[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163896},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method":3,"nav-reference":2084},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2077,"extension":2078,"meta":2079,"navigation":221,"path":2080,"seo":2081,"stem":2082,"__hash__":2083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2038},"minimark",[9,19,26,37,42,133,136,152,163,170,175,195,198,271,273,285,293,297,330,354,357,397,399,407,411,416,421,429,432,475,477,485,488,547,549,557,561,566,612,614,622,632,636,641,691,693,701,707,711,716,728,735,821,823,850,854,858,898,900,908,912,955,957,965,969,1012,1014,1022,1026,1082,1084,1092,1099,1103,1108,1118,1185,1187,1200,1209,1254,1256,1264,1268,1271,1327,1329,1337,1340,1343,1421,1423,1431,1442,1446,1451,1455,1458,1481,1484,1531,1535,1574,1576,1584,1587,1629,1639,1644,1708,1710,1722,1729,1734,1783,1785,1805,1812,1815,1839,1842,1937,1941,1948,1955,1962,1968,1975,1984,1994,2002,2006,2034],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-endswith-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"endswith()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,27,28,29,32,33,36],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,30,31],{},"True"," or ",[15,34,35],{},"False"," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"quick-example","Quick example",[43,44,49],"pre",{"className":45,"code":46,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n","python","",[15,50,51,75,109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53,56,60,64,68,72],"span",{"class":54,"line":55},"line",1,[52,57,59],{"class":58},"su5hD","filename ",[52,61,63],{"class":62},"smGrS","=",[52,65,67],{"class":66},"sjJ54"," \"",[52,69,71],{"class":70},"s_sjI","report.csv",[52,73,74],{"class":66},"\"\n",[52,76,78,82,86,90,93,96,98,101,104,106],{"class":54,"line":77},2,[52,79,81],{"class":80},"sptTA","print",[52,83,85],{"class":84},"sP7_E","(",[52,87,89],{"class":88},"slqww","filename",[52,91,92],{"class":84},".",[52,94,95],{"class":88},"endswith",[52,97,85],{"class":84},[52,99,100],{"class":66},"\"",[52,102,103],{"class":70},".csv",[52,105,100],{"class":66},[52,107,108],{"class":84},"))\n",[52,110,112,114,116,118,120,122,124,126,129,131],{"class":54,"line":111},3,[52,113,81],{"class":80},[52,115,85],{"class":84},[52,117,89],{"class":88},[52,119,92],{"class":84},[52,121,95],{"class":88},[52,123,85],{"class":84},[52,125,100],{"class":66},[52,127,128],{"class":70},".txt",[52,130,100],{"class":66},[52,132,108],{"class":84},[20,134,135],{},"Output:",[43,137,139],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\n",[15,140,141,147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142,143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144,146],{"class":145},"s39Yj","True\n",[52,148,149],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150,151],{"class":145},"False\n",[20,153,154,155,157,158,32,160,162],{},"Use ",[15,156,17],{}," when you want ",[15,159,31],{},[15,161,35],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[38,164,166,167,169],{"id":165},"what-endswith-does","What ",[15,168,17],{}," does",[20,171,172,174],{},[15,173,17],{},":",[176,177,178,182,189,192],"ul",{},[179,180,181],"li",{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[179,183,184,185,32,187],{},"Returns ",[15,186,31],{},[15,188,35],{},[179,190,191],{},"Does not change the original string",[179,193,194],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,196,197],{},"Example:",[43,199,201],{"className":45,"code":200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,202,203,217,223,247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,204,205,208,210,212,215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,206,207],{"class":58},"text ",[52,209,63],{"class":62},[52,211,67],{"class":66},[52,213,214],{"class":70},"hello world",[52,216,74],{"class":66},[52,218,219],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,220,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},true,"\n",[52,224,225,227,229,232,234,236,238,240,243,245],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,226,81],{"class":80},[52,228,85],{"class":84},[52,230,231],{"class":88},"text",[52,233,92],{"class":84},[52,235,95],{"class":88},[52,237,85],{"class":84},[52,239,100],{"class":66},[52,241,242],{"class":70},"world",[52,244,100],{"class":66},[52,246,108],{"class":84},[52,248,250,252,254,256,258,260,262,264,267,269],{"class":54,"line":249},4,[52,251,81],{"class":80},[52,253,85],{"class":84},[52,255,231],{"class":88},[52,257,92],{"class":84},[52,259,95],{"class":88},[52,261,85],{"class":84},[52,263,100],{"class":66},[52,265,266],{"class":70},"hello",[52,268,100],{"class":66},[52,270,108],{"class":84},[20,272,135],{},[43,274,275],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,276,277,281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,278,279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,280,146],{"class":145},[52,282,283],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,284,151],{"class":145},[20,286,287,288,92],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[289,290,292],"a",{"href":291},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[38,294,296],{"id":295},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[43,298,300],{"className":45,"code":299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,301,302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,303,304,307,309,311,313,316,319,322,324,327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,305,306],{"class":58},"string",[52,308,92],{"class":84},[52,310,95],{"class":88},[52,312,85],{"class":84},[52,314,315],{"class":88},"suffix",[52,317,318],{"class":84},",",[52,320,321],{"class":88}," start",[52,323,318],{"class":84},[52,325,326],{"class":88}," end",[52,328,329],{"class":84},")\n",[176,331,332,337,347],{},[179,333,334,336],{},[15,335,315],{}," is required",[179,338,339,342,343,346],{},[15,340,341],{},"start"," and ",[15,344,345],{},"end"," are optional",[179,348,349,342,351,353],{},[15,350,341],{},[15,352,345],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,355,356],{},"Basic example:",[43,358,360],{"className":45,"code":359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,361,362,375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,363,364,366,368,370,373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,365,59],{"class":58},[52,367,63],{"class":62},[52,369,67],{"class":66},[52,371,372],{"class":70},"notes.txt",[52,374,74],{"class":66},[52,376,377,379,381,383,385,387,389,391,393,395],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,378,81],{"class":80},[52,380,85],{"class":84},[52,382,89],{"class":88},[52,384,92],{"class":84},[52,386,95],{"class":88},[52,388,85],{"class":84},[52,390,100],{"class":66},[52,392,128],{"class":70},[52,394,100],{"class":66},[52,396,108],{"class":84},[20,398,135],{},[43,400,401],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,402,403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,404,405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,406,146],{"class":145},[38,408,410],{"id":409},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[412,413,414],"h3",{"id":315},[15,415,315],{},[20,417,418,420],{},[15,419,315],{}," can be:",[176,422,423,426],{},[179,424,425],{},"A single string",[179,427,428],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,430,431],{},"Single suffix:",[43,433,435],{"className":45,"code":434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,436,437,451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,438,439,442,444,446,449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,440,441],{"class":58},"name ",[52,443,63],{"class":62},[52,445,67],{"class":66},[52,447,448],{"class":70},"image.png",[52,450,74],{"class":66},[52,452,453,455,457,460,462,464,466,468,471,473],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,454,81],{"class":80},[52,456,85],{"class":84},[52,458,459],{"class":88},"name",[52,461,92],{"class":84},[52,463,95],{"class":88},[52,465,85],{"class":84},[52,467,100],{"class":66},[52,469,470],{"class":70},".png",[52,472,100],{"class":66},[52,474,108],{"class":84},[20,476,135],{},[43,478,479],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,480,481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,482,483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,484,146],{"class":145},[20,486,487],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[43,489,491],{"className":45,"code":490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,492,493,505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,494,495,497,499,501,503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,496,441],{"class":58},[52,498,63],{"class":62},[52,500,67],{"class":66},[52,502,448],{"class":70},[52,504,74],{"class":66},[52,506,507,509,511,513,515,517,520,522,525,527,529,531,533,535,537,539,542,544],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,508,81],{"class":80},[52,510,85],{"class":84},[52,512,459],{"class":88},[52,514,92],{"class":84},[52,516,95],{"class":88},[52,518,519],{"class":84},"((",[52,521,100],{"class":66},[52,523,524],{"class":70},".jpg",[52,526,100],{"class":66},[52,528,318],{"class":84},[52,530,67],{"class":66},[52,532,470],{"class":70},[52,534,100],{"class":66},[52,536,318],{"class":84},[52,538,67],{"class":66},[52,540,541],{"class":70},".gif",[52,543,100],{"class":66},[52,545,546],{"class":84},")))\n",[20,548,135],{},[43,550,551],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,552,553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,554,555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,556,146],{"class":145},[412,558,559],{"id":341},[15,560,341],{},[20,562,563,565],{},[15,564,341],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[43,567,569],{"className":45,"code":568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,570,571,584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,572,573,575,577,579,582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,574,207],{"class":58},[52,576,63],{"class":62},[52,578,67],{"class":66},[52,580,581],{"class":70},"my_report.csv",[52,583,74],{"class":66},[52,585,586,588,590,592,594,596,598,600,602,604,606,610],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,587,81],{"class":80},[52,589,85],{"class":84},[52,591,231],{"class":88},[52,593,92],{"class":84},[52,595,95],{"class":88},[52,597,85],{"class":84},[52,599,100],{"class":66},[52,601,103],{"class":70},[52,603,100],{"class":66},[52,605,318],{"class":84},[52,607,609],{"class":608},"srdBf"," 3",[52,611,108],{"class":84},[20,613,135],{},[43,615,616],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,617,618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,619,620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,621,146],{"class":145},[20,623,624,625,628,629,92],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,626,627],{},"3"," onward, which is ",[15,630,631],{},"\"report.csv\"",[412,633,634],{"id":345},[15,635,345],{},[20,637,638,640],{},[15,639,345],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[43,642,644],{"className":45,"code":643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,645,646,659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,647,648,650,652,654,657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,649,207],{"class":58},[52,651,63],{"class":62},[52,653,67],{"class":66},[52,655,656],{"class":70},"report.csv backup",[52,658,74],{"class":66},[52,660,661,663,665,667,669,671,673,675,677,679,681,684,686,689],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,662,81],{"class":80},[52,664,85],{"class":84},[52,666,231],{"class":88},[52,668,92],{"class":84},[52,670,95],{"class":88},[52,672,85],{"class":84},[52,674,100],{"class":66},[52,676,103],{"class":70},[52,678,100],{"class":66},[52,680,318],{"class":84},[52,682,683],{"class":608}," 0",[52,685,318],{"class":84},[52,687,688],{"class":608}," 10",[52,690,108],{"class":84},[20,692,135],{},[43,694,695],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,696,697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,698,699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,700,146],{"class":145},[20,702,703,704,706],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,705,631],{}," and ignores the rest.",[38,708,710],{"id":709},"return-value","Return value",[20,712,713,715],{},[15,714,17],{}," returns:",[176,717,718,723],{},[179,719,720,722],{},[15,721,31],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[179,724,725,727],{},[15,726,35],{}," if it does not",[20,729,730,731,734],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,732,733],{},"if"," statements.",[43,736,738],{"className":45,"code":737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,739,740,753,757,780,796,805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,741,742,744,746,748,751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,743,59],{"class":58},[52,745,63],{"class":62},[52,747,67],{"class":66},[52,749,750],{"class":70},"data.csv",[52,752,74],{"class":66},[52,754,755],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,756,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,758,759,762,765,767,769,771,773,775,777],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,760,733],{"class":761},"sVHd0",[52,763,764],{"class":58}," filename",[52,766,92],{"class":84},[52,768,95],{"class":88},[52,770,85],{"class":84},[52,772,100],{"class":66},[52,774,103],{"class":70},[52,776,100],{"class":66},[52,778,779],{"class":84},"):\n",[52,781,782,785,787,789,792,794],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,783,784],{"class":80},"    print",[52,786,85],{"class":84},[52,788,100],{"class":66},[52,790,791],{"class":70},"This is a CSV file.",[52,793,100],{"class":66},[52,795,329],{"class":84},[52,797,799,802],{"class":54,"line":798},5,[52,800,801],{"class":761},"else",[52,803,804],{"class":84},":\n",[52,806,808,810,812,814,817,819],{"class":54,"line":807},6,[52,809,784],{"class":80},[52,811,85],{"class":84},[52,813,100],{"class":66},[52,815,816],{"class":70},"This is not a CSV file.",[52,818,100],{"class":66},[52,820,329],{"class":84},[20,822,135],{},[43,824,826],{"className":45,"code":825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,827,828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,829,830,833,836,839,843,847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,831,832],{"class":58},"This ",[52,834,835],{"class":62},"is",[52,837,838],{"class":58}," a ",[52,840,842],{"class":841},"s_hVV","CSV",[52,844,846],{"class":845},"sMMDD"," file",[52,848,849],{"class":84},".\n",[38,851,853],{"id":852},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[412,855,857],{"id":856},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[43,859,861],{"className":45,"code":860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,862,863,876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,864,865,867,869,871,874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,866,59],{"class":58},[52,868,63],{"class":62},[52,870,67],{"class":66},[52,872,873],{"class":70},"sales.csv",[52,875,74],{"class":66},[52,877,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,879,81],{"class":80},[52,881,85],{"class":84},[52,883,89],{"class":88},[52,885,92],{"class":84},[52,887,95],{"class":88},[52,889,85],{"class":84},[52,891,100],{"class":66},[52,893,103],{"class":70},[52,895,100],{"class":66},[52,897,108],{"class":84},[20,899,135],{},[43,901,902],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,903,904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,905,906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,907,146],{"class":145},[412,909,911],{"id":910},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[43,913,915],{"className":45,"code":914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,916,917,931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,918,919,922,924,926,929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,920,921],{"class":58},"url ",[52,923,63],{"class":62},[52,925,67],{"class":66},[52,927,928],{"class":70},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[52,930,74],{"class":66},[52,932,933,935,937,940,942,944,946,948,951,953],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,934,81],{"class":80},[52,936,85],{"class":84},[52,938,939],{"class":88},"url",[52,941,92],{"class":84},[52,943,95],{"class":88},[52,945,85],{"class":84},[52,947,100],{"class":66},[52,949,950],{"class":70},"\u002F",[52,952,100],{"class":66},[52,954,108],{"class":84},[20,956,135],{},[43,958,959],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,960,961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,962,963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,964,146],{"class":145},[412,966,968],{"id":967},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[43,970,972],{"className":45,"code":971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,973,974,988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,975,976,979,981,983,986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,977,978],{"class":58},"message ",[52,980,63],{"class":62},[52,982,67],{"class":66},[52,984,985],{"class":70},"Hello!",[52,987,74],{"class":66},[52,989,990,992,994,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1008,1010],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,991,81],{"class":80},[52,993,85],{"class":84},[52,995,996],{"class":88},"message",[52,998,92],{"class":84},[52,1000,95],{"class":88},[52,1002,85],{"class":84},[52,1004,100],{"class":66},[52,1006,1007],{"class":70},"!",[52,1009,100],{"class":66},[52,1011,108],{"class":84},[20,1013,135],{},[43,1015,1016],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1017,1018],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1019,1020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1021,146],{"class":145},[412,1023,1025],{"id":1024},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[43,1027,1029],{"className":45,"code":1028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,1030,1031,1044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1032,1033,1035,1037,1039,1042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1034,59],{"class":58},[52,1036,63],{"class":62},[52,1038,67],{"class":66},[52,1040,1041],{"class":70},"photo.jpg",[52,1043,74],{"class":66},[52,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1047,81],{"class":80},[52,1049,85],{"class":84},[52,1051,89],{"class":88},[52,1053,92],{"class":84},[52,1055,95],{"class":88},[52,1057,519],{"class":84},[52,1059,100],{"class":66},[52,1061,524],{"class":70},[52,1063,100],{"class":66},[52,1065,318],{"class":84},[52,1067,67],{"class":66},[52,1069,470],{"class":70},[52,1071,100],{"class":66},[52,1073,318],{"class":84},[52,1075,67],{"class":66},[52,1077,541],{"class":70},[52,1079,100],{"class":66},[52,1081,546],{"class":84},[20,1083,135],{},[43,1085,1086],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1087,1088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1089,1090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1091,146],{"class":145},[20,1093,1094,1095,92],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[289,1096,1098],{"href":1097},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F","how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[38,1100,1102],{"id":1101},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,1104,1105,1107],{},[15,1106,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[20,1109,1110,1111,342,1114,1117],{},"That means ",[15,1112,1113],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,1115,1116],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[43,1119,1121],{"className":45,"code":1120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,1122,1123,1136,1140,1162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1124,1125,1127,1129,1131,1134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1126,59],{"class":58},[52,1128,63],{"class":62},[52,1130,67],{"class":66},[52,1132,1133],{"class":70},"REPORT.CSV",[52,1135,74],{"class":66},[52,1137,1138],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1139,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,1141,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,1143,81],{"class":80},[52,1145,85],{"class":84},[52,1147,89],{"class":88},[52,1149,92],{"class":84},[52,1151,95],{"class":88},[52,1153,85],{"class":84},[52,1155,100],{"class":66},[52,1157,103],{"class":70},[52,1159,100],{"class":66},[52,1161,108],{"class":84},[52,1163,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1181,1183],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,1165,81],{"class":80},[52,1167,85],{"class":84},[52,1169,89],{"class":88},[52,1171,92],{"class":84},[52,1173,95],{"class":88},[52,1175,85],{"class":84},[52,1177,100],{"class":66},[52,1179,1180],{"class":70},".CSV",[52,1182,100],{"class":66},[52,1184,108],{"class":84},[20,1186,135],{},[43,1188,1190],{"className":45,"code":1189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\n",[15,1191,1192,1196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1193,1194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1195,151],{"class":145},[52,1197,1198],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1199,146],{"class":145},[20,1201,1202,1203,92],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[289,1204,1206],{"href":1205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,1207,1208],{},"lower()",[43,1210,1212],{"className":45,"code":1211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,1213,1214,1226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1215,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1217,59],{"class":58},[52,1219,63],{"class":62},[52,1221,67],{"class":66},[52,1223,1133],{"class":70},[52,1225,74],{"class":66},[52,1227,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1239,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1229,81],{"class":80},[52,1231,85],{"class":84},[52,1233,89],{"class":88},[52,1235,92],{"class":84},[52,1237,1238],{"class":88},"lower",[52,1240,1241],{"class":84},"().",[52,1243,95],{"class":88},[52,1245,85],{"class":84},[52,1247,100],{"class":66},[52,1249,103],{"class":70},[52,1251,100],{"class":66},[52,1253,108],{"class":84},[20,1255,135],{},[43,1257,1258],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1259,1260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1261,1262],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1263,146],{"class":145},[38,1265,1267],{"id":1266},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,1269,1270],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[43,1272,1274],{"className":45,"code":1273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,1275,1276,1289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1277,1278,1280,1282,1284,1287],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1279,59],{"class":58},[52,1281,63],{"class":62},[52,1283,67],{"class":66},[52,1285,1286],{"class":70},"picture.gif",[52,1288,74],{"class":66},[52,1290,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1292,81],{"class":80},[52,1294,85],{"class":84},[52,1296,89],{"class":88},[52,1298,92],{"class":84},[52,1300,95],{"class":88},[52,1302,519],{"class":84},[52,1304,100],{"class":66},[52,1306,524],{"class":70},[52,1308,100],{"class":66},[52,1310,318],{"class":84},[52,1312,67],{"class":66},[52,1314,470],{"class":70},[52,1316,100],{"class":66},[52,1318,318],{"class":84},[52,1320,67],{"class":66},[52,1322,541],{"class":70},[52,1324,100],{"class":66},[52,1326,546],{"class":84},[20,1328,135],{},[43,1330,1331],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1332,1333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1334,1335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1336,146],{"class":145},[20,1338,1339],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,1341,1342],{},"Another example:",[43,1344,1346],{"className":45,"code":1345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,1347,1348,1361,1397,1401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1349,1350,1353,1355,1357,1359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1351,1352],{"class":58},"document ",[52,1354,63],{"class":62},[52,1356,67],{"class":66},[52,1358,372],{"class":70},[52,1360,74],{"class":66},[52,1362,1363,1366,1368,1371,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1384,1386,1388,1390,1393,1395],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1364,1365],{"class":58},"allowed ",[52,1367,63],{"class":62},[52,1369,1370],{"class":84}," (",[52,1372,100],{"class":66},[52,1374,128],{"class":70},[52,1376,100],{"class":66},[52,1378,318],{"class":84},[52,1380,67],{"class":66},[52,1382,1383],{"class":70},".md",[52,1385,100],{"class":66},[52,1387,318],{"class":84},[52,1389,67],{"class":66},[52,1391,1392],{"class":70},".docx",[52,1394,100],{"class":66},[52,1396,329],{"class":84},[52,1398,1399],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,1400,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,1402,1403,1405,1407,1410,1412,1414,1416,1419],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,1404,81],{"class":80},[52,1406,85],{"class":84},[52,1408,1409],{"class":88},"document",[52,1411,92],{"class":84},[52,1413,95],{"class":88},[52,1415,85],{"class":84},[52,1417,1418],{"class":88},"allowed",[52,1420,108],{"class":84},[20,1422,135],{},[43,1424,1425],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1426,1427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1428,1429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1430,146],{"class":145},[20,1432,1433,1434,92],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[289,1435,1437,1438,1441],{"href":1436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,1439,1440],{},"startswith()"," method",[38,1443,1445],{"id":1444},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1447,1448,1449,92],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,1450,17],{},[412,1452,1454],{"id":1453},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,1456,1457],{},"This is wrong:",[43,1459,1461],{"className":45,"code":1460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,1462,1463,1475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1464,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1466,59],{"class":58},[52,1468,63],{"class":62},[52,1470,67],{"class":66},[52,1472,1041],{"class":70},[52,1474,74],{"class":66},[52,1476,1477],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1478,1480],{"class":1479},"sutJx","# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,1482,1483],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[43,1485,1487],{"className":45,"code":1486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,1488,1489,1501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1490,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1492,59],{"class":58},[52,1494,63],{"class":62},[52,1496,67],{"class":66},[52,1498,1041],{"class":70},[52,1500,74],{"class":66},[52,1502,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1504,81],{"class":80},[52,1506,85],{"class":84},[52,1508,89],{"class":88},[52,1510,92],{"class":84},[52,1512,95],{"class":88},[52,1514,519],{"class":84},[52,1516,100],{"class":66},[52,1518,524],{"class":70},[52,1520,100],{"class":66},[52,1522,318],{"class":84},[52,1524,67],{"class":66},[52,1526,470],{"class":70},[52,1528,100],{"class":66},[52,1530,546],{"class":84},[412,1532,1534],{"id":1533},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[43,1536,1538],{"className":45,"code":1537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,1539,1540,1552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1541,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1543,59],{"class":58},[52,1545,63],{"class":62},[52,1547,67],{"class":66},[52,1549,1133],{"class":70},[52,1551,74],{"class":66},[52,1553,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1555,81],{"class":80},[52,1557,85],{"class":84},[52,1559,89],{"class":88},[52,1561,92],{"class":84},[52,1563,95],{"class":88},[52,1565,85],{"class":84},[52,1567,100],{"class":66},[52,1569,103],{"class":70},[52,1571,100],{"class":66},[52,1573,108],{"class":84},[20,1575,135],{},[43,1577,1578],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1579,1580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1581,1582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1583,151],{"class":145},[20,1585,1586],{},"Fix:",[43,1588,1589],{"className":45,"code":1211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1590,1591,1603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1592,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1594,59],{"class":58},[52,1596,63],{"class":62},[52,1598,67],{"class":66},[52,1600,1133],{"class":70},[52,1602,74],{"class":66},[52,1604,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1606,81],{"class":80},[52,1608,85],{"class":84},[52,1610,89],{"class":88},[52,1612,92],{"class":84},[52,1614,1238],{"class":88},[52,1616,1241],{"class":84},[52,1618,95],{"class":88},[52,1620,85],{"class":84},[52,1622,100],{"class":66},[52,1624,103],{"class":70},[52,1626,100],{"class":66},[52,1628,108],{"class":84},[412,1630,1632,1633,1635,1636],{"id":1631},"confusing-endswith-with-in","Confusing ",[15,1634,17],{}," with ",[15,1637,1638],{},"in",[20,1640,1641,1643],{},[15,1642,17],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[43,1645,1647],{"className":45,"code":1646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,1648,1649,1662,1666,1688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1650,1651,1653,1655,1657,1660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1652,207],{"class":58},[52,1654,63],{"class":62},[52,1656,67],{"class":66},[52,1658,1659],{"class":70},"my_report.csv.backup",[52,1661,74],{"class":66},[52,1663,1664],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1665,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,1667,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,1669,81],{"class":80},[52,1671,85],{"class":84},[52,1673,231],{"class":88},[52,1675,92],{"class":84},[52,1677,95],{"class":88},[52,1679,85],{"class":84},[52,1681,100],{"class":66},[52,1683,103],{"class":70},[52,1685,100],{"class":66},[52,1687,108],{"class":84},[52,1689,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1703,1706],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,1691,81],{"class":80},[52,1693,85],{"class":84},[52,1695,100],{"class":66},[52,1697,103],{"class":70},[52,1699,100],{"class":66},[52,1701,1702],{"class":761}," in",[52,1704,1705],{"class":88}," text",[52,1707,329],{"class":84},[20,1709,135],{},[43,1711,1712],{"className":45,"code":1189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1713,1714,1718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1715,1716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1717,151],{"class":145},[52,1719,1720],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1721,146],{"class":145},[412,1723,1725,1726,1728],{"id":1724},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix","Expecting ",[15,1727,17],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,1730,1731,1733],{},[15,1732,17],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[43,1735,1737],{"className":45,"code":1736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,1738,1739,1751,1773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1740,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1742,59],{"class":58},[52,1744,63],{"class":62},[52,1746,67],{"class":66},[52,1748,71],{"class":70},[52,1750,74],{"class":66},[52,1752,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1754,81],{"class":80},[52,1756,85],{"class":84},[52,1758,89],{"class":88},[52,1760,92],{"class":84},[52,1762,95],{"class":88},[52,1764,85],{"class":84},[52,1766,100],{"class":66},[52,1768,103],{"class":70},[52,1770,100],{"class":66},[52,1772,108],{"class":84},[52,1774,1775,1777,1779,1781],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,1776,81],{"class":80},[52,1778,85],{"class":84},[52,1780,89],{"class":88},[52,1782,329],{"class":84},[20,1784,135],{},[43,1786,1788],{"className":45,"code":1787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,1789,1790,1794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1791,1792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1793,146],{"class":145},[52,1795,1796,1799,1801],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1797,1798],{"class":58},"report",[52,1800,92],{"class":84},[52,1802,1804],{"class":1803},"skxfh","csv\n",[20,1806,1807,1808,92],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[289,1809,1811],{"href":1810},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,1813,1814],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[176,1816,1817,1820,1823,1826],{},[179,1818,1819],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[179,1821,1822],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[179,1824,1825],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[179,1827,1828,1829,1831,1832,32,1835,1838],{},"Using ",[15,1830,17],{}," when ",[15,1833,1834],{},"replace()",[15,1836,1837],{},"strip()"," is actually needed",[20,1840,1841],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[43,1843,1845],{"className":45,"code":1844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,1846,1847,1857,1872,1895,1921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1848,1849,1851,1853,1855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1850,81],{"class":80},[52,1852,85],{"class":84},[52,1854,231],{"class":88},[52,1856,329],{"class":84},[52,1858,1859,1861,1863,1866,1868,1870],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,1860,81],{"class":80},[52,1862,85],{"class":84},[52,1864,1865],{"class":80},"repr",[52,1867,85],{"class":84},[52,1869,231],{"class":88},[52,1871,108],{"class":84},[52,1873,1874,1876,1878,1880,1882,1884,1886,1889,1891,1893],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,1875,81],{"class":80},[52,1877,85],{"class":84},[52,1879,231],{"class":88},[52,1881,92],{"class":84},[52,1883,95],{"class":88},[52,1885,85],{"class":84},[52,1887,1888],{"class":66},"'",[52,1890,103],{"class":70},[52,1892,1888],{"class":66},[52,1894,108],{"class":84},[52,1896,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,1898,81],{"class":80},[52,1900,85],{"class":84},[52,1902,231],{"class":88},[52,1904,92],{"class":84},[52,1906,1238],{"class":88},[52,1908,1241],{"class":84},[52,1910,95],{"class":88},[52,1912,85],{"class":84},[52,1914,1888],{"class":66},[52,1916,103],{"class":70},[52,1918,1888],{"class":66},[52,1920,108],{"class":84},[52,1922,1923,1925,1927,1931,1933,1935],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,1924,81],{"class":80},[52,1926,85],{"class":84},[52,1928,1930],{"class":1929},"sZMiF","type",[52,1932,85],{"class":84},[52,1934,231],{"class":88},[52,1936,108],{"class":84},[38,1938,1940],{"id":1939},"faq","FAQ",[412,1942,1944,1945,1947],{"id":1943},"does-endswith-change-the-string","Does ",[15,1946,17],{}," change the string?",[20,1949,1950,1951,32,1953,92],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,1952,31],{},[15,1954,35],{},[412,1956,1958,1959,1961],{"id":1957},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending","Can ",[15,1960,17],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,1963,1964,1965,92],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,1966,1967],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[412,1969,1971,1972,1974],{"id":1970},"is-endswith-case-sensitive","Is ",[15,1973,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,1976,1977,1978,32,1980,1983],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,1979,1208],{},[15,1981,1982],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[412,1985,1987,1988,342,1990,1993],{"id":1986},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find","What is the difference between ",[15,1989,17],{},[15,1991,1992],{},"find()","?",[20,1995,1996,1998,1999,2001],{},[15,1997,17],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,2000,1992],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[38,2003,2005],{"id":2004},"see-also","See also",[176,2007,2008,2014,2020,2025,2030],{},[179,2009,2010],{},[289,2011,1437,2012,1441],{"href":1436},[15,2013,1440],{},[179,2015,2016],{},[289,2017,1437,2018,1441],{"href":1205},[15,2019,1208],{},[179,2021,2022],{},[289,2023,2024],{"href":1097},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[179,2026,2027],{},[289,2028,2029],{"href":1810},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[179,2031,2032],{},[289,2033,292],{"href":291},[2035,2036,2037],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":2039},[2040,2041,2043,2044,2049,2050,2056,2057,2058,2066,2076],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":165,"depth":77,"text":2042},"What endswith() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":409,"depth":77,"text":410,"children":2045},[2046,2047,2048],{"id":315,"depth":111,"text":315},{"id":341,"depth":111,"text":341},{"id":345,"depth":111,"text":345},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":852,"depth":77,"text":853,"children":2051},[2052,2053,2054,2055],{"id":856,"depth":111,"text":857},{"id":910,"depth":111,"text":911},{"id":967,"depth":111,"text":968},{"id":1024,"depth":111,"text":1025},{"id":1101,"depth":77,"text":1102},{"id":1266,"depth":77,"text":1267},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":2059},[2060,2061,2062,2064],{"id":1453,"depth":111,"text":1454},{"id":1533,"depth":111,"text":1534},{"id":1631,"depth":111,"text":2063},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":1724,"depth":111,"text":2065},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":2067},[2068,2070,2072,2074],{"id":1943,"depth":111,"text":2069},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":1957,"depth":111,"text":2071},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":1970,"depth":111,"text":2073},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":1986,"depth":111,"text":2075},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":5,"description":2077},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",[2085,3688,5400,7097,9230,11433,12950,15127,17334,19792,21630,24196,26293,28574,30521,32431,34428,35865,37691,40215,42375,43603,44971,46619,48940,50783,52763,54456,55709,57403,59154,61124,62873,64973,66331,68282,69845,71836,73631,75531,77973,80051,82691,84720,86683,88868,90869,93182,94864,96309,97503,98681,100521,102961,104665,106680,108204,109449,110612,111993,114064,115961,117735,119601,121720,123459,124907,126499,128260,129937,131872,133361,136145,137722,139281,141309,143261,144724,145913,147799,149210,150906,152460,153882,155285,157183,159577,161408],{"id":2086,"title":2087,"body":2088,"description":3682,"extension":2078,"meta":3683,"navigation":221,"path":3684,"seo":3685,"stem":3686,"__hash__":3687},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2089,"toc":3654},[2090,2093,2100,2103,2114,2117,2119,2184,2186,2206,2211,2215,2220,2223,2239,2242,2268,2271,2273,2276,2292,2295,2322,2324,2384,2386,2401,2411,2422,2426,2429,2483,2485,2505,2508,2532,2539,2543,2548,2554,2556,2594,2596,2605,2611,2629,2632,2644,2648,2653,2657,2660,2681,2683,2741,2743,2751,2754,2758,2790,2792,2800,2803,2807,2812,2860,2862,2870,2874,2934,2936,2944,2947,2949,2953,2956,2979,2988,3003,3053,3055,3070,3081,3085,3088,3119,3126,3130,3135,3176,3178,3189,3192,3235,3237,3245,3249,3254,3276,3278,3287,3296,3300,3305,3327,3329,3399,3401,3452,3455,3458,3461,3540,3542,3573,3575,3579,3582,3586,3589,3593,3596,3600,3612,3616,3619,3621,3651],[10,2091,2087],{"id":2092},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2094,2095,2096,2099],{},"The ",[15,2097,2098],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2101,2102],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[176,2104,2105,2108,2111],{},[179,2106,2107],{},"a number without its negative sign",[179,2109,2110],{},"the distance between two numbers",[179,2112,2113],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2115,2116],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[38,2118,41],{"id":40},[43,2120,2122],{"className":45,"code":2121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2123,2124,2143,2158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2125,2126,2128,2130,2133,2135,2138,2141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2127,81],{"class":80},[52,2129,85],{"class":84},[52,2131,2132],{"class":80},"abs",[52,2134,85],{"class":84},[52,2136,2137],{"class":62},"-",[52,2139,2140],{"class":608},"7",[52,2142,108],{"class":84},[52,2144,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2156],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2146,81],{"class":80},[52,2148,85],{"class":84},[52,2150,2132],{"class":80},[52,2152,85],{"class":84},[52,2154,2155],{"class":608},"3.5",[52,2157,108],{"class":84},[52,2159,2160,2162,2164,2166,2168,2170,2173,2176,2178,2182],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2161,81],{"class":80},[52,2163,85],{"class":84},[52,2165,2132],{"class":80},[52,2167,85],{"class":84},[52,2169,2137],{"class":62},[52,2171,2172],{"class":608},"2",[52,2174,2175],{"class":62},"+",[52,2177,627],{"class":608},[52,2179,2181],{"class":2180},"sbsja","j",[52,2183,108],{"class":84},[20,2185,135],{},[43,2187,2189],{"className":45,"code":2188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2190,2191,2196,2201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2192,2193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2194,2195],{"class":608},"7\n",[52,2197,2198],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2199,2200],{"class":608},"3.5\n",[52,2202,2203],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2204,2205],{"class":608},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2207,154,2208,2210],{},[15,2209,2098],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[38,2212,2214],{"id":2213},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2216,2217,2219],{},[15,2218,2098],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2221,2222],{},"That means:",[176,2224,2225,2228,2231],{},[179,2226,2227],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[179,2229,2230],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[179,2232,2233,2236,2237],{},[15,2234,2235],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2238,2235],{},[20,2240,2241],{},"Examples:",[176,2243,2244,2253,2261],{},[179,2245,2246,2249,2250],{},[15,2247,2248],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2251,2252],{},"5",[179,2254,2255,2249,2258],{},[15,2256,2257],{},"abs(9)",[15,2259,2260],{},"9",[179,2262,2263,2249,2266],{},[15,2264,2265],{},"abs(0)",[15,2267,2235],{},[20,2269,2270],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[38,2272,296],{"id":295},[20,2274,2275],{},"The syntax is:",[43,2277,2279],{"className":45,"code":2278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(x)\n",[15,2280,2281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2282,2283,2285,2287,2290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2284,2132],{"class":80},[52,2286,85],{"class":84},[52,2288,2289],{"class":88},"x",[52,2291,329],{"class":84},[20,2293,2294],{},"Here:",[176,2296,2297,2314,2319],{},[179,2298,2299,2301,2302,2305,2306,2309,2310,2313],{},[15,2300,2289],{}," is usually an ",[15,2303,2304],{},"int",", ",[15,2307,2308],{},"float",", or ",[15,2311,2312],{},"complex"," number",[179,2315,2316,2318],{},[15,2317,2098],{}," returns a new value",[179,2320,2321],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2323,197],{},[43,2325,2327],{"className":45,"code":2326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2328,2329,2342,2359,2363,2373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2330,2331,2334,2336,2339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2332,2333],{"class":58},"number ",[52,2335,63],{"class":62},[52,2337,2338],{"class":62}," -",[52,2340,2341],{"class":608},"12\n",[52,2343,2344,2347,2349,2352,2354,2357],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2345,2346],{"class":58},"result ",[52,2348,63],{"class":62},[52,2350,2351],{"class":80}," abs",[52,2353,85],{"class":84},[52,2355,2356],{"class":88},"number",[52,2358,329],{"class":84},[52,2360,2361],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2362,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,2364,2365,2367,2369,2371],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,2366,81],{"class":80},[52,2368,85],{"class":84},[52,2370,2356],{"class":88},[52,2372,329],{"class":84},[52,2374,2375,2377,2379,2382],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,2376,81],{"class":80},[52,2378,85],{"class":84},[52,2380,2381],{"class":88},"result",[52,2383,329],{"class":84},[20,2385,135],{},[43,2387,2389],{"className":45,"code":2388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-12\n12\n",[15,2390,2391,2397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2392,2393,2395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2394,2137],{"class":62},[52,2396,2341],{"class":608},[52,2398,2399],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2400,2341],{"class":608},[20,2402,2403,2404,2406,2407,2410],{},"Notice that ",[15,2405,2356],{}," is still ",[15,2408,2409],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2412,2413,2414,2421],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[289,2415,2417,2420],{"href":2416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2418,2419],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[38,2423,2425],{"id":2424},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2427,2428],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[43,2430,2432],{"className":45,"code":2431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2433,2434,2451,2466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2435,2436,2438,2440,2442,2444,2446,2449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2437,81],{"class":80},[52,2439,85],{"class":84},[52,2441,2132],{"class":80},[52,2443,85],{"class":84},[52,2445,2137],{"class":62},[52,2447,2448],{"class":608},"10",[52,2450,108],{"class":84},[52,2452,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461,2464],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2454,81],{"class":80},[52,2456,85],{"class":84},[52,2458,2132],{"class":80},[52,2460,85],{"class":84},[52,2462,2463],{"class":608},"8",[52,2465,108],{"class":84},[52,2467,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2481],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2469,81],{"class":80},[52,2471,85],{"class":84},[52,2473,2132],{"class":80},[52,2475,85],{"class":84},[52,2477,2137],{"class":62},[52,2479,2480],{"class":608},"4.2",[52,2482,108],{"class":84},[20,2484,135],{},[43,2486,2488],{"className":45,"code":2487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2489,2490,2495,2500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2491,2492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2493,2494],{"class":608},"10\n",[52,2496,2497],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2498,2499],{"class":608},"8\n",[52,2501,2502],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2503,2504],{"class":608},"4.2\n",[20,2506,2507],{},"What each line does:",[176,2509,2510,2518,2525],{},[179,2511,2512,2515,2516],{},[15,2513,2514],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2517,2448],{},[179,2519,2520,2515,2523],{},[15,2521,2522],{},"abs(8)",[15,2524,2463],{},[179,2526,2527,2515,2530],{},[15,2528,2529],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2531,2480],{},[20,2533,2534,2535,92],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[289,2536,2538],{"href":2537},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[38,2540,2542],{"id":2541},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2544,2545,2547],{},[15,2546,2098],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2549,2550,2551,2553],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2552,2235],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2555,197],{},[43,2557,2559],{"className":45,"code":2558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2560,2561,2579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2562,2563,2566,2568,2570,2573,2576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2564,2565],{"class":58},"value ",[52,2567,63],{"class":62},[52,2569,609],{"class":608},[52,2571,2572],{"class":62}," +",[52,2574,2575],{"class":608}," 4",[52,2577,2578],{"class":2180},"j\n",[52,2580,2581,2583,2585,2587,2589,2592],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2582,81],{"class":80},[52,2584,85],{"class":84},[52,2586,2132],{"class":80},[52,2588,85],{"class":84},[52,2590,2591],{"class":88},"value",[52,2593,108],{"class":84},[20,2595,135],{},[43,2597,2599],{"className":45,"code":2598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n",[15,2600,2601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2602,2603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2604,2598],{"class":608},[20,2606,2607,2608,1993],{},"Why ",[15,2609,2610],{},"5.0",[176,2612,2613,2618,2624],{},[179,2614,2615,2616],{},"the real part is ",[15,2617,627],{},[179,2619,2620,2621],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2622,2623],{},"4",[179,2625,2626,2627],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2628,2610],{},[20,2630,2631],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[176,2633,2634,2641],{},[179,2635,2636,2638,2639],{},[15,2637,2098],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2640,2308],{},[179,2642,2643],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[38,2645,2647],{"id":2646},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2649,2650,2651,92],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2652,2098],{},[412,2654,2656],{"id":2655},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2658,2659],{},"A very common pattern is:",[43,2661,2663],{"className":45,"code":2662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2664,2665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2666,2667,2669,2671,2674,2676,2679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2668,2132],{"class":80},[52,2670,85],{"class":84},[52,2672,2673],{"class":88},"a ",[52,2675,2137],{"class":62},[52,2677,2678],{"class":88}," b",[52,2680,329],{"class":84},[20,2682,197],{},[43,2684,2686],{"className":45,"code":2685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2687,2688,2697,2707,2711,2730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2689,2690,2692,2694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2691,2673],{"class":58},[52,2693,63],{"class":62},[52,2695,2696],{"class":608}," 3\n",[52,2698,2699,2702,2704],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2700,2701],{"class":58},"b ",[52,2703,63],{"class":62},[52,2705,2706],{"class":608}," 10\n",[52,2708,2709],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2710,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,2712,2713,2716,2718,2720,2722,2724,2726,2728],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,2714,2715],{"class":58},"distance ",[52,2717,63],{"class":62},[52,2719,2351],{"class":80},[52,2721,85],{"class":84},[52,2723,2673],{"class":88},[52,2725,2137],{"class":62},[52,2727,2678],{"class":88},[52,2729,329],{"class":84},[52,2731,2732,2734,2736,2739],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,2733,81],{"class":80},[52,2735,85],{"class":84},[52,2737,2738],{"class":88},"distance",[52,2740,329],{"class":84},[20,2742,135],{},[43,2744,2745],{"className":45,"code":2195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2746,2747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2748,2749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2750,2195],{"class":608},[20,2752,2753],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[412,2755,2757],{"id":2756},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[43,2759,2761],{"className":45,"code":2760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2762,2763,2775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2764,2765,2768,2770,2772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2766,2767],{"class":58},"temperature_change ",[52,2769,63],{"class":62},[52,2771,2338],{"class":62},[52,2773,2774],{"class":608},"6\n",[52,2776,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2788],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2778,81],{"class":80},[52,2780,85],{"class":84},[52,2782,2132],{"class":80},[52,2784,85],{"class":84},[52,2786,2787],{"class":88},"temperature_change",[52,2789,108],{"class":84},[20,2791,135],{},[43,2793,2794],{"className":45,"code":2774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2795,2796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2797,2798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2799,2774],{"class":608},[20,2801,2802],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[412,2804,2806],{"id":2805},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2808,2809,2810,2421],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2811,2098],{},[43,2813,2815],{"className":45,"code":2814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2816,2817,2829,2845,2849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2818,2819,2822,2824,2826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2820,2821],{"class":58},"balance_change ",[52,2823,63],{"class":62},[52,2825,2338],{"class":62},[52,2827,2828],{"class":608},"25\n",[52,2830,2831,2834,2836,2838,2840,2843],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2832,2833],{"class":58},"safe_value ",[52,2835,63],{"class":62},[52,2837,2351],{"class":80},[52,2839,85],{"class":84},[52,2841,2842],{"class":88},"balance_change",[52,2844,329],{"class":84},[52,2846,2847],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2848,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,2850,2851,2853,2855,2858],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,2852,81],{"class":80},[52,2854,85],{"class":84},[52,2856,2857],{"class":88},"safe_value",[52,2859,329],{"class":84},[20,2861,135],{},[43,2863,2864],{"className":45,"code":2828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2865,2866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2867,2868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2869,2828],{"class":608},[412,2871,2873],{"id":2872},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[43,2875,2877],{"className":45,"code":2876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2878,2879,2889,2899,2903,2923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2880,2881,2884,2886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2882,2883],{"class":58},"guess ",[52,2885,63],{"class":62},[52,2887,2888],{"class":608}," 42\n",[52,2890,2891,2894,2896],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,2892,2893],{"class":58},"target ",[52,2895,63],{"class":62},[52,2897,2898],{"class":608}," 50\n",[52,2900,2901],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,2902,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,2904,2905,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2921],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,2906,2907],{"class":58},"difference ",[52,2909,63],{"class":62},[52,2911,2351],{"class":80},[52,2913,85],{"class":84},[52,2915,2883],{"class":88},[52,2917,2137],{"class":62},[52,2919,2920],{"class":88}," target",[52,2922,329],{"class":84},[52,2924,2925,2927,2929,2932],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,2926,81],{"class":80},[52,2928,85],{"class":84},[52,2930,2931],{"class":88},"difference",[52,2933,329],{"class":84},[20,2935,135],{},[43,2937,2938],{"className":45,"code":2499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2939,2940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2941,2942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2943,2499],{"class":608},[20,2945,2946],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[38,2948,1445],{"id":1444},[412,2950,2952],{"id":2951},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2954,2955],{},"This causes an error:",[43,2957,2959],{"className":45,"code":2958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2960,2961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2962,2963,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2964,81],{"class":80},[52,2966,85],{"class":84},[52,2968,2132],{"class":80},[52,2970,85],{"class":84},[52,2972,100],{"class":66},[52,2974,2252],{"class":70},[52,2976,100],{"class":66},[52,2978,108],{"class":84},[20,2980,2981,2984,2985,2987],{},[15,2982,2983],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2986,2098],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2989,2990,2991,32,2997,174],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[289,2992,2994],{"href":2993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2995,2996],{},"int()",[289,2998,3000],{"href":2999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3001,3002],{},"float()",[43,3004,3006],{"className":45,"code":3005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3007,3008,3030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3009,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3011,81],{"class":80},[52,3013,85],{"class":84},[52,3015,2132],{"class":80},[52,3017,85],{"class":84},[52,3019,2304],{"class":1929},[52,3021,85],{"class":84},[52,3023,100],{"class":66},[52,3025,2252],{"class":70},[52,3027,100],{"class":66},[52,3029,546],{"class":84},[52,3031,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3049,3051],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3033,81],{"class":80},[52,3035,85],{"class":84},[52,3037,2132],{"class":80},[52,3039,85],{"class":84},[52,3041,2308],{"class":1929},[52,3043,85],{"class":84},[52,3045,100],{"class":66},[52,3047,3048],{"class":70},"-3.2",[52,3050,100],{"class":66},[52,3052,546],{"class":84},[20,3054,135],{},[43,3056,3058],{"className":45,"code":3057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3059,3060,3065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3061,3062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3063,3064],{"class":608},"5\n",[52,3066,3067],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3068,3069],{"class":608},"3.2\n",[20,3071,3072,3073,3076,3077,92],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3074,3075],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[289,3078,3080],{"href":3079},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[412,3082,3084],{"id":3083},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3086,3087],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[43,3089,3091],{"className":45,"code":3090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3092,3093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3094,3095,3097,3099,3101,3104,3107,3109,3112,3114,3116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3096,81],{"class":80},[52,3098,85],{"class":84},[52,3100,2132],{"class":80},[52,3102,3103],{"class":84},"([",[52,3105,3106],{"class":608},"1",[52,3108,318],{"class":84},[52,3110,3111],{"class":608}," 2",[52,3113,318],{"class":84},[52,3115,609],{"class":608},[52,3117,3118],{"class":84},"]))\n",[20,3120,3121,3122,3125],{},"This raises a ",[15,3123,3124],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[412,3127,3129],{"id":3128},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3131,3132,3134],{},[15,3133,2098],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[43,3136,3138],{"className":45,"code":3137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3139,3140,3152,3162,3166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3141,3142,3145,3147,3149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3143,3144],{"class":58},"x ",[52,3146,63],{"class":62},[52,3148,2338],{"class":62},[52,3150,3151],{"class":608},"9\n",[52,3153,3154,3156,3158,3160],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3155,2132],{"class":80},[52,3157,85],{"class":84},[52,3159,2289],{"class":88},[52,3161,329],{"class":84},[52,3163,3164],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3165,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,3167,3168,3170,3172,3174],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,3169,81],{"class":80},[52,3171,85],{"class":84},[52,3173,2289],{"class":88},[52,3175,329],{"class":84},[20,3177,135],{},[43,3179,3181],{"className":45,"code":3180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-9\n",[15,3182,3183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3184,3185,3187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3186,2137],{"class":62},[52,3188,3151],{"class":608},[20,3190,3191],{},"If you want to store the result:",[43,3193,3195],{"className":45,"code":3194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3196,3197,3207,3221,3225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3198,3199,3201,3203,3205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3200,3144],{"class":58},[52,3202,63],{"class":62},[52,3204,2338],{"class":62},[52,3206,3151],{"class":608},[52,3208,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217,3219],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3210,3144],{"class":58},[52,3212,63],{"class":62},[52,3214,2351],{"class":80},[52,3216,85],{"class":84},[52,3218,2289],{"class":88},[52,3220,329],{"class":84},[52,3222,3223],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3224,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,3226,3227,3229,3231,3233],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,3228,81],{"class":80},[52,3230,85],{"class":84},[52,3232,2289],{"class":88},[52,3234,329],{"class":84},[20,3236,135],{},[43,3238,3239],{"className":45,"code":3151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3240,3241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3242,3243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3244,3151],{"class":608},[412,3246,3248],{"id":3247},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3250,3251,3253],{},[15,3252,2098],{}," does not round numbers.",[43,3255,3257],{"className":45,"code":3256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3258,3259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3260,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269,3271,3274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3262,81],{"class":80},[52,3264,85],{"class":84},[52,3266,2132],{"class":80},[52,3268,85],{"class":84},[52,3270,2137],{"class":62},[52,3272,3273],{"class":608},"4.7",[52,3275,108],{"class":84},[20,3277,135],{},[43,3279,3281],{"className":45,"code":3280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.7\n",[15,3282,3283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3284,3285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3286,3280],{"class":608},[20,3288,3289,3290,3292,3293,3295],{},"If you expected ",[15,3291,2252],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3294,2098],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[38,3297,3299],{"id":3298},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3301,3302,3304],{},[15,3303,2098],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[176,3306,3307,3314,3321],{},[179,3308,3309,3311,3312],{},[15,3310,2304],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3313,2304],{},[179,3315,3316,3318,3319],{},[15,3317,2308],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3320,2308],{},[179,3322,3323,3318,3325],{},[15,3324,2312],{},[15,3326,2308],{},[20,3328,197],{},[43,3330,3332],{"className":45,"code":3331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3333,3334,3354,3375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3335,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344,3346,3348,3350,3352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3337,81],{"class":80},[52,3339,85],{"class":84},[52,3341,1930],{"class":1929},[52,3343,85],{"class":84},[52,3345,2132],{"class":80},[52,3347,85],{"class":84},[52,3349,2137],{"class":62},[52,3351,2252],{"class":608},[52,3353,546],{"class":84},[52,3355,3356,3358,3360,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370,3373],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3357,81],{"class":80},[52,3359,85],{"class":84},[52,3361,1930],{"class":1929},[52,3363,85],{"class":84},[52,3365,2132],{"class":80},[52,3367,85],{"class":84},[52,3369,2137],{"class":62},[52,3371,3372],{"class":608},"3.2",[52,3374,546],{"class":84},[52,3376,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3378,81],{"class":80},[52,3380,85],{"class":84},[52,3382,1930],{"class":1929},[52,3384,85],{"class":84},[52,3386,2132],{"class":80},[52,3388,85],{"class":84},[52,3390,627],{"class":608},[52,3392,2572],{"class":62},[52,3394,2575],{"class":608},[52,3396,2181],{"class":2180},[52,3398,546],{"class":84},[20,3400,135],{},[43,3402,3404],{"className":45,"code":3403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3405,3406,3424,3438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3407,3408,3411,3414,3417,3419,3421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3409,3410],{"class":62},"\u003C",[52,3412,3413],{"class":2180},"class",[52,3415,3416],{"class":66}," '",[52,3418,2304],{"class":70},[52,3420,1888],{"class":66},[52,3422,3423],{"class":62},">\n",[52,3425,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3427,3410],{"class":62},[52,3429,3413],{"class":2180},[52,3431,3416],{"class":66},[52,3433,2308],{"class":70},[52,3435,1888],{"class":66},[52,3437,3423],{"class":62},[52,3439,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3441,3410],{"class":62},[52,3443,3413],{"class":2180},[52,3445,3416],{"class":66},[52,3447,2308],{"class":70},[52,3449,1888],{"class":66},[52,3451,3423],{"class":62},[20,3453,3454],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3456,3457],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3459,3460],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[43,3462,3464],{"className":45,"code":3463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3465,3466,3479,3489,3503,3507,3521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3467,3468,3470,3472,3474,3477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3469,2565],{"class":58},[52,3471,63],{"class":62},[52,3473,67],{"class":66},[52,3475,3476],{"class":70},"-5",[52,3478,74],{"class":66},[52,3480,3481,3483,3485,3487],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3482,81],{"class":80},[52,3484,85],{"class":84},[52,3486,2591],{"class":88},[52,3488,329],{"class":84},[52,3490,3491,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3492,81],{"class":80},[52,3494,85],{"class":84},[52,3496,1930],{"class":1929},[52,3498,85],{"class":84},[52,3500,2591],{"class":88},[52,3502,108],{"class":84},[52,3504,3505],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,3506,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,3508,3509,3512,3514,3516,3519],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,3510,3511],{"class":58},"user_input ",[52,3513,63],{"class":62},[52,3515,67],{"class":66},[52,3517,3518],{"class":70},"-3.7",[52,3520,74],{"class":66},[52,3522,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535,3538],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,3524,81],{"class":80},[52,3526,85],{"class":84},[52,3528,2132],{"class":80},[52,3530,85],{"class":84},[52,3532,2308],{"class":1929},[52,3534,85],{"class":84},[52,3536,3537],{"class":88},"user_input",[52,3539,546],{"class":84},[20,3541,135],{},[43,3543,3545],{"className":45,"code":3544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3546,3547,3553,3568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3548,3549,3551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3550,2137],{"class":62},[52,3552,3064],{"class":608},[52,3554,3555,3557,3559,3561,3564,3566],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3556,3410],{"class":62},[52,3558,3413],{"class":2180},[52,3560,3416],{"class":66},[52,3562,3563],{"class":70},"str",[52,3565,1888],{"class":66},[52,3567,3423],{"class":62},[52,3569,3570],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3571,3572],{"class":608},"3.7\n",[38,3574,1940],{"id":1939},[412,3576,3578],{"id":3577},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3580,3581],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[412,3583,3585],{"id":3584},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3587,3588],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[412,3590,3592],{"id":3591},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3594,3595],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[412,3597,3599],{"id":3598},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3601,3602,3604,3605,32,3607,3609,3610,92],{},[15,3603,3075],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3606,2996],{},[15,3608,3002],{}," before using ",[15,3611,2098],{},[412,3613,3615],{"id":3614},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3617,3618],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[38,3620,2005],{"id":2004},[176,3622,3623,3630,3636,3642,3647],{},[179,3624,3625],{},[289,3626,3627,3629],{"href":2993},[15,3628,2996],{}," function explained",[179,3631,3632],{},[289,3633,3634,3629],{"href":2999},[15,3635,3002],{},[179,3637,3638],{},[289,3639,3640,3629],{"href":2416},[15,3641,2419],{},[179,3643,3644],{},[289,3645,3646],{"href":3079},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[179,3648,3649],{},[289,3650,2538],{"href":2537},[2035,3652,3653],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":3655},[3656,3657,3658,3659,3660,3661,3667,3673,3674,3681],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":2213,"depth":77,"text":2214},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":2424,"depth":77,"text":2425},{"id":2541,"depth":77,"text":2542},{"id":2646,"depth":77,"text":2647,"children":3662},[3663,3664,3665,3666],{"id":2655,"depth":111,"text":2656},{"id":2756,"depth":111,"text":2757},{"id":2805,"depth":111,"text":2806},{"id":2872,"depth":111,"text":2873},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":3668},[3669,3670,3671,3672],{"id":2951,"depth":111,"text":2952},{"id":3083,"depth":111,"text":3084},{"id":3128,"depth":111,"text":3129},{"id":3247,"depth":111,"text":3248},{"id":3298,"depth":77,"text":3299},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":3675},[3676,3677,3678,3679,3680],{"id":3577,"depth":111,"text":3578},{"id":3584,"depth":111,"text":3585},{"id":3591,"depth":111,"text":3592},{"id":3598,"depth":111,"text":3599},{"id":3614,"depth":111,"text":3615},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2087,"description":3682},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3689,"title":3690,"body":3691,"description":5394,"extension":2078,"meta":5395,"navigation":221,"path":5396,"seo":5397,"stem":5398,"__hash__":5399},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3692,"toc":5358},[3693,3701,3707,3710,3726,3730,3788,3797,3802,3806,3825,3828,3845,3848,3852,3860,3878,3881,3921,3924,3931,3937,4010,4012,4044,4050,4054,4058,4097,4099,4107,4114,4118,4157,4159,4167,4177,4181,4237,4239,4247,4250,4253,4300,4302,4310,4316,4323,4328,4331,4334,4401,4403,4411,4414,4481,4483,4491,4505,4508,4519,4523,4529,4532,4534,4550,4552,4560,4563,4566,4569,4586,4589,4592,4622,4624,4637,4641,4645,4647,4662,4667,4670,4697,4704,4707,4747,4754,4760,4768,4771,4823,4830,4895,4900,4909,4912,4930,4936,4939,5081,5087,5092,5095,5106,5109,5165,5167,5175,5178,5237,5239,5247,5250,5261,5263,5270,5279,5288,5291,5297,5300,5308,5321,5323,5355],[10,3694,3696,3697,3700],{"id":3695},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3698,3699],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3702,3703,3704,3706],{},"Python’s ",[15,3705,3699],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3708,3709],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[176,3711,3712,3715,3718],{},[179,3713,3714],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[179,3716,3717],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[179,3719,3720,2515,3723,3725],{},[15,3721,3722],{},"all([])",[15,3724,31],{},", which often seems strange at first",[38,3727,3729],{"id":3728},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[43,3731,3733],{"className":45,"code":3732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3734,3735,3758,3774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3736,3737,3740,3742,3745,3747,3749,3751,3753,3755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3738,3739],{"class":58},"numbers ",[52,3741,63],{"class":62},[52,3743,3744],{"class":84}," [",[52,3746,3106],{"class":608},[52,3748,318],{"class":84},[52,3750,3111],{"class":608},[52,3752,318],{"class":84},[52,3754,609],{"class":608},[52,3756,3757],{"class":84},"]\n",[52,3759,3760,3762,3764,3767,3769,3772],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3761,2346],{"class":58},[52,3763,63],{"class":62},[52,3765,3766],{"class":80}," all",[52,3768,85],{"class":84},[52,3770,3771],{"class":88},"numbers",[52,3773,329],{"class":84},[52,3775,3776,3778,3780,3782,3785],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3777,81],{"class":80},[52,3779,85],{"class":84},[52,3781,2381],{"class":88},[52,3783,3784],{"class":84},")",[52,3786,3787],{"class":1479},"  # True\n",[20,3789,3790,2515,3792,3794,3795,92],{},[15,3791,3699],{},[15,3793,31],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3796,35],{},[38,3798,166,3800,169],{"id":3799},"what-all-does",[15,3801,3699],{},[20,3803,3804,174],{},[15,3805,3699],{},[176,3807,3808,3811,3817,3822],{},[179,3809,3810],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[179,3812,3813,3814,3816],{},"returns ",[15,3815,31],{}," if all items are truthy",[179,3818,3813,3819,3821],{},[15,3820,35],{}," if any item is falsy",[179,3823,3824],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3826,3827],{},"Basic syntax:",[43,3829,3831],{"className":45,"code":3830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3832,3833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3834,3835,3838,3840,3843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3836,3837],{"class":80},"all",[52,3839,85],{"class":84},[52,3841,3842],{"class":88},"iterable",[52,3844,329],{"class":84},[20,3846,3847],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[38,3849,3851],{"id":3850},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3853,3854,3855,32,3857,3859],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3856,31],{},[15,3858,35],{}," in conditions.",[176,3861,3862,3871],{},[179,3863,3864,3868,3869],{},[3865,3866,3867],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3870,31],{},[179,3872,3873,3868,3876],{},[3865,3874,3875],{},"Falsy",[15,3877,35],{},[20,3879,3880],{},"Common falsy values include:",[176,3882,3883,3887,3892,3897,3902,3906,3911,3916],{},[179,3884,3885],{},[15,3886,2235],{},[179,3888,3889],{},[15,3890,3891],{},"0.0",[179,3893,3894],{},[15,3895,3896],{},"''",[179,3898,3899],{},[15,3900,3901],{},"None",[179,3903,3904],{},[15,3905,35],{},[179,3907,3908],{},[15,3909,3910],{},"[]",[179,3912,3913],{},[15,3914,3915],{},"{}",[179,3917,3918],{},[15,3919,3920],{},"set()",[20,3922,3923],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3925,3926,3927,92],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[289,3928,3930],{"href":3929},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3932,3933,3934,174],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3935,3936],{},"bool()",[43,3938,3940],{"className":45,"code":3939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3941,3942,3977,3981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3943,3944,3947,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3945,3946],{"class":58},"values ",[52,3948,63],{"class":62},[52,3950,3744],{"class":84},[52,3952,3106],{"class":608},[52,3954,318],{"class":84},[52,3956,683],{"class":608},[52,3958,318],{"class":84},[52,3960,3961],{"class":66}," ''",[52,3963,318],{"class":84},[52,3965,3416],{"class":66},[52,3967,266],{"class":70},[52,3969,1888],{"class":66},[52,3971,318],{"class":84},[52,3973,3974],{"class":145}," None",[52,3976,3757],{"class":84},[52,3978,3979],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,3980,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,3982,3983,3985,3987,3990,3992,3994,3996,3999,4002,4004,4007],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,3984,81],{"class":80},[52,3986,3103],{"class":84},[52,3988,3989],{"class":1929},"bool",[52,3991,85],{"class":84},[52,3993,2289],{"class":88},[52,3995,3784],{"class":84},[52,3997,3998],{"class":761}," for",[52,4000,4001],{"class":88}," x ",[52,4003,1638],{"class":761},[52,4005,4006],{"class":88}," values",[52,4008,4009],{"class":84},"])\n",[20,4011,135],{},[43,4013,4015],{"className":45,"code":4014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4016,4017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4018,4019,4022,4024,4026,4029,4031,4033,4035,4038,4040,4042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4020,4021],{"class":84},"[",[52,4023,31],{"class":145},[52,4025,318],{"class":84},[52,4027,4028],{"class":145}," False",[52,4030,318],{"class":84},[52,4032,4028],{"class":145},[52,4034,318],{"class":84},[52,4036,4037],{"class":145}," True",[52,4039,318],{"class":84},[52,4041,4028],{"class":145},[52,4043,3757],{"class":84},[20,4045,4046,4047,4049],{},"This matters because ",[15,4048,3699],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[38,4051,4053],{"id":4052},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[412,4055,4057],{"id":4056},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[43,4059,4061],{"className":45,"code":4060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4062,4063,4083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4064,4065,4067,4069,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4066,3739],{"class":58},[52,4068,63],{"class":62},[52,4070,3744],{"class":84},[52,4072,3106],{"class":608},[52,4074,318],{"class":84},[52,4076,3111],{"class":608},[52,4078,318],{"class":84},[52,4080,609],{"class":608},[52,4082,3757],{"class":84},[52,4084,4085,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4086,81],{"class":80},[52,4088,85],{"class":84},[52,4090,3837],{"class":80},[52,4092,85],{"class":84},[52,4094,3771],{"class":88},[52,4096,108],{"class":84},[20,4098,135],{},[43,4100,4101],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4102,4103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4104,4105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4106,146],{"class":145},[20,4108,4109,4110,2515,4112,92],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4111,3699],{},[15,4113,31],{},[412,4115,4117],{"id":4116},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[43,4119,4121],{"className":45,"code":4120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4122,4123,4143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4124,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4126,3739],{"class":58},[52,4128,63],{"class":62},[52,4130,3744],{"class":84},[52,4132,3106],{"class":608},[52,4134,318],{"class":84},[52,4136,683],{"class":608},[52,4138,318],{"class":84},[52,4140,609],{"class":608},[52,4142,3757],{"class":84},[52,4144,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4146,81],{"class":80},[52,4148,85],{"class":84},[52,4150,3837],{"class":80},[52,4152,85],{"class":84},[52,4154,3771],{"class":88},[52,4156,108],{"class":84},[20,4158,135],{},[43,4160,4161],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4162,4163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4164,4165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4166,151],{"class":145},[20,4168,4169,4170,4172,4173,2515,4175,92],{},"The value ",[15,4171,2235],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4174,3699],{},[15,4176,35],{},[412,4178,4180],{"id":4179},"example-strings","Example: strings",[43,4182,4184],{"className":45,"code":4183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4185,4186,4222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4187,4188,4191,4193,4195,4197,4200,4202,4204,4206,4209,4211,4213,4215,4218,4220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4189,4190],{"class":58},"words ",[52,4192,63],{"class":62},[52,4194,3744],{"class":84},[52,4196,1888],{"class":66},[52,4198,4199],{"class":70},"apple",[52,4201,1888],{"class":66},[52,4203,318],{"class":84},[52,4205,3416],{"class":66},[52,4207,4208],{"class":70},"banana",[52,4210,1888],{"class":66},[52,4212,318],{"class":84},[52,4214,3416],{"class":66},[52,4216,4217],{"class":70},"cherry",[52,4219,1888],{"class":66},[52,4221,3757],{"class":84},[52,4223,4224,4226,4228,4230,4232,4235],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4225,81],{"class":80},[52,4227,85],{"class":84},[52,4229,3837],{"class":80},[52,4231,85],{"class":84},[52,4233,4234],{"class":88},"words",[52,4236,108],{"class":84},[20,4238,135],{},[43,4240,4241],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4242,4243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4244,4245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4246,146],{"class":145},[20,4248,4249],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4251,4252],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[43,4254,4256],{"className":45,"code":4255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4257,4258,4286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4259,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4261,4190],{"class":58},[52,4263,63],{"class":62},[52,4265,3744],{"class":84},[52,4267,1888],{"class":66},[52,4269,4199],{"class":70},[52,4271,1888],{"class":66},[52,4273,318],{"class":84},[52,4275,3961],{"class":66},[52,4277,318],{"class":84},[52,4279,3416],{"class":66},[52,4281,4217],{"class":70},[52,4283,1888],{"class":66},[52,4285,3757],{"class":84},[52,4287,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4289,81],{"class":80},[52,4291,85],{"class":84},[52,4293,3837],{"class":80},[52,4295,85],{"class":84},[52,4297,4234],{"class":88},[52,4299,108],{"class":84},[20,4301,135],{},[43,4303,4304],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4305,4306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4307,4308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4309,151],{"class":145},[20,4311,4312,4313,4315],{},"The empty string ",[15,4314,3896],{}," is falsy.",[38,4317,4319,4320,4322],{"id":4318},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4321,3699],{}," works with conditions",[20,4324,4325,4327],{},[15,4326,3699],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4329,4330],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4332,4333],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[43,4335,4337],{"className":45,"code":4336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4338,4339,4359,4387,4391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4340,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4342,3739],{"class":58},[52,4344,63],{"class":62},[52,4346,3744],{"class":84},[52,4348,3106],{"class":608},[52,4350,318],{"class":84},[52,4352,3111],{"class":608},[52,4354,318],{"class":84},[52,4356,609],{"class":608},[52,4358,3757],{"class":84},[52,4360,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4385],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4362,2346],{"class":58},[52,4364,63],{"class":62},[52,4366,3766],{"class":80},[52,4368,85],{"class":84},[52,4370,3144],{"class":88},[52,4372,4373],{"class":62},">",[52,4375,683],{"class":608},[52,4377,3998],{"class":761},[52,4379,4001],{"class":88},[52,4381,1638],{"class":761},[52,4383,4384],{"class":88}," numbers",[52,4386,329],{"class":84},[52,4388,4389],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,4390,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,4392,4393,4395,4397,4399],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,4394,81],{"class":80},[52,4396,85],{"class":84},[52,4398,2381],{"class":88},[52,4400,329],{"class":84},[20,4402,135],{},[43,4404,4405],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4406,4407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4408,4409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4410,146],{"class":145},[20,4412,4413],{},"Here is one that fails:",[43,4415,4417],{"className":45,"code":4416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4418,4419,4441,4467,4471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4420,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4422,3739],{"class":58},[52,4424,63],{"class":62},[52,4426,3744],{"class":84},[52,4428,3106],{"class":608},[52,4430,318],{"class":84},[52,4432,2338],{"class":62},[52,4434,2172],{"class":608},[52,4436,318],{"class":84},[52,4438,609],{"class":608},[52,4440,3757],{"class":84},[52,4442,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4444,2346],{"class":58},[52,4446,63],{"class":62},[52,4448,3766],{"class":80},[52,4450,85],{"class":84},[52,4452,3144],{"class":88},[52,4454,4373],{"class":62},[52,4456,683],{"class":608},[52,4458,3998],{"class":761},[52,4460,4001],{"class":88},[52,4462,1638],{"class":761},[52,4464,4384],{"class":88},[52,4466,329],{"class":84},[52,4468,4469],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,4470,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,4472,4473,4475,4477,4479],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,4474,81],{"class":80},[52,4476,85],{"class":84},[52,4478,2381],{"class":88},[52,4480,329],{"class":84},[20,4482,135],{},[43,4484,4485],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4486,4487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4488,4489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4490,151],{"class":145},[20,4492,4493,4494,4497,4498,4500,4501,2515,4503,92],{},"The expression ",[15,4495,4496],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4499,31],{},", then ",[15,4502,3699],{},[15,4504,31],{},[20,4506,4507],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4509,4510,4511,342,4515,92],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[289,4512,4514],{"href":4513},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[289,4516,4518],{"href":4517},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[38,4520,4522],{"id":4521},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4524,4525,2515,4527,92],{},[15,4526,3722],{},[15,4528,31],{},[20,4530,4531],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4533,197],{},[43,4535,4537],{"className":45,"code":4536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4538,4539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4540,4541,4543,4545,4547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4542,81],{"class":80},[52,4544,85],{"class":84},[52,4546,3837],{"class":80},[52,4548,4549],{"class":84},"([]))\n",[20,4551,135],{},[43,4553,4554],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4555,4556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4557,4558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4559,146],{"class":145},[20,4561,4562],{},"Why?",[20,4564,4565],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4567,4568],{},"Think of it this way:",[176,4570,4571,4578,4581],{},[179,4572,4573,2515,4575,4577],{},[15,4574,3699],{},[15,4576,35],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[179,4579,4580],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[179,4582,4583,4584],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4585,35],{},[20,4587,4588],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4590,4591],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[43,4593,4595],{"className":45,"code":4594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4596,4597,4608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4598,4599,4601,4603,4605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4600,81],{"class":80},[52,4602,85],{"class":84},[52,4604,3837],{"class":80},[52,4606,4607],{"class":84},"(()))\n",[52,4609,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4611,81],{"class":80},[52,4613,85],{"class":84},[52,4615,3837],{"class":80},[52,4617,85],{"class":84},[52,4619,3896],{"class":66},[52,4621,108],{"class":84},[20,4623,135],{},[43,4625,4627],{"className":45,"code":4626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4628,4629,4633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4630,4631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4632,146],{"class":145},[52,4634,4635],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4636,146],{"class":145},[38,4638,4640],{"id":4639},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[412,4642,4644],{"id":4643},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4646,1457],{},[43,4648,4650],{"className":45,"code":4649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4651,4652,4657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4653,4654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4655,4656],{"class":1479},"# Wrong\n",[52,4658,4659],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4660,4661],{"class":1479},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4663,4664,4666],{},[15,4665,3699],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4668,4669],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[43,4671,4673],{"className":45,"code":4672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4674,4675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4676,4677,4679,4681,4683,4685,4687,4689,4691,4693,4695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4678,81],{"class":80},[52,4680,85],{"class":84},[52,4682,3837],{"class":80},[52,4684,3103],{"class":84},[52,4686,3106],{"class":608},[52,4688,318],{"class":84},[52,4690,3111],{"class":608},[52,4692,318],{"class":84},[52,4694,609],{"class":608},[52,4696,3118],{"class":84},[412,4698,4700,4701,4703],{"id":4699},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4702,3699],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4705,4706],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[43,4708,4710],{"className":45,"code":4709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4711,4712,4733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4713,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4727,4729,4731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4715,3739],{"class":58},[52,4717,63],{"class":62},[52,4719,3744],{"class":84},[52,4721,2252],{"class":608},[52,4723,318],{"class":84},[52,4725,4726],{"class":608}," 5",[52,4728,318],{"class":84},[52,4730,4726],{"class":608},[52,4732,3757],{"class":84},[52,4734,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743,4745],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4736,81],{"class":80},[52,4738,85],{"class":84},[52,4740,3837],{"class":80},[52,4742,85],{"class":84},[52,4744,3771],{"class":88},[52,4746,108],{"class":84},[20,4748,4749,4750,4753],{},"This does ",[3865,4751,4752],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4755,4756,4757,4759],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4758,2252],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[43,4761,4762],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4763,4764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4765,4766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4767,146],{"class":145},[20,4769,4770],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[43,4772,4774],{"className":45,"code":4773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4775,4776,4796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4777,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4779,3739],{"class":58},[52,4781,63],{"class":62},[52,4783,3744],{"class":84},[52,4785,2252],{"class":608},[52,4787,318],{"class":84},[52,4789,4726],{"class":608},[52,4791,318],{"class":84},[52,4793,4726],{"class":608},[52,4795,3757],{"class":84},[52,4797,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4799,81],{"class":80},[52,4801,85],{"class":84},[52,4803,3837],{"class":80},[52,4805,85],{"class":84},[52,4807,3144],{"class":88},[52,4809,4810],{"class":62},"==",[52,4812,4726],{"class":608},[52,4814,3998],{"class":761},[52,4816,4001],{"class":88},[52,4818,1638],{"class":761},[52,4820,4384],{"class":88},[52,4822,108],{"class":84},[412,4824,4826,4827,4829],{"id":4825},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4828,2235],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[43,4831,4833],{"className":45,"code":4832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4834,4835,4861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4836,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4838,81],{"class":80},[52,4840,85],{"class":84},[52,4842,3837],{"class":80},[52,4844,3103],{"class":84},[52,4846,3106],{"class":608},[52,4848,318],{"class":84},[52,4850,3111],{"class":608},[52,4852,318],{"class":84},[52,4854,683],{"class":608},[52,4856,4857],{"class":84},"]))",[52,4859,4860],{"class":1479},"       # False\n",[52,4862,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4864,81],{"class":80},[52,4866,85],{"class":84},[52,4868,3837],{"class":80},[52,4870,3103],{"class":84},[52,4872,1888],{"class":66},[52,4874,289],{"class":70},[52,4876,1888],{"class":66},[52,4878,318],{"class":84},[52,4880,3416],{"class":66},[52,4882,4883],{"class":70},"b",[52,4885,1888],{"class":66},[52,4887,318],{"class":84},[52,4889,3961],{"class":66},[52,4891,4857],{"class":84},[52,4893,4894],{"class":1479},"  # False\n",[20,4896,4897,4898,92],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4899,35],{},[412,4901,4903,4904,4906,4907],{"id":4902},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4905,3722],{}," is ",[15,4908,31],{},[20,4910,4911],{},"This is expected behavior:",[43,4913,4915],{"className":45,"code":4914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4916,4917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4918,4919,4921,4923,4925,4928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4920,81],{"class":80},[52,4922,85],{"class":84},[52,4924,3837],{"class":80},[52,4926,4927],{"class":84},"([]))",[52,4929,3787],{"class":1479},[20,4931,4932,4933,4935],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4934,31],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4937,4938],{},"Useful quick tests:",[43,4940,4942],{"className":45,"code":4941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4943,4944,4966,4988,5035,5071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4945,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4947,81],{"class":80},[52,4949,85],{"class":84},[52,4951,3837],{"class":80},[52,4953,3103],{"class":84},[52,4955,3106],{"class":608},[52,4957,318],{"class":84},[52,4959,3111],{"class":608},[52,4961,318],{"class":84},[52,4963,609],{"class":608},[52,4965,3118],{"class":84},[52,4967,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,4969,81],{"class":80},[52,4971,85],{"class":84},[52,4973,3837],{"class":80},[52,4975,3103],{"class":84},[52,4977,3106],{"class":608},[52,4979,318],{"class":84},[52,4981,683],{"class":608},[52,4983,318],{"class":84},[52,4985,609],{"class":608},[52,4987,3118],{"class":84},[52,4989,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,4991,81],{"class":80},[52,4993,3103],{"class":84},[52,4995,3989],{"class":1929},[52,4997,85],{"class":84},[52,4999,2289],{"class":88},[52,5001,3784],{"class":84},[52,5003,3998],{"class":761},[52,5005,4001],{"class":88},[52,5007,1638],{"class":761},[52,5009,3744],{"class":84},[52,5011,3106],{"class":608},[52,5013,318],{"class":84},[52,5015,683],{"class":608},[52,5017,318],{"class":84},[52,5019,3961],{"class":66},[52,5021,318],{"class":84},[52,5023,3416],{"class":66},[52,5025,266],{"class":70},[52,5027,1888],{"class":66},[52,5029,318],{"class":84},[52,5031,3974],{"class":145},[52,5033,5034],{"class":84},"]])\n",[52,5036,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,5038,81],{"class":80},[52,5040,85],{"class":84},[52,5042,3837],{"class":80},[52,5044,85],{"class":84},[52,5046,3144],{"class":88},[52,5048,4373],{"class":62},[52,5050,683],{"class":608},[52,5052,3998],{"class":761},[52,5054,4001],{"class":88},[52,5056,1638],{"class":761},[52,5058,3744],{"class":84},[52,5060,3106],{"class":608},[52,5062,318],{"class":84},[52,5064,3111],{"class":608},[52,5066,318],{"class":84},[52,5068,609],{"class":608},[52,5070,3118],{"class":84},[52,5072,5073,5075,5077,5079],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,5074,81],{"class":80},[52,5076,85],{"class":84},[52,5078,3837],{"class":80},[52,5080,4549],{"class":84},[38,5082,5084,5085],{"id":5083},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5086,3699],{},[20,5088,5089,5091],{},[15,5090,3699],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5093,5094],{},"Common use cases:",[176,5096,5097,5100,5103],{},[179,5098,5099],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[179,5101,5102],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[179,5104,5105],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5107,5108],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[43,5110,5112],{"className":45,"code":5111,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5113,5114,5150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5115,5116,5119,5121,5123,5125,5128,5130,5132,5134,5137,5139,5141,5143,5146,5148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5117,5118],{"class":58},"names ",[52,5120,63],{"class":62},[52,5122,3744],{"class":84},[52,5124,1888],{"class":66},[52,5126,5127],{"class":70},"Alice",[52,5129,1888],{"class":66},[52,5131,318],{"class":84},[52,5133,3416],{"class":66},[52,5135,5136],{"class":70},"Bob",[52,5138,1888],{"class":66},[52,5140,318],{"class":84},[52,5142,3416],{"class":66},[52,5144,5145],{"class":70},"Charlie",[52,5147,1888],{"class":66},[52,5149,3757],{"class":84},[52,5151,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5163],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5153,81],{"class":80},[52,5155,85],{"class":84},[52,5157,3837],{"class":80},[52,5159,85],{"class":84},[52,5161,5162],{"class":88},"names",[52,5164,108],{"class":84},[20,5166,135],{},[43,5168,5169],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5170,5171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5172,5173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5174,146],{"class":145},[20,5176,5177],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[43,5179,5181],{"className":45,"code":5180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5182,5183,5207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5184,5185,5188,5190,5192,5195,5197,5200,5202,5205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5186,5187],{"class":58},"scores ",[52,5189,63],{"class":62},[52,5191,3744],{"class":84},[52,5193,5194],{"class":608},"75",[52,5196,318],{"class":84},[52,5198,5199],{"class":608}," 80",[52,5201,318],{"class":84},[52,5203,5204],{"class":608}," 50",[52,5206,3757],{"class":84},[52,5208,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5220,5223,5225,5227,5230,5232,5235],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5210,81],{"class":80},[52,5212,85],{"class":84},[52,5214,3837],{"class":80},[52,5216,85],{"class":84},[52,5218,5219],{"class":88},"score ",[52,5221,5222],{"class":62},">=",[52,5224,5204],{"class":608},[52,5226,3998],{"class":761},[52,5228,5229],{"class":88}," score ",[52,5231,1638],{"class":761},[52,5233,5234],{"class":88}," scores",[52,5236,108],{"class":84},[20,5238,135],{},[43,5240,5241],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5242,5243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5244,5245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5246,146],{"class":145},[20,5248,5249],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5251,5252,5253,342,5257,92],{},"For related tasks, see ",[289,5254,5256],{"href":5255},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[289,5258,5260],{"href":5259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[38,5262,1940],{"id":1939},[412,5264,5266,5267,5269],{"id":5265},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5268,3699],{}," return in Python?",[20,5271,5272,5273,5275,5276,5278],{},"It returns ",[15,5274,31],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5277,35],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[412,5280,5282,5283,5285,5286,1993],{"id":5281},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5284,3722],{}," return ",[15,5287,31],{},[20,5289,5290],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[412,5292,1958,5294,5296],{"id":5293},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5295,3699],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5298,5299],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[412,5301,1987,5303,342,5305,1993],{"id":5302},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5304,3699],{},[15,5306,5307],{},"any()",[20,5309,5310,5312,5313,5315,5316,92],{},[15,5311,3699],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5314,5307],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[289,5317,3696,5319,3629],{"href":5318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5320,5307],{},[38,5322,2005],{"id":2004},[176,5324,5325,5331,5335,5340,5345,5350],{},[179,5326,5327],{},[289,5328,3696,5329,3629],{"href":5318},[15,5330,5307],{},[179,5332,5333],{},[289,5334,3930],{"href":3929},[179,5336,5337],{},[289,5338,5339],{"href":5259},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[179,5341,5342],{},[289,5343,5344],{"href":5255},"How to filter a list in Python",[179,5346,5347],{},[289,5348,5349],{"href":4513},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[179,5351,5352],{},[289,5353,5354],{"href":4517},"What is an iterable in Python",[2035,5356,5357],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":5359},[5360,5361,5363,5364,5369,5371,5372,5381,5383,5393],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":3799,"depth":77,"text":5362},"What all() does",{"id":3850,"depth":77,"text":3851},{"id":4052,"depth":77,"text":4053,"children":5365},[5366,5367,5368],{"id":4056,"depth":111,"text":4057},{"id":4116,"depth":111,"text":4117},{"id":4179,"depth":111,"text":4180},{"id":4318,"depth":77,"text":5370},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4521,"depth":77,"text":4522},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":5373},[5374,5375,5377,5379],{"id":4643,"depth":111,"text":4644},{"id":4699,"depth":111,"text":5376},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4825,"depth":111,"text":5378},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4902,"depth":111,"text":5380},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5083,"depth":77,"text":5382},"When to use all()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":5384},[5385,5387,5389,5391],{"id":5265,"depth":111,"text":5386},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5281,"depth":111,"text":5388},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5293,"depth":111,"text":5390},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5302,"depth":111,"text":5392},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3690,"description":5394},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5401,"title":5402,"body":5403,"description":7092,"extension":2078,"meta":7093,"navigation":221,"path":5318,"seo":7094,"stem":7095,"__hash__":7096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5404,"toc":7070},[5405,5408,5416,5419,5436,5444,5488,5496,5500,5505,5508,5525,5528,5539,5551,5555,5558,5573,5578,5581,5593,5596,5680,5683,5704,5710,5712,5720,5734,5736,5770,5772,5775,5836,5838,5855,5858,5885,5887,5895,5907,5911,5914,5953,5955,5963,5965,5981,5989,5992,6035,6037,6045,6050,6054,6062,6065,6092,6095,6098,6171,6173,6181,6188,6212,6223,6226,6305,6307,6315,6322,6326,6331,6346,6348,6356,6359,6365,6368,6414,6416,6433,6437,6442,6453,6456,6570,6573,6632,6638,6640,6645,6649,6651,6670,6676,6679,6698,6702,6711,6738,6740,6748,6756,6760,6766,6789,6791,6799,6806,6810,6813,6864,6867,6918,6921,6923,6927,6934,6938,6945,6949,6957,6961,6964,6986,6988,7038,7040,7067],[10,5406,5402],{"id":5407},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5409,5410,5412,5413,92],{},[15,5411,5307],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3865,5414,5415],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5417,5418],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[176,5420,5421,5424,5427,5430,5433],{},[179,5422,5423],{},"lists",[179,5425,5426],{},"tuples",[179,5428,5429],{},"sets",[179,5431,5432],{},"strings",[179,5434,5435],{},"generator expressions",[20,5437,5438,5439,32,5441,5443],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5440,31],{},[15,5442,35],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[43,5445,5447],{"className":45,"code":5446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5448,5449,5469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5450,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5452,3946],{"class":58},[52,5454,63],{"class":62},[52,5456,3744],{"class":84},[52,5458,2235],{"class":608},[52,5460,318],{"class":84},[52,5462,3961],{"class":66},[52,5464,318],{"class":84},[52,5466,4726],{"class":608},[52,5468,3757],{"class":84},[52,5470,5471,5473,5475,5478,5480,5483,5486],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5472,81],{"class":80},[52,5474,85],{"class":84},[52,5476,5477],{"class":80},"any",[52,5479,85],{"class":84},[52,5481,5482],{"class":88},"values",[52,5484,5485],{"class":84},"))",[52,5487,3787],{"class":1479},[20,5489,154,5490,157,5493,5495],{},[15,5491,5492],{},"any(iterable)",[15,5494,31],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[38,5497,5499],{"id":5498},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5501,5502,5504],{},[15,5503,5307],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5506,5507],{},"It returns:",[176,5509,5510,5515,5520],{},[179,5511,5512,5514],{},[15,5513,31],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[179,5516,5517,5519],{},[15,5518,35],{}," if all items are falsy",[179,5521,5522,5524],{},[15,5523,35],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5526,5527],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[176,5529,5530,5533,5536],{},[179,5531,5532],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[179,5534,5535],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[179,5537,5538],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5540,5541,5542,5545,5546,92],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3865,5543,5544],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[289,5547,5549],{"href":5548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5550,3699],{},[38,5552,5554],{"id":5553},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5556,5557],{},"The syntax is simple:",[43,5559,5561],{"className":45,"code":5560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5562,5563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5564,5565,5567,5569,5571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5566,5477],{"class":80},[52,5568,85],{"class":84},[52,5570,3842],{"class":88},[52,5572,329],{"class":84},[20,5574,5575,5576,92],{},"The argument must be an ",[3865,5577,3842],{},[20,5579,5580],{},"Common inputs include:",[176,5582,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591],{},[179,5584,5423],{},[179,5586,5426],{},[179,5588,5429],{},[179,5590,5432],{},[179,5592,5435],{},[20,5594,5595],{},"For example:",[43,5597,5599],{"className":45,"code":5598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5600,5601,5624,5642,5662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5602,5603,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5604,81],{"class":80},[52,5606,85],{"class":84},[52,5608,5477],{"class":80},[52,5610,3103],{"class":84},[52,5612,2235],{"class":608},[52,5614,318],{"class":84},[52,5616,683],{"class":608},[52,5618,318],{"class":84},[52,5620,5621],{"class":608}," 1",[52,5623,3118],{"class":84},[52,5625,5626,5628,5630,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5627,81],{"class":80},[52,5629,85],{"class":84},[52,5631,5477],{"class":80},[52,5633,519],{"class":84},[52,5635,35],{"class":145},[52,5637,318],{"class":84},[52,5639,4028],{"class":145},[52,5641,546],{"class":84},[52,5643,5644,5646,5648,5650,5653,5655,5657,5659],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,5645,81],{"class":80},[52,5647,85],{"class":84},[52,5649,5477],{"class":80},[52,5651,5652],{"class":84},"({",[52,5654,2235],{"class":608},[52,5656,318],{"class":84},[52,5658,3111],{"class":608},[52,5660,5661],{"class":84},"}))\n",[52,5663,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676,5678],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,5665,81],{"class":80},[52,5667,85],{"class":84},[52,5669,5477],{"class":80},[52,5671,85],{"class":84},[52,5673,100],{"class":66},[52,5675,266],{"class":70},[52,5677,100],{"class":66},[52,5679,108],{"class":84},[20,5681,5682],{},"Expected output:",[43,5684,5686],{"className":45,"code":5685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5687,5688,5692,5696,5700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5689,5690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5691,146],{"class":145},[52,5693,5694],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5695,151],{"class":145},[52,5697,5698],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,5699,146],{"class":145},[52,5701,5702],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,5703,146],{"class":145},[20,5705,5706,5707,92],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[289,5708,5260],{"href":5709},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[38,5711,3851],{"id":3850},[20,5713,3854,5714,32,5717,3859],{},[3865,5715,5716],{},"truthy",[3865,5718,5719],{},"falsy",[176,5721,5722,5728],{},[179,5723,5724,3868,5726],{},[3865,5725,3867],{},[15,5727,31],{},[179,5729,5730,3868,5732],{},[3865,5731,3875],{},[15,5733,35],{},[20,5735,3880],{},[176,5737,5738,5742,5746,5750,5754,5758,5762,5766],{},[179,5739,5740],{},[15,5741,35],{},[179,5743,5744],{},[15,5745,2235],{},[179,5747,5748],{},[15,5749,3891],{},[179,5751,5752],{},[15,5753,3896],{},[179,5755,5756],{},[15,5757,3910],{},[179,5759,5760],{},[15,5761,3915],{},[179,5763,5764],{},[15,5765,3920],{},[179,5767,5768],{},[15,5769,3901],{},[20,5771,3923],{},[20,5773,5774],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[43,5776,5778],{"className":45,"code":5777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5779,5780,5794,5812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5781,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790,5792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5783,81],{"class":80},[52,5785,85],{"class":84},[52,5787,5477],{"class":80},[52,5789,3103],{"class":84},[52,5791,3106],{"class":608},[52,5793,3118],{"class":84},[52,5795,5796,5798,5800,5802,5804,5806,5808,5810],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5797,81],{"class":80},[52,5799,85],{"class":84},[52,5801,5477],{"class":80},[52,5803,3103],{"class":84},[52,5805,1888],{"class":66},[52,5807,266],{"class":70},[52,5809,1888],{"class":66},[52,5811,3118],{"class":84},[52,5813,5814,5816,5818,5820,5823,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,5815,81],{"class":80},[52,5817,85],{"class":84},[52,5819,5477],{"class":80},[52,5821,5822],{"class":84},"([[",[52,5824,3106],{"class":608},[52,5826,318],{"class":84},[52,5828,3111],{"class":608},[52,5830,318],{"class":84},[52,5832,609],{"class":608},[52,5834,5835],{"class":84},"]]))\n",[20,5837,5682],{},[43,5839,5841],{"className":45,"code":5840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5842,5843,5847,5851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5844,5845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5846,146],{"class":145},[52,5848,5849],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5850,146],{"class":145},[52,5852,5853],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,5854,146],{"class":145},[20,5856,5857],{},"And these are all falsy:",[43,5859,5861],{"className":45,"code":5860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5862,5863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5864,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5866,81],{"class":80},[52,5868,85],{"class":84},[52,5870,5477],{"class":80},[52,5872,3103],{"class":84},[52,5874,2235],{"class":608},[52,5876,318],{"class":84},[52,5878,3961],{"class":66},[52,5880,318],{"class":84},[52,5882,3974],{"class":145},[52,5884,3118],{"class":84},[20,5886,5682],{},[43,5888,5889],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5890,5891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5892,5893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5894,151],{"class":145},[20,5896,5897,5898,342,5901,92],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[289,5899,3930],{"href":5900},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[289,5902,5904,5906],{"href":5903},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5905,3936],{}," explained",[38,5908,5910],{"id":5909},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5912,5913],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[43,5915,5917],{"className":45,"code":5916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5918,5919,5939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5920,5921,5923,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5922,3946],{"class":58},[52,5924,63],{"class":62},[52,5926,3744],{"class":84},[52,5928,2235],{"class":608},[52,5930,318],{"class":84},[52,5932,3961],{"class":66},[52,5934,318],{"class":84},[52,5936,4726],{"class":608},[52,5938,3757],{"class":84},[52,5940,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,5942,81],{"class":80},[52,5944,85],{"class":84},[52,5946,5477],{"class":80},[52,5948,85],{"class":84},[52,5950,5482],{"class":88},[52,5952,108],{"class":84},[20,5954,135],{},[43,5956,5957],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5958,5959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5960,5961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5962,146],{"class":145},[20,5964,4562],{},[176,5966,5967,5972,5976],{},[179,5968,5969,5971],{},[15,5970,2235],{}," is falsy",[179,5973,5974,5971],{},[15,5975,3896],{},[179,5977,5978,5980],{},[15,5979,2252],{}," is truthy",[20,5982,5983,5984,2515,5987,92],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5985,5986],{},"any(values)",[15,5988,31],{},[20,5990,5991],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[43,5993,5995],{"className":45,"code":5994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5996,5997,6021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5998,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6000,3946],{"class":58},[52,6002,63],{"class":62},[52,6004,3744],{"class":84},[52,6006,2235],{"class":608},[52,6008,318],{"class":84},[52,6010,3961],{"class":66},[52,6012,318],{"class":84},[52,6014,3974],{"class":145},[52,6016,318],{"class":84},[52,6018,4028],{"class":145},[52,6020,3757],{"class":84},[52,6022,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6024,81],{"class":80},[52,6026,85],{"class":84},[52,6028,5477],{"class":80},[52,6030,85],{"class":84},[52,6032,5482],{"class":88},[52,6034,108],{"class":84},[20,6036,135],{},[43,6038,6039],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6040,6041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6042,6043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6044,151],{"class":145},[20,6046,6047,6048,92],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6049,35],{},[38,6051,6053],{"id":6052},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6055,6056,6058,6059,92],{},[15,6057,5307],{}," is often used with a ",[3865,6060,6061],{},"generator expression",[20,6063,6064],{},"This is a common pattern:",[43,6066,6068],{"className":45,"code":6067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6069,6070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6071,6072,6074,6076,6079,6082,6085,6087,6090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6073,5477],{"class":80},[52,6075,85],{"class":84},[52,6077,6078],{"class":88},"condition ",[52,6080,6081],{"class":761},"for",[52,6083,6084],{"class":88}," item ",[52,6086,1638],{"class":761},[52,6088,6089],{"class":88}," items",[52,6091,329],{"class":84},[20,6093,6094],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6096,6097],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[43,6099,6101],{"className":45,"code":6100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6102,6103,6130,6134,6161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6104,6105,6107,6109,6111,6113,6115,6118,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6106,3739],{"class":58},[52,6108,63],{"class":62},[52,6110,3744],{"class":84},[52,6112,2623],{"class":608},[52,6114,318],{"class":84},[52,6116,6117],{"class":608}," 7",[52,6119,318],{"class":84},[52,6121,2338],{"class":62},[52,6123,2172],{"class":608},[52,6125,318],{"class":84},[52,6127,688],{"class":608},[52,6129,3757],{"class":84},[52,6131,6132],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6133,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,6135,6136,6138,6140,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,6137,2346],{"class":58},[52,6139,63],{"class":62},[52,6141,6142],{"class":80}," any",[52,6144,85],{"class":84},[52,6146,3144],{"class":88},[52,6148,3410],{"class":62},[52,6150,683],{"class":608},[52,6152,3998],{"class":761},[52,6154,4001],{"class":88},[52,6156,1638],{"class":761},[52,6158,4384],{"class":88},[52,6160,329],{"class":84},[52,6162,6163,6165,6167,6169],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,6164,81],{"class":80},[52,6166,85],{"class":84},[52,6168,2381],{"class":88},[52,6170,329],{"class":84},[20,6172,135],{},[43,6174,6175],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6176,6177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6178,6179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6180,146],{"class":145},[20,6182,6183,6184,6187],{},"This works because ",[15,6185,6186],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[176,6189,6190,6198,6205],{},[179,6191,6192,6195,6196],{},[15,6193,6194],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6197,35],{},[179,6199,6200,6195,6203],{},[15,6201,6202],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6204,35],{},[179,6206,6207,6195,6210],{},[15,6208,6209],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6211,31],{},[20,6213,6214,6215,6217,6218,6220,6221,92],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6216,31],{}," result, ",[15,6219,5307],{}," can return ",[15,6222,31],{},[20,6224,6225],{},"Here is another example:",[43,6227,6229],{"className":45,"code":6228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6230,6231,6260,6264,6294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6232,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245,6247,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6234,4190],{"class":58},[52,6236,63],{"class":62},[52,6238,3744],{"class":84},[52,6240,100],{"class":66},[52,6242,4199],{"class":70},[52,6244,100],{"class":66},[52,6246,318],{"class":84},[52,6248,6249],{"class":66}," \"\"",[52,6251,318],{"class":84},[52,6253,67],{"class":66},[52,6255,4208],{"class":70},[52,6257,100],{"class":66},[52,6259,3757],{"class":84},[52,6261,6262],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6263,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,6265,6266,6269,6271,6273,6275,6278,6280,6282,6284,6287,6289,6292],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,6267,6268],{"class":58},"has_empty_string ",[52,6270,63],{"class":62},[52,6272,6142],{"class":80},[52,6274,85],{"class":84},[52,6276,6277],{"class":88},"word ",[52,6279,4810],{"class":62},[52,6281,6249],{"class":66},[52,6283,3998],{"class":761},[52,6285,6286],{"class":88}," word ",[52,6288,1638],{"class":761},[52,6290,6291],{"class":88}," words",[52,6293,329],{"class":84},[52,6295,6296,6298,6300,6303],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,6297,81],{"class":80},[52,6299,85],{"class":84},[52,6301,6302],{"class":88},"has_empty_string",[52,6304,329],{"class":84},[20,6306,135],{},[43,6308,6309],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6310,6311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6312,6313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6314,146],{"class":145},[20,6316,6317,6318,92],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[289,6319,6321],{"href":6320},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[38,6323,6325],{"id":6324},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6327,6328,6329,174],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6330,35],{},[43,6332,6334],{"className":45,"code":6333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6335,6336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6337,6338,6340,6342,6344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6339,81],{"class":80},[52,6341,85],{"class":84},[52,6343,5477],{"class":80},[52,6345,4549],{"class":84},[20,6347,135],{},[43,6349,6350],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6351,6352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6353,6354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6355,151],{"class":145},[20,6357,6358],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6360,6361,6362,6364],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6363,5307],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6366,6367],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[43,6369,6371],{"className":45,"code":6370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6372,6373,6383,6398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6374,6375,6377,6379,6381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6376,81],{"class":80},[52,6378,85],{"class":84},[52,6380,5477],{"class":80},[52,6382,4607],{"class":84},[52,6384,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6396],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6386,81],{"class":80},[52,6388,85],{"class":84},[52,6390,5477],{"class":80},[52,6392,85],{"class":84},[52,6394,6395],{"class":66},"\"\"",[52,6397,108],{"class":84},[52,6399,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408,6411],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,6401,81],{"class":80},[52,6403,85],{"class":84},[52,6405,5477],{"class":80},[52,6407,85],{"class":84},[52,6409,6410],{"class":1929},"set",[52,6412,6413],{"class":84},"()))\n",[20,6415,135],{},[43,6417,6419],{"className":45,"code":6418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6420,6421,6425,6429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6422,6423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6424,151],{"class":145},[52,6426,6427],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6428,151],{"class":145},[52,6430,6431],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,6432,151],{"class":145},[38,6434,6436],{"id":6435},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6438,154,6439,6441],{},[15,6440,5307],{}," when you want to:",[176,6443,6444,6447,6450],{},[179,6445,6446],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[179,6448,6449],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[179,6451,6452],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6454,6455],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[43,6457,6459],{"className":45,"code":6458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6460,6461,6486,6490,6500,6504,6517,6536,6547,6553,6558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6462,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6464,3739],{"class":58},[52,6466,63],{"class":62},[52,6468,3744],{"class":84},[52,6470,3106],{"class":608},[52,6472,318],{"class":84},[52,6474,609],{"class":608},[52,6476,318],{"class":84},[52,6478,4726],{"class":608},[52,6480,318],{"class":84},[52,6482,6483],{"class":608}," 8",[52,6485,3757],{"class":84},[52,6487,6488],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6489,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,6491,6492,6495,6497],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,6493,6494],{"class":58},"found_even ",[52,6496,63],{"class":62},[52,6498,6499],{"class":145}," False\n",[52,6501,6502],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,6503,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,6505,6506,6508,6511,6513,6515],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,6507,6081],{"class":761},[52,6509,6510],{"class":58}," number ",[52,6512,1638],{"class":761},[52,6514,4384],{"class":58},[52,6516,804],{"class":84},[52,6518,6519,6522,6524,6527,6529,6532,6534],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,6520,6521],{"class":761},"    if",[52,6523,6510],{"class":58},[52,6525,6526],{"class":62},"%",[52,6528,3111],{"class":608},[52,6530,6531],{"class":62}," ==",[52,6533,683],{"class":608},[52,6535,804],{"class":84},[52,6537,6539,6542,6544],{"class":54,"line":6538},7,[52,6540,6541],{"class":58},"        found_even ",[52,6543,63],{"class":62},[52,6545,6546],{"class":145}," True\n",[52,6548,6550],{"class":54,"line":6549},8,[52,6551,6552],{"class":761},"        break\n",[52,6554,6556],{"class":54,"line":6555},9,[52,6557,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,6559,6561,6563,6565,6568],{"class":54,"line":6560},10,[52,6562,81],{"class":80},[52,6564,85],{"class":84},[52,6566,6567],{"class":88},"found_even",[52,6569,329],{"class":84},[20,6571,6572],{},"You can write:",[43,6574,6576],{"className":45,"code":6575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6577,6578,6602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6579,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598,6600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6581,3739],{"class":58},[52,6583,63],{"class":62},[52,6585,3744],{"class":84},[52,6587,3106],{"class":608},[52,6589,318],{"class":84},[52,6591,609],{"class":608},[52,6593,318],{"class":84},[52,6595,4726],{"class":608},[52,6597,318],{"class":84},[52,6599,6483],{"class":608},[52,6601,3757],{"class":84},[52,6603,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6605,81],{"class":80},[52,6607,85],{"class":84},[52,6609,5477],{"class":80},[52,6611,85],{"class":84},[52,6613,2333],{"class":88},[52,6615,6526],{"class":62},[52,6617,3111],{"class":608},[52,6619,6531],{"class":62},[52,6621,683],{"class":608},[52,6623,3998],{"class":761},[52,6625,6510],{"class":88},[52,6627,1638],{"class":761},[52,6629,4384],{"class":88},[52,6631,108],{"class":84},[20,6633,6634,6635,6637],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6636,5307],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[38,6639,4640],{"id":4639},[20,6641,6642,6643,92],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6644,5307],{},[412,6646,6648],{"id":6647},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6650,1457],{},[43,6652,6654],{"className":45,"code":6653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6655,6656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6657,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6659,81],{"class":80},[52,6661,85],{"class":84},[52,6663,5477],{"class":80},[52,6665,85],{"class":84},[52,6667,2252],{"class":608},[52,6669,108],{"class":84},[20,6671,6672,6673,6675],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6674,2252],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6677,6678],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[43,6680,6682],{"className":45,"code":6681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6683,6684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6685,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6687,81],{"class":80},[52,6689,85],{"class":84},[52,6691,5477],{"class":80},[52,6693,3103],{"class":84},[52,6695,2252],{"class":608},[52,6697,3118],{"class":84},[412,6699,6701],{"id":6700},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6703,6704,6706,6707,6710],{},[15,6705,5307],{}," needs only ",[3865,6708,6709],{},"one"," truthy item.",[43,6712,6714],{"className":45,"code":6713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6715,6716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6717,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6719,81],{"class":80},[52,6721,85],{"class":84},[52,6723,5477],{"class":80},[52,6725,3103],{"class":84},[52,6727,35],{"class":145},[52,6729,318],{"class":84},[52,6731,4028],{"class":145},[52,6733,318],{"class":84},[52,6735,4037],{"class":145},[52,6737,3118],{"class":84},[20,6739,135],{},[43,6741,6742],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6743,6744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6745,6746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6747,146],{"class":145},[20,6749,6750,6751,6755],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[289,6752,6753],{"href":5548},[15,6754,3699],{}," instead.",[412,6757,6759],{"id":6758},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6761,6762,6763,92],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6764,6765],{},"\"True\"",[43,6767,6769],{"className":45,"code":6768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6770,6771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6772,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6774,81],{"class":80},[52,6776,85],{"class":84},[52,6778,5477],{"class":80},[52,6780,3103],{"class":84},[52,6782,100],{"class":66},[52,6784,35],{"class":70},[52,6786,100],{"class":66},[52,6788,3118],{"class":84},[20,6790,135],{},[43,6792,6793],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6794,6795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6796,6797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6798,146],{"class":145},[20,6800,6801,6802,6805],{},"That is because ",[15,6803,6804],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[412,6807,6809],{"id":6808},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6811,6812],{},"This works:",[43,6814,6816],{"className":45,"code":6815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6817,6818,6838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6819,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6821,3739],{"class":58},[52,6823,63],{"class":62},[52,6825,3744],{"class":84},[52,6827,3106],{"class":608},[52,6829,318],{"class":84},[52,6831,3111],{"class":608},[52,6833,318],{"class":84},[52,6835,609],{"class":608},[52,6837,3757],{"class":84},[52,6839,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6841,81],{"class":80},[52,6843,85],{"class":84},[52,6845,5477],{"class":80},[52,6847,3103],{"class":84},[52,6849,3144],{"class":88},[52,6851,4373],{"class":62},[52,6853,3111],{"class":608},[52,6855,3998],{"class":761},[52,6857,4001],{"class":88},[52,6859,1638],{"class":761},[52,6861,4384],{"class":88},[52,6863,3118],{"class":84},[20,6865,6866],{},"But this is usually better:",[43,6868,6870],{"className":45,"code":6869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6871,6872,6892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6873,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6875,3739],{"class":58},[52,6877,63],{"class":62},[52,6879,3744],{"class":84},[52,6881,3106],{"class":608},[52,6883,318],{"class":84},[52,6885,3111],{"class":608},[52,6887,318],{"class":84},[52,6889,609],{"class":608},[52,6891,3757],{"class":84},[52,6893,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,6895,81],{"class":80},[52,6897,85],{"class":84},[52,6899,5477],{"class":80},[52,6901,85],{"class":84},[52,6903,3144],{"class":88},[52,6905,4373],{"class":62},[52,6907,3111],{"class":608},[52,6909,3998],{"class":761},[52,6911,4001],{"class":88},[52,6913,1638],{"class":761},[52,6915,4384],{"class":88},[52,6917,108],{"class":84},[20,6919,6920],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[38,6922,1940],{"id":1939},[412,6924,6926],{"id":6925},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6928,5272,6929,6931,6932,92],{},[15,6930,31],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6933,35],{},[412,6935,6937],{"id":6936},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6939,6940,2515,6942,6944],{},[15,6941,5307],{},[15,6943,35],{}," for an empty