46},[28,138102,234],{"class":42},[28,138104,2759],{"class":93},[28,138106,43],{"class":42},[28,138108,57907],{"class":46},[28,138110,234],{"class":42},[28,138112,101],{"class":93},[28,138114,138115],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,138116,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,138118,138119,138121,138123,138125],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,138120,115],{"class":114},[28,138122,94],{"class":93},[28,138124,2033],{"class":120},[28,138126,101],{"class":93},[14,138128,336],{},[18,138130,138132],{"className":20,"code":138131,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Cat dog CAT\n",[25,138133,138134],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138135,138136,138139],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138137,138138],{"class":34},"Cat dog ",[28,138140,138141],{"class":1044},"CAT\n",[14,138143,138144,138145,138147],{},"Only the lowercase ",[25,138146,112807],{}," was replaced.",[14,138149,138150],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138152,138153,138154,385],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[381,138155,1685,138156,1689],{"href":123849},[25,138157,123852],{},[172,138159,3445,138161,11487],{"id":138160},"what-replace-returns",[25,138162,124293],{},[14,138164,138165,138167],{},[25,138166,124293],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138169,138170],{},"If no match is found:",[177,138172,138173,138176],{},[180,138174,138175],{},"no error happens",[180,138177,138178],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138180,924],{},[18,138182,138184],{"className":20,"code":138183,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,138185,138186,138198,138228,138232],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138187,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138189,84],{"class":34},[28,138191,39],{"class":38},[28,138193,43],{"class":42},[28,138195,238],{"class":46},[28,138197,50],{"class":42},[28,138199,138200,138202,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138201,1999],{"class":34},[28,138203,39],{"class":38},[28,138205,42632],{"class":34},[28,138207,385],{"class":93},[28,138209,34788],{"class":120},[28,138211,94],{"class":93},[28,138213,234],{"class":42},[28,138215,1944],{"class":46},[28,138217,234],{"class":42},[28,138219,2759],{"class":93},[28,138221,43],{"class":42},[28,138223,11527],{"class":46},[28,138225,234],{"class":42},[28,138227,101],{"class":93},[28,138229,138230],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,138231,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,138233,138234,138236,138238,138240],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,138235,115],{"class":114},[28,138237,94],{"class":93},[28,138239,2033],{"class":120},[28,138241,101],{"class":93},[14,138243,336],{},[18,138245,138247],{"className":20,"code":138246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"hello\n",[25,138248,138249],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138250,138251],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138252,138246],{"class":34},[14,138254,138255],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[18,138257,138259],{"className":20,"code":138258,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[25,138260,138261,138273],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138262,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138264,84],{"class":34},[28,138266,39],{"class":38},[28,138268,43],{"class":42},[28,138270,60187],{"class":46},[28,138272,50],{"class":42},[28,138274,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138276,129770],{"class":34},[28,138278,39],{"class":38},[28,138280,42632],{"class":34},[28,138282,385],{"class":93},[28,138284,34788],{"class":120},[28,138286,94],{"class":93},[28,138288,234],{"class":42},[28,138290,60372],{"class":46},[28,138292,234],{"class":42},[28,138294,2759],{"class":93},[28,138296,43],{"class":42},[28,138298,892],{"class":46},[28,138300,234],{"class":42},[28,138302,101],{"class":93},[14,138304,138305],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[18,138307,138309],{"className":20,"code":138308,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[25,138310,138311,138323],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138312,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138314,84],{"class":34},[28,138316,39],{"class":38},[28,138318,43],{"class":42},[28,138320,60187],{"class":46},[28,138322,50],{"class":42},[28,138324,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138326,84],{"class":34},[28,138328,39],{"class":38},[28,138330,42632],{"class":34},[28,138332,385],{"class":93},[28,138334,34788],{"class":120},[28,138336,94],{"class":93},[28,138338,234],{"class":42},[28,138340,60372],{"class":46},[28,138342,234],{"class":42},[28,138344,2759],{"class":93},[28,138346,43],{"class":42},[28,138348,892],{"class":46},[28,138350,234],{"class":42},[28,138352,101],{"class":93},[172,138354,4290],{"id":4289},[14,138356,138357,138358,271],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[25,138359,124293],{},[177,138361,138362,138365,138369,138372],{},[180,138363,138364],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[180,138366,8230,138367,131151],{},[25,138368,124293],{},[180,138370,138371],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[180,138373,36995,138374,138376],{},[25,138375,124293],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1109,138378,138380,138381,138383],{"id":138379},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[25,138382,124293],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138385,138386,138387,271],{},"This does not update ",[25,138388,157],{},[18,138390,138392],{"className":20,"code":138391,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,138393,138394,138406,138432],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138395,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138397,84],{"class":34},[28,138399,39],{"class":38},[28,138401,43],{"class":42},[28,138403,137417],{"class":46},[28,138405,50],{"class":42},[28,138407,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138409,157],{"class":34},[28,138411,385],{"class":93},[28,138413,34788],{"class":120},[28,138415,94],{"class":93},[28,138417,234],{"class":42},[28,138419,137438],{"class":46},[28,138421,234],{"class":42},[28,138423,2759],{"class":93},[28,138425,43],{"class":42},[28,138427,137447],{"class":46},[28,138429,234],{"class":42},[28,138431,101],{"class":93},[28,138433,138434,138436,138438,138440],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,138435,115],{"class":114},[28,138437,94],{"class":93},[28,138439,157],{"class":120},[28,138441,101],{"class":93},[14,138443,336],{},[18,138445,138446],{"className":20,"code":137665,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,138447,138448],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138449,138450],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138451,137665],{"class":34},[14,138453,1142],{},[18,138455,138457],{"className":20,"code":138456,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[25,138458,138459,138471,138501],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138460,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138462,84],{"class":34},[28,138464,39],{"class":38},[28,138466,43],{"class":42},[28,138468,137417],{"class":46},[28,138470,50],{"class":42},[28,138472,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138474,84],{"class":34},[28,138476,39],{"class":38},[28,138478,42632],{"class":34},[28,138480,385],{"class":93},[28,138482,34788],{"class":120},[28,138484,94],{"class":93},[28,138486,234],{"class":42},[28,138488,137438],{"class":46},[28,138490,234],{"class":42},[28,138492,2759],{"class":93},[28,138494,43],{"class":42},[28,138496,137447],{"class":46},[28,138498,234],{"class":42},[28,138500,101],{"class":93},[28,138502,138503,138505,138507,138509],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,138504,115],{"class":114},[28,138506,94],{"class":93},[28,138508,157],{"class":120},[28,138510,101],{"class":93},[14,138512,336],{},[18,138514,138515],{"className":20,"code":137466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,138516,138517],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138518,138519],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138520,137466],{"class":34},[1109,138522,138524],{"id":138523},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[18,138526,138528],{"className":20,"code":138527,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[25,138529,138530,138542],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138531,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138533,84],{"class":34},[28,138535,39],{"class":38},[28,138537,43],{"class":42},[28,138539,64],{"class":46},[28,138541,50],{"class":42},[28,138543,138544,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138545,115],{"class":114},[28,138547,94],{"class":93},[28,138549,157],{"class":120},[28,138551,385],{"class":93},[28,138553,34788],{"class":120},[28,138555,94],{"class":93},[28,138557,234],{"class":42},[28,138559,238],{"class":46},[28,138561,234],{"class":42},[28,138563,2759],{"class":93},[28,138565,43],{"class":42},[28,138567,89710],{"class":46},[28,138569,234],{"class":42},[28,138571,318],{"class":93},[14,138573,336],{},[18,138575,138576],{"className":20,"code":592,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,138577,138578],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138579,138580],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138581,592],{"class":34},[14,138583,138584,138585,1323,138587,138589],{},"Nothing changed because ",[25,138586,1617],{},[25,138588,90186],{}," are not the same.",[1109,138591,138593],{"id":138592},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[18,138595,138597],{"className":20,"code":138596,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[25,138598,138599,138612],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138600,138601,138603,138605,138607,138610],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138602,84],{"class":34},[28,138604,39],{"class":38},[28,138606,43],{"class":42},[28,138608,138609],{"class":46},"red red red",[28,138611,50],{"class":42},[28,138613,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138615,115],{"class":114},[28,138617,94],{"class":93},[28,138619,157],{"class":120},[28,138621,385],{"class":93},[28,138623,34788],{"class":120},[28,138625,94],{"class":93},[28,138627,234],{"class":42},[28,138629,12877],{"class":46},[28,138631,234],{"class":42},[28,138633,2759],{"class":93},[28,138635,43],{"class":42},[28,138637,12894],{"class":46},[28,138639,234],{"class":42},[28,138641,318],{"class":93},[14,138643,336],{},[18,138645,138647],{"className":20,"code":138646,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"blue blue blue\n",[25,138648,138649],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138650,138651],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138652,138646],{"class":34},[14,138654,138655,138656,271],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[25,138657,41052],{},[18,138659,138661],{"className":20,"code":138660,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[25,138662,138663,138675],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138664,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138666,84],{"class":34},[28,138668,39],{"class":38},[28,138670,43],{"class":42},[28,138672,138609],{"class":46},[28,138674,50],{"class":42},[28,138676,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138678,115],{"class":114},[28,138680,94],{"class":93},[28,138682,157],{"class":120},[28,138684,385],{"class":93},[28,138686,34788],{"class":120},[28,138688,94],{"class":93},[28,138690,234],{"class":42},[28,138692,12877],{"class":46},[28,138694,234],{"class":42},[28,138696,2759],{"class":93},[28,138698,43],{"class":42},[28,138700,12894],{"class":46},[28,138702,234],{"class":42},[28,138704,2759],{"class":93},[28,138706,5273],{"class":97},[28,138708,318],{"class":93},[14,138710,336],{},[18,138712,138714],{"className":20,"code":138713,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"blue red red\n",[25,138715,138716],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138717,138718],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138719,138713],{"class":34},[1109,138721,138723,138724,138726],{"id":138722},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[25,138725,124293],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138728,138729],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[177,138731,138732,138739,138746],{},[180,138733,1631,138734,138738],{},[381,138735,138736],{"href":128618},[25,138737,60312],{}," to break a string into a list",[180,138740,1631,138741,138745],{},[381,138742,138743],{"href":136501},[25,138744,41446],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[180,138747,1631,138748,138750],{},[25,138749,124293],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[172,138752,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,138754,12487,138756,124449],{"id":138755},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[25,138757,124293],{},[14,138759,138760],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1109,138762,138764],{"id":138763},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138766,138767],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1109,138769,138771],{"id":138770},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138773,138774],{},"Use the third argument:",[18,138776,138778],{"className":20,"code":138777,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[25,138779,138780],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138781,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138783,157],{"class":34},[28,138785,385],{"class":93},[28,138787,34788],{"class":120},[28,138789,94],{"class":93},[28,138791,137528],{"class":120},[28,138793,2759],{"class":93},[28,138795,137533],{"class":120},[28,138797,2759],{"class":93},[28,138799,5273],{"class":97},[28,138801,101],{"class":93},[1109,138803,4943,138805,138807],{"id":138804},"can-replace-remove-text",[25,138806,124293],{}," remove text?",[14,138809,138810],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[18,138812,138814],{"className":20,"code":138813,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[25,138815,138816],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138817,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138819,157],{"class":34},[28,138821,385],{"class":93},[28,138823,34788],{"class":120},[28,138825,94],{"class":93},[28,138827,234],{"class":42},[28,138829,1944],{"class":46},[28,138831,234],{"class":42},[28,138833,2759],{"class":93},[28,138835,5903],{"class":42},[28,138837,101],{"class":93},[1109,138839,14689,138841,124458],{"id":138840},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[25,138842,124293],{},[14,138844,129460],{},[172,138846,1662],{"id":1661},[177,138848,138849,138853,138859,138865,138871],{},[180,138850,138851],{},[381,138852,124528],{"href":124290},[180,138854,138855],{},[381,138856,1685,138857,1689],{"href":128618},[25,138858,60312],{},[180,138860,138861],{},[381,138862,1685,138863,1689],{"href":136501},[25,138864,41446],{},[180,138866,138867],{},[381,138868,1685,138869,1689],{"href":123849},[25,138870,123852],{},[180,138872,138873],{},[381,138874,384],{"href":383},[1699,138876,138877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":138879},[138880,138881,138883,138886,138887,138891,138895,138896,138898,138906,138916],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":137481,"depth":53,"text":138882},"What replace() does",{"id":5205,"depth":53,"text":5206,"children":138884},[138885],{"id":17180,"depth":70,"text":17181},{"id":5562,"depth":53,"text":5563},{"id":137696,"depth":53,"text":137697,"children":138888},[138889,138890],{"id":137710,"depth":70,"text":137711},{"id":137791,"depth":70,"text":137792},{"id":137879,"depth":53,"text":137880,"children":138892},[138893,138894],{"id":137888,"depth":70,"text":137889},{"id":137964,"depth":70,"text":137965},{"id":123768,"depth":53,"text":123769},{"id":138160,"depth":53,"text":138897},"What replace() returns",{"id":4289,"depth":53,"text":4290,"children":138899},[138900,138902,138903,138904],{"id":138379,"depth":70,"text":138901},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138523,"depth":70,"text":138524},{"id":138592,"depth":70,"text":138593},{"id":138722,"depth":70,"text":138905},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":138907},[138908,138910,138911,138912,138914],{"id":138755,"depth":70,"text":138909},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138763,"depth":70,"text":138764},{"id":138770,"depth":70,"text":138771},{"id":138804,"depth":70,"text":138913},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138840,"depth":70,"text":138915},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137366,"description":138917},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138924,"title":138925,"body":138926,"description":140945,"extension":1730,"meta":140946,"navigation":107,"path":140947,"seo":140948,"stem":140949,"__hash__":140950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138927,"toc":140909},[138928,138933,138938,138941,138952,138954,139009,139014,139019,139026,139028,139043,139045,139101,139103,139141,139146,139148,139172,139175,139188,139193,139195,139227,139229,139262,139268,139273,139276,139286,139289,139291,139347,139349,139399,139402,139410,139413,139469,139471,139544,139557,139565,139569,139580,139583,139586,139639,139641,139673,139676,139730,139732,139767,139770,139775,139780,139785,139788,139790,139848,139850,139884,139886,139901,139904,139906,139948,139950,139976,139981,139989,139992,139994,140076,140078,140129,140132,140143,140151,140153,140226,140228,140246,140250,140253,140257,140284,140286,140294,140298,140333,140335,140348,140352,140355,140394,140396,140413,140418,140423,140434,140437,140448,140450,140452,140478,140481,140530,140532,140549,140552,140554,140606,140608,140640,140643,140701,140706,140708,140713,140816,140818,140832,140834,140841,140846,140851,140856,140861,140866,140869,140873,140878,140880,140906],[10,138929,123122,138931,11102],{"id":138930},"python-string-split-method",[25,138932,60312],{},[14,138934,123127,138935,138937],{},[25,138936,60312],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,138939,138940],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[177,138942,138943,138946,138949],{},[180,138944,138945],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[180,138947,138948],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[180,138950,138951],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[172,138953,1771],{"id":1770},[18,138955,138957],{"className":20,"code":138956,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[25,138958,138959,138972,138994,139004],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,138960,138961,138963,138965,138967,138970],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,138962,84],{"class":34},[28,138964,39],{"class":38},[28,138966,43],{"class":42},[28,138968,138969],{"class":46},"apple,banana,cherry",[28,138971,50],{"class":42},[28,138973,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,138975,42627],{"class":34},[28,138977,39],{"class":38},[28,138979,42632],{"class":34},[28,138981,385],{"class":93},[28,138983,34260],{"class":120},[28,138985,94],{"class":93},[28,138987,234],{"class":42},[28,138989,2759],{"class":46},[28,138991,234],{"class":42},[28,138993,101],{"class":93},[28,138995,138996,138998,139000,139002],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,138997,115],{"class":114},[28,138999,94],{"class":93},[28,139001,42659],{"class":120},[28,139003,101],{"class":93},[28,139005,139006],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139007,139008],{"class":1006},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139010,1631,139011,139013],{},[25,139012,60312],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[172,139015,3445,139017,3448],{"id":139016},"what-split-does",[25,139018,60312],{},[14,139020,139021,131979,139023,385],{},[25,139022,60312],{},[163,139024,139025],{},"string method",[14,139027,48708],{},[177,139029,139030,139033,139038],{},[180,139031,139032],{},"divides a string into parts",[180,139034,119425,139035],{},[163,139036,139037],{},"new list of strings",[180,139039,119431,139040,139042],{},[163,139041,4402],{}," change the original string",[14,139044,924],{},[18,139046,139048],{"className":20,"code":139047,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[25,139049,139050,139063,139077,139081,139091],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139051,139052,139054,139056,139058,139061],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139053,84],{"class":34},[28,139055,39],{"class":38},[28,139057,43],{"class":42},[28,139059,139060],{"class":46},"red blue green",[28,139062,50],{"class":42},[28,139064,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139066,42627],{"class":34},[28,139068,39],{"class":38},[28,139070,42632],{"class":34},[28,139072,385],{"class":93},[28,139074,34260],{"class":120},[28,139076,8420],{"class":93},[28,139078,139079],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,139080,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,139082,139083,139085,139087,139089],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139084,115],{"class":114},[28,139086,94],{"class":93},[28,139088,157],{"class":120},[28,139090,101],{"class":93},[28,139092,139093,139095,139097,139099],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,139094,115],{"class":114},[28,139096,94],{"class":93},[28,139098,42659],{"class":120},[28,139100,101],{"class":93},[14,139102,336],{},[18,139104,139106],{"className":20,"code":139105,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[25,139107,139108,139113],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139109,139110],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139111,139112],{"class":34},"red blue green\n",[28,139114,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139116,3669],{"class":93},[28,139118,358],{"class":42},[28,139120,12877],{"class":46},[28,139122,358],{"class":42},[28,139124,2759],{"class":93},[28,139126,61],{"class":42},[28,139128,12894],{"class":46},[28,139130,358],{"class":42},[28,139132,2759],{"class":93},[28,139134,61],{"class":42},[28,139136,17242],{"class":46},[28,139138,358],{"class":42},[28,139140,3401],{"class":93},[14,139142,139143,139144,385],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[381,139145,384],{"href":383},[172,139147,1927],{"id":1926},[18,139149,139151],{"className":20,"code":139150,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[25,139152,139153],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139154,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139170],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139156,60953],{"class":34},[28,139158,385],{"class":93},[28,139160,34260],{"class":120},[28,139162,94],{"class":93},[28,139164,133335],{"class":120},[28,139166,2759],{"class":93},[28,139168,139169],{"class":120}," maxsplit",[28,139171,101],{"class":93},[14,139173,139174],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[177,139176,139177,139182],{},[180,139178,139179,139181],{},[25,139180,133335],{}," tells Python where to split",[180,139183,139184,139187],{},[25,139185,139186],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139189,8653,139190,139192],{},[25,139191,133335],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139194,924],{},[18,139196,139198],{"className":20,"code":139197,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[25,139199,139200,139213],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139201,139202,139204,139206,139208,139211],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139203,84],{"class":34},[28,139205,39],{"class":38},[28,139207,43],{"class":42},[28,139209,139210],{"class":46},"one two three",[28,139212,50],{"class":42},[28,139214,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139216,115],{"class":114},[28,139218,94],{"class":93},[28,139220,157],{"class":120},[28,139222,385],{"class":93},[28,139224,34260],{"class":120},[28,139226,6970],{"class":93},[14,139228,336],{},[18,139230,139232],{"className":20,"code":139231,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[25,139233,139234],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139235,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139237,3669],{"class":93},[28,139239,358],{"class":42},[28,139241,6360],{"class":46},[28,139243,358],{"class":42},[28,139245,2759],{"class":93},[28,139247,61],{"class":42},[28,139249,79050],{"class":46},[28,139251,358],{"class":42},[28,139253,2759],{"class":93},[28,139255,61],{"class":42},[28,139257,133817],{"class":46},[28,139259,358],{"class":42},[28,139261,3401],{"class":93},[172,139263,8194,139265,139267],{"id":139264},"using-split-with-no-separator",[25,139266,60312],{}," with no separator",[14,139269,69953,139270,139272],{},[25,139271,60312],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139274,139275],{},"Whitespace includes:",[177,139277,139278,139280,139283],{},[180,139279,10231],{},[180,139281,139282],{},"tabs",[180,139284,139285],{},"new lines",[14,139287,139288],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139290,924],{},[18,139292,139294],{"className":20,"code":139293,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[25,139295,139296,139319,139333,139337],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139297,139298,139300,139302,139304,139307,139310,139312,139314,139317],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139299,84],{"class":34},[28,139301,39],{"class":38},[28,139303,43],{"class":42},[28,139305,139306],{"class":46},"Python   is",[28,139308,139309],{"class":1044},"\\t",[28,139311,133071],{"class":46},[28,139313,86930],{"class":1044},[28,139315,139316],{"class":46},"and useful",[28,139318,50],{"class":42},[28,139320,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139322,42627],{"class":34},[28,139324,39],{"class":38},[28,139326,42632],{"class":34},[28,139328,385],{"class":93},[28,139330,34260],{"class":120},[28,139332,8420],{"class":93},[28,139334,139335],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,139336,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139340,115],{"class":114},[28,139342,94],{"class":93},[28,139344,42659],{"class":120},[28,139346,101],{"class":93},[14,139348,336],{},[18,139350,139352],{"className":20,"code":139351,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[25,139353,139354],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139355,139356,139358,139360,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139395,139397],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139357,3669],{"class":93},[28,139359,358],{"class":42},[28,139361,892],{"class":46},[28,139363,358],{"class":42},[28,139365,2759],{"class":93},[28,139367,61],{"class":42},[28,139369,11976],{"class":46},[28,139371,358],{"class":42},[28,139373,2759],{"class":93},[28,139375,61],{"class":42},[28,139377,133071],{"class":46},[28,139379,358],{"class":42},[28,139381,2759],{"class":93},[28,139383,61],{"class":42},[28,139385,129696],{"class":46},[28,139387,358],{"class":42},[28,139389,2759],{"class":93},[28,139391,61],{"class":42},[28,139393,139394],{"class":46},"useful",[28,139396,358],{"class":42},[28,139398,3401],{"class":93},[14,139400,139401],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1109,139403,139405,10365,139407],{"id":139404},"split-vs-split",[25,139406,60312],{},[25,139408,139409],{},"split(' ')",[14,139411,139412],{},"These are not the same.",[18,139414,139416],{"className":20,"code":139415,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[25,139417,139418,139431,139435,139449],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139419,139420,139422,139424,139426,139429],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139421,84],{"class":34},[28,139423,39],{"class":38},[28,139425,43],{"class":42},[28,139427,139428],{"class":46},"a  b   c",[28,139430,50],{"class":42},[28,139432,139433],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139434,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,139436,139437,139439,139441,139443,139445,139447],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,139438,115],{"class":114},[28,139440,94],{"class":93},[28,139442,157],{"class":120},[28,139444,385],{"class":93},[28,139446,34260],{"class":120},[28,139448,6970],{"class":93},[28,139450,139451,139453,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139452,115],{"class":114},[28,139454,94],{"class":93},[28,139456,157],{"class":120},[28,139458,385],{"class":93},[28,139460,34260],{"class":120},[28,139462,94],{"class":93},[28,139464,234],{"class":42},[28,139466,43],{"class":42},[28,139468,318],{"class":93},[14,139470,336],{},[18,139472,139474],{"className":20,"code":139473,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[25,139475,139476,139504],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139477,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139479,3669],{"class":93},[28,139481,358],{"class":42},[28,139483,381],{"class":46},[28,139485,358],{"class":42},[28,139487,2759],{"class":93},[28,139489,61],{"class":42},[28,139491,4533],{"class":46},[28,139493,358],{"class":42},[28,139495,2759],{"class":93},[28,139497,61],{"class":42},[28,139499,9518],{"class":46},[28,139501,358],{"class":42},[28,139503,3401],{"class":93},[28,139505,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139507,3669],{"class":93},[28,139509,358],{"class":42},[28,139511,381],{"class":46},[28,139513,358],{"class":42},[28,139515,2759],{"class":93},[28,139517,3607],{"class":42},[28,139519,2759],{"class":93},[28,139521,61],{"class":42},[28,139523,4533],{"class":46},[28,139525,358],{"class":42},[28,139527,2759],{"class":93},[28,139529,3607],{"class":42},[28,139531,2759],{"class":93},[28,139533,3607],{"class":42},[28,139535,2759],{"class":93},[28,139537,61],{"class":42},[28,139539,9518],{"class":46},[28,139541,358],{"class":42},[28,139543,3401],{"class":93},[177,139545,139546,139551],{},[180,139547,139548,139550],{},[25,139549,60312],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[180,139552,139553,139556],{},[25,139554,139555],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139558,139559,139560,139564],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[381,139561,1685,139562,1689],{"href":136501},[25,139563,41446],{}," is often useful.",[172,139566,139568],{"id":139567},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139570,139571,139572,1959,139575,1963,139577,385],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[25,139573,139574],{},"\",\"",[25,139576,133170],{},[25,139578,139579],{},"\"::\"",[14,139581,139582],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139584,139585],{},"Example with commas:",[18,139587,139589],{"className":20,"code":139588,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[25,139590,139591,139603,139625,139629],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139592,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139594,84],{"class":34},[28,139596,39],{"class":38},[28,139598,43],{"class":42},[28,139600,138969],{"class":46},[28,139602,50],{"class":42},[28,139604,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139606,42627],{"class":34},[28,139608,39],{"class":38},[28,139610,42632],{"class":34},[28,139612,385],{"class":93},[28,139614,34260],{"class":120},[28,139616,94],{"class":93},[28,139618,234],{"class":42},[28,139620,2759],{"class":46},[28,139622,234],{"class":42},[28,139624,101],{"class":93},[28,139626,139627],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,139628,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,139630,139631,139633,139635,139637],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139632,115],{"class":114},[28,139634,94],{"class":93},[28,139636,42659],{"class":120},[28,139638,101],{"class":93},[14,139640,336],{},[18,139642,139643],{"className":20,"code":78229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,139644,139645],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139646,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139648,3669],{"class":93},[28,139650,358],{"class":42},[28,139652,3849],{"class":46},[28,139654,358],{"class":42},[28,139656,2759],{"class":93},[28,139658,61],{"class":42},[28,139660,3858],{"class":46},[28,139662,358],{"class":42},[28,139664,2759],{"class":93},[28,139666,61],{"class":42},[28,139668,3867],{"class":46},[28,139670,358],{"class":42},[28,139672,3401],{"class":93},[14,139674,139675],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[18,139677,139679],{"className":20,"code":139678,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[25,139680,139681,139694,139716,139720],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139682,139683,139685,139687,139689,139692],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139684,84],{"class":34},[28,139686,39],{"class":38},[28,139688,43],{"class":42},[28,139690,139691],{"class":46},"2024::10::31",[28,139693,50],{"class":42},[28,139695,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139697,42627],{"class":34},[28,139699,39],{"class":38},[28,139701,42632],{"class":34},[28,139703,385],{"class":93},[28,139705,34260],{"class":120},[28,139707,94],{"class":93},[28,139709,234],{"class":42},[28,139711,76446],{"class":46},[28,139713,234],{"class":42},[28,139715,101],{"class":93},[28,139717,139718],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,139719,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,139721,139722,139724,139726,139728],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139723,115],{"class":114},[28,139725,94],{"class":93},[28,139727,42659],{"class":120},[28,139729,101],{"class":93},[14,139731,336],{},[18,139733,139735],{"className":20,"code":139734,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[25,139736,139737],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139738,139739,139741,139743,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139763,139765],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139740,3669],{"class":93},[28,139742,358],{"class":42},[28,139744,139745],{"class":46},"2024",[28,139747,358],{"class":42},[28,139749,2759],{"class":93},[28,139751,61],{"class":42},[28,139753,2099],{"class":46},[28,139755,358],{"class":42},[28,139757,2759],{"class":93},[28,139759,61],{"class":42},[28,139761,139762],{"class":46},"31",[28,139764,358],{"class":42},[28,139766,3401],{"class":93},[14,139768,139769],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139771,139772,139773,385],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[381,139774,128615],{"href":128614},[172,139776,8194,139778],{"id":139777},"using-maxsplit",[25,139779,139186],{},[14,139781,139782,139784],{},[25,139783,139186],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139786,139787],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139789,924],{},[18,139791,139793],{"className":20,"code":139792,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[25,139794,139795,139808,139834,139838],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139796,139797,139799,139801,139803,139806],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139798,84],{"class":34},[28,139800,39],{"class":38},[28,139802,43],{"class":42},[28,139804,139805],{"class":46},"name:age:city:country",[28,139807,50],{"class":42},[28,139809,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139811,42627],{"class":34},[28,139813,39],{"class":38},[28,139815,42632],{"class":34},[28,139817,385],{"class":93},[28,139819,34260],{"class":120},[28,139821,94],{"class":93},[28,139823,234],{"class":42},[28,139825,271],{"class":46},[28,139827,234],{"class":42},[28,139829,2759],{"class":93},[28,139831,2762],{"class":97},[28,139833,101],{"class":93},[28,139835,139836],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,139837,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,139839,139840,139842,139844,139846],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,139841,115],{"class":114},[28,139843,94],{"class":93},[28,139845,42659],{"class":120},[28,139847,101],{"class":93},[14,139849,336],{},[18,139851,139853],{"className":20,"code":139852,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[25,139854,139855],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139856,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139880,139882],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139858,3669],{"class":93},[28,139860,358],{"class":42},[28,139862,121],{"class":46},[28,139864,358],{"class":42},[28,139866,2759],{"class":93},[28,139868,61],{"class":42},[28,139870,835],{"class":46},[28,139872,358],{"class":42},[28,139874,2759],{"class":93},[28,139876,61],{"class":42},[28,139878,139879],{"class":46},"city:country",[28,139881,358],{"class":42},[28,139883,3401],{"class":93},[14,139885,1949],{},[177,139887,139888,139893,139898],{},[180,139889,139890,139891],{},"Python splits at the first ",[25,139892,271],{},[180,139894,139895,139896],{},"then splits at the second ",[25,139897,271],{},[180,139899,139900],{},"then stops",[14,139902,139903],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,139905,51859],{},[18,139907,139909],{"className":20,"code":139908,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[25,139910,139911,139924],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139912,139913,139915,139917,139919,139922],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139914,84],{"class":34},[28,139916,39],{"class":38},[28,139918,43],{"class":42},[28,139920,139921],{"class":46},"apple banana cherry grape",[28,139923,50],{"class":42},[28,139925,139926,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,139927,115],{"class":114},[28,139929,94],{"class":93},[28,139931,157],{"class":120},[28,139933,385],{"class":93},[28,139935,34260],{"class":120},[28,139937,94],{"class":93},[28,139939,234],{"class":42},[28,139941,43],{"class":42},[28,139943,2759],{"class":93},[28,139945,5273],{"class":97},[28,139947,318],{"class":93},[14,139949,336],{},[18,139951,139953],{"className":20,"code":139952,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[25,139954,139955],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,139956,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139972,139974],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,139958,3669],{"class":93},[28,139960,358],{"class":42},[28,139962,3849],{"class":46},[28,139964,358],{"class":42},[28,139966,2759],{"class":93},[28,139968,61],{"class":42},[28,139970,139971],{"class":46},"banana cherry grape",[28,139973,358],{"class":42},[28,139975,3401],{"class":93},[172,139977,3445,139979,11487],{"id":139978},"what-split-returns",[25,139980,60312],{},[14,139982,139983,139984,139986,139987,385],{},"The result of ",[25,139985,60312],{}," is always a ",[163,139988,7869],{},[14,139990,139991],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,139993,924],{},[18,139995,139997],{"className":20,"code":139996,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[25,139998,139999,140012,140034,140038,140048,140062],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140000,140001,140003,140005,140007,140010],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140002,84],{"class":34},[28,140004,39],{"class":38},[28,140006,43],{"class":42},[28,140008,140009],{"class":46},"cat,dog,bird",[28,140011,50],{"class":42},[28,140013,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140015,42627],{"class":34},[28,140017,39],{"class":38},[28,140019,42632],{"class":34},[28,140021,385],{"class":93},[28,140023,34260],{"class":120},[28,140025,94],{"class":93},[28,140027,234],{"class":42},[28,140029,2759],{"class":46},[28,140031,234],{"class":42},[28,140033,101],{"class":93},[28,140035,140036],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140037,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,140039,140040,140042,140044,140046],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,140041,115],{"class":114},[28,140043,94],{"class":93},[28,140045,42659],{"class":120},[28,140047,101],{"class":93},[28,140049,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,140051,115],{"class":114},[28,140053,94],{"class":93},[28,140055,311],{"class":89},[28,140057,94],{"class":93},[28,140059,42659],{"class":120},[28,140061,318],{"class":93},[28,140063,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,140065,115],{"class":114},[28,140067,94],{"class":93},[28,140069,42659],{"class":120},[28,140071,3669],{"class":93},[28,140073,1888],{"class":97},[28,140075,3657],{"class":93},[14,140077,336],{},[18,140079,140081],{"className":20,"code":140080,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[25,140082,140083,140111,140125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140084,140085,140087,140089,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140086,3669],{"class":93},[28,140088,358],{"class":42},[28,140090,36838],{"class":46},[28,140092,358],{"class":42},[28,140094,2759],{"class":93},[28,140096,61],{"class":42},[28,140098,57907],{"class":46},[28,140100,358],{"class":42},[28,140102,2759],{"class":93},[28,140104,61],{"class":42},[28,140106,57924],{"class":46},[28,140108,358],{"class":42},[28,140110,3401],{"class":93},[28,140112,140113,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140114,346],{"class":38},[28,140116,350],{"class":349},[28,140118,61],{"class":42},[28,140120,7869],{"class":46},[28,140122,358],{"class":42},[28,140124,361],{"class":38},[28,140126,140127],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140128,85246],{"class":34},[14,140130,140131],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[177,140133,140134,140137,140140],{},[180,140135,140136],{},"loop over it",[180,140138,140139],{},"access items by index",[180,140141,140142],{},"combine items again later",[14,140144,140145,140146,385],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[381,140147,1685,140149,1689],{"href":140148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[25,140150,133013],{},[14,140152,924],{},[18,140154,140156],{"className":20,"code":140155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[25,140157,140158,140190,140212,140216],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140159,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140161,42627],{"class":34},[28,140163,39],{"class":38},[28,140165,3388],{"class":93},[28,140167,358],{"class":42},[28,140169,36838],{"class":46},[28,140171,358],{"class":42},[28,140173,2759],{"class":93},[28,140175,61],{"class":42},[28,140177,57907],{"class":46},[28,140179,358],{"class":42},[28,140181,2759],{"class":93},[28,140183,61],{"class":42},[28,140185,57924],{"class":46},[28,140187,358],{"class":42},[28,140189,3401],{"class":93},[28,140191,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140193,84],{"class":34},[28,140195,39],{"class":38},[28,140197,43],{"class":42},[28,140199,1790],{"class":46},[28,140201,234],{"class":42},[28,140203,385],{"class":93},[28,140205,133090],{"class":120},[28,140207,94],{"class":93},[28,140209,42659],{"class":120},[28,140211,101],{"class":93},[28,140213,140214],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140215,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,140217,140218,140220,140222,140224],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,140219,115],{"class":114},[28,140221,94],{"class":93},[28,140223,157],{"class":120},[28,140225,101],{"class":93},[14,140227,336],{},[18,140229,140231],{"className":20,"code":140230,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"cat-dog-bird\n",[25,140232,140233],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140234,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140236,36838],{"class":34},[28,140238,1790],{"class":38},[28,140240,57907],{"class":34},[28,140242,1790],{"class":38},[28,140244,140245],{"class":34},"bird\n",[172,140247,140249],{"id":140248},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140251,140252],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1109,140254,140256],{"id":140255},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[18,140258,140260],{"className":20,"code":140259,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[25,140261,140262,140270],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140263,140264,140266,140268],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140265,84],{"class":34},[28,140267,39],{"class":38},[28,140269,78],{"class":42},[28,140271,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140273,115],{"class":114},[28,140275,94],{"class":93},[28,140277,157],{"class":120},[28,140279,385],{"class":93},[28,140281,34260],{"class":120},[28,140283,6970],{"class":93},[14,140285,336],{},[18,140287,140288],{"className":20,"code":38089,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,140289,140290],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140291,140292],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140293,38089],{"class":93},[1109,140295,140297],{"id":140296},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[18,140299,140301],{"className":20,"code":140300,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[25,140302,140303,140311],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140304,140305,140307,140309],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140306,84],{"class":34},[28,140308,39],{"class":38},[28,140310,78],{"class":42},[28,140312,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140314,115],{"class":114},[28,140316,94],{"class":93},[28,140318,157],{"class":120},[28,140320,385],{"class":93},[28,140322,34260],{"class":120},[28,140324,94],{"class":93},[28,140326,234],{"class":42},[28,140328,2759],{"class":46},[28,140330,234],{"class":42},[28,140332,318],{"class":93},[14,140334,336],{},[18,140336,140338],{"className":20,"code":140337,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['']\n",[25,140339,140340],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140341,140342,140344,140346],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140343,3669],{"class":93},[28,140345,477],{"class":42},[28,140347,3401],{"class":93},[1109,140349,140351],{"id":140350},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140353,140354],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[18,140356,140358],{"className":20,"code":140357,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[25,140359,140360,140372],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140361,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140363,84],{"class":34},[28,140365,39],{"class":38},[28,140367,43],{"class":42},[28,140369,238],{"class":46},[28,140371,50],{"class":42},[28,140373,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140375,115],{"class":114},[28,140377,94],{"class":93},[28,140379,157],{"class":120},[28,140381,385],{"class":93},[28,140383,34260],{"class":120},[28,140385,94],{"class":93},[28,140387,234],{"class":42},[28,140389,2759],{"class":46},[28,140391,234],{"class":42},[28,140393,318],{"class":93},[14,140395,336],{},[18,140397,140399],{"className":20,"code":140398,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"['hello']\n",[25,140400,140401],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140402,140403,140405,140407,140409,140411],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140404,3669],{"class":93},[28,140406,358],{"class":42},[28,140408,238],{"class":46},[28,140410,358],{"class":42},[28,140412,3401],{"class":93},[172,140414,4734,140416],{"id":140415},"when-to-use-split",[25,140417,60312],{},[14,140419,1631,140420,140422],{},[25,140421,60312],{}," when you need to:",[177,140424,140425,140428,140431],{},[180,140426,140427],{},"split a sentence into words",[180,140429,140430],{},"split comma-separated values",[180,140432,140433],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140435,140436],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[177,140438,140439,140442,140445],{},[180,140440,140441],{},"cleaning text",[180,140443,140444],{},"parsing user input",[180,140446,140447],{},"processing simple file content",[172,140449,1104],{"id":1103},[14,140451,84018],{},[177,140453,140454,140458,140464,140467,140475],{},[180,140455,50285,140456,131151],{},[25,140457,60312],{},[180,140459,140460,140461,140463],{},"forgetting that ",[25,140462,60312],{}," returns a list, not a string",[180,140465,140466],{},"using the wrong separator",[180,140468,140469,140470,140472,140473],{},"assuming ",[25,140471,139409],{}," behaves the same as ",[25,140474,60312],{},[180,140476,140477],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140479,140480],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[18,140482,140484],{"className":20,"code":140483,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[25,140485,140486,140498,140516,140520],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140487,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140489,84],{"class":34},[28,140491,39],{"class":38},[28,140493,43],{"class":42},[28,140495,42620],{"class":46},[28,140497,50],{"class":42},[28,140499,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140501,157],{"class":34},[28,140503,385],{"class":93},[28,140505,34260],{"class":120},[28,140507,94],{"class":93},[28,140509,234],{"class":42},[28,140511,2759],{"class":46},[28,140513,234],{"class":42},[28,140515,101],{"class":93},[28,140517,140518],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140519,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,140521,140522,140524,140526,140528],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,140523,115],{"class":114},[28,140525,94],{"class":93},[28,140527,157],{"class":120},[28,140529,101],{"class":93},[14,140531,336],{},[18,140533,140535],{"className":20,"code":140534,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a,b,c\n",[25,140536,140537],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140538,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140540,381],{"class":34},[28,140542,2759],{"class":93},[28,140544,4533],{"class":34},[28,140546,2759],{"class":93},[28,140548,69025],{"class":34},[14,140550,140551],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140553,1142],{},[18,140555,140556],{"className":20,"code":42607,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,140557,140558,140570,140592,140596],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140559,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140561,84],{"class":34},[28,140563,39],{"class":38},[28,140565,43],{"class":42},[28,140567,42620],{"class":46},[28,140569,50],{"class":42},[28,140571,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140573,42627],{"class":34},[28,140575,39],{"class":38},[28,140577,42632],{"class":34},[28,140579,385],{"class":93},[28,140581,34260],{"class":120},[28,140583,94],{"class":93},[28,140585,234],{"class":42},[28,140587,2759],{"class":46},[28,140589,234],{"class":42},[28,140591,101],{"class":93},[28,140593,140594],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140595,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,140599,115],{"class":114},[28,140601,94],{"class":93},[28,140603,42659],{"class":120},[28,140605,101],{"class":93},[14,140607,336],{},[18,140609,140610],{"className":20,"code":42666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,140611,140612],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140613,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140615,3669],{"class":93},[28,140617,358],{"class":42},[28,140619,381],{"class":46},[28,140621,358],{"class":42},[28,140623,2759],{"class":93},[28,140625,61],{"class":42},[28,140627,4533],{"class":46},[28,140629,358],{"class":42},[28,140631,2759],{"class":93},[28,140633,61],{"class":42},[28,140635,9518],{"class":46},[28,140637,358],{"class":42},[28,140639,3401],{"class":93},[14,140641,140642],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[18,140644,140646],{"className":20,"code":140645,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[25,140647,140648,140661,140683,140687],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140649,140650,140652,140654,140656,140659],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140651,84],{"class":34},[28,140653,39],{"class":38},[28,140655,43],{"class":42},[28,140657,140658],{"class":46},"apple,banana",[28,140660,50],{"class":42},[28,140662,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140664,42627],{"class":34},[28,140666,39],{"class":38},[28,140668,42632],{"class":34},[28,140670,385],{"class":93},[28,140672,34260],{"class":120},[28,140674,94],{"class":93},[28,140676,234],{"class":42},[28,140678,2759],{"class":46},[28,140680,234],{"class":42},[28,140682,101],{"class":93},[28,140684,140685],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140686,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,140688,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,140690,115],{"class":114},[28,140692,94],{"class":93},[28,140694,42659],{"class":120},[28,140696,3669],{"class":93},[28,140698,1825],{"class":97},[28,140700,3657],{"class":93},[14,140702,140703,140704,385],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[381,140705,69038],{"href":69037},[1109,140707,1517],{"id":1516},[14,140709,8653,140710,140712],{},[25,140711,60312],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[18,140714,140716],{"className":20,"code":140715,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[25,140717,140718,140728,140742,140764,140790],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140719,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140721,115],{"class":114},[28,140723,94],{"class":93},[28,140725,157],{"class":120},[28,140727,101],{"class":93},[28,140729,140730,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140731,115],{"class":114},[28,140733,94],{"class":93},[28,140735,157],{"class":120},[28,140737,385],{"class":93},[28,140739,34260],{"class":120},[28,140741,6970],{"class":93},[28,140743,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140745,115],{"class":114},[28,140747,94],{"class":93},[28,140749,157],{"class":120},[28,140751,385],{"class":93},[28,140753,34260],{"class":120},[28,140755,94],{"class":93},[28,140757,358],{"class":42},[28,140759,2759],{"class":46},[28,140761,358],{"class":42},[28,140763,318],{"class":93},[28,140765,140766,140768,140770,140772,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,140767,115],{"class":114},[28,140769,94],{"class":93},[28,140771,10941],{"class":114},[28,140773,94],{"class":93},[28,140775,157],{"class":120},[28,140777,385],{"class":93},[28,140779,34260],{"class":120},[28,140781,94],{"class":93},[28,140783,358],{"class":42},[28,140785,2759],{"class":46},[28,140787,358],{"class":42},[28,140789,2679],{"class":93},[28,140791,140792,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,140793,115],{"class":114},[28,140795,94],{"class":93},[28,140797,311],{"class":89},[28,140799,94],{"class":93},[28,140801,157],{"class":120},[28,140803,385],{"class":93},[28,140805,34260],{"class":120},[28,140807,94],{"class":93},[28,140809,358],{"class":42},[28,140811,2759],{"class":46},[28,140813,358],{"class":42},[28,140815,2679],{"class":93},[14,140817,10950],{},[177,140819,140820,140823,140826,140829],{},[180,140821,140822],{},"what the original string looks like",[180,140824,140825],{},"which separator works",[180,140827,140828],{},"how many items were created",[180,140830,140831],{},"that the result is a list",[172,140833,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,140835,4953,140837,1323,140839,2262],{"id":140836},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[25,140838,60312],{},[25,140840,139409],{},[14,140842,140843,140845],{},[25,140844,60312],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,140847,140848,140850],{},[25,140849,139409],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1109,140852,12487,140854,124449],{"id":140853},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[25,140855,60312],{},[14,140857,140858,140859,56258],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[25,140860,60312],{},[1109,140862,4915,140864,39753],{"id":140863},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[25,140865,139186],{},[14,140867,140868],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1109,140870,140872],{"id":140871},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,140874,28851,140875,140877],{},[25,140876,60312],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[172,140879,1662],{"id":1661},[177,140881,140882,140886,140892,140898,140902],{},[180,140883,140884],{},[381,140885,129536],{"href":128614},[180,140887,140888],{},[381,140889,1685,140890,1689],{"href":140148},[25,140891,133013],{},[180,140893,140894],{},[381,140895,1685,140896,1689],{"href":136501},[25,140897,41446],{},[180,140899,140900],{},[381,140901,384],{"href":383},[180,140903,140904],{},[381,140905,69038],{"href":69037},[1699,140907,140908],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":140910},[140911,140912,140914,140915,140920,140921,140923,140925,140930,140932,140935,140944],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":139016,"depth":53,"text":140913},"What split() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":139264,"depth":53,"text":140916,"children":140917},"Using split() with no separator",[140918],{"id":139404,"depth":70,"text":140919},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139567,"depth":53,"text":139568},{"id":139777,"depth":53,"text":140922},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139978,"depth":53,"text":140924},"What split() returns",{"id":140248,"depth":53,"text":140249,"children":140926},[140927,140928,140929],{"id":140255,"depth":70,"text":140256},{"id":140296,"depth":70,"text":140297},{"id":140350,"depth":70,"text":140351},{"id":140415,"depth":53,"text":140931},"When to use split()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":140933},[140934],{"id":1516,"depth":70,"text":1517},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":140936},[140937,140939,140941,140943],{"id":140836,"depth":70,"text":140938},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140853,"depth":70,"text":140940},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140863,"depth":70,"text":140942},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140871,"depth":70,"text":140872},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138925,"description":140945},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140952,"title":140953,"body":140954,"description":142897,"extension":1730,"meta":142898,"navigation":107,"path":142899,"seo":142900,"stem":142901,"__hash__":142902},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140955,"toc":142856},[140956,140961,140966,140973,141046,141051,141056,141061,141077,141079,141149,141151,141153,141173,141175,141220,141225,141227,141325,141330,141334,141339,141343,141346,141388,141392,141395,141440,141444,141447,141497,141501,141506,141558,141560,141565,141576,141581,141661,141663,141675,141684,141691,141706,141708,141823,141829,141833,141836,141841,141983,141986,141993,141995,141999,142007,142076,142082,142131,142136,142141,142143,142163,142165,142231,142233,142237,142240,142244,142285,142287,142320,142325,142328,142355,142357,142400,142407,142412,142422,142488,142492,142500,142505,142556,142560,142563,142565,142574,142576,142626,142628,142735,142737,142742,142749,142755,142758,142789,142794,142796,142803,142811,142820,142823,142825,142853],[10,140957,123122,140959,11102],{"id":140958},"python-string-startswith-method",[25,140960,127299],{},[14,140962,123127,140963,140965],{},[25,140964,127299],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,140967,125997,140968,474,140970,140972],{},[25,140969,777],{},[25,140971,3441],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[18,140974,140976],{"className":20,"code":140975,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[25,140977,140978,140991,140995,141020],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,140979,140980,140982,140984,140986,140989],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,140981,84],{"class":34},[28,140983,39],{"class":38},[28,140985,43],{"class":42},[28,140987,140988],{"class":46},"Python Beginner Help",[28,140990,50],{"class":42},[28,140992,140993],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,140994,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,140996,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,140998,115],{"class":114},[28,141000,94],{"class":93},[28,141002,157],{"class":120},[28,141004,385],{"class":93},[28,141006,141007],{"class":120},"startswith",[28,141009,94],{"class":93},[28,141011,234],{"class":42},[28,141013,892],{"class":46},[28,141015,234],{"class":42},[28,141017,5136],{"class":93},[28,141019,43643],{"class":1006},[28,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141039,141041,141043],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,141023,115],{"class":114},[28,141025,94],{"class":93},[28,141027,157],{"class":120},[28,141029,385],{"class":93},[28,141031,141007],{"class":120},[28,141033,94],{"class":93},[28,141035,234],{"class":42},[28,141037,141038],{"class":46},"Beginner",[28,141040,234],{"class":42},[28,141042,5136],{"class":93},[28,141044,141045],{"class":1006}," # False\n",[14,141047,1631,141048,141050],{},[25,141049,127299],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[172,141052,3445,141054,3448],{"id":141053},"what-startswith-does",[25,141055,127299],{},[14,141057,141058,141060],{},[25,141059,127299],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[177,141062,141063,141066,141072,141074],{},[180,141064,141065],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[180,141067,4921,141068,474,141070],{},[25,141069,777],{},[25,141071,3441],{},[180,141073,123265],{},[180,141075,141076],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141078,924],{},[18,141080,141082],{"className":20,"code":141081,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[25,141083,141084,141096,141100,141125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141085,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141087,35],{"class":34},[28,141089,39],{"class":38},[28,141091,43],{"class":42},[28,141093,892],{"class":46},[28,141095,50],{"class":42},[28,141097,141098],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141099,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,141101,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141119,141121,141123],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,141103,115],{"class":114},[28,141105,94],{"class":93},[28,141107,121],{"class":120},[28,141109,385],{"class":93},[28,141111,141007],{"class":120},[28,141113,94],{"class":93},[28,141115,234],{"class":42},[28,141117,141118],{"class":46},"Py",[28,141120,234],{"class":42},[28,141122,5136],{"class":93},[28,141124,43643],{"class":1006},[28,141126,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,141128,115],{"class":114},[28,141130,94],{"class":93},[28,141132,121],{"class":120},[28,141134,385],{"class":93},[28,141136,141007],{"class":120},[28,141138,94],{"class":93},[28,141140,234],{"class":42},[28,141142,128377],{"class":46},[28,141144,234],{"class":42},[28,141146,5136],{"class":93},[28,141148,43660],{"class":1006},[172,141150,1927],{"id":1926},[14,141152,42175],{},[18,141154,141156],{"className":20,"code":141155,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[25,141157,141158],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141171],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141161,60953],{"class":34},[28,141163,385],{"class":93},[28,141165,141007],{"class":120},[28,141167,94],{"class":93},[28,141169,141170],{"class":120},"prefix",[28,141172,101],{"class":93},[14,141174,30554],{},[18,141176,141178],{"className":20,"code":141177,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[25,141179,141180,141198],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141181,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141183,60953],{"class":34},[28,141185,385],{"class":93},[28,141187,141007],{"class":120},[28,141189,94],{"class":93},[28,141191,141170],{"class":120},[28,141193,2759],{"class":93},[28,141195,35841],{"class":120},[28,141197,101],{"class":93},[28,141199,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141201,60953],{"class":34},[28,141203,385],{"class":93},[28,141205,141007],{"class":120},[28,141207,94],{"class":93},[28,141209,141170],{"class":120},[28,141211,2759],{"class":93},[28,141213,35841],{"class":120},[28,141215,2759],{"class":93},[28,141217,64819],{"class":120},[28,141219,101],{"class":93},[14,141221,20559,141222,141224],{},[25,141223,141170],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141226,924],{},[18,141228,141230],{"className":20,"code":141229,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[25,141231,141232,141244,141248,141273,141297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141233,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141235,84],{"class":34},[28,141237,39],{"class":38},[28,141239,43],{"class":42},[28,141241,60187],{"class":46},[28,141243,50],{"class":42},[28,141245,141246],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141247,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,141249,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,141251,115],{"class":114},[28,141253,94],{"class":93},[28,141255,157],{"class":120},[28,141257,385],{"class":93},[28,141259,141007],{"class":120},[28,141261,94],{"class":93},[28,141263,234],{"class":42},[28,141265,238],{"class":46},[28,141267,234],{"class":42},[28,141269,5136],{"class":93},[28,141271,141272],{"class":1006},"      # True\n",[28,141274,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,141276,115],{"class":114},[28,141278,94],{"class":93},[28,141280,157],{"class":120},[28,141282,385],{"class":93},[28,141284,141007],{"class":120},[28,141286,94],{"class":93},[28,141288,234],{"class":42},[28,141290,60372],{"class":46},[28,141292,234],{"class":42},[28,141294,5136],{"class":93},[28,141296,20988],{"class":1006},[28,141298,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,141300,115],{"class":114},[28,141302,94],{"class":93},[28,141304,157],{"class":120},[28,141306,385],{"class":93},[28,141308,141007],{"class":120},[28,141310,94],{"class":93},[28,141312,234],{"class":42},[28,141314,60372],{"class":46},[28,141316,234],{"class":42},[28,141318,2759],{"class":93},[28,141320,37435],{"class":97},[28,141322,5136],{"class":93},[28,141324,43643],{"class":1006},[14,141326,141327,141328,385],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[381,141329,384],{"href":383},[172,141331,141333],{"id":141332},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141335,141336,141338],{},[25,141337,127299],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1109,141340,141341],{"id":141170},[25,141342,141170],{},[14,141344,141345],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[18,141347,141349],{"className":20,"code":141348,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[25,141350,141351,141363],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141352,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141354,84],{"class":34},[28,141356,39],{"class":38},[28,141358,43],{"class":42},[28,141360,3858],{"class":46},[28,141362,50],{"class":42},[28,141364,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141382,141384,141386],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141366,115],{"class":114},[28,141368,94],{"class":93},[28,141370,157],{"class":120},[28,141372,385],{"class":93},[28,141374,141007],{"class":120},[28,141376,94],{"class":93},[28,141378,234],{"class":42},[28,141380,141381],{"class":46},"ban",[28,141383,234],{"class":42},[28,141385,5136],{"class":93},[28,141387,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,141389,141390],{"id":35862},[25,141391,35862],{},[14,141393,141394],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[18,141396,141398],{"className":20,"code":141397,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[25,141399,141400,141412],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141401,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141403,84],{"class":34},[28,141405,39],{"class":38},[28,141407,43],{"class":42},[28,141409,60187],{"class":46},[28,141411,50],{"class":42},[28,141413,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141415,115],{"class":114},[28,141417,94],{"class":93},[28,141419,157],{"class":120},[28,141421,385],{"class":93},[28,141423,141007],{"class":120},[28,141425,94],{"class":93},[28,141427,234],{"class":42},[28,141429,60372],{"class":46},[28,141431,234],{"class":42},[28,141433,2759],{"class":93},[28,141435,37435],{"class":97},[28,141437,5136],{"class":93},[28,141439,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,141441,141442],{"id":52440},[25,141443,52440],{},[14,141445,141446],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[18,141448,141450],{"className":20,"code":141449,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[25,141451,141452,141464],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141453,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141455,84],{"class":34},[28,141457,39],{"class":38},[28,141459,43],{"class":42},[28,141461,60187],{"class":46},[28,141463,50],{"class":42},[28,141465,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141467,115],{"class":114},[28,141469,94],{"class":93},[28,141471,157],{"class":120},[28,141473,385],{"class":93},[28,141475,141007],{"class":120},[28,141477,94],{"class":93},[28,141479,234],{"class":42},[28,141481,141482],{"class":46},"wor",[28,141484,234],{"class":42},[28,141486,2759],{"class":93},[28,141488,37435],{"class":97},[28,141490,2759],{"class":93},[28,141492,53916],{"class":97},[28,141494,5136],{"class":93},[28,141496,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,141498,141500],{"id":141499},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141502,141503,141505],{},[25,141504,141170],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[18,141507,141509],{"className":20,"code":141508,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[25,141510,141511,141524],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141512,141513,141515,141517,141519,141522],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141514,126014],{"class":34},[28,141516,39],{"class":38},[28,141518,43],{"class":42},[28,141520,141521],{"class":46},"img_001.png",[28,141523,50],{"class":42},[28,141525,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141543,141545,141547,141549,141552,141554,141556],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141527,115],{"class":114},[28,141529,94],{"class":93},[28,141531,126032],{"class":120},[28,141533,385],{"class":93},[28,141535,141007],{"class":120},[28,141537,5286],{"class":93},[28,141539,234],{"class":42},[28,141541,141542],{"class":46},"img_",[28,141544,234],{"class":42},[28,141546,2759],{"class":93},[28,141548,43],{"class":42},[28,141550,141551],{"class":46},"photo_",[28,141553,234],{"class":42},[28,141555,50870],{"class":93},[28,141557,3431],{"class":1006},[172,141559,17205],{"id":17204},[14,141561,141562,141564],{},[25,141563,127299],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[177,141566,141567,141572],{},[180,141568,141569,141571],{},[25,141570,777],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[180,141573,141574,126616],{},[25,141575,3441],{},[14,141577,141578,141579,6948],{},"This makes it useful in ",[25,141580,6773],{},[18,141582,141584],{"className":20,"code":141583,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[25,141585,141586,141600,141604,141625,141640,141646],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141587,141588,141591,141593,141595,141598],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141589,141590],{"class":34},"command ",[28,141592,39],{"class":38},[28,141594,43],{"class":42},[28,141596,141597],{"class":46},"\u002Fhelp",[28,141599,50],{"class":42},[28,141601,141602],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141603,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,141605,141606,141608,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,141607,6773],{"class":3644},[28,141609,141610],{"class":34}," command",[28,141612,385],{"class":93},[28,141614,141007],{"class":120},[28,141616,94],{"class":93},[28,141618,234],{"class":42},[28,141620,126823],{"class":46},[28,141622,234],{"class":42},[28,141624,8118],{"class":93},[28,141626,141627,141629,141631,141633,141636,141638],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,141628,7844],{"class":114},[28,141630,94],{"class":93},[28,141632,234],{"class":42},[28,141634,141635],{"class":46},"This looks like a command.",[28,141637,234],{"class":42},[28,141639,101],{"class":93},[28,141641,141642,141644],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,141643,27223],{"class":3644},[28,141645,6170],{"class":93},[28,141647,141648,141650,141652,141654,141657,141659],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,141649,7844],{"class":114},[28,141651,94],{"class":93},[28,141653,234],{"class":42},[28,141655,141656],{"class":46},"This is normal text.",[28,141658,234],{"class":42},[28,141660,101],{"class":93},[14,141662,336],{},[18,141664,141666],{"className":20,"code":141665,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"This looks like a command.