iterable.",[412,6946,6948],{"id":6947},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6950,6951,6953,6954,6956],{},[15,6952,5307],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6955,3699],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[412,6958,6960],{"id":6959},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6962,6963],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[43,6965,6966],{"className":45,"code":6067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6967,6968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6969,6970,6972,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6971,5477],{"class":80},[52,6973,85],{"class":84},[52,6975,6078],{"class":88},[52,6977,6081],{"class":761},[52,6979,6084],{"class":88},[52,6981,1638],{"class":761},[52,6983,6089],{"class":88},[52,6985,329],{"class":84},[20,6987,5595],{},[43,6989,6990],{"className":45,"code":6869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6991,6992,7012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6993,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6995,3739],{"class":58},[52,6997,63],{"class":62},[52,6999,3744],{"class":84},[52,7001,3106],{"class":608},[52,7003,318],{"class":84},[52,7005,3111],{"class":608},[52,7007,318],{"class":84},[52,7009,609],{"class":608},[52,7011,3757],{"class":84},[52,7013,7014,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7015,81],{"class":80},[52,7017,85],{"class":84},[52,7019,5477],{"class":80},[52,7021,85],{"class":84},[52,7023,3144],{"class":88},[52,7025,4373],{"class":62},[52,7027,3111],{"class":608},[52,7029,3998],{"class":761},[52,7031,4001],{"class":88},[52,7033,1638],{"class":761},[52,7035,4384],{"class":88},[52,7037,108],{"class":84},[38,7039,2005],{"id":2004},[176,7041,7042,7048,7052,7056,7061],{},[179,7043,7044],{},[289,7045,7046,3629],{"href":5548},[15,7047,3699],{},[179,7049,7050],{},[289,7051,3930],{"href":5900},[179,7053,7054],{},[289,7055,5339],{"href":5709},[179,7057,7058],{},[289,7059,7060],{"href":6320},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[179,7062,7063],{},[289,7064,7065,3629],{"href":5903},[15,7066,3936],{},[2035,7068,7069],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":7071},[7072,7073,7074,7075,7076,7077,7078,7079,7085,7091],{"id":5498,"depth":77,"text":5499},{"id":5553,"depth":77,"text":5554},{"id":3850,"depth":77,"text":3851},{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":6052,"depth":77,"text":6053},{"id":6324,"depth":77,"text":6325},{"id":6435,"depth":77,"text":6436},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":7080},[7081,7082,7083,7084],{"id":6647,"depth":111,"text":6648},{"id":6700,"depth":111,"text":6701},{"id":6758,"depth":111,"text":6759},{"id":6808,"depth":111,"text":6809},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":7086},[7087,7088,7089,7090],{"id":6925,"depth":111,"text":6926},{"id":6936,"depth":111,"text":6937},{"id":6947,"depth":111,"text":6948},{"id":6959,"depth":111,"text":6960},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5402,"description":7092},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7098,"title":7099,"body":7100,"description":9224,"extension":2078,"meta":9225,"navigation":221,"path":9226,"seo":9227,"stem":9228,"__hash__":9229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7101,"toc":9187},[7102,7105,7114,7123,7125,7222,7224,7253,7269,7273,7278,7281,7291,7296,7302,7318,7320,7328,7335,7339,7342,7357,7362,7380,7385,7387,7435,7437,7454,7458,7464,7467,7502,7504,7610,7612,7649,7653,7661,7663,7683,7685,7805,7807,7836,7839,7862,7864,7872,7880,7884,7890,7894,7937,7939,7947,7950,7978,7980,7988,7992,8020,8022,8030,8062,8064,8072,8076,8127,8129,8137,8145,8149,8152,8204,8206,8227,8234,8238,8244,8247,8255,8277,8279,8287,8295,8318,8320,8328,8333,8338,8350,8352,8393,8404,8408,8417,8420,8423,8481,8484,8536,8539,8544,8560,8566,8568,8572,8580,8583,8605,8607,8615,8620,8623,8658,8660,8668,8672,8677,8715,8727,8730,8783,8791,8795,8798,8820,8828,8831,8872,8874,8897,8903,8909,8924,8926,8946,8949,8968,8970,8989,8993,8999,9078,9081,9095,9102,9104,9108,9115,9119,9123,9127,9132,9136,9141,9145,9152,9154,9184],[10,7103,7099],{"id":7104},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7106,2095,7107,7109,7110,32,7112,92],{},[15,7108,3936],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7111,31],{},[15,7113,35],{},[20,7115,7116,7117,7119,7120,7122],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7118,3936],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7121,733],{}," statements and other conditions.",[38,7124,3729],{"id":3728},[43,7126,7128],{"className":45,"code":7127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7129,7130,7144,7158,7172,7190,7200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7131,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7133,81],{"class":80},[52,7135,85],{"class":84},[52,7137,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7139,85],{"class":84},[52,7141,2235],{"class":608},[52,7143,108],{"class":84},[52,7145,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7147,81],{"class":80},[52,7149,85],{"class":84},[52,7151,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7153,85],{"class":84},[52,7155,3106],{"class":608},[52,7157,108],{"class":84},[52,7159,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7161,81],{"class":80},[52,7163,85],{"class":84},[52,7165,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7167,85],{"class":84},[52,7169,6395],{"class":66},[52,7171,108],{"class":84},[52,7173,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,7175,81],{"class":80},[52,7177,85],{"class":84},[52,7179,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7181,85],{"class":84},[52,7183,100],{"class":66},[52,7185,266],{"class":70},[52,7187,100],{"class":66},[52,7189,108],{"class":84},[52,7191,7192,7194,7196,7198],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,7193,81],{"class":80},[52,7195,85],{"class":84},[52,7197,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7199,4549],{"class":84},[52,7201,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218,7220],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,7203,81],{"class":80},[52,7205,85],{"class":84},[52,7207,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7209,3103],{"class":84},[52,7211,3106],{"class":608},[52,7213,318],{"class":84},[52,7215,3111],{"class":608},[52,7217,318],{"class":84},[52,7219,609],{"class":608},[52,7221,3118],{"class":84},[20,7223,5682],{},[43,7225,7227],{"className":45,"code":7226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7228,7229,7233,7237,7241,7245,7249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7230,7231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7232,151],{"class":145},[52,7234,7235],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7236,146],{"class":145},[52,7238,7239],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7240,151],{"class":145},[52,7242,7243],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,7244,146],{"class":145},[52,7246,7247],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,7248,151],{"class":145},[52,7250,7251],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,7252,146],{"class":145},[20,7254,154,7255,7258,7259,32,7261,7263,7264,7266,7267,92],{},[15,7256,7257],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7260,31],{},[15,7262,35],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7265,35],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7268,31],{},[38,7270,7272],{"id":7271},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7274,7275,7277],{},[15,7276,3936],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7279,7280],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[176,7282,7283,7287],{},[179,7284,7285],{},[15,7286,31],{},[179,7288,7289],{},[15,7290,35],{},[20,7292,7293,7294,734],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7295,733],{},[20,7297,7298,7299,7301],{},"You can also call ",[15,7300,3936],{}," with no argument:",[43,7303,7305],{"className":45,"code":7304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool())\n",[15,7306,7307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7308,7309,7311,7313,7315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7310,81],{"class":80},[52,7312,85],{"class":84},[52,7314,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7316,7317],{"class":84},"())\n",[20,7319,135],{},[43,7321,7322],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7323,7324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7325,7326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7327,151],{"class":145},[20,7329,7330,7331,92],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[289,7332,7334],{"href":7333},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[38,7336,7338],{"id":7337},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7340,7341],{},"The basic syntax is:",[43,7343,7345],{"className":45,"code":7344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bool(value)\n",[15,7346,7347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7348,7349,7351,7353,7355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7350,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7352,85],{"class":84},[52,7354,2591],{"class":88},[52,7356,329],{"class":84},[20,7358,2095,7359,7361],{},[15,7360,2591],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[176,7363,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7375,7377],{},[179,7365,3771],{},[179,7367,5432],{},[179,7369,5423],{},[179,7371,5426],{},[179,7373,7374],{},"dictionaries",[179,7376,5429],{},[179,7378,7379],{},"other objects",[20,7381,7382,7383,92],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7384,35],{},[20,7386,197],{},[43,7388,7390],{"className":45,"code":7389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7391,7392,7406,7425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7395,81],{"class":80},[52,7397,85],{"class":84},[52,7399,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7401,85],{"class":84},[52,7403,2448],{"class":608},[52,7405,108],{"class":84},[52,7407,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418,7421,7423],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7409,81],{"class":80},[52,7411,85],{"class":84},[52,7413,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7415,85],{"class":84},[52,7417,100],{"class":66},[52,7419,7420],{"class":70},"Python",[52,7422,100],{"class":66},[52,7424,108],{"class":84},[52,7426,7427,7429,7431,7433],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7428,81],{"class":80},[52,7430,85],{"class":84},[52,7432,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7434,7317],{"class":84},[20,7436,135],{},[43,7438,7440],{"className":45,"code":7439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7441,7442,7446,7450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7443,7444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7445,146],{"class":145},[52,7447,7448],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7449,146],{"class":145},[52,7451,7452],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7453,151],{"class":145},[38,7455,7457],{"id":7456},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7459,7460,7461,7463],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3865,7462,5719],{}," values.",[20,7465,7466],{},"Common examples:",[176,7468,7469,7473,7477,7481,7485,7490,7494,7498],{},[179,7470,7471],{},[15,7472,2235],{},[179,7474,7475],{},[15,7476,3891],{},[179,7478,7479],{},[15,7480,6395],{},[179,7482,7483],{},[15,7484,3910],{},[179,7486,7487],{},[15,7488,7489],{},"()",[179,7491,7492],{},[15,7493,3915],{},[179,7495,7496],{},[15,7497,3920],{},[179,7499,7500],{},[15,7501,3901],{},[20,7503,197],{},[43,7505,7507],{"className":45,"code":7506,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7508,7509,7523,7537,7551,7561,7571,7582,7596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7510,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519,7521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7512,81],{"class":80},[52,7514,85],{"class":84},[52,7516,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7518,85],{"class":84},[52,7520,2235],{"class":608},[52,7522,108],{"class":84},[52,7524,7525,7527,7529,7531,7533,7535],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7526,81],{"class":80},[52,7528,85],{"class":84},[52,7530,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7532,85],{"class":84},[52,7534,3891],{"class":608},[52,7536,108],{"class":84},[52,7538,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547,7549],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7540,81],{"class":80},[52,7542,85],{"class":84},[52,7544,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7546,85],{"class":84},[52,7548,6395],{"class":66},[52,7550,108],{"class":84},[52,7552,7553,7555,7557,7559],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,7554,81],{"class":80},[52,7556,85],{"class":84},[52,7558,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7560,4549],{"class":84},[52,7562,7563,7565,7567,7569],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,7564,81],{"class":80},[52,7566,85],{"class":84},[52,7568,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7570,4607],{"class":84},[52,7572,7573,7575,7577,7579],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,7574,81],{"class":80},[52,7576,85],{"class":84},[52,7578,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7580,7581],{"class":84},"({}))\n",[52,7583,7584,7586,7588,7590,7592,7594],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,7585,81],{"class":80},[52,7587,85],{"class":84},[52,7589,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7591,85],{"class":84},[52,7593,6410],{"class":1929},[52,7595,6413],{"class":84},[52,7597,7598,7600,7602,7604,7606,7608],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,7599,81],{"class":80},[52,7601,85],{"class":84},[52,7603,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7605,85],{"class":84},[52,7607,3901],{"class":145},[52,7609,108],{"class":84},[20,7611,135],{},[43,7613,7615],{"className":45,"code":7614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7616,7617,7621,7625,7629,7633,7637,7641,7645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7618,7619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7620,151],{"class":145},[52,7622,7623],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7624,151],{"class":145},[52,7626,7627],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7628,151],{"class":145},[52,7630,7631],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,7632,151],{"class":145},[52,7634,7635],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,7636,151],{"class":145},[52,7638,7639],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,7640,151],{"class":145},[52,7642,7643],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,7644,151],{"class":145},[52,7646,7647],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,7648,151],{"class":145},[38,7650,7652],{"id":7651},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7654,7655,7656,7658,7659,7463],{},"Many values become ",[15,7657,31],{},". These are often called ",[3865,7660,5716],{},[20,7662,7466],{},[176,7664,7665,7668,7671,7674,7677,7680],{},[179,7666,7667],{},"non-zero numbers",[179,7669,7670],{},"non-empty strings",[179,7672,7673],{},"non-empty lists",[179,7675,7676],{},"non-empty tuples",[179,7678,7679],{},"non-empty sets",[179,7681,7682],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7684,197],{},[43,7686,7688],{"className":45,"code":7687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7689,7690,7704,7720,7738,7760,7778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7691,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700,7702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7693,81],{"class":80},[52,7695,85],{"class":84},[52,7697,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7699,85],{"class":84},[52,7701,2252],{"class":608},[52,7703,108],{"class":84},[52,7705,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7707,81],{"class":80},[52,7709,85],{"class":84},[52,7711,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7713,85],{"class":84},[52,7715,2137],{"class":62},[52,7717,2172],{"class":608},[52,7719,108],{"class":84},[52,7721,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7723,81],{"class":80},[52,7725,85],{"class":84},[52,7727,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7729,85],{"class":84},[52,7731,100],{"class":66},[52,7733,266],{"class":70},[52,7735,100],{"class":66},[52,7737,108],{"class":84},[52,7739,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,7741,81],{"class":80},[52,7743,85],{"class":84},[52,7745,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7747,3103],{"class":84},[52,7749,3106],{"class":608},[52,7751,318],{"class":84},[52,7753,3111],{"class":608},[52,7755,318],{"class":84},[52,7757,609],{"class":608},[52,7759,3118],{"class":84},[52,7761,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,7763,81],{"class":80},[52,7765,85],{"class":84},[52,7767,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7769,519],{"class":84},[52,7771,3106],{"class":608},[52,7773,318],{"class":84},[52,7775,3111],{"class":608},[52,7777,546],{"class":84},[52,7779,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7801,7803],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,7781,81],{"class":80},[52,7783,85],{"class":84},[52,7785,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7787,5652],{"class":84},[52,7789,100],{"class":66},[52,7791,459],{"class":70},[52,7793,100],{"class":66},[52,7795,174],{"class":84},[52,7797,67],{"class":66},[52,7799,7800],{"class":70},"Sam",[52,7802,100],{"class":66},[52,7804,5661],{"class":84},[20,7806,135],{},[43,7808,7810],{"className":45,"code":7809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7811,7812,7816,7820,7824,7828,7832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7813,7814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7815,146],{"class":145},[52,7817,7818],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7819,146],{"class":145},[52,7821,7822],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,7823,146],{"class":145},[52,7825,7826],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,7827,146],{"class":145},[52,7829,7830],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,7831,146],{"class":145},[52,7833,7834],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,7835,146],{"class":145},[20,7837,7838],{},"One important example is this:",[43,7840,7842],{"className":45,"code":7841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7843,7844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7845,7846,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7847,81],{"class":80},[52,7849,85],{"class":84},[52,7851,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7853,85],{"class":84},[52,7855,100],{"class":66},[52,7857,35],{"class":70},[52,7859,100],{"class":66},[52,7861,108],{"class":84},[20,7863,135],{},[43,7865,7866],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7867,7868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7869,7870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7871,146],{"class":145},[20,7873,7874,7875,7877,7878,92],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7876,6804],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7879,31],{},[38,7881,7883],{"id":7882},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7885,7886,7887,7889],{},"You can use ",[15,7888,3936],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[412,7891,7893],{"id":7892},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[43,7895,7897],{"className":45,"code":7896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7898,7899,7922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7900,7901,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7915,7917,7920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7902,7903],{"class":58},"items ",[52,7905,63],{"class":62},[52,7907,3744],{"class":84},[52,7909,2448],{"class":608},[52,7911,318],{"class":84},[52,7913,7914],{"class":608}," 20",[52,7916,318],{"class":84},[52,7918,7919],{"class":608}," 30",[52,7921,3757],{"class":84},[52,7923,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932,7935],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7925,81],{"class":80},[52,7927,85],{"class":84},[52,7929,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7931,85],{"class":84},[52,7933,7934],{"class":88},"items",[52,7936,108],{"class":84},[20,7938,135],{},[43,7940,7941],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7942,7943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7944,7945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7946,146],{"class":145},[20,7948,7949],{},"With an empty list:",[43,7951,7953],{"className":45,"code":7952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7954,7955,7964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7956,7957,7959,7961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7958,7903],{"class":58},[52,7960,63],{"class":62},[52,7962,7963],{"class":84}," []\n",[52,7965,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,7967,81],{"class":80},[52,7969,85],{"class":84},[52,7971,3989],{"class":1929},[52,7973,85],{"class":84},[52,7975,7934],{"class":88},[52,7977,108],{"class":84},[20,7979,135],{},[43,7981,7982],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7983,7984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7985,7986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7987,151],{"class":145},[412,7989,7991],{"id":7990},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[43,7993,7995],{"className":45,"code":7994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7996,7997,8006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7998,7999,8001,8003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8000,441],{"class":58},[52,8002,63],{"class":62},[52,8004,8005],{"class":66}," \"\"\n",[52,8007,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8009,81],{"class":80},[52,8011,85],{"class":84},[52,8013,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8015,85],{"class":84},[52,8017,459],{"class":88},[52,8019,108],{"class":84},[20,8021,135],{},[43,8023,8024],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8025,8026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8027,8028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8029,151],{"class":145},[43,8031,8033],{"className":45,"code":8032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8034,8035,8048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8036,8037,8039,8041,8043,8046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8038,441],{"class":58},[52,8040,63],{"class":62},[52,8042,67],{"class":66},[52,8044,8045],{"class":70},"Mia",[52,8047,74],{"class":66},[52,8049,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8060],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8051,81],{"class":80},[52,8053,85],{"class":84},[52,8055,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8057,85],{"class":84},[52,8059,459],{"class":88},[52,8061,108],{"class":84},[20,8063,135],{},[43,8065,8066],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8067,8068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8069,8070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8071,146],{"class":145},[412,8073,8075],{"id":8074},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[43,8077,8079],{"className":45,"code":8078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8080,8081,8095,8112,8116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8082,8083,8086,8088,8090,8093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8084,8085],{"class":58},"username ",[52,8087,63],{"class":62},[52,8089,67],{"class":66},[52,8091,8092],{"class":70},"alex",[52,8094,74],{"class":66},[52,8096,8097,8100,8102,8105,8107,8110],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8098,8099],{"class":58},"has_name ",[52,8101,63],{"class":62},[52,8103,8104],{"class":1929}," bool",[52,8106,85],{"class":84},[52,8108,8109],{"class":88},"username",[52,8111,329],{"class":84},[52,8113,8114],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,8115,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,8117,8118,8120,8122,8125],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,8119,81],{"class":80},[52,8121,85],{"class":84},[52,8123,8124],{"class":88},"has_name",[52,8126,329],{"class":84},[20,8128,135],{},[43,8130,8131],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8132,8133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8134,8135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8136,146],{"class":145},[20,8138,8139,8140,32,8142,8144],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8141,31],{},[15,8143,35],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[412,8146,8148],{"id":8147},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8150,8151],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[43,8153,8155],{"className":45,"code":8154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8156,8157,8177,8181,8189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8158,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169,8171,8173,8175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8160,3739],{"class":58},[52,8162,63],{"class":62},[52,8164,3744],{"class":84},[52,8166,3106],{"class":608},[52,8168,318],{"class":84},[52,8170,3111],{"class":608},[52,8172,318],{"class":84},[52,8174,609],{"class":608},[52,8176,3757],{"class":84},[52,8178,8179],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8180,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,8182,8183,8185,8187],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,8184,733],{"class":761},[52,8186,4384],{"class":58},[52,8188,804],{"class":84},[52,8190,8191,8193,8195,8197,8200,8202],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,8192,784],{"class":80},[52,8194,85],{"class":84},[52,8196,100],{"class":66},[52,8198,8199],{"class":70},"The list is not empty",[52,8201,100],{"class":66},[52,8203,329],{"class":84},[20,8205,135],{},[43,8207,8209],{"className":45,"code":8208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8210,8211],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8212,8213,8215,8218,8221,8224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8214,2095],{"class":58},[52,8216,8217],{"class":1929},"list",[52,8219,8220],{"class":62}," is",[52,8222,8223],{"class":62}," not",[52,8225,8226],{"class":58}," empty\n",[20,8228,8229,8230,92],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[289,8231,8233],{"href":8232},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[38,8235,8237],{"id":8236},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8239,8240,8241,8243],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8242,3936],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8245,8246],{},"It does not do that.",[412,8248,8250,2515,8253],{"id":8249},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8251,8252],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8254,31],{},[43,8256,8257],{"className":45,"code":7841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8258,8259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8260,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271,8273,8275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8262,81],{"class":80},[52,8264,85],{"class":84},[52,8266,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8268,85],{"class":84},[52,8270,100],{"class":66},[52,8272,35],{"class":70},[52,8274,100],{"class":66},[52,8276,108],{"class":84},[20,8278,135],{},[43,8280,8281],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8282,8283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8284,8285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8286,146],{"class":145},[412,8288,8290,2515,8293],{"id":8289},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8291,8292],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8294,31],{},[43,8296,8298],{"className":45,"code":8297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8299,8300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8301,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314,8316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8303,81],{"class":80},[52,8305,85],{"class":84},[52,8307,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8309,85],{"class":84},[52,8311,100],{"class":66},[52,8313,2235],{"class":70},[52,8315,100],{"class":66},[52,8317,108],{"class":84},[20,8319,135],{},[43,8321,8322],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8323,8324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8325,8326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8327,146],{"class":145},[20,8329,8330,8331,92],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3865,8332,7670],{},[20,8334,8335,8337],{},[15,8336,3936],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8339,8340,8341,8346,8347,8349],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[289,8342,8344],{"href":8343},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8345,3075],{},", because ",[15,8348,3075],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8351,197],{},[43,8353,8355],{"className":45,"code":8354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8356,8357,8378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8358,8359,8362,8364,8367,8369,8371,8374,8376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8360,8361],{"class":58},"user_value ",[52,8363,63],{"class":62},[52,8365,8366],{"class":80}," input",[52,8368,85],{"class":84},[52,8370,100],{"class":66},[52,8372,8373],{"class":70},"Enter True or False: ",[52,8375,100],{"class":66},[52,8377,329],{"class":84},[52,8379,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388,8391],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8381,81],{"class":80},[52,8383,85],{"class":84},[52,8385,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8387,85],{"class":84},[52,8389,8390],{"class":88},"user_value",[52,8392,108],{"class":84},[20,8394,8395,8396,8398,8399,8346,8401,8403],{},"If the user types ",[15,8397,35],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8400,31],{},[15,8402,6804],{}," is not empty.",[38,8405,8407],{"id":8406},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8409,8410,8411,8413,8414,8416],{},"In many ",[15,8412,733],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8415,3936],{}," yourself.",[20,8418,8419],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8421,8422],{},"Instead of this:",[43,8424,8426],{"className":45,"code":8425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8427,8428,8449,8453,8466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8429,8430,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8431,8432],{"class":58},"my_list ",[52,8434,63],{"class":62},[52,8436,3744],{"class":84},[52,8438,3106],{"class":608},[52,8440,318],{"class":84},[52,8442,3111],{"class":608},[52,8444,318],{"class":84},[52,8446,609],{"class":608},[52,8448,3757],{"class":84},[52,8450,8451],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8452,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,8454,8455,8457,8459,8461,8464],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,8456,733],{"class":761},[52,8458,8104],{"class":1929},[52,8460,85],{"class":84},[52,8462,8463],{"class":88},"my_list",[52,8465,779],{"class":84},[52,8467,8468,8470,8472,8474,8477,8479],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,8469,784],{"class":80},[52,8471,85],{"class":84},[52,8473,100],{"class":66},[52,8475,8476],{"class":70},"List has items",[52,8478,100],{"class":66},[52,8480,329],{"class":84},[20,8482,8483],{},"You can simply write:",[43,8485,8487],{"className":45,"code":8486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8488,8489,8509,8513,8522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8490,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8492,8432],{"class":58},[52,8494,63],{"class":62},[52,8496,3744],{"class":84},[52,8498,3106],{"class":608},[52,8500,318],{"class":84},[52,8502,3111],{"class":608},[52,8504,318],{"class":84},[52,8506,609],{"class":608},[52,8508,3757],{"class":84},[52,8510,8511],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8512,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,8514,8515,8517,8520],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,8516,733],{"class":761},[52,8518,8519],{"class":58}," my_list",[52,8521,804],{"class":84},[52,8523,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532,8534],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,8525,784],{"class":80},[52,8527,85],{"class":84},[52,8529,100],{"class":66},[52,8531,8476],{"class":70},[52,8533,100],{"class":66},[52,8535,329],{"class":84},[20,8537,8538],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8540,1828,8541,8543],{},[15,8542,3936],{}," is still helpful