\n",[25,141667,141668],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141669,141670,141673],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141671,141672],{"class":34},"This looks like a command",[28,141674,122155],{"class":93},[172,141676,8194,141678,8482,141680,1323,141682],{"id":141677},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[25,141679,127299],{},[25,141681,35862],{},[25,141683,52440],{},[14,141685,679,141686,1323,141688,141690],{},[25,141687,35862],{},[25,141689,52440],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[177,141692,141693,141698,141703],{},[180,141694,141695,141697],{},[25,141696,35862],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[180,141699,141700,141702],{},[25,141701,52440],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[180,141704,141705],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141707,924],{},[18,141709,141711],{"className":20,"code":141710,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[25,141712,141713,141725,141729,141758,141791],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141714,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141716,84],{"class":34},[28,141718,39],{"class":38},[28,141720,43],{"class":42},[28,141722,139210],{"class":46},[28,141724,50],{"class":42},[28,141726,141727],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141728,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,141730,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,141732,115],{"class":114},[28,141734,94],{"class":93},[28,141736,157],{"class":120},[28,141738,385],{"class":93},[28,141740,141007],{"class":120},[28,141742,94],{"class":93},[28,141744,234],{"class":42},[28,141746,79050],{"class":46},[28,141748,234],{"class":42},[28,141750,2759],{"class":93},[28,141752,2226],{"class":97},[28,141754,5136],{"class":93},[28,141756,141757],{"class":1006},"        # True\n",[28,141759,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141787,141789],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,141761,115],{"class":114},[28,141763,94],{"class":93},[28,141765,157],{"class":120},[28,141767,385],{"class":93},[28,141769,141007],{"class":120},[28,141771,94],{"class":93},[28,141773,234],{"class":42},[28,141775,133817],{"class":46},[28,141777,234],{"class":42},[28,141779,2759],{"class":93},[28,141781,6136],{"class":97},[28,141783,2759],{"class":93},[28,141785,141786],{"class":97}," 13",[28,141788,5136],{"class":93},[28,141790,3431],{"class":1006},[28,141792,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,141794,115],{"class":114},[28,141796,94],{"class":93},[28,141798,157],{"class":120},[28,141800,385],{"class":93},[28,141802,141007],{"class":120},[28,141804,94],{"class":93},[28,141806,234],{"class":42},[28,141808,133817],{"class":46},[28,141810,234],{"class":42},[28,141812,2759],{"class":93},[28,141814,6136],{"class":97},[28,141816,2759],{"class":93},[28,141818,30733],{"class":97},[28,141820,5136],{"class":93},[28,141822,4544],{"class":1006},[14,141824,141825,141826,141828],{},"In the last example, the ",[25,141827,52440],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[172,141830,141832],{"id":141831},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141834,141835],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,141837,141838,141839,49129],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[25,141840,40629],{},[18,141842,141844],{"className":20,"code":141843,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[25,141845,141846,141860,141874,141888,141892,141916,141920,141941,141962],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,141847,141848,141851,141853,141855,141858],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,141849,141850],{"class":34},"filename1 ",[28,141852,39],{"class":38},[28,141854,43],{"class":42},[28,141856,141857],{"class":46},"img_101.jpg",[28,141859,50],{"class":42},[28,141861,141862,141865,141867,141869,141872],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,141863,141864],{"class":34},"filename2 ",[28,141866,39],{"class":38},[28,141868,43],{"class":42},[28,141870,141871],{"class":46},"photo_202.jpg",[28,141873,50],{"class":42},[28,141875,141876,141879,141881,141883,141886],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,141877,141878],{"class":34},"filename3 ",[28,141880,39],{"class":38},[28,141882,43],{"class":42},[28,141884,141885],{"class":46},"doc_303.jpg",[28,141887,50],{"class":42},[28,141889,141890],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,141891,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,141893,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,141895,127226],{"class":34},[28,141897,39],{"class":38},[28,141899,9015],{"class":93},[28,141901,234],{"class":42},[28,141903,141542],{"class":46},[28,141905,234],{"class":42},[28,141907,2759],{"class":93},[28,141909,43],{"class":42},[28,141911,141551],{"class":46},[28,141913,234],{"class":42},[28,141915,101],{"class":93},[28,141917,141918],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,141919,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,141921,141922,141924,141926,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,141923,115],{"class":114},[28,141925,94],{"class":93},[28,141927,141928],{"class":120},"filename1",[28,141930,385],{"class":93},[28,141932,141007],{"class":120},[28,141934,94],{"class":93},[28,141936,127278],{"class":120},[28,141938,5136],{"class":93},[28,141940,3431],{"class":1006},[28,141942,141943,141945,141947,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,141944,115],{"class":114},[28,141946,94],{"class":93},[28,141948,141949],{"class":120},"filename2",[28,141951,385],{"class":93},[28,141953,141007],{"class":120},[28,141955,94],{"class":93},[28,141957,127278],{"class":120},[28,141959,5136],{"class":93},[28,141961,3431],{"class":1006},[28,141963,141964,141966,141968,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,141965,115],{"class":114},[28,141967,94],{"class":93},[28,141969,141970],{"class":120},"filename3",[28,141972,385],{"class":93},[28,141974,141007],{"class":120},[28,141976,94],{"class":93},[28,141978,127278],{"class":120},[28,141980,5136],{"class":93},[28,141982,4544],{"class":1006},[14,141984,141985],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,141987,74551,141988,141992],{},[381,141989,1685,141990,1689],{"href":129525},[25,141991,125989],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[172,141994,123769],{"id":123768},[14,141996,141997,123580],{},[25,141998,127299],{},[14,142000,126976,142001,1323,142004,126983],{},[25,142002,142003],{},"\"Python\"",[25,142005,142006],{},"\"python\"",[18,142008,142010],{"className":20,"code":142009,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[25,142011,142012,142024,142028,142052],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142013,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142015,84],{"class":34},[28,142017,39],{"class":38},[28,142019,43],{"class":42},[28,142021,892],{"class":46},[28,142023,50],{"class":42},[28,142025,142026],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142027,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,142029,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142031,115],{"class":114},[28,142033,94],{"class":93},[28,142035,157],{"class":120},[28,142037,385],{"class":93},[28,142039,141007],{"class":120},[28,142041,94],{"class":93},[28,142043,234],{"class":42},[28,142045,141118],{"class":46},[28,142047,234],{"class":42},[28,142049,5136],{"class":93},[28,142051,3431],{"class":1006},[28,142053,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,142055,115],{"class":114},[28,142057,94],{"class":93},[28,142059,157],{"class":120},[28,142061,385],{"class":93},[28,142063,141007],{"class":120},[28,142065,94],{"class":93},[28,142067,234],{"class":42},[28,142069,128377],{"class":46},[28,142071,234],{"class":42},[28,142073,5136],{"class":93},[28,142075,4544],{"class":1006},[14,142077,127068,142078,385],{},[381,142079,142080],{"href":123849},[25,142081,123852],{},[18,142083,142085],{"className":20,"code":142084,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[25,142086,142087,142099,142103],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142088,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142090,84],{"class":34},[28,142092,39],{"class":38},[28,142094,43],{"class":42},[28,142096,892],{"class":46},[28,142098,50],{"class":42},[28,142100,142101],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142102,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,142104,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142106,115],{"class":114},[28,142108,94],{"class":93},[28,142110,157],{"class":120},[28,142112,385],{"class":93},[28,142114,8417],{"class":120},[28,142116,8414],{"class":93},[28,142118,141007],{"class":120},[28,142120,94],{"class":93},[28,142122,234],{"class":42},[28,142124,128377],{"class":46},[28,142126,234],{"class":42},[28,142128,5136],{"class":93},[28,142130,3431],{"class":1006},[172,142132,4734,142134],{"id":142133},"when-to-use-startswith",[25,142135,127299],{},[14,142137,142138,142140],{},[25,142139,127299],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142142,9152],{},[177,142144,142145,142148,142151,142160],{},[180,142146,142147],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[180,142149,142150],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[180,142152,142153,142154,474,142157],{},"Validating text formats like ",[25,142155,142156],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[25,142158,142159],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[180,142161,142162],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142164,924],{},[18,142166,142168],{"className":20,"code":142167,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[25,142169,142170,142183,142187,142216],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142171,142172,142174,142176,142178,142181],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142173,126794],{"class":34},[28,142175,39],{"class":38},[28,142177,43],{"class":42},[28,142179,142180],{"class":46},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[28,142182,50],{"class":42},[28,142184,142185],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142186,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,142188,142189,142191,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142190,6773],{"class":3644},[28,142192,142193],{"class":34}," url",[28,142195,385],{"class":93},[28,142197,141007],{"class":120},[28,142199,5286],{"class":93},[28,142201,234],{"class":42},[28,142203,142156],{"class":46},[28,142205,234],{"class":42},[28,142207,2759],{"class":93},[28,142209,43],{"class":42},[28,142211,142159],{"class":46},[28,142213,234],{"class":42},[28,142215,69342],{"class":93},[28,142217,142218,142220,142222,142224,142227,142229],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,142219,7844],{"class":114},[28,142221,94],{"class":93},[28,142223,234],{"class":42},[28,142225,142226],{"class":46},"This looks like a web URL.",[28,142228,234],{"class":42},[28,142230,101],{"class":93},[172,142232,1104],{"id":1103},[14,142234,22882,142235,385],{},[25,142236,127299],{},[1109,142238,138371],{"id":142239},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142241,142242,123580],{},[25,142243,127299],{},[18,142245,142247],{"className":20,"code":142246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[25,142248,142249,142261],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142250,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142252,84],{"class":34},[28,142254,39],{"class":38},[28,142256,43],{"class":42},[28,142258,892],{"class":46},[28,142260,50],{"class":42},[28,142262,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142264,115],{"class":114},[28,142266,94],{"class":93},[28,142268,157],{"class":120},[28,142270,385],{"class":93},[28,142272,141007],{"class":120},[28,142274,94],{"class":93},[28,142276,234],{"class":42},[28,142278,22],{"class":46},[28,142280,234],{"class":42},[28,142282,5136],{"class":93},[28,142284,4544],{"class":1006},[14,142286,39054],{},[18,142288,142290],{"className":20,"code":142289,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[25,142291,142292],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142293,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142295,115],{"class":114},[28,142297,94],{"class":93},[28,142299,157],{"class":120},[28,142301,385],{"class":93},[28,142303,8417],{"class":120},[28,142305,8414],{"class":93},[28,142307,141007],{"class":120},[28,142309,94],{"class":93},[28,142311,234],{"class":42},[28,142313,22],{"class":46},[28,142315,234],{"class":42},[28,142317,5136],{"class":93},[28,142319,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,142321,29440,142323,136853],{"id":142322},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[25,142324,127299],{},[14,142326,142327],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[18,142329,142331],{"className":20,"code":142330,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[25,142332,142333,142341,142345,142350],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142334,142335,142337,142339],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142336,2216],{"class":34},[28,142338,39],{"class":38},[28,142340,298],{"class":97},[28,142342,142343],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142344,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,142346,142347],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142348,142349],{"class":1006},"# This will cause an error:\n",[28,142351,142352],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,142353,142354],{"class":1006},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142356,39054],{},[18,142358,142360],{"className":20,"code":142359,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[25,142361,142362,142376],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142363,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142365,2216],{"class":34},[28,142367,39],{"class":38},[28,142369,90],{"class":89},[28,142371,94],{"class":93},[28,142373,98],{"class":97},[28,142375,101],{"class":93},[28,142377,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142379,115],{"class":114},[28,142381,94],{"class":93},[28,142383,2242],{"class":120},[28,142385,385],{"class":93},[28,142387,141007],{"class":120},[28,142389,94],{"class":93},[28,142391,234],{"class":42},[28,142393,2756],{"class":46},[28,142395,234],{"class":42},[28,142397,5136],{"class":93},[28,142399,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,142401,36995,142403,8482,142405],{"id":142402},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[25,142404,127299],{},[25,142406,3651],{},[14,142408,142409,142411],{},[25,142410,127299],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142413,142414,142415,142417,142418,385],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[25,142416,3651],{}," or methods like ",[381,142419,142420],{"href":124132},[25,142421,124117],{},[18,142423,142425],{"className":20,"code":142424,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[25,142426,142427,142439,142443,142467],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142428,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142430,84],{"class":34},[28,142432,39],{"class":38},[28,142434,43],{"class":42},[28,142436,60187],{"class":46},[28,142438,50],{"class":42},[28,142440,142441],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142442,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,142444,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142446,115],{"class":114},[28,142448,94],{"class":93},[28,142450,157],{"class":120},[28,142452,385],{"class":93},[28,142454,141007],{"class":120},[28,142456,94],{"class":93},[28,142458,234],{"class":42},[28,142460,60372],{"class":46},[28,142462,234],{"class":42},[28,142464,5136],{"class":93},[28,142466,4544],{"class":1006},[28,142468,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,142470,115],{"class":114},[28,142472,94],{"class":93},[28,142474,234],{"class":42},[28,142476,60372],{"class":46},[28,142478,234],{"class":42},[28,142480,20961],{"class":3644},[28,142482,42632],{"class":120},[28,142484,3428],{"class":93},[28,142486,142487],{"class":1006},"           # True\n",[14,142489,135405,142490,385],{},[381,142491,126967],{"href":123377},[1109,142493,4476,142495,1323,142497,142499],{"id":142494},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[25,142496,35862],{},[25,142498,52440],{}," use index positions",[14,142501,142502,142503,385],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[25,142504,1888],{},[18,142506,142508],{"className":20,"code":142507,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[25,142509,142510,142523,142527],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142511,142512,142514,142516,142518,142521],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142513,84],{"class":34},[28,142515,39],{"class":38},[28,142517,43],{"class":42},[28,142519,142520],{"class":46},"abcdef",[28,142522,50],{"class":42},[28,142524,142525],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142526,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,142528,142529,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142530,115],{"class":114},[28,142532,94],{"class":93},[28,142534,157],{"class":120},[28,142536,385],{"class":93},[28,142538,141007],{"class":120},[28,142540,94],{"class":93},[28,142542,234],{"class":42},[28,142544,142545],{"class":46},"cd",[28,142547,234],{"class":42},[28,142549,2759],{"class":93},[28,142551,2762],{"class":97},[28,142553,5136],{"class":93},[28,142555,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,142557,142559],{"id":142558},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142561,142562],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142564,16429],{},[18,142566,142568],{"className":20,"code":142567,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[25,142569,142570],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142571,142572],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142573,142567],{"class":1006},[14,142575,16441],{},[18,142577,142579],{"className":20,"code":142578,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[25,142580,142581,142593],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142582,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142584,84],{"class":34},[28,142586,39],{"class":38},[28,142588,43],{"class":42},[28,142590,892],{"class":46},[28,142592,50],{"class":42},[28,142594,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142620,142622,142624],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142596,115],{"class":114},[28,142598,94],{"class":93},[28,142600,157],{"class":120},[28,142602,385],{"class":93},[28,142604,141007],{"class":120},[28,142606,5286],{"class":93},[28,142608,234],{"class":42},[28,142610,141118],{"class":46},[28,142612,234],{"class":42},[28,142614,2759],{"class":93},[28,142616,43],{"class":42},[28,142618,142619],{"class":46},"Ja",[28,142621,234],{"class":42},[28,142623,50870],{"class":93},[28,142625,3431],{"class":1006},[14,142627,31873],{},[18,142629,142631],{"className":20,"code":142630,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[25,142632,142633,142643,142657,142679,142705],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142634,142635,142637,142639,142641],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142636,115],{"class":114},[28,142638,94],{"class":93},[28,142640,157],{"class":120},[28,142642,101],{"class":93},[28,142644,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142646,115],{"class":114},[28,142648,94],{"class":93},[28,142650,311],{"class":89},[28,142652,94],{"class":93},[28,142654,157],{"class":120},[28,142656,318],{"class":93},[28,142658,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142660,115],{"class":114},[28,142662,94],{"class":93},[28,142664,157],{"class":120},[28,142666,385],{"class":93},[28,142668,141007],{"class":120},[28,142670,94],{"class":93},[28,142672,234],{"class":42},[28,142674,141118],{"class":46},[28,142676,234],{"class":42},[28,142678,318],{"class":93},[28,142680,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,142682,115],{"class":114},[28,142684,94],{"class":93},[28,142686,157],{"class":120},[28,142688,385],{"class":93},[28,142690,8417],{"class":120},[28,142692,8414],{"class":93},[28,142694,141007],{"class":120},[28,142696,94],{"class":93},[28,142698,234],{"class":42},[28,142700,128377],{"class":46},[28,142702,234],{"class":42},[28,142704,318],{"class":93},[28,142706,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,142708,115],{"class":114},[28,142710,94],{"class":93},[28,142712,157],{"class":120},[28,142714,385],{"class":93},[28,142716,141007],{"class":120},[28,142718,5286],{"class":93},[28,142720,234],{"class":42},[28,142722,141118],{"class":46},[28,142724,234],{"class":42},[28,142726,2759],{"class":93},[28,142728,43],{"class":42},[28,142730,142619],{"class":46},[28,142732,234],{"class":42},[28,142734,2679],{"class":93},[172,142736,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,142738,12487,142740,127777],{"id":142739},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[25,142741,127299],{},[14,142743,142744,142745,474,142747,385],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[25,142746,777],{},[25,142748,3441],{},[1109,142750,4943,142752,142754],{"id":142751},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[25,142753,127299],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142756,142757],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[18,142759,142761],{"className":20,"code":142760,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[25,142762,142763],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142764,142765,142767,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142766,157],{"class":34},[28,142768,385],{"class":93},[28,142770,141007],{"class":120},[28,142772,5286],{"class":93},[28,142774,234],{"class":42},[28,142776,381],{"class":46},[28,142778,234],{"class":42},[28,142780,2759],{"class":93},[28,142782,43],{"class":42},[28,142784,4533],{"class":46},[28,142786,234],{"class":42},[28,142788,318],{"class":93},[1109,142790,14689,142792,124458],{"id":142791},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[25,142793,127299],{},[14,142795,129460],{},[1109,142797,4953,142799,1323,142801,2262],{"id":142798},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[25,142800,127299],{},[25,142802,3651],{},[14,142804,142805,142807,142808,142810],{},[25,142806,127299],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[25,142809,3651],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1109,142812,28118,142814,1323,142816,8482,142818,2262],{"id":142813},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[25,142815,35862],{},[25,142817,52440],{},[25,142819,127299],{},[14,142821,142822],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[172,142824,1662],{"id":1661},[177,142826,142827,142833,142839,142845,142849],{},[180,142828,142829],{},[381,142830,1685,142831,1689],{"href":129525},[25,142832,125989],{},[180,142834,142835],{},[381,142836,1685,142837,1689],{"href":124132},[25,142838,124117],{},[180,142840,142841],{},[381,142842,1685,142843,1689],{"href":123849},[25,142844,123852],{},[180,142846,142847],{},[381,142848,124521],{"href":123377},[180,142850,142851],{},[381,142852,384],{"href":383},[1699,142854,142855],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":142857},[142858,142860,142861,142867,142868,142870,142871,142872,142874,142884,142896],{"id":141053,"depth":53,"text":142859},"What startswith() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":141332,"depth":53,"text":141333,"children":142862},[142863,142864,142865,142866],{"id":141170,"depth":70,"text":141170},{"id":35862,"depth":70,"text":35862},{"id":52440,"depth":70,"text":52440},{"id":141499,"depth":70,"text":141500},{"id":17204,"depth":53,"text":17205},{"id":141677,"depth":53,"text":142869},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141831,"depth":53,"text":141832},{"id":123768,"depth":53,"text":123769},{"id":142133,"depth":53,"text":142873},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":142875},[142876,142877,142879,142881,142883],{"id":142239,"depth":70,"text":138371},{"id":142322,"depth":70,"text":142878},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142402,"depth":70,"text":142880},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142494,"depth":70,"text":142882},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142558,"depth":70,"text":142559},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":142885},[142886,142888,142890,142892,142894],{"id":142739,"depth":70,"text":142887},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142751,"depth":70,"text":142889},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142791,"depth":70,"text":142891},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142798,"depth":70,"text":142893},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142813,"depth":70,"text":142895},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140953,"description":142897},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142904,"title":142905,"body":142906,"description":144360,"extension":1730,"meta":144361,"navigation":107,"path":144362,"seo":144363,"stem":144364,"__hash__":144365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142907,"toc":144330},[142908,142913,142918,142921,142923,142967,142969,142977,142982,142987,142992,142994,143012,143014,143060,143062,143076,143085,143089,143091,143093,143105,143110,143113,143145,143147,143156,143161,143164,143205,143207,143215,143217,143230,143236,143240,143243,143259,143261,143310,143312,143321,143324,143383,143385,143394,143401,143404,143457,143459,143483,143490,143496,143500,143506,143509,143520,143522,143562,143564,143572,143574,143614,143616,143625,143627,143645,143648,143655,143666,143669,143686,143688,143765,143767,143798,143801,143803,143806,143832,143834,143874,143876,143885,143895,143903,143911,143916,143921,143923,143937,143939,143990,143992,144001,144011,144013,144015,144037,144040,144119,144121,144157,144160,144235,144240,144242,144248,144253,144258,144261,144267,144270,144277,144285,144289,144297,144299,144327],[10,142909,123122,142911,11102],{"id":142910},"python-string-strip-method",[25,142912,41446],{},[14,142914,32108,142915,142917],{},[25,142916,41446],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,142919,142920],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[172,142922,3373],{"id":3372},[18,142924,142926],{"className":20,"code":142925,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[25,142927,142928,142941,142956],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142929,142930,142932,142934,142936,142939],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142931,84],{"class":34},[28,142933,39],{"class":38},[28,142935,43],{"class":42},[28,142937,142938],{"class":46},"  hello  ",[28,142940,50],{"class":42},[28,142942,142943,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,142944,142945],{"class":34},"clean_text ",[28,142947,39],{"class":38},[28,142949,42632],{"class":34},[28,142951,385],{"class":93},[28,142953,8411],{"class":120},[28,142955,8420],{"class":93},[28,142957,142958,142960,142962,142965],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,142959,115],{"class":114},[28,142961,94],{"class":93},[28,142963,142964],{"class":120},"clean_text",[28,142966,101],{"class":93},[14,142968,336],{},[18,142970,142971],{"className":20,"code":138246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,142972,142973],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,142974,142975],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,142976,138246],{"class":34},[14,142978,1631,142979,142981],{},[25,142980,41446],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[172,142983,3445,142985,3448],{"id":142984},"what-strip-does",[25,142986,41446],{},[14,142988,142989,142991],{},[25,142990,41446],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,142993,12836],{},[177,142995,142996,143000,143003,143006,143009],{},[180,142997,142998,131281],{},[25,142999,41446],{},[180,143001,143002],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[180,143004,143005],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[180,143007,143008],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[180,143010,143011],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143013,924],{},[18,143015,143017],{"className":20,"code":143016,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[25,143018,143019,143032,143036,143050],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143020,143021,143023,143025,143027,143030],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143022,84],{"class":34},[28,143024,39],{"class":38},[28,143026,43],{"class":42},[28,143028,143029],{"class":46},"  hello world  ",[28,143031,50],{"class":42},[28,143033,143034],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143035,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,143037,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143039,115],{"class":114},[28,143041,94],{"class":93},[28,143043,157],{"class":120},[28,143045,385],{"class":93},[28,143047,8411],{"class":120},[28,143049,6970],{"class":93},[28,143051,143052,143054,143056,143058],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,143053,115],{"class":114},[28,143055,94],{"class":93},[28,143057,157],{"class":120},[28,143059,101],{"class":93},[14,143061,336],{},[18,143063,143065],{"className":20,"code":143064,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[25,143066,143067,143071],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143068,143069],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143070,133947],{"class":34},[28,143072,143073],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143074,143075],{"class":34},"  hello world\n",[14,143077,143078,143079,143081,143082,143084],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[25,143080,41446],{},", but the original ",[25,143083,157],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143086,379,143087,385],{},[381,143088,384],{"href":383},[172,143090,1927],{"id":1926},[14,143092,26276],{},[177,143094,143095,143100],{},[180,143096,143097],{},[25,143098,143099],{},"string.strip()",[180,143101,143102],{},[25,143103,143104],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1109,143106,143108],{"id":143107},"stringstrip",[25,143109,143099],{},[14,143111,143112],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[18,143114,143116],{"className":20,"code":143115,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[25,143117,143118,143131],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143119,143120,143122,143124,143126,143129],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143121,35],{"class":34},[28,143123,39],{"class":38},[28,143125,43],{"class":42},[28,143127,143128],{"class":46},"  Alice  ",[28,143130,50],{"class":42},[28,143132,143133,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143134,115],{"class":114},[28,143136,94],{"class":93},[28,143138,121],{"class":120},[28,143140,385],{"class":93},[28,143142,8411],{"class":120},[28,143144,6970],{"class":93},[14,143146,336],{},[18,143148,143150],{"className":20,"code":143149,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Alice\n",[25,143151,143152],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143153,143154],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143155,143149],{"class":34},[1109,143157,143159],{"id":143158},"stringstripchars",[25,143160,143104],{},[14,143162,143163],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[18,143165,143167],{"className":20,"code":143166,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[25,143168,143169,143182],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143170,143171,143173,143175,143177,143180],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143172,84],{"class":34},[28,143174,39],{"class":38},[28,143176,43],{"class":42},[28,143178,143179],{"class":46},"!!hello??",[28,143181,50],{"class":42},[28,143183,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143201,143203],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143185,115],{"class":114},[28,143187,94],{"class":93},[28,143189,157],{"class":120},[28,143191,385],{"class":93},[28,143193,8411],{"class":120},[28,143195,94],{"class":93},[28,143197,234],{"class":42},[28,143199,143200],{"class":46},"!?",[28,143202,234],{"class":42},[28,143204,318],{"class":93},[14,143206,336],{},[18,143208,143209],{"className":20,"code":138246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,143210,143211],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143212,143213],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143214,138246],{"class":34},[14,143216,83599],{},[177,143218,143219,143224],{},[180,143220,143221,143223],{},[25,143222,134190],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[180,143225,143226,143227,143229],{},"The order of characters in ",[25,143228,134190],{}," does not matter",[172,143231,143233,143234],{"id":143232},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[25,143235,41446],{},[14,143237,30675,143238,385],{},[25,143239,41446],{},[14,143241,143242],{},"It is useful for:",[177,143244,143245,143250,143253,143256],{},[180,143246,143247,143248,3654],{},"Cleaning ",[25,143249,2725],{},[180,143251,143252],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[180,143254,143255],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[180,143257,143258],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143260,48143],{},[18,143262,143264],{"className":20,"code":143263,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[25,143265,143266,143279,143295,143299],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143267,143268,143270,143272,143274,143277],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143269,7736],{"class":34},[28,143271,39],{"class":38},[28,143273,43],{"class":42},[28,143275,143276],{"class":46},"  sam  ",[28,143278,50],{"class":42},[28,143280,143281,143284,143286,143289,143291,143293],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143282,143283],{"class":34},"clean_username ",[28,143285,39],{"class":38},[28,143287,143288],{"class":34}," username",[28,143290,385],{"class":93},[28,143292,8411],{"class":120},[28,143294,8420],{"class":93},[28,143296,143297],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143298,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,143300,143301,143303,143305,143308],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,143302,115],{"class":114},[28,143304,94],{"class":93},[28,143306,143307],{"class":120},"clean_username",[28,143309,101],{"class":93},[14,143311,336],{},[18,143313,143315],{"className":20,"code":143314,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"sam\n",[25,143316,143317],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143318,143319],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143320,143314],{"class":34},[14,143322,143323],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[18,143325,143327],{"className":20,"code":143326,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[25,143328,143329,143342,143346,143368],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143330,143331,143333,143335,143337,143340],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143332,136174],{"class":34},[28,143334,39],{"class":38},[28,143336,43],{"class":42},[28,143338,143339],{"class":46}," yes  ",[28,143341,50],{"class":42},[28,143343,143344],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143345,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,143347,143348,143350,143352,143354,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143349,6773],{"class":3644},[28,143351,136194],{"class":34},[28,143353,385],{"class":93},[28,143355,8411],{"class":120},[28,143357,7141],{"class":93},[28,143359,6185],{"class":38},[28,143361,43],{"class":42},[28,143363,8435],{"class":46},[28,143365,234],{"class":42},[28,143367,6170],{"class":93},[28,143369,143370,143372,143374,143376,143379,143381],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,143371,7844],{"class":114},[28,143373,94],{"class":93},[28,143375,234],{"class":42},[28,143377,143378],{"class":46},"Matched",[28,143380,234],{"class":42},[28,143382,101],{"class":93},[14,143384,336],{},[18,143386,143388],{"className":20,"code":143387,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Matched\n",[25,143389,143390],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143391,143392],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143393,143387],{"class":34},[14,143395,143396,143397,385],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[381,143398,143400],{"href":143399},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143402,143403],{},"Example with file-style text:",[18,143405,143407],{"className":20,"code":143406,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[25,143408,143409,143425,143439],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143410,143411,143414,143416,143418,143421,143423],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143412,143413],{"class":34},"line ",[28,143415,39],{"class":38},[28,143417,43],{"class":42},[28,143419,143420],{"class":46},"Python basics",[28,143422,86930],{"class":1044},[28,143424,50],{"class":42},[28,143426,143427,143429,143431,143433,143435,143437],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143428,115],{"class":114},[28,143430,94],{"class":93},[28,143432,1574],{"class":114},[28,143434,94],{"class":93},[28,143436,30],{"class":120},[28,143438,318],{"class":93},[28,143440,143441,143443,143445,143447,143449,143451,143453,143455],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143442,115],{"class":114},[28,143444,94],{"class":93},[28,143446,1574],{"class":114},[28,143448,94],{"class":93},[28,143450,30],{"class":120},[28,143452,385],{"class":93},[28,143454,8411],{"class":120},[28,143456,6066],{"class":93},[14,143458,336],{},[18,143460,143462],{"className":20,"code":143461,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[25,143463,143464,143475],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143465,143466,143468,143470,143473],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143467,358],{"class":233},[28,143469,143420],{"class":237},[28,143471,86930],{"class":143472},"sfi6f",[28,143474,67],{"class":233},[28,143476,143477,143479,143481],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143478,358],{"class":233},[28,143480,143420],{"class":237},[28,143482,67],{"class":233},[14,143484,8194,143485,143487,143488,385],{},[25,143486,122337],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[25,143489,86930],{},[14,143491,143492,143493,385],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[381,143494,143495],{"href":87583},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[172,143497,143499],{"id":143498},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143501,143502,143503,385],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[25,143504,143505],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143507,143508],{},"Python will:",[177,143510,143511,143514,143517],{},[180,143512,143513],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[180,143515,143516],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[180,143518,143519],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143521,924],{},[18,143523,143525],{"className":20,"code":143524,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[25,143526,143527,143540],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143528,143529,143531,143533,143535,143538],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143530,84],{"class":34},[28,143532,39],{"class":38},[28,143534,43],{"class":42},[28,143536,143537],{"class":46},"??hello!!",[28,143539,50],{"class":42},[28,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556,143558,143560],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143543,115],{"class":114},[28,143545,94],{"class":93},[28,143547,157],{"class":120},[28,143549,385],{"class":93},[28,143551,8411],{"class":120},[28,143553,94],{"class":93},[28,143555,234],{"class":42},[28,143557,143200],{"class":46},[28,143559,234],{"class":42},[28,143561,318],{"class":93},[14,143563,336],{},[18,143565,143566],{"className":20,"code":138246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,143567,143568],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143569,143570],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143571,138246],{"class":34},[14,143573,51859],{},[18,143575,143577],{"className":20,"code":143576,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[25,143578,143579,143592],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143580,143581,143583,143585,143587,143590],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143582,84],{"class":34},[28,143584,39],{"class":38},[28,143586,43],{"class":42},[28,143588,143589],{"class":46},"abcHelloCba",[28,143591,50],{"class":42},[28,143593,143594,143596,143598,143600,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143595,115],{"class":114},[28,143597,94],{"class":93},[28,143599,157],{"class":120},[28,143601,385],{"class":93},[28,143603,8411],{"class":120},[28,143605,94],{"class":93},[28,143607,234],{"class":42},[28,143609,41353],{"class":46},[28,143611,234],{"class":42},[28,143613,318],{"class":93},[14,143615,336],{},[18,143617,143619],{"className":20,"code":143618,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"HelloC\n",[25,143620,143621],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143622,143623],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143624,143618],{"class":34},[14,143626,6012],{},[14,143628,143629,13839,143632,143634,143635,143637,143638,1959,143640,1963,143642,143644],{},[25,143630,143631],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[163,143633,4402],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[25,143636,41353],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[25,143639,381],{},[25,143641,4533],{},[25,143643,9518],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143646,143647],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143649,143650,143651,6406],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[381,143652,143653],{"href":129512},[25,143654,124293],{},[172,143656,143658,10365,143660,10365,143663],{"id":143657},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[25,143659,41446],{},[25,143661,143662],{},"lstrip()",[25,143664,143665],{},"rstrip()",[14,143667,143668],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[177,143670,143671,143676,143681],{},[180,143672,143673,143675],{},[25,143674,41446],{}," removes from both ends",[180,143677,143678,143680],{},[25,143679,143662],{}," removes from the left side only",[180,143682,143683,143685],{},[25,143684,143665],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143687,924],{},[18,143689,143691],{"className":20,"code":143690,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[25,143692,143693,143705,143709,143727,143746],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143694,143695,143697,143699,143701,143703],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143696,84],{"class":34},[28,143698,39],{"class":38},[28,143700,43],{"class":42},[28,143702,142938],{"class":46},[28,143704,50],{"class":42},[28,143706,143707],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143708,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,143710,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143712,115],{"class":114},[28,143714,94],{"class":93},[28,143716,1574],{"class":114},[28,143718,94],{"class":93},[28,143720,157],{"class":120},[28,143722,385],{"class":93},[28,143724,8411],{"class":120},[28,143726,6066],{"class":93},[28,143728,143729,143731,143733,143735,143737,143739,143741,143744],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,143730,115],{"class":114},[28,143732,94],{"class":93},[28,143734,1574],{"class":114},[28,143736,94],{"class":93},[28,143738,157],{"class":120},[28,143740,385],{"class":93},[28,143742,143743],{"class":120},"lstrip",[28,143745,6066],{"class":93},[28,143747,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143763],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,143749,115],{"class":114},[28,143751,94],{"class":93},[28,143753,1574],{"class":114},[28,143755,94],{"class":93},[28,143757,157],{"class":120},[28,143759,385],{"class":93},[28,143761,143762],{"class":120},"rstrip",[28,143764,6066],{"class":93},[14,143766,336],{},[18,143768,143770],{"className":20,"code":143769,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[25,143771,143772,143780,143789],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143773,143774,143776,143778],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143775,358],{"class":233},[28,143777,238],{"class":237},[28,143779,67],{"class":233},[28,143781,143782,143784,143787],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143783,358],{"class":233},[28,143785,143786],{"class":237},"hello  ",[28,143788,67],{"class":233},[28,143790,143791,143793,143796],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143792,358],{"class":233},[28,143794,143795],{"class":237},"  hello",[28,143797,67],{"class":233},[14,143799,143800],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[172,143802,108131],{"id":108130},[14,143804,143805],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[177,143807,143808,143816,143826,143829],{},[180,143809,143810,143812,143813,143815],{},[25,143811,143631],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[25,143814,41322],{}," once",[180,143817,143818,143819,1959,143821,1963,143823,143825],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[25,143820,381],{},[25,143822,4533],{},[25,143824,9518],{}," from both ends",[180,143827,143828],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[180,143830,143831],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143833,924],{},[18,143835,143837],{"className":20,"code":143836,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[25,143838,143839,143852],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143840,143841,143843,143845,143847,143850],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143842,126014],{"class":34},[28,143844,39],{"class":38},[28,143846,43],{"class":42},[28,143848,143849],{"class":46},"txt_report.txt",[28,143851,50],{"class":42},[28,143853,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143855,115],{"class":114},[28,143857,94],{"class":93},[28,143859,126032],{"class":120},[28,143861,385],{"class":93},[28,143863,8411],{"class":120},[28,143865,94],{"class":93},[28,143867,234],{"class":42},[28,143869,126067],{"class":46},[28,143871,234],{"class":42},[28,143873,318],{"class":93},[14,143875,336],{},[18,143877,143879],{"className":20,"code":143878,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"_report\n",[25,143880,143881],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143882,143883],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143884,143878],{"class":34},[14,143886,143887,143888,1959,143890,1963,143892,143894],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[25,143889,385],{},[25,143891,63066],{},[25,143893,1944],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,143896,53433,143897,4556,143900,143902],{},[25,143898,143899],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[163,143901,4402],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,143904,143905,143906,143910],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[381,143907,143908],{"href":129512},[25,143909,124293],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[172,143912,4734,143914],{"id":143913},"when-to-use-strip",[25,143915,41446],{},[14,143917,1631,143918,143920],{},[25,143919,41446],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,143922,36216],{},[177,143924,143925,143929,143931,143934],{},[180,143926,143247,143927,3654],{},[25,143928,2725],{},[180,143930,143252],{},[180,143932,143933],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[180,143935,143936],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,143938,924],{},[18,143940,143942],{"className":20,"code":143941,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[25,143943,143944,143958,143962,143975],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143945,143946,143949,143951,143953,143956],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,143947,143948],{"class":34},"email ",[28,143950,39],{"class":38},[28,143952,43],{"class":42},[28,143954,143955],{"class":46},"  user@example.com  ",[28,143957,50],{"class":42},[28,143959,143960],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,143961,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,143963,143964,143966,143969,143971,143973],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,143965,6773],{"class":3644},[28,143967,143968],{"class":34}," email",[28,143970,385],{"class":93},[28,143972,8411],{"class":120},[28,143974,21383],{"class":93},[28,143976,143977,143979,143981,143983,143986,143988],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,143978,7844],{"class":114},[28,143980,94],{"class":93},[28,143982,234],{"class":42},[28,143984,143985],{"class":46},"Email was entered",[28,143987,234],{"class":42},[28,143989,101],{"class":93},[14,143991,336],{},[18,143993,143995],{"className":20,"code":143994,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Email was entered\n",[25,143996,143997],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,143998,143999],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144000,143994],{"class":34},[14,144002,144003,144004,144006,144007,385],{},"You may also combine ",[25,144005,41446],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[381,144008,144009],{"href":123849},[25,144010,123852],{},[172,144012,1104],{"id":1103},[14,144014,84018],{},[177,144016,144017,144021,144026,144031],{},[180,144018,8230,144019,131151],{},[25,144020,41446],{},[180,144022,8230,144023,144025],{},[25,144024,41446],{}," to remove text from the middle",[180,144027,8194,144028,144030],{},[25,144029,143899],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[180,144032,4476,144033,144036],{},[25,144034,144035],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144038,144039],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[18,144041,144043],{"className":20,"code":144042,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[25,144044,144045,144059,144063,144073,144087,144101],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144046,144047,144049,144051,144053,144055,144057],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144048,84],{"class":34},[28,144050,39],{"class":38},[28,144052,43],{"class":42},[28,144054,143795],{"class":46},[28,144056,86930],{"class":1044},[28,144058,50],{"class":42},[28,144060,144061],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144062,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,144064,144065,144067,144069,144071],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144066,115],{"class":114},[28,144068,94],{"class":93},[28,144070,157],{"class":120},[28,144072,101],{"class":93},[28,144074,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144076,115],{"class":114},[28,144078,94],{"class":93},[28,144080,1574],{"class":114},[28,144082,94],{"class":93},[28,144084,157],{"class":120},[28,144086,318],{"class":93},[28,144088,144089,144091,144093,144095,144097,144099],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,144090,115],{"class":114},[28,144092,94],{"class":93},[28,144094,157],{"class":120},[28,144096,385],{"class":93},[28,144098,8411],{"class":120},[28,144100,6970],{"class":93},[28,144102,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115,144117],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,144104,115],{"class":114},[28,144106,94],{"class":93},[28,144108,1574],{"class":114},[28,144110,94],{"class":93},[28,144112,157],{"class":120},[28,144114,385],{"class":93},[28,144116,8411],{"class":120},[28,144118,6066],{"class":93},[14,144120,336],{},[18,144122,144124],{"className":20,"code":144123,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[25,144125,144126,144131,144135,144145,144149],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144127,144128],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144129,144130],{"class":34},"  hello\n",[28,144132,144133],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144134,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,144136,144137,144139,144141,144143],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144138,358],{"class":233},[28,144140,143795],{"class":237},[28,144142,86930],{"class":143472},[28,144144,67],{"class":233},[28,144146,144147],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144148,138246],{"class":34},[28,144150,144151,144153,144155],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,144152,358],{"class":233},[28,144154,238],{"class":237},[28,144156,67],{"class":233},[14,144158,144159],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[18,144161,144163],{"className":20,"code":144162,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[25,144164,144165,144175,144189,144203,144221],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144166,144167,144169,144171,144173],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144168,115],{"class":114},[28,144170,94],{"class":93},[28,144172,157],{"class":120},[28,144174,101],{"class":93},[28,144176,144177,144179,144181,144183,144185,144187],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144178,115],{"class":114},[28,144180,94],{"class":93},[28,144182,1574],{"class":114},[28,144184,94],{"class":93},[28,144186,157],{"class":120},[28,144188,318],{"class":93},[28,144190,144191,144193,144195,144197,144199,144201],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144192,115],{"class":114},[28,144194,94],{"class":93},[28,144196,157],{"class":120},[28,144198,385],{"class":93},[28,144200,8411],{"class":120},[28,144202,6970],{"class":93},[28,144204,144205,144207,144209,144211,144213,144215,144217,144219],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144206,115],{"class":114},[28,144208,94],{"class":93},[28,144210,1574],{"class":114},[28,144212,94],{"class":93},[28,144214,157],{"class":120},[28,144216,385],{"class":93},[28,144218,8411],{"class":120},[28,144220,6066],{"class":93},[28,144222,144223,144225,144227,144229,144231,144233],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,144224,31943],{"class":114},[28,144226,94],{"class":93},[28,144228,355],{"class":89},[28,144230,385],{"class":93},[28,144232,8411],{"class":24538},[28,144234,101],{"class":93},[14,144236,144237,144239],{},[25,144238,122337],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[172,144241,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,144243,12487,144245,144247],{"id":144244},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[25,144246,41446],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144249,46150,144250,144252],{},[25,144251,41446],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1109,144254,12487,144256,124449],{"id":144255},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[25,144257,41446],{},[14,144259,144260],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1109,144262,4915,144264,144266],{"id":144263},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[25,144265,41446],{}," remove by default?",[14,144268,144269],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1109,144271,33997,144273,34000,144275,2262],{"id":144272},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[25,144274,41446],{},[25,144276,124293],{},[14,144278,144279,144281,144282,144284],{},[25,144280,41446],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[25,144283,124293],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1109,144286,144288],{"id":144287},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144290,127804,144291,144293,144294,144296],{},[25,144292,143662],{}," for the left side and ",[25,144295,143665],{}," for the right side.",[172,144298,1662],{"id":1661},[177,144300,144301,144307,144313,144318,144323],{},[180,144302,144303],{},[381,144304,1685,144305,1689],{"href":123849},[25,144306,123852],{},[180,144308,144309],{},[381,144310,1685,144311,1689],{"href":129512},[25,144312,124293],{},[180,144314,144315],{},[381,144316,144317],{"href":143399},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[180,144319,144320],{},[381,144321,144322],{"href":87583},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[180,144324,144325],{},[381,144326,384],{"href":383},[1699,144328,144329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":144331},[144332,144333,144335,144339,144341,144342,144344,144345,144347,144348,144359],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":142984,"depth":53,"text":144334},"What strip() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":144336},[144337,144338],{"id":143107,"depth":70,"text":143099},{"id":143158,"depth":70,"text":143104},{"id":143232,"depth":53,"text":144340},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143498,"depth":53,"text":143499},{"id":143657,"depth":53,"text":144343},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108130,"depth":53,"text":108131},{"id":143913,"depth":53,"text":144346},"When to use