when:",[176,8545,8546,8549,8557],{},[179,8547,8548],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[179,8550,8551,8552,32,8554,8556],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8553,31],{},[15,8555,35],{}," value",[179,8558,8559],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8561,8562,8563,92],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[289,8564,8565],{"href":2416},"Python type() function explained",[38,8567,1445],{"id":1444},[20,8569,1448,8570,92],{},[15,8571,3936],{},[412,8573,1725,8575,8577,8578],{"id":8574},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8576,8252],{}," to return ",[15,8579,35],{},[20,8581,8582],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[43,8584,8585],{"className":45,"code":7841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8586,8587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8588,8589,8591,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8590,81],{"class":80},[52,8592,85],{"class":84},[52,8594,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8596,85],{"class":84},[52,8598,100],{"class":66},[52,8600,35],{"class":70},[52,8602,100],{"class":66},[52,8604,108],{"class":84},[20,8606,135],{},[43,8608,8609],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8610,8611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8612,8613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8614,146],{"class":145},[20,8616,8617,8618,6805],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8619,6804],{},[20,8621,8622],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[43,8624,8626],{"className":45,"code":8625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8627,8628,8640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8629,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8631,2565],{"class":58},[52,8633,63],{"class":62},[52,8635,67],{"class":66},[52,8637,35],{"class":70},[52,8639,74],{"class":66},[52,8641,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8643,81],{"class":80},[52,8645,85],{"class":84},[52,8647,2565],{"class":88},[52,8649,4810],{"class":62},[52,8651,67],{"class":66},[52,8653,31],{"class":70},[52,8655,100],{"class":66},[52,8657,329],{"class":84},[20,8659,135],{},[43,8661,8662],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8663,8664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8665,8666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8667,151],{"class":145},[412,8669,8671],{"id":8670},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8673,8674,8676],{},[15,8675,3075],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[43,8678,8680],{"className":45,"code":8679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8681,8682,8701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8683,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692,8694,8697,8699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8685,2565],{"class":58},[52,8687,63],{"class":62},[52,8689,8366],{"class":80},[52,8691,85],{"class":84},[52,8693,100],{"class":66},[52,8695,8696],{"class":70},"Enter yes or no: ",[52,8698,100],{"class":66},[52,8700,329],{"class":84},[52,8702,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8704,81],{"class":80},[52,8706,85],{"class":84},[52,8708,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8710,85],{"class":84},[52,8712,2591],{"class":88},[52,8714,108],{"class":84},[20,8716,8395,8717,8720,8721,8723,8724,8403],{},[15,8718,8719],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8722,31],{}," because ",[15,8725,8726],{},"\"no\"",[20,8728,8729],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[43,8731,8733],{"className":45,"code":8732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8734,8735,8764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8736,8737,8739,8741,8743,8745,8747,8749,8751,8754,8757,8759,8761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8738,2565],{"class":58},[52,8740,63],{"class":62},[52,8742,8366],{"class":80},[52,8744,85],{"class":84},[52,8746,100],{"class":66},[52,8748,8696],{"class":70},[52,8750,100],{"class":66},[52,8752,8753],{"class":84},").",[52,8755,8756],{"class":88},"strip",[52,8758,1241],{"class":84},[52,8760,1238],{"class":88},[52,8762,8763],{"class":84},"()\n",[52,8765,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776,8779,8781],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8767,81],{"class":80},[52,8769,85],{"class":84},[52,8771,2565],{"class":88},[52,8773,4810],{"class":62},[52,8775,67],{"class":66},[52,8777,8778],{"class":70},"yes",[52,8780,100],{"class":66},[52,8782,329],{"class":84},[20,8784,8785,8786,8788,8789,92],{},"This gives ",[15,8787,31],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8790,8778],{},[412,8792,8794],{"id":8793},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8796,8797],{},"These are different:",[176,8799,8800,8804,8808,8812,8816],{},[179,8801,8802],{},[15,8803,35],{},[179,8805,8806],{},[15,8807,2235],{},[179,8809,8810],{},[15,8811,6395],{},[179,8813,8814],{},[15,8815,3910],{},[179,8817,8818],{},[15,8819,3901],{},[20,8821,8822,8823,1635,8825,8827],{},"They all become ",[15,8824,35],{},[15,8826,3936],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8829,8830],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[43,8832,8834],{"className":45,"code":8833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8835,8836,8844,8858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8837,8838,8840,8842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8839,2565],{"class":58},[52,8841,63],{"class":62},[52,8843,7963],{"class":84},[52,8845,8846,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8847,81],{"class":80},[52,8849,85],{"class":84},[52,8851,1930],{"class":1929},[52,8853,85],{"class":84},[52,8855,2591],{"class":88},[52,8857,108],{"class":84},[52,8859,8860,8862,8864,8866,8868,8870],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,8861,81],{"class":80},[52,8863,85],{"class":84},[52,8865,3989],{"class":1929},[52,8867,85],{"class":84},[52,8869,2591],{"class":88},[52,8871,108],{"class":84},[20,8873,135],{},[43,8875,8877],{"className":45,"code":8876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8878,8879,8893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8880,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8882,3410],{"class":62},[52,8884,3413],{"class":2180},[52,8886,3416],{"class":66},[52,8888,8217],{"class":70},[52,8890,1888],{"class":66},[52,8892,3423],{"class":62},[52,8894,8895],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,8896,151],{"class":145},[412,8898,1828,8900,8902],{"id":8899},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8901,3915],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8904,8905,8906,8908],{},"In Python, ",[15,8907,3915],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[43,8910,8912],{"className":45,"code":8911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8913,8914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8915,8916,8918,8920,8922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8917,81],{"class":80},[52,8919,85],{"class":84},[52,8921,1930],{"class":1929},[52,8923,7581],{"class":84},[20,8925,135],{},[43,8927,8929],{"className":45,"code":8928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8930,8931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8932,8933,8935,8937,8939,8942,8944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8934,3410],{"class":62},[52,8936,3413],{"class":2180},[52,8938,3416],{"class":66},[52,8940,8941],{"class":70},"dict",[52,8943,1888],{"class":66},[52,8945,3423],{"class":62},[20,8947,8948],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[43,8950,8952],{"className":45,"code":8951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8953,8954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8955,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8957,81],{"class":80},[52,8959,85],{"class":84},[52,8961,1930],{"class":1929},[52,8963,85],{"class":84},[52,8965,6410],{"class":1929},[52,8967,6413],{"class":84},[20,8969,135],{},[43,8971,8973],{"className":45,"code":8972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8974,8975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8976,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8978,3410],{"class":62},[52,8980,3413],{"class":2180},[52,8982,3416],{"class":66},[52,8984,6410],{"class":70},[52,8986,1888],{"class":66},[52,8988,3423],{"class":62},[38,8990,8992],{"id":8991},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8994,8995,8996,8998],{},"If ",[15,8997,3936],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[43,9000,9002],{"className":45,"code":9001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9003,9004,9018,9032,9042,9060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9005,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9007,81],{"class":80},[52,9009,85],{"class":84},[52,9011,3989],{"class":1929},[52,9013,85],{"class":84},[52,9015,2591],{"class":88},[52,9017,108],{"class":84},[52,9019,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9021,81],{"class":80},[52,9023,85],{"class":84},[52,9025,1930],{"class":1929},[52,9027,85],{"class":84},[52,9029,2591],{"class":88},[52,9031,108],{"class":84},[52,9033,9034,9036,9038,9040],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,9035,81],{"class":80},[52,9037,85],{"class":84},[52,9039,2591],{"class":88},[52,9041,329],{"class":84},[52,9043,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,9045,81],{"class":80},[52,9047,85],{"class":84},[52,9049,2565],{"class":88},[52,9051,4810],{"class":62},[52,9053,67],{"class":66},[52,9055,31],{"class":70},[52,9057,100],{"class":66},[52,9059,329],{"class":84},[52,9061,9062,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,9063,81],{"class":80},[52,9065,85],{"class":84},[52,9067,2591],{"class":88},[52,9069,92],{"class":84},[52,9071,8756],{"class":88},[52,9073,1241],{"class":84},[52,9075,1238],{"class":88},[52,9077,7317],{"class":84},[20,9079,9080],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[176,9082,9083,9086,9089,9092],{},[179,9084,9085],{},"what the value really is",[179,9087,9088],{},"whether it is a string",[179,9090,9091],{},"whether it contains spaces",[179,9093,9094],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9096,9097,9098,92],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[289,9099,9101],{"href":9100},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[38,9103,1940],{"id":1939},[412,9105,9107],{"id":9106},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9109,9110,9111,32,9113,92],{},"It returns either ",[15,9112,31],{},[15,9114,35],{},[412,9116,9118],{"id":9117},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9120,5272,9121,92],{},[15,9122,35],{},[412,9124,9126],{"id":9125},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9128,9129,9130,92],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9131,31],{},[412,9133,9135],{"id":9134},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9137,9138,9139,92],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9140,35],{},[412,9142,9144],{"id":9143},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9146,9147,9148,32,9150,3859],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9149,31],{},[15,9151,35],{},[38,9153,2005],{"id":2004},[176,9155,9156,9161,9165,9170,9174,9179],{},[179,9157,9158],{},[289,9159,9160],{"href":5900},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[179,9162,9163],{},[289,9164,8233],{"href":8232},[179,9166,9167],{},[289,9168,9169],{"href":8343},"Python input() function explained",[179,9171,9172],{},[289,9173,8565],{"href":2416},[179,9175,9176],{},[289,9177,9178],{"href":9100},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[179,9180,9181],{},[289,9182,9183],{"href":7333},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2035,9185,9186],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":9188},[9189,9190,9191,9192,9193,9194,9200,9206,9207,9215,9216,9223],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":7271,"depth":77,"text":7272},{"id":7337,"depth":77,"text":7338},{"id":7456,"depth":77,"text":7457},{"id":7651,"depth":77,"text":7652},{"id":7882,"depth":77,"text":7883,"children":9195},[9196,9197,9198,9199],{"id":7892,"depth":111,"text":7893},{"id":7990,"depth":111,"text":7991},{"id":8074,"depth":111,"text":8075},{"id":8147,"depth":111,"text":8148},{"id":8236,"depth":77,"text":8237,"children":9201},[9202,9204],{"id":8249,"depth":111,"text":9203},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8289,"depth":111,"text":9205},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8406,"depth":77,"text":8407},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":9208},[9209,9211,9212,9213],{"id":8574,"depth":111,"text":9210},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8670,"depth":111,"text":8671},{"id":8793,"depth":111,"text":8794},{"id":8899,"depth":111,"text":9214},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8991,"depth":77,"text":8992},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":9217},[9218,9219,9220,9221,9222],{"id":9106,"depth":111,"text":9107},{"id":9117,"depth":111,"text":9118},{"id":9125,"depth":111,"text":9126},{"id":9134,"depth":111,"text":9135},{"id":9143,"depth":111,"text":9144},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7099,"description":9224},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9231,"title":9232,"body":9233,"description":11427,"extension":2078,"meta":11428,"navigation":221,"path":11429,"seo":11430,"stem":11431,"__hash__":11432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9234,"toc":11389},[9235,9241,9247,9254,9259,9270,9277,9385,9389,9458,9463,9468,9473,9476,9487,9492,9495,9506,9513,9515,9520,9524,9549,9553,9562,9566,9629,9633,9666,9670,9715,9719,9756,9760,9763,9819,9823,9869,9872,9877,9916,9920,9943,9946,9960,9973,9977,9982,10049,10053,10089,10092,10100,10103,10167,10171,10203,10209,10211,10271,10278,10281,10359,10363,10396,10400,10403,10447,10451,10487,10490,10507,10510,10513,10566,10569,10580,10587,10596,10599,10657,10661,10702,10710,10718,10724,10732,10744,10749,10760,10833,10836,10848,10863,10867,10872,10876,10878,10921,10927,10930,10993,10997,11000,11009,11014,11051,11055,11058,11066,11069,11108,11112,11115,11166,11170,11191,11198,11200,11206,11233,11236,11291,11294,11305,11307,11314,11322,11328,11333,11340,11343,11350,11357,11359,11386],[10,9236,3696,9238,3700],{"id":9237},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9239,9240],{},"dict()",[20,9242,9243,9244,9246],{},"The built-in ",[15,9245,9240],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9248,9249,9250,9253],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3865,9251,9252],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9255,9256,9258],{},[15,9257,9240],{}," is commonly used to:",[176,9260,9261,9264,9267],{},[179,9262,9263],{},"create an empty dictionary",[179,9265,9266],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[179,9268,9269],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9271,9272,9273,92],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[289,9274,9276],{"href":9275},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[43,9278,9280],{"className":45,"code":9279,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9281,9282,9317,9328,9332,9370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9283,9284,9287,9289,9292,9294,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9307,9310,9312,9315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9285,9286],{"class":58},"data ",[52,9288,63],{"class":62},[52,9290,9291],{"class":1929}," dict",[52,9293,85],{"class":84},[52,9295,459],{"class":9296},"s99_P",[52,9298,63],{"class":62},[52,9300,1888],{"class":66},[52,9302,5127],{"class":70},[52,9304,1888],{"class":66},[52,9306,318],{"class":84},[52,9308,9309],{"class":9296}," age",[52,9311,63],{"class":62},[52,9313,9314],{"class":608},"25",[52,9316,329],{"class":84},[52,9318,9319,9321,9323,9326],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9320,81],{"class":80},[52,9322,85],{"class":84},[52,9324,9325],{"class":88},"data",[52,9327,329],{"class":84},[52,9329,9330],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,9331,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,9333,9334,9337,9339,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,9335,9336],{"class":58},"pairs ",[52,9338,63],{"class":62},[52,9340,9341],{"class":84}," [(",[52,9343,1888],{"class":66},[52,9345,289],{"class":70},[52,9347,1888],{"class":66},[52,9349,318],{"class":84},[52,9351,5621],{"class":608},[52,9353,9354],{"class":84},"),",[52,9356,1370],{"class":84},[52,9358,1888],{"class":66},[52,9360,4883],{"class":70},[52,9362,1888],{"class":66},[52,9364,318],{"class":84},[52,9366,3111],{"class":608},[52,9368,9369],{"class":84},")]\n",[52,9371,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9383],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,9373,81],{"class":80},[52,9375,85],{"class":84},[52,9377,8941],{"class":1929},[52,9379,85],{"class":84},[52,9381,9382],{"class":88},"pairs",[52,9384,108],{"class":84},[20,9386,9387],{},[3865,9388,135],{},[43,9390,9392],{"className":45,"code":9391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9393,9394,9430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9395,9396,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9420,9422,9424,9427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9397,9398],{"class":84},"{",[52,9400,1888],{"class":66},[52,9402,459],{"class":70},[52,9404,1888],{"class":66},[52,9406,174],{"class":84},[52,9408,3416],{"class":66},[52,9410,5127],{"class":70},[52,9412,1888],{"class":66},[52,9414,318],{"class":84},[52,9416,3416],{"class":66},[52,9418,9419],{"class":70},"age",[52,9421,1888],{"class":66},[52,9423,174],{"class":84},[52,9425,9426],{"class":608}," 25",[52,9428,9429],{"class":84},"}\n",[52,9431,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9433,9398],{"class":84},[52,9435,1888],{"class":66},[52,9437,289],{"class":70},[52,9439,1888],{"class":66},[52,9441,174],{"class":84},[52,9443,5621],{"class":608},[52,9445,318],{"class":84},[52,9447,3416],{"class":66},[52,9449,4883],{"class":70},[52,9451,1888],{"class":66},[52,9453,174],{"class":84},[52,9455,3111],{"class":608},[52,9457,9429],{"class":84},[20,9459,154,9460,9462],{},[15,9461,9240],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[38,9464,166,9466,169],{"id":9465},"what-dict-does",[15,9467,9240],{},[20,9469,9470,9472],{},[15,9471,9240],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9474,9475],{},"A dictionary:",[176,9477,9478,9481,9484],{},[179,9479,9480],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[179,9482,9483],{},"lets you look up values by key",[179,9485,9486],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9488,9489,9491],{},[15,9490,9240],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9493,9494],{},"Common uses include:",[176,9496,9497,9500,9503],{},[179,9498,9499],{},"making an empty dictionary",[179,9501,9502],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[179,9504,9505],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9507,9508,9509,92],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[289,9510,9512],{"href":9511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[38,9514,296],{"id":295},[20,9516,9517,9519],{},[15,9518,9240],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[412,9521,9523],{"id":9522},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[43,9525,9527],{"className":45,"code":9526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9528,9529,9539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9530,9531,9533,9535,9537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9532,9286],{"class":58},[52,9534,63],{"class":62},[52,9536,9291],{"class":1929},[52,9538,8763],{"class":84},[52,9540,9541,9543,9545,9547],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9542,81],{"class":80},[52,9544,85],{"class":84},[52,9546,9325],{"class":88},[52,9548,329],{"class":84},[20,9550,9551],{},[3865,9552,135],{},[43,9554,9556],{"className":45,"code":9555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n",[15,9557,9558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9559,9560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9561,9555],{"class":84},[412,9563,9565],{"id":9564},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[43,9567,9569],{"className":45,"code":9568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9570,9571,9605,9619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9572,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9574,9336],{"class":58},[52,9576,63],{"class":62},[52,9578,9341],{"class":84},[52,9580,1888],{"class":66},[52,9582,289],{"class":70},[52,9584,1888],{"class":66},[52,9586,318],{"class":84},[52,9588,5621],{"class":608},[52,9590,9354],{"class":84},[52,9592,1370],{"class":84},[52,9594,1888],{"class":66},[52,9596,4883],{"class":70},[52,9598,1888],{"class":66},[52,9600,318],{"class":84},[52,9602,3111],{"class":608},[52,9604,9369],{"class":84},[52,9606,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9608,9286],{"class":58},[52,9610,63],{"class":62},[52,9612,9291],{"class":1929},[52,9614,85],{"class":84},[52,9616,9382],{"class":88},[52,9618,329],{"class":84},[52,9620,9621,9623,9625,9627],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,9622,81],{"class":80},[52,9624,85],{"class":84},[52,9626,9325],{"class":88},[52,9628,329],{"class":84},[20,9630,9631],{},[3865,9632,135],{},[43,9634,9636],{"className":45,"code":9635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9637,9638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9639,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9641,9398],{"class":84},[52,9643,1888],{"class":66},[52,9645,289],{"class":70},[52,9647,1888],{"class":66},[52,9649,174],{"class":84},[52,9651,5621],{"class":608},[52,9653,318],{"class":84},[52,9655,3416],{"class":66},[52,9657,4883],{"class":70},[52,9659,1888],{"class":66},[52,9661,174],{"class":84},[52,9663,3111],{"class":608},[52,9665,9429],{"class":84},[412,9667,9669],{"id":9668},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[43,9671,9673],{"className":45,"code":9672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9674,9675,9705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9676,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9678,9286],{"class":58},[52,9680,63],{"class":62},[52,9682,9291],{"class":1929},[52,9684,85],{"class":84},[52,9686,459],{"class":9296},[52,9688,63],{"class":62},[52,9690,1888],{"class":66},[52,9692,5127],{"class":70},[52,9694,1888],{"class":66},[52,9696,318],{"class":84},[52,9698,9309],{"class":9296},[52,9700,63],{"class":62},[52,9702,9314],{"class":608},[52,9704,329],{"class":84},[52,9706,9707,9709,9711,9713],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9708,81],{"class":80},[52,9710,85],{"class":84},[52,9712,9325],{"class":88},[52,9714,329],{"class":84},[20,9716,9717],{},[3865,9718,135],{},[43,9720,9722],{"className":45,"code":9721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9723,9724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9725,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9727,9398],{"class":84},[52,9729,1888],{"class":66},[52,9731,459],{"class":70},[52,9733,1888],{"class":66},[52,9735,174],{"class":84},[52,9737,3416],{"class":66},[52,9739,5127],{"class":70},[52,9741,1888],{"class":66},[52,9743,318],{"class":84},[52,9745,3416],{"class":66},[52,9747,9419],{"class":70},[52,9749,1888],{"class":66},[52,9751,174],{"class":84},[52,9753,9426],{"class":608},[52,9755,9429],{"class":84},[412,9757,9759],{"id":9758},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9761,9762],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[43,9764,9766],{"className":45,"code":9765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9767,9768,9809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9769,9770,9772,9774,9776,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9803,9805,9807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9771,9286],{"class":58},[52,9773,63],{"class":62},[52,9775,9291],{"class":1929},[52,9777,9778],{"class":84},"([(",[52,9780,1888],{"class":66},[52,9782,289],{"class":70},[52,9784,1888],{"class":66},[52,9786,318],{"class":84},[52,9788,5621],{"class":608},[52,9790,9791],{"class":84},")],",[52,9793,2678],{"class":9296},[52,9795,63],{"class":62},[52,9797,2172],{"class":608},[52,9799,318],{"class":84},[52,9801,9802],{"class":9296}," c",[52,9804,63],{"class":62},[52,9806,627],{"class":608},[52,9808,329],{"class":84},[52,9810,9811,9813,9815,9817],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9812,81],{"class":80},[52,9814,85],{"class":84},[52,9816,9325],{"class":88},[52,9818,329],{"class":84},[20,9820,9821],{},[3865,9822,135],{},[43,9824,9826],{"className":45,"code":9825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9827,9828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9829,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9861,9863,9865,9867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9831,9398],{"class":84},[52,9833,1888],{"class":66},[52,9835,289],{"class":70},[52,9837,1888],{"class":66},[52,9839,174],{"class":84},[52,9841,5621],{"class":608},[52,9843,318],{"class":84},[52,9845,3416],{"class":66},[52,9847,4883],{"class":70},[52,9849,1888],{"class":66},[52,9851,174],{"class":84},[52,9853,3111],{"class":608},[52,9855,318],{"class":84},[52,9857,3416],{"class":66},[52,9859,9860],{"class":70},"c",[52,9862,1888],{"class":66},[52,9864,174],{"class":84},[52,9866,609],{"class":608},[52,9868,9429],{"class":84},[38,9870,9523],{"id":9871},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9873,154,9874,9876],{},[15,9875,9240],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[43,9878,9880],{"className":45,"code":9879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9881,9882,9892,9906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9883,9884,9886,9888,9890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9885,9286],{"class":58},[52,9887,63],{"class":62},[52,9889,9291],{"class":1929},[52,9891,8763],{"class":84},[52,9893,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9895,81],{"class":80},[52,9897,85],{"class":84},[52,9899,1930],{"class":1929},[52,9901,85],{"class":84},[52,9903,9325],{"class":88},[52,9905,108],{"class":84},[52,9907,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,9909,81],{"class":80},[52,9911,85],{"class":84},[52,9913,9325],{"class":88},[52,9915,329],{"class":84},[20,9917,9918],{},[3865,9919,135],{},[43,9921,9923],{"className":45,"code":9922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9924,9925,9939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9926,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9928,3410],{"class":62},[52,9930,3413],{"class":2180},[52,9932,3416],{"class":66},[52,9934,8941],{"class":70},[52,9936,1888],{"class":66},[52,9938,3423],{"class":62},[52,9940,9941],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,9942,9555],{"class":84},[20,9944,9945],{},"This gives the same result as:",[43,9947,9949],{"className":45,"code":9948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n",[15,9950,9951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9952,9953,9955,9957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9954,9286],{"class":58},[52,9956,63],{"class":62},[52,9958,9959],{"class":84}," {}\n",[20,9961,9962,9963,9965,9966,9969,9970,9972],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9964,3915],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9967,9968],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9971,9240],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[38,9974,9976],{"id":9975},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9978,9979,9980,92],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9981,9240],{},[43,9983,9985],{"className":45,"code":9984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9986,9987,10025,10039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9988,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9990,9336],{"class":58},[52,9992,63],{"class":62},[52,9994,9341],{"class":84},[52,9996,1888],{"class":66},[52,9998,459],{"class":70},[52,10000,1888],{"class":66},[52,10002,318],{"class":84},[52,10004,3416],{"class":66},[52,10006,5127],{"class":70},[52,10008,1888],{"class":66},[52,10010,9354],{"class":84},[52,10012,1370],{"class":84},[52,10014,1888],{"class":66},[52,10016,9419],{"class":70},[52,10018,1888],{"class":66},[52,10020,318],{"class":84},[52,10022,9426],{"class":608},[52,10024,9369],{"class":84},[52,10026,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10028,9286],{"class":58},[52,10030,63],{"class":62},[52,10032,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10034,85],{"class":84},[52,10036,9382],{"class":88},[52,10038,329],{"class":84},[52,10040,10041,10043,10045,10047],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,10042,81],{"class":80},[52,10044,85],{"class":84},[52,10046,9325],{"class":88},[52,10048,329],{"class":84},[20,10050,10051],{},[3865,10052,135],{},[43,10054,10055],{"className":45,"code":9721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10056,10057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10058,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085,10087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10060,9398],{"class":84},[52,10062,1888],{"class":66},[52,10064,459],{"class":70},[52,10066,1888],{"class":66},[52,10068,174],{"class":84},[52,10070,3416],{"class":66},[52,10072,5127],{"class":70},[52,10074,1888],{"class":66},[52,10076,318],{"class":84},[52,10078,3416],{"class":66},[52,10080,9419],{"class":70},[52,10082,1888],{"class":66},[52,10084,174],{"class":84},[52,10086,9426],{"class":608},[52,10088,9429],{"class":84},[20,10090,10091],{},"Each pair becomes:",[176,10093,10094,10097],{},[179,10095,10096],{},"the first item as the key",[179,10098,10099],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10101,10102],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[43,10104,10106],{"className":45,"code":10105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10107,10108,10143,10157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10109,10110,10112,10114,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10111,9336],{"class":58},[52,10113,63],{"class":62},[52,10115,10116],{"class":84}," ((",[52,10118,1888],{"class":66},[52,10120,289],{"class":70},[52,10122,1888],{"class":66},[52,10124,318],{"class":84},[52,10126,5621],{"class":608},[52,10128,9354],{"class":84},[52,10130,1370],{"class":84},[52,10132,1888],{"class":66},[52,10134,4883],{"class":70},[52,10136,1888],{"class":66},[52,10138,318],{"class":84},[52,10140,3111],{"class":608},[52,10142,108],{"class":84},[52,10144,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10146,9286],{"class":58},[52,10148,63],{"class":62},[52,10150,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10152,85],{"class":84},[52,10154,9382],{"class":88},[52,10156,329],{"class":84},[52,10158,10159,10161,10163,10165],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,10160,81],{"class":80},[52,10162,85],{"class":84},[52,10164,9325],{"class":88},[52,10166,329],{"class":84},[20,10168,10169],{},[3865,10170,135],{},[43,10172,10173],{"className":45,"code":9635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10174,10175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10176,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10178,9398],{"class":84},[52,10180,1888],{"class":66},[52,10182,289],{"class":70},[52,10184,1888],{"class":66},[52,10186,174],{"class":84},[52,10188,5621],{"class":608},[52,10190,318],{"class":84},[52,10192,3416],{"class":66},[52,10194,4883],{"class":70},[52,10196,1888],{"class":66},[52,10198,174],{"class":84},[52,10200,3111],{"class":608},[52,10202,9429],{"class":84},[20,10204,10205,10206,92],{},"Each item must contain ",[3865,10207,10208],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10210,2955],{},[43,10212,10214],{"className":45,"code":10213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10215,10216,10256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10217,10218,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10219,10220],{"class":58},"bad_data ",[52,10222,63],{"class":62},[52,10224,9341],{"class":84},[52,10226,1888],{"class":66},[52,10228,289],{"class":70},[52,10230,1888],{"class":66},[52,10232,318],{"class":84},[52,10234,5621],{"class":608},[52,10236,318],{"class":84},[52,10238,10239],{"class":608}," 