strip()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":144349},[144350,144352,144354,144356,144358],{"id":144244,"depth":70,"text":144351},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144255,"depth":70,"text":144353},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144263,"depth":70,"text":144355},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144272,"depth":70,"text":144357},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144287,"depth":70,"text":144288},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142905,"description":144360},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144367,"title":144368,"body":144369,"description":145549,"extension":1730,"meta":145550,"navigation":107,"path":145551,"seo":145552,"stem":145553,"__hash__":145554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144370,"toc":145519},[144371,144376,144381,144386,144388,144434,144442,144447,144461,144467,144469,144471,144486,144488,144498,144501,144532,144535,144558,144560,144563,144620,144622,144636,144638,144652,144658,144663,144666,144707,144709,144718,144726,144729,144774,144776,144785,144788,144792,144797,144811,144813,144845,144847,144867,144870,144875,144880,144882,144893,144896,144953,144955,144963,144972,144974,144976,144982,144984,145021,145023,145031,145033,145074,145076,145085,145090,145095,145097,145124,145131,145134,145165,145167,145176,145182,145191,145222,145224,145236,145249,145253,145258,145288,145290,145357,145359,145369,145371,145376,145379,145384,145389,145393,145399,145405,145408,145410,145468,145470,145478,145480,145516],[10,144372,123122,144374,11102],{"id":144373},"python-string-upper-method",[25,144375,127809],{},[14,144377,123127,144378,144380],{},[25,144379,127809],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144382,84395,144383,144385],{},[25,144384,127809],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[172,144387,1771],{"id":1770},[18,144389,144391],{"className":20,"code":144390,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[25,144392,144393,144405,144419,144429],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144394,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144396,84],{"class":34},[28,144398,39],{"class":38},[28,144400,43],{"class":42},[28,144402,128650],{"class":46},[28,144404,50],{"class":42},[28,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413,144415,144417],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144408,1999],{"class":34},[28,144410,39],{"class":38},[28,144412,42632],{"class":34},[28,144414,385],{"class":93},[28,144416,34269],{"class":120},[28,144418,8420],{"class":93},[28,144420,144421,144423,144425,144427],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144422,115],{"class":114},[28,144424,94],{"class":93},[28,144426,2033],{"class":120},[28,144428,101],{"class":93},[28,144430,144431],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144432,144433],{"class":1006},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144435,144436,144438,144439,144441],{},[25,144437,127809],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[163,144440,4402],{}," change the original string in place.",[172,144443,3445,144445,3448],{"id":144444},"what-upper-does",[25,144446,127809],{},[177,144448,144449,144454,144457,144459],{},[180,144450,144451,144453],{},[25,144452,127809],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[180,144455,144456],{},"It works on string values only",[180,144458,133179],{},[180,144460,135897],{},[14,144462,379,144463,474,144465,385],{},[381,144464,135903],{"href":135902},[381,144466,384],{"href":383},[172,144468,1927],{"id":1926},[14,144470,1930],{},[18,144472,144474],{"className":20,"code":144473,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"string.upper()\n",[25,144475,144476],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144477,144478,144480,144482,144484],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144479,60953],{"class":34},[28,144481,385],{"class":93},[28,144483,34269],{"class":120},[28,144485,8420],{"class":93},[14,144487,11239],{},[177,144489,144490,144492,144495],{},[180,144491,97296],{},[180,144493,144494],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[180,144496,144497],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144499,144500],{},"Example with a variable:",[18,144502,144504],{"className":20,"code":144503,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[25,144505,144506,144518],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144507,144508,144510,144512,144514,144516],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144509,35],{"class":34},[28,144511,39],{"class":38},[28,144513,43],{"class":42},[28,144515,22],{"class":46},[28,144517,50],{"class":42},[28,144519,144520,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144521,115],{"class":114},[28,144523,94],{"class":93},[28,144525,121],{"class":120},[28,144527,385],{"class":93},[28,144529,34269],{"class":120},[28,144531,6970],{"class":93},[14,144533,144534],{},"Example with a string literal:",[18,144536,144538],{"className":20,"code":144537,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[25,144539,144540],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144541,144542,144544,144546,144548,144550,144552,144554,144556],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144543,115],{"class":114},[28,144545,94],{"class":93},[28,144547,234],{"class":42},[28,144549,238],{"class":46},[28,144551,234],{"class":42},[28,144553,385],{"class":93},[28,144555,34269],{"class":120},[28,144557,6970],{"class":93},[172,144559,11256],{"id":11255},[14,144561,144562],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[18,144564,144566],{"className":20,"code":144565,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[25,144567,144568,144580,144595,144599,144609],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144569,144570,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144571,5931],{"class":34},[28,144573,39],{"class":38},[28,144575,43],{"class":42},[28,144577,3858],{"class":46},[28,144579,50],{"class":42},[28,144581,144582,144585,144587,144589,144591,144593],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144583,144584],{"class":34},"uppercase_word ",[28,144586,39],{"class":38},[28,144588,38173],{"class":34},[28,144590,385],{"class":93},[28,144592,34269],{"class":120},[28,144594,8420],{"class":93},[28,144596,144597],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144598,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,144600,144601,144603,144605,144607],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144602,115],{"class":114},[28,144604,94],{"class":93},[28,144606,38183],{"class":120},[28,144608,101],{"class":93},[28,144610,144611,144613,144615,144618],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,144612,115],{"class":114},[28,144614,94],{"class":93},[28,144616,144617],{"class":120},"uppercase_word",[28,144619,101],{"class":93},[14,144621,336],{},[18,144623,144625],{"className":20,"code":144624,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"banana\nBANANA\n",[25,144626,144627,144631],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144628,144629],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144630,70185],{"class":34},[28,144632,144633],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144634,144635],{"class":1044},"BANANA\n",[14,144637,112237],{},[177,144639,144640,144645],{},[180,144641,144642,144644],{},[25,144643,38183],{}," keeps its original value",[180,144646,144647,144649,144650],{},[25,144648,144617],{}," stores the returned value from ",[25,144651,127809],{},[172,144653,144655,144657],{"id":144654},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[25,144656,127809],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144659,136563,144660,144662],{},[163,144661,136566],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144664,144665],{},"So this method:",[18,144667,144669],{"className":20,"code":144668,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[25,144670,144671,144683,144693,144697],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144672,144673,144675,144677,144679,144681],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144674,35],{"class":34},[28,144676,39],{"class":38},[28,144678,43],{"class":42},[28,144680,17590],{"class":46},[28,144682,50],{"class":42},[28,144684,144685,144687,144689,144691],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144686,121],{"class":34},[28,144688,385],{"class":93},[28,144690,34269],{"class":120},[28,144692,8420],{"class":93},[28,144694,144695],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144696,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,144698,144699,144701,144703,144705],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144700,115],{"class":114},[28,144702,94],{"class":93},[28,144704,121],{"class":120},[28,144706,101],{"class":93},[14,144708,336],{},[18,144710,144712],{"className":20,"code":144711,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"alice\n",[25,144713,144714],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144715,144716],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144717,144711],{"class":34},[14,144719,260,144720,144722,144723,144725],{},[25,144721,127809],{}," was called, ",[25,144724,121],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144727,144728],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[18,144730,144732],{"className":20,"code":144731,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[25,144733,144734,144746,144760,144764],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144735,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144737,35],{"class":34},[28,144739,39],{"class":38},[28,144741,43],{"class":42},[28,144743,17590],{"class":46},[28,144745,50],{"class":42},[28,144747,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756,144758],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144749,35],{"class":34},[28,144751,39],{"class":38},[28,144753,35781],{"class":34},[28,144755,385],{"class":93},[28,144757,34269],{"class":120},[28,144759,8420],{"class":93},[28,144761,144762],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144763,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,144765,144766,144768,144770,144772],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144767,115],{"class":114},[28,144769,94],{"class":93},[28,144771,121],{"class":120},[28,144773,101],{"class":93},[14,144775,336],{},[18,144777,144779],{"className":20,"code":144778,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ALICE\n",[25,144780,144781],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144782,144783],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144784,144778],{"class":1044},[14,144786,144787],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[172,144789,144791],{"id":144790},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144793,144794,144796],{},[25,144795,127809],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[177,144798,144799,144802,144805,144808],{},[180,144800,144801],{},"Numbers stay the same",[180,144803,144804],{},"Spaces stay the same",[180,144806,144807],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[180,144809,144810],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144812,924],{},[18,144814,144816],{"className":20,"code":144815,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[25,144817,144818,144831],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826,144829],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144821,84],{"class":34},[28,144823,39],{"class":38},[28,144825,43],{"class":42},[28,144827,144828],{"class":46},"Room 7, table #3!",[28,144830,50],{"class":42},[28,144832,144833,144835,144837,144839,144841,144843],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144834,115],{"class":114},[28,144836,94],{"class":93},[28,144838,157],{"class":120},[28,144840,385],{"class":93},[28,144842,34269],{"class":120},[28,144844,6970],{"class":93},[14,144846,336],{},[18,144848,144850],{"className":20,"code":144849,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[25,144851,144852],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144853,144854,144857,144859,144861,144864],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144855,144856],{"class":1044},"ROOM",[28,144858,5770],{"class":97},[28,144860,2759],{"class":93},[28,144862,144863],{"class":1044}," TABLE",[28,144865,144866],{"class":1006}," #3!\n",[14,144868,144869],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[172,144871,4734,144873],{"id":144872},"when-to-use-upper",[25,144874,127809],{},[14,144876,144877,144879],{},[25,144878,127809],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,144881,48121],{},[177,144883,144884,144887,144890],{},[180,144885,144886],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[180,144888,144889],{},"Format labels or headings",[180,144891,144892],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,144894,144895],{},"Example: simple comparison",[18,144897,144899],{"className":20,"code":144898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[25,144900,144901,144913,144917,144939],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144902,144903,144905,144907,144909,144911],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144904,136174],{"class":34},[28,144906,39],{"class":38},[28,144908,43],{"class":42},[28,144910,8435],{"class":46},[28,144912,50],{"class":42},[28,144914,144915],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,144916,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,144918,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,144920,6773],{"class":3644},[28,144922,136194],{"class":34},[28,144924,385],{"class":93},[28,144926,34269],{"class":120},[28,144928,7141],{"class":93},[28,144930,6185],{"class":38},[28,144932,43],{"class":42},[28,144934,136181],{"class":46},[28,144936,234],{"class":42},[28,144938,6170],{"class":93},[28,144940,144941,144943,144945,144947,144949,144951],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,144942,7844],{"class":114},[28,144944,94],{"class":93},[28,144946,234],{"class":42},[28,144948,143378],{"class":46},[28,144950,234],{"class":42},[28,144952,101],{"class":93},[14,144954,336],{},[18,144956,144957],{"className":20,"code":143387,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,144958,144959],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144960,144961],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144962,143387],{"class":34},[14,144964,144965,144966,1959,144968,1963,144970,385],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[25,144967,8435],{},[25,144969,136967],{},[25,144971,136181],{},[172,144973,1104],{"id":1103},[1109,144975,95657],{"id":95656},[14,144977,7892,144978,144981],{},[25,144979,144980],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,144983,16429],{},[18,144985,144987],{"className":20,"code":144986,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[25,144988,144989,145001,145011],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,144992,84],{"class":34},[28,144994,39],{"class":38},[28,144996,43],{"class":42},[28,144998,238],{"class":46},[28,145000,50],{"class":42},[28,145002,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145004,157],{"class":34},[28,145006,385],{"class":93},[28,145008,34269],{"class":120},[28,145010,8420],{"class":93},[28,145012,145013,145015,145017,145019],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145014,115],{"class":114},[28,145016,94],{"class":93},[28,145018,157],{"class":120},[28,145020,101],{"class":93},[14,145022,336],{},[18,145024,145025],{"className":20,"code":138246,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,145026,145027],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145028,145029],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145030,138246],{"class":34},[14,145032,16441],{},[18,145034,145036],{"className":20,"code":145035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[25,145037,145038,145050,145064],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145039,145040,145042,145044,145046,145048],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145041,84],{"class":34},[28,145043,39],{"class":38},[28,145045,43],{"class":42},[28,145047,238],{"class":46},[28,145049,50],{"class":42},[28,145051,145052,145054,145056,145058,145060,145062],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145053,84],{"class":34},[28,145055,39],{"class":38},[28,145057,42632],{"class":34},[28,145059,385],{"class":93},[28,145061,34269],{"class":120},[28,145063,8420],{"class":93},[28,145065,145066,145068,145070,145072],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145067,115],{"class":114},[28,145069,94],{"class":93},[28,145071,157],{"class":120},[28,145073,101],{"class":93},[14,145075,336],{},[18,145077,145079],{"className":20,"code":145078,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"HELLO\n",[25,145080,145081],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145082,145083],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145084,145078],{"class":1044},[1109,145086,18695,145088,136853],{"id":145087},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[25,145089,127809],{},[14,145091,145092,145094],{},[25,145093,127809],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145096,924],{},[18,145098,145100],{"className":20,"code":145099,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[25,145101,145102,145110],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145103,145104,145106,145108],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145105,293],{"class":34},[28,145107,39],{"class":38},[28,145109,298],{"class":97},[28,145111,145112,145114,145116,145118,145120,145122],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145113,115],{"class":114},[28,145115,94],{"class":93},[28,145117,331],{"class":120},[28,145119,385],{"class":93},[28,145121,34269],{"class":120},[28,145123,6970],{"class":93},[14,145125,39446,145126,145128,145129,33392],{},[25,145127,372],{}," objects do not have an ",[25,145130,127809],{},[14,145132,145133],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[18,145135,145137],{"className":20,"code":145136,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[25,145138,145139,145147],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145140,145141,145143,145145],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145142,293],{"class":34},[28,145144,39],{"class":38},[28,145146,298],{"class":97},[28,145148,145149,145151,145153,145155,145157,145159,145161,145163],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145150,115],{"class":114},[28,145152,94],{"class":93},[28,145154,355],{"class":89},[28,145156,94],{"class":93},[28,145158,331],{"class":120},[28,145160,8408],{"class":93},[28,145162,34269],{"class":120},[28,145164,6970],{"class":93},[14,145166,336],{},[18,145168,145170],{"className":20,"code":145169,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"123\n",[25,145171,145172],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145173,145174],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145175,145169],{"class":97},[1109,145177,36995,145179,145181],{"id":145178},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[25,145180,127809],{}," with title case",[14,145183,145184,145186,145187,145190],{},[25,145185,127809],{}," makes ",[163,145188,145189],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[18,145192,145194],{"className":20,"code":145193,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[25,145195,145196,145208],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145197,145198,145200,145202,145204,145206],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145199,84],{"class":34},[28,145201,39],{"class":38},[28,145203,43],{"class":42},[28,145205,60187],{"class":46},[28,145207,50],{"class":42},[28,145209,145210,145212,145214,145216,145218,145220],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145211,115],{"class":114},[28,145213,94],{"class":93},[28,145215,157],{"class":120},[28,145217,385],{"class":93},[28,145219,34269],{"class":120},[28,145221,6970],{"class":93},[14,145223,336],{},[18,145225,145227],{"className":20,"code":145226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"HELLO WORLD\n",[25,145228,145229],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145230,145231,145233],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145232,135955],{"class":1044},[28,145234,145235],{"class":1044}," WORLD\n",[14,145237,145238,145239,145243,145244,145248],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[381,145240,145241],{"href":123849},[25,145242,123852],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[381,145245,145246],{"href":129512},[25,145247,124293],{}," changes parts of a string.",[172,145250,145252],{"id":145251},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145254,145255,145256,271],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[25,145257,127809],{},[177,145259,145260,145267,145274,145281],{},[180,145261,145262,145266],{},[381,145263,145264],{"href":123849},[25,145265,123852],{}," for lowercase text",[180,145268,145269,145273],{},[381,145270,145271],{"href":136501},[25,145272,41446],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[180,145275,145276,145280],{},[381,145277,145278],{"href":129512},[25,145279,124293],{}," for changing parts of a string",[180,145282,145283,1323,145285,145287],{},[25,145284,127299],{},[25,145286,125989],{}," for checks",[14,145289,924],{},[18,145291,145293],{"className":20,"code":145292,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[25,145294,145295,145307,145311,145326,145342,145346],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145296,145297,145299,145301,145303,145305],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145298,84],{"class":34},[28,145300,39],{"class":38},[28,145302,43],{"class":42},[28,145304,143029],{"class":46},[28,145306,50],{"class":42},[28,145308,145309],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145310,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,145312,145313,145316,145318,145320,145322,145324],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145314,145315],{"class":34},"cleaned ",[28,145317,39],{"class":38},[28,145319,42632],{"class":34},[28,145321,385],{"class":93},[28,145323,8411],{"class":120},[28,145325,8420],{"class":93},[28,145327,145328,145331,145333,145336,145338,145340],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,145329,145330],{"class":34},"loud ",[28,145332,39],{"class":38},[28,145334,145335],{"class":34}," cleaned",[28,145337,385],{"class":93},[28,145339,34269],{"class":120},[28,145341,8420],{"class":93},[28,145343,145344],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,145345,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,145347,145348,145350,145352,145355],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,145349,115],{"class":114},[28,145351,94],{"class":93},[28,145353,145354],{"class":120},"loud",[28,145356,101],{"class":93},[14,145358,336],{},[18,145360,145361],{"className":20,"code":145226,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,145362,145363],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145364,145365,145367],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145366,135955],{"class":1044},[28,145368,145235],{"class":1044},[172,145370,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,145372,12487,145374,124449],{"id":145373},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[25,145375,127809],{},[14,145377,145378],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1109,145380,12487,145382,137235],{"id":145381},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[25,145383,127809],{},[14,145385,145386,145387,385],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[25,145388,144980],{},[1109,145390,145392],{"id":145391},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145394,145395,145396,145398],{},"They stay the same. ",[25,145397,127809],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1109,145400,28118,145402,145404],{"id":145401},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[25,145403,127809],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145406,145407],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145409,924],{},[18,145411,145413],{"className":20,"code":145412,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[25,145414,145415,145427,145440,145444],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145416,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145418,885],{"class":34},[28,145420,39],{"class":38},[28,145422,43],{"class":42},[28,145424,22],{"class":46},[28,145426,50],{"class":42},[28,145428,145429,145431,145433,145435,145438],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145430,899],{"class":34},[28,145432,39],{"class":38},[28,145434,43],{"class":42},[28,145436,145437],{"class":46},"PYTHON",[28,145439,50],{"class":42},[28,145441,145442],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145443,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,145445,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,145447,115],{"class":114},[28,145449,94],{"class":93},[28,145451,381],{"class":120},[28,145453,385],{"class":93},[28,145455,34269],{"class":120},[28,145457,7141],{"class":93},[28,145459,6185],{"class":38},[28,145461,2329],{"class":120},[28,145463,385],{"class":93},[28,145465,34269],{"class":120},[28,145467,6970],{"class":93},[14,145469,336],{},[18,145471,145472],{"className":20,"code":3749,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,145473,145474],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145475,145476],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145477,3749],{"class":776},[172,145479,1662],{"id":1661},[177,145481,145482,145486,145492,145498,145504,145508,145512],{},[180,145483,145484],{},[381,145485,384],{"href":383},[180,145487,145488],{},[381,145489,1685,145490,1689],{"href":123849},[25,145491,123852],{},[180,145493,145494],{},[381,145495,1685,145496,1689],{"href":136501},[25,145497,41446],{},[180,145499,145500],{},[381,145501,1685,145502,1689],{"href":129512},[25,145503,124293],{},[180,145505,145506],{},[381,145507,90451],{"href":89466},[180,145509,145510],{},[381,145511,124521],{"href":123377},[180,145513,145514],{},[381,145515,137321],{"href":135902},[1699,145517,145518],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":145520},[145521,145522,145524,145525,145526,145528,145529,145531,145538,145539,145548],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":144444,"depth":53,"text":145523},"What upper() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":144654,"depth":53,"text":145527},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144790,"depth":53,"text":144791},{"id":144872,"depth":53,"text":145530},"When to use upper()",{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":145532},[145533,145534,145536],{"id":95656,"depth":70,"text":95657},{"id":145087,"depth":70,"text":145535},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145178,"depth":70,"text":145537},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145251,"depth":53,"text":145252},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":145540},[145541,145543,145545,145546],{"id":145373,"depth":70,"text":145542},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145381,"depth":70,"text":145544},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145391,"depth":70,"text":145392},{"id":145401,"depth":70,"text":145547},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144368,"description":145549},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145556,"title":145557,"body":145558,"description":147435,"extension":1730,"meta":147436,"navigation":107,"path":147437,"seo":147438,"stem":147439,"__hash__":147440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145559,"toc":147385},[145560,145566,145573,145579,145581,145637,145642,145647,145652,145655,145674,145677,145679,145703,145721,145732,145734,145737,145790,145792,145800,145802,145820,145825,145828,145885,145887,145896,145899,145919,145922,145928,145933,145935,145978,145980,145988,145991,146032,146034,146043,146049,146055,146082,146084,146092,146097,146101,146113,146156,146158,146166,146171,146177,146182,146186,146188,146231,146234,146281,146283,146292,146299,146303,146306,146352,146357,146361,146363,146406,146409,146417,146419,146424,146426,146428,146447,146450,146462,146464,146483,146485,146493,146497,146499,146550,146553,146628,146630,146638,146641,146645,146647,146694,146697,146768,146770,146778,146784,146786,146861,146865,146944,146946,146954,146960,146966,146971,146976,147025,147029,147100,147103,147108,147119,147122,147133,147143,147145,147150,147175,147180,147261,147263,147288,147290,147295,147298,147304,147313,147319,147322,147328,147334,147341,147344,147346,147382],[10,145561,858,145563,3344],{"id":145562},"python-sum-function-explained",[25,145564,145565],{},"sum()",[14,145567,8901,145568,145570,145571,24552],{},[25,145569,145565],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[25,145572,59779],{},[14,145574,145575,145576,145578],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[25,145577,35862],{}," value and a few important limits.",[172,145580,1771],{"id":1770},[18,145582,145584],{"className":20,"code":145583,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[25,145585,145586,145610,145625],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145587,145588,145590,145592,145594,145596,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145589,3383],{"class":34},[28,145591,39],{"class":38},[28,145593,3388],{"class":93},[28,145595,2756],{"class":97},[28,145597,2759],{"class":93},[28,145599,2762],{"class":97},[28,145601,2759],{"class":93},[28,145603,2221],{"class":97},[28,145605,2759],{"class":93},[28,145607,2226],{"class":97},[28,145609,3401],{"class":93},[28,145611,145612,145614,145616,145619,145621,145623],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145613,40975],{"class":34},[28,145615,39],{"class":38},[28,145617,145618],{"class":114}," sum",[28,145620,94],{"class":93},[28,145622,3415],{"class":120},[28,145624,101],{"class":93},[28,145626,145627,145629,145631,145633,145635],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145628,115],{"class":114},[28,145630,94],{"class":93},[28,145632,41004],{"class":120},[28,145634,3428],{"class":93},[28,145636,26584],{"class":1006},[14,145638,1631,145639,145641],{},[25,145640,145565],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[172,145643,3445,145645,3448],{"id":145644},"what-sum-does",[25,145646,145565],{},[14,145648,145649,145651],{},[25,145650,145565],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145653,145654],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[177,145656,145657,145660,145663,145668],{},[180,145658,145659],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[180,145661,145662],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[180,145664,145665,145666],{},"Adding numbers from ",[25,145667,35988],{},[180,145669,145670,145671,145673],{},"Counting ",[25,145672,777],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145675,145676],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[172,145678,1927],{"id":1926},[18,145680,145682],{"className":20,"code":145681,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[25,145683,145684],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145685,145686,145689,145691,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145687,145688],{"class":114},"sum",[28,145690,94],{"class":93},[28,145692,3489],{"class":120},[28,145694,2759],{"class":93},[28,145696,35841],{"class":8954},[28,145698,39],{"class":38},[28,145700,1888],{"class":97},[28,145702,101],{"class":93},[177,145704,145705,145710,145715],{},[180,145706,145707,145709],{},[25,145708,3489],{}," is the group of values to add",[180,145711,145712,145714],{},[25,145713,35862],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[180,145716,145717,145718],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[25,145719,145720],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145722,145723,145724,145727,145728,385],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145725,145726,3489],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[381,145729,145730,24405],{"href":35985},[25,145731,35988],{},[172,145733,11256],{"id":11255},[14,145735,145736],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[18,145738,145740],{"className":20,"code":145739,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[25,145741,145742,145762,145776,145780],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145743,145744,145746,145748,145750,145752,145754,145756,145758,145760],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145745,3383],{"class":34},[28,145747,39],{"class":38},[28,145749,3388],{"class":93},[28,145751,1905],{"class":97},[28,145753,2759],{"class":93},[28,145755,5781],{"class":97},[28,145757,2759],{"class":93},[28,145759,37728],{"class":97},[28,145761,3401],{"class":93},[28,145763,145764,145766,145768,145770,145772,145774],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145765,40975],{"class":34},[28,145767,39],{"class":38},[28,145769,145618],{"class":114},[28,145771,94],{"class":93},[28,145773,3415],{"class":120},[28,145775,101],{"class":93},[28,145777,145778],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145779,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,145781,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,145783,115],{"class":114},[28,145785,94],{"class":93},[28,145787,41004],{"class":120},[28,145789,101],{"class":93},[14,145791,336],{},[18,145793,145794],{"className":20,"code":69619,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,145795,145796],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145797,145798],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145799,69619],{"class":97},[14,145801,11465],{},[177,145803,145804,145809,145815],{},[180,145805,145806,145808],{},[25,145807,3415],{}," contains three integers",[180,145810,145811,145814],{},[25,145812,145813],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[180,145816,145817,145818],{},"The result is stored in ",[25,145819,41004],{},[172,145821,36403,145823,8210],{"id":145822},"using-the-start-value",[25,145824,35862],{},[14,145826,145827],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[18,145829,145831],{"className":20,"code":145830,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[25,145832,145833,145853,145871,145875],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145834,145835,145837,145839,145841,145843,145845,145847,145849,145851],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145836,3383],{"class":34},[28,145838,39],{"class":38},[28,145840,3388],{"class":93},[28,145842,2756],{"class":97},[28,145844,2759],{"class":93},[28,145846,2762],{"class":97},[28,145848,2759],{"class":93},[28,145850,2221],{"class":97},[28,145852,3401],{"class":93},[28,145854,145855,145857,145859,145861,145863,145865,145867,145869],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145856,40975],{"class":34},[28,145858,39],{"class":38},[28,145860,145618],{"class":114},[28,145862,94],{"class":93},[28,145864,3415],{"class":120},[28,145866,2759],{"class":93},[28,145868,5781],{"class":97},[28,145870,101],{"class":93},[28,145872,145873],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,145874,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,145876,145877,145879,145881,145883],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,145878,115],{"class":114},[28,145880,94],{"class":93},[28,145882,41004],{"class":120},[28,145884,101],{"class":93},[14,145886,336],{},[18,145888,145890],{"className":20,"code":145889,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"16\n",[25,145891,145892],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145893,145894],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145895,145889],{"class":97},[14,145897,145898],{},"This works like:",[177,145900,145901,145906,145911,145915],{},[180,145902,145903,145904],{},"Start at ",[25,145905,2099],{},[180,145907,145908,145909],{},"Add ",[25,145910,2756],{},[180,145912,145908,145913],{},[25,145914,1825],{},[180,145916,145908,145917],{},[25,145918,1831],{},[14,145920,145921],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[172,145923,3445,145925,145927],{"id":145924},"what-sum-can-work-with",[25,145926,145565],{}," can work with",[14,145929,145930,145932],{},[25,145931,145565],{}," works with numeric values.",[1109,145934,40217],{"id":40216},[18,145936,145938],{"className":20,"code":145937,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[25,145939,145940,145964],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145941,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145943,3591],{"class":34},[28,145945,39],{"class":38},[28,145947,3388],{"class":93},[28,145949,2756],{"class":97},[28,145951,2759],{"class":93},[28,145953,2762],{"class":97},[28,145955,2759],{"class":93},[28,145957,2221],{"class":97},[28,145959,2759],{"class":93},[28,145961,2226],{"class":97},[28,145963,3401],{"class":93},[28,145965,145966,145968,145970,145972,145974,145976],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,145967,115],{"class":114},[28,145969,94],{"class":93},[28,145971,145688],{"class":114},[28,145973,94],{"class":93},[28,145975,5133],{"class":120},[28,145977,318],{"class":93},[14,145979,336],{},[18,145981,145982],{"className":20,"code":2145,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,145983,145984],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145985,145986],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145987,2145],{"class":97},[1109,145989,145990],{"id":51825},"Floats",[18,145992,145994],{"className":20,"code":145993,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[25,145995,145996,146018],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,145997,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008,146011,146013,146016],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,145999,82826],{"class":34},[28,146001,39],{"class":38},[28,146003,3388],{"class":93},[28,146005,40951],{"class":97},[28,146007,2759],{"class":93},[28,146009,146010],{"class":97}," 3.75",[28,146012,2759],{"class":93},[28,146014,146015],{"class":97}," 1.25",[28,146017,3401],{"class":93},[28,146019,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028,146030],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146021,115],{"class":114},[28,146023,94],{"class":93},[28,146025,145688],{"class":114},[28,146027,94],{"class":93},[28,146029,82862],{"class":120},[28,146031,318],{"class":93},[14,146033,336],{},[18,146035,146037],{"className":20,"code":146036,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"7.5\n",[25,146038,146039],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146040,146041],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146042,146036],{"class":97},[14,146044,146045,146046,385],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[381,146047,146048],{"href":2188},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1109,146050,146052,146053],{"id":146051},"values-from-range","Values from ",[25,146054,35988],{},[18,146056,146058],{"className":20,"code":146057,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[25,146059,146060],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146061,146062,146064,146066,146068,146070,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146063,115],{"class":114},[28,146065,94],{"class":93},[28,146067,145688],{"class":114},[28,146069,94],{"class":93},[28,146071,59779],{"class":114},[28,146073,94],{"class":93},[28,146075,2756],{"class":97},[28,146077,2759],{"class":93},[28,146079,37435],{"class":97},[28,146081,2679],{"class":93},[14,146083,336],{},[18,146085,146086],{"className":20,"code":46824,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,146087,146088],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146089,146090],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146091,46824],{"class":97},[14,146093,113327,146094,385],{},[25,146095,146096],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1109,146098,146100],{"id":146099},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146102,146103,146104,146106,146107,1323,146109,146106,146111,385],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[25,146105,777],{}," acts like ",[25,146108,2756],{},[25,146110,3441],{},[25,146112,1888],{},[18,146114,146116],{"className":20,"code":146115,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[25,146117,146118,146142],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146119,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146121,51745],{"class":34},[28,146123,39],{"class":38},[28,146125,3388],{"class":93},[28,146127,777],{"class":776},[28,146129,2759],{"class":93},[28,146131,3676],{"class":776},[28,146133,2759],{"class":93},[28,146135,3685],{"class":776},[28,146137,2759],{"class":93},[28,146139,3685],{"class":776},[28,146141,3401],{"class":93},[28,146143,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146145,115],{"class":114},[28,146147,94],{"class":93},[28,146149,145688],{"class":114},[28,146151,94],{"class":93},[28,146153,51798],{"class":120},[28,146155,318],{"class":93},[14,146157,336],{},[18,146159,146160],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,146161,146162],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146163,146164],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146165,46400],{"class":97},[14,146167,146168,146169,385],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[25,146170,777],{},[172,146172,3445,146174,146176],{"id":146173},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[25,146175,145565],{}," does not work with",[14,146178,146179,146181],{},[25,146180,145565],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1109,146183,146185],{"id":146184},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146187,2604],{},[18,146189,146191],{"className":20,"code":146190,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[25,146192,146193,146217],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146194,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213,146215],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146196,3840],{"class":34},[28,146198,39],{"class":38},[28,146200,3388],{"class":93},[28,146202,234],{"class":42},[28,146204,238],{"class":46},[28,146206,234],{"class":42},[28,146208,2759],{"class":93},[28,146210,43],{"class":42},[28,146212,60372],{"class":46},[28,146214,234],{"class":42},[28,146216,3401],{"class":93},[28,146218,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227,146229],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146220,115],{"class":114},[28,146222,94],{"class":93},[28,146224,145688],{"class":114},[28,146226,94],{"class":93},[28,146228,3884],{"class":120},[28,146230,318],{"class":93},[14,146232,146233],{},"Use string joining instead:",[18,146235,146237],{"className":20,"code":146236,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[25,146238,146239,146263],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146240,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146242,3840],{"class":34},[28,146244,39],{"class":38},[28,146246,3388],{"class":93},[28,146248,234],{"class":42},[28,146250,238],{"class":46},[28,146252,234],{"class":42},[28,146254,2759],{"class":93},[28,146256,43],{"class":42},[28,146258,60372],{"class":46},[28,146260,234],{"class":42},[28,146262,3401],{"class":93},[28,146264,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146266,115],{"class":114},[28,146268,94],{"class":93},[28,146270,473],{"class":42},[28,146272,385],{"class":93},[28,146274,133090],{"class":120},[28,146276,94],{"class":93},[28,146278,3884],{"class":120},[28,146280,318],{"class":93},[14,146282,336],{},[18,146284,146286],{"className":20,"code":146285,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"helloworld\n",[25,146287,146288],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146289,146290],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146291,146285],{"class":34},[14,146293,146294,146295,385],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[381,146296,146297,5559],{"href":857},[25,146298,169],{},[1109,146300,146302],{"id":146301},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146304,146305],{},"This also causes an error:",[18,146307,146309],{"className":20,"code":146308,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[25,146310,146311,146338],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146312,146313,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146314,146315],{"class":34},"lists ",[28,146317,39],{"class":38},[28,146319,56074],{"class":93},[28,146321,2756],{"class":97},[28,146323,2759],{"class":93},[28,146325,2762],{"class":97},[28,146327,17849],{"class":93},[28,146329,3388],{"class":93},[28,146331,1831],{"class":97},[28,146333,2759],{"class":93},[28,146335,2226],{"class":97},[28,146337,53022],{"class":93},[28,146339,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146341,115],{"class":114},[28,146343,94],{"class":93},[28,146345,145688],{"class":114},[28,146347,94],{"class":93},[28,146349,5074],{"class":120},[28,146351,318],{"class":93},[14,146353,146354,146356],{},[25,146355,145565],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1109,146358,146360],{"id":146359},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146362,5247],{},[18,146364,146366],{"className":20,"code":146365,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[25,146367,146368,146392],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146369,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146371,3591],{"class":34},[28,146373,39],{"class":38},[28,146375,3388],{"class":93},[28,146377,2756],{"class":97},[28,146379,2759],{"class":93},[28,146381,2762],{"class":97},[28,146383,2759],{"class":93},[28,146385,43],{"class":42},[28,146387,1831],{"class":46},[28,146389,234],{"class":42},[28,146391,3401],{"class":93},[28,146393,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146395,115],{"class":114},[28,146397,94],{"class":93},[28,146399,145688],{"class":114},[28,146401,94],{"class":93},[28,146403,5133],{"class":120},[28,146405,318],{"class":93},[14,146407,146408],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146410,146411,146412,146414,146415,385],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[25,146413,65724],{},", convert them first. See ",[381,146416,2730],{"href":2729},[172,146418,41297],{"id":41296},[14,146420,146421,146422,385],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[25,146423,145565],{},[1109,146425,6299],{"id":6298},[14,146427,4297],{},[18,146429,146431],{"className":20,"code":146430,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(sum(5))\n",[25,146432,146433],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146434,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146436,115],{"class":114},[28,146438,94],{"class":93},[28,146440,145688],{"class":114},[28,146442,94],{"class":93},[28,146444,1905],{"class":97},[28,146446,318],{"class":93},[14,146448,146449],{},"Why it fails:",[177,146451,146452,146457],{},[180,146453,146454,146456],{},[25,146455,1905],{}," is a single integer",[180,146458,146459,146461],{},[25,146460,145565],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146463,6329],{},[18,146465,146467],{"className":20,"code":146466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(sum([5]))\n",[25,146468,146469],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146470,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146472,115],{"class":114},[28,146474,94],{"class":93},[28,146476,145688],{"class":114},[28,146478,2753],{"class":93},[28,146480,1905],{"class":97},[28,146482,2769],{"class":93},[14,146484,336],{},[18,146486,146487],{"className":20,"code":2714,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,146488,146489],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146490,146491],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146492,2714],{"class":97},[1109,146494,146496],{"id":146495},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146498,4297],{},[18,146500,146502],{"className":20,"code":146501,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[25,146503,146504,146536],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146505,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146507,3591],{"class":34},[28,146509,39],{"class":38},[28,146511,3388],{"class":93},[28,146513,234],{"class":42},[28,146515,2756],{"class":46},[28,146517,234],{"class":42},[28,146519,2759],{"class":93},[28,146521,43],{"class":42},[28,146523,1825],{"class":46},[28,146525,234],{"class":42},[28,146527,2759],{"class":93},[28,146529,43],{"class":42},[28,146531,1831],{"class":46},[28,146533,234],{"class":42},[28,146535,3401],{"class":93},[28,146537,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146539,115],{"class":114},[28,146541,94],{"class":93},[28,146543,145688],{"class":114},[28,146545,94],{"class":93},[28,146547,5133],{"class":120},[28,146549,318],{"class":93},[14,146551,146552],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[18,146554,146556],{"className":20,"code":146555,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[25,146557,146558,146590,146618],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146559,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146561,3591],{"class":34},[28,146563,39],{"class":38},[28,146565,3388],{"class":93},[28,146567,234],{"class":42},[28,146569,2756],{"class":46},[28,146571,234],{"class":42},[28,146573,2759],{"class":93},[28,146575,43],{"class":42},[28,146577,1825],{"class":46},[28,146579,234],{"class":42},[28,146581,2759],{"class":93},[28,146583,43],{"class":42},[28,146585,1831],{"class":46},[28,146587,234],{"class":42},[28,146589,3401],{"class":93},[28,146591,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146593,40975],{"class":34},[28,146595,39],{"class":38},[28,146597,145618],{"class":114},[28,146599,94],{"class":93},[28,146601,372],{"class":89},[28,146603,94],{"class":93},[28,146605,1944],{"class":120},[28,146607,3428],{"class":93},[28,146609,3645],{"class":3644},[28,146611,3648],{"class":120},[28,146613,3651],{"class":3644},[28,146615,3654],{"class":120},[28,146617,101],{"class":93},[28,146619,146620,146622,146624,146626],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,146621,115],{"class":114},[28,146623,94],{"class":93},[28,146625,41004],{"class":120},[28,146627,101],{"class":93},[14,146629,336],{},[18,146631,146632],{"className":20,"code":2423,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,146633,146634],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146635,146636],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146637,2423],{"class":97},[14,146639,146640],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1109,146642,146644],{"id":146643},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146646,4297],{},[18,146648,146650],{"className":20,"code":146649,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[25,146651,146652,146680],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146653,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146655,3591],{"class":34},[28,146657,39],{"class":38},[28,146659,3388],{"class":93},[28,146661,2756],{"class":97},[28,146663,2759],{"class":93},[28,146665,2762],{"class":97},[28,146667,2759],{"class":93},[28,146669,43],{"class":42},[28,146671,1831],{"class":46},[28,146673,234],{"class":42},[28,146675,2759],{"class":93},[28,146677,2226],{"class":97},[28,146679,3401],{"class":93},[28,146681,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146683,115],{"class":114},[28,146685,94],{"class":93},[28,146687,145688],{"class":114},[28,146689,94],{"class":93},[28,146691,5133],{"class":120},[28,146693,318],{"class":93},[14,146695,146696],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[18,146698,146700],{"className":20,"code":146699,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[25,146701,146702,146730,146758],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146703,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146705,3591],{"class":34},[28,146707,39],{"class":38},[28,146709,3388],{"class":93},[28,146711,2756],{"class":97},[28,146713,2759],{"class":93},[28,146715,2762],{"class":97},[28,146717,2759],{"class":93},[28,146719,43],{"class":42},[28,146721,1831],{"class":46},[28,146723,234],{"class":42},[28,146725,2759],{"class":93},[28,146727,2226],{"class":97},[28,146729,3401],{"class":93},[28,146731,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146733,40975],{"class":34},[28,146735,39],{"class":38},[28,146737,145618],{"class":114},[28,146739,94],{"class":93},[28,146741,372],{"class":89},[28,146743,94],{"class":93},[28,146745,1944],{"class":120},[28,146747,3428],{"class":93},[28,146749,3645],{"class":3644},[28,146751,3648],{"class":120},[28,146753,3651],{"class":3644},[28,146755,3654],{"class":120},[28,146757,101],{"class":93},[28,146759,146760,146762,146764,146766],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,146761,115],{"class":114},[28,146763,94],{"class":93},[28,146765,41004],{"class":120},[28,146767,101],{"class":93},[14,146769,336],{},[18,146771,146772],{"className":20,"code":2145,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,146773,146774],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146775,146776],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146777,2145],{"class":97},[1109,146779,8194,146781,146783],{"id":146780},"using-sum-to-join-text",[25,146782,145565],{}," to join text",[14,146785,4297],{},[18,146787,146789],{"className":20,"code":146788,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[25,146790,146791,146847],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146792,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146794,35880],{"class":34},[28,146796,39],{"class":38},[28,146798,3388],{"class":93},[28,146800,234],{"class":42},[28,146802,133689],{"class":46},[28,146804,234],{"class":42},[28,146806,2759],{"class":93},[28,146808,43],{"class":42},[28,146810,11527],{"class":46},[28,146812,234],{"class":42},[28,146814,2759],{"class":93},[28,146816,43],{"class":42},[28,146818,63066],{"class":46},[28,146820,234],{"class":42},[28,146822,2759],{"class":93},[28,146824,43],{"class":42},[28,146826,60219],{"class":46},[28,146828,234],{"class":42},[28,146830,2759],{"class":93},[28,146832,43],{"class":42},[28,146834,60254],{"class":46},[28,146836,234],{"class":42},[28,146838,2759],{"class":93},[28,146840,43],{"class":42},[28,146842,75809],{"class":46},[28,146844,234],{"class":42},[28,146846,3401],{"class":93},[28,146848,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146850,115],{"class":114},[28,146852,94],{"class":93},[28,146854,145688],{"class":114},[28,146856,94],{"class":93},[28,146858,35933],{"class":120},[28,146860,318],{"class":93},[14,146862,1631,146863,60313],{},[25,146864,133013],{},[18,146866,146868],{"className":20,"code":146867,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[25,146869,146870,146926],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146871,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146873,35880],{"class":34},[28,146875,39],{"class":38},[28,146877,3388],{"class":93},[28,146879,234],{"class":42},[28,146881,133689],{"class":46},[28,146883,234],{"class":42},[28,146885,2759],{"class":93},[28,146887,43],{"class":42},[28,146889,11527],{"class":46},[28,146891,234],{"class":42},[28,146893,2759],{"class":93},[28,146895,43],{"class":42},[28,146897,63066],{"class":46},[28,146899,234],{"class":42},[28,146901,2759],{"class":93},[28,146903,43],{"class":42},[28,146905,60219],{"class":46},[28,146907,234],{"class":42},[28,146909,2759],{"class":93},[28,146911,43],{"class":42},[28,146913,60254],{"class":46},[28,146915,234],{"class":42},[28,146917,2759],{"class":93},[28,146919,43],{"class":42},[28,146921,75809],{"class":46},[28,146923,234],{"class":42},[28,146925,3401],{"class":93},[28,146927,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,146929,115],{"class":114},[28,146931,94],{"class":93},[28,146933,473],{"class":42},[28,146935,385],{"class":93},[28,146937,133090],{"class":120},[28,146939,94],{"class":93},[28,146941,35933],{"class":120},[28,146943,318],{"class":93},[14,146945,336],{},[18,146947,146948],{"className":20,"code":133770,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,146949,146950],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146951,146952],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146953,133770],{"class":34},[14,146955,146956,146957,385],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[381,146958,146959],{"href":134851},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[172,146961,146963,146965],{"id":146962},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[25,146964,145565],{}," vs manual loop",[14,146967,146968,146970],{},[25,146969,145565],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1109,146972,8194,146974],{"id":146973},"using-sum",[25,146975,145565],{},[18,146977,146979],{"className":20,"code":146978,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[25,146980,146981,147001,147015],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,146982,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,146984,3383],{"class":34},[28,146986,39],{"class":38},[28,146988,3388],{"class":93},[28,146990,2275],{"class":97},[28,146992,2759],{"class":93},[28,146994,5770],{"class":97},[28,146996,2759],{"class":93},[28,146998,53916],{"class":97},[28,147000,3401],{"class":93},[28,147002,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147004,40975],{"class":34},[28,147006,39],{"class":38},[28,147008,145618],{"class":114},[28,147010,94],{"class":93},[28,147012,3415],{"class":120},[28,147014,101],{"class":93},[28,147016,147017,147019,147021,147023],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147018,115],{"class":114},[28,147020,94],{"class":93},[28,147022,41004],{"class":120},[28,147024,101],{"class":93},[1109,147026,147028],{"id":147027},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[18,147030,147032],{"className":20,"code":147031,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[25,147033,147034,147054,147062,147066,147078,147086,147090],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147035,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147037,3383],{"class":34},[28,147039,39],{"class":38},[28,147041,3388],{"class":93},[28,147043,2275],{"class":97},[28,147045,2759],{"class":93},[28,147047,5770],{"class":97},[28,147049,2759],{"class":93},[28,147051,53916],{"class":97},[28,147053,3401],{"class":93},[28,147055,147056,147058,147060],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147057,40975],{"class":34},[28,147059,39],{"class":38},[28,147061,38305],{"class":97},[28,147063,147064],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147065,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,147067,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,147069,5734],{"class":3644},[28,147071,6163],{"class":34},[28,147073,3651],{"class":3644},[28,147075,4034],{"class":34},[28,147077,6170],{"class":93},[28,147079,147080,147082,147084],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,147081,89879],{"class":34},[28,147083,89882],{"class":38},[28,147085,89885],{"class":34},[28,147087,147088],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,147089,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,147091,147092,147094,147096,147098],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,147093,115],{"class":114},[28,147095,94],{"class":93},[28,147097,41004],{"class":120},[28,147099,101],{"class":93},[14,147101,147102],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147104,2258,147105,147107],{},[25,147106,145565],{}," is often better:",[177,147109,147110,147113,147116],{},[180,147111,147112],{},"Shorter code",[180,147114,147115],{},"Easier to read",[180,147117,147118],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147120,147121],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[177,147123,147124,147127,147130],{},[180,147125,147126],{},"You need to skip some values",[180,147128,147129],{},"You need extra checks",[180,147131,147132],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147134,147135,147136,147139,147140,147142],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[381,147137,147138],{"href":39801},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[25,147141,145565],{}," on the filtered result.",[172,147144,1104],{"id":1103},[14,147146,147147,147148,271],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[25,147149,145565],{},[177,147151,147152,147158,147165,147172],{},[180,147153,147154,147155],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[25,147156,147157],{},"sum(5)",[180,147159,147160,147161,147164],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[25,147162,147163],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[180,147166,8194,147167,147169,147170],{},[25,147168,145565],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[25,147171,133013],{},[180,147173,147174],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147176,8653,147177,147179],{},[25,147178,145565],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[18,147181,147183],{"className":20,"code":147182,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[25,147184,147185,147195,147209,147233],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147186,147187,147189,147191,147193],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147188,115],{"class":114},[28,147190,94],{"class":93},[28,147192,5133],{"class":120},[28,147194,101],{"class":93},[28,147196,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147198,115],{"class":114},[28,147200,94],{"class":93},[28,147202,311],{"class":89},[28,147204,94],{"class":93},[28,147206,5133],{"class":120},[28,147208,318],{"class":93},[28,147210,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147212,115],{"class":114},[28,147214,2753],{"class":93},[28,147216,311],{"class":89},[28,147218,94],{"class":93},[28,147220,1944],{"class":120},[28,147222,3428],{"class":93},[28,147224,3645],{"class":3644},[28,147226,3648],{"class":120},[28,147228,3651],{"class":3644},[28,147230,3654],{"class":120},[28,147232,3657],{"class":93},[28,147234,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,147236,115],{"class":114},[28,147238,94],{"class":93},[28,147240,145688],{"class":114},[28,147242,2753],{"class":93},[28,147244,372],{"class":89},[28,147246,94],{"class":93},[28,147248,1944],{"class":120},[28,147250,3428],{"class":93},[28,147252,3645],{"class":3644},[28,147254,3648],{"class":120},[28,147256,3651],{"class":3644},[28,147258,3654],{"class":120},[28,147260,2769],{"class":93},[14,147262,135584],{},[177,147264,147265,147271,147277,147282],{},[180,147266,147267,147270],{},[25,147268,147269],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[180,147272,147273,147276],{},[25,147274,147275],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[180,147278,147279,135606],{},[25,147280,147281],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[180,147283,147284,147287],{},[25,147285,147286],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[172,147289,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,147291,4915,147293,4918],{"id":147292},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[25,147294,145565],{},[14,147296,147297],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1109,147299,4943,147301,147303],{"id":147300},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[25,147302,145565],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147305,30060,147306,474,147309,147312],{},[25,147307,147308],{},"''.join(...)",[25,147310,147311],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1109,147314,4943,147316,147318],{"id":147315},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[25,147317,145565],{}," work with floats?",[14,147320,147321],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1109,147323,147325,147326,2262],{"id":147324},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[25,147327,145565],{},[14,147329,147330,147331,147333],{},"It is the optional ",[25,147332,35862],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1109,147335,4931,147337,119161,147339,2262],{"id":147336},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[25,147338,145565],{},[25,147340,2775],{},[14,147342,147343],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[172,147345,1662],{"id":1661},[177,147347,147348,147352,147358,147364,147370,147374,147378],{},[180,147349,147350],{},[381,147351,146048],{"href":2188},[180,147353,147354],{},[381,147355,858,147356,861],{"href":35985},[25,147357,35988],{},[180,147359,147360],{},[381,147361,858,147362,861],{"href":42148},[25,147363,42151],{},[180,147365,147366],{},[381,147367,858,147368,861],{"href":857},[25,147369,169],{},[180,147371,147372],{},[381,147373,4995],{"href":39801},[180,147375,147376],{},[381,147377,3291],{"href":2729},[180,147379,147380],{},[381,147381,146959],{"href":134851},[1699,147383,147384],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":147386},[147387,147388,147390,147391,147392,147394,147402,147408,147415,147421,147422,147434],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":145644,"depth":53,"text":147389},"What sum() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":145822,"depth":53,"text":147393},"Using the start value",{"id":145924,"depth":53,"text":147395,"children":147396},"What sum() can work with",[147397,147398,147399,147401],{"id":40216,"depth":70,"text":40217},{"id":51825,"depth":70,"text":145990},{"id":146051,"depth":70,"text":147400},"Values from range()",{"id":146099,"depth":70,"text":146100},{"id":146173,"depth":53,"text":147403,"children":147404},"What sum() does not work with",[147405,147406,147407],{"id":146184,"depth":70,"text":146185},{"id":146301,"depth":70,"text":146302},{"id":146359,"depth":70,"text":146360},{"id":41296,"depth":53,"text":41297,"children":147409},[147410,147411,147412,147413],{"id":6298,"depth":70,"text":6299},{"id":146495,"depth":70,"text":146496},{"id":146643,"depth":70,"text":146644},{"id":146780,"depth":70,"text":147414},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146962,"depth":53,"text":147416,"children":147417},"sum() vs manual loop",[147418,147420],{"id":146973,"depth":70,"text":147419},"Using