100",[52,10241,9354],{"class":84},[52,10243,1370],{"class":84},[52,10245,1888],{"class":66},[52,10247,4883],{"class":70},[52,10249,1888],{"class":66},[52,10251,318],{"class":84},[52,10253,3111],{"class":608},[52,10255,9369],{"class":84},[52,10257,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10269],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10259,2346],{"class":58},[52,10261,63],{"class":62},[52,10263,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10265,85],{"class":84},[52,10267,10268],{"class":88},"bad_data",[52,10270,329],{"class":84},[20,10272,10273,10274,10277],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10275,10276],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10279,10280],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[43,10282,10284],{"className":45,"code":10283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10285,10286,10335,10349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10289,9336],{"class":58},[52,10291,63],{"class":62},[52,10293,9341],{"class":84},[52,10295,1888],{"class":66},[52,10297,289],{"class":70},[52,10299,1888],{"class":66},[52,10301,318],{"class":84},[52,10303,5621],{"class":608},[52,10305,9354],{"class":84},[52,10307,1370],{"class":84},[52,10309,1888],{"class":66},[52,10311,289],{"class":70},[52,10313,1888],{"class":66},[52,10315,318],{"class":84},[52,10317,10318],{"class":608}," 99",[52,10320,9354],{"class":84},[52,10322,1370],{"class":84},[52,10324,1888],{"class":66},[52,10326,4883],{"class":70},[52,10328,1888],{"class":66},[52,10330,318],{"class":84},[52,10332,3111],{"class":608},[52,10334,9369],{"class":84},[52,10336,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10338,9286],{"class":58},[52,10340,63],{"class":62},[52,10342,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10344,85],{"class":84},[52,10346,9382],{"class":88},[52,10348,329],{"class":84},[52,10350,10351,10353,10355,10357],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,10352,81],{"class":80},[52,10354,85],{"class":84},[52,10356,9325],{"class":88},[52,10358,329],{"class":84},[20,10360,10361],{},[3865,10362,135],{},[43,10364,10366],{"className":45,"code":10365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10367,10368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10369,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10371,9398],{"class":84},[52,10373,1888],{"class":66},[52,10375,289],{"class":70},[52,10377,1888],{"class":66},[52,10379,174],{"class":84},[52,10381,10318],{"class":608},[52,10383,318],{"class":84},[52,10385,3416],{"class":66},[52,10387,4883],{"class":70},[52,10389,1888],{"class":66},[52,10391,174],{"class":84},[52,10393,3111],{"class":608},[52,10395,9429],{"class":84},[38,10397,10399],{"id":10398},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10401,10402],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[43,10404,10405],{"className":45,"code":9672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10406,10407,10437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10408,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10410,9286],{"class":58},[52,10412,63],{"class":62},[52,10414,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10416,85],{"class":84},[52,10418,459],{"class":9296},[52,10420,63],{"class":62},[52,10422,1888],{"class":66},[52,10424,5127],{"class":70},[52,10426,1888],{"class":66},[52,10428,318],{"class":84},[52,10430,9309],{"class":9296},[52,10432,63],{"class":62},[52,10434,9314],{"class":608},[52,10436,329],{"class":84},[52,10438,10439,10441,10443,10445],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10440,81],{"class":80},[52,10442,85],{"class":84},[52,10444,9325],{"class":88},[52,10446,329],{"class":84},[20,10448,10449],{},[3865,10450,135],{},[43,10452,10453],{"className":45,"code":9721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10454,10455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10456,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10458,9398],{"class":84},[52,10460,1888],{"class":66},[52,10462,459],{"class":70},[52,10464,1888],{"class":66},[52,10466,174],{"class":84},[52,10468,3416],{"class":66},[52,10470,5127],{"class":70},[52,10472,1888],{"class":66},[52,10474,318],{"class":84},[52,10476,3416],{"class":66},[52,10478,9419],{"class":70},[52,10480,1888],{"class":66},[52,10482,174],{"class":84},[52,10484,9426],{"class":608},[52,10486,9429],{"class":84},[20,10488,10489],{},"In this form:",[176,10491,10492,10500],{},[179,10493,10494,10496,10497],{},[15,10495,459],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10498,10499],{},"'name'",[179,10501,10502,10496,10504],{},[15,10503,9419],{},[15,10505,10506],{},"'age'",[20,10508,10509],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10511,10512],{},"Valid examples:",[43,10514,10516],{"className":45,"code":10515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10517,10518,10556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10519,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10531,10533,10535,10538,10540,10542,10545,10547,10549,10552,10554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10521,9286],{"class":58},[52,10523,63],{"class":62},[52,10525,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10527,85],{"class":84},[52,10529,10530],{"class":9296},"city",[52,10532,63],{"class":62},[52,10534,1888],{"class":66},[52,10536,10537],{"class":70},"Paris",[52,10539,1888],{"class":66},[52,10541,318],{"class":84},[52,10543,10544],{"class":9296}," country",[52,10546,63],{"class":62},[52,10548,1888],{"class":66},[52,10550,10551],{"class":70},"France",[52,10553,1888],{"class":66},[52,10555,329],{"class":84},[52,10557,10558,10560,10562,10564],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10559,81],{"class":80},[52,10561,85],{"class":84},[52,10563,9325],{"class":88},[52,10565,329],{"class":84},[20,10567,10568],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[176,10570,10571,10574,10577],{},[179,10572,10573],{},"spaces",[179,10575,10576],{},"hyphens",[179,10578,10579],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10581,10582,10583,10586],{},"For example, this is ",[3865,10584,10585],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[43,10588,10590],{"className":45,"code":10589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10591,10592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10593,10594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10595,10589],{"class":1479},[20,10597,10598],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[43,10600,10602],{"className":45,"code":10601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10603,10604,10647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10605,10606,10608,10610,10613,10615,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10607,9286],{"class":58},[52,10609,63],{"class":62},[52,10611,10612],{"class":84}," {",[52,10614,1888],{"class":66},[52,10616,10617],{"class":70},"first-name",[52,10619,1888],{"class":66},[52,10621,174],{"class":84},[52,10623,3416],{"class":66},[52,10625,7800],{"class":70},[52,10627,1888],{"class":66},[52,10629,318],{"class":84},[52,10631,3416],{"class":66},[52,10633,10634],{"class":70},"first name",[52,10636,1888],{"class":66},[52,10638,174],{"class":84},[52,10640,3416],{"class":66},[52,10642,7800],{"class":70},[52,10644,1888],{"class":66},[52,10646,9429],{"class":84},[52,10648,10649,10651,10653,10655],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10650,81],{"class":80},[52,10652,85],{"class":84},[52,10654,9325],{"class":88},[52,10656,329],{"class":84},[20,10658,10659],{},[3865,10660,135],{},[43,10662,10664],{"className":45,"code":10663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10665,10666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10667,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696,10698,10700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10669,9398],{"class":84},[52,10671,1888],{"class":66},[52,10673,10617],{"class":70},[52,10675,1888],{"class":66},[52,10677,174],{"class":84},[52,10679,3416],{"class":66},[52,10681,7800],{"class":70},[52,10683,1888],{"class":66},[52,10685,318],{"class":84},[52,10687,3416],{"class":66},[52,10689,10634],{"class":70},[52,10691,1888],{"class":66},[52,10693,174],{"class":84},[52,10695,3416],{"class":66},[52,10697,7800],{"class":70},[52,10699,1888],{"class":66},[52,10701,9429],{"class":84},[38,10703,10705,10707,10708],{"id":10704},"dict-vs",[15,10706,9240],{}," vs ",[15,10709,3915],{},[20,10711,10712,10713,342,10715,10717],{},"Both ",[15,10714,9240],{},[15,10716,3915],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[412,10719,154,10721,10723],{"id":10720},"use-when",[15,10722,3915],{}," when:",[176,10725,10726,10729],{},[179,10727,10728],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[179,10730,10731],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[43,10733,10734],{"className":45,"code":9948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10735,10736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10737,10738,10740,10742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10739,9286],{"class":58},[52,10741,63],{"class":62},[52,10743,9959],{"class":84},[412,10745,154,10747,10723],{"id":10746},"use-dict-when",[15,10748,9240],{},[176,10750,10751,10754,10757],{},[179,10752,10753],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[179,10755,10756],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[179,10758,10759],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[43,10761,10763],{"className":45,"code":10762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10764,10765,10802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10766,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10768,9286],{"class":58},[52,10770,63],{"class":62},[52,10772,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10774,9778],{"class":84},[52,10776,1888],{"class":66},[52,10778,289],{"class":70},[52,10780,1888],{"class":66},[52,10782,318],{"class":84},[52,10784,5621],{"class":608},[52,10786,9354],{"class":84},[52,10788,1370],{"class":84},[52,10790,1888],{"class":66},[52,10792,4883],{"class":70},[52,10794,1888],{"class":66},[52,10796,318],{"class":84},[52,10798,3111],{"class":608},[52,10800,10801],{"class":84},")])\n",[52,10803,10804,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10805,10806],{"class":58},"info ",[52,10808,63],{"class":62},[52,10810,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10812,85],{"class":84},[52,10814,459],{"class":9296},[52,10816,63],{"class":62},[52,10818,1888],{"class":66},[52,10820,5127],{"class":70},[52,10822,1888],{"class":66},[52,10824,318],{"class":84},[52,10826,9309],{"class":9296},[52,10828,63],{"class":62},[52,10830,9314],{"class":608},[52,10832,329],{"class":84},[20,10834,10835],{},"So:",[176,10837,10838,10843],{},[179,10839,10840,10842],{},[15,10841,3915],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[179,10844,10845,10847],{},[15,10846,9240],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10849,10850,10851,10855,10856,92],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[289,10852,10854],{"href":10853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[289,10857,10859,10860,1441],{"href":10858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10861,10862],{},"get()",[38,10864,10866],{"id":10865},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10868,10869,10870,92],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10871,9240],{},[412,10873,10875],{"id":10874},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10877,1457],{},[43,10879,10881],{"className":45,"code":10880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10882,10883,10907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10884,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10886,7903],{"class":58},[52,10888,63],{"class":62},[52,10890,3744],{"class":84},[52,10892,1888],{"class":66},[52,10894,289],{"class":70},[52,10896,1888],{"class":66},[52,10898,318],{"class":84},[52,10900,3416],{"class":66},[52,10902,4883],{"class":70},[52,10904,1888],{"class":66},[52,10906,3757],{"class":84},[52,10908,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10910,9286],{"class":58},[52,10912,63],{"class":62},[52,10914,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10916,85],{"class":84},[52,10918,7934],{"class":88},[52,10920,329],{"class":84},[20,10922,10923,10924,92],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10925,10926],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10928,10929],{},"Correct version:",[43,10931,10933],{"className":45,"code":10932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10934,10935,10969,10983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10936,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10938,7903],{"class":58},[52,10940,63],{"class":62},[52,10942,9341],{"class":84},[52,10944,1888],{"class":66},[52,10946,289],{"class":70},[52,10948,1888],{"class":66},[52,10950,318],{"class":84},[52,10952,5621],{"class":608},[52,10954,9354],{"class":84},[52,10956,1370],{"class":84},[52,10958,1888],{"class":66},[52,10960,4883],{"class":70},[52,10962,1888],{"class":66},[52,10964,318],{"class":84},[52,10966,3111],{"class":608},[52,10968,9369],{"class":84},[52,10970,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,10972,9286],{"class":58},[52,10974,63],{"class":62},[52,10976,9291],{"class":1929},[52,10978,85],{"class":84},[52,10980,7934],{"class":88},[52,10982,329],{"class":84},[52,10984,10985,10987,10989,10991],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,10986,81],{"class":80},[52,10988,85],{"class":84},[52,10990,9325],{"class":88},[52,10992,329],{"class":84},[412,10994,10996],{"id":10995},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10998,10999],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[43,11001,11003],{"className":45,"code":11002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11004,11005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11006,11007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11008,11002],{"class":1479},[20,11010,11011,11012,174],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11013,63],{},[43,11015,11017],{"className":45,"code":11016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11018,11019,11041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11020,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11022,9286],{"class":58},[52,11024,63],{"class":62},[52,11026,9291],{"class":1929},[52,11028,85],{"class":84},[52,11030,459],{"class":9296},[52,11032,63],{"class":62},[52,11034,1888],{"class":66},[52,11036,5127],{"class":70},[52,11038,1888],{"class":66},[52,11040,329],{"class":84},[52,11042,11043,11045,11047,11049],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11044,81],{"class":80},[52,11046,85],{"class":84},[52,11048,9325],{"class":88},[52,11050,329],{"class":84},[412,11052,11054],{"id":11053},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11056,11057],{},"This will not work:",[43,11059,11060],{"className":45,"code":10589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11061,11062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11063,11064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11065,10589],{"class":1479},[20,11067,11068],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[43,11070,11072],{"className":45,"code":11071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11073,11074,11098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11075,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11077,9286],{"class":58},[52,11079,63],{"class":62},[52,11081,10612],{"class":84},[52,11083,1888],{"class":66},[52,11085,10617],{"class":70},[52,11087,1888],{"class":66},[52,11089,174],{"class":84},[52,11091,3416],{"class":66},[52,11093,7800],{"class":70},[52,11095,1888],{"class":66},[52,11097,9429],{"class":84},[52,11099,11100,11102,11104,11106],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11101,81],{"class":80},[52,11103,85],{"class":84},[52,11105,9325],{"class":88},[52,11107,329],{"class":84},[412,11109,11111],{"id":11110},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11113,11114],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[43,11116,11118],{"className":45,"code":11117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11119,11120,11156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11121,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11123,9286],{"class":58},[52,11125,63],{"class":62},[52,11127,9291],{"class":1929},[52,11129,9778],{"class":84},[52,11131,1888],{"class":66},[52,11133,2289],{"class":70},[52,11135,1888],{"class":66},[52,11137,318],{"class":84},[52,11139,5621],{"class":608},[52,11141,9354],{"class":84},[52,11143,1370],{"class":84},[52,11145,1888],{"class":66},[52,11147,2289],{"class":70},[52,11149,1888],{"class":66},[52,11151,318],{"class":84},[52,11153,3111],{"class":608},[52,11155,10801],{"class":84},[52,11157,11158,11160,11162,11164],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11159,81],{"class":80},[52,11161,85],{"class":84},[52,11163,9325],{"class":88},[52,11165,329],{"class":84},[20,11167,11168],{},[3865,11169,135],{},[43,11171,11173],{"className":45,"code":11172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11174,11175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11176,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11178,9398],{"class":84},[52,11180,1888],{"class":66},[52,11182,2289],{"class":70},[52,11184,1888],{"class":66},[52,11186,174],{"class":84},[52,11188,3111],{"class":608},[52,11190,9429],{"class":84},[20,11192,11193,11194,92],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[289,11195,11197],{"href":11196},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[38,11199,1445],{"id":1444},[20,11201,11202,11203,11205],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11204,9240],{}," include:",[176,11207,11208,11218,11224,11227],{},[179,11209,11210,11211,11214,11215],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11212,11213],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11216,11217],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[179,11219,11220,11221],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11222,11223],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[179,11225,11226],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[179,11228,11229,11230,11232],{},"confusing ",[15,11231,9240],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11234,11235],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,11237,11239],{"className":45,"code":11238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11240,11241,11255,11265,11276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11242,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11244,81],{"class":80},[52,11246,85],{"class":84},[52,11248,1930],{"class":1929},[52,11250,85],{"class":84},[52,11252,9325],{"class":88},[52,11254,108],{"class":84},[52,11256,11257,11259,11261,11263],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11258,81],{"class":80},[52,11260,85],{"class":84},[52,11262,9325],{"class":88},[52,11264,329],{"class":84},[52,11266,11267,11269,11271,11274],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,11268,81],{"class":80},[52,11270,85],{"class":84},[52,11272,11273],{"class":88},"list_of_pairs",[52,11275,329],{"class":84},[52,11277,11278,11280,11282,11285,11287,11289],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,11279,81],{"class":80},[52,11281,85],{"class":84},[52,11283,11284],{"class":80},"len",[52,11286,85],{"class":84},[52,11288,11273],{"class":88},[52,11290,108],{"class":84},[20,11292,11293],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[176,11295,11296,11299,11302],{},[179,11297,11298],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[179,11300,11301],{},"what data is being passed in",[179,11303,11304],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[38,11306,1940],{"id":1939},[412,11308,1987,11310,342,11312,1993],{"id":11309},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11311,9240],{},[15,11313,3915],{},[20,11315,11316,11318,11319,11321],{},[15,11317,3915],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11320,9240],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[412,11323,1958,11325,11327],{"id":11324},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11326,9240],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11329,11330,11331,92],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11332,11217],{},[412,11334,5282,11336,11339],{"id":11335},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11337,11338],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11341,11342],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[412,11344,11346,11347,11349],{"id":11345},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11348,9240],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11351,11352,11353,11356],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11354,11355],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[38,11358,2005],{"id":2004},[176,11360,11361,11366,11370,11375,11381],{},[179,11362,11363],{},[289,11364,11365],{"href":9511},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[179,11367,11368],{},[289,11369,9276],{"href":9275},[179,11371,11372],{},[289,11373,11374],{"href":10853},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[179,11376,11377],{},[289,11378,10859,11379,1441],{"href":10858},[15,11380,10862],{},[179,11382,11383],{},[289,11384,11385],{"href":11196},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2035,11387,11388],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":11390},[11391,11393,11399,11400,11401,11402,11409,11415,11416,11426],{"id":9465,"depth":77,"text":11392},"What dict() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":11394},[11395,11396,11397,11398],{"id":9522,"depth":111,"text":9523},{"id":9564,"depth":111,"text":9565},{"id":9668,"depth":111,"text":9669},{"id":9758,"depth":111,"text":9759},{"id":9871,"depth":77,"text":9523},{"id":9975,"depth":77,"text":9976},{"id":10398,"depth":77,"text":10399},{"id":10704,"depth":77,"text":11403,"children":11404},"dict() vs {}",[11405,11407],{"id":10720,"depth":111,"text":11406},"Use {} when:",{"id":10746,"depth":111,"text":11408},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10865,"depth":77,"text":10866,"children":11410},[11411,11412,11413,11414],{"id":10874,"depth":111,"text":10875},{"id":10995,"depth":111,"text":10996},{"id":11053,"depth":111,"text":11054},{"id":11110,"depth":111,"text":11111},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":11417},[11418,11420,11422,11424],{"id":11309,"depth":111,"text":11419},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11324,"depth":111,"text":11421},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11335,"depth":111,"text":11423},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11345,"depth":111,"text":11425},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9232,"description":11427},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11434,"title":11435,"body":11436,"description":12944,"extension":2078,"meta":12945,"navigation":221,"path":12946,"seo":12947,"stem":12948,"__hash__":12949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11437,"toc":12913},[11438,11445,11451,11458,11460,11521,11526,11531,11536,11553,11556,11560,11562,11578,11581,11594,11598,11601,11735,11737,11804,11807,11823,11829,11835,11838,11920,11922,11936,11940,11946,12011,12013,12021,12024,12047,12053,12116,12122,12125,12139,12152,12156,12167,12172,12183,12190,12194,12200,12321,12323,12349,12352,12369,12372,12483,12485,12534,12536,12549,12558,12563,12568,12579,12581,12684,12707,12709,12713,12732,12735,12793,12796,12822,12824,12830,12833,12839,12843,12850,12858,12864,12867,12869,12910],[10,11439,11441,11442,18],{"id":11440},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11443,11444],{},"clear()",[20,11446,11447,11450],{},[15,11448,11449],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11452,11453,11454,11457],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3865,11455,11456],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[38,11459,41],{"id":40},[43,11461,11463],{"className":45,"code":11462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11464,11465,11497,11508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11466,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11468,9286],{"class":58},[52,11470,63],{"class":62},[52,11472,10612],{"class":84},[52,11474,100],{"class":66},[52,11476,289],{"class":70},[52,11478,100],{"class":66},[52,11480,174],{"class":84},[52,11482,5621],{"class":608},[52,11484,318],{"class":84},[52,11486,67],{"class":66},[52,11488,4883],{"class":70},[52,11490,100],{"class":66},[52,11492,174],{"class":84},[52,11494,3111],{"class":608},[52,11496,9429],{"class":84},[52,11498,11499,11501,11503,11506],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11500,9325],{"class":58},[52,11502,92],{"class":84},[52,11504,11505],{"class":88},"clear",[52,11507,8763],{"class":84},[52,11509,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,11511,81],{"class":80},[52,11513,85],{"class":84},[52,11515,9325],{"class":88},[52,11517,3784],{"class":84},[52,11519,11520],{"class":1479},"  # {}\n",[20,11522,11523,11525],{},[15,11524,11444],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[38,11527,166,11529,169],{"id":11528},"what-clear-does",[15,11530,11444],{},[20,11532,2095,11533,11535],{},[15,11534,11444],{}," method:",[176,11537,11538,11541,11544,11548],{},[179,11539,11540],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[179,11542,11543],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[179,11545,184,11546],{},[15,11547,3901],{},[179,11549,11550,11551],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11552,3915],{},[20,11554,11555],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11557,9272,11558,92],{},[289,11559,9276],{"href":9275},[38,11561,296],{"id":295},[43,11563,11565],{"className":45,"code":11564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11566,11567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11568,11569,11572,11574,11576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11570,11571],{"class":58},"my_dict",[52,11573,92],{"class":84},[52,11575,11505],{"class":88},[52,11577,8763],{"class":84},[20,11579,11580],{},"Important points:",[176,11582,11583,11588,11591],{},[179,11584,11585,11587],{},[15,11586,11444],{}," takes no arguments",[179,11589,11590],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[179,11592,11593],{},"It empties that dictionary",[38,11595,11597],{"id":11596},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11599,11600],{},"Here is a basic example:",[43,11602,11604],{"className":45,"code":11603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11605,11606,11616,11637,11651,11668,11672,11676,11696,11700,11711,11715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11607,11608,11611,11613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11609,11610],{"class":58},"user ",[52,11612,63],{"class":62},[52,11614,11615],{"class":84}," {\n",[52,11617,11618,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11632,11634],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11619,11620],{"class":66},"    \"",[52,11622,459],{"class":70},[52,11624,100],{"class":66},[52,11626,174],{"class":84},[52,11628,67],{"class":66},[52,11630,11631],{"class":70},"Maya",[52,11633,100],{"class":66},[52,11635,11636],{"class":84},",\n",[52,11638,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,11640,11620],{"class":66},[52,11642,9419],{"class":70},[52,11644,100],{"class":66},[52,11646,174],{"class":84},[52,11648,9426],{"class":608},[52,11650,11636],{"class":84},[52,11652,11653,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663,11666],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,11654,11620],{"class":66},[52,11656,10530],{"class":70},[52,11658,100],{"class":66},[52,11660,174],{"class":84},[52,11662,67],{"class":66},[52,11664,11665],{"class":70},"Berlin",[52,11667,74],{"class":66},[52,11669,11670],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,11671,9429],{"class":84},[52,11673,11674],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,11675,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,11677,11678,11680,11682,11684,11687,11689,11691,11694],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,11679,81],{"class":80},[52,11681,85],{"class":84},[52,11683,100],{"class":66},[52,11685,11686],{"class":70},"Before:",[52,11688,100],{"class":66},[52,11690,318],{"class":84},[52,11692,11693],{"class":88}," user",[52,11695,329],{"class":84},[52,11697,11698],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,11699,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,11701,11702,11705,11707,11709],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,11703,11704],{"class":58},"user",[52,11706,92],{"class":84},[52,11708,11505],{"class":88},[52,11710,8763],{"class":84},[52,11712,11713],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,11714,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11727,11729,11731,11733],{"class":54,"line":11717},11,[52,11719,81],{"class":80},[52,11721,85],{"class":84},[52,11723,100],{"class":66},[52,11725,11726],{"class":70},"After:",[52,11728,100],{"class":66},[52,11730,318],{"class":84},[52,11732,11693],{"class":88},[52,11734,329],{"class":84},[20,11736,5682],{},[43,11738,11740],{"className":45,"code":11739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11741,11742,11795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11743,11744,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791,11793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11745,11746],{"class":58},"Before",[52,11748,174],{"class":84},[52,11750,10612],{"class":84},[52,11752,1888],{"class":66},[52,11754,459],{"class":70},[52,11756,1888],{"class":66},[52,11758,174],{"class":84},[52,11760,3416],{"class":66},[52,11762,11631],{"class":70},[52,11764,1888],{"class":66},[52,11766,318],{"class":84},[52,11768,3416],{"class":66},[52,11770,9419],{"class":70},[52,11772,1888],{"class":66},[52,11774,174],{"class":84},[52,11776,9426],{"class":608},[52,11778,318],{"class":84},[52,11780,3416],{"class":66},[52,11782,10530],{"class":70},[52,11784,1888],{"class":66},[52,11786,174],{"class":84},[52,11788,3416],{"class":66},[52,11790,11665],{"class":70},[52,11792,1888],{"class":66},[52,11794,9429],{"class":84},[52,11796,11797,11800,11802],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11798,11799],{"class":58},"After",[52,11801,174],{"class":84},[52,11803,9959],{"class":84},[20,11805,11806],{},"What happens here:",[176,11808,11809,11814,11820],{},[179,11810,11811,11813],{},[15,11812,11704],{}," starts with three items",[179,11815,11816,11819],{},[15,11817,11818],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[179,11821,11822],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[38,11824,166,11826,11828],{"id":11825},"what-clear-returns",[15,11827,11444],{}," returns",[20,11830,11831,2515,11833,92],{},[15,11832,11444],{},[15,11834,3901],{},[20,11836,11837],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,11839,11841],{"className":45,"code":11840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11842,11843,11877,11881,11896,11900,11910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11844,11845,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11869,11871,11873,11875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11846,11847],{"class":58},"my_dict ",[52,11849,63],{"class":62},[52,11851,10612],{"class":84},[52,11853,100],{"class":66},[52,11855,2289],{"class":70},[52,11857,100],{"class":66},[52,11859,174],{"class":84},[52,11861,5621],{"class":608},[52,11863,318],{"class":84},[52,11865,67],{"class":66},[52,11867,11868],{"class":70},"y",[52,11870,100],{"class":66},[52,11872,174],{"class":84},[52,11874,3111],{"class":608},[52,11876,9429],{"class":84},[52,11878,11879],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11880,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,11882,11883,11885,11887,11890,11892,11894],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,11884,2346],{"class":58},[52,11886,63],{"class":62},[52,11888,11889],{"class":58}," my_dict",[52,11891,92],{"class":84},[52,11893,11505],{"class":88},[52,11895,8763],{"class":84},[52,11897,11898],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,11899,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,11901,11902,11904,11906,11908],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,11903,81],{"class":80},[52,11905,85],{"class":84},[52,11907,2381],{"class":88},[52,11909,329],{"class":84},[52,11911,11912,11914,11916,11918],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,11913,81],{"class":80},[52,11915,85],{"class":84},[52,11917,11571],{"class":88},[52,11919,329],{"class":84},[20,11921,135],{},[43,11923,11925],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{}\n",[15,11926,11927,11932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11928,11929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11930,11931],{"class":145},"None\n",[52,11933,11934],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11935,9555],{"class":84},[412,11937,11939],{"id":11938},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11941,11942,11943,11945],{},"Do ",[3865,11944,4752],{}," do