sum()",{"id":147027,"depth":70,"text":147028},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":147423},[147424,147426,147428,147430,147432],{"id":147292,"depth":70,"text":147425},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147300,"depth":70,"text":147427},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147315,"depth":70,"text":147429},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147324,"depth":70,"text":147431},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147336,"depth":70,"text":147433},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145557,"description":147435},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147442,"title":147443,"body":147444,"description":148846,"extension":1730,"meta":148847,"navigation":107,"path":148848,"seo":148849,"stem":148850,"__hash__":148851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147445,"toc":148814},[147446,147452,147458,147461,147524,147530,147535,147539,147556,147570,147574,147594,147608,147610,147703,147705,147719,147721,147724,147813,147815,147823,147832,147834,147838,147859,147861,147953,147955,147976,147978,147982,147996,147998,148072,148074,148093,148097,148100,148123,148125,148236,148243,148251,148253,148259,148262,148305,148308,148331,148339,148343,148418,148424,148449,148456,148459,148462,148466,148471,148559,148567,148571,148574,148599,148603,148664,148668,148717,148727,148729,148734,148737,148743,148746,148750,148754,148760,148763,148771,148779,148781,148811],[10,147447,147449,147450,11102],{"id":147448},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[25,147451,57070],{},[14,147453,147454,147457],{},[25,147455,147456],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147459,147460],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[18,147462,147464],{"className":20,"code":147463,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[25,147465,147466,147494,147512],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147467,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147469,3383],{"class":34},[28,147471,39],{"class":38},[28,147473,9015],{"class":93},[28,147475,2756],{"class":97},[28,147477,2759],{"class":93},[28,147479,2762],{"class":97},[28,147481,2759],{"class":93},[28,147483,2762],{"class":97},[28,147485,2759],{"class":93},[28,147487,2221],{"class":97},[28,147489,2759],{"class":93},[28,147491,2762],{"class":97},[28,147493,101],{"class":93},[28,147495,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147497,1999],{"class":34},[28,147499,39],{"class":38},[28,147501,4034],{"class":34},[28,147503,385],{"class":93},[28,147505,41052],{"class":120},[28,147507,94],{"class":93},[28,147509,1825],{"class":97},[28,147511,101],{"class":93},[28,147513,147514,147516,147518,147520,147522],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147515,115],{"class":114},[28,147517,94],{"class":93},[28,147519,2033],{"class":120},[28,147521,3428],{"class":93},[28,147523,50550],{"class":1006},[14,147525,1631,147526,147529],{},[25,147527,147528],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[172,147531,3445,147533,3448],{"id":147532},"what-tuplecount-does",[25,147534,147456],{},[14,147536,147537,271],{},[25,147538,147528],{},[177,147540,147541,147547,147550,147553],{},[180,147542,147543,147544,147546],{},"Returns the number of times ",[25,147545,2242],{}," appears in the tuple",[180,147548,147549],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[180,147551,147552],{},"Returns an integer",[180,147554,147555],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147557,147558,147559,147561,147562,474,147566,385],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[25,147560,57070],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[381,147563,147565],{"href":147564},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[381,147567,147569],{"href":147568},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[172,147571,147573],{"id":147572},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[18,147575,147577],{"className":20,"code":147576,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[25,147578,147579],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147580,147581,147584,147586,147588,147590,147592],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147582,147583],{"class":34},"my_tuple",[28,147585,385],{"class":93},[28,147587,41052],{"class":120},[28,147589,94],{"class":93},[28,147591,2242],{"class":120},[28,147593,101],{"class":93},[177,147595,147596,147600,147603],{},[180,147597,147598,57235],{},[25,147599,2242],{},[180,147601,147602],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[180,147604,147605,147606],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[25,147607,1888],{},[1109,147609,102876],{"id":102875},[18,147611,147613],{"className":20,"code":147612,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[25,147614,147615,147655,147679],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147616,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147618,12860],{"class":34},[28,147620,39],{"class":38},[28,147622,9015],{"class":93},[28,147624,234],{"class":42},[28,147626,12877],{"class":46},[28,147628,234],{"class":42},[28,147630,2759],{"class":93},[28,147632,43],{"class":42},[28,147634,12894],{"class":46},[28,147636,234],{"class":42},[28,147638,2759],{"class":93},[28,147640,43],{"class":42},[28,147642,12877],{"class":46},[28,147644,234],{"class":42},[28,147646,2759],{"class":93},[28,147648,43],{"class":42},[28,147650,17242],{"class":46},[28,147652,234],{"class":42},[28,147654,101],{"class":93},[28,147656,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147658,115],{"class":114},[28,147660,94],{"class":93},[28,147662,17289],{"class":120},[28,147664,385],{"class":93},[28,147666,41052],{"class":120},[28,147668,94],{"class":93},[28,147670,234],{"class":42},[28,147672,12877],{"class":46},[28,147674,234],{"class":42},[28,147676,5136],{"class":93},[28,147678,57425],{"class":1006},[28,147680,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147682,115],{"class":114},[28,147684,94],{"class":93},[28,147686,17289],{"class":120},[28,147688,385],{"class":93},[28,147690,41052],{"class":120},[28,147692,94],{"class":93},[28,147694,234],{"class":42},[28,147696,22311],{"class":46},[28,147698,234],{"class":42},[28,147700,5136],{"class":93},[28,147702,51026],{"class":1006},[14,147704,19745],{},[177,147706,147707,147712],{},[180,147708,147709,147711],{},[25,147710,65171],{}," appears 2 times",[180,147713,147714,147716,147717],{},[25,147715,109572],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[25,147718,1888],{},[172,147720,11256],{"id":11255},[14,147722,147723],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[18,147725,147727],{"className":20,"code":147726,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[25,147728,147729,147777,147781,147803],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147730,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147732,36029],{"class":34},[28,147734,39],{"class":38},[28,147736,9015],{"class":93},[28,147738,234],{"class":42},[28,147740,3849],{"class":46},[28,147742,234],{"class":42},[28,147744,2759],{"class":93},[28,147746,43],{"class":42},[28,147748,3858],{"class":46},[28,147750,234],{"class":42},[28,147752,2759],{"class":93},[28,147754,43],{"class":42},[28,147756,3849],{"class":46},[28,147758,234],{"class":42},[28,147760,2759],{"class":93},[28,147762,43],{"class":42},[28,147764,33012],{"class":46},[28,147766,234],{"class":42},[28,147768,2759],{"class":93},[28,147770,43],{"class":42},[28,147772,3849],{"class":46},[28,147774,234],{"class":42},[28,147776,101],{"class":93},[28,147778,147779],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147780,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,147782,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147784,1999],{"class":34},[28,147786,39],{"class":38},[28,147788,52631],{"class":34},[28,147790,385],{"class":93},[28,147792,41052],{"class":120},[28,147794,94],{"class":93},[28,147796,234],{"class":42},[28,147798,3849],{"class":46},[28,147800,234],{"class":42},[28,147802,101],{"class":93},[28,147804,147805,147807,147809,147811],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,147806,115],{"class":114},[28,147808,94],{"class":93},[28,147810,2033],{"class":120},[28,147812,101],{"class":93},[14,147814,336],{},[18,147816,147817],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,147818,147819],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147820,147821],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147822,46400],{"class":97},[14,147824,147825,147827,147828,2166,147830,385],{},[25,147826,57613],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[25,147829,57070],{},[25,147831,1831],{},[172,147833,37812],{"id":37811},[14,147835,57324,147836,128319],{},[25,147837,57070],{},[177,147839,147840,147845,147850,147853],{},[180,147841,11204,147842,147844],{},[25,147843,1888],{}," when the value does not exist",[180,147846,11204,147847,147849],{},[25,147848,2756],{}," when the value appears once",[180,147851,147852],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[180,147854,147855,147856,147858],{},"The result can be used in ",[25,147857,6773],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,147860,924],{},[18,147862,147864],{"className":20,"code":147863,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[25,147865,147866,147907,147911,147938],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147867,147868,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147869,147870],{"class":34},"answers ",[28,147872,39],{"class":38},[28,147874,9015],{"class":93},[28,147876,234],{"class":42},[28,147878,8435],{"class":46},[28,147880,234],{"class":42},[28,147882,2759],{"class":93},[28,147884,43],{"class":42},[28,147886,8375],{"class":46},[28,147888,234],{"class":42},[28,147890,2759],{"class":93},[28,147892,43],{"class":42},[28,147894,8435],{"class":46},[28,147896,234],{"class":42},[28,147898,2759],{"class":93},[28,147900,43],{"class":42},[28,147902,8435],{"class":46},[28,147904,234],{"class":42},[28,147906,101],{"class":93},[28,147908,147909],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,147910,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,147912,147913,147915,147918,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,147914,6773],{"class":3644},[28,147916,147917],{"class":34}," answers",[28,147919,385],{"class":93},[28,147921,41052],{"class":120},[28,147923,94],{"class":93},[28,147925,234],{"class":42},[28,147927,8435],{"class":46},[28,147929,234],{"class":42},[28,147931,3428],{"class":93},[28,147933,38188],{"class":38},[28,147935,5273],{"class":97},[28,147937,6170],{"class":93},[28,147939,147940,147942,147944,147946,147949,147951],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,147941,7844],{"class":114},[28,147943,94],{"class":93},[28,147945,234],{"class":42},[28,147947,147948],{"class":46},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[28,147950,234],{"class":42},[28,147952,101],{"class":93},[14,147954,336],{},[18,147956,147958],{"className":20,"code":147957,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[25,147959,147960],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,147961,147962,147965,147967,147969,147971,147974],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,147963,147964],{"class":34},"The answer ",[28,147966,358],{"class":42},[28,147968,8435],{"class":46},[28,147970,358],{"class":42},[28,147972,147973],{"class":34}," appears more than once",[28,147975,122155],{"class":93},[172,147977,40838],{"id":40837},[14,147979,35194,147980,104339],{},[25,147981,147456],{},[177,147983,147984,147987,147990,147993],{},[180,147985,147986],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[180,147988,147989],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[180,147991,147992],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[180,147994,147995],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,147997,924],{},[18,147999,148001],{"className":20,"code":148000,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[25,148002,148003,148031,148035,148057],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148004,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148006,4836],{"class":34},[28,148008,39],{"class":38},[28,148010,9015],{"class":93},[28,148012,2099],{"class":97},[28,148014,2759],{"class":93},[28,148016,7566],{"class":97},[28,148018,2759],{"class":93},[28,148020,5781],{"class":97},[28,148022,2759],{"class":93},[28,148024,7571],{"class":97},[28,148026,2759],{"class":93},[28,148028,5781],{"class":97},[28,148030,101],{"class":93},[28,148032,148033],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148034,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,148036,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,148038,6773],{"class":3644},[28,148040,4883],{"class":34},[28,148042,385],{"class":93},[28,148044,41052],{"class":120},[28,148046,94],{"class":93},[28,148048,2099],{"class":97},[28,148050,3428],{"class":93},[28,148052,51067],{"class":38},[28,148054,2762],{"class":97},[28,148056,6170],{"class":93},[28,148058,148059,148061,148063,148065,148068,148070],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,148060,7844],{"class":114},[28,148062,94],{"class":93},[28,148064,234],{"class":42},[28,148066,148067],{"class":46},"The score 10 is repeated.",[28,148069,234],{"class":42},[28,148071,101],{"class":93},[14,148073,336],{},[18,148075,148077],{"className":20,"code":148076,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[25,148078,148079],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148080,148081,148084,148086,148088,148091],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148082,148083],{"class":34},"The score ",[28,148085,2099],{"class":97},[28,148087,7872],{"class":38},[28,148089,148090],{"class":34}," repeated",[28,148092,122155],{"class":93},[172,148094,148096],{"id":148095},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148098,148099],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[177,148101,148102,148108,148113,148116],{},[180,148103,148104,148105,148107],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[25,148106,57070],{}," still works because it only reads data",[180,148109,148110,148112],{},[25,148111,57070],{}," counts exact matches",[180,148114,148115],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[180,148117,148118,1323,148120,148122],{},[25,148119,2756],{},[25,148121,41949],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148124,924],{},[18,148126,148128],{"className":20,"code":148127,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[25,148129,148130,148164,148168,148188,148212],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148131,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148145,148147,148149,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148133,3591],{"class":34},[28,148135,39],{"class":38},[28,148137,9015],{"class":93},[28,148139,2756],{"class":97},[28,148141,2759],{"class":93},[28,148143,148144],{"class":97}," 1.0",[28,148146,2759],{"class":93},[28,148148,43],{"class":42},[28,148150,148151],{"class":46},"Cat",[28,148153,234],{"class":42},[28,148155,2759],{"class":93},[28,148157,43],{"class":42},[28,148159,36838],{"class":46},[28,148161,234],{"class":42},[28,148163,101],{"class":93},[28,148165,148166],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148167,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,148169,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,148171,115],{"class":114},[28,148173,94],{"class":93},[28,148175,5133],{"class":120},[28,148177,385],{"class":93},[28,148179,41052],{"class":120},[28,148181,94],{"class":93},[28,148183,2756],{"class":97},[28,148185,5136],{"class":93},[28,148187,50873],{"class":1006},[28,148189,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,148191,115],{"class":114},[28,148193,94],{"class":93},[28,148195,5133],{"class":120},[28,148197,385],{"class":93},[28,148199,41052],{"class":120},[28,148201,94],{"class":93},[28,148203,234],{"class":42},[28,148205,148151],{"class":46},[28,148207,234],{"class":42},[28,148209,5136],{"class":93},[28,148211,27569],{"class":1006},[28,148213,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,148215,115],{"class":114},[28,148217,94],{"class":93},[28,148219,5133],{"class":120},[28,148221,385],{"class":93},[28,148223,41052],{"class":120},[28,148225,94],{"class":93},[28,148227,234],{"class":42},[28,148229,36838],{"class":46},[28,148231,234],{"class":42},[28,148233,5136],{"class":93},[28,148235,27569],{"class":1006},[14,148237,4931,148238,4934,148241,2262],{},[25,148239,148240],{},"values.count(1)",[25,148242,1825],{},[14,148244,8563,148245,4556,148248,148250],{},[25,148246,148247],{},"1 == 1.0",[25,148249,777],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[172,148252,1104],{"id":1103},[1109,148254,8194,148256,148258],{"id":148255},"using-count-without-parentheses",[25,148257,41052],{}," without parentheses",[14,148260,148261],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[18,148263,148265],{"className":20,"code":148264,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[25,148266,148267,148291],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148268,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148270,3383],{"class":34},[28,148272,39],{"class":38},[28,148274,9015],{"class":93},[28,148276,2756],{"class":97},[28,148278,2759],{"class":93},[28,148280,2762],{"class":97},[28,148282,2759],{"class":93},[28,148284,2762],{"class":97},[28,148286,2759],{"class":93},[28,148288,2221],{"class":97},[28,148290,101],{"class":93},[28,148292,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148294,115],{"class":114},[28,148296,94],{"class":93},[28,148298,3415],{"class":120},[28,148300,385],{"class":93},[28,148302,41052],{"class":24538},[28,148304,101],{"class":93},[14,148306,148307],{},"To call the method correctly:",[18,148309,148311],{"className":20,"code":148310,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[25,148312,148313],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148314,148315,148317,148319,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148316,115],{"class":114},[28,148318,94],{"class":93},[28,148320,3415],{"class":120},[28,148322,385],{"class":93},[28,148324,41052],{"class":120},[28,148326,94],{"class":93},[28,148328,1825],{"class":97},[28,148330,318],{"class":93},[1109,148332,8230,148333,8233,148335,474,148337],{"id":58373},[25,148334,57070],{},[25,148336,777],{},[25,148338,3441],{},[14,148340,148341,58384],{},[25,148342,57070],{},[18,148344,148346],{"className":20,"code":148345,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[25,148347,148348,148380,148402,148406],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148349,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148351,35880],{"class":34},[28,148353,39],{"class":38},[28,148355,9015],{"class":93},[28,148357,234],{"class":42},[28,148359,381],{"class":46},[28,148361,234],{"class":42},[28,148363,2759],{"class":93},[28,148365,43],{"class":42},[28,148367,4533],{"class":46},[28,148369,234],{"class":42},[28,148371,2759],{"class":93},[28,148373,43],{"class":42},[28,148375,381],{"class":46},[28,148377,234],{"class":42},[28,148379,101],{"class":93},[28,148381,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148383,1999],{"class":34},[28,148385,39],{"class":38},[28,148387,69875],{"class":34},[28,148389,385],{"class":93},[28,148391,41052],{"class":120},[28,148393,94],{"class":93},[28,148395,234],{"class":42},[28,148397,381],{"class":46},[28,148399,234],{"class":42},[28,148401,101],{"class":93},[28,148403,148404],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,148405,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,148407,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,148409,115],{"class":114},[28,148411,94],{"class":93},[28,148413,2033],{"class":120},[28,148415,3428],{"class":93},[28,148417,51194],{"class":1006},[14,148419,148420,148421,148423],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[25,148422,3651],{}," is often simpler:",[18,148425,148427],{"className":20,"code":148426,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[25,148428,148429],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148430,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148432,115],{"class":114},[28,148434,94],{"class":93},[28,148436,234],{"class":42},[28,148438,381],{"class":46},[28,148440,234],{"class":42},[28,148442,20961],{"class":3644},[28,148444,69875],{"class":120},[28,148446,3428],{"class":93},[28,148448,3431],{"class":1006},[1109,148450,36995,148452,8482,148454],{"id":148451},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[25,148453,147456],{},[25,148455,57075],{},[14,148457,148458],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148460,148461],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1109,148463,148465],{"id":148464},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148467,148468,148470],{},[25,148469,57070],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[18,148472,148474],{"className":20,"code":148473,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[25,148475,148476,148509,148535],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148477,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148479,3840],{"class":34},[28,148481,39],{"class":38},[28,148483,9015],{"class":93},[28,148485,234],{"class":42},[28,148487,3849],{"class":46},[28,148489,234],{"class":42},[28,148491,2759],{"class":93},[28,148493,43],{"class":42},[28,148495,148496],{"class":46},"pineapple",[28,148498,234],{"class":42},[28,148500,2759],{"class":93},[28,148502,43],{"class":42},[28,148504,3849],{"class":46},[28,148506,234],{"class":42},[28,148508,101],{"class":93},[28,148510,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148528,148530,148532],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148512,115],{"class":114},[28,148514,94],{"class":93},[28,148516,3884],{"class":120},[28,148518,385],{"class":93},[28,148520,41052],{"class":120},[28,148522,94],{"class":93},[28,148524,234],{"class":42},[28,148526,148527],{"class":46},"app",[28,148529,234],{"class":42},[28,148531,5136],{"class":93},[28,148533,148534],{"class":1006},"    # 0\n",[28,148536,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,148538,115],{"class":114},[28,148540,94],{"class":93},[28,148542,3884],{"class":120},[28,148544,385],{"class":93},[28,148546,41052],{"class":120},[28,148548,94],{"class":93},[28,148550,234],{"class":42},[28,148552,3849],{"class":46},[28,148554,234],{"class":42},[28,148556,5136],{"class":93},[28,148558,51194],{"class":1006},[14,148560,148561,148564,148565,385],{},[25,148562,148563],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[25,148566,1888],{},[172,148568,148570],{"id":148569},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148572,148573],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[177,148575,148576,148581,148590,148596],{},[180,148577,1631,148578,148580],{},[25,148579,3651],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[180,148582,1631,148583,148589],{},[381,148584,148586,148587],{"href":148585},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[25,148588,58748],{}," to find the position of a value",[180,148591,1631,148592,148595],{},[25,148593,148594],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[180,148597,148598],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148600,45827,148601,271],{},[25,148602,3651],{},[18,148604,148606],{"className":20,"code":148605,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[25,148607,148608,148628,148632,148648],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148609,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148611,3383],{"class":34},[28,148613,39],{"class":38},[28,148615,9015],{"class":93},[28,148617,2275],{"class":97},[28,148619,2759],{"class":93},[28,148621,5770],{"class":97},[28,148623,2759],{"class":93},[28,148625,53916],{"class":97},[28,148627,101],{"class":93},[28,148629,148630],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148631,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,148633,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,148635,115],{"class":114},[28,148637,94],{"class":93},[28,148639,1793],{"class":97},[28,148641,20961],{"class":3644},[28,148643,4034],{"class":120},[28,148645,3428],{"class":93},[28,148647,43643],{"class":1006},[28,148649,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,148651,115],{"class":114},[28,148653,94],{"class":93},[28,148655,1905],{"class":97},[28,148657,20961],{"class":3644},[28,148659,4034],{"class":120},[28,148661,3428],{"class":93},[28,148663,43660],{"class":1006},[14,148665,45827,148666,271],{},[25,148667,58748],{},[18,148669,148671],{"className":20,"code":148670,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[25,148672,148673,148697],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148674,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148676,3383],{"class":34},[28,148678,39],{"class":38},[28,148680,9015],{"class":93},[28,148682,2275],{"class":97},[28,148684,2759],{"class":93},[28,148686,5770],{"class":97},[28,148688,2759],{"class":93},[28,148690,53916],{"class":97},[28,148692,2759],{"class":93},[28,148694,5770],{"class":97},[28,148696,101],{"class":93},[28,148698,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148700,115],{"class":114},[28,148702,94],{"class":93},[28,148704,3415],{"class":120},[28,148706,385],{"class":93},[28,148708,35635],{"class":120},[28,148710,94],{"class":93},[28,148712,1793],{"class":97},[28,148714,5136],{"class":93},[28,148716,27569],{"class":1006},[14,148718,148719,148721,148722,148724,148726],{},[25,148720,57070],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9625,148723],{},[25,148725,58748],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[172,148728,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,148730,4915,148732,4918],{"id":148731},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[25,148733,147456],{},[14,148735,148736],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1109,148738,12487,148740,148742],{"id":148739},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[25,148741,147456],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148744,148745],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1109,148747,148749],{"id":148748},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148751,11693,148752,385],{},[25,148753,1888],{},[1109,148755,4943,148757,148759],{"id":148756},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[25,148758,147456],{}," count strings?",[14,148761,148762],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1109,148764,4953,148766,1323,148768,2262],{"id":148765},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[25,148767,147456],{},[25,148769,148770],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148772,148773,148775,148776,148778],{},[25,148774,57070],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[25,148777,58748],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[172,148780,1662],{"id":1661},[177,148782,148783,148787,148792,148799,148807],{},[180,148784,148785],{},[381,148786,147565],{"href":147564},[180,148788,148789],{},[381,148790,148791],{"href":147568},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[180,148793,148794],{},[381,148795,148796,148797,1689],{"href":148585},"Python tuple ",[25,148798,58748],{},[180,148800,148801],{},[381,148802,148804,148805],{"href":148803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[25,148806,42151],{},[180,148808,148809],{},[381,148810,58736],{"href":58735},[1699,148812,148813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":148815},[148816,148818,148821,148822,148823,148824,148825,148833,148834,148845],{"id":147532,"depth":53,"text":148817},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147572,"depth":53,"text":147573,"children":148819},[148820],{"id":102875,"depth":70,"text":102876},{"id":11255,"depth":53,"text":11256},{"id":37811,"depth":53,"text":37812},{"id":40837,"depth":53,"text":40838},{"id":148095,"depth":53,"text":148096},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":148826},[148827,148829,148830,148832],{"id":148255,"depth":70,"text":148828},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58373,"depth":70,"text":58789},{"id":148451,"depth":70,"text":148831},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148464,"depth":70,"text":148465},{"id":148569,"depth":53,"text":148570},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":148835},[148836,148838,148840,148841,148843],{"id":148731,"depth":70,"text":148837},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148739,"depth":70,"text":148839},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148748,"depth":70,"text":148749},{"id":148756,"depth":70,"text":148842},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148765,"depth":70,"text":148844},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147443,"description":148846},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148853,"title":148854,"body":148855,"description":150542,"extension":1730,"meta":150543,"navigation":107,"path":150544,"seo":150545,"stem":150546,"__hash__":150547},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148856,"toc":150505},[148857,148860,148863,148872,148874,149004,149006,149067,149073,149075,149095,149099,149102,149105,149140,149142,149163,149166,149205,149207,149232,149239,149243,149246,149283,149285,149308,149311,149314,149326,149332,149336,149339,149345,149386,149388,149411,149414,149455,149457,149484,149486,149503,149505,149522,149525,149529,149532,149534,149568,149570,149617,149621,149660,149664,149667,149724,149726,149767,149773,149779,149784,149786,149823,149825,149845,149847,149880,149882,149915,149918,149922,149955,149957,149982,149985,149987,150001,150008,150010,150013,150017,150020,150055,150058,150093,150097,150100,150139,150142,150181,150185,150187,150217,150220,150227,150229,150261,150264,150296,150299,150330,150332,150349,150353,150356,150420,150422,150426,150433,150437,150440,150444,150447,150451,150454,150459,150465,150467,150502],[10,148858,148854],{"id":148859},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,148861,148862],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,148864,148865,148866,474,148870,385],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[381,148867,148869],{"href":148868},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[381,148871,147565],{"href":147564},[172,148873,1771],{"id":1770},[18,148875,148877],{"className":20,"code":148876,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[25,148878,148879,148899,148908,148922,148958,148962,148972,148982,148993],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,148880,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,148882,3383],{"class":34},[28,148884,39],{"class":38},[28,148886,9015],{"class":93},[28,148888,2756],{"class":97},[28,148890,2759],{"class":93},[28,148892,2762],{"class":97},[28,148894,2759],{"class":93},[28,148896,2221],{"class":97},[28,148898,101],{"class":93},[28,148900,148901,148903,148905],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,148902,73],{"class":34},[28,148904,39],{"class":38},[28,148906,148907],{"class":93}," ()\n",[28,148909,148910,148913,148915,148917,148919],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,148911,148912],{"class":34},"one_item ",[28,148914,39],{"class":38},[28,148916,9015],{"class":93},[28,148918,1905],{"class":97},[28,148920,148921],{"class":93},",)\n",[28,148923,148924,148927,148929,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,148925,148926],{"class":34},"from_list ",[28,148928,39],{"class":38},[28,148930,148931],{"class":89}," tuple",[28,148933,2753],{"class":93},[28,148935,234],{"class":42},[28,148937,381],{"class":46},[28,148939,234],{"class":42},[28,148941,2759],{"class":93},[28,148943,43],{"class":42},[28,148945,4533],{"class":46},[28,148947,234],{"class":42},[28,148949,2759],{"class":93},[28,148951,43],{"class":42},[28,148953,9518],{"class":46},[28,148955,234],{"class":42},[28,148957,3657],{"class":93},[28,148959,148960],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,148961,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,148963,148964,148966,148968,148970],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,148965,115],{"class":114},[28,148967,94],{"class":93},[28,148969,3415],{"class":120},[28,148971,101],{"class":93},[28,148973,148974,148976,148978,148980],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,148975,115],{"class":114},[28,148977,94],{"class":93},[28,148979,145],{"class":120},[28,148981,101],{"class":93},[28,148983,148984,148986,148988,148991],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,148985,115],{"class":114},[28,148987,94],{"class":93},[28,148989,148990],{"class":120},"one_item",[28,148992,101],{"class":93},[28,148994,148995,148997,148999,149002],{"class":30,"line":150},[28,148996,115],{"class":114},[28,148998,94],{"class":93},[28,149000,149001],{"class":120},"from_list",[28,149003,101],{"class":93},[14,149005,336],{},[18,149007,149009],{"className":20,"code":149008,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[25,149010,149011,149027,149031,149039],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149012,149013,149015,149017,149019,149021,149023,149025],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149014,94],{"class":93},[28,149016,2756],{"class":97},[28,149018,2759],{"class":93},[28,149020,2762],{"class":97},[28,149022,2759],{"class":93},[28,149024,2221],{"class":97},[28,149026,101],{"class":93},[28,149028,149029],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149030,8420],{"class":93},[28,149032,149033,149035,149037],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,149034,94],{"class":93},[28,149036,1905],{"class":97},[28,149038,148921],{"class":93},[28,149040,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,149042,94],{"class":93},[28,149044,358],{"class":42},[28,149046,381],{"class":46},[28,149048,358],{"class":42},[28,149050,2759],{"class":93},[28,149052,61],{"class":42},[28,149054,4533],{"class":46},[28,149056,358],{"class":42},[28,149058,2759],{"class":93},[28,149060,61],{"class":42},[28,149062,9518],{"class":46},[28,149064,358],{"class":42},[28,149066,101],{"class":93},[14,149068,149069,149070,385],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[25,149071,149072],{},"(5,)",[172,149074,175],{"id":174},[177,149076,149077,149080,149083,149086,149089,149092],{},[180,149078,149079],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[180,149081,149082],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[180,149084,149085],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[180,149087,149088],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[180,149090,149091],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[180,149093,149094],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[172,149096,149098],{"id":149097},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149100,149101],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149103,149104],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[18,149106,149108],{"className":20,"code":149107,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,149109,149110,149130],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149111,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149113,3383],{"class":34},[28,149115,39],{"class":38},[28,149117,9015],{"class":93},[28,149119,2756],{"class":97},[28,149121,2759],{"class":93},[28,149123,2762],{"class":97},[28,149125,2759],{"class":93},[28,149127,2221],{"class":97},[28,149129,101],{"class":93},[28,149131,149132,149134,149136,149138],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149133,115],{"class":114},[28,149135,94],{"class":93},[28,149137,3415],{"class":120},[28,149139,101],{"class":93},[14,149141,336],{},[18,149143,149145],{"className":20,"code":149144,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[25,149146,149147],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149148,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149150,94],{"class":93},[28,149152,2756],{"class":97},[28,149154,2759],{"class":93},[28,149156,2762],{"class":97},[28,149158,2759],{"class":93},[28,149160,2221],{"class":97},[28,149162,101],{"class":93},[14,149164,149165],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[18,149167,149169],{"className":20,"code":149168,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[25,149170,149171,149195],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149172,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149174,8944],{"class":34},[28,149176,39],{"class":38},[28,149178,9015],{"class":93},[28,149180,2756],{"class":97},[28,149182,2759],{"class":93},[28,149184,43],{"class":42},[28,149186,3849],{"class":46},[28,149188,234],{"class":42},[28,149190,2759],{"class":93},[28,149192,3685],{"class":776},[28,149194,101],{"class":93},[28,149196,149197,149199,149201,149203],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149198,115],{"class":114},[28,149200,94],{"class":93},[28,149202,8983],{"class":120},[28,149204,101],{"class":93},[14,149206,336],{},[18,149208,149210],{"className":20,"code":149209,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[25,149211,149212],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149213,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149215,94],{"class":93},[28,149217,2756],{"class":97},[28,149219,2759],{"class":93},[28,149221,61],{"class":42},[28,149223,3849],{"class":46},[28,149225,358],{"class":42},[28,149227,2759],{"class":93},[28,149229,3685],{"class":776},[28,149231,101],{"class":93},[14,149233,149234,149235,385],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[381,149236,149238],{"href":149237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[172,149240,149242],{"id":149241},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149244,149245],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[18,149247,149249],{"className":20,"code":149248,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[25,149250,149251,149259,149269],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149252,149253,149255,149257],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149254,73],{"class":34},[28,149256,39],{"class":38},[28,149258,148907],{"class":93},[28,149260,149261,149263,149265,149267],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149262,115],{"class":114},[28,149264,94],{"class":93},[28,149266,145],{"class":120},[28,149268,101],{"class":93},[28,149270,149271,149273,149275,149277,149279,149281],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,149272,115],{"class":114},[28,149274,94],{"class":93},[28,149276,311],{"class":89},[28,149278,94],{"class":93},[28,149280,145],{"class":120},[28,149282,318],{"class":93},[14,149284,336],{},[18,149286,149288],{"className":20,"code":149287,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[25,149289,149290,149294],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149291,149292],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149293,8420],{"class":93},[28,149295,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149297,346],{"class":38},[28,149299,350],{"class":349},[28,149301,61],{"class":42},[28,149303,48734],{"class":46},[28,149305,358],{"class":42},[28,149307,361],{"class":38},[14,149309,149310],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149312,149313],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[177,149315,149316,149321],{},[180,149317,149318,149319],{},"Empty tuple: ",[25,149320,7141],{},[180,149322,149323,149324],{},"Empty list: ",[25,149325,3555],{},[14,149327,149328,149329,385],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[381,149330,149331],{"href":56933},"Python list: creating a list",[172,149333,149335],{"id":149334},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149337,149338],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149340,149341,149342,149344],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[163,149343,4402],{}," automatically a tuple:",[18,149346,149348],{"className":20,"code":149347,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[25,149349,149350,149362,149372],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149351,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149353,2216],{"class":34},[28,149355,39],{"class":38},[28,149357,9015],{"class":93},[28,149359,1905],{"class":97},[28,149361,101],{"class":93},[28,149363,149364,149366,149368,149370],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149365,115],{"class":114},[28,149367,94],{"class":93},[28,149369,2242],{"class":120},[28,149371,101],{"class":93},[28,149373,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,149375,115],{"class":114},[28,149377,94],{"class":93},[28,149379,311],{"class":89},[28,149381,94],{"class":93},[28,149383,2242],{"class":120},[28,149385,318],{"class":93},[14,149387,336],{},[18,149389,149391],{"className":20,"code":149390,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,149392,149393,149397],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149394,149395],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149396,2714],{"class":97},[28,149398,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149400,346],{"class":38},[28,149402,350],{"class":349},[28,149404,61],{"class":42},[28,149406,372],{"class":46},[28,149408,358],{"class":42},[28,149410,361],{"class":38},[14,149412,149413],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[18,149415,149417],{"className":20,"code":149416,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[25,149418,149419,149431,149441],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149420,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149422,148912],{"class":34},[28,149424,39],{"class":38},[28,149426,9015],{"class":93},[28,149428,1905],{"class":97},[28,149430,148921],{"class":93},[28,149432,149433,149435,149437,149439],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149434,115],{"class":114},[28,149436,94],{"class":93},[28,149438,148990],{"class":120},[28,149440,101],{"class":93},[28,149442,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,149444,115],{"class":114},[28,149446,94],{"class":93},[28,149448,311],{"class":89},[28,149450,94],{"class":93},[28,149452,148990],{"class":120},[28,149454,318],{"class":93},[14,149456,336],{},[18,149458,149460],{"className":20,"code":149459,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[25,149461,149462,149470],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149463,149464,149466,149468],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149465,94],{"class":93},[28,149467,1905],{"class":97},[28,149469,148921],{"class":93},[28,149471,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149473,346],{"class":38},[28,149475,350],{"class":349},[28,149477,61],{"class":42},[28,149479,48734],{"class":46},[28,149481,358],{"class":42},[28,149483,361],{"class":38},[14,149485,16441],{},[18,149487,149489],{"className":20,"code":149488,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(\"apple\",)\n",[25,149490,149491],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149492,149493,149495,149497,149499,149501],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149494,94],{"class":93},[28,149496,234],{"class":42},[28,149498,3849],{"class":46},[28,149500,234],{"class":42},[28,149502,148921],{"class":93},[14,149504,16429],{},[18,149506,149508],{"className":20,"code":149507,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(\"apple\")\n",[25,149509,149510],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149511,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149513,94],{"class":93},[28,149515,234],{"class":42},[28,149517,3849],{"class":46},[28,149519,234],{"class":42},[28,149521,101],{"class":93},[14,149523,149524],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[172,149526,149528],{"id":149527},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149530,149531],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1109,149533,214],{"id":3415},[18,149535,149536],{"className":20,"code":149107,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,149537,149538,149558],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149539,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149541,3383],{"class":34},[28,149543,39],{"class":38},[28,149545,9015],{"class":93},[28,149547,2756],{"class":97},[28,149549,2759],{"class":93},[28,149551,2762],{"class":97},[28,149553,2759],{"class":93},[28,149555,2221],{"class":97},[28,149557,101],{"class":93},[28,149559,149560,149562,149564,149566],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149561,115],{"class":114},[28,149563,94],{"class":93},[28,149565,3415],{"class":120},[28,149567,101],{"class":93},[1109,149569,56244],{"id":5083},[18,149571,149573],{"className":20,"code":149572,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[25,149574,149575,149607],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149576,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149578,12860],{"class":34},[28,149580,39],{"class":38},[28,149582,9015],{"class":93},[28,149584,234],{"class":42},[28,149586,12877],{"class":46},[28,149588,234],{"class":42},[28,149590,2759],{"class":93},[28,149592,43],{"class":42},[28,149594,17242],{"class":46},[28,149596,234],{"class":42},[28,149598,2759],{"class":93},[28,149600,43],{"class":42},[28,149602,12894],{"class":46},[28,149604,234],{"class":42},[28,149606,101],{"class":93},[28,149608,149609,149611,149613,149615],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149610,115],{"class":114},[28,149612,94],{"class":93},[28,149614,17289],{"class":120},[28,149616,101],{"class":93},[1109,149618,149620],{"id":149619},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[18,149622,149624],{"className":20,"code":149623,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[25,149625,149626,149650],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149627,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149629,59253],{"class":34},[28,149631,39],{"class":38},[28,149633,9015],{"class":93},[28,149635,2756],{"class":97},[28,149637,2759],{"class":93},[28,149639,43],{"class":42},[28,149641,3849],{"class":46},[28,149643,234],{"class":42},[28,149645,2759],{"class":93},[28,149647,3685],{"class":776},[28,149649,101],{"class":93},[28,149651,149652,149654,149656,149658],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149653,115],{"class":114},[28,149655,94],{"class":93},[28,149657,59306],{"class":120},[28,149659,101],{"class":93},[1109,149661,149663],{"id":149662},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149665,149666],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[18,149668,149670],{"className":20,"code":149669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[25,149671,149672,149713],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149673,149674,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149675,149676],{"class":34},"nested ",[28,149678,39],{"class":38},[28,149680,9015],{"class":93},[28,149682,2756],{"class":97},[28,149684,2759],{"class":93},[28,149686,9015],{"class":93},[28,149688,234],{"class":42},[28,149690,381],{"class":46},[28,149692,234],{"class":42},[28,149694,2759],{"class":93},[28,149696,43],{"class":42},[28,149698,4533],{"class":46},[28,149700,234],{"class":42},[28,149702,9012],{"class":93},[28,149704,3388],{"class":93},[28,149706,2099],{"class":97},[28,149708,2759],{"class":93},[28,149710,7566],{"class":97},[28,149712,3657],{"class":93},[28,149714,149715,149717,149719,149722],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149716,115],{"class":114},[28,149718,94],{"class":93},[28,149720,149721],{"class":120},"nested",[28,149723,101],{"class":93},[14,149725,336],{},[18,149727,149729],{"className":20,"code":149728,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[25,149730,149731],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149732,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149734,94],{"class":93},[28,149736,2756],{"class":97},[28,149738,2759],{"class":93},[28,149740,9015],{"class":93},[28,149742,358],{"class":42},[28,149744,381],{"class":46},[28,149746,358],{"class":42},[28,149748,2759],{"class":93},[28,149750,61],{"class":42},[28,149752,4533],{"class":46},[28,149754,358],{"class":42},[28,149756,9012],{"class":93},[28,149758,3388],{"class":93},[28,149760,2099],{"class":97},[28,149762,2759],{"class":93},[28,149764,7566],{"class":97},[28,149766,3657],{"class":93},[172,149768,149770,149771],{"id":149769},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[25,149772,37838],{},[14,149774,149775,149776,149778],{},"You can use the built-in ",[25,149777,37838],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149780,149781,149782,385],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[381,149783,62997],{"href":62996},[1109,149785,105016],{"id":105015},[18,149787,149789],{"className":20,"code":149788,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,149790,149791,149813],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149792,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149794,3383],{"class":34},[28,149796,39],{"class":38},[28,149798,148931],{"class":89},[28,149800,2753],{"class":93},[28,149802,2756],{"class":97},[28,149804,2759],{"class":93},[28,149806,2762],{"class":97},[28,149808,2759],{"class":93},[28,149810,2221],{"class":97},[28,149812,3657],{"class":93},[28,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149816,115],{"class":114},[28,149818,94],{"class":93},[28,149820,3415],{"class":120},[28,149822,101],{"class":93},[14,149824,336],{},[18,149826,149827],{"className":20,"code":149144,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,149828,149829],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149830,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149832,94],{"class":93},[28,149834,2756],{"class":97},[28,149836,2759],{"class":93},[28,149838,2762],{"class":97},[28,149840,2759],{"class":93},[28,149842,2221],{"class":97},[28,149844,101],{"class":93},[1109,149846,105202],{"id":105201},[18,149848,149850],{"className":20,"code":149849,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[25,149851,149852,149870],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149855,35880],{"class":34},[28,149857,39],{"class":38},[28,149859,148931],{"class":89},[28,149861,94],{"class":93},[28,149863,234],{"class":42},[28,149865,41353],{"class":46},[28,149867,234],{"class":42},[28,149869,101],{"class":93},[28,149871,149872,149874,149876,149878],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149873,115],{"class":114},[28,149875,94],{"class":93},[28,149877,35933],{"class":120},[28,149879,101],{"class":93},[14,149881,336],{},[18,149883,149885],{"className":20,"code":149884,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[25,149886,149887],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149888,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149890,94],{"class":93},[28,149892,358],{"class":42},[28,149894,381],{"class":46},[28,149896,358],{"class":42},[28,149898,2759],{"class":93},[28,149900,61],{"class":42},[28,149902,4533],{"class":46},[28,149904,358],{"class":42},[28,149906,2759],{"class":93},[28,149908,61],{"class":42},[28,149910,9518],{"class":46},[28,149912,358],{"class":42},[28,149914,101],{"class":93},[14,149916,149917],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1109,149919,149921],{"id":149920},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[18,149923,149925],{"className":20,"code":149924,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[25,149926,149927,149945],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149928,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149930,3591],{"class":34},[28,149932,39],{"class":38},[28,149934,148931],{"class":89},[28,149936,94],{"class":93},[28,149938,59779],{"class":114},[28,149940,94],{"class":93},[28,149942,2275],{"class":97},[28,149944,318],{"class":93},[28,149946,149947,149949,149951,149953],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,149948,115],{"class":114},[28,149950,94],{"class":93},[28,149952,5133],{"class":120},[28,149954,101],{"class":93},[14,149956,336],{},[18,149958,149960],{"className":20,"code":149959,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[25,149961,149962],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,149963,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,149965,94],{"class":93},[28,149967,1888],{"class":97},[28,149969,2759],{"class":93},[28,149971,5273],{"class":97},[28,149973,2759],{"class":93},[28,149975,2762],{"class":97},[28,149977,2759],{"class":93},[28,149979,2221],{"class":97},[28,149981,101],{"class":93},[14,149983,149984],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[172,149986,20589],{"id":20588},[177,149988,149989,149992,149995,149998],{},[180,149990,149991],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[180,149993,149994],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[180,149996,149997],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[180,149999,150000],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150002,150003,150004,385],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[381,150005,150007],{"href":150006},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[172,150009,1104],{"id":1103},[14,150011,150012],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1109,150014,150016],{"id":150015},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150018,150019],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[18,150021,150023],{"className":20,"code":150022,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[25,150024,150025,150041],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150026,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150028,28328],{"class":34},[28,150030,39],{"class":38},[28,150032,9015],{"class":93},[28,150034,234],{"class":42},[28,150036,3849],{"class":46},[28,150038,234],{"class":42},[28,150040,101],{"class":93},[28,150042,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150044,115],{"class":114},[28,150046,94],{"class":93},[28,150048,311],{"class":89},[28,150050,94],{"class":93},[28,150052,23098],{"class":120},[28,150054,318],{"class":93},[14,150056,150057],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[18,150059,150061],{"className":20,"code":150060,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[25,150062,150063,150079],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150066,28328],{"class":34},[28,150068,39],{"class":38},[28,150070,9015],{"class":93},[28,150072,234],{"class":42},[28,150074,3849],{"class":46},[28,150076,234],{"class":42},[28,150078,148921],{"class":93},[28,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150082,115],{"class":114},[28,150084,94],{"class":93},[28,150086,311],{"class":89},[28,150088,94],{"class":93},[28,150090,23098],{"class":120},[28,150092,318],{"class":93},[1109,150094,150096],{"id":150095},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150098,150099],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[18,150101,150103],{"className":20,"code":150102,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[25,150104,150105,150125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150106,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150108,3591],{"class":34},[28,150110,39],{"class":38},[28,150112,3388],{"class":93},[28,150114,2756],{"class":97},[28,150116,2759],{"class":93},[28,150118,2762],{"class":97},[28,150120,2759],{"class":93},[28,150122,2221],{"class":97},[28,150124,3401],{"class":93},[28,150126,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150128,115],{"class":114},[28,150130,94],{"class":93},[28,150132,311],{"class":89},[28,150134,94],{"class":93},[28,150136,5133],{"class":120},[28,150138,318],{"class":93},[14,150140,150141],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[18,150143,150145],{"className":20,"code":150144,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[25,150146,150147,150167],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150148,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150150,3591],{"class":34},[28,150152,39],{"class":38},[28,150154,9015],{"class":93},[28,150156,2756],{"class":97},[28,150158,2759],{"class":93},[28,150160,2762],{"class":97},[28,150162,2759],{"class":93},[28,150164,2221],{"class":97},[28,150166,101],{"class":93},[28,150168,150169,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150170,115],{"class":114},[28,150172,94],{"class":93},[28,150174,311],{"class":89},[28,150176,94],{"class":93},[28,150178,5133],{"class":120},[28,150180,318],{"class":93},[1109,150182,150184],{"id":150183},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150186,149997],{},[18,150188,150190],{"className":20,"code":150189,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[25,150191,150192,150212],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150193,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150195,3383],{"class":34},[28,150197,39],{"class":38},[28,150199,9015],{"class":93},[28,150201,2756],{"class":97},[28,150203,2759],{"class":93},[28,150205,2762],{"class":97},[28,150207,2759],{"class":93},[28,150209,2221],{"class":97},[28,150211,101],{"class":93},[28,150213,150214],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150215,150216],{"class":1006},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150218,150219],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1109,150221,36995,150223,150226],{"id":150222},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[25,150224,150225],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150228,64422],{},[18,150230,150231],{"className":20,"code":149849,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,150232,150233,150251],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150234,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150236,35880],{"class":34},[28,150238,39],{"class":38},[28,150240,148931],{"class":89},[28,150242,94],{"class":93},[28,150244,234],{"class":42},[28,150246,41353],{"class":46},[28,150248,234],{"class":42},[28,150250,101],{"class":93},[28,150252,150253,150255,150257,150259],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150254,115],{"class":114},[28,150256,94],{"class":93},[28,150258,35933],{"class":120},[28,150260,101],{"class":93},[14,150262,150263],{},"gives:",[18,150265,150266],{"className":20,"code":149884,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,150267,150268],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150269,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290,150292,150294],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150271,94],{"class":93},[28,150273,358],{"class":42},[28,150275,381],{"class":46},[28,150277,358],{"class":42},[28,150279,2759],{"class":93},[28,150281,61],{"class":42},[28,150283,4533],{"class":46},[28,150285,358],{"class":42},[28,150287,2759],{"class":93},[28,150289,61],{"class":42},[28,150291,9518],{"class":46},[28,150293,358],{"class":42},[28,150295,101],{"class":93},[14,150297,150298],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[18,150300,150302],{"className":20,"code":150301,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[25,150303,150304,150320],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150305,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150307,5931],{"class":34},[28,150309,39],{"class":38},[28,150311,9015],{"class":93},[28,150313,234],{"class":42},[28,150315,41353],{"class":46},[28,150317,234],{"class":42},[28,150319,148921],{"class":93},[28,150321,150322,150324,150326,150328],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150323,115],{"class":114},[28,150325,94],{"class":93},[28,150327,38183],{"class":120},[28,150329,101],{"class":93},[14,150331,336],{},[18,150333,150335],{"className":20,"code":150334,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('abc',)\n",[25,150336,150337],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150338,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150340,94],{"class":93},[28,150342,358],{"class":42},[28,150344,41353],{"class":46},[28,150346,358],{"class":42},[28,150348,148921],{"class":93},[1109,150350,150352],{"id":150351},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150354,150355],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[18,150357,150359],{"className":20,"code":150358,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[25,150360,150361,150378,150382,150392,150406],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150362,150363,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150364,150365],{"class":34},"my_tuple ",[28,150367,39],{"class":38},[28,150369,9015],{"class":93},[28,150371,234],{"class":42},[28,150373,3849],{"class":46},[28,150375,234],{"class":42},[28,150377,148921],{"class":93},[28,150379,150380],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150381,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,150383,150384,150386,150388,150390],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,150385,115],{"class":114},[28,150387,94],{"class":93},[28,150389,147583],{"class":120},[28,150391,101],{"class":93},[28,150393,150394,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,150395,115],{"class":114},[28,150397,94],{"class":93},[28,150399,311],{"class":89},[28,150401,94],{"class":93},[28,150403,147583],{"class":120},[28,150405,318],{"class":93},[28,150407,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,150409,115],{"class":114},[28,150411,94],{"class":93},[28,150413,10941],{"class":114},[28,150415,94],{"class":93},[28,150417,147583],{"class":120},[28,150419,318],{"class":93},[172,150421,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,150423,150425],{"id":150424},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150427,150428,150429,150432],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[25,150430,150431],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1109,150434,150436],{"id":150435},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150438,150439],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1109,150441,150443],{"id":150442},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150445,150446],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1109,150448,150450],{"id":150449},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150452,150453],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1109,150455,4915,150457,12499],{"id":150456},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[25,150458,150225],{},[14,150460,4921,150461,150464],{},[25,150462,150463],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[172,150466,1662],{"id":1661},[177,150468,150469,150473,150477,150483,150488,150493,150497],{},[180,150470,150471],{},[381,150472,147565],{"href":147564},[180,150474,150475],{},[381,150476,149238],{"href":149237},[180,150478,150479],{},[381,150480,150482],{"href":150481},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[180,150484,150485],{},[381,150486,150487],{"href":148803},"Python tuple length with len()",[180,150489,150490],{},[381,150491,150492],{"href":148868},"What is a tuple in Python?",[180,150494,150495],{},[381,150496,62997],{"href":62996},[180,150498,150499],{},[381,150500,150501],{"href":150006},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1699,150503,150504],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":150506},[150507,150508,150509,150510,150511,150512,150518,150524,150525,150533,150541],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":149097,"depth":53,"text":149098},{"id":149241,"depth":53,"text":149242},{"id":149334,"depth":53,"text":149335},{"id":149527,"depth":53,"text":149528,"children":150513},[150514,150515,150516,150517],{"id":3415,"depth":70,"text":214},{"id":5083,"depth":70,"text":56244},{"id":149619,"depth":70,"text":149620},{"id":149662,"depth":70,"text":149663},{"id":149769,"depth":53,"text":150519,"children":150520},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150521,150522,150523],{"id":105015,"depth":70,"text":105016},{"id":105201,"depth":70,"text":105202},{"id":149920,"depth":70,"text":149921},{"id":20588,"depth":53,"text":20589},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":150526},[150527,150528,150529,150530,150532],{"id":150015,"depth":70,"text":150016},{"id":150095,"depth":70,"text":150096},{"id":150183,"depth":70,"text":150184},{"id":150222,"depth":70,"text":150531},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150351,"depth":70,"text":150352},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":150534},[150535,150536,150537,150538,150539],{"id":150424,"depth":70,"text":150425},{"id":150435,"depth":70,"text":150436},{"id":150442,"depth":70,"text":150443},{"id":150449,"depth":70,"text":150450},{"id":150456,"depth":70,"text":150540},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148854,"description":150542},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150549,"title":150550,"body":150551,"description":152096,"extension":1730,"meta":152097,"navigation":107,"path":152098,"seo":152099,"stem":152100,"__hash__":152101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150552,"toc":152066},[150553,150556,150561,150563,150576,150582,150584,150651,150653,150688,150693,150697,150701,150703,150714,150722,150724,150726,150747,150749,150769,150772,150774,150779,150822,150824,150846,150849,150862,150866,150870,150873,150926,150928,150949,150954,150958,150961,151006,151008,151041,151053,151057,151065,151102,151104,151133,151137,151140,151193,151195,151215,151222,151226,151231,151300,151302,151327,151331,151334,151340,151417,151419,151478,151480,151492,151497,151501,151505,151519,151521,151556,151558,151575,151578,151591,151595,151599,151610,151615,151630,151633,151636,151638,151641,151645,151647,151661,151663,151687,151692,151696,151699,151718,151721,151770,151775,151792,151795,151828,151832,151834,151885,151888,151913,151916,151939,151943,151949,151951,151986,151989,151994,151996,152000,152003,152007,152012,152016,152019,152023,152026,152030,152035,152037,152063],[10,150554,150550],{"id":150555},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150557,8901,150558,150560],{},[25,150559,37838],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150562,82367],{},[177,150564,150565,150570],{},[180,150566,150567,150569],{},[25,150568,37838],{}," creates an empty tuple",[180,150571,150572,150575],{},[25,150573,150574],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150577,150578,150579,150581],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[25,150580,37838],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[172,150583,1771],{"id":1770},[18,150585,150587],{"className":20,"code":150586,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,150588,150589,150609,150623,150627,150637],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150590,150591,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150592,3383],{"class":34},[28,150594,39],{"class":38},[28,150596,3388],{"class":93},[28,150598,2756],{"class":97},[28,150600,2759],{"class":93},[28,150602,2762],{"class":97},[28,150604,2759],{"class":93},[28,150606,2221],{"class":97},[28,150608,3401],{"class":93},[28,150610,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150612,1999],{"class":34},[28,150614,39],{"class":38},[28,150616,148931],{"class":89},[28,150618,94],{"class":93},[28,150620,3415],{"class":120},[28,150622,101],{"class":93},[28,150624,150625],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,150626,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,150628,150629,150631,150633,150635],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,150630,115],{"class":114},[28,150632,94],{"class":93},[28,150634,2033],{"class":120},[28,150636,101],{"class":93},[28,150638,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,150640,115],{"class":114},[28,150642,94],{"class":93},[28,150644,311],{"class":89},[28,150646,94],{"class":93},[28,150648,2033],{"class":120},[28,150650,318],{"class":93},[14,150652,336],{},[18,150654,150656],{"className":20,"code":150655,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[25,150657,150658,150674],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150659,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150661,94],{"class":93},[28,150663,2756],{"class":97},[28,150665,2759],{"class":93},[28,150667,2762],{"class":97},[28,150669,2759],{"class":93},[28,150671,2221],{"class":97},[28,150673,101],{"class":93},[28,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150677,346],{"class":38},[28,150679,350],{"class":349},[28,150681,61],{"class":42},[28,150683,48734],{"class":46},[28,150685,358],{"class":42},[28,150687,361],{"class":38},[14,150689,1631,150690,150692],{},[25,150691,150574],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[172,150694,150696],{"id":150695},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150698,150699,62705],{},[25,150700,37838],{},[14,150702,48708],{},[177,150704,150705,150708,150711],{},[180,150706,150707],{},"creates a tuple object",[180,150709,150710],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[180,150712,150713],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150715,150716,150717,150719,150720,385],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[381,150718,148869],{"href":148868}," or the full guide to ",[381,150721,147565],{"href":147564},[172,150723,1927],{"id":1926},[14,150725,26276],{},[18,150727,150729],{"className":20,"code":150728,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[25,150730,150731,150737],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150732,150733,150735],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150734,48734],{"class":89},[28,150736,8420],{"class":93},[28,150738,150739,150741,150743,150745],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150740,48734],{"class":89},[28,150742,94],{"class":93},[28,150744,3489],{"class":120},[28,150746,101],{"class":93},[14,150748,11239],{},[177,150750,150751,150754],{},[180,150752,150753],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[180,150755,150756,150757],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[177,150758,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767],{},[180,150760,5074],{},[180,150762,5083],{},[180,150764,62776],{},[180,150766,5080],{},[180,150768,7027],{},[14,150770,150771],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[172,150773,149242],{"id":149241},[14,150775,29440,150776,150778],{},[25,150777,37838],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[18,150780,150782],{"className":20,"code":150781,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[25,150783,150784,150794,150798,150808],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150785,150786,150788,150790,150792],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150787,73],{"class":34},[28,150789,39],{"class":38},[28,150791,148931],{"class":89},[28,150793,8420],{"class":93},[28,150795,150796],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150797,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,150799,150800,150802,150804,150806],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,150801,115],{"class":114},[28,150803,94],{"class":93},[28,150805,145],{"class":120},[28,150807,101],{"class":93},[28,150809,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,150811,115],{"class":114},[28,150813,94],{"class":93},[28,150815,311],{"class":89},[28,150817,94],{"class":93},[28,150819,145],{"class":120},[28,150821,318],{"class":93},[14,150823,336],{},[18,150825,150826],{"className":20,"code":149287,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,150827,150828,150832],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150829,150830],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150831,8420],{"class":93},[28,150833,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150835,346],{"class":38},[28,150837,350],{"class":349},[28,150839,61],{"class":42},[28,150841,48734],{"class":46},[28,150843,358],{"class":42},[28,150845,361],{"class":38},[14,150847,150848],{},"This is equivalent to:",[18,150850,150852],{"className":20,"code":150851,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty = ()\n",[25,150853,150854],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150855,150856,150858,150860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150857,73],{"class":34},[28,150859,39],{"class":38},[28,150861,148907],{"class":93},[172,150863,150865],{"id":150864},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1109,150867,150869],{"id":150868},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,150871,150872],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[18,150874,150876],{"className":20,"code":150875,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,150877,150878,150898,150912,150916],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150879,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150881,3383],{"class":34},[28,150883,39],{"class":38},[28,150885,3388],{"class":93},[28,150887,2099],{"class":97},[28,150889,2759],{"class":93},[28,150891,7566],{"class":97},[28,150893,2759],{"class":93},[28,150895,7571],{"class":97},[28,150897,3401],{"class":93},[28,150899,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150901,1999],{"class":34},[28,150903,39],{"class":38},[28,150905,148931],{"class":89},[28,150907,94],{"class":93},[28,150909,3415],{"class":120},[28,150911,101],{"class":93},[28,150913,150914],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,150915,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,150917,150918,150920,150922,150924],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,150919,115],{"class":114},[28,150921,94],{"class":93},[28,150923,2033],{"class":120},[28,150925,101],{"class":93},[14,150927,336],{},[18,150929,150931],{"className":20,"code":150930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[25,150932,150933],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150934,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150936,94],{"class":93},[28,150938,2099],{"class":97},[28,150940,2759],{"class":93},[28,150942,7566],{"class":97},[28,150944,2759],{"class":93},[28,150946,7571],{"class":97},[28,150948,101],{"class":93},[14,150950,150951,150952,385],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[381,150953,104821],{"href":59836},[1109,150955,150957],{"id":150956},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,150959,150960],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[18,150962,150964],{"className":20,"code":150963,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,150965,150966,150978,150992,150996],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,150967,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,150969,84],{"class":34},[28,150971,39],{"class":38},[28,150973,43],{"class":42},[28,150975,36838],{"class":46},[28,150977,50],{"class":42},[28,150979,150980,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,150981,1999],{"class":34},[28,150983,39],{"class":38},[28,150985,148931],{"class":89},[28,150987,94],{"class":93},[28,150989,157],{"class":120},[28,150991,101],{"class":93},[28,150993,150994],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,150995,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,150997,150998,151000,151002,151004],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,150999,115],{"class":114},[28,151001,94],{"class":93},[28,151003,2033],{"class":120},[28,151005,101],{"class":93},[14,151007,336],{},[18,151009,151011],{"className":20,"code":151010,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[25,151012,151013],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151014,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151016,94],{"class":93},[28,151018,358],{"class":42},[28,151020,9518],{"class":46},[28,151022,358],{"class":42},[28,151024,2759],{"class":93},[28,151026,61],{"class":42},[28,151028,381],{"class":46},[28,151030,358],{"class":42},[28,151032,2759],{"class":93},[28,151034,61],{"class":42},[28,151036,63066],{"class":46},[28,151038,358],{"class":42},[28,151040,101],{"class":93},[14,151042,151043,151044,13839,151047,151049,151050,385],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[25,151045,151046],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[163,151048,4402],{}," create ",[25,151051,151052],{},"('cat',)",[1109,151054,151056],{"id":151055},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151058,151059,151061,151062,151064],{},[25,151060,35988],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[25,151063,37838],{}," collects them all.",[18,151066,151068],{"className":20,"code":151067,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,151069,151070,151088,151092],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151071,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151073,1999],{"class":34},[28,151075,39],{"class":38},[28,151077,148931],{"class":89},[28,151079,94],{"class":93},[28,151081,59779],{"class":114},[28,151083,94],{"class":93},[28,151085,1905],{"class":97},[28,151087,318],{"class":93},[28,151089,151090],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151091,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,151093,151094,151096,151098,151100],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,151095,115],{"class":114},[28,151097,94],{"class":93},[28,151099,2033],{"class":120},[28,151101,101],{"class":93},[14,151103,336],{},[18,151105,151107],{"className":20,"code":151106,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[25,151108,151109],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151110,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151112,94],{"class":93},[28,151114,1888],{"class":97},[28,151116,2759],{"class":93},[28,151118,5273],{"class":97},[28,151120,2759],{"class":93},[28,151122,2762],{"class":97},[28,151124,2759],{"class":93},[28,151126,2221],{"class":97},[28,151128,2759],{"class":93},[28,151130,2226],{"class":97},[28,151132,101],{"class":93},[1109,151134,151136],{"id":151135},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151138,151139],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[18,151141,151143],{"className":20,"code":151142,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,151144,151145,151165,151179,151183],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151146,151147,151149,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151148,3591],{"class":34},[28,151150,39],{"class":38},[28,151152,10270],{"class":93},[28,151154,2756],{"class":97},[28,151156,2759],{"class":93},[28,151158,2762],{"class":97},[28,151160,2759],{"class":93},[28,151162,2221],{"class":97},[28,151164,9087],{"class":93},[28,151166,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151168,1999],{"class":34},[28,151170,39],{"class":38},[28,151172,148931],{"class":89},[28,151174,94],{"class":93},[28,151176,5133],{"class":120},[28,151178,101],{"class":93},[28,151180,151181],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,151182,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,151184,151185,151187,151189,151191],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,151186,115],{"class":114},[28,151188,94],{"class":93},[28,151190,2033],{"class":120},[28,151192,101],{"class":93},[14,151194,336],{},[18,151196,151197],{"className":20,"code":149144,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,151198,151199],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151200,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151202,94],{"class":93},[28,151204,2756],{"class":97},[28,151206,2759],{"class":93},[28,151208,2762],{"class":97},[28,151210,2759],{"class":93},[28,151212,2221],{"class":97},[28,151214,101],{"class":93},[14,151216,151217,151218,385],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[381,151219,151221],{"href":151220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1109,151223,151225],{"id":151224},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151227,63319,151228,151230],{},[25,151229,37838],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[18,151232,151234],{"className":20,"code":151233,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[25,151235,151236,151272,151286,151290],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151237,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151239,12989],{"class":34},[28,151241,39],{"class":38},[28,151243,10270],{"class":93},[28,151245,234],{"class":42},[28,151247,121],{"class":46},[28,151249,234],{"class":42},[28,151251,271],{"class":93},[28,151253,43],{"class":42},[28,151255,12664],{"class":46},[28,151257,234],{"class":42},[28,151259,2759],{"class":93},[28,151261,43],{"class":42},[28,151263,835],{"class":46},[28,151265,234],{"class":42},[28,151267,271],{"class":93},[28,151269,9084],{"class":97},[28,151271,9087],{"class":93},[28,151273,151274,151276,151278,151280,151282,151284],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151275,1999],{"class":34},[28,151277,39],{"class":38},[28,151279,148931],{"class":89},[28,151281,94],{"class":93},[28,151283,17093],{"class":120},[28,151285,101],{"class":93},[28,151287,151288],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,151289,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,151291,151292,151294,151296,151298],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,151293,115],{"class":114},[28,151295,94],{"class":93},[28,151297,2033],{"class":120},[28,151299,101],{"class":93},[14,151301,29819],{},[18,151303,151305],{"className":20,"code":151304,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('name', 'age')\n",[25,151306,151307],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151308,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151310,94],{"class":93},[28,151312,358],{"class":42},[28,151314,121],{"class":46},[28,151316,358],{"class":42},[28,151318,2759],{"class":93},[28,151320,61],{"class":42},[28,151322,835],{"class":46},[28,151324,358],{"class":42},[28,151326,101],{"class":93},[172,151328,151330],{"id":151329},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151332,151333],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151335,151336,151339],{},[25,151337,151338],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[18,151341,151343],{"className":20,"code":151342,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[25,151344,151345,151381,151385,151399],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151346,151347,151349,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151348,12989],{"class":34},[28,151350,39],{"class":38},[28,151352,10270],{"class":93},[28,151354,234],{"class":42},[28,151356,121],{"class":46},[28,151358,234],{"class":42},[28,151360,271],{"class":93},[28,151362,43],{"class":42},[28,151364,12664],{"class":46},[28,151366,234],{"class":42},[28,151368,2759],{"class":93},[28,151370,43],{"class":42},[28,151372,835],{"class":46},[28,151374,234],{"class":42},[28,151376,271],{"class":93},[28,151378,9084],{"class":97},[28,151380,9087],{"class":93},[28,151382,151383],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151384,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,151386,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,151388,115],{"class":114},[28,151390,94],{"class":93},[28,151392,48734],{"class":89},[28,151394,94],{"class":93},[28,151396,17093],{"class":120},[28,151398,318],{"class":93},[28,151400,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,151402,115],{"class":114},[28,151404,94],{"class":93},[28,151406,48734],{"class":89},[28,151408,94],{"class":93},[28,151410,17093],{"class":120},[28,151412,385],{"class":93},[28,151414,7586],{"class":120},[28,151416,6066],{"class":93},[14,151418,336],{},[18,151420,151422],{"className":20,"code":151421,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[25,151423,151424,151444],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151425,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151427,94],{"class":93},[28,151429,358],{"class":42},[28,151431,121],{"class":46},[28,151433,358],{"class":42},[28,151435,2759],{"class":93},[28,151437,61],{"class":42},[28,151439,835],{"class":46},[28,151441,358],{"class":42},[28,151443,101],{"class":93},[28,151445,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151447,5286],{"class":93},[28,151449,358],{"class":42},[28,151451,121],{"class":46},[28,151453,358],{"class":42},[28,151455,2759],{"class":93},[28,151457,61],{"class":42},[28,151459,12664],{"class":46},[28,151461,358],{"class":42},[28,151463,9012],{"class":93},[28,151465,9015],{"class":93},[28,151467,358],{"class":42},[28,151469,835],{"class":46},[28,151471,358],{"class":42},[28,151473,2759],{"class":93},[28,151475,9084],{"class":97},[28,151477,318],{"class":93},[14,151479,18482],{},[177,151481,151482,151487],{},[180,151483,151484,151486],{},[25,151485,151338],{}," for keys",[180,151488,151489,32348],{},[25,151490,151491],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151493,151494,151495,385],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[381,151496,63329],{"href":63328},[172,151498,151500],{"id":151499},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151502,151503,18106],{},[25,151504,37838],{},[177,151506,151507,151510,151513,151516],{},[180,151508,151509],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[180,151511,151512],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[180,151514,151515],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[180,151517,151518],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151520,924],{},[18,151522,151524],{"className":20,"code":151523,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[25,151525,151526,151545],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151527,151528,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151529,151530],{"class":34},"coordinates ",[28,151532,39],{"class":38},[28,151534,148931],{"class":89},[28,151536,2753],{"class":93},[28,151538,2275],{"class":97},[28,151540,2759],{"class":93},[28,151542,5770],{"class":97},[28,151544,3657],{"class":93},[28,151546,151547,151549,151551,151554],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151548,115],{"class":114},[28,151550,94],{"class":93},[28,151552,151553],{"class":120},"coordinates",[28,151555,101],{"class":93},[14,151557,336],{},[18,151559,151561],{"className":20,"code":151560,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(4, 7)\n",[25,151562,151563],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151564,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151566,94],{"class":93},[28,151568,2275],{"class":97},[28,151570,2759],{"class":93},[28,151572,5770],{"class":97},[28,151574,101],{"class":93},[14,151576,151577],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[177,151579,151580,151582,151585,151588],{},[180,151581,151553],{},[180,151583,151584],{},"RGB colors",[180,151586,151587],{},"dates",[180,151589,151590],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[172,151592,151594],{"id":151593},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151596,44217,151597,10381],{},[25,151598,37838],{},[177,151600,151601,151604,151607],{},[180,151602,151603],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[180,151605,151606],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[180,151608,151609],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151611,116248,151612,151614],{},[163,151613,4402],{}," work:",[18,151616,151618],{"className":20,"code":151617,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple(5)\n",[25,151619,151620],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151621,151622,151624,151626,151628],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151623,48734],{"class":89},[28,151625,94],{"class":93},[28,151627,1905],{"class":97},[28,151629,101],{"class":93},[14,151631,151632],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151634,151635],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[172,151637,115086],{"id":115085},[14,151639,151640],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1109,151642,151644],{"id":151643},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151646,2604],{},[18,151648,151649],{"className":20,"code":151617,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,151650,151651],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151652,151653,151655,151657,151659],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151654,48734],{"class":89},[28,151656,94],{"class":93},[28,151658,1905],{"class":97},[28,151660,101],{"class":93},[14,151662,29471],{},[18,151664,151665],{"className":20,"code":63433,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,151666,151667],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151668,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151670,2775],{"class":89},[28,151672,271],{"class":93},[28,151674,61],{"class":42},[28,151676,372],{"class":46},[28,151678,358],{"class":42},[28,151680,24405],{"class":89},[28,151682,7872],{"class":38},[28,151684,7875],{"class":38},[28,151686,63456],{"class":34},[14,151688,151689,151690,385],{},"If you see this, read ",[381,151691,62070],{"href":52379},[1109,151693,151695],{"id":151694},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151697,151698],{},"This code:",[18,151700,151702],{"className":20,"code":151701,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[25,151703,151704],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151705,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151707,48734],{"class":89},[28,151709,94],{"class":93},[28,151711,234],{"class":42},[28,151713,238],{"class":46},[28,151715,234],{"class":42},[28,151717,101],{"class":93},[14,151719,151720],{},"returns:",[18,151722,151724],{"className":20,"code":151723,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[25,151725,151726],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151727,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151729,94],{"class":93},[28,151731,358],{"class":42},[28,151733,60219],{"class":46},[28,151735,358],{"class":42},[28,151737,2759],{"class":93},[28,151739,61],{"class":42},[28,151741,60228],{"class":46},[28,151743,358],{"class":42},[28,151745,2759],{"class":93},[28,151747,61],{"class":42},[28,151749,60237],{"class":46},[28,151751,358],{"class":42},[28,151753,2759],{"class":93},[28,151755,61],{"class":42},[28,151757,60237],{"class":46},[28,151759,358],{"class":42},[28,151761,2759],{"class":93},[28,151763,61],{"class":42},[28,151765,60254],{"class":46},[28,151767,358],{"class":42},[28,151769,101],{"class":93},[14,151771,40698,151772,151774],{},[163,151773,4402],{}," return:",[18,151776,151778],{"className":20,"code":151777,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('hello',)\n",[25,151779,151780],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151781,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151783,94],{"class":93},[28,151785,358],{"class":42},[28,151787,238],{"class":46},[28,151789,358],{"class":42},[28,151791,148921],{"class":93},[14,151793,151794],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[18,151796,151798],{"className":20,"code":151797,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[25,151799,151800,151817],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151801,151802,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151803,151804],{"class":34},"single ",[28,151806,39],{"class":38},[28,151808,9015],{"class":93},[28,151810,234],{"class":42},[28,151812,238],{"class":46},[28,151814,234],{"class":42},[28,151816,148921],{"class":93},[28,151818,151819,151821,151823,151826],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151820,115],{"class":114},[28,151822,94],{"class":93},[28,151824,151825],{"class":120},"single",[28,151827,101],{"class":93},[1109,151829,151831],{"id":151830},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151833,151698],{},[18,151835,151837],{"className":20,"code":151836,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[25,151838,151839,151871],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151840,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151842,8944],{"class":34},[28,151844,39],{"class":38},[28,151846,10270],{"class":93},[28,151848,234],{"class":42},[28,151850,381],{"class":46},[28,151852,234],{"class":42},[28,151854,271],{"class":93},[28,151856,5273],{"class":97},[28,151858,2759],{"class":93},[28,151860,43],{"class":42},[28,151862,4533],{"class":46},[28,151864,234],{"class":42},[28,151866,271],{"class":93},[28,151868,2762],{"class":97},[28,151870,9087],{"class":93},[28,151872,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151874,115],{"class":114},[28,151876,94],{"class":93},[28,151878,48734],{"class":89},[28,151880,94],{"class":93},[28,151882,8983],{"class":120},[28,151884,318],{"class":93},[14,151886,151887],{},"returns only the keys:",[18,151889,151891],{"className":20,"code":151890,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('a', 'b')\n",[25,151892,151893],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151894,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151896,94],{"class":93},[28,151898,358],{"class":42},[28,151900,381],{"class":46},[28,151902,358],{"class":42},[28,151904,2759],{"class":93},[28,151906,61],{"class":42},[28,151908,4533],{"class":46},[28,151910,358],{"class":42},[28,151912,101],{"class":93},[14,151914,151915],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[18,151917,151919],{"className":20,"code":151918,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[25,151920,151921],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151922,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151924,115],{"class":114},[28,151926,94],{"class":93},[28,151928,48734],{"class":89},[28,151930,94],{"class":93},[28,151932,8983],{"class":120},[28,151934,385],{"class":93},[28,151936,7586],{"class":120},[28,151938,6066],{"class":93},[1109,151940,151942],{"id":151941},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,151944,151945,151946,151948],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[25,151947,37838],{}," conversion.",[14,151950,5247],{},[18,151952,151954],{"className":20,"code":151953,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[25,151955,151956,151976],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,151959,2216],{"class":34},[28,151961,39],{"class":38},[28,151963,9015],{"class":93},[28,151965,2756],{"class":97},[28,151967,2759],{"class":93},[28,151969,2762],{"class":97},[28,151971,2759],{"class":93},[28,151973,2221],{"class":97},[28,151975,101],{"class":93},[28,151977,151978,151980,151982,151984],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,151979,115],{"class":114},[28,151981,94],{"class":93},[28,151983,2242],{"class":120},[28,151985,101],{"class":93},[14,151987,151988],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,151990,25294,151991,151993],{},[25,151992,37838],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[172,151995,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,151997,151999],{"id":151998},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152001,152002],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1109,152004,152006],{"id":152005},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152008,152009,152010,385],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[25,152011,7141],{},[1109,152013,152015],{"id":152014},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152017,152018],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1109,152020,152022],{"id":152021},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152024,152025],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1109,152027,152029],{"id":152028},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152031,152032,152033,385],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[25,152034,2775],{},[172,152036,1662],{"id":1661},[177,152038,152039,152043,152047,152051,152055,152059],{},[180,152040,152041],{},[381,152042,147565],{"href":147564},[180,152044,152045],{},[381,152046,150492],{"href":148868},[180,152048,152049],{},[381,152050,104821],{"href":59836},[180,152052,152053],{},[381,152054,151221],{"href":151220},[180,152056,152057],{},[381,152058,63329],{"href":63328},[180,152060,152061],{},[381,152062,62070],{"href":52379},[1699,152064,152065],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":152067},[152068,152069,152070,152071,152072,152079,152080,152081,152082,152088,152095],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":150695,"depth":53,"text":150696},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":149241,"depth":53,"text":149242},{"id":150864,"depth":53,"text":150865,"children":152073},[152074,152075,152076,152077,152078],{"id":150868,"depth":70,"text":150869},{"id":150956,"depth":70,"text":150957},{"id":151055,"depth":70,"text":151056},{"id":151135,"depth":70,"text":151136},{"id":151224,"depth":70,"text":151225},{"id":151329,"depth":53,"text":151330},{"id":151499,"depth":53,"text":151500},{"id":151593,"depth":53,"text":151594},{"id":115085,"depth":53,"text":115086,"children":152083},[152084,152085,152086,152087],{"id":151643,"depth":70,"text":151644},{"id":151694,"depth":70,"text":151695},{"id":151830,"depth":70,"text":151831},{"id":151941,"depth":70,"text":151942},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":152089},[152090,152091,152092,152093,152094],{"id":151998,"depth":70,"text":151999},{"id":152005,"depth":70,"text":152006},{"id":152014,"depth":70,"text":152015},{"id":152021,"depth":70,"text":152022},{"id":152028,"depth":70,"text":152029},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150550,"description":152096},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152103,"title":152104,"body":152105,"description":153518,"extension":1730,"meta":153519,"navigation":107,"path":153520,"seo":153521,"stem":153522,"__hash__":153523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152106,"toc":153490},[152107,152112,152117,152120,152122,152201,152207,152212,152216,152231,152233,152280,152282,152290,152298,152304,152306,152311,152331,152334,152361,152363,152387,152389,152531,152533,152537,152545,152548,152550,152627,152629,152637,152641,152645,152655,152665,152667,152672,152674,152733,152738,152740,152840,152842,152856,152861,152867,152874,152877,152879,152989,152993,153010,153012,153075,153077,153085,153097,153101,153106,153134,153137,153219,153221,153232,153234,153238,153265,153267,153269,153349,153357,153359,153414,153416,153421,153424,153428,153432,153434,153438,153442,153450,153457,153460,153462,153487],[10,152108,147449,152110,11102],{"id":152109},"python-tuple-index-method",[25,152111,58748],{},[14,152113,152114,152116],{},[25,152115,148770],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152118,152119],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[172,152121,1771],{"id":1770},[18,152123,152125],{"className":20,"code":152124,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[25,152126,152127,152167,152189],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152128,152129,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152130,12860],{"class":34},[28,152132,39],{"class":38},[28,152134,9015],{"class":93},[28,152136,234],{"class":42},[28,152138,12877],{"class":46},[28,152140,234],{"class":42},[28,152142,2759],{"class":93},[28,152144,43],{"class":42},[28,152146,12894],{"class":46},[28,152148,234],{"class":42},[28,152150,2759],{"class":93},[28,152152,43],{"class":42},[28,152154,17242],{"class":46},[28,152156,234],{"class":42},[28,152158,2759],{"class":93},[28,152160,43],{"class":42},[28,152162,12894],{"class":46},[28,152164,234],{"class":42},[28,152166,101],{"class":93},[28,152168,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152170,64698],{"class":34},[28,152172,39],{"class":38},[28,152174,12908],{"class":34},[28,152176,385],{"class":93},[28,152178,35635],{"class":120},[28,152180,94],{"class":93},[28,152182,234],{"class":42},[28,152184,12894],{"class":46},[28,152186,234],{"class":42},[28,152188,101],{"class":93},[28,152190,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,152192,115],{"class":114},[28,152194,94],{"class":93},[28,152196,64725],{"class":120},[28,152198,3428],{"class":93},[28,152200,27569],{"class":1006},[14,152202,152203,152206],{},[25,152204,152205],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[172,152208,3445,152210,3448],{"id":152209},"what-tupleindex-does",[25,152211,148770],{},[14,152213,679,152214,11193],{},[25,152215,58748],{},[177,152217,152218,152221,152223,152226],{},[180,152219,152220],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[180,152222,128047],{},[180,152224,152225],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[180,152227,152228,152229],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[25,152230,1888],{},[14,152232,924],{},[18,152234,152236],{"className":20,"code":152235,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[25,152237,152238,152262],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152239,152240,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152241,3383],{"class":34},[28,152243,39],{"class":38},[28,152245,9015],{"class":93},[28,152247,2099],{"class":97},[28,152249,2759],{"class":93},[28,152251,7566],{"class":97},[28,152253,2759],{"class":93},[28,152255,7571],{"class":97},[28,152257,2759],{"class":93},[28,152259,7566],{"class":97},[28,152261,101],{"class":93},[28,152263,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152265,115],{"class":114},[28,152267,94],{"class":93},[28,152269,3415],{"class":120},[28,152271,385],{"class":93},[28,152273,35635],{"class":120},[28,152275,94],{"class":93},[28,152277,15539],{"class":97},[28,152279,318],{"class":93},[14,152281,336],{},[18,152283,152284],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,152285,152286],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152287,152288],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152289,46700],{"class":97},[14,152291,260,152292,152294,152295,152297],{},[25,152293,15539],{}," appears twice, ",[25,152296,58748],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152299,150716,152300,385],{},[381,152301,152303],{"href":152302},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[172,152305,1927],{"id":1926},[14,152307,7538,152308,152310],{},[25,152309,58748],{}," in two ways:",[18,152312,152314],{"className":20,"code":152313,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[25,152315,152316],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152317,152318,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152319,152320],{"class":34},"tuple_name",[28,152322,385],{"class":93},[28,152324,35635],{"class":120},[28,152326,94],{"class":93},[28,152328,2242],{"class":120},[28,152330,101],{"class":93},[14,152332,152333],{},"or:",[18,152335,152337],{"className":20,"code":152336,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[25,152338,152339],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152340,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152342,152320],{"class":34},[28,152344,385],{"class":93},[28,152346,35635],{"class":120},[28,152348,94],{"class":93},[28,152350,2242],{"class":120},[28,152352,2759],{"class":93},[28,152354,35841],{"class":120},[28,152356,2759],{"class":93},[28,152358,64819],{"class":120},[28,152360,101],{"class":93},[1109,152362,17181],{"id":17180},[177,152364,152365,152370,152375,152380],{},[180,152366,152367,152369],{},[25,152368,2242],{}," — the item to search for",[180,152371,152372,152374],{},[25,152373,35862],{}," — optional starting position",[180,152376,152377,152379],{},[25,152378,52440],{}," — optional ending position",[180,152381,152382,4556,152384,152386],{},[25,152383,52440],{},[163,152385,64848],{}," in the search",[14,152388,924],{},[18,152390,152392],{"className":20,"code":152391,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[25,152393,152394,152442,152446,152471,152499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152395,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152397,35880],{"class":34},[28,152399,39],{"class":38},[28,152401,9015],{"class":93},[28,152403,234],{"class":42},[28,152405,381],{"class":46},[28,152407,234],{"class":42},[28,152409,2759],{"class":93},[28,152411,43],{"class":42},[28,152413,4533],{"class":46},[28,152415,234],{"class":42},[28,152417,2759],{"class":93},[28,152419,43],{"class":42},[28,152421,9518],{"class":46},[28,152423,234],{"class":42},[28,152425,2759],{"class":93},[28,152427,43],{"class":42},[28,152429,4533],{"class":46},[28,152431,234],{"class":42},[28,152433,2759],{"class":93},[28,152435,43],{"class":42},[28,152437,18555],{"class":46},[28,152439,234],{"class":42},[28,152441,101],{"class":93},[28,152443,152444],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152445,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,152449,115],{"class":114},[28,152451,94],{"class":93},[28,152453,35933],{"class":120},[28,152455,385],{"class":93},[28,152457,35635],{"class":120},[28,152459,94],{"class":93},[28,152461,234],{"class":42},[28,152463,4533],{"class":46},[28,152465,234],{"class":42},[28,152467,5136],{"class":93},[28,152469,152470],{"class":1006},"        # 1\n",[28,152472,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,152474,115],{"class":114},[28,152476,94],{"class":93},[28,152478,35933],{"class":120},[28,152480,385],{"class":93},[28,152482,35635],{"class":120},[28,152484,94],{"class":93},[28,152486,234],{"class":42},[28,152488,4533],{"class":46},[28,152490,234],{"class":42},[28,152492,2759],{"class":93},[28,152494,2762],{"class":97},[28,152496,5136],{"class":93},[28,152498,50698],{"class":1006},[28,152500,152501,152503,152505,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,152502,115],{"class":114},[28,152504,94],{"class":93},[28,152506,35933],{"class":120},[28,152508,385],{"class":93},[28,152510,35635],{"class":120},[28,152512,94],{"class":93},[28,152514,234],{"class":42},[28,152516,4533],{"class":46},[28,152518,234],{"class":42},[28,152520,2759],{"class":93},[28,152522,5273],{"class":97},[28,152524,2759],{"class":93},[28,152526,2221],{"class":97},[28,152528,5136],{"class":93},[28,152530,27569],{"class":1006},[172,152532,103148],{"id":103147},[14,152534,152535,25297],{},[25,152536,148770],{},[177,152538,152539,152542],{},[180,152540,152541],{},"An integer",[180,152543,152544],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152546,152547],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152549,924],{},[18,152551,152553],{"className":20,"code":152552,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[25,152554,152555,152595,152617],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152556,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152558,108247],{"class":34},[28,152560,39],{"class":38},[28,152562,9015],{"class":93},[28,152564,234],{"class":42},[28,152566,36838],{"class":46},[28,152568,234],{"class":42},[28,152570,2759],{"class":93},[28,152572,43],{"class":42},[28,152574,57907],{"class":46},[28,152576,234],{"class":42},[28,152578,2759],{"class":93},[28,152580,43],{"class":42},[28,152582,57924],{"class":46},[28,152584,234],{"class":42},[28,152586,2759],{"class":93},[28,152588,43],{"class":42},[28,152590,57907],{"class":46},[28,152592,234],{"class":42},[28,152594,101],{"class":93},[28,152596,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152598,1999],{"class":34},[28,152600,39],{"class":38},[28,152602,108290],{"class":34},[28,152604,385],{"class":93},[28,152606,35635],{"class":120},[28,152608,94],{"class":93},[28,152610,234],{"class":42},[28,152612,57907],{"class":46},[28,152614,234],{"class":42},[28,152616,101],{"class":93},[28,152618,152619,152621,152623,152625],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,152620,115],{"class":114},[28,152622,94],{"class":93},[28,152624,2033],{"class":120},[28,152626,101],{"class":93},[14,152628,336],{},[18,152630,152631],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,152632,152633],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152634,152635],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152636,46700],{"class":97},[172,152638,152640],{"id":152639},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152642,1631,152643,10381],{},[25,152644,148770],{},[177,152646,152647,152649,152652],{},[180,152648,65877],{},[180,152650,152651],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[180,152653,152654],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152656,152657,152658,152661,152662,385],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[25,152659,152660],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[381,152663,149238],{"href":152664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[172,152666,65409],{"id":65408},[14,152668,152669,152670,385],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[25,152671,40496],{},[14,152673,924],{},[18,152675,152677],{"className":20,"code":152676,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[25,152678,152679,152711],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152680,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152682,12860],{"class":34},[28,152684,39],{"class":38},[28,152686,9015],{"class":93},[28,152688,234],{"class":42},[28,152690,12877],{"class":46},[28,152692,234],{"class":42},[28,152694,2759],{"class":93},[28,152696,43],{"class":42},[28,152698,12894],{"class":46},[28,152700,234],{"class":42},[28,152702,2759],{"class":93},[28,152704,43],{"class":42},[28,152706,17242],{"class":46},[28,152708,234],{"class":42},[28,152710,101],{"class":93},[28,152712,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152714,115],{"class":114},[28,152716,94],{"class":93},[28,152718,17289],{"class":120},[28,152720,385],{"class":93},[28,152722,35635],{"class":120},[28,152724,94],{"class":93},[28,152726,234],{"class":42},[28,152728,22311],{"class":46},[28,152730,234],{"class":42},[28,152732,318],{"class":93},[14,152734,39446,152735,152737],{},[25,152736,109572],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152739,65484],{},[18,152741,152743],{"className":20,"code":152742,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[25,152744,152745,152777,152781,152797,152819,152825],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152748,12860],{"class":34},[28,152750,39],{"class":38},[28,152752,9015],{"class":93},[28,152754,234],{"class":42},[28,152756,12877],{"class":46},[28,152758,234],{"class":42},[28,152760,2759],{"class":93},[28,152762,43],{"class":42},[28,152764,12894],{"class":46},[28,152766,234],{"class":42},[28,152768,2759],{"class":93},[28,152770,43],{"class":42},[28,152772,17242],{"class":46},[28,152774,234],{"class":42},[28,152776,101],{"class":93},[28,152778,152779],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152780,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,152782,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,152784,6773],{"class":3644},[28,152786,43],{"class":42},[28,152788,22311],{"class":46},[28,152790,234],{"class":42},[28,152792,20961],{"class":38},[28,152794,12908],{"class":34},[28,152796,6170],{"class":93},[28,152798,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,152800,7844],{"class":114},[28,152802,94],{"class":93},[28,152804,17289],{"class":120},[28,152806,385],{"class":93},[28,152808,35635],{"class":120},[28,152810,94],{"class":93},[28,152812,234],{"class":42},[28,152814,22311],{"class":46},[28,152816,234],{"class":42},[28,152818,318],{"class":93},[28,152820,152821,152823],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,152822,27223],{"class":3644},[28,152824,6170],{"class":93},[28,152826,152827,152829,152831,152833,152836,152838],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,152828,7844],{"class":114},[28,152830,94],{"class":93},[28,152832,234],{"class":42},[28,152834,152835],{"class":46},"Value not found",[28,152837,234],{"class":42},[28,152839,101],{"class":93},[14,152841,336],{},[18,152843,152845],{"className":20,"code":152844,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Value not found\n",[25,152846,152847],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152848,152849,152852,152854],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152850,152851],{"class":34},"Value ",[28,152853,4402],{"class":38},[28,152855,65608],{"class":34},[14,152857,152858,152859,385],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[381,152860,65618],{"href":65617},[172,152862,8194,152863,1323,152865],{"id":65185},[25,152864,35862],{},[25,152866,52440],{},[14,152868,679,152869,1323,152871,152873],{},[25,152870,35862],{},[25,152872,52440],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,152875,152876],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,152878,924],{},[18,152880,152882],{"className":20,"code":152881,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[25,152883,152884,152912,152916,152937,152961],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,152885,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,152887,3591],{"class":34},[28,152889,39],{"class":38},[28,152891,9015],{"class":93},[28,152893,1905],{"class":97},[28,152895,2759],{"class":93},[28,152897,5781],{"class":97},[28,152899,2759],{"class":93},[28,152901,4376],{"class":97},[28,152903,2759],{"class":93},[28,152905,7566],{"class":97},[28,152907,2759],{"class":93},[28,152909,4376],{"class":97},[28,152911,101],{"class":93},[28,152913,152914],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,152915,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,152917,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,152919,115],{"class":114},[28,152921,94],{"class":93},[28,152923,5133],{"class":120},[28,152925,385],{"class":93},[28,152927,35635],{"class":120},[28,152929,94],{"class":93},[28,152931,1905],{"class":97},[28,152933,5136],{"class":93},[28,152935,152936],{"class":1006},"        # 0\n",[28,152938,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,152940,115],{"class":114},[28,152942,94],{"class":93},[28,152944,5133],{"class":120},[28,152946,385],{"class":93},[28,152948,35635],{"class":120},[28,152950,94],{"class":93},[28,152952,1905],{"class":97},[28,152954,2759],{"class":93},[28,152956,5273],{"class":97},[28,152958,5136],{"class":93},[28,152960,50732],{"class":1006},[28,152962,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,152964,115],{"class":114},[28,152966,94],{"class":93},[28,152968,5133],{"class":120},[28,152970,385],{"class":93},[28,152972,35635],{"class":120},[28,152974,94],{"class":93},[28,152976,1905],{"class":97},[28,152978,2759],{"class":93},[28,152980,2221],{"class":97},[28,152982,2759],{"class":93},[28,152984,4376],{"class":97},[28,152986,5136],{"class":93},[28,152988,50715],{"class":1006},[1109,152990,152992],{"id":152991},"how-it-works","How it works",[177,152994,152995,153000,153005],{},[180,152996,152997,152999],{},[25,152998,35862],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[180,153001,153002,153004],{},[25,153003,52440],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[180,153006,679,153007,153009],{},[25,153008,52440],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153011,924],{},[18,153013,153015],{"className":20,"code":153014,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[25,153016,153017,153045,153049],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153018,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153020,3591],{"class":34},[28,153022,39],{"class":38},[28,153024,9015],{"class":93},[28,153026,1905],{"class":97},[28,153028,2759],{"class":93},[28,153030,5781],{"class":97},[28,153032,2759],{"class":93},[28,153034,4376],{"class":97},[28,153036,2759],{"class":93},[28,153038,7566],{"class":97},[28,153040,2759],{"class":93},[28,153042,4376],{"class":97},[28,153044,101],{"class":93},[28,153046,153047],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153048,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,153050,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153052,115],{"class":114},[28,153054,94],{"class":93},[28,153056,5133],{"class":120},[28,153058,385],{"class":93},[28,153060,35635],{"class":120},[28,153062,94],{"class":93},[28,153064,1905],{"class":97},[28,153066,2759],{"class":93},[28,153068,5273],{"class":97},[28,153070,2759],{"class":93},[28,153072,2226],{"class":97},[28,153074,318],{"class":93},[14,153076,336],{},[18,153078,153079],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,153080,153081],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153082,153083],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153084,16842],{"class":97},[14,153086,153087,153088,1959,153090,16858,153092,153094,153095,385],{},"Python searches positions ",[25,153089,2756],{},[25,153091,1825],{},[25,153093,1831],{},", but not ",[25,153096,2275],{},[172,153098,153100],{"id":153099},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153102,153103,153104,271],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[25,153105,148770],{},[177,153107,153108,153116,153121,153128],{},[180,153109,153110,153111,153113,153114],{},"Do not confuse the ",[163,153112,2242],{}," with the ",[163,153115,35635],{},[180,153117,153118,153119],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[25,153120,1888],{},[180,153122,1631,153123,153127],{},[381,153124,148796,153125,1689],{"href":148848},[25,153126,57070],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[180,153129,153130,153131,153133],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[25,153132,152660],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153135,153136],{},"Example of value vs index:",[18,153138,153140],{"className":20,"code":153139,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[25,153141,153142,153174,153178,153202],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153143,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153145,36029],{"class":34},[28,153147,39],{"class":38},[28,153149,9015],{"class":93},[28,153151,234],{"class":42},[28,153153,3849],{"class":46},[28,153155,234],{"class":42},[28,153157,2759],{"class":93},[28,153159,43],{"class":42},[28,153161,3858],{"class":46},[28,153163,234],{"class":42},[28,153165,2759],{"class":93},[28,153167,43],{"class":42},[28,153169,33012],{"class":46},[28,153171,234],{"class":42},[28,153173,101],{"class":93},[28,153175,153176],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153177,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,153179,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153181,115],{"class":114},[28,153183,94],{"class":93},[28,153185,36081],{"class":120},[28,153187,385],{"class":93},[28,153189,35635],{"class":120},[28,153191,94],{"class":93},[28,153193,234],{"class":42},[28,153195,3858],{"class":46},[28,153197,234],{"class":42},[28,153199,5136],{"class":93},[28,153201,27569],{"class":1006},[28,153203,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,153205,115],{"class":114},[28,153207,94],{"class":93},[28,153209,36081],{"class":120},[28,153211,3669],{"class":93},[28,153213,2756],{"class":97},[28,153215,20234],{"class":93},[28,153217,153218],{"class":1006},"               # banana\n",[14,153220,1949],{},[177,153222,153223,153227],{},[180,153224,153225,15031],{},[25,153226,65053],{},[180,153228,153229,153231],{},[25,153230,2756],{}," is the index",[172,153233,1104],{"id":1103},[14,153235,105886,153236,271],{},[25,153237,148770],{},[177,153239,153240,153243,153248,153253,153260],{},[180,153241,153242],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[180,153244,8230,153245,153247],{},[25,153246,58748],{}," to return all matching positions",[180,153249,153250,153251],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[25,153252,1888],{},[180,153254,153255,153256,1323,153258],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[25,153257,35862],{},[25,153259,52440],{},[180,153261,36995,153262,153264],{},[25,153263,148770],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1109,153266,1517],{"id":1516},[14,153268,94148],{},[18,153270,153272],{"className":20,"code":153271,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[25,153273,153274,153284,153298,153313,153331],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153275,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153277,115],{"class":114},[28,153279,94],{"class":93},[28,153281,147583],{"class":120},[28,153283,101],{"class":93},[28,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153287,115],{"class":114},[28,153289,94],{"class":93},[28,153291,10941],{"class":114},[28,153293,94],{"class":93},[28,153295,147583],{"class":120},[28,153297,318],{"class":93},[28,153299,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153311],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153301,115],{"class":114},[28,153303,94],{"class":93},[28,153305,2216],{"class":120},[28,153307,3651],{"class":3644},[28,153309,153310],{"class":120}," my_tuple",[28,153312,101],{"class":93},[28,153314,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,153316,115],{"class":114},[28,153318,94],{"class":93},[28,153320,147583],{"class":120},[28,153322,385],{"class":93},[28,153324,41052],{"class":120},[28,153326,94],{"class":93},[28,153328,2242],{"class":120},[28,153330,318],{"class":93},[28,153332,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,153334,115],{"class":114},[28,153336,94],{"class":93},[28,153338,147583],{"class":120},[28,153340,385],{"class":93},[28,153342,35635],{"class":120},[28,153344,94],{"class":93},[28,153346,2242],{"class":120},[28,153348,318],{"class":93},[14,153350,153351,153352,84175,153354,153356],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[25,153353,40496],{},[25,153355,2242],{}," is missing.",[14,153358,129200],{},[18,153360,153362],{"className":20,"code":153361,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[25,153363,153364,153376,153394,153400],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153365,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153367,6773],{"class":3644},[28,153369,21372],{"class":34},[28,153371,3651],{"class":38},[28,153373,153310],{"class":34},[28,153375,6170],{"class":93},[28,153377,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153379,7844],{"class":114},[28,153381,94],{"class":93},[28,153383,147583],{"class":120},[28,153385,385],{"class":93},[28,153387,35635],{"class":120},[28,153389,94],{"class":93},[28,153391,2242],{"class":120},[28,153393,318],{"class":93},[28,153395,153396,153398],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153397,27223],{"class":3644},[28,153399,6170],{"class":93},[28,153401,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,153403,7844],{"class":114},[28,153405,94],{"class":93},[28,153407,234],{"class":42},[28,153409,152835],{"class":46},[28,153411,234],{"class":42},[28,153413,101],{"class":93},[172,153415,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,153417,4915,153419,12499],{"id":153418},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[25,153420,148770],{},[14,153422,153423],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1109,153425,153427],{"id":153426},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153429,153430,152297],{},[25,153431,148770],{},[1109,153433,148749],{"id":148748},[14,153435,76637,153436,385],{},[25,153437,40496],{},[1109,153439,153441],{"id":153440},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153443,153444,153445,1323,153447,153449],{},"Yes. You can use ",[25,153446,35862],{},[25,153448,52440],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1109,153451,14689,153453,56985,153455,2262],{"id":153452},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[25,153454,148770],{},[25,153456,64644],{},[14,153458,153459],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[172,153461,1662],{"id":1661},[177,153463,153464,153470,153474,153479,153483],{},[180,153465,153466],{},[381,153467,148796,153468,1689],{"href":148848},[25,153469,57070],{},[180,153471,153472],{},[381,153473,149238],{"href":152664},[180,153475,153476],{},[381,153477,153478],{"href":150544},"Creating a tuple in Python",[180,153480,153481],{},[381,153482,65618],{"href":65617},[180,153484,153485],{},[381,153486,150492],{"href":152302},[1699,153488,153489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927,"children":153496},[153497],{"id":17180,"depth":70,"text":17181},{"id":103147,"depth":53,"text":103148},{"id":152639,"depth":53,"text":152640},{"id":65408,"depth":53,"text":65409},{"id":65185,"depth":53,"text":65968,"children":153502},[153503],{"id":152991,"depth":70,"text":152992},{"id":153099,"depth":53,"text":153100},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104,"children":153506},[153507],{"id":1516,"depth":70,"text":1517},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":153509},[153510,153512,153513,153514,153515],{"id":153418,"depth":70,"text":153511},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153426,"depth":70,"text":153427},{"id":148748,"depth":70,"text":148749},{"id":153440,"depth":70,"text":153441},{"id":153452,"depth":70,"text":153516},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152104,"description":153518},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153525,"title":153526,"body":153527,"description":154922,"extension":1730,"meta":154923,"navigation":107,"path":152664,"seo":154924,"stem":154925,"__hash__":154926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153528,"toc":154904},[153529,153532,153535,153538,153552,153554,153557,153651,153661,153667,153671,153674,153677,153679,153697,153699,153770,153772,153789,153793,153797,153800,153817,153820,153835,153837,153928,153931,153935,153938,153955,153957,154052,154055,154058,154062,154065,154159,154161,154180,154183,154187,154190,154192,154247,154249,154284,154287,154301,154309,154402,154411,154415,154418,154425,154428,154475,154477,154485,154488,154539,154541,154558,154563,154567,154570,154573,154575,154626,154629,154684,154687,154690,154692,154695,154715,154717,154790,154793,154806,154808,154812,154817,154821,154826,154843,154847,154850,154867,154871,154874,154876,154901],[10,153530,153526],{"id":153531},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153533,153534],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153536,153537],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[177,153539,153540,153543,153546,153549],{},[180,153541,153542],{},"positive indexes",[180,153544,153545],{},"negative indexes",[180,153547,153548],{},"common indexing mistakes",[180,153550,153551],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[172,153553,3373],{"id":3372},[14,153555,153556],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[18,153558,153560],{"className":20,"code":153559,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[25,153561,153562,153594,153598,153615,153632],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153563,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153565,12860],{"class":34},[28,153567,39],{"class":38},[28,153569,9015],{"class":93},[28,153571,234],{"class":42},[28,153573,12877],{"class":46},[28,153575,234],{"class":42},[28,153577,2759],{"class":93},[28,153579,43],{"class":42},[28,153581,17242],{"class":46},[28,153583,234],{"class":42},[28,153585,2759],{"class":93},[28,153587,43],{"class":42},[28,153589,12894],{"class":46},[28,153591,234],{"class":42},[28,153593,101],{"class":93},[28,153595,153596],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153597,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,153599,153600,153602,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153601,115],{"class":114},[28,153603,94],{"class":93},[28,153605,17289],{"class":120},[28,153607,3669],{"class":93},[28,153609,1888],{"class":97},[28,153611,20234],{"class":93},[28,153613,153614],{"class":1006},"   # red\n",[28,153616,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,153618,115],{"class":114},[28,153620,94],{"class":93},[28,153622,17289],{"class":120},[28,153624,3669],{"class":93},[28,153626,2756],{"class":97},[28,153628,20234],{"class":93},[28,153630,153631],{"class":1006},"   # green\n",[28,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,153635,115],{"class":114},[28,153637,94],{"class":93},[28,153639,17289],{"class":120},[28,153641,3669],{"class":93},[28,153643,1790],{"class":38},[28,153645,2756],{"class":97},[28,153647,20234],{"class":93},[28,153649,153650],{"class":1006},"  # blue\n",[177,153652,153653,153658],{},[180,153654,131989,153655,153657],{},[25,153656,1888],{}," is the first item.",[180,153659,153660],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153662,153663,153664,385],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[381,153665,153666],{"href":147568},"how to create a tuple in Python",[172,153668,153670],{"id":153669},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153672,153673],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153675,153676],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153678,11239],{},[177,153680,153681,153684,153691,153694],{},[180,153682,153683],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[180,153685,153686,153687,18751,153689],{},"Python starts counting at ",[25,153688,1888],{},[25,153690,2756],{},[180,153692,153693],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[180,153695,153696],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153698,924],{},[18,153700,153702],{"className":20,"code":153701,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[25,153703,153704,153724,153728,153742,153756],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153705,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153707,3383],{"class":34},[28,153709,39],{"class":38},[28,153711,9015],{"class":93},[28,153713,2099],{"class":97},[28,153715,2759],{"class":93},[28,153717,7566],{"class":97},[28,153719,2759],{"class":93},[28,153721,7571],{"class":97},[28,153723,101],{"class":93},[28,153725,153726],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153727,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,153729,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153731,115],{"class":114},[28,153733,94],{"class":93},[28,153735,3415],{"class":120},[28,153737,3669],{"class":93},[28,153739,1888],{"class":97},[28,153741,3657],{"class":93},[28,153743,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,153745,115],{"class":114},[28,153747,94],{"class":93},[28,153749,3415],{"class":120},[28,153751,3669],{"class":93},[28,153753,2756],{"class":97},[28,153755,3657],{"class":93},[28,153757,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,153759,115],{"class":114},[28,153761,94],{"class":93},[28,153763,3415],{"class":120},[28,153765,3669],{"class":93},[28,153767,1825],{"class":97},[28,153769,3657],{"class":93},[14,153771,336],{},[18,153773,153775],{"className":20,"code":153774,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10\n20\n30\n",[25,153776,153777,153781,153785],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153778,153779],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153780,2145],{"class":97},[28,153782,153783],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153784,71003],{"class":97},[28,153786,153787],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153788,69619],{"class":97},[14,153790,59173,153791,385],{},[381,153792,147565],{"href":147564},[172,153794,153796],{"id":153795},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153798,153799],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[177,153801,153802,153807,153812],{},[180,153803,153804,153806],{},[25,153805,1888],{}," = first item",[180,153808,153809,153811],{},[25,153810,2756],{}," = second item",[180,153813,153814,153816],{},[25,153815,1825],{}," = third item",[14,153818,153819],{},"Pattern:",[18,153821,153823],{"className":20,"code":153822,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple_name[index]\n",[25,153824,153825],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153826,153827,153829,153831,153833],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153828,152320],{"class":34},[28,153830,3669],{"class":93},[28,153832,35635],{"class":34},[28,153834,3401],{"class":93},[14,153836,924],{},[18,153838,153840],{"className":20,"code":153839,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[25,153841,153842,153874,153878,153895,153911],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153843,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153845,36029],{"class":34},[28,153847,39],{"class":38},[28,153849,9015],{"class":93},[28,153851,234],{"class":42},[28,153853,3849],{"class":46},[28,153855,234],{"class":42},[28,153857,2759],{"class":93},[28,153859,43],{"class":42},[28,153861,3858],{"class":46},[28,153863,234],{"class":42},[28,153865,2759],{"class":93},[28,153867,43],{"class":42},[28,153869,3867],{"class":46},[28,153871,234],{"class":42},[28,153873,101],{"class":93},[28,153875,153876],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153877,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,153879,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,153881,115],{"class":114},[28,153883,94],{"class":93},[28,153885,36081],{"class":120},[28,153887,3669],{"class":93},[28,153889,1888],{"class":97},[28,153891,20234],{"class":93},[28,153893,153894],{"class":1006},"  # apple\n",[28,153896,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,153898,115],{"class":114},[28,153900,94],{"class":93},[28,153902,36081],{"class":120},[28,153904,3669],{"class":93},[28,153906,2756],{"class":97},[28,153908,20234],{"class":93},[28,153910,51265],{"class":1006},[28,153912,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,153914,115],{"class":114},[28,153916,94],{"class":93},[28,153918,36081],{"class":120},[28,153920,3669],{"class":93},[28,153922,1825],{"class":97},[28,153924,20234],{"class":93},[28,153926,153927],{"class":1006},"  # cherry\n",[14,153929,153930],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[172,153932,153934],{"id":153933},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,153936,153937],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[177,153939,153940,153945,153950],{},[180,153941,153942,153944],{},[25,153943,65633],{}," = last item",[180,153946,153947,153949],{},[25,153948,95178],{}," = second-to-last item",[180,153951,153952,153954],{},[25,153953,47453],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,153956,924],{},[18,153958,153960],{"className":20,"code":153959,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[25,153961,153962,153994,153998,154016,154034],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,153963,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,153965,36029],{"class":34},[28,153967,39],{"class":38},[28,153969,9015],{"class":93},[28,153971,234],{"class":42},[28,153973,3849],{"class":46},[28,153975,234],{"class":42},[28,153977,2759],{"class":93},[28,153979,43],{"class":42},[28,153981,3858],{"class":46},[28,153983,234],{"class":42},[28,153985,2759],{"class":93},[28,153987,43],{"class":42},[28,153989,3867],{"class":46},[28,153991,234],{"class":42},[28,153993,101],{"class":93},[28,153995,153996],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,153997,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,153999,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154001,115],{"class":114},[28,154003,94],{"class":93},[28,154005,36081],{"class":120},[28,154007,3669],{"class":93},[28,154009,1790],{"class":38},[28,154011,2756],{"class":97},[28,154013,20234],{"class":93},[28,154015,153927],{"class":1006},[28,154017,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,154019,115],{"class":114},[28,154021,94],{"class":93},[28,154023,36081],{"class":120},[28,154025,3669],{"class":93},[28,154027,1790],{"class":38},[28,154029,1825],{"class":97},[28,154031,20234],{"class":93},[28,154033,51265],{"class":1006},[28,154035,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,154037,115],{"class":114},[28,154039,94],{"class":93},[28,154041,36081],{"class":120},[28,154043,3669],{"class":93},[28,154045,1790],{"class":38},[28,154047,1831],{"class":97},[28,154049,20234],{"class":93},[28,154051,153894],{"class":1006},[14,154053,154054],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154056,154057],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[172,154059,154061],{"id":154060},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154063,154064],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[18,154066,154068],{"className":20,"code":154067,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[25,154069,154070,154102,154106,154123,154140],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154071,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154073,4768],{"class":34},[28,154075,39],{"class":38},[28,154077,9015],{"class":93},[28,154079,234],{"class":42},[28,154081,12664],{"class":46},[28,154083,234],{"class":42},[28,154085,2759],{"class":93},[28,154087,43],{"class":42},[28,154089,35730],{"class":46},[28,154091,234],{"class":42},[28,154093,2759],{"class":93},[28,154095,43],{"class":42},[28,154097,35739],{"class":46},[28,154099,234],{"class":42},[28,154101,101],{"class":93},[28,154103,154104],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154105,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,154107,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154109,115],{"class":114},[28,154111,94],{"class":93},[28,154113,4811],{"class":120},[28,154115,3669],{"class":93},[28,154117,1888],{"class":97},[28,154119,20234],{"class":93},[28,154121,154122],{"class":1006},"   # first item\n",[28,154124,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,154126,115],{"class":114},[28,154128,94],{"class":93},[28,154130,4811],{"class":120},[28,154132,3669],{"class":93},[28,154134,2756],{"class":97},[28,154136,20234],{"class":93},[28,154138,154139],{"class":1006},"   # middle item\n",[28,154141,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,154143,115],{"class":114},[28,154145,94],{"class":93},[28,154147,4811],{"class":120},[28,154149,3669],{"class":93},[28,154151,1790],{"class":38},[28,154153,2756],{"class":97},[28,154155,20234],{"class":93},[28,154157,154158],{"class":1006},"  # last item\n",[14,154160,336],{},[18,154162,154164],{"className":20,"code":154163,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[25,154165,154166,154170,154175],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154167,154168],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154169,49821],{"class":34},[28,154171,154172],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154173,154174],{"class":34},"Ben\n",[28,154176,154177],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154178,154179],{"class":34},"Cara\n",[14,154181,154182],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[172,154184,154186],{"id":154185},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154188,154189],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154191,924],{},[18,154193,154195],{"className":20,"code":154194,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[25,154196,154197,154229,154233],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154198,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154200,35880],{"class":34},[28,154202,39],{"class":38},[28,154204,9015],{"class":93},[28,154206,234],{"class":42},[28,154208,381],{"class":46},[28,154210,234],{"class":42},[28,154212,2759],{"class":93},[28,154214,43],{"class":42},[28,154216,4533],{"class":46},[28,154218,234],{"class":42},[28,154220,2759],{"class":93},[28,154222,43],{"class":42},[28,154224,9518],{"class":46},[28,154226,234],{"class":42},[28,154228,101],{"class":93},[28,154230,154231],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154232,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,154234,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154236,115],{"class":114},[28,154238,94],{"class":93},[28,154240,35933],{"class":120},[28,154242,3669],{"class":93},[28,154244,1905],{"class":97},[28,154246,3657],{"class":93},[14,154248,336],{},[18,154250,154252],{"className":20,"code":154251,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[25,154253,154254,154266,154271],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154255,154256,154259,154261,154264],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154257,154258],{"class":120},"Traceback ",[28,154260,94],{"class":93},[28,154262,154263],{"class":120},"most recent call last",[28,154265,8118],{"class":93},[28,154267,154268],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154269,154270],{"class":1044},"  ...\n",[28,154272,154273,154275,154277,154279,154282],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154274,70510],{"class":89},[28,154276,271],{"class":93},[28,154278,148931],{"class":89},[28,154280,154281],{"class":34}," index out of ",[28,154283,70702],{"class":114},[14,154285,154286],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[177,154288,154289,154293,154297],{},[180,154290,154291],{},[25,154292,1888],{},[180,154294,154295],{},[25,154296,2756],{},[180,154298,154299],{},[25,154300,1825],{},[14,154302,154303,154304,385],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[381,154305,154306,154308],{"href":148803},[25,154307,42151],{}," on a tuple",[18,154310,154312],{"className":20,"code":154311,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[25,154313,154314,154346,154350,154366,154370,154388],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154315,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154317,35880],{"class":34},[28,154319,39],{"class":38},[28,154321,9015],{"class":93},[28,154323,234],{"class":42},[28,154325,381],{"class":46},[28,154327,234],{"class":42},[28,154329,2759],{"class":93},[28,154331,43],{"class":42},[28,154333,4533],{"class":46},[28,154335,234],{"class":42},[28,154337,2759],{"class":93},[28,154339,43],{"class":42},[28,154341,9518],{"class":46},[28,154343,234],{"class":42},[28,154345,101],{"class":93},[28,154347,154348],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154349,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,154351,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154353,115],{"class":114},[28,154355,94],{"class":93},[28,154357,10941],{"class":114},[28,154359,94],{"class":93},[28,154361,35933],{"class":120},[28,154363,5136],{"class":93},[28,154365,50550],{"class":1006},[28,154367,154368],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,154369,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,154371,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,154373,6773],{"class":3644},[28,154375,38178],{"class":114},[28,154377,94],{"class":93},[28,154379,35933],{"class":120},[28,154381,3428],{"class":93},[28,154383,38188],{"class":38},[28,154385,2762],{"class":97},[28,154387,6170],{"class":93},[28,154389,154390,154392,154394,154396,154398,154400],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,154391,7844],{"class":114},[28,154393,94],{"class":93},[28,154395,35933],{"class":120},[28,154397,3669],{"class":93},[28,154399,1825],{"class":97},[28,154401,3657],{"class":93},[14,154403,154404,154405,385],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[381,154406,25468,154408],{"href":154407},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[25,154409,154410],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[172,154412,154414],{"id":154413},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154416,154417],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[177,154419,154420,154422],{},[180,154421,76654],{},[180,154423,154424],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154426,154427],{},"Indexing example:",[18,154429,154431],{"className":20,"code":154430,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[25,154432,154433,154457,154461],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154434,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154436,3383],{"class":34},[28,154438,39],{"class":38},[28,154440,9015],{"class":93},[28,154442,2099],{"class":97},[28,154444,2759],{"class":93},[28,154446,7566],{"class":97},[28,154448,2759],{"class":93},[28,154450,7571],{"class":97},[28,154452,2759],{"class":93},[28,154454,50623],{"class":97},[28,154456,101],{"class":93},[28,154458,154459],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154460,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,154462,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154464,115],{"class":114},[28,154466,94],{"class":93},[28,154468,3415],{"class":120},[28,154470,3669],{"class":93},[28,154472,2756],{"class":97},[28,154474,3657],{"class":93},[14,154476,336],{},[18,154478,154479],{"className":20,"code":71003,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,154480,154481],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154482,154483],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154484,71003],{"class":97},[14,154486,154487],{},"Slicing example:",[18,154489,154491],{"className":20,"code":154490,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[25,154492,154493,154517,154521],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154494,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154496,3383],{"class":34},[28,154498,39],{"class":38},[28,154500,9015],{"class":93},[28,154502,2099],{"class":97},[28,154504,2759],{"class":93},[28,154506,7566],{"class":97},[28,154508,2759],{"class":93},[28,154510,7571],{"class":97},[28,154512,2759],{"class":93},[28,154514,50623],{"class":97},[28,154516,101],{"class":93},[28,154518,154519],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154520,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,154522,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154524,115],{"class":114},[28,154526,94],{"class":93},[28,154528,3415],{"class":120},[28,154530,3669],{"class":93},[28,154532,2756],{"class":97},[28,154534,271],{"class":93},[28,154536,1831],{"class":97},[28,154538,3657],{"class":93},[14,154540,336],{},[18,154542,154544],{"className":20,"code":154543,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(20, 30)\n",[25,154545,154546],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154547,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154549,94],{"class":93},[28,154551,15539],{"class":97},[28,154553,2759],{"class":93},[28,154555,7571],{"class":97},[28,154557,101],{"class":93},[14,154559,154560,154561,385],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[381,154562,150482],{"href":150481},[172,154564,154566],{"id":154565},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154568,154569],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154571,154572],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154574,6463],{},[18,154576,154578],{"className":20,"code":154577,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[25,154579,154580,154612],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154581,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154583,12860],{"class":34},[28,154585,39],{"class":38},[28,154587,9015],{"class":93},[28,154589,234],{"class":42},[28,154591,12877],{"class":46},[28,154593,234],{"class":42},[28,154595,2759],{"class":93},[28,154597,43],{"class":42},[28,154599,17242],{"class":46},[28,154601,234],{"class":42},[28,154603,2759],{"class":93},[28,154605,43],{"class":42},[28,154607,12894],{"class":46},[28,154609,234],{"class":42},[28,154611,101],{"class":93},[28,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154615,115],{"class":114},[28,154617,94],{"class":93},[28,154619,17289],{"class":120},[28,154621,3669],{"class":93},[28,154623,2756],{"class":97},[28,154625,3657],{"class":93},[14,154627,154628],{},"But this does not work:",[18,154630,154632],{"className":20,"code":154631,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[25,154633,154634,154666],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154635,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154637,12860],{"class":34},[28,154639,39],{"class":38},[28,154641,9015],{"class":93},[28,154643,234],{"class":42},[28,154645,12877],{"class":46},[28,154647,234],{"class":42},[28,154649,2759],{"class":93},[28,154651,43],{"class":42},[28,154653,17242],{"class":46},[28,154655,234],{"class":42},[28,154657,2759],{"class":93},[28,154659,43],{"class":42},[28,154661,12894],{"class":46},[28,154663,234],{"class":42},[28,154665,101],{"class":93},[28,154667,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154669,17289],{"class":34},[28,154671,3669],{"class":93},[28,154673,2756],{"class":97},[28,154675,13058],{"class":93},[28,154677,13061],{"class":38},[28,154679,43],{"class":42},[28,154681,22311],{"class":46},[28,154683,50],{"class":42},[14,154685,154686],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154688,154689],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[172,154691,1104],{"id":1103},[14,154693,154694],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[177,154696,154697,154703,154706,154709],{},[180,154698,132293,154699,10871,154701],{},[25,154700,2756],{},[25,154702,1888],{},[180,154704,154705],{},"Using an index that is too large",[180,154707,154708],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[180,154710,154711,154712],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[25,154713,154714],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154716,62074],{},[18,154718,154720],{"className":20,"code":154719,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[25,154721,154722,154732,154746,154760,154776],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154723,154724,154726,154728,154730],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154725,115],{"class":114},[28,154727,94],{"class":93},[28,154729,147583],{"class":120},[28,154731,101],{"class":93},[28,154733,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154735,115],{"class":114},[28,154737,94],{"class":93},[28,154739,10941],{"class":114},[28,154741,94],{"class":93},[28,154743,147583],{"class":120},[28,154745,318],{"class":93},[28,154747,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,154749,115],{"class":114},[28,154751,94],{"class":93},[28,154753,147583],{"class":120},[28,154755,3669],{"class":93},[28,154757,1888],{"class":97},[28,154759,3657],{"class":93},[28,154761,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,154763,115],{"class":114},[28,154765,94],{"class":93},[28,154767,147583],{"class":120},[28,154769,3669],{"class":93},[28,154771,1790],{"class":38},[28,154773,2756],{"class":97},[28,154775,3657],{"class":93},[28,154777,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,154779,115],{"class":114},[28,154781,94],{"class":93},[28,154783,311],{"class":89},[28,154785,94],{"class":93},[28,154787,147583],{"class":120},[28,154789,318],{"class":93},[14,154791,154792],{},"These can help you confirm:",[177,154794,154795,154798,154800,154803],{},[180,154796,154797],{},"what the tuple contains",[180,154799,60563],{},[180,154801,154802],{},"what the first and last items are",[180,154804,154805],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[172,154807,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,154809,154811],{"id":154810},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154813,154814,154815,385],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[25,154816,1888],{},[1109,154818,154820],{"id":154819},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154822,1631,154823,154825],{},[25,154824,65633],{}," as the index:",[18,154827,154829],{"className":20,"code":154828,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[25,154830,154831],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154832,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154834,147583],{"class":34},[28,154836,3669],{"class":93},[28,154838,1790],{"class":38},[28,154840,2756],{"class":97},[28,154842,3401],{"class":93},[1109,154844,154846],{"id":154845},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154848,154849],{},"Python raises:",[18,154851,154853],{"className":20,"code":154852,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[25,154854,154855],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154856,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154858,70510],{"class":89},[28,154860,271],{"class":93},[28,154862,148931],{"class":89},[28,154864,154281],{"class":34},[28,154866,70702],{"class":114},[1109,154868,154870],{"id":154869},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,154872,154873],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[172,154875,1662],{"id":1661},[177,154877,154878,154883,154887,154891,154897],{},[180,154879,154880],{},[381,154881,154882],{"href":147568},"How to create a tuple in Python",[180,154884,154885],{},[381,154886,150482],{"href":150481},[180,154888,154889],{},[381,154890,150487],{"href":148803},[180,154892,154893],{},[381,154894,25911,154895],{"href":154407},[25,154896,154410],{},[180,154898,154899],{},[381,154900,147565],{"href":147564},[1699,154902,154903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":154905},[154906,154907,154908,154909,154910,154911,154912,154913,154914,154915,154921],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":153669,"depth":53,"text":153670},{"id":153795,"depth":53,"text":153796},{"id":153933,"depth":53,"text":153934},{"id":154060,"depth":53,"text":154061},{"id":154185,"depth":53,"text":154186},{"id":154413,"depth":53,"text":154414},{"id":154565,"depth":53,"text":154566},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":154916},[154917,154918,154919,154920],{"id":154810,"depth":70,"text":154811},{"id":154819,"depth":70,"text":154820},{"id":154845,"depth":70,"text":154846},{"id":154869,"depth":70,"text":154870},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153526,"description":154922},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154928,"title":154929,"body":154930,"description":156819,"extension":1730,"meta":156820,"navigation":107,"path":156821,"seo":156822,"stem":156823,"__hash__":156824},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154931,"toc":156776},[154932,154938,154943,154994,154998,155006,155012,155014,155030,155032,155035,155050,155052,155065,155067,155124,155128,155136,155143,155149,155155,155159,155210,155214,155222,155226,155255,155259,155267,155271,155304,155308,155316,155320,155323,155374,155378,155386,155388,155405,155409,155413,155472,155476,155484,155487,155514,155518,155526,155530,155536,155611,155615,155652,155660,155664,155727,155731,155739,155744,155748,155754,155797,155801,155809,155815,155818,155865,155869,155877,155886,155892,155947,155951,155959,155962,155966,155968,155999,156003,156022,156025,156070,156074,156097,156103,156108,156110,156157,156162,156165,156213,156217,156225,156229,156234,156238,156288,156292,156307,156311,156369,156373,156388,156392,156463,156467,156476,156480,156559,156563,156585,156593,156595,156598,156623,156625,156678,156680,156697,156699,156703,156709,156714,156719,156723,156728,156732,156737,156743,156746,156748,156773],[10,154933,154935,154936,3428],{"id":154934},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[25,154937,10941],{},[14,154939,1631,154940,154942],{},[25,154941,42151],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[18,154944,154946],{"className":20,"code":154945,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[25,154947,154948,154980],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,154949,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,154951,12860],{"class":34},[28,154953,39],{"class":38},[28,154955,9015],{"class":93},[28,154957,234],{"class":42},[28,154959,12877],{"class":46},[28,154961,234],{"class":42},[28,154963,2759],{"class":93},[28,154965,43],{"class":42},[28,154967,17242],{"class":46},[28,154969,234],{"class":42},[28,154971,2759],{"class":93},[28,154973,43],{"class":42},[28,154975,12894],{"class":46},[28,154977,234],{"class":42},[28,154979,101],{"class":93},[28,154981,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,154983,115],{"class":114},[28,154985,94],{"class":93},[28,154987,10941],{"class":114},[28,154989,94],{"class":93},[28,154991,17289],{"class":120},[28,154993,318],{"class":93},[14,154995,154996],{},[163,154997,336],{},[18,154999,155000],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155001,155002],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155003,155004],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155005,46400],{"class":97},[14,155007,1631,155008,155011],{},[25,155009,155010],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[172,155013,175],{"id":174},[177,155015,155016,155021,155025,155028],{},[180,155017,3969,155018,155020],{},[25,155019,42151],{}," works with tuples",[180,155022,68037,155023,11487],{},[25,155024,42151],{},[180,155026,155027],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[180,155029,4290],{},[172,155031,1927],{"id":1926},[14,155033,155034],{},"Use this pattern:",[18,155036,155038],{"className":20,"code":155037,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"len(my_tuple)\n",[25,155039,155040],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155041,155042,155044,155046,155048],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155043,10941],{"class":114},[28,155045,94],{"class":93},[28,155047,147583],{"class":120},[28,155049,101],{"class":93},[14,155051,11239],{},[177,155053,155054,155057,155060],{},[180,155055,155056],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[180,155058,155059],{},"The result is an integer",[180,155061,155062,155064],{},[25,155063,42151],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155066,924],{},[18,155068,155070],{"className":20,"code":155069,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[25,155071,155072,155096,155110,155114],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155073,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155075,3383],{"class":34},[28,155077,39],{"class":38},[28,155079,9015],{"class":93},[28,155081,2099],{"class":97},[28,155083,2759],{"class":93},[28,155085,7566],{"class":97},[28,155087,2759],{"class":93},[28,155089,7571],{"class":97},[28,155091,2759],{"class":93},[28,155093,50623],{"class":97},[28,155095,101],{"class":93},[28,155097,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155099,41034],{"class":34},[28,155101,39],{"class":38},[28,155103,38178],{"class":114},[28,155105,94],{"class":93},[28,155107,3415],{"class":120},[28,155109,101],{"class":93},[28,155111,155112],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,155113,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,155115,155116,155118,155120,155122],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,155117,115],{"class":114},[28,155119,94],{"class":93},[28,155121,41052],{"class":120},[28,155123,101],{"class":93},[14,155125,155126],{},[163,155127,336],{},[18,155129,155130],{"className":20,"code":48432,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155131,155132],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155133,155134],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155135,48432],{"class":97},[14,155137,155138,155139,385],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[381,155140,858,155141,861],{"href":42148},[25,155142,42151],{},[172,155144,3445,155146,155148],{"id":155145},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[25,155147,42151],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155150,155151,155152,155154],{},"For a tuple, ",[25,155153,42151],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1109,155156,155158],{"id":155157},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[18,155160,155162],{"className":20,"code":155161,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[25,155163,155164,155196],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155165,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155167,36029],{"class":34},[28,155169,39],{"class":38},[28,155171,9015],{"class":93},[28,155173,234],{"class":42},[28,155175,3849],{"class":46},[28,155177,234],{"class":42},[28,155179,2759],{"class":93},[28,155181,43],{"class":42},[28,155183,3858],{"class":46},[28,155185,234],{"class":42},[28,155187,2759],{"class":93},[28,155189,43],{"class":42},[28,155191,33012],{"class":46},[28,155193,234],{"class":42},[28,155195,101],{"class":93},[28,155197,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155199,115],{"class":114},[28,155201,94],{"class":93},[28,155203,10941],{"class":114},[28,155205,94],{"class":93},[28,155207,36081],{"class":120},[28,155209,318],{"class":93},[14,155211,155212],{},[163,155213,336],{},[18,155215,155216],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155217,155218],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155219,155220],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155221,46400],{"class":97},[1109,155223,155225],{"id":155224},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[18,155227,155229],{"className":20,"code":155228,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[25,155230,155231,155240],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155232,155233,155236,155238],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155234,155235],{"class":34},"empty_tuple ",[28,155237,39],{"class":38},[28,155239,148907],{"class":93},[28,155241,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250,155253],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155243,115],{"class":114},[28,155245,94],{"class":93},[28,155247,10941],{"class":114},[28,155249,94],{"class":93},[28,155251,155252],{"class":120},"empty_tuple",[28,155254,318],{"class":93},[14,155256,155257],{},[163,155258,336],{},[18,155260,155261],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155262,155263],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155264,155265],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155266,47035],{"class":97},[1109,155268,155270],{"id":155269},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[18,155272,155274],{"className":20,"code":155273,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[25,155275,155276,155289],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155277,155278,155281,155283,155285,155287],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155279,155280],{"class":34},"single_value ",[28,155282,39],{"class":38},[28,155284,9015],{"class":93},[28,155286,1905],{"class":97},[28,155288,148921],{"class":93},[28,155290,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155302],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155292,115],{"class":114},[28,155294,94],{"class":93},[28,155296,10941],{"class":114},[28,155298,94],{"class":93},[28,155300,155301],{"class":120},"single_value",[28,155303,318],{"class":93},[14,155305,155306],{},[163,155307,336],{},[18,155309,155310],{"className":20,"code":46700,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155311,155312],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155313,155314],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155315,46700],{"class":97},[1109,155317,155319],{"id":155318},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155321,155322],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[18,155324,155326],{"className":20,"code":155325,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[25,155327,155328,155360],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155329,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155331,8944],{"class":34},[28,155333,39],{"class":38},[28,155335,9015],{"class":93},[28,155337,2756],{"class":97},[28,155339,2759],{"class":93},[28,155341,9015],{"class":93},[28,155343,1825],{"class":97},[28,155345,2759],{"class":93},[28,155347,2221],{"class":97},[28,155349,9012],{"class":93},[28,155351,3388],{"class":93},[28,155353,2275],{"class":97},[28,155355,2759],{"class":93},[28,155357,4376],{"class":97},[28,155359,3657],{"class":93},[28,155361,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155363,115],{"class":114},[28,155365,94],{"class":93},[28,155367,10941],{"class":114},[28,155369,94],{"class":93},[28,155371,8983],{"class":120},[28,155373,318],{"class":93},[14,155375,155376],{},[163,155377,336],{},[18,155379,155380],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155381,155382],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155383,155384],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155385,46400],{"class":97},[14,155387,19745],{},[177,155389,155390,155395,155400],{},[180,155391,155392,155394],{},[25,155393,2756],{}," is one item",[180,155396,155397,155394],{},[25,155398,155399],{},"(2, 3)",[180,155401,155402,155394],{},[25,155403,155404],{},"[4, 5]",[172,155406,155408],{"id":155407},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1109,155410,155412],{"id":155411},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[18,155414,155416],{"className":20,"code":155415,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[25,155417,155418,155458],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155419,155420,155422,155424,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155421,12860],{"class":34},[28,155423,39],{"class":38},[28,155425,9015],{"class":93},[28,155427,234],{"class":42},[28,155429,12877],{"class":46},[28,155431,234],{"class":42},[28,155433,2759],{"class":93},[28,155435,43],{"class":42},[28,155437,17242],{"class":46},[28,155439,234],{"class":42},[28,155441,2759],{"class":93},[28,155443,43],{"class":42},[28,155445,12894],{"class":46},[28,155447,234],{"class":42},[28,155449,2759],{"class":93},[28,155451,43],{"class":42},[28,155453,22311],{"class":46},[28,155455,234],{"class":42},[28,155457,101],{"class":93},[28,155459,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155461,115],{"class":114},[28,155463,94],{"class":93},[28,155465,10941],{"class":114},[28,155467,94],{"class":93},[28,155469,17289],{"class":120},[28,155471,318],{"class":93},[14,155473,155474],{},[163,155475,336],{},[18,155477,155478],{"className":20,"code":48432,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155479,155480],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155481,155482],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155483,48432],{"class":97},[1109,155485,155225],{"id":155486},"empty-tuple-1",[18,155488,155490],{"className":20,"code":155489,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[25,155491,155492,155500],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155493,155494,155496,155498],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155495,7555],{"class":34},[28,155497,39],{"class":38},[28,155499,148907],{"class":93},[28,155501,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155503,115],{"class":114},[28,155505,94],{"class":93},[28,155507,10941],{"class":114},[28,155509,94],{"class":93},[28,155511,7586],{"class":120},[28,155513,318],{"class":93},[14,155515,155516],{},[163,155517,336],{},[18,155519,155520],{"className":20,"code":47035,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155521,155522],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155523,155524],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155525,47035],{"class":97},[1109,155527,155529],{"id":155528},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155531,155532,155533,155535],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[163,155534,4402],{}," always a tuple.",[18,155537,155539],{"className":20,"code":155538,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[25,155540,155541,155553,155565,155569,155583,155597],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155542,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155544,885],{"class":34},[28,155546,39],{"class":38},[28,155548,9015],{"class":93},[28,155550,1905],{"class":97},[28,155552,101],{"class":93},[28,155554,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155556,899],{"class":34},[28,155558,39],{"class":38},[28,155560,9015],{"class":93},[28,155562,1905],{"class":97},[28,155564,148921],{"class":93},[28,155566,155567],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,155568,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,155570,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,155572,115],{"class":114},[28,155574,94],{"class":93},[28,155576,311],{"class":89},[28,155578,94],{"class":93},[28,155580,381],{"class":120},[28,155582,318],{"class":93},[28,155584,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,155586,115],{"class":114},[28,155588,94],{"class":93},[28,155590,311],{"class":89},[28,155592,94],{"class":93},[28,155594,4533],{"class":120},[28,155596,318],{"class":93},[28,155598,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,155600,115],{"class":114},[28,155602,94],{"class":93},[28,155604,10941],{"class":114},[28,155606,94],{"class":93},[28,155608,4533],{"class":120},[28,155610,318],{"class":93},[14,155612,155613],{},[163,155614,336],{},[18,155616,155618],{"className":20,"code":155617,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[25,155619,155620,155634,155648],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155621,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155623,346],{"class":38},[28,155625,350],{"class":349},[28,155627,61],{"class":42},[28,155629,372],{"class":46},[28,155631,358],{"class":42},[28,155633,361],{"class":38},[28,155635,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155637,346],{"class":38},[28,155639,350],{"class":349},[28,155641,61],{"class":42},[28,155643,48734],{"class":46},[28,155645,358],{"class":42},[28,155647,361],{"class":38},[28,155649,155650],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,155651,46700],{"class":97},[14,155653,155654,155655,1323,155658,385],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[381,155656,155657],{"href":147568},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[381,155659,148869],{"href":148868},[1109,155661,155663],{"id":155662},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[18,155665,155667],{"className":20,"code":155666,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[25,155668,155669,155713],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155670,155671,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155672,59253],{"class":34},[28,155674,39],{"class":38},[28,155676,9015],{"class":93},[28,155678,234],{"class":42},[28,155680,3849],{"class":46},[28,155682,234],{"class":42},[28,155684,2759],{"class":93},[28,155686,3388],{"class":93},[28,155688,2756],{"class":97},[28,155690,2759],{"class":93},[28,155692,2762],{"class":97},[28,155694,17849],{"class":93},[28,155696,9015],{"class":93},[28,155698,234],{"class":42},[28,155700,1944],{"class":46},[28,155702,234],{"class":42},[28,155704,2759],{"class":93},[28,155706,43],{"class":42},[28,155708,11527],{"class":46},[28,155710,234],{"class":42},[28,155712,318],{"class":93},[28,155714,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155716,115],{"class":114},[28,155718,94],{"class":93},[28,155720,10941],{"class":114},[28,155722,94],{"class":93},[28,155724,59306],{"class":120},[28,155726,318],{"class":93},[14,155728,155729],{},[163,155730,336],{},[18,155732,155733],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155734,155735],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155736,155737],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155738,46400],{"class":97},[14,155740,155741,155743],{},[25,155742,42151],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[172,155745,155747],{"id":155746},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1109,155749,155751,155753],{"id":155750},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[25,155752,42151],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[18,155755,155757],{"className":20,"code":155756,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[25,155758,155759,155783],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155760,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155762,3840],{"class":34},[28,155764,39],{"class":38},[28,155766,9015],{"class":93},[28,155768,234],{"class":42},[28,155770,63375],{"class":46},[28,155772,234],{"class":42},[28,155774,2759],{"class":93},[28,155776,43],{"class":42},[28,155778,22],{"class":46},[28,155780,234],{"class":42},[28,155782,101],{"class":93},[28,155784,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155786,115],{"class":114},[28,155788,94],{"class":93},[28,155790,10941],{"class":114},[28,155792,94],{"class":93},[28,155794,3884],{"class":120},[28,155796,318],{"class":93},[14,155798,155799],{},[163,155800,336],{},[18,155802,155803],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155804,155805],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155806,155807],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155808,16842],{"class":97},[14,155810,155811,155812,155814],{},"This result is ",[25,155813,1825],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155816,155817],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[18,155819,155821],{"className":20,"code":155820,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[25,155822,155823,155847],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155824,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155826,3840],{"class":34},[28,155828,39],{"class":38},[28,155830,9015],{"class":93},[28,155832,234],{"class":42},[28,155834,63375],{"class":46},[28,155836,234],{"class":42},[28,155838,2759],{"class":93},[28,155840,43],{"class":42},[28,155842,22],{"class":46},[28,155844,234],{"class":42},[28,155846,101],{"class":93},[28,155848,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155850,115],{"class":114},[28,155852,94],{"class":93},[28,155854,10941],{"class":114},[28,155856,94],{"class":93},[28,155858,3884],{"class":120},[28,155860,3669],{"class":93},[28,155862,1888],{"class":97},[28,155864,2769],{"class":93},[14,155866,155867],{},[163,155868,336],{},[18,155870,155871],{"className":20,"code":16842,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155872,155873],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155874,155875],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155876,16842],{"class":97},[14,155878,20559,155879,155882,155883,385],{},[25,155880,155881],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[25,155884,155885],{},"\"hi\"",[1109,155887,155889,155891],{"id":155888},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[25,155890,42151],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[18,155893,155895],{"className":20,"code":155894,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[25,155896,155897,155933],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155898,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155900,3591],{"class":34},[28,155902,39],{"class":38},[28,155904,9774],{"class":93},[28,155906,2756],{"class":97},[28,155908,2759],{"class":93},[28,155910,2762],{"class":97},[28,155912,9012],{"class":93},[28,155914,9015],{"class":93},[28,155916,1831],{"class":97},[28,155918,2759],{"class":93},[28,155920,2226],{"class":97},[28,155922,9012],{"class":93},[28,155924,9015],{"class":93},[28,155926,1905],{"class":97},[28,155928,2759],{"class":93},[28,155930,37435],{"class":97},[28,155932,318],{"class":93},[28,155934,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155936,115],{"class":114},[28,155938,94],{"class":93},[28,155940,10941],{"class":114},[28,155942,94],{"class":93},[28,155944,5133],{"class":120},[28,155946,318],{"class":93},[14,155948,155949],{},[163,155950,336],{},[18,155952,155953],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,155954,155955],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155956,155957],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155958,46400],{"class":97},[14,155960,155961],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1109,155963,155965],{"id":155964},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,155967,25479],{},[18,155969,155971],{"className":20,"code":155970,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[25,155972,155973,155985],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,155974,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,155976,2216],{"class":34},[28,155978,39],{"class":38},[28,155980,9015],{"class":93},[28,155982,2099],{"class":97},[28,155984,101],{"class":93},[28,155986,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,155988,115],{"class":114},[28,155990,94],{"class":93},[28,155992,311],{"class":89},[28,155994,94],{"class":93},[28,155996,2242],{"class":120},[28,155998,318],{"class":93},[14,156000,156001],{},[163,156002,336],{},[18,156004,156006],{"className":20,"code":156005,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[25,156007,156008],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156009,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156011,346],{"class":38},[28,156013,350],{"class":349},[28,156015,61],{"class":42},[28,156017,372],{"class":46},[28,156019,358],{"class":42},[28,156021,361],{"class":38},[14,156023,156024],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[18,156026,156028],{"className":20,"code":156027,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[25,156029,156030,156042,156056],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156031,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156033,2216],{"class":34},[28,156035,39],{"class":38},[28,156037,9015],{"class":93},[28,156039,2099],{"class":97},[28,156041,148921],{"class":93},[28,156043,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156045,115],{"class":114},[28,156047,94],{"class":93},[28,156049,311],{"class":89},[28,156051,94],{"class":93},[28,156053,2242],{"class":120},[28,156055,318],{"class":93},[28,156057,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156059,115],{"class":114},[28,156061,94],{"class":93},[28,156063,10941],{"class":114},[28,156065,94],{"class":93},[28,156067,2242],{"class":120},[28,156069,318],{"class":93},[14,156071,156072],{},[163,156073,336],{},[18,156075,156077],{"className":20,"code":156076,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[25,156078,156079,156093],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156080,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156082,346],{"class":38},[28,156084,350],{"class":349},[28,156086,61],{"class":42},[28,156088,48734],{"class":46},[28,156090,358],{"class":42},[28,156092,361],{"class":38},[28,156094,156095],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156096,46700],{"class":97},[1109,156098,156100,156102],{"id":156099},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[25,156101,10941],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156104,44217,156105,156107],{},[25,156106,10941],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156109,44248],{},[18,156111,156113],{"className":20,"code":156112,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[25,156114,156115,156123,156143],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156116,156117,156119,156121],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156118,10941],{"class":114},[28,156120,13061],{"class":38},[28,156122,1470],{"class":97},[28,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156126,3383],{"class":34},[28,156128,39],{"class":38},[28,156130,9015],{"class":93},[28,156132,2756],{"class":97},[28,156134,2759],{"class":93},[28,156136,2762],{"class":97},[28,156138,2759],{"class":93},[28,156140,2221],{"class":97},[28,156142,101],{"class":93},[28,156144,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156146,115],{"class":114},[28,156148,94],{"class":93},[28,156150,10941],{"class":114},[28,156152,94],{"class":93},[28,156154,3415],{"class":120},[28,156156,318],{"class":93},[14,156158,39446,156159,156161],{},[25,156160,10941],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156163,156164],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[18,156166,156168],{"className":20,"code":156167,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[25,156169,156170,156179,156199],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156171,156172,156175,156177],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156173,156174],{"class":34},"length_value ",[28,156176,39],{"class":38},[28,156178,1470],{"class":97},[28,156180,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156182,3383],{"class":34},[28,156184,39],{"class":38},[28,156186,9015],{"class":93},[28,156188,2756],{"class":97},[28,156190,2759],{"class":93},[28,156192,2762],{"class":97},[28,156194,2759],{"class":93},[28,156196,2221],{"class":97},[28,156198,101],{"class":93},[28,156200,156201,156203,156205,156207,156209,156211],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156202,115],{"class":114},[28,156204,94],{"class":93},[28,156206,10941],{"class":114},[28,156208,94],{"class":93},[28,156210,3415],{"class":120},[28,156212,318],{"class":93},[14,156214,156215],{},[163,156216,336],{},[18,156218,156219],{"className":20,"code":46400,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,156220,156221],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156222,156223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156224,46400],{"class":97},[172,156226,156228],{"id":156227},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156230,156231,156233],{},[25,156232,42151],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1109,156235,156237],{"id":156236},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[18,156239,156241],{"className":20,"code":156240,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[25,156242,156243,156251,156255,156273],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156244,156245,156247,156249],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156246,7555],{"class":34},[28,156248,39],{"class":38},[28,156250,148907],{"class":93},[28,156252,156253],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156254,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,156256,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156258,6773],{"class":3644},[28,156260,38178],{"class":114},[28,156262,94],{"class":93},[28,156264,7586],{"class":120},[28,156266,3428],{"class":93},[28,156268,6185],{"class":38},[28,156270,3602],{"class":97},[28,156272,6170],{"class":93},[28,156274,156275,156277,156279,156281,156284,156286],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,156276,7844],{"class":114},[28,156278,94],{"class":93},[28,156280,234],{"class":42},[28,156282,156283],{"class":46},"The tuple is empty",[28,156285,234],{"class":42},[28,156287,101],{"class":93},[14,156289,156290],{},[163,156291,336],{},[18,156293,156295],{"className":20,"code":156294,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"The tuple is empty\n",[25,156296,156297],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156298,156299,156301,156303,156305],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156300,679],{"class":34},[28,156302,48734],{"class":89},[28,156304,7872],{"class":38},[28,156306,7878],{"class":34},[1109,156308,156310],{"id":156309},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[18,156312,156314],{"className":20,"code":156313,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[25,156315,156316,156332,156336,156354],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156317,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156319,51164],{"class":34},[28,156321,39],{"class":38},[28,156323,9015],{"class":93},[28,156325,2275],{"class":97},[28,156327,2759],{"class":93},[28,156329,5770],{"class":97},[28,156331,101],{"class":93},[28,156333,156334],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156335,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,156337,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156339,6773],{"class":3644},[28,156341,38178],{"class":114},[28,156343,94],{"class":93},[28,156345,51189],{"class":120},[28,156347,3428],{"class":93},[28,156349,6185],{"class":38},[28,156351,2762],{"class":97},[28,156353,6170],{"class":93},[28,156355,156356,156358,156360,156362,156365,156367],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,156357,7844],{"class":114},[28,156359,94],{"class":93},[28,156361,234],{"class":42},[28,156363,156364],{"class":46},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[28,156366,234],{"class":42},[28,156368,101],{"class":93},[14,156370,156371],{},[163,156372,336],{},[18,156374,156376],{"className":20,"code":156375,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[25,156377,156378],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156379,156380,156383,156385],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156381,156382],{"class":34},"This looks like an x",[28,156384,2759],{"class":93},[28,156386,156387],{"class":34}," y coordinate\n",[1109,156389,156391],{"id":156390},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[18,156393,156395],{"className":20,"code":156394,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[25,156396,156397,156426,156430,156448],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156398,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419,156422,156424],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156400,11269],{"class":34},[28,156402,39],{"class":38},[28,156404,9015],{"class":93},[28,156406,234],{"class":42},[28,156408,12664],{"class":46},[28,156410,234],{"class":42},[28,156412,2759],{"class":93},[28,156414,9084],{"class":97},[28,156416,2759],{"class":93},[28,156418,43],{"class":42},[28,156420,156421],{"class":46},"Canada",[28,156423,234],{"class":42},[28,156425,101],{"class":93},[28,156427,156428],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156429,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,156431,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156433,6773],{"class":3644},[28,156435,38178],{"class":114},[28,156437,94],{"class":93},[28,156439,11363],{"class":120},[28,156441,3428],{"class":93},[28,156443,6185],{"class":38},[28,156445,2221],{"class":97},[28,156447,6170],{"class":93},[28,156449,156450,156452,156454,156456,156459,156461],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,156451,7844],{"class":114},[28,156453,94],{"class":93},[28,156455,234],{"class":42},[28,156457,156458],{"class":46},"User record has the expected number of values",[28,156460,234],{"class":42},[28,156462,101],{"class":93},[14,156464,156465],{},[163,156466,336],{},[18,156468,156470],{"className":20,"code":156469,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[25,156471,156472],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156473,156474],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156475,156469],{"class":34},[1109,156477,156479],{"id":156478},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[18,156481,156483],{"className":20,"code":156482,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[25,156484,156485,156517,156521,156541],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156486,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156488,35880],{"class":34},[28,156490,39],{"class":38},[28,156492,9015],{"class":93},[28,156494,234],{"class":42},[28,156496,381],{"class":46},[28,156498,234],{"class":42},[28,156500,2759],{"class":93},[28,156502,43],{"class":42},[28,156504,4533],{"class":46},[28,156506,234],{"class":42},[28,156508,2759],{"class":93},[28,156510,43],{"class":42},[28,156512,9518],{"class":46},[28,156514,234],{"class":42},[28,156516,101],{"class":93},[28,156518,156519],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156520,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,156522,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156524,5734],{"class":3644},[28,156526,69327],{"class":34},[28,156528,3651],{"class":3644},[28,156530,53850],{"class":114},[28,156532,94],{"class":93},[28,156534,10941],{"class":114},[28,156536,94],{"class":93},[28,156538,35933],{"class":120},[28,156540,69342],{"class":93},[28,156542,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,156544,7844],{"class":114},[28,156546,94],{"class":93},[28,156548,35944],{"class":120},[28,156550,2759],{"class":93},[28,156552,69875],{"class":120},[28,156554,3669],{"class":93},[28,156556,35944],{"class":120},[28,156558,3657],{"class":93},[14,156560,156561],{},[163,156562,336],{},[18,156564,156565],{"className":20,"code":35956,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,156566,156567,156573,156579],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156568,156569,156571],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156570,1888],{"class":97},[28,156572,35965],{"class":34},[28,156574,156575,156577],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156576,2756],{"class":97},[28,156578,35972],{"class":34},[28,156580,156581,156583],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156582,1825],{"class":97},[28,156584,35979],{"class":34},[14,156586,156587,156588,156590,156591,385],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[381,156589,149238],{"href":149237},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[381,156592,150482],{"href":150481},[172,156594,1104],{"id":1103},[14,156596,156597],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[177,156599,156600,156608,156615,156620],{},[180,156601,156602,156603,10871,156606],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[25,156604,156605],{},"(5)",[25,156607,149072],{},[180,156609,8194,156610,156612,156613],{},[25,156611,10941],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[25,156614,42151],{},[180,156616,8230,156617,156619],{},[25,156618,42151],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[180,156621,156622],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156624,31873],{},[18,156626,156628],{"className":20,"code":156627,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[25,156629,156630,156640,156654,156668],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156631,156632,156634,156636,156638],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156633,115],{"class":114},[28,156635,94],{"class":93},[28,156637,147583],{"class":120},[28,156639,101],{"class":93},[28,156641,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650,156652],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156643,115],{"class":114},[28,156645,94],{"class":93},[28,156647,311],{"class":89},[28,156649,94],{"class":93},[28,156651,147583],{"class":120},[28,156653,318],{"class":93},[28,156655,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156657,115],{"class":114},[28,156659,94],{"class":93},[28,156661,10941],{"class":114},[28,156663,94],{"class":93},[28,156665,147583],{"class":120},[28,156667,318],{"class":93},[28,156669,156670,156672,156674,156676],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,156671,31943],{"class":114},[28,156673,94],{"class":93},[28,156675,10941],{"class":114},[28,156677,101],{"class":93},[14,156679,154792],{},[177,156681,156682,156685,156688,156692],{},[180,156683,156684],{},"what value you are using",[180,156686,156687],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[180,156689,25808,156690,11487],{},[25,156691,42151],{},[180,156693,123147,156694,156696],{},[25,156695,42151],{}," is documented in Python",[172,156698,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,156700,156702],{"id":156701},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156704,1631,156705,156708],{},[25,156706,156707],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1109,156710,12487,156712,148742],{"id":156711},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[25,156713,42151],{},[14,156715,46150,156716,156718],{},[25,156717,42151],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1109,156720,156722],{"id":156721},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156724,156725,156726,385],{},"The length is ",[25,156727,1888],{},[1109,156729,156731],{"id":156730},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156733,150428,156734,156736],{},[25,156735,150431],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1109,156738,12487,156740,156742],{"id":156739},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[25,156741,42151],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156744,156745],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[172,156747,1662],{"id":1661},[177,156749,156750,156756,156760,156764,156768],{},[180,156751,156752],{},[381,156753,858,156754,861],{"href":42148},[25,156755,42151],{},[180,156757,156758],{},[381,156759,155657],{"href":147568},[180,156761,156762],{},[381,156763,149238],{"href":149237},[180,156765,156766],{},[381,156767,150482],{"href":150481},[180,156769,156770],{},[381,156771,156772],{"href":148868},"What is a tuple in Python",[1699,156774,156775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":156777},[156778,156779,156780,156787,156793,156802,156808,156809,156818],{"id":174,"depth":53,"text":175},{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":155145,"depth":53,"text":156781,"children":156782},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156783,156784,156785,156786],{"id":155157,"depth":70,"text":155158},{"id":155224,"depth":70,"text":155225},{"id":155269,"depth":70,"text":155270},{"id":155318,"depth":70,"text":155319},{"id":155407,"depth":53,"text":155408,"children":156788},[156789,156790,156791,156792],{"id":155411,"depth":70,"text":155412},{"id":155486,"depth":70,"text":155225},{"id":155528,"depth":70,"text":155529},{"id":155662,"depth":70,"text":155663},{"id":155746,"depth":53,"text":155747,"children":156794},[156795,156797,156799,156800],{"id":155750,"depth":70,"text":156796},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155888,"depth":70,"text":156798},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155964,"depth":70,"text":155965},{"id":156099,"depth":70,"text":156801},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156227,"depth":53,"text":156228,"children":156803},[156804,156805,156806,156807],{"id":156236,"depth":70,"text":156237},{"id":156309,"depth":70,"text":156310},{"id":156390,"depth":70,"text":156391},{"id":156478,"depth":70,"text":156479},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":156810},[156811,156812,156814,156815,156816],{"id":156701,"depth":70,"text":156702},{"id":156711,"depth":70,"text":156813},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156721,"depth":70,"text":156722},{"id":156730,"depth":70,"text":156731},{"id":156739,"depth":70,"text":156817},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154929,"description":156819},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156826,"title":156827,"body":156828,"description":159213,"extension":1730,"meta":159214,"navigation":107,"path":159215,"seo":159216,"stem":159217,"__hash__":159218},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156829,"toc":159174},[156830,156833,156836,156839,156862,156868,156870,156981,156985,156988,156998,157000,157099,157101,157178,157184,157188,157191,157214,157217,157234,157237,157239,157302,157304,157321,157332,157337,157339,157342,157348,157399,157401,157421,157425,157476,157478,157499,157503,157558,157560,157581,157585,157640,157642,157663,157667,157720,157722,157751,157753,157755,157758,157762,157819,157821,157842,157846,157899,157901,157926,157931,157935,157940,157958,157961,158024,158026,158047,158050,158111,158113,158134,158137,158180,158183,158187,158192,158196,158275,158277,158308,158312,158387,158389,158416,158420,158467,158469,158477,158482,158486,158489,158504,158506,158594,158596,158621,158624,158667,158676,158678,158681,158696,158699,158703,158757,158759,158779,158784,158788,158790,158828,158831,158881,158885,158958,158960,158997,159000,159002,159005,159025,159028,159097,159099,159112,159114,159118,159121,159125,159128,159133,159136,159142,159147,159149,159171],[10,156831,156827],{"id":156832},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156834,156835],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156837,156838],{},"Use this format:",[18,156840,156842],{"className":20,"code":156841,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[25,156843,156844],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156845,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156847,48734],{"class":34},[28,156849,3669],{"class":93},[28,156851,35862],{"class":34},[28,156853,271],{"class":93},[28,156855,75205],{"class":34},[28,156857,271],{"class":93},[28,156859,75208],{"class":34},[28,156861,3401],{"class":93},[14,156863,679,156864,75241,156866,385],{},[25,156865,75205],{},[163,156867,64848],{},[172,156869,1771],{"id":1770},[18,156871,156873],{"className":20,"code":156872,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[25,156874,156875,156903,156907,156928,156945,156962],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,156876,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,156878,3383],{"class":34},[28,156880,39],{"class":38},[28,156882,9015],{"class":93},[28,156884,2099],{"class":97},[28,156886,2759],{"class":93},[28,156888,7566],{"class":97},[28,156890,2759],{"class":93},[28,156892,7571],{"class":97},[28,156894,2759],{"class":93},[28,156896,50623],{"class":97},[28,156898,2759],{"class":93},[28,156900,4853],{"class":97},[28,156902,101],{"class":93},[28,156904,156905],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,156906,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,156908,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,156910,115],{"class":114},[28,156912,94],{"class":93},[28,156914,3415],{"class":120},[28,156916,3669],{"class":93},[28,156918,2756],{"class":97},[28,156920,271],{"class":93},[28,156922,2275],{"class":97},[28,156924,20234],{"class":93},[28,156926,156927],{"class":1006},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[28,156929,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,156931,115],{"class":114},[28,156933,94],{"class":93},[28,156935,3415],{"class":120},[28,156937,75314],{"class":93},[28,156939,1831],{"class":97},[28,156941,20234],{"class":93},[28,156943,156944],{"class":1006},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[28,156946,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,156948,115],{"class":114},[28,156950,94],{"class":93},[28,156952,3415],{"class":120},[28,156954,73901],{"class":93},[28,156956,1825],{"class":97},[28,156958,20234],{"class":93},[28,156960,156961],{"class":1006},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[28,156963,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,156965,115],{"class":114},[28,156967,94],{"class":93},[28,156969,3415],{"class":120},[28,156971,73901],{"class":93},[28,156973,1790],{"class":38},[28,156975,2756],{"class":97},[28,156977,20234],{"class":93},[28,156979,156980],{"class":1006},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[172,156982,156984],{"id":156983},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,156986,156987],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[177,156989,156990,156992,156995],{},[180,156991,75508],{},[180,156993,156994],{},"The result is a new tuple",[180,156996,156997],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,156999,924],{},[18,157001,157003],{"className":20,"code":157002,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[25,157004,157005,157053,157057,157075,157079,157089],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157006,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157008,35880],{"class":34},[28,157010,39],{"class":38},[28,157012,9015],{"class":93},[28,157014,234],{"class":42},[28,157016,381],{"class":46},[28,157018,234],{"class":42},[28,157020,2759],{"class":93},[28,157022,43],{"class":42},[28,157024,4533],{"class":46},[28,157026,234],{"class":42},[28,157028,2759],{"class":93},[28,157030,43],{"class":42},[28,157032,9518],{"class":46},[28,157034,234],{"class":42},[28,157036,2759],{"class":93},[28,157038,43],{"class":42},[28,157040,18555],{"class":46},[28,157042,234],{"class":42},[28,157044,2759],{"class":93},[28,157046,43],{"class":42},[28,157048,60228],{"class":46},[28,157050,234],{"class":42},[28,157052,101],{"class":93},[28,157054,157055],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157056,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157058,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157060,75438],{"class":34},[28,157062,39],{"class":38},[28,157064,69875],{"class":34},[28,157066,3669],{"class":93},[28,157068,2756],{"class":97},[28,157070,271],{"class":93},[28,157072,2275],{"class":97},[28,157074,3401],{"class":93},[28,157076,157077],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,157078,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157080,157081,157083,157085,157087],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,157082,115],{"class":114},[28,157084,94],{"class":93},[28,157086,75461],{"class":120},[28,157088,101],{"class":93},[28,157090,157091,157093,157095,157097],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,157092,115],{"class":114},[28,157094,94],{"class":93},[28,157096,35933],{"class":120},[28,157098,101],{"class":93},[14,157100,336],{},[18,157102,157104],{"className":20,"code":157103,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[25,157105,157106,157134],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157107,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157109,94],{"class":93},[28,157111,358],{"class":42},[28,157113,4533],{"class":46},[28,157115,358],{"class":42},[28,157117,2759],{"class":93},[28,157119,61],{"class":42},[28,157121,9518],{"class":46},[28,157123,358],{"class":42},[28,157125,2759],{"class":93},[28,157127,61],{"class":42},[28,157129,18555],{"class":46},[28,157131,358],{"class":42},[28,157133,101],{"class":93},[28,157135,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157137,94],{"class":93},[28,157139,358],{"class":42},[28,157141,381],{"class":46},[28,157143,358],{"class":42},[28,157145,2759],{"class":93},[28,157147,61],{"class":42},[28,157149,4533],{"class":46},[28,157151,358],{"class":42},[28,157153,2759],{"class":93},[28,157155,61],{"class":42},[28,157157,9518],{"class":46},[28,157159,358],{"class":42},[28,157161,2759],{"class":93},[28,157163,61],{"class":42},[28,157165,18555],{"class":46},[28,157167,358],{"class":42},[28,157169,2759],{"class":93},[28,157171,61],{"class":42},[28,157173,60228],{"class":46},[28,157175,358],{"class":42},[28,157177,101],{"class":93},[14,157179,157180,157181,385],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[381,157182,147565],{"href":157183},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[172,157185,157187],{"id":157186},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157189,157190],{},"The full syntax is:",[18,157192,157194],{"className":20,"code":157193,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[25,157195,157196],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157197,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157199,147583],{"class":34},[28,157201,3669],{"class":93},[28,157203,35862],{"class":34},[28,157205,271],{"class":93},[28,157207,75205],{"class":34},[28,157209,271],{"class":93},[28,157211,75208],{"class":34},[28,157213,3401],{"class":93},[14,157215,157216],{},"Each part has a job:",[177,157218,157219,157224,157229],{},[180,157220,157221,157223],{},[25,157222,35862],{},": where slicing begins",[180,157225,157226,157228],{},[25,157227,75205],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[180,157230,157231,157233],{},[25,157232,75208],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157235,157236],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157238,924],{},[18,157240,157242],{"className":20,"code":157241,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[25,157243,157244,157276,157280],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157245,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157247,3383],{"class":34},[28,157249,39],{"class":38},[28,157251,9015],{"class":93},[28,157253,2099],{"class":97},[28,157255,2759],{"class":93},[28,157257,7566],{"class":97},[28,157259,2759],{"class":93},[28,157261,7571],{"class":97},[28,157263,2759],{"class":93},[28,157265,50623],{"class":97},[28,157267,2759],{"class":93},[28,157269,4853],{"class":97},[28,157271,2759],{"class":93},[28,157273,75879],{"class":97},[28,157275,101],{"class":93},[28,157277,157278],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157279,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157281,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157283,115],{"class":114},[28,157285,94],{"class":93},[28,157287,3415],{"class":120},[28,157289,3669],{"class":93},[28,157291,2756],{"class":97},[28,157293,271],{"class":93},[28,157295,1905],{"class":97},[28,157297,271],{"class":93},[28,157299,1825],{"class":97},[28,157301,3657],{"class":93},[14,157303,336],{},[18,157305,157307],{"className":20,"code":157306,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(20, 40)\n",[25,157308,157309],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157310,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157312,94],{"class":93},[28,157314,15539],{"class":97},[28,157316,2759],{"class":93},[28,157318,50623],{"class":97},[28,157320,101],{"class":93},[14,157322,157323,157324,157326,157327,157329,157330,385],{},"This starts at index ",[25,157325,2756],{},", stops before index ",[25,157328,1905],{},", and moves by ",[25,157331,1825],{},[14,157333,157334,157335,385],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[381,157336,149238],{"href":152664},[172,157338,75795],{"id":75794},[14,157340,157341],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1109,157343,157345,157346,5742],{"id":157344},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[25,157347,75809],{},[18,157349,157351],{"className":20,"code":157350,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[25,157352,157353,157381,157385],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157354,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157356,3383],{"class":34},[28,157358,39],{"class":38},[28,157360,9015],{"class":93},[28,157362,2099],{"class":97},[28,157364,2759],{"class":93},[28,157366,7566],{"class":97},[28,157368,2759],{"class":93},[28,157370,7571],{"class":97},[28,157372,2759],{"class":93},[28,157374,50623],{"class":97},[28,157376,2759],{"class":93},[28,157378,4853],{"class":97},[28,157380,101],{"class":93},[28,157382,157383],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157384,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157386,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157388,115],{"class":114},[28,157390,94],{"class":93},[28,157392,3415],{"class":120},[28,157394,75314],{"class":93},[28,157396,1831],{"class":97},[28,157398,3657],{"class":93},[14,157400,336],{},[18,157402,157403],{"className":20,"code":150930,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,157404,157405],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157406,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157408,94],{"class":93},[28,157410,2099],{"class":97},[28,157412,2759],{"class":93},[28,157414,7566],{"class":97},[28,157416,2759],{"class":93},[28,157418,7571],{"class":97},[28,157420,101],{"class":93},[1109,157422,157424],{"id":157423},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[18,157426,157428],{"className":20,"code":157427,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[25,157429,157430,157458,157462],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157431,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157433,3383],{"class":34},[28,157435,39],{"class":38},[28,157437,9015],{"class":93},[28,157439,2099],{"class":97},[28,157441,2759],{"class":93},[28,157443,7566],{"class":97},[28,157445,2759],{"class":93},[28,157447,7571],{"class":97},[28,157449,2759],{"class":93},[28,157451,50623],{"class":97},[28,157453,2759],{"class":93},[28,157455,4853],{"class":97},[28,157457,101],{"class":93},[28,157459,157460],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157461,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157463,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157465,115],{"class":114},[28,157467,94],{"class":93},[28,157469,3415],{"class":120},[28,157471,3669],{"class":93},[28,157473,1825],{"class":97},[28,157475,77495],{"class":93},[14,157477,336],{},[18,157479,157481],{"className":20,"code":157480,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[25,157482,157483],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157484,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157486,94],{"class":93},[28,157488,36632],{"class":97},[28,157490,2759],{"class":93},[28,157492,50623],{"class":97},[28,157494,2759],{"class":93},[28,157496,4853],{"class":97},[28,157498,101],{"class":93},[1109,157500,157502],{"id":157501},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[18,157504,157506],{"className":20,"code":157505,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[25,157507,157508,157536,157540],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157509,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157511,3383],{"class":34},[28,157513,39],{"class":38},[28,157515,9015],{"class":93},[28,157517,2099],{"class":97},[28,157519,2759],{"class":93},[28,157521,7566],{"class":97},[28,157523,2759],{"class":93},[28,157525,7571],{"class":97},[28,157527,2759],{"class":93},[28,157529,50623],{"class":97},[28,157531,2759],{"class":93},[28,157533,4853],{"class":97},[28,157535,101],{"class":93},[28,157537,157538],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157539,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157541,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157543,115],{"class":114},[28,157545,94],{"class":93},[28,157547,3415],{"class":120},[28,157549,3669],{"class":93},[28,157551,2756],{"class":97},[28,157553,271],{"class":93},[28,157555,2275],{"class":97},[28,157557,3657],{"class":93},[14,157559,336],{},[18,157561,157563],{"className":20,"code":157562,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[25,157564,157565],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157566,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157568,94],{"class":93},[28,157570,15539],{"class":97},[28,157572,2759],{"class":93},[28,157574,7571],{"class":97},[28,157576,2759],{"class":93},[28,157578,50623],{"class":97},[28,157580,101],{"class":93},[1109,157582,157584],{"id":157583},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[18,157586,157588],{"className":20,"code":157587,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[25,157589,157590,157622,157626],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157591,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157593,3383],{"class":34},[28,157595,39],{"class":38},[28,157597,9015],{"class":93},[28,157599,2099],{"class":97},[28,157601,2759],{"class":93},[28,157603,7566],{"class":97},[28,157605,2759],{"class":93},[28,157607,7571],{"class":97},[28,157609,2759],{"class":93},[28,157611,50623],{"class":97},[28,157613,2759],{"class":93},[28,157615,4853],{"class":97},[28,157617,2759],{"class":93},[28,157619,75879],{"class":97},[28,157621,101],{"class":93},[28,157623,157624],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157625,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157627,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157629,115],{"class":114},[28,157631,94],{"class":93},[28,157633,3415],{"class":120},[28,157635,73901],{"class":93},[28,157637,1825],{"class":97},[28,157639,3657],{"class":93},[14,157641,336],{},[18,157643,157645],{"className":20,"code":157644,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[25,157646,157647],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157648,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157650,94],{"class":93},[28,157652,2099],{"class":97},[28,157654,2759],{"class":93},[28,157656,7571],{"class":97},[28,157658,2759],{"class":93},[28,157660,4853],{"class":97},[28,157662,101],{"class":93},[1109,157664,157666],{"id":157665},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[18,157668,157670],{"className":20,"code":157669,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[25,157671,157672,157700,157704],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157673,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157675,3383],{"class":34},[28,157677,39],{"class":38},[28,157679,9015],{"class":93},[28,157681,2099],{"class":97},[28,157683,2759],{"class":93},[28,157685,7566],{"class":97},[28,157687,2759],{"class":93},[28,157689,7571],{"class":97},[28,157691,2759],{"class":93},[28,157693,50623],{"class":97},[28,157695,2759],{"class":93},[28,157697,4853],{"class":97},[28,157699,101],{"class":93},[28,157701,157702],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157703,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157705,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157707,115],{"class":114},[28,157709,94],{"class":93},[28,157711,3415],{"class":120},[28,157713,73901],{"class":93},[28,157715,1790],{"class":38},[28,157717,2756],{"class":97},[28,157719,3657],{"class":93},[14,157721,336],{},[18,157723,157725],{"className":20,"code":157724,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[25,157726,157727],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157728,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157730,94],{"class":93},[28,157732,76573],{"class":97},[28,157734,2759],{"class":93},[28,157736,50623],{"class":97},[28,157738,2759],{"class":93},[28,157740,7571],{"class":97},[28,157742,2759],{"class":93},[28,157744,7566],{"class":97},[28,157746,2759],{"class":93},[28,157748,5781],{"class":97},[28,157750,101],{"class":93},[172,157752,76089],{"id":76088},[14,157754,153937],{},[14,157756,157757],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1109,157759,157761],{"id":157760},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[18,157763,157765],{"className":20,"code":157764,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[25,157766,157767,157799,157803],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157768,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157770,3383],{"class":34},[28,157772,39],{"class":38},[28,157774,9015],{"class":93},[28,157776,2099],{"class":97},[28,157778,2759],{"class":93},[28,157780,7566],{"class":97},[28,157782,2759],{"class":93},[28,157784,7571],{"class":97},[28,157786,2759],{"class":93},[28,157788,50623],{"class":97},[28,157790,2759],{"class":93},[28,157792,4853],{"class":97},[28,157794,2759],{"class":93},[28,157796,75879],{"class":97},[28,157798,101],{"class":93},[28,157800,157801],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157802,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157804,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157806,115],{"class":114},[28,157808,94],{"class":93},[28,157810,3415],{"class":120},[28,157812,3669],{"class":93},[28,157814,1790],{"class":38},[28,157816,1831],{"class":97},[28,157818,77495],{"class":93},[14,157820,336],{},[18,157822,157824],{"className":20,"code":157823,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[25,157825,157826],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157827,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157829,94],{"class":93},[28,157831,56472],{"class":97},[28,157833,2759],{"class":93},[28,157835,4853],{"class":97},[28,157837,2759],{"class":93},[28,157839,75879],{"class":97},[28,157841,101],{"class":93},[1109,157843,157845],{"id":157844},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[18,157847,157849],{"className":20,"code":157848,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[25,157850,157851,157879,157883],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157852,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157854,3383],{"class":34},[28,157856,39],{"class":38},[28,157858,9015],{"class":93},[28,157860,2099],{"class":97},[28,157862,2759],{"class":93},[28,157864,7566],{"class":97},[28,157866,2759],{"class":93},[28,157868,7571],{"class":97},[28,157870,2759],{"class":93},[28,157872,50623],{"class":97},[28,157874,2759],{"class":93},[28,157876,4853],{"class":97},[28,157878,101],{"class":93},[28,157880,157881],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,157882,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,157884,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,157886,115],{"class":114},[28,157888,94],{"class":93},[28,157890,3415],{"class":120},[28,157892,75314],{"class":93},[28,157894,1790],{"class":38},[28,157896,2756],{"class":97},[28,157898,3657],{"class":93},[14,157900,336],{},[18,157902,157904],{"className":20,"code":157903,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[25,157905,157906],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157909,94],{"class":93},[28,157911,2099],{"class":97},[28,157913,2759],{"class":93},[28,157915,7566],{"class":97},[28,157917,2759],{"class":93},[28,157919,7571],{"class":97},[28,157921,2759],{"class":93},[28,157923,50623],{"class":97},[28,157925,101],{"class":93},[14,157927,157928,157929,385],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[381,157930,150487],{"href":156821},[172,157932,157934],{"id":157933},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,157936,679,157937,157939],{},[25,157938,75208],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[177,157941,157942,157944,157946,157952],{},[180,157943,76345],{},[180,157945,76348],{},[180,157947,157948,157951],{},[25,157949,157950],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[180,157953,157954,157955,157957],{},"A step of ",[25,157956,1888],{}," is not allowed",[14,157959,157960],{},"Example with a positive step:",[18,157962,157964],{"className":20,"code":157963,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[25,157965,157966,157998,158002],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,157967,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,157969,3383],{"class":34},[28,157971,39],{"class":38},[28,157973,9015],{"class":93},[28,157975,2099],{"class":97},[28,157977,2759],{"class":93},[28,157979,7566],{"class":97},[28,157981,2759],{"class":93},[28,157983,7571],{"class":97},[28,157985,2759],{"class":93},[28,157987,50623],{"class":97},[28,157989,2759],{"class":93},[28,157991,4853],{"class":97},[28,157993,2759],{"class":93},[28,157995,75879],{"class":97},[28,157997,101],{"class":93},[28,157999,158000],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158001,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158005,115],{"class":114},[28,158007,94],{"class":93},[28,158009,3415],{"class":120},[28,158011,3669],{"class":93},[28,158013,2756],{"class":97},[28,158015,271],{"class":93},[28,158017,80372],{"class":97},[28,158019,271],{"class":93},[28,158021,1825],{"class":97},[28,158023,3657],{"class":93},[14,158025,336],{},[18,158027,158029],{"className":20,"code":158028,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[25,158030,158031],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158032,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158034,94],{"class":93},[28,158036,15539],{"class":97},[28,158038,2759],{"class":93},[28,158040,50623],{"class":97},[28,158042,2759],{"class":93},[28,158044,75879],{"class":97},[28,158046,101],{"class":93},[14,158048,158049],{},"Example with a negative step:",[18,158051,158053],{"className":20,"code":158052,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[25,158054,158055,158083,158087],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158056,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158058,3383],{"class":34},[28,158060,39],{"class":38},[28,158062,9015],{"class":93},[28,158064,2099],{"class":97},[28,158066,2759],{"class":93},[28,158068,7566],{"class":97},[28,158070,2759],{"class":93},[28,158072,7571],{"class":97},[28,158074,2759],{"class":93},[28,158076,50623],{"class":97},[28,158078,2759],{"class":93},[28,158080,4853],{"class":97},[28,158082,101],{"class":93},[28,158084,158085],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158086,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158088,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158090,115],{"class":114},[28,158092,94],{"class":93},[28,158094,3415],{"class":120},[28,158096,3669],{"class":93},[28,158098,2275],{"class":97},[28,158100,271],{"class":93},[28,158102,2756],{"class":97},[28,158104,271],{"class":93},[28,158106,1790],{"class":38},[28,158108,2756],{"class":97},[28,158110,3657],{"class":93},[14,158112,336],{},[18,158114,158116],{"className":20,"code":158115,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[25,158117,158118],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158119,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158121,94],{"class":93},[28,158123,76573],{"class":97},[28,158125,2759],{"class":93},[28,158127,50623],{"class":97},[28,158129,2759],{"class":93},[28,158131,7571],{"class":97},[28,158133,101],{"class":93},[14,158135,158136],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[18,158138,158140],{"className":20,"code":158139,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[25,158141,158142,158162,158166],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158143,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158145,3383],{"class":34},[28,158147,39],{"class":38},[28,158149,9015],{"class":93},[28,158151,2099],{"class":97},[28,158153,2759],{"class":93},[28,158155,7566],{"class":97},[28,158157,2759],{"class":93},[28,158159,7571],{"class":97},[28,158161,101],{"class":93},[28,158163,158164],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158165,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158167,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158169,115],{"class":114},[28,158171,94],{"class":93},[28,158173,3415],{"class":120},[28,158175,73901],{"class":93},[28,158177,1888],{"class":97},[28,158179,3657],{"class":93},[14,158181,158182],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[172,158184,158186],{"id":158185},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158188,158189,158190,33533],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[163,158191,48734],{},[1109,158193,158195],{"id":158194},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[18,158197,158199],{"className":20,"code":158198,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,158200,158201,158225,158229,158247,158251,158261],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158202,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158204,3383],{"class":34},[28,158206,39],{"class":38},[28,158208,9015],{"class":93},[28,158210,2099],{"class":97},[28,158212,2759],{"class":93},[28,158214,7566],{"class":97},[28,158216,2759],{"class":93},[28,158218,7571],{"class":97},[28,158220,2759],{"class":93},[28,158222,50623],{"class":97},[28,158224,101],{"class":93},[28,158226,158227],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158228,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158230,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158232,1999],{"class":34},[28,158234,39],{"class":38},[28,158236,4034],{"class":34},[28,158238,3669],{"class":93},[28,158240,2756],{"class":97},[28,158242,271],{"class":93},[28,158244,1831],{"class":97},[28,158246,3401],{"class":93},[28,158248,158249],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,158250,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158252,158253,158255,158257,158259],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,158254,115],{"class":114},[28,158256,94],{"class":93},[28,158258,2033],{"class":120},[28,158260,101],{"class":93},[28,158262,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,158264,115],{"class":114},[28,158266,94],{"class":93},[28,158268,311],{"class":89},[28,158270,94],{"class":93},[28,158272,2033],{"class":120},[28,158274,318],{"class":93},[14,158276,336],{},[18,158278,158280],{"className":20,"code":158279,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[25,158281,158282,158294],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158283,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158285,94],{"class":93},[28,158287,15539],{"class":97},[28,158289,2759],{"class":93},[28,158291,7571],{"class":97},[28,158293,101],{"class":93},[28,158295,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158297,346],{"class":38},[28,158299,350],{"class":349},[28,158301,61],{"class":42},[28,158303,48734],{"class":46},[28,158305,358],{"class":42},[28,158307,361],{"class":38},[1109,158309,158311],{"id":158310},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[18,158313,158315],{"className":20,"code":158314,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[25,158316,158317,158337,158341,158359,158363,158373],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158320,3383],{"class":34},[28,158322,39],{"class":38},[28,158324,9015],{"class":93},[28,158326,2099],{"class":97},[28,158328,2759],{"class":93},[28,158330,7566],{"class":97},[28,158332,2759],{"class":93},[28,158334,7571],{"class":97},[28,158336,101],{"class":93},[28,158338,158339],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158340,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158342,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158344,1999],{"class":34},[28,158346,39],{"class":38},[28,158348,4034],{"class":34},[28,158350,3669],{"class":93},[28,158352,2756],{"class":97},[28,158354,271],{"class":93},[28,158356,1825],{"class":97},[28,158358,3401],{"class":93},[28,158360,158361],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,158362,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158364,158365,158367,158369,158371],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,158366,115],{"class":114},[28,158368,94],{"class":93},[28,158370,2033],{"class":120},[28,158372,101],{"class":93},[28,158374,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,158376,115],{"class":114},[28,158378,94],{"class":93},[28,158380,311],{"class":89},[28,158382,94],{"class":93},[28,158384,2033],{"class":120},[28,158386,318],{"class":93},[14,158388,336],{},[18,158390,158392],{"className":20,"code":158391,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[25,158393,158394,158402],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158395,158396,158398,158400],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158397,94],{"class":93},[28,158399,15539],{"class":97},[28,158401,148921],{"class":93},[28,158403,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158405,346],{"class":38},[28,158407,350],{"class":349},[28,158409,61],{"class":42},[28,158411,48734],{"class":46},[28,158413,358],{"class":42},[28,158415,361],{"class":38},[1109,158417,158419],{"id":158418},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[18,158421,158423],{"className":20,"code":158422,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[25,158424,158425,158445,158449],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158426,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158428,3383],{"class":34},[28,158430,39],{"class":38},[28,158432,9015],{"class":93},[28,158434,2099],{"class":97},[28,158436,2759],{"class":93},[28,158438,7566],{"class":97},[28,158440,2759],{"class":93},[28,158442,7571],{"class":97},[28,158444,101],{"class":93},[28,158446,158447],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158448,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158450,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158452,115],{"class":114},[28,158454,94],{"class":93},[28,158456,3415],{"class":120},[28,158458,3669],{"class":93},[28,158460,1905],{"class":97},[28,158462,271],{"class":93},[28,158464,2114],{"class":97},[28,158466,3657],{"class":93},[14,158468,336],{},[18,158470,158471],{"className":20,"code":8420,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,158472,158473],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158474,158475],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158476,8420],{"class":93},[14,158478,158479,158480,385],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[381,158481,155657],{"href":150544},[172,158483,158485],{"id":158484},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158487,158488],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[177,158490,158491,158493,158496,158501],{},[180,158492,76654],{},[180,158494,158495],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[180,158497,158498,158499],{},"Indexing can raise ",[25,158500,70510],{},[180,158502,158503],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158505,924],{},[18,158507,158509],{"className":20,"code":158508,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[25,158510,158511,158531,158535,158552,158573],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158512,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158514,3383],{"class":34},[28,158516,39],{"class":38},[28,158518,9015],{"class":93},[28,158520,2099],{"class":97},[28,158522,2759],{"class":93},[28,158524,7566],{"class":97},[28,158526,2759],{"class":93},[28,158528,7571],{"class":97},[28,158530,101],{"class":93},[28,158532,158533],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158534,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158536,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547,158549],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158538,115],{"class":114},[28,158540,94],{"class":93},[28,158542,3415],{"class":120},[28,158544,3669],{"class":93},[28,158546,2756],{"class":97},[28,158548,20234],{"class":93},[28,158550,158551],{"class":1006},"    # one item\n",[28,158553,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,158555,115],{"class":114},[28,158557,94],{"class":93},[28,158559,3415],{"class":120},[28,158561,3669],{"class":93},[28,158563,2756],{"class":97},[28,158565,271],{"class":93},[28,158567,1905],{"class":97},[28,158569,20234],{"class":93},[28,158571,158572],{"class":1006},"  # slice\n",[28,158574,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,158576,115],{"class":114},[28,158578,94],{"class":93},[28,158580,3415],{"class":120},[28,158582,3669],{"class":93},[28,158584,1905],{"class":97},[28,158586,271],{"class":93},[28,158588,2114],{"class":97},[28,158590,20234],{"class":93},[28,158592,158593],{"class":1006},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158595,336],{},[18,158597,158599],{"className":20,"code":158598,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[25,158600,158601,158605,158617],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158602,158603],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158604,71003],{"class":97},[28,158606,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158608,94],{"class":93},[28,158610,15539],{"class":97},[28,158612,2759],{"class":93},[28,158614,7571],{"class":97},[28,158616,101],{"class":93},[28,158618,158619],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158620,8420],{"class":93},[14,158622,158623],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[18,158625,158627],{"className":20,"code":158626,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[25,158628,158629,158649,158653],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645,158647],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158632,3383],{"class":34},[28,158634,39],{"class":38},[28,158636,9015],{"class":93},[28,158638,2099],{"class":97},[28,158640,2759],{"class":93},[28,158642,7566],{"class":97},[28,158644,2759],{"class":93},[28,158646,7571],{"class":97},[28,158648,101],{"class":93},[28,158650,158651],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158652,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158654,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158656,115],{"class":114},[28,158658,94],{"class":93},[28,158660,3415],{"class":120},[28,158662,3669],{"class":93},[28,158664,1905],{"class":97},[28,158666,3657],{"class":93},[14,158668,158669,158670,158672,158673,385],{},"This raises an ",[25,158671,70510],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[381,158674,154410],{"href":158675},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[172,158677,14961],{"id":76921},[14,158679,158680],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[177,158682,158683,158686,158688,158691],{},[180,158684,158685],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[180,158687,60473],{},[180,158689,158690],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[180,158692,158693,158694],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[25,158695,1888],{},[14,158697,158698],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1109,158700,158702],{"id":158701},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[18,158704,158705],{"className":20,"code":157505,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,158706,158707,158735,158739],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158710,3383],{"class":34},[28,158712,39],{"class":38},[28,158714,9015],{"class":93},[28,158716,2099],{"class":97},[28,158718,2759],{"class":93},[28,158720,7566],{"class":97},[28,158722,2759],{"class":93},[28,158724,7571],{"class":97},[28,158726,2759],{"class":93},[28,158728,50623],{"class":97},[28,158730,2759],{"class":93},[28,158732,4853],{"class":97},[28,158734,101],{"class":93},[28,158736,158737],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158738,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158740,158741,158743,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158742,115],{"class":114},[28,158744,94],{"class":93},[28,158746,3415],{"class":120},[28,158748,3669],{"class":93},[28,158750,2756],{"class":97},[28,158752,271],{"class":93},[28,158754,2275],{"class":97},[28,158756,3657],{"class":93},[14,158758,336],{},[18,158760,158761],{"className":20,"code":157562,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,158762,158763],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158764,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158766,94],{"class":93},[28,158768,15539],{"class":97},[28,158770,2759],{"class":93},[28,158772,7571],{"class":97},[28,158774,2759],{"class":93},[28,158776,50623],{"class":97},[28,158778,101],{"class":93},[14,158780,131989,158781,158783],{},[25,158782,2275],{}," is not included.",[1109,158785,158787],{"id":158786},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158789,4297],{},[18,158791,158793],{"className":20,"code":158792,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[25,158794,158795,158819,158823],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158796,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158798,3383],{"class":34},[28,158800,39],{"class":38},[28,158802,9015],{"class":93},[28,158804,2099],{"class":97},[28,158806,2759],{"class":93},[28,158808,7566],{"class":97},[28,158810,2759],{"class":93},[28,158812,7571],{"class":97},[28,158814,2759],{"class":93},[28,158816,50623],{"class":97},[28,158818,101],{"class":93},[28,158820,158821],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158822,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158824,158825],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158826,158827],{"class":1006},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158829,158830],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[18,158832,158833],{"className":20,"code":154490,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,158834,158835,158859,158863],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158836,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158838,3383],{"class":34},[28,158840,39],{"class":38},[28,158842,9015],{"class":93},[28,158844,2099],{"class":97},[28,158846,2759],{"class":93},[28,158848,7566],{"class":97},[28,158850,2759],{"class":93},[28,158852,7571],{"class":97},[28,158854,2759],{"class":93},[28,158856,50623],{"class":97},[28,158858,101],{"class":93},[28,158860,158861],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158862,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158864,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158866,115],{"class":114},[28,158868,94],{"class":93},[28,158870,3415],{"class":120},[28,158872,3669],{"class":93},[28,158874,2756],{"class":97},[28,158876,271],{"class":93},[28,158878,1831],{"class":97},[28,158880,3657],{"class":93},[1109,158882,158884],{"id":158883},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[18,158886,158888],{"className":20,"code":158887,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[25,158889,158890,158914,158918,158933,158937,158948],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158891,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158893,3383],{"class":34},[28,158895,39],{"class":38},[28,158897,9015],{"class":93},[28,158899,2099],{"class":97},[28,158901,2759],{"class":93},[28,158903,7566],{"class":97},[28,158905,2759],{"class":93},[28,158907,7571],{"class":97},[28,158909,2759],{"class":93},[28,158911,50623],{"class":97},[28,158913,101],{"class":93},[28,158915,158916],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158917,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158919,158920,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,158921,158922],{"class":34},"slice_result ",[28,158924,39],{"class":38},[28,158926,4034],{"class":34},[28,158928,75314],{"class":93},[28,158930,1825],{"class":97},[28,158932,3401],{"class":93},[28,158934,158935],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,158936,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,158938,158939,158941,158943,158946],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,158940,115],{"class":114},[28,158942,94],{"class":93},[28,158944,158945],{"class":120},"slice_result",[28,158947,101],{"class":93},[28,158949,158950,158952,158954,158956],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,158951,115],{"class":114},[28,158953,94],{"class":93},[28,158955,3415],{"class":120},[28,158957,101],{"class":93},[14,158959,336],{},[18,158961,158963],{"className":20,"code":158962,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[25,158964,158965,158977],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,158966,158967,158969,158971,158973,158975],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,158968,94],{"class":93},[28,158970,2099],{"class":97},[28,158972,2759],{"class":93},[28,158974,7566],{"class":97},[28,158976,101],{"class":93},[28,158978,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,158980,94],{"class":93},[28,158982,2099],{"class":97},[28,158984,2759],{"class":93},[28,158986,7566],{"class":97},[28,158988,2759],{"class":93},[28,158990,7571],{"class":97},[28,158992,2759],{"class":93},[28,158994,50623],{"class":97},[28,158996,101],{"class":93},[14,158998,158999],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[172,159001,113495],{"id":113494},[14,159003,159004],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[177,159006,159007,159010,159013,159019,159022],{},[180,159008,159009],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[180,159011,159012],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[180,159014,159015,159016],{},"Using a zero step like ",[25,159017,159018],{},"tuple[::0]",[180,159020,159021],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[180,159023,159024],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159026,159027],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[18,159029,159031],{"className":20,"code":159030,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[25,159032,159033,159043,159061,159083],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159034,159035,159037,159039,159041],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159036,115],{"class":114},[28,159038,94],{"class":93},[28,159040,147583],{"class":120},[28,159042,101],{"class":93},[28,159044,159045,159047,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159046,115],{"class":114},[28,159048,94],{"class":93},[28,159050,147583],{"class":120},[28,159052,3669],{"class":93},[28,159054,2756],{"class":97},[28,159056,271],{"class":93},[28,159058,2275],{"class":97},[28,159060,3657],{"class":93},[28,159062,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159064,115],{"class":114},[28,159066,94],{"class":93},[28,159068,311],{"class":89},[28,159070,94],{"class":93},[28,159072,147583],{"class":120},[28,159074,3669],{"class":93},[28,159076,2756],{"class":97},[28,159078,271],{"class":93},[28,159080,2275],{"class":97},[28,159082,2769],{"class":93},[28,159084,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,159086,115],{"class":114},[28,159088,94],{"class":93},[28,159090,10941],{"class":114},[28,159092,94],{"class":93},[28,159094,147583],{"class":120},[28,159096,318],{"class":93},[14,159098,10950],{},[177,159100,159101,159103,159106,159109],{},[180,159102,154797],{},[180,159104,159105],{},"what the slice actually returns",[180,159107,159108],{},"that the result is a tuple",[180,159110,159111],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[172,159113,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,159115,159117],{"id":159116},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159119,159120],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1109,159122,159124],{"id":159123},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159126,159127],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1109,159129,4915,159131,39753],{"id":159130},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[25,159132,157950],{},[14,159134,159135],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1109,159137,159139,159140,2262],{"id":159138},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[25,159141,70510],{},[14,159143,159144,159145,385],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[25,159146,70510],{},[172,159148,1662],{"id":1661},[177,159150,159151,159155,159159,159163,159167],{},[180,159152,159153],{},[381,159154,155657],{"href":150544},[180,159156,159157],{},[381,159158,149238],{"href":152664},[180,159160,159161],{},[381,159162,150487],{"href":156821},[180,159164,159165],{},[381,159166,147565],{"href":157183},[180,159168,159169],{},[381,159170,154410],{"href":158675},[1699,159172,159173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":159175},[159176,159177,159178,159179,159187,159191,159192,159197,159198,159203,159204,159212],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":156983,"depth":53,"text":156984},{"id":157186,"depth":53,"text":157187},{"id":75794,"depth":53,"text":75795,"children":159180},[159181,159183,159184,159185,159186],{"id":157344,"depth":70,"text":159182},"Get the first n items",{"id":157423,"depth":70,"text":157424},{"id":157501,"depth":70,"text":157502},{"id":157583,"depth":70,"text":157584},{"id":157665,"depth":70,"text":157666},{"id":76088,"depth":53,"text":76089,"children":159188},[159189,159190],{"id":157760,"depth":70,"text":157761},{"id":157844,"depth":70,"text":157845},{"id":157933,"depth":53,"text":157934},{"id":158185,"depth":53,"text":158186,"children":159193},[159194,159195,159196],{"id":158194,"depth":70,"text":158195},{"id":158310,"depth":70,"text":158311},{"id":158418,"depth":70,"text":158419},{"id":158484,"depth":53,"text":158485},{"id":76921,"depth":53,"text":14961,"children":159199},[159200,159201,159202],{"id":158701,"depth":70,"text":158702},{"id":158786,"depth":70,"text":158787},{"id":158883,"depth":70,"text":158884},{"id":113494,"depth":53,"text":113495},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":159205},[159206,159207,159208,159210],{"id":159116,"depth":70,"text":159117},{"id":159123,"depth":70,"text":159124},{"id":159130,"depth":70,"text":159209},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159138,"depth":70,"text":159211},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156827,"description":159213},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159220,"title":159221,"body":159222,"description":161045,"extension":1730,"meta":161046,"navigation":107,"path":34598,"seo":161047,"stem":161048,"__hash__":161049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159223,"toc":161011},[159224,159229,159234,159238,159256,159259,159274,159280,159282,159339,159341,159373,159385,159391,159396,159399,159434,159440,159442,159445,159459,159462,159464,159487,159489,159507,159510,159526,159528,159531,159644,159646,159735,159738,159743,159749,159752,159755,159854,159856,159915,159920,159923,159992,159996,160028,160044,160049,160056,160063,160075,160077,160126,160128,160151,160157,160205,160210,160217,160225,160231,160234,160258,160261,160263,160339,160341,160366,160372,160375,160380,160384,160398,160400,160463,160465,160497,160500,160516,160518,160524,160531,160533,160552,160554,160572,160579,160584,160591,160593,160630,160633,160640,160644,160647,160705,160708,160711,160766,160768,160780,160786,160788,160792,160825,160832,160834,160897,160900,160902,160907,160921,160928,160936,160945,160954,160960,160966,160968,161008],[10,159225,858,159227,3344],{"id":159226},"python-type-function-explained",[25,159228,270],{},[14,159230,32108,159231,159233],{},[25,159232,270],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159235,62546,159236,104339],{},[25,159237,270],{},[177,159239,159240,159243,159246,159249],{},[180,159241,159242],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[180,159244,159245],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[180,159247,159248],{},"debug confusing code",[180,159250,159251,159252],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[381,159253,159254],{"href":7995},[25,159255,2725],{},[14,159257,159258],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[18,159260,159262],{"className":20,"code":159261,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"type(object)\n",[25,159263,159264],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159265,159266,159268,159270,159272],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159267,311],{"class":89},[28,159269,94],{"class":93},[28,159271,42189],{"class":89},[28,159273,101],{"class":93},[14,159275,159276,159277,159279],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[25,159278,270],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[172,159281,3373],{"id":3372},[18,159283,159285],{"className":20,"code":159284,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[25,159286,159287,159299,159313,159317,159325],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159288,159289,159291,159293,159295,159297],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159290,35],{"class":34},[28,159292,39],{"class":38},[28,159294,43],{"class":42},[28,159296,47],{"class":46},[28,159298,50],{"class":42},[28,159300,159301,159303,159305,159307,159309,159311],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159302,115],{"class":114},[28,159304,94],{"class":93},[28,159306,311],{"class":89},[28,159308,94],{"class":93},[28,159310,121],{"class":120},[28,159312,318],{"class":93},[28,159314,159315],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159316,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,159318,159319,159321,159323],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,159320,293],{"class":34},[28,159322,39],{"class":38},[28,159324,1470],{"class":97},[28,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,159328,115],{"class":114},[28,159330,94],{"class":93},[28,159332,311],{"class":89},[28,159334,94],{"class":93},[28,159336,331],{"class":120},[28,159338,318],{"class":93},[14,159340,336],{},[18,159342,159343],{"className":20,"code":339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,159344,159345,159359],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159346,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159348,346],{"class":38},[28,159350,350],{"class":349},[28,159352,61],{"class":42},[28,159354,355],{"class":46},[28,159356,358],{"class":42},[28,159358,361],{"class":38},[28,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159362,346],{"class":38},[28,159364,350],{"class":349},[28,159366,61],{"class":42},[28,159368,372],{"class":46},[28,159370,358],{"class":42},[28,159372,361],{"class":38},[14,159374,1631,159375,159378,159379,1323,159382,385],{},[25,159376,159377],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[25,159380,159381],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[25,159383,159384],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[172,159386,12780,159388,159390],{"id":159387},"what-the-type-function-does",[25,159389,270],{}," function does",[14,159392,159393,159395],{},[25,159394,270],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159397,159398],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[177,159400,159401,159406,159411,159416,159421,159426],{},[180,159402,159403,159405],{},[25,159404,355],{}," for text",[180,159407,159408,159410],{},[25,159409,372],{}," for whole numbers",[180,159412,159413,159415],{},[25,159414,1962],{}," for decimal numbers",[180,159417,159418,159420],{},[25,159419,7869],{}," for lists",[180,159422,159423,159425],{},[25,159424,8599],{}," for dictionaries",[180,159427,159428,68874,159430,1323,159432],{},[25,159429,3635],{},[25,159431,777],{},[25,159433,3441],{},[14,159435,159436,159437,159439],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[25,159438,270],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[172,159441,1927],{"id":1926},[14,159443,159444],{},"The main beginner form is:",[18,159446,159447],{"className":20,"code":159261,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,159448,159449],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159450,159451,159453,159455,159457],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159452,311],{"class":89},[28,159454,94],{"class":93},[28,159456,42189],{"class":89},[28,159458,101],{"class":93},[14,159460,159461],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159463,924],{},[18,159465,159467],{"className":20,"code":159466,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[25,159468,159469],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159470,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483,159485],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159472,115],{"class":114},[28,159474,94],{"class":93},[28,159476,311],{"class":89},[28,159478,94],{"class":93},[28,159480,234],{"class":42},[28,159482,238],{"class":46},[28,159484,234],{"class":42},[28,159486,318],{"class":93},[14,159488,336],{},[18,159490,159491],{"className":20,"code":546,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,159492,159493],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159494,159495,159497,159499,159501,159503,159505],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159496,346],{"class":38},[28,159498,350],{"class":349},[28,159500,61],{"class":42},[28,159502,355],{"class":46},[28,159504,358],{"class":42},[28,159506,361],{"class":38},[14,159508,159509],{},"You can pass either:",[177,159511,159512,159519],{},[180,159513,159514,159515,474,159517],{},"a literal value such as ",[25,159516,1617],{},[25,159518,703],{},[180,159520,159521,159522,474,159524],{},"a variable such as ",[25,159523,121],{},[25,159525,835],{},[172,159527,121654],{"id":121653},[14,159529,159530],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[18,159532,159534],{"className":20,"code":159533,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[25,159535,159536,159554,159568,159582,159604,159630],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159537,159538,159540,159542,159544,159546,159548,159550,159552],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159539,115],{"class":114},[28,159541,94],{"class":93},[28,159543,311],{"class":89},[28,159545,94],{"class":93},[28,159547,234],{"class":42},[28,159549,238],{"class":46},[28,159551,234],{"class":42},[28,159553,318],{"class":93},[28,159555,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159557,115],{"class":114},[28,159559,94],{"class":93},[28,159561,311],{"class":89},[28,159563,94],{"class":93},[28,159565,2099],{"class":97},[28,159567,318],{"class":93},[28,159569,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159571,115],{"class":114},[28,159573,94],{"class":93},[28,159575,311],{"class":89},[28,159577,94],{"class":93},[28,159579,792],{"class":97},[28,159581,318],{"class":93},[28,159583,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,159585,115],{"class":114},[28,159587,94],{"class":93},[28,159589,311],{"class":89},[28,159591,2753],{"class":93},[28,159593,2756],{"class":97},[28,159595,2759],{"class":93},[28,159597,2762],{"class":97},[28,159599,2759],{"class":93},[28,159601,2221],{"class":97},[28,159603,2769],{"class":93},[28,159605,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626,159628],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,159607,115],{"class":114},[28,159609,94],{"class":93},[28,159611,311],{"class":89},[28,159613,5305],{"class":93},[28,159615,234],{"class":42},[28,159617,121],{"class":46},[28,159619,234],{"class":42},[28,159621,271],{"class":93},[28,159623,43],{"class":42},[28,159625,47],{"class":46},[28,159627,234],{"class":42},[28,159629,5314],{"class":93},[28,159631,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,159633,115],{"class":114},[28,159635,94],{"class":93},[28,159637,311],{"class":89},[28,159639,94],{"class":93},[28,159641,777],{"class":776},[28,159643,318],{"class":93},[14,159645,336],{},[18,159647,159649],{"className":20,"code":159648,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[25,159650,159651,159665,159679,159693,159707,159721],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159652,159653,159655,159657,159659,159661,159663],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159654,346],{"class":38},[28,159656,350],{"class":349},[28,159658,61],{"class":42},[28,159660,355],{"class":46},[28,159662,358],{"class":42},[28,159664,361],{"class":38},[28,159666,159667,159669,159671,159673,159675,159677],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159668,346],{"class":38},[28,159670,350],{"class":349},[28,159672,61],{"class":42},[28,159674,372],{"class":46},[28,159676,358],{"class":42},[28,159678,361],{"class":38},[28,159680,159681,159683,159685,159687,159689,159691],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159682,346],{"class":38},[28,159684,350],{"class":349},[28,159686,61],{"class":42},[28,159688,1962],{"class":46},[28,159690,358],{"class":42},[28,159692,361],{"class":38},[28,159694,159695,159697,159699,159701,159703,159705],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,159696,346],{"class":38},[28,159698,350],{"class":349},[28,159700,61],{"class":42},[28,159702,7869],{"class":46},[28,159704,358],{"class":42},[28,159706,361],{"class":38},[28,159708,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,159710,346],{"class":38},[28,159712,350],{"class":349},[28,159714,61],{"class":42},[28,159716,8599],{"class":46},[28,159718,358],{"class":42},[28,159720,361],{"class":38},[28,159722,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731,159733],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,159724,346],{"class":38},[28,159726,350],{"class":349},[28,159728,61],{"class":42},[28,159730,3635],{"class":46},[28,159732,358],{"class":42},[28,159734,361],{"class":38},[14,159736,159737],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159739,159740,159741,385],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[381,159742,44586],{"href":48759},[172,159744,8194,159746,159748],{"id":159745},"using-type-with-variables",[25,159747,270],{}," with variables",[14,159750,159751],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159753,159754],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[18,159756,159758],{"className":20,"code":159757,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[25,159759,159760,159768,159786,159790,159802,159820,159824,159836],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159761,159762,159764,159766],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159763,2216],{"class":34},[28,159765,39],{"class":38},[28,159767,1470],{"class":97},[28,159769,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159771,115],{"class":114},[28,159773,94],{"class":93},[28,159775,2242],{"class":120},[28,159777,2759],{"class":93},[28,159779,49171],{"class":89},[28,159781,94],{"class":93},[28,159783,2242],{"class":120},[28,159785,318],{"class":93},[28,159787,159788],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159789,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,159791,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,159793,2216],{"class":34},[28,159795,39],{"class":38},[28,159797,43],{"class":42},[28,159799,45694],{"class":46},[28,159801,50],{"class":42},[28,159803,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,159805,115],{"class":114},[28,159807,94],{"class":93},[28,159809,2242],{"class":120},[28,159811,2759],{"class":93},[28,159813,49171],{"class":89},[28,159815,94],{"class":93},[28,159817,2242],{"class":120},[28,159819,318],{"class":93},[28,159821,159822],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,159823,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,159827,2216],{"class":34},[28,159829,39],{"class":38},[28,159831,3388],{"class":93},[28,159833,2099],{"class":97},[28,159835,3401],{"class":93},[28,159837,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852],{"class":30,"line":138},[28,159839,115],{"class":114},[28,159841,94],{"class":93},[28,159843,2242],{"class":120},[28,159845,2759],{"class":93},[28,159847,49171],{"class":89},[28,159849,94],{"class":93},[28,159851,2242],{"class":120},[28,159853,318],{"class":93},[14,159855,336],{},[18,159857,159859],{"className":20,"code":159858,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[25,159860,159861,159878,159895],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159862,159863,159865,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159864,2099],{"class":97},[28,159866,159867],{"class":38}," \u003C",[28,159869,350],{"class":349},[28,159871,61],{"class":42},[28,159873,372],{"class":46},[28,159875,358],{"class":42},[28,159877,361],{"class":38},[28,159879,159880,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159881,159882],{"class":34},"ten ",[28,159884,346],{"class":38},[28,159886,350],{"class":349},[28,159888,61],{"class":42},[28,159890,355],{"class":46},[28,159892,358],{"class":42},[28,159894,361],{"class":38},[28,159896,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159898,3669],{"class":93},[28,159900,2099],{"class":97},[28,159902,13058],{"class":93},[28,159904,159867],{"class":38},[28,159906,350],{"class":349},[28,159908,61],{"class":42},[28,159910,7869],{"class":46},[28,159912,358],{"class":42},[28,159914,361],{"class":38},[14,159916,159917,159919],{},[25,159918,270],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,159921,159922],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[18,159924,159926],{"className":20,"code":159925,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[25,159927,159928,159946,159960,159964,159978],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,159929,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,159931,3158],{"class":34},[28,159933,39],{"class":38},[28,159935,8018],{"class":114},[28,159937,94],{"class":93},[28,159939,234],{"class":42},[28,159941,41663],{"class":46},[28,159943,234],{"class":42},[28,159945,101],{"class":93},[28,159947,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,159949,115],{"class":114},[28,159951,94],{"class":93},[28,159953,311],{"class":89},[28,159955,94],{"class":93},[28,159957,3184],{"class":120},[28,159959,318],{"class":93},[28,159961,159962],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,159963,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,159965,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,159967,122766],{"class":34},[28,159969,39],{"class":38},[28,159971,45064],{"class":89},[28,159973,94],{"class":93},[28,159975,3184],{"class":120},[28,159977,101],{"class":93},[28,159979,159980,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,159981,115],{"class":114},[28,159983,94],{"class":93},[28,159985,311],{"class":89},[28,159987,94],{"class":93},[28,159989,122789],{"class":120},[28,159991,318],{"class":93},[14,159993,40913,159994,40917],{},[25,159995,8972],{},[18,159997,159998],{"className":20,"code":339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,159999,160000,160014],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160001,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160003,346],{"class":38},[28,160005,350],{"class":349},[28,160007,61],{"class":42},[28,160009,355],{"class":46},[28,160011,358],{"class":42},[28,160013,361],{"class":38},[28,160015,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160017,346],{"class":38},[28,160019,350],{"class":349},[28,160021,61],{"class":42},[28,160023,372],{"class":46},[28,160025,358],{"class":42},[28,160027,361],{"class":38},[14,160029,45491,160030,160034,160035,474,160039,160043],{},[381,160031,160032],{"href":7995},[25,160033,2725],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[381,160036,160037],{"href":2642},[25,160038,2645],{},[381,160040,160041],{"href":2648},[25,160042,2651],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160045,160046,160047,385],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[381,160048,8759],{"href":8758},[172,160050,160052,10365,160054],{"id":160051},"type-vs-isinstance",[25,160053,270],{},[25,160055,44594],{},[14,160057,160058,1323,160060,160062],{},[25,160059,270],{},[25,160061,44594],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[177,160064,160065,160070],{},[180,160066,160067,160069],{},[25,160068,270],{}," tells you the exact type",[180,160071,160072,160074],{},[25,160073,44594],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160076,924],{},[18,160078,160080],{"className":20,"code":160079,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[25,160081,160082,160090,160094,160108],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160083,160084,160086,160088],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160085,2216],{"class":34},[28,160087,39],{"class":38},[28,160089,34632],{"class":97},[28,160091,160092],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160093,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,160095,160096,160098,160100,160102,160104,160106],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160097,115],{"class":114},[28,160099,94],{"class":93},[28,160101,311],{"class":89},[28,160103,94],{"class":93},[28,160105,2242],{"class":120},[28,160107,318],{"class":93},[28,160109,160110,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160111,115],{"class":114},[28,160113,94],{"class":93},[28,160115,48657],{"class":114},[28,160117,94],{"class":93},[28,160119,2242],{"class":120},[28,160121,2759],{"class":93},[28,160123,45064],{"class":89},[28,160125,318],{"class":93},[14,160127,336],{},[18,160129,160131],{"className":20,"code":160130,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[25,160132,160133,160147],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160134,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160136,346],{"class":38},[28,160138,350],{"class":349},[28,160140,61],{"class":42},[28,160142,372],{"class":46},[28,160144,358],{"class":42},[28,160146,361],{"class":38},[28,160148,160149],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160150,3749],{"class":776},[14,160152,160153,160154,160156],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[25,160155,44594],{}," is more practical.",[18,160158,160160],{"className":20,"code":160159,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[25,160161,160162,160170,160174,160190],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160163,160164,160166,160168],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160165,2216],{"class":34},[28,160167,39],{"class":38},[28,160169,34632],{"class":97},[28,160171,160172],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160173,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,160175,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160177,6773],{"class":3644},[28,160179,49394],{"class":114},[28,160181,94],{"class":93},[28,160183,2242],{"class":120},[28,160185,2759],{"class":93},[28,160187,45064],{"class":89},[28,160189,8118],{"class":93},[28,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160201,160203],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160193,7844],{"class":114},[28,160195,94],{"class":93},[28,160197,234],{"class":42},[28,160199,160200],{"class":46},"This is an integer",[28,160202,234],{"class":42},[28,160204,101],{"class":93},[14,160206,1631,160207,160209],{},[25,160208,270],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160211,1631,160212,160214,160215,6948],{},[25,160213,44594],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[25,160216,6773],{},[14,160218,160219,160220,385],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[381,160221,858,160223,861],{"href":160222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[25,160224,44594],{},[172,160226,160228,160229],{"id":160227},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[25,160230,270],{},[14,160232,160233],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[18,160235,160237],{"className":20,"code":160236,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[25,160238,160239],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160240,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249,160252,160254,160256],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160242,311],{"class":89},[28,160244,94],{"class":93},[28,160246,121],{"class":120},[28,160248,2759],{"class":93},[28,160250,160251],{"class":120}," bases",[28,160253,2759],{"class":93},[28,160255,8949],{"class":89},[28,160257,101],{"class":93},[14,160259,160260],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160262,924],{},[18,160264,160266],{"className":20,"code":160265,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[25,160267,160268,160311,160315,160325],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160269,160270,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160284,160286,160288,160291,160293,160295,160298,160300,160302,160304,160307,160309],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160271,160272],{"class":34},"Person ",[28,160274,39],{"class":38},[28,160276,49171],{"class":89},[28,160278,94],{"class":93},[28,160280,234],{"class":42},[28,160282,160283],{"class":46},"Person",[28,160285,234],{"class":42},[28,160287,2759],{"class":93},[28,160289,160290],{"class":93}," (),",[28,160292,10270],{"class":93},[28,160294,234],{"class":42},[28,160296,160297],{"class":46},"species",[28,160299,234],{"class":42},[28,160301,271],{"class":93},[28,160303,43],{"class":42},[28,160305,160306],{"class":46},"human",[28,160308,234],{"class":42},[28,160310,30286],{"class":93},[28,160312,160313],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160314,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,160316,160317,160319,160321,160323],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160318,115],{"class":114},[28,160320,94],{"class":93},[28,160322,160283],{"class":120},[28,160324,101],{"class":93},[28,160326,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160328,115],{"class":114},[28,160330,94],{"class":93},[28,160332,160283],{"class":120},[28,160334,385],{"class":93},[28,160336,160297],{"class":24538},[28,160338,101],{"class":93},[14,160340,336],{},[18,160342,160344],{"className":20,"code":160343,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[25,160345,160346,160361],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160347,160348,160350,160352,160354,160357,160359],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160349,346],{"class":38},[28,160351,350],{"class":349},[28,160353,61],{"class":42},[28,160355,160356],{"class":46},"__main__.Person",[28,160358,358],{"class":42},[28,160360,361],{"class":38},[28,160362,160363],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160364,160365],{"class":34},"human\n",[14,160367,160368,160369,160371],{},"Most beginners do ",[163,160370,4402],{}," need this form.",[14,160373,160374],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[172,160376,4734,160378],{"id":160377},"when-to-use-type",[25,160379,270],{},[14,160381,160382,12227],{},[25,160383,270],{},[177,160385,160386,160389,160392,160395],{},[180,160387,160388],{},"debug unexpected values",[180,160390,160391],{},"check what a conversion produced",[180,160393,160394],{},"learn Python data types",[180,160396,160397],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160399,5247],{},[18,160401,160403],{"className":20,"code":160402,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[25,160404,160405,160417,160431,160435,160449],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160406,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160408,84],{"class":34},[28,160410,39],{"class":38},[28,160412,43],{"class":42},[28,160414,98],{"class":46},[28,160416,50],{"class":42},[28,160418,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160420,293],{"class":34},[28,160422,39],{"class":38},[28,160424,45064],{"class":89},[28,160426,94],{"class":93},[28,160428,157],{"class":120},[28,160430,101],{"class":93},[28,160432,160433],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160434,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,160436,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160438,115],{"class":114},[28,160440,94],{"class":93},[28,160442,311],{"class":89},[28,160444,94],{"class":93},[28,160446,157],{"class":120},[28,160448,318],{"class":93},[28,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,160452,115],{"class":114},[28,160454,94],{"class":93},[28,160456,311],{"class":89},[28,160458,94],{"class":93},[28,160460,331],{"class":120},[28,160462,318],{"class":93},[14,160464,336],{},[18,160466,160467],{"className":20,"code":339,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,160468,160469,160483],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160470,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160472,346],{"class":38},[28,160474,350],{"class":349},[28,160476,61],{"class":42},[28,160478,355],{"class":46},[28,160480,358],{"class":42},[28,160482,361],{"class":38},[28,160484,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160486,346],{"class":38},[28,160488,350],{"class":349},[28,160490,61],{"class":42},[28,160492,372],{"class":46},[28,160494,358],{"class":42},[28,160496,361],{"class":38},[14,160498,160499],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160501,160502,160503,1959,160507,16858,160511,160515],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[381,160504,160505],{"href":857},[25,160506,169],{},[381,160508,160509],{"href":2642},[25,160510,2645],{},[381,160512,160513],{"href":2648},[25,160514,2651],{}," are often the next step.",[172,160517,25146],{"id":25145},[14,160519,160520,160521,160523],{},"A few things about ",[25,160522,270],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1109,160525,160527,160530],{"id":160526},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[25,160528,160529],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160532,64422],{},[18,160534,160536],{"className":20,"code":160535,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(5))\n",[25,160537,160538],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160539,160540,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160541,115],{"class":114},[28,160543,94],{"class":93},[28,160545,311],{"class":89},[28,160547,94],{"class":93},[28,160549,1905],{"class":97},[28,160551,318],{"class":93},[14,160553,122685],{},[18,160555,160556],{"className":20,"code":156005,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,160557,160558],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160559,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160561,346],{"class":38},[28,160563,350],{"class":349},[28,160565,61],{"class":42},[28,160567,372],{"class":46},[28,160569,358],{"class":42},[28,160571,361],{"class":38},[14,160573,40698,160574,160576,160577,385],{},[163,160575,4402],{}," print just ",[25,160578,372],{},[14,160580,6452,160581,160583],{},[25,160582,270],{}," returns a class object.",[1109,160585,160587,2166,160589],{"id":160586},"input-returns-str",[25,160588,2725],{},[25,160590,355],{},[14,160592,79321],{},[18,160594,160596],{"className":20,"code":160595,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[25,160597,160598,160616],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160599,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160601,2216],{"class":34},[28,160603,39],{"class":38},[28,160605,8018],{"class":114},[28,160607,94],{"class":93},[28,160609,234],{"class":42},[28,160611,46095],{"class":46},[28,160613,234],{"class":42},[28,160615,101],{"class":93},[28,160617,160618,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160619,115],{"class":114},[28,160621,94],{"class":93},[28,160623,311],{"class":89},[28,160625,94],{"class":93},[28,160627,2242],{"class":120},[28,160629,318],{"class":93},[14,160631,160632],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160634,160635,160636,474,160638,385],{},"If you need a number, use ",[25,160637,2645],{},[25,160639,2651],{},[1109,160641,160643],{"id":160642},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160645,160646],{},"Avoid code like this:",[18,160648,160650],{"className":20,"code":160649,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[25,160651,160652,160660,160664,160690],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160653,160654,160656,160658],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160655,2216],{"class":34},[28,160657,39],{"class":38},[28,160659,34632],{"class":97},[28,160661,160662],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160663,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,160665,160666,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160667,6773],{"class":3644},[28,160669,90],{"class":89},[28,160671,94],{"class":93},[28,160673,311],{"class":89},[28,160675,94],{"class":93},[28,160677,2242],{"class":120},[28,160679,5136],{"class":93},[28,160681,6185],{"class":38},[28,160683,43],{"class":42},[28,160685,159384],{"class":46},[28,160687,234],{"class":42},[28,160689,6170],{"class":93},[28,160691,160692,160694,160696,160698,160701,160703],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160693,7844],{"class":114},[28,160695,94],{"class":93},[28,160697,234],{"class":42},[28,160699,160700],{"class":46},"It is an int",[28,160702,234],{"class":42},[28,160704,101],{"class":93},[14,160706,160707],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160709,160710],{},"Better options:",[18,160712,160714],{"className":20,"code":160713,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[25,160715,160716,160724,160728,160748],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160717,160718,160720,160722],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160719,2216],{"class":34},[28,160721,39],{"class":38},[28,160723,34632],{"class":97},[28,160725,160726],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160727,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,160729,160730,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160731,115],{"class":114},[28,160733,94],{"class":93},[28,160735,311],{"class":89},[28,160737,94],{"class":93},[28,160739,2242],{"class":120},[28,160741,3428],{"class":93},[28,160743,6185],{"class":38},[28,160745,45064],{"class":89},[28,160747,101],{"class":93},[28,160749,160750,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160751,115],{"class":114},[28,160753,94],{"class":93},[28,160755,48657],{"class":114},[28,160757,94],{"class":93},[28,160759,2242],{"class":120},[28,160761,2759],{"class":93},[28,160763,45064],{"class":89},[28,160765,318],{"class":93},[14,160767,336],{},[18,160769,160770],{"className":20,"code":4276,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,160771,160772,160776],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160773,160774],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160775,3749],{"class":776},[28,160777,160778],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160779,3749],{"class":776},[14,160781,160782,160783,160785],{},"In most real code, ",[25,160784,44594],{}," is the more useful check.",[172,160787,1104],{"id":1103},[14,160789,14519,160790,271],{},[25,160791,270],{},[177,160793,160794,160804,160813,160822],{},[180,160795,8194,160796,160798,160799,160803],{},[25,160797,270],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[381,160800,160801],{"href":7995},[25,160802,2725],{}," always returns a string",[180,160805,8230,160806,160808,160809,10871,160811],{},[25,160807,270],{}," to return plain text like ",[25,160810,372],{},[25,160812,159384],{},[180,160814,8194,160815,44418,160818,160821],{},[25,160816,160817],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[25,160819,160820],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[180,160823,160824],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160826,160827,160828,385],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[381,160829,160831],{"href":160830},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160833,144159],{},[18,160835,160837],{"className":20,"code":160836,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[25,160838,160839,160853,160863,160877,160887],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,160840,160841,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,160842,115],{"class":114},[28,160844,94],{"class":93},[28,160846,311],{"class":89},[28,160848,94],{"class":93},[28,160850,2242],{"class":120},[28,160852,318],{"class":93},[28,160854,160855,160857,160859,160861],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,160856,115],{"class":114},[28,160858,94],{"class":93},[28,160860,2242],{"class":120},[28,160862,101],{"class":93},[28,160864,160865,160867,160869,160871,160873,160875],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,160866,115],{"class":114},[28,160868,94],{"class":93},[28,160870,1574],{"class":114},[28,160872,94],{"class":93},[28,160874,2242],{"class":120},[28,160876,318],{"class":93},[28,160878,160879,160881,160883,160885],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,160880,31943],{"class":114},[28,160882,94],{"class":93},[28,160884,311],{"class":89},[28,160886,101],{"class":93},[28,160888,160889,160891,160893,160895],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,160890,34164],{"class":114},[28,160892,94],{"class":93},[28,160894,2242],{"class":120},[28,160896,101],{"class":93},[14,160898,160899],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[172,160901,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,160903,4915,160905,4918],{"id":160904},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[25,160906,270],{},[14,160908,160909,160910,1959,160912,1959,160914,1963,160916,160918,160919,385],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[25,160911,355],{},[25,160913,372],{},[25,160915,7869],{},[25,160917,8599],{},", shown as a class object like ",[25,160920,159381],{},[1109,160922,14689,160924,56985,160926,2262],{"id":160923},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[25,160925,270],{},[25,160927,44594],{},[14,160929,46150,160930,160932,160933,160935],{},[25,160931,270],{}," shows the exact type. ",[25,160934,44594],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1109,160937,4931,160939,160942,160943,2262],{"id":160938},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[25,160940,160941],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[25,160944,355],{},[14,160946,28851,160947,160949,160950,474,160952,160043],{},[25,160948,2725],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[25,160951,2645],{},[25,160953,2651],{},[1109,160955,4943,160957,160959],{"id":160956},"can-type-create-classes",[25,160958,270],{}," create classes?",[14,160961,160962,160963,385],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[25,160964,160965],{},"type(object)",[172,160967,1662],{"id":1661},[177,160969,160970,160974,160980,160986,160990,160996,161002],{},[180,160971,160972],{},[381,160973,44586],{"href":48759},[180,160975,160976],{},[381,160977,858,160978,861],{"href":160222},[25,160979,44594],{},[180,160981,160982],{},[381,160983,858,160984,861],{"href":7995},[25,160985,2725],{},[180,160987,160988],{},[381,160989,8836],{"href":8758},[180,160991,160992],{},[381,160993,858,160994,861],{"href":2642},[25,160995,2645],{},[180,160997,160998],{},[381,160999,858,161000,861],{"href":2648},[25,161001,2651],{},[180,161003,161004],{},[381,161005,858,161006,861],{"href":857},[25,161007,169],{},[1699,161009,161010],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":161012},[161013,161014,161016,161017,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161033,161034,161044],{"id":3372,"depth":53,"text":3373},{"id":159387,"depth":53,"text":161015},"What the type() function does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":121653,"depth":53,"text":121654},{"id":159745,"depth":53,"text":161019},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160051,"depth":53,"text":161021},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160227,"depth":53,"text":161023},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160377,"depth":53,"text":161025},"When to use type()",{"id":25145,"depth":53,"text":25146,"children":161027},[161028,161030,161032],{"id":160526,"depth":70,"text":161029},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160586,"depth":70,"text":161031},"input() returns str",{"id":160642,"depth":70,"text":160643},{"id":1103,"depth":53,"text":1104},{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":161035},[161036,161038,161040,161042],{"id":160904,"depth":70,"text":161037},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160923,"depth":70,"text":161039},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160938,"depth":70,"text":161041},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160956,"depth":70,"text":161043},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159221,"description":161045},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161051,"title":161052,"body":161053,"description":163532,"extension":1730,"meta":163533,"navigation":107,"path":163534,"seo":163535,"stem":163536,"__hash__":163537},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161054,"toc":163489},[161055,161060,161065,161074,161076,161176,161178,161203,161208,161213,161229,161232,161234,161236,161261,161264,161267,161350,161352,161401,161404,161526,161528,161601,161605,161608,161722,161724,161750,161752,161773,161778,161782,161787,161790,161894,161896,161913,161922,161925,162012,162014,162025,162030,162036,162041,162047,162050,162143,162145,162194,162200,162203,162304,162306,162359,162364,162368,162371,162470,162472,162511,162514,162519,162521,162526,162530,162643,162647,162744,162748,162836,162838,162855,162859,162982,162988,162994,163000,163005,163008,163035,163039,163041,163135,163138,163142,163145,163232,163235,163270,163272,163309,163312,163320,163325,163330,163404,163411,163413,163418,163421,163427,163430,163436,163441,163447,163452,163456,163459,163461,163486],[10,161056,858,161058,3344],{"id":161057},"python-zip-function-explained",[25,161059,64099],{},[14,161061,161062,161064],{},[25,161063,64099],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161066,161067,161068,161070,161071,161073],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[25,161069,64099],{}," inside a ",[25,161072,5734],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[172,161075,1771],{"id":1770},[18,161077,161079],{"className":20,"code":161078,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[25,161080,161081,161113,161133,161137,161162],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161082,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161084,4768],{"class":34},[28,161086,39],{"class":38},[28,161088,3388],{"class":93},[28,161090,234],{"class":42},[28,161092,12664],{"class":46},[28,161094,234],{"class":42},[28,161096,2759],{"class":93},[28,161098,43],{"class":42},[28,161100,35730],{"class":46},[28,161102,234],{"class":42},[28,161104,2759],{"class":93},[28,161106,43],{"class":42},[28,161108,35739],{"class":46},[28,161110,234],{"class":42},[28,161112,3401],{"class":93},[28,161114,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161116,4836],{"class":34},[28,161118,39],{"class":38},[28,161120,3388],{"class":93},[28,161122,13287],{"class":97},[28,161124,2759],{"class":93},[28,161126,13292],{"class":97},[28,161128,2759],{"class":93},[28,161130,28710],{"class":97},[28,161132,3401],{"class":93},[28,161134,161135],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161136,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,161138,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,161140,5734],{"class":3644},[28,161142,35781],{"class":34},[28,161144,2759],{"class":93},[28,161146,4878],{"class":34},[28,161148,3651],{"class":3644},[28,161150,161151],{"class":114}," zip",[28,161153,94],{"class":93},[28,161155,4811],{"class":120},[28,161157,2759],{"class":93},[28,161159,4883],{"class":120},[28,161161,8118],{"class":93},[28,161163,161164,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,161165,7844],{"class":114},[28,161167,94],{"class":93},[28,161169,121],{"class":120},[28,161171,2759],{"class":93},[28,161173,130439],{"class":120},[28,161175,101],{"class":93},[14,161177,336],{},[18,161179,161181],{"className":20,"code":161180,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[25,161182,161183,161189,161196],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161184,161185,161187],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161186,133458],{"class":34},[28,161188,32927],{"class":97},[28,161190,161191,161194],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161192,161193],{"class":34},"Ben ",[28,161195,32932],{"class":97},[28,161197,161198,161201],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161199,161200],{"class":34},"Cara ",[28,161202,32937],{"class":97},[14,161204,1631,161205,161207],{},[25,161206,64099],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[172,161209,3445,161211,3448],{"id":161210},"what-zip-does",[25,161212,64099],{},[177,161214,161215,161220,161223,161226],{},[180,161216,161217,161219],{},[25,161218,64099],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[180,161221,161222],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[180,161224,161225],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[180,161227,161228],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161230,161231],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[172,161233,1927],{"id":1926},[14,161235,6994],{},[18,161237,161239],{"className":20,"code":161238,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[25,161240,161241],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161242,161243,161245,161247,161250,161252,161255,161257,161259],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161244,64169],{"class":114},[28,161246,94],{"class":93},[28,161248,161249],{"class":120},"iterable1",[28,161251,2759],{"class":93},[28,161253,161254],{"class":120}," iterable2",[28,161256,2759],{"class":93},[28,161258,34245],{"class":114},[28,161260,101],{"class":93},[14,161262,161263],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161265,161266],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[18,161268,161270],{"className":20,"code":161269,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[25,161271,161272,161292,161324,161328],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161273,161274,161276,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161275,3383],{"class":34},[28,161277,39],{"class":38},[28,161279,3388],{"class":93},[28,161281,2756],{"class":97},[28,161283,2759],{"class":93},[28,161285,2762],{"class":97},[28,161287,2759],{"class":93},[28,161289,2221],{"class":97},[28,161291,3401],{"class":93},[28,161293,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161295,35880],{"class":34},[28,161297,39],{"class":38},[28,161299,3388],{"class":93},[28,161301,234],{"class":42},[28,161303,381],{"class":46},[28,161305,234],{"class":42},[28,161307,2759],{"class":93},[28,161309,43],{"class":42},[28,161311,4533],{"class":46},[28,161313,234],{"class":42},[28,161315,2759],{"class":93},[28,161317,43],{"class":42},[28,161319,9518],{"class":46},[28,161321,234],{"class":42},[28,161323,3401],{"class":93},[28,161325,161326],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161327,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,161329,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,161331,115],{"class":114},[28,161333,94],{"class":93},[28,161335,7869],{"class":89},[28,161337,94],{"class":93},[28,161339,64169],{"class":114},[28,161341,94],{"class":93},[28,161343,3415],{"class":120},[28,161345,2759],{"class":93},[28,161347,69875],{"class":120},[28,161349,2679],{"class":93},[14,161351,336],{},[18,161353,161355],{"className":20,"code":161354,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[25,161356,161357],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161358,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161360,21527],{"class":93},[28,161362,2756],{"class":97},[28,161364,2759],{"class":93},[28,161366,61],{"class":42},[28,161368,381],{"class":46},[28,161370,358],{"class":42},[28,161372,9012],{"class":93},[28,161374,9015],{"class":93},[28,161376,1825],{"class":97},[28,161378,2759],{"class":93},[28,161380,61],{"class":42},[28,161382,4533],{"class":46},[28,161384,358],{"class":42},[28,161386,9012],{"class":93},[28,161388,9015],{"class":93},[28,161390,1831],{"class":97},[28,161392,2759],{"class":93},[28,161394,61],{"class":42},[28,161396,9518],{"class":46},[28,161398,358],{"class":42},[28,161400,9028],{"class":93},[14,161402,161403],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[18,161405,161407],{"className":20,"code":161406,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[25,161408,161409,161441,161461,161495,161499],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161410,161411,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161412,4768],{"class":34},[28,161414,39],{"class":38},[28,161416,3388],{"class":93},[28,161418,234],{"class":42},[28,161420,12664],{"class":46},[28,161422,234],{"class":42},[28,161424,2759],{"class":93},[28,161426,43],{"class":42},[28,161428,35730],{"class":46},[28,161430,234],{"class":42},[28,161432,2759],{"class":93},[28,161434,43],{"class":42},[28,161436,35739],{"class":46},[28,161438,234],{"class":42},[28,161440,3401],{"class":93},[28,161442,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161444,4836],{"class":34},[28,161446,39],{"class":38},[28,161448,3388],{"class":93},[28,161450,13287],{"class":97},[28,161452,2759],{"class":93},[28,161454,13292],{"class":97},[28,161456,2759],{"class":93},[28,161458,28710],{"class":97},[28,161460,3401],{"class":93},[28,161462,161463,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161491,161493],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161464,161465],{"class":34},"grades ",[28,161467,39],{"class":38},[28,161469,3388],{"class":93},[28,161471,234],{"class":42},[28,161473,22032],{"class":46},[28,161475,234],{"class":42},[28,161477,2759],{"class":93},[28,161479,43],{"class":42},[28,161481,30390],{"class":46},[28,161483,234],{"class":42},[28,161485,2759],{"class":93},[28,161487,43],{"class":42},[28,161489,161490],{"class":46},"B+",[28,161492,234],{"class":42},[28,161494,3401],{"class":93},[28,161496,161497],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,161498,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,161500,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161524],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,161502,115],{"class":114},[28,161504,94],{"class":93},[28,161506,7869],{"class":89},[28,161508,94],{"class":93},[28,161510,64169],{"class":114},[28,161512,94],{"class":93},[28,161514,4811],{"class":120},[28,161516,2759],{"class":93},[28,161518,4883],{"class":120},[28,161520,2759],{"class":93},[28,161522,161523],{"class":120}," grades",[28,161525,2679],{"class":93},[14,161527,336],{},[18,161529,161531],{"className":20,"code":161530,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[25,161532,161533],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161534,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595,161597,161599],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161536,21527],{"class":93},[28,161538,358],{"class":42},[28,161540,12664],{"class":46},[28,161542,358],{"class":42},[28,161544,2759],{"class":93},[28,161546,19686],{"class":97},[28,161548,2759],{"class":93},[28,161550,61],{"class":42},[28,161552,22032],{"class":46},[28,161554,358],{"class":42},[28,161556,9012],{"class":93},[28,161558,9015],{"class":93},[28,161560,358],{"class":42},[28,161562,35730],{"class":46},[28,161564,358],{"class":42},[28,161566,2759],{"class":93},[28,161568,13292],{"class":97},[28,161570,2759],{"class":93},[28,161572,61],{"class":42},[28,161574,30390],{"class":46},[28,161576,358],{"class":42},[28,161578,9012],{"class":93},[28,161580,9015],{"class":93},[28,161582,358],{"class":42},[28,161584,35739],{"class":46},[28,161586,358],{"class":42},[28,161588,2759],{"class":93},[28,161590,28710],{"class":97},[28,161592,2759],{"class":93},[28,161594,61],{"class":42},[28,161596,161490],{"class":46},[28,161598,358],{"class":42},[28,161600,9028],{"class":93},[172,161602,161604],{"id":161603},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161606,161607],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[18,161609,161611],{"className":20,"code":161610,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[25,161612,161613,161645,161665,161669,161693],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161614,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161616,4768],{"class":34},[28,161618,39],{"class":38},[28,161620,3388],{"class":93},[28,161622,234],{"class":42},[28,161624,12664],{"class":46},[28,161626,234],{"class":42},[28,161628,2759],{"class":93},[28,161630,43],{"class":42},[28,161632,35730],{"class":46},[28,161634,234],{"class":42},[28,161636,2759],{"class":93},[28,161638,43],{"class":42},[28,161640,35739],{"class":46},[28,161642,234],{"class":42},[28,161644,3401],{"class":93},[28,161646,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161648,4836],{"class":34},[28,161650,39],{"class":38},[28,161652,3388],{"class":93},[28,161654,13287],{"class":97},[28,161656,2759],{"class":93},[28,161658,13292],{"class":97},[28,161660,2759],{"class":93},[28,161662,28710],{"class":97},[28,161664,3401],{"class":93},[28,161666,161667],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161668,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,161670,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,161672,5734],{"class":3644},[28,161674,35781],{"class":34},[28,161676,2759],{"class":93},[28,161678,4878],{"class":34},[28,161680,3651],{"class":3644},[28,161682,161151],{"class":114},[28,161684,94],{"class":93},[28,161686,4811],{"class":120},[28,161688,2759],{"class":93},[28,161690,4883],{"class":120},[28,161692,8118],{"class":93},[28,161694,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,161696,7844],{"class":114},[28,161698,94],{"class":93},[28,161700,22081],{"class":349},[28,161702,234],{"class":46},[28,161704,9057],{"class":97},[28,161706,121],{"class":120},[28,161708,22090],{"class":97},[28,161710,161711],{"class":46}," scored ",[28,161713,9057],{"class":97},[28,161715,85297],{"class":120},[28,161717,22090],{"class":97},[28,161719,234],{"class":46},[28,161721,101],{"class":93},[14,161723,336],{},[18,161725,161727],{"className":20,"code":161726,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[25,161728,161729,161736,161743],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161730,161731,161734],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161732,161733],{"class":34},"Ana scored ",[28,161735,32927],{"class":97},[28,161737,161738,161741],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161739,161740],{"class":34},"Ben scored ",[28,161742,32932],{"class":97},[28,161744,161745,161748],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161746,161747],{"class":34},"Cara scored ",[28,161749,32937],{"class":97},[14,161751,44719],{},[177,161753,161754,161763,161766],{},[180,161755,161756,161759,161760],{},[25,161757,161758],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[25,161761,161762],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[180,161764,161765],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[180,161767,161768,1323,161770,161772],{},[25,161769,121],{},[25,161771,85297],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161774,161775,161776,385],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[381,161777,69392],{"href":69391},[172,161779,161781],{"id":161780},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161783,161784,161786],{},[25,161785,64099],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161788,161789],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[18,161791,161793],{"className":20,"code":161792,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[25,161794,161795,161836,161852,161856,161880],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161796,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161832,161834],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161798,4768],{"class":34},[28,161800,39],{"class":38},[28,161802,3388],{"class":93},[28,161804,234],{"class":42},[28,161806,12664],{"class":46},[28,161808,234],{"class":42},[28,161810,2759],{"class":93},[28,161812,43],{"class":42},[28,161814,35730],{"class":46},[28,161816,234],{"class":42},[28,161818,2759],{"class":93},[28,161820,43],{"class":42},[28,161822,35739],{"class":46},[28,161824,234],{"class":42},[28,161826,2759],{"class":93},[28,161828,43],{"class":42},[28,161830,161831],{"class":46},"Dan",[28,161833,234],{"class":42},[28,161835,3401],{"class":93},[28,161837,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161839,4836],{"class":34},[28,161841,39],{"class":38},[28,161843,3388],{"class":93},[28,161845,13287],{"class":97},[28,161847,2759],{"class":93},[28,161849,13292],{"class":97},[28,161851,3401],{"class":93},[28,161853,161854],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161855,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,161857,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,161859,5734],{"class":3644},[28,161861,35781],{"class":34},[28,161863,2759],{"class":93},[28,161865,4878],{"class":34},[28,161867,3651],{"class":3644},[28,161869,161151],{"class":114},[28,161871,94],{"class":93},[28,161873,4811],{"class":120},[28,161875,2759],{"class":93},[28,161877,4883],{"class":120},[28,161879,8118],{"class":93},[28,161881,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,161883,7844],{"class":114},[28,161885,94],{"class":93},[28,161887,121],{"class":120},[28,161889,2759],{"class":93},[28,161891,130439],{"class":120},[28,161893,101],{"class":93},[14,161895,336],{},[18,161897,161899],{"className":20,"code":161898,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[25,161900,161901,161907],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161902,161903,161905],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161904,133458],{"class":34},[28,161906,32927],{"class":97},[28,161908,161909,161911],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161910,161193],{"class":34},[28,161912,32932],{"class":97},[14,161914,2055,161915,1323,161918,161921],{},[25,161916,161917],{},"\"Cara\"",[25,161919,161920],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,161923,161924],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[18,161926,161928],{"className":20,"code":161927,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[25,161929,161930,161970,161986,161990],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,161931,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,161933,4768],{"class":34},[28,161935,39],{"class":38},[28,161937,3388],{"class":93},[28,161939,234],{"class":42},[28,161941,12664],{"class":46},[28,161943,234],{"class":42},[28,161945,2759],{"class":93},[28,161947,43],{"class":42},[28,161949,35730],{"class":46},[28,161951,234],{"class":42},[28,161953,2759],{"class":93},[28,161955,43],{"class":42},[28,161957,35739],{"class":46},[28,161959,234],{"class":42},[28,161961,2759],{"class":93},[28,161963,43],{"class":42},[28,161965,161831],{"class":46},[28,161967,234],{"class":42},[28,161969,3401],{"class":93},[28,161971,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,161973,4836],{"class":34},[28,161975,39],{"class":38},[28,161977,3388],{"class":93},[28,161979,13287],{"class":97},[28,161981,2759],{"class":93},[28,161983,13292],{"class":97},[28,161985,3401],{"class":93},[28,161987,161988],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,161989,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,161991,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,161993,115],{"class":114},[28,161995,94],{"class":93},[28,161997,10941],{"class":114},[28,161999,94],{"class":93},[28,162001,4811],{"class":120},[28,162003,9012],{"class":93},[28,162005,38178],{"class":114},[28,162007,94],{"class":93},[28,162009,16174],{"class":120},[28,162011,318],{"class":93},[14,162013,336],{},[18,162015,162017],{"className":20,"code":162016,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"4 2\n",[25,162018,162019],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162020,162021,162023],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162022,2275],{"class":97},[28,162024,45377],{"class":97},[14,162026,162027,162028,385],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[25,162029,64099],{},[172,162031,91879,162033,162035],{"id":162032},"converting-zip-output",[25,162034,64099],{}," output",[14,162037,28851,162038,162040],{},[25,162039,64099],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1109,162042,1631,162044],{"id":162043},"use-listzip",[25,162045,162046],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162048,162049],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[18,162051,162053],{"className":20,"code":162052,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[25,162054,162055,162087,162107,162111,162133],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162056,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162058,4768],{"class":34},[28,162060,39],{"class":38},[28,162062,3388],{"class":93},[28,162064,234],{"class":42},[28,162066,12664],{"class":46},[28,162068,234],{"class":42},[28,162070,2759],{"class":93},[28,162072,43],{"class":42},[28,162074,35730],{"class":46},[28,162076,234],{"class":42},[28,162078,2759],{"class":93},[28,162080,43],{"class":42},[28,162082,35739],{"class":46},[28,162084,234],{"class":42},[28,162086,3401],{"class":93},[28,162088,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162090,4836],{"class":34},[28,162092,39],{"class":38},[28,162094,3388],{"class":93},[28,162096,13287],{"class":97},[28,162098,2759],{"class":93},[28,162100,13292],{"class":97},[28,162102,2759],{"class":93},[28,162104,28710],{"class":97},[28,162106,3401],{"class":93},[28,162108,162109],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162110,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162112,162113,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162114,8994],{"class":34},[28,162116,39],{"class":38},[28,162118,22347],{"class":89},[28,162120,94],{"class":93},[28,162122,64169],{"class":114},[28,162124,94],{"class":93},[28,162126,4811],{"class":120},[28,162128,2759],{"class":93},[28,162130,4883],{"class":120},[28,162132,318],{"class":93},[28,162134,162135,162137,162139,162141],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162136,115],{"class":114},[28,162138,94],{"class":93},[28,162140,9041],{"class":120},[28,162142,101],{"class":93},[14,162144,336],{},[18,162146,162148],{"className":20,"code":162147,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[25,162149,162150],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162151,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162153,21527],{"class":93},[28,162155,358],{"class":42},[28,162157,12664],{"class":46},[28,162159,358],{"class":42},[28,162161,2759],{"class":93},[28,162163,19686],{"class":97},[28,162165,9012],{"class":93},[28,162167,9015],{"class":93},[28,162169,358],{"class":42},[28,162171,35730],{"class":46},[28,162173,358],{"class":42},[28,162175,2759],{"class":93},[28,162177,13292],{"class":97},[28,162179,9012],{"class":93},[28,162181,9015],{"class":93},[28,162183,358],{"class":42},[28,162185,35739],{"class":46},[28,162187,358],{"class":42},[28,162189,2759],{"class":93},[28,162191,28710],{"class":97},[28,162193,9028],{"class":93},[1109,162195,1631,162197],{"id":162196},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[25,162198,162199],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162201,162202],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[18,162204,162206],{"className":20,"code":162205,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[25,162207,162208,162240,162268,162272,162294],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162209,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162211,17028],{"class":34},[28,162213,39],{"class":38},[28,162215,3388],{"class":93},[28,162217,234],{"class":42},[28,162219,121],{"class":46},[28,162221,234],{"class":42},[28,162223,2759],{"class":93},[28,162225,43],{"class":42},[28,162227,835],{"class":46},[28,162229,234],{"class":42},[28,162231,2759],{"class":93},[28,162233,43],{"class":42},[28,162235,10188],{"class":46},[28,162237,234],{"class":42},[28,162239,3401],{"class":93},[28,162241,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162243,3591],{"class":34},[28,162245,39],{"class":38},[28,162247,3388],{"class":93},[28,162249,234],{"class":42},[28,162251,12664],{"class":46},[28,162253,234],{"class":42},[28,162255,2759],{"class":93},[28,162257,9084],{"class":97},[28,162259,2759],{"class":93},[28,162261,43],{"class":42},[28,162263,15816],{"class":46},[28,162265,234],{"class":42},[28,162267,3401],{"class":93},[28,162269,162270],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162271,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162273,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162275,12989],{"class":34},[28,162277,39],{"class":38},[28,162279,8949],{"class":89},[28,162281,94],{"class":93},[28,162283,64169],{"class":114},[28,162285,94],{"class":93},[28,162287,16709],{"class":120},[28,162289,2759],{"class":93},[28,162291,3654],{"class":120},[28,162293,318],{"class":93},[28,162295,162296,162298,162300,162302],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162297,115],{"class":114},[28,162299,94],{"class":93},[28,162301,17093],{"class":120},[28,162303,101],{"class":93},[14,162305,336],{},[18,162307,162309],{"className":20,"code":162308,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[25,162310,162311],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162314,9057],{"class":93},[28,162316,358],{"class":42},[28,162318,121],{"class":46},[28,162320,358],{"class":42},[28,162322,271],{"class":93},[28,162324,61],{"class":42},[28,162326,12664],{"class":46},[28,162328,358],{"class":42},[28,162330,2759],{"class":93},[28,162332,61],{"class":42},[28,162334,835],{"class":46},[28,162336,358],{"class":42},[28,162338,271],{"class":93},[28,162340,9084],{"class":97},[28,162342,2759],{"class":93},[28,162344,61],{"class":42},[28,162346,10188],{"class":46},[28,162348,358],{"class":42},[28,162350,271],{"class":93},[28,162352,61],{"class":42},[28,162354,15816],{"class":46},[28,162356,358],{"class":42},[28,162358,9087],{"class":93},[14,162360,162361,162362,385],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[381,162363,30877],{"href":30876},[1109,162365,162367],{"id":162366},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162369,162370],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[18,162372,162374],{"className":20,"code":162373,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[25,162375,162376,162400,162416,162420,162438,162442,162456],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162377,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162379,4768],{"class":34},[28,162381,39],{"class":38},[28,162383,3388],{"class":93},[28,162385,234],{"class":42},[28,162387,12664],{"class":46},[28,162389,234],{"class":42},[28,162391,2759],{"class":93},[28,162393,43],{"class":42},[28,162395,35730],{"class":46},[28,162397,234],{"class":42},[28,162399,3401],{"class":93},[28,162401,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162403,4836],{"class":34},[28,162405,39],{"class":38},[28,162407,3388],{"class":93},[28,162409,13287],{"class":97},[28,162411,2759],{"class":93},[28,162413,13292],{"class":97},[28,162415,3401],{"class":93},[28,162417,162418],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162419,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162421,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162423,8994],{"class":34},[28,162425,39],{"class":38},[28,162427,161151],{"class":114},[28,162429,94],{"class":93},[28,162431,4811],{"class":120},[28,162433,2759],{"class":93},[28,162435,4883],{"class":120},[28,162437,101],{"class":93},[28,162439,162440],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162441,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162443,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,162445,115],{"class":114},[28,162447,94],{"class":93},[28,162449,7869],{"class":89},[28,162451,94],{"class":93},[28,162453,9041],{"class":120},[28,162455,318],{"class":93},[28,162457,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,162459,115],{"class":114},[28,162461,94],{"class":93},[28,162463,7869],{"class":89},[28,162465,94],{"class":93},[28,162467,9041],{"class":120},[28,162469,318],{"class":93},[14,162471,336],{},[18,162473,162475],{"className":20,"code":162474,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[25,162476,162477,162507],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162478,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162480,21527],{"class":93},[28,162482,358],{"class":42},[28,162484,12664],{"class":46},[28,162486,358],{"class":42},[28,162488,2759],{"class":93},[28,162490,19686],{"class":97},[28,162492,9012],{"class":93},[28,162494,9015],{"class":93},[28,162496,358],{"class":42},[28,162498,35730],{"class":46},[28,162500,358],{"class":42},[28,162502,2759],{"class":93},[28,162504,13292],{"class":97},[28,162506,9028],{"class":93},[28,162508,162509],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162510,38089],{"class":93},[14,162512,162513],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162515,162516,162517,385],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[381,162518,4909],{"href":5362},[172,162520,40838],{"id":40837},[14,162522,162523,162524,385],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[25,162525,64099],{},[1109,162527,162529],{"id":162528},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[18,162531,162533],{"className":20,"code":162532,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[25,162534,162535,162567,162587,162591,162615],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162536,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162538,4768],{"class":34},[28,162540,39],{"class":38},[28,162542,3388],{"class":93},[28,162544,234],{"class":42},[28,162546,12664],{"class":46},[28,162548,234],{"class":42},[28,162550,2759],{"class":93},[28,162552,43],{"class":42},[28,162554,35730],{"class":46},[28,162556,234],{"class":42},[28,162558,2759],{"class":93},[28,162560,43],{"class":42},[28,162562,35739],{"class":46},[28,162564,234],{"class":42},[28,162566,3401],{"class":93},[28,162568,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162570,4836],{"class":34},[28,162572,39],{"class":38},[28,162574,3388],{"class":93},[28,162576,13287],{"class":97},[28,162578,2759],{"class":93},[28,162580,13292],{"class":97},[28,162582,2759],{"class":93},[28,162584,28710],{"class":97},[28,162586,3401],{"class":93},[28,162588,162589],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162590,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162592,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162594,5734],{"class":3644},[28,162596,35781],{"class":34},[28,162598,2759],{"class":93},[28,162600,4878],{"class":34},[28,162602,3651],{"class":3644},[28,162604,161151],{"class":114},[28,162606,94],{"class":93},[28,162608,4811],{"class":120},[28,162610,2759],{"class":93},[28,162612,4883],{"class":120},[28,162614,8118],{"class":93},[28,162616,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162618,7844],{"class":114},[28,162620,94],{"class":93},[28,162622,22081],{"class":349},[28,162624,234],{"class":46},[28,162626,9057],{"class":97},[28,162628,121],{"class":120},[28,162630,22090],{"class":97},[28,162632,22093],{"class":46},[28,162634,9057],{"class":97},[28,162636,85297],{"class":120},[28,162638,22090],{"class":97},[28,162640,234],{"class":46},[28,162642,101],{"class":93},[1109,162644,162646],{"id":162645},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[18,162648,162650],{"className":20,"code":162649,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[25,162651,162652,162684,162708,162712,162734],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162653,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162655,17028],{"class":34},[28,162657,39],{"class":38},[28,162659,3388],{"class":93},[28,162661,234],{"class":42},[28,162663,12432],{"class":46},[28,162665,234],{"class":42},[28,162667,2759],{"class":93},[28,162669,43],{"class":42},[28,162671,121],{"class":46},[28,162673,234],{"class":42},[28,162675,2759],{"class":93},[28,162677,43],{"class":42},[28,162679,15606],{"class":46},[28,162681,234],{"class":42},[28,162683,3401],{"class":93},[28,162685,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162687,3591],{"class":34},[28,162689,39],{"class":38},[28,162691,3388],{"class":93},[28,162693,46376],{"class":97},[28,162695,2759],{"class":93},[28,162697,43],{"class":42},[28,162699,12664],{"class":46},[28,162701,234],{"class":42},[28,162703,2759],{"class":93},[28,162705,3685],{"class":776},[28,162707,3401],{"class":93},[28,162709,162710],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162711,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162713,162714,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162715,8944],{"class":34},[28,162717,39],{"class":38},[28,162719,8949],{"class":89},[28,162721,94],{"class":93},[28,162723,64169],{"class":114},[28,162725,94],{"class":93},[28,162727,16709],{"class":120},[28,162729,2759],{"class":93},[28,162731,3654],{"class":120},[28,162733,318],{"class":93},[28,162735,162736,162738,162740,162742],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162737,115],{"class":114},[28,162739,94],{"class":93},[28,162741,8983],{"class":120},[28,162743,101],{"class":93},[1109,162745,162747],{"id":162746},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[18,162749,162751],{"className":20,"code":162750,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[25,162752,162753,162773,162793,162797,162822],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162754,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162756,80436],{"class":34},[28,162758,39],{"class":38},[28,162760,3388],{"class":93},[28,162762,2099],{"class":97},[28,162764,2759],{"class":93},[28,162766,7566],{"class":97},[28,162768,2759],{"class":93},[28,162770,7571],{"class":97},[28,162772,3401],{"class":93},[28,162774,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162776,80457],{"class":34},[28,162778,39],{"class":38},[28,162780,3388],{"class":93},[28,162782,2099],{"class":97},[28,162784,2759],{"class":93},[28,162786,9084],{"class":97},[28,162788,2759],{"class":93},[28,162790,7571],{"class":97},[28,162792,3401],{"class":93},[28,162794,162795],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162796,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162798,162799,162801,162803,162805,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818,162820],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162800,5734],{"class":3644},[28,162802,56667],{"class":34},[28,162804,2759],{"class":93},[28,162806,162807],{"class":34}," b ",[28,162809,3651],{"class":3644},[28,162811,161151],{"class":114},[28,162813,94],{"class":93},[28,162815,111518],{"class":120},[28,162817,2759],{"class":93},[28,162819,80500],{"class":120},[28,162821,8118],{"class":93},[28,162823,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162825,7844],{"class":114},[28,162827,94],{"class":93},[28,162829,885],{"class":120},[28,162831,4460],{"class":38},[28,162833,2329],{"class":120},[28,162835,101],{"class":93},[14,162837,336],{},[18,162839,162841],{"className":20,"code":162840,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[25,162842,162843,162847,162851],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162844,162845],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162846,3749],{"class":776},[28,162848,162849],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162850,3810],{"class":776},[28,162852,162853],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162854,3749],{"class":776},[1109,162856,162858],{"id":162857},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[18,162860,162862],{"className":20,"code":162861,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[25,162863,162864,162899,162922,162926,162953],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,162865,162866,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162886,162888,162890,162892,162895,162897],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,162867,162868],{"class":34},"products ",[28,162870,39],{"class":38},[28,162872,3388],{"class":93},[28,162874,234],{"class":42},[28,162876,24929],{"class":46},[28,162878,234],{"class":42},[28,162880,2759],{"class":93},[28,162882,43],{"class":42},[28,162884,162885],{"class":46},"Pen",[28,162887,234],{"class":42},[28,162889,2759],{"class":93},[28,162891,43],{"class":42},[28,162893,162894],{"class":46},"Bag",[28,162896,234],{"class":42},[28,162898,3401],{"class":93},[28,162900,162901,162903,162905,162907,162910,162912,162915,162917,162920],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,162902,82826],{"class":34},[28,162904,39],{"class":38},[28,162906,3388],{"class":93},[28,162908,162909],{"class":97},"12.5",[28,162911,2759],{"class":93},[28,162913,162914],{"class":97}," 1.2",[28,162916,2759],{"class":93},[28,162918,162919],{"class":97}," 25.0",[28,162921,3401],{"class":93},[28,162923,162924],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,162925,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,162927,162928,162930,162932,162934,162937,162939,162941,162943,162946,162948,162951],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,162929,5734],{"class":3644},[28,162931,24990],{"class":34},[28,162933,2759],{"class":93},[28,162935,162936],{"class":34}," price ",[28,162938,3651],{"class":3644},[28,162940,161151],{"class":114},[28,162942,94],{"class":93},[28,162944,162945],{"class":120},"products",[28,162947,2759],{"class":93},[28,162949,162950],{"class":120}," prices",[28,162952,8118],{"class":93},[28,162954,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,162956,7844],{"class":114},[28,162958,94],{"class":93},[28,162960,22081],{"class":349},[28,162962,234],{"class":46},[28,162964,9057],{"class":97},[28,162966,26798],{"class":120},[28,162968,22090],{"class":97},[28,162970,162971],{"class":46}," costs $",[28,162973,9057],{"class":97},[28,162975,24938],{"class":120},[28,162977,22090],{"class":97},[28,162979,234],{"class":46},[28,162981,101],{"class":93},[14,162983,36392,162984,385],{},[381,162985,162987],{"href":162986},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[172,162989,162991,162992],{"id":162990},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[25,162993,64099],{},[1109,162995,8230,162997,162999],{"id":162996},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[25,162998,64099],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163001,163002,163004],{},[25,163003,64099],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163006,163007],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[18,163009,163011],{"className":20,"code":163010,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[25,163012,163013],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,163014,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,163016,115],{"class":114},[28,163018,94],{"class":93},[28,163020,10941],{"class":114},[28,163022,94],{"class":93},[28,163024,111518],{"class":120},[28,163026,9012],{"class":93},[28,163028,38178],{"class":114},[28,163030,94],{"class":93},[28,163032,80723],{"class":120},[28,163034,318],{"class":93},[1109,163036,163038],{"id":163037},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163040,68615],{},[18,163042,163044],{"className":20,"code":163043,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[25,163045,163046,163082,163086,163099,163109,163113,163125],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,163047,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,163049,8994],{"class":34},[28,163051,39],{"class":38},[28,163053,161151],{"class":114},[28,163055,2753],{"class":93},[28,163057,2756],{"class":97},[28,163059,2759],{"class":93},[28,163061,2762],{"class":97},[28,163063,17849],{"class":93},[28,163065,3388],{"class":93},[28,163067,234],{"class":42},[28,163069,381],{"class":46},[28,163071,234],{"class":42},[28,163073,2759],{"class":93},[28,163075,43],{"class":42},[28,163077,4533],{"class":46},[28,163079,234],{"class":42},[28,163081,3657],{"class":93},[28,163083,163084],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,163085,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,163087,163088,163090,163092,163094,163097],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,163089,5734],{"class":3644},[28,163091,5737],{"class":34},[28,163093,3651],{"class":3644},[28,163095,163096],{"class":34}," pairs",[28,163098,6170],{"class":93},[28,163100,163101,163103,163105,163107],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,163102,7844],{"class":114},[28,163104,94],{"class":93},[28,163106,23098],{"class":120},[28,163108,101],{"class":93},[28,163110,163111],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,163112,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,163114,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123],{"class":30,"line":111},[28,163116,5734],{"class":3644},[28,163118,5737],{"class":34},[28,163120,3651],{"class":3644},[28,163122,163096],{"class":34},[28,163124,6170],{"class":93},[28,163126,163127,163129,163131,163133],{"class":30,"line":126},[28,163128,7844],{"class":114},[28,163130,94],{"class":93},[28,163132,23098],{"class":120},[28,163134,101],{"class":93},[14,163136,163137],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1109,163139,163141],{"id":163140},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163143,163144],{},"This is correct:",[18,163146,163148],{"className":20,"code":163147,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[25,163149,163150,163174,163190,163194,163218],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,163151,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,163153,4768],{"class":34},[28,163155,39],{"class":38},[28,163157,3388],{"class":93},[28,163159,234],{"class":42},[28,163161,12664],{"class":46},[28,163163,234],{"class":42},[28,163165,2759],{"class":93},[28,163167,43],{"class":42},[28,163169,35730],{"class":46},[28,163171,234],{"class":42},[28,163173,3401],{"class":93},[28,163175,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,163177,4836],{"class":34},[28,163179,39],{"class":38},[28,163181,3388],{"class":93},[28,163183,13287],{"class":97},[28,163185,2759],{"class":93},[28,163187,13292],{"class":97},[28,163189,3401],{"class":93},[28,163191,163192],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,163193,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,163195,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,163197,5734],{"class":3644},[28,163199,35781],{"class":34},[28,163201,2759],{"class":93},[28,163203,4878],{"class":34},[28,163205,3651],{"class":3644},[28,163207,161151],{"class":114},[28,163209,94],{"class":93},[28,163211,4811],{"class":120},[28,163213,2759],{"class":93},[28,163215,4883],{"class":120},[28,163217,8118],{"class":93},[28,163219,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230],{"class":30,"line":104},[28,163221,7844],{"class":114},[28,163223,94],{"class":93},[28,163225,121],{"class":120},[28,163227,2759],{"class":93},[28,163229,130439],{"class":120},[28,163231,101],{"class":93},[14,163233,163234],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[18,163236,163238],{"className":20,"code":163237,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[25,163239,163240,163260],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,163241,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,163243,5734],{"class":3644},[28,163245,5737],{"class":34},[28,163247,3651],{"class":3644},[28,163249,161151],{"class":114},[28,163251,94],{"class":93},[28,163253,4811],{"class":120},[28,163255,2759],{"class":93},[28,163257,4883],{"class":120},[28,163259,8118],{"class":93},[28,163261,163262,163264,163266,163268],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,163263,7844],{"class":114},[28,163265,94],{"class":93},[28,163267,23098],{"class":120},[28,163269,101],{"class":93},[14,163271,336],{},[18,163273,163275],{"className":20,"code":163274,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[25,163276,163277,163293],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,163278,163279,163281,163283,163285,163287,163289,163291],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,163280,94],{"class":93},[28,163282,358],{"class":42},[28,163284,12664],{"class":46},[28,163286,358],{"class":42},[28,163288,2759],{"class":93},[28,163290,19686],{"class":97},[28,163292,101],{"class":93},[28,163294,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,163296,94],{"class":93},[28,163298,358],{"class":42},[28,163300,35730],{"class":46},[28,163302,358],{"class":42},[28,163304,2759],{"class":93},[28,163306,13292],{"class":97},[28,163308,101],{"class":93},[14,163310,163311],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1109,163313,8194,163315,163317,163318],{"id":163314},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[25,163316,64099],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[25,163319,35538],{},[14,163321,1631,163322,163324],{},[25,163323,64099],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163326,1631,163327,163329],{},[25,163328,35538],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[18,163331,163332],{"className":20,"code":35707,"language":22,"meta":23,"style":23},[25,163333,163334,163366,163370,163390],{"__ignoreMap":23},[28,163335,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364],{"class":30,"line":31},[28,163337,4768],{"class":34},[28,163339,39],{"class":38},[28,163341,3388],{"class":93},[28,163343,234],{"class":42},[28,163345,12664],{"class":46},[28,163347,234],{"class":42},[28,163349,2759],{"class":93},[28,163351,43],{"class":42},[28,163353,35730],{"class":46},[28,163355,234],{"class":42},[28,163357,2759],{"class":93},[28,163359,43],{"class":42},[28,163361,35739],{"class":46},[28,163363,234],{"class":42},[28,163365,3401],{"class":93},[28,163367,163368],{"class":30,"line":53},[28,163369,108],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":107},[28,163371,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388],{"class":30,"line":70},[28,163373,5734],{"class":3644},[28,163375,35610],{"class":34},[28,163377,2759],{"class":93},[28,163379,35758],{"class":34},[28,163381,3651],{"class":3644},[28,163383,35620],{"class":114},[28,163385,94],{"class":93},[28,163387,4811],{"class":120},[28,163389,8118],{"class":93},[28,163391,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402],{"class":30,"line":81},[28,163393,7844],{"class":114},[28,163395,94],{"class":93},[28,163397,35635],{"class":120},[28,163399,2759],{"class":93},[28,163401,35781],{"class":120},[28,163403,101],{"class":93},[14,163405,163406,163407,385],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[381,163408,858,163409,861],{"href":91791},[25,163410,35538],{},[172,163412,1604],{"id":1603},[1109,163414,4915,163416,4918],{"id":163415},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[25,163417,64099],{},[14,163419,163420],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1109,163422,12487,163424,163426],{"id":163423},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[25,163425,64099],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163428,163429],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1109,163431,163433,163434,2262],{"id":163432},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[25,163435,64099],{},[14,163437,163438,163439,385],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[25,163440,162046],{},[1109,163442,163444,163445,2262],{"id":163443},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[25,163446,64099],{},[14,163448,127804,163449,163451],{},[25,163450,162199],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1109,163453,163455],{"id":163454},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163457,163458],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[172,163460,1662],{"id":1661},[177,163462,163463,163468,163474,163478,163482],{},[180,163464,163465],{},[381,163466,163467],{"href":162986},"How to use zip in Python",[180,163469,163470],{},[381,163471,858,163472,861],{"href":91791},[25,163473,35538],{},[180,163475,163476],{},[381,163477,4990],{"href":5362},[180,163479,163480],{},[381,163481,69468],{"href":69391},[180,163483,163484],{},[381,163485,32051],{"href":30876},[1699,163487,163488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":23,"searchDepth":53,"depth":53,"links":163490},[163491,163492,163494,163495,163496,163497,163505,163511,163520,163531],{"id":1770,"depth":53,"text":1771},{"id":161210,"depth":53,"text":163493},"What zip() does",{"id":1926,"depth":53,"text":1927},{"id":161603,"depth":53,"text":161604},{"id":161780,"depth":53,"text":161781},{"id":162032,"depth":53,"text":163498,"children":163499},"Converting zip() output",[163500,163502,163504],{"id":162043,"depth":70,"text":163501},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162196,"depth":70,"text":163503},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162366,"depth":70,"text":162367},{"id":40837,"depth":53,"text":40838,"children":163506},[163507,163508,163509,163510],{"id":162528,"depth":70,"text":162529},{"id":162645,"depth":70,"text":162646},{"id":162746,"depth":70,"text":162747},{"id":162857,"depth":70,"text":162858},{"id":162990,"depth":53,"text":163512,"children":163513},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163514,163516,163517,163518],{"id":162996,"depth":70,"text":163515},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163037,"depth":70,"text":163038},{"id":163140,"depth":70,"text":163141},{"id":163314,"depth":70,"text":163519},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1603,"depth":53,"text":1604,"children":163521},[163522,163524,163526,163528,163530],{"id":163415,"depth":70,"text":163523},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163423,"depth":70,"text":163525},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163432,"depth":70,"text":163527},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163443,"depth":70,"text":163529},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163454,"depth":70,"text":163455},{"id":1661,"depth":53,"text":1662},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161052,"description":163532},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944949256]