this:",[43,11947,11949],{"className":45,"code":11948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11950,11951,11983,11997,12001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11952,11953,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11954,11847],{"class":58},[52,11956,63],{"class":62},[52,11958,10612],{"class":84},[52,11960,100],{"class":66},[52,11962,2289],{"class":70},[52,11964,100],{"class":66},[52,11966,174],{"class":84},[52,11968,5621],{"class":608},[52,11970,318],{"class":84},[52,11972,67],{"class":66},[52,11974,11868],{"class":70},[52,11976,100],{"class":66},[52,11978,174],{"class":84},[52,11980,3111],{"class":608},[52,11982,9429],{"class":84},[52,11984,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,11986,11847],{"class":58},[52,11988,63],{"class":62},[52,11990,11889],{"class":58},[52,11992,92],{"class":84},[52,11994,11505],{"class":88},[52,11996,8763],{"class":84},[52,11998,11999],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12000,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12002,12003,12005,12007,12009],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,12004,81],{"class":80},[52,12006,85],{"class":84},[52,12008,11571],{"class":88},[52,12010,329],{"class":84},[20,12012,135],{},[43,12014,12015],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12016,12017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12018,12019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12020,11931],{"class":145},[20,12022,12023],{},"Why this happens:",[176,12025,12026,12032,12037],{},[179,12027,12028,12031],{},[15,12029,12030],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[179,12033,12034,12035],{},"The method returns ",[15,12036,3901],{},[179,12038,12039,12040,12043,12044,12046],{},"Then ",[15,12041,12042],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12045,3901],{}," in the variable",[20,12048,12049,12050,12052],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12051,11444],{}," by itself:",[43,12054,12056],{"className":45,"code":12055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12057,12058,12090,12100,12104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12059,12060,12062,12064,12066,12068,12070,12072,12074,12076,12078,12080,12082,12084,12086,12088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12061,11847],{"class":58},[52,12063,63],{"class":62},[52,12065,10612],{"class":84},[52,12067,100],{"class":66},[52,12069,2289],{"class":70},[52,12071,100],{"class":66},[52,12073,174],{"class":84},[52,12075,5621],{"class":608},[52,12077,318],{"class":84},[52,12079,67],{"class":66},[52,12081,11868],{"class":70},[52,12083,100],{"class":66},[52,12085,174],{"class":84},[52,12087,3111],{"class":608},[52,12089,9429],{"class":84},[52,12091,12092,12094,12096,12098],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12093,11571],{"class":58},[52,12095,92],{"class":84},[52,12097,11505],{"class":88},[52,12099,8763],{"class":84},[52,12101,12102],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12103,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12105,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,12107,81],{"class":80},[52,12109,85],{"class":84},[52,12111,11571],{"class":88},[52,12113,3784],{"class":84},[52,12115,11520],{"class":1479},[38,12117,12119,12121],{"id":12118},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12120,11444],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12123,12124],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[43,12126,12127],{"className":45,"code":11564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12128,12129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12130,12131,12133,12135,12137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12132,11571],{"class":58},[52,12134,92],{"class":84},[52,12136,11505],{"class":88},[52,12138,8763],{"class":84},[43,12140,12142],{"className":45,"code":12141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12143,12144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12145,12146,12148,12150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12147,11847],{"class":58},[52,12149,63],{"class":62},[52,12151,9959],{"class":84},[412,12153,12154],{"id":11505},[15,12155,11444],{},[176,12157,12158,12161,12164],{},[179,12159,12160],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[179,12162,12163],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[179,12165,12166],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[412,12168,12169],{"id":11571},[15,12170,12171],{},"my_dict = {}",[176,12173,12174,12177,12180],{},[179,12175,12176],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[179,12178,12179],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[179,12181,12182],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12184,12185,12186,92],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[289,12187,12189],{"href":12188},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[38,12191,12193],{"id":12192},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12195,12196,12197,12199],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12198,11444],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[43,12201,12203],{"className":45,"code":12202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12204,12205,12238,12248,12252,12263,12267,12287,12307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12206,12207,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12208,12209],{"class":58},"original ",[52,12211,63],{"class":62},[52,12213,10612],{"class":84},[52,12215,100],{"class":66},[52,12217,289],{"class":70},[52,12219,100],{"class":66},[52,12221,174],{"class":84},[52,12223,5621],{"class":608},[52,12225,318],{"class":84},[52,12227,67],{"class":66},[52,12229,4883],{"class":70},[52,12231,100],{"class":66},[52,12233,174],{"class":84},[52,12235,3111],{"class":608},[52,12237,9429],{"class":84},[52,12239,12240,12243,12245],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12241,12242],{"class":58},"other_ref ",[52,12244,63],{"class":62},[52,12246,12247],{"class":58}," original\n",[52,12249,12250],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12251,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12253,12254,12257,12259,12261],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,12255,12256],{"class":58},"original",[52,12258,92],{"class":84},[52,12260,11505],{"class":88},[52,12262,8763],{"class":84},[52,12264,12265],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,12266,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12268,12269,12271,12273,12275,12278,12280,12282,12285],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,12270,81],{"class":80},[52,12272,85],{"class":84},[52,12274,100],{"class":66},[52,12276,12277],{"class":70},"original:",[52,12279,100],{"class":66},[52,12281,318],{"class":84},[52,12283,12284],{"class":88}," original",[52,12286,329],{"class":84},[52,12288,12289,12291,12293,12295,12298,12300,12302,12305],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,12290,81],{"class":80},[52,12292,85],{"class":84},[52,12294,100],{"class":66},[52,12296,12297],{"class":70},"other_ref:",[52,12299,100],{"class":66},[52,12301,318],{"class":84},[52,12303,12304],{"class":88}," other_ref",[52,12306,329],{"class":84},[52,12308,12309,12311,12313,12315,12317,12319],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,12310,81],{"class":80},[52,12312,85],{"class":84},[52,12314,12209],{"class":88},[52,12316,835],{"class":761},[52,12318,12304],{"class":88},[52,12320,329],{"class":84},[20,12322,135],{},[43,12324,12326],{"className":45,"code":12325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12327,12328,12336,12345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12329,12330,12332,12334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12331,12256],{"class":58},[52,12333,174],{"class":84},[52,12335,9959],{"class":84},[52,12337,12338,12341,12343],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12339,12340],{"class":58},"other_ref",[52,12342,174],{"class":84},[52,12344,9959],{"class":84},[52,12346,12347],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12348,146],{"class":145},[20,12350,12351],{},"This shows:",[176,12353,12354,12361,12366],{},[179,12355,12356,342,12358,12360],{},[15,12357,12256],{},[15,12359,12340],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[179,12362,12363,12365],{},[15,12364,11444],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[179,12367,12368],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12370,12371],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[43,12373,12375],{"className":45,"code":12374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12376,12377,12409,12417,12421,12429,12433,12451,12469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12378,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401,12403,12405,12407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12380,12209],{"class":58},[52,12382,63],{"class":62},[52,12384,10612],{"class":84},[52,12386,100],{"class":66},[52,12388,289],{"class":70},[52,12390,100],{"class":66},[52,12392,174],{"class":84},[52,12394,5621],{"class":608},[52,12396,318],{"class":84},[52,12398,67],{"class":66},[52,12400,4883],{"class":70},[52,12402,100],{"class":66},[52,12404,174],{"class":84},[52,12406,3111],{"class":608},[52,12408,9429],{"class":84},[52,12410,12411,12413,12415],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12412,12242],{"class":58},[52,12414,63],{"class":62},[52,12416,12247],{"class":58},[52,12418,12419],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12420,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12422,12423,12425,12427],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,12424,12209],{"class":58},[52,12426,63],{"class":62},[52,12428,9959],{"class":84},[52,12430,12431],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,12432,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12434,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,12436,81],{"class":80},[52,12438,85],{"class":84},[52,12440,100],{"class":66},[52,12442,12277],{"class":70},[52,12444,100],{"class":66},[52,12446,318],{"class":84},[52,12448,12284],{"class":88},[52,12450,329],{"class":84},[52,12452,12453,12455,12457,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,12454,81],{"class":80},[52,12456,85],{"class":84},[52,12458,100],{"class":66},[52,12460,12297],{"class":70},[52,12462,100],{"class":66},[52,12464,318],{"class":84},[52,12466,12304],{"class":88},[52,12468,329],{"class":84},[52,12470,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,12472,81],{"class":80},[52,12474,85],{"class":84},[52,12476,12209],{"class":88},[52,12478,835],{"class":761},[52,12480,12304],{"class":88},[52,12482,329],{"class":84},[20,12484,135],{},[43,12486,12488],{"className":45,"code":12487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12489,12490,12498,12530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12491,12492,12494,12496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12493,12256],{"class":58},[52,12495,174],{"class":84},[52,12497,9959],{"class":84},[52,12499,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12501,12340],{"class":58},[52,12503,174],{"class":84},[52,12505,10612],{"class":84},[52,12507,1888],{"class":66},[52,12509,289],{"class":70},[52,12511,1888],{"class":66},[52,12513,174],{"class":84},[52,12515,5621],{"class":608},[52,12517,318],{"class":84},[52,12519,3416],{"class":66},[52,12521,4883],{"class":70},[52,12523,1888],{"class":66},[52,12525,174],{"class":84},[52,12527,3111],{"class":608},[52,12529,9429],{"class":84},[52,12531,12532],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12533,151],{"class":145},[20,12535,2294],{},[176,12537,12538,12544],{},[179,12539,12540,12543],{},[15,12541,12542],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[179,12545,12546,12548],{},[15,12547,12340],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12550,12551,12552,92],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[289,12553,12555],{"href":12554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12556,12557],{},"dict.copy()",[38,12559,5084,12561],{"id":12560},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12562,11444],{},[20,12564,12565,12567],{},[15,12566,11444],{}," is useful when you want to:",[176,12569,12570,12573,12576],{},[179,12571,12572],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[179,12574,12575],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[179,12577,12578],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12580,197],{},[43,12582,12584],{"className":45,"code":12583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12585,12586,12595,12611,12631,12644,12648,12652,12657,12668,12672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12587,12588,12591,12593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12589,12590],{"class":58},"session_data ",[52,12592,63],{"class":62},[52,12594,11615],{"class":84},[52,12596,12597,12599,12602,12604,12606,12609],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12598,11620],{"class":66},[52,12600,12601],{"class":70},"user_id",[52,12603,100],{"class":66},[52,12605,174],{"class":84},[52,12607,12608],{"class":608}," 101",[52,12610,11636],{"class":84},[52,12612,12613,12615,12618,12620,12622,12624,12627,12629],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12614,11620],{"class":66},[52,12616,12617],{"class":70},"theme",[52,12619,100],{"class":66},[52,12621,174],{"class":84},[52,12623,67],{"class":66},[52,12625,12626],{"class":70},"dark",[52,12628,100],{"class":66},[52,12630,11636],{"class":84},[52,12632,12633,12635,12638,12640,12642],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,12634,11620],{"class":66},[52,12636,12637],{"class":70},"logged_in",[52,12639,100],{"class":66},[52,12641,174],{"class":84},[52,12643,6546],{"class":145},[52,12645,12646],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,12647,9429],{"class":84},[52,12649,12650],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,12651,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12653,12654],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,12655,12656],{"class":1479},"# Reset for a new session\n",[52,12658,12659,12662,12664,12666],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,12660,12661],{"class":58},"session_data",[52,12663,92],{"class":84},[52,12665,11505],{"class":88},[52,12667,8763],{"class":84},[52,12669,12670],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,12671,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,12673,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,12675,81],{"class":80},[52,12677,85],{"class":84},[52,12679,12661],{"class":88},[52,12681,3784],{"class":84},[52,12683,11520],{"class":1479},[20,12685,12686,12687,12693,12694,92,12698,12700,12701,92],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[289,12688,12690],{"href":12689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12691,12692],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[289,12695,12697],{"href":12696},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9967,12699],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[289,12702,12704],{"href":12703},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12705,12706],{},"dict.popitem()",[38,12708,1445],{"id":1444},[20,12710,10869,12711,174],{},[15,12712,11444],{},[176,12714,12715,12721,12726,12729],{},[179,12716,12717,12718,12720],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12719,11444],{}," to a variable",[179,12722,1725,12723,12725],{},[15,12724,11444],{}," to return a new dictionary",[179,12727,12728],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[179,12730,12731],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12733,12734],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[43,12736,12738],{"className":45,"code":12737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12739,12740,12750,12764,12779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12741,12742,12744,12746,12748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12743,81],{"class":80},[52,12745,85],{"class":84},[52,12747,11571],{"class":88},[52,12749,329],{"class":84},[52,12751,12752,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,12753,81],{"class":80},[52,12755,85],{"class":84},[52,12757,1930],{"class":1929},[52,12759,85],{"class":84},[52,12761,11571],{"class":88},[52,12763,108],{"class":84},[52,12765,12766,12768,12770,12773,12775,12777],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,12767,81],{"class":80},[52,12769,85],{"class":84},[52,12771,12772],{"class":80},"id",[52,12774,85],{"class":84},[52,12776,11571],{"class":88},[52,12778,108],{"class":84},[52,12780,12781,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,12782,81],{"class":80},[52,12784,85],{"class":84},[52,12786,12242],{"class":88},[52,12788,835],{"class":761},[52,12790,11889],{"class":88},[52,12792,329],{"class":84},[20,12794,12795],{},"What these show:",[176,12797,12798,12804,12810,12816],{},[179,12799,12800,12803],{},[15,12801,12802],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[179,12805,12806,12809],{},[15,12807,12808],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[179,12811,12812,12815],{},[15,12813,12814],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[179,12817,12818,12821],{},[15,12819,12820],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[38,12823,1940],{"id":1939},[412,12825,1944,12827,12829],{"id":12826},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12828,11444],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12831,12832],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[412,12834,5266,12836,12838],{"id":12835},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12837,11449],{}," return?",[20,12840,5272,12841,92],{},[15,12842,3901],{},[412,12844,1987,12846,342,12848,1993],{"id":12845},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12847,11444],{},[15,12849,3915],{},[20,12851,12852,12854,12855,12857],{},[15,12853,11444],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12856,3915],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[412,12859,1944,12861,12863],{"id":12860},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12862,11444],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12865,12866],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[38,12868,2005],{"id":2004},[176,12870,12871,12875,12879,12886,12893,12900,12905],{},[179,12872,12873],{},[289,12874,9276],{"href":9275},[179,12876,12877],{},[289,12878,11365],{"href":9511},[179,12880,12881],{},[289,12882,10859,12883,1441],{"href":12689},[15,12884,12885],{},"pop()",[179,12887,12888],{},[289,12889,10859,12890,1441],{"href":12703},[15,12891,12892],{},"popitem()",[179,12894,12895],{},[289,12896,10859,12897,1441],{"href":12554},[15,12898,12899],{},"copy()",[179,12901,12902],{},[289,12903,12904],{"href":12188},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[179,12906,12907],{},[289,12908,12909],{"href":12696},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2035,12911,12912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":12914},[12915,12916,12918,12919,12920,12924,12929,12930,12932,12933,12943],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":11528,"depth":77,"text":12917},"What clear() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":11825,"depth":77,"text":12921,"children":12922},"What clear() returns",[12923],{"id":11938,"depth":111,"text":11939},{"id":12118,"depth":77,"text":12925,"children":12926},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12927,12928],{"id":11505,"depth":111,"text":11444},{"id":11571,"depth":111,"text":12171},{"id":12192,"depth":77,"text":12193},{"id":12560,"depth":77,"text":12931},"When to use clear()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":12934},[12935,12937,12939,12941],{"id":12826,"depth":111,"text":12936},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12835,"depth":111,"text":12938},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12845,"depth":111,"text":12940},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12860,"depth":111,"text":12942},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11435,"description":12944},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12951,"title":12952,"body":12953,"description":15121,"extension":2078,"meta":15122,"navigation":221,"path":15123,"seo":15124,"stem":15125,"__hash__":15126},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12954,"toc":15093},[12955,12960,12965,12975,12977,13066,13070,13111,13116,13123,13141,13150,13152,13173,13176,13188,13190,13269,13273,13314,13316,13319,13447,13451,13531,13534,13552,13555,13559,13565,13567,13578,13580,13775,13779,13885,13888,13906,13909,13916,13921,13925,13939,13941,14068,14072,14152,14165,14171,14174,14182,14186,14312,14316,14390,14395,14526,14530,14604,14607,14621,14625,14629,14643,14645,14781,14785,14854,14856,14861,14883,14886,14993,14996,15007,15014,15016,15022,15025,15031,15034,15041,15049,15053,15056,15058,15090],[10,12956,11441,12958,18],{"id":12957},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12959,12899],{},[20,12961,12962,12964],{},[15,12963,12557],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12966,12967,12968,12970,12971,12974],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12969,12899],{}," makes a ",[3865,12972,12973],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[38,12976,41],{"id":40},[43,12978,12980],{"className":45,"code":12979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12981,12982,13020,13037,13041,13052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12983,12984,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12985,12986],{"class":58},"student ",[52,12988,63],{"class":62},[52,12990,10612],{"class":84},[52,12992,100],{"class":66},[52,12994,459],{"class":70},[52,12996,100],{"class":66},[52,12998,174],{"class":84},[52,13000,67],{"class":66},[52,13002,13003],{"class":70},"Ana",[52,13005,100],{"class":66},[52,13007,318],{"class":84},[52,13009,67],{"class":66},[52,13011,9419],{"class":70},[52,13013,100],{"class":66},[52,13015,174],{"class":84},[52,13017,7914],{"class":608},[52,13019,9429],{"class":84},[52,13021,13022,13025,13027,13030,13032,13035],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13023,13024],{"class":58},"student_copy ",[52,13026,63],{"class":62},[52,13028,13029],{"class":58}," student",[52,13031,92],{"class":84},[52,13033,13034],{"class":88},"copy",[52,13036,8763],{"class":84},[52,13038,13039],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,13040,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13042,13043,13045,13047,13050],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,13044,81],{"class":80},[52,13046,85],{"class":84},[52,13048,13049],{"class":88},"student_copy",[52,13051,329],{"class":84},[52,13053,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062,13064],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,13055,81],{"class":80},[52,13057,85],{"class":84},[52,13059,13024],{"class":88},[52,13061,835],{"class":761},[52,13063,13029],{"class":88},[52,13065,329],{"class":84},[20,13067,13068],{},[3865,13069,135],{},[43,13071,13073],{"className":45,"code":13072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13074,13075,13107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13076,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13078,9398],{"class":84},[52,13080,1888],{"class":66},[52,13082,459],{"class":70},[52,13084,1888],{"class":66},[52,13086,174],{"class":84},[52,13088,3416],{"class":66},[52,13090,13003],{"class":70},[52,13092,1888],{"class":66},[52,13094,318],{"class":84},[52,13096,3416],{"class":66},[52,13098,9419],{"class":70},[52,13100,1888],{"class":66},[52,13102,174],{"class":84},[52,13104,7914],{"class":608},[52,13106,9429],{"class":84},[52,13108,13109],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13110,151],{"class":145},[20,13112,154,13113,13115],{},[15,13114,12899],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[38,13117,13119,13120,13122],{"id":13118},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13121,12899],{}," method does",[176,13124,13125,13130,13133,13138],{},[179,13126,13127,13129],{},[15,13128,12557],{}," returns a new dictionary",[179,13131,13132],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[179,13134,13135,13136],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13137,12899],{},[179,13139,13140],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13142,13143,13144,32,13147,92],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[289,13145,9276],{"href":13146},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[289,13148,9512],{"href":13149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[38,13151,296],{"id":295},[43,13153,13155],{"className":45,"code":13154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13156,13157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13158,13159,13162,13164,13167,13169,13171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13160,13161],{"class":58},"new_dict ",[52,13163,63],{"class":62},[52,13165,13166],{"class":58}," old_dict",[52,13168,92],{"class":84},[52,13170,13034],{"class":88},[52,13172,8763],{"class":84},[20,13174,13175],{},"Key points:",[176,13177,13178,13182,13185],{},[179,13179,13180,11587],{},[15,13181,12899],{},[179,13183,13184],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[179,13186,13187],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13189,197],{},[43,13191,13193],{"className":45,"code":13192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13194,13195,13238,13254,13258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13196,13197,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13234,13236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13198,13199],{"class":58},"colors ",[52,13201,63],{"class":62},[52,13203,10612],{"class":84},[52,13205,100],{"class":66},[52,13207,289],{"class":70},[52,13209,100],{"class":66},[52,13211,174],{"class":84},[52,13213,67],{"class":66},[52,13215,13216],{"class":70},"red",[52,13218,100],{"class":66},[52,13220,318],{"class":84},[52,13222,67],{"class":66},[52,13224,4883],{"class":70},[52,13226,100],{"class":66},[52,13228,174],{"class":84},[52,13230,67],{"class":66},[52,13232,13233],{"class":70},"blue",[52,13235,100],{"class":66},[52,13237,9429],{"class":84},[52,13239,13240,13243,13245,13248,13250,13252],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13241,13242],{"class":58},"new_colors ",[52,13244,63],{"class":62},[52,13246,13247],{"class":58}," colors",[52,13249,92],{"class":84},[52,13251,13034],{"class":88},[52,13253,8763],{"class":84},[52,13255,13256],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,13257,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13259,13260,13262,13264,13267],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,13261,81],{"class":80},[52,13263,85],{"class":84},[52,13265,13266],{"class":88},"new_colors",[52,13268,329],{"class":84},[20,13270,13271],{},[3865,13272,135],{},[43,13274,13276],{"className":45,"code":13275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13277,13278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13279,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13281,9398],{"class":84},[52,13283,1888],{"class":66},[52,13285,289],{"class":70},[52,13287,1888],{"class":66},[52,13289,174],{"class":84},[52,13291,3416],{"class":66},[52,13293,13216],{"class":70},[52,13295,1888],{"class":66},[52,13297,318],{"class":84},[52,13299,3416],{"class":66},[52,13301,4883],{"class":70},[52,13303,1888],{"class":66},[52,13305,174],{"class":84},[52,13307,3416],{"class":66},[52,13309,13233],{"class":70},[52,13311,1888],{"class":66},[52,13313,9429],{"class":84},[38,13315,11597],{"id":11596},[20,13317,13318],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[43,13320,13322],{"className":45,"code":13321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13323,13324,13362,13378,13382,13404,13408,13427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13325,13326,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13327,13328],{"class":58},"person ",[52,13330,63],{"class":62},[52,13332,10612],{"class":84},[52,13334,100],{"class":66},[52,13336,459],{"class":70},[52,13338,100],{"class":66},[52,13340,174],{"class":84},[52,13342,67],{"class":66},[52,13344,13345],{"class":70},"Liam",[52,13347,100],{"class":66},[52,13349,318],{"class":84},[52,13351,67],{"class":66},[52,13353,9419],{"class":70},[52,13355,100],{"class":66},[52,13357,174],{"class":84},[52,13359,9426],{"class":608},[52,13361,9429],{"class":84},[52,13363,13364,13367,13369,13372,13374,13376],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13365,13366],{"class":58},"person_copy ",[52,13368,63],{"class":62},[52,13370,13371],{"class":58}," person",[52,13373,92],{"class":84},[52,13375,13034],{"class":88},[52,13377,8763],{"class":84},[52,13379,13380],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,13381,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13383,13384,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13398,13401],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,13385,13386],{"class":58},"person_copy",[52,13388,4021],{"class":84},[52,13390,100],{"class":66},[52,13392,9419],{"class":70},[52,13394,100],{"class":66},[52,13396,13397],{"class":84},"]",[52,13399,13400],{"class":62}," =",[52,13402,13403],{"class":608}," 26\n",[52,13405,13406],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,13407,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13409,13410,13412,13414,13416,13419,13421,13423,13425],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,13411,81],{"class":80},[52,13413,85],{"class":84},[52,13415,100],{"class":66},[52,13417,13418],{"class":70},"Original:",[52,13420,100],{"class":66},[52,13422,318],{"class":84},[52,13424,13371],{"class":88},[52,13426,329],{"class":84},[52,13428,13429,13431,13433,13435,13438,13440,13442,13445],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,13430,81],{"class":80},[52,13432,85],{"class":84},[52,13434,100],{"class":66},[52,13436,13437],{"class":70},"Copy:",[52,13439,100],{"class":66},[52,13441,318],{"class":84},[52,13443,13444],{"class":88}," person_copy",[52,13446,329],{"class":84},[20,13448,13449],{},[3865,13450,135],{},[43,13452,13454],{"className":45,"code":13453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13455,13456,13493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13457,13458,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13459,13460],{"class":58},"Original",[52,13462,174],{"class":84},[52,13464,10612],{"class":84},[52,13466,1888],{"class":66},[52,13468,459],{"class":70},[52,13470,1888],{"class":66},[52,13472,174],{"class":84},[52,13474,3416],{"class":66},[52,13476,13345],{"class":70},[52,13478,1888],{"class":66},[52,13480,318],{"class":84},[52,13482,3416],{"class":66},[52,13484,9419],{"class":70},[52,13486,1888],{"class":66},[52,13488,174],{"class":84},[52,13490,9426],{"class":608},[52,13492,9429],{"class":84},[52,13494,13495,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13529],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13496,13497],{"class":58},"Copy",[52,13499,174],{"class":84},[52,13501,10612],{"class":84},[52,13503,1888],{"class":66},[52,13505,459],{"class":70},[52,13507,1888],{"class":66},[52,13509,174],{"class":84},[52,13511,3416],{"class":66},[52,13513,13345],{"class":70},[52,13515,1888],{"class":66},[52,13517,318],{"class":84},[52,13519,3416],{"class":66},[52,13521,9419],{"class":70},[52,13523,1888],{"class":66},[52,13525,174],{"class":84},[52,13527,13528],{"class":608}," 26",[52,13530,9429],{"class":84},[20,13532,13533],{},"What happened here:",[176,13535,13536,13542,13549],{},[179,13537,13538,13541],{},[15,13539,13540],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[179,13543,13544,13545,13548],{},"Changing ",[15,13546,13547],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[179,13550,13551],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13553,13554],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[38,13556,13558],{"id":13557},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13560,13561,12970,13563,92],{},[15,13562,12899],{},[3865,13564,12973],{},[20,13566,2222],{},[176,13568,13569,13572,13575],{},[179,13570,13571],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[179,13573,13574],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[179,13576,13577],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13579,197],{},[43,13581,13583],{"className":45,"code":13582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13584,13585,13593,13611,13634,13638,13642,13656,13660,13685,13689,13707,13726,13741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13586,13587,13589,13591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13588,12986],{"class":58},[52,13590,63],{"class":62},[52,13592,11615],{"class":84},[52,13594,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13596,11620],{"class":66},[52,13598,459],{"class":70},[52,13600,100],{"class":66},[52,13602,174],{"class":84},[52,13604,67],{"class":66},[52,13606,13003],{"class":70},[52,13608,100],{"class":66},[52,13610,11636],{"class":84},[52,13612,13613,13615,13618,13620,13622,13624,13627,13629,13632],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,13614,11620],{"class":66},[52,13616,13617],{"class":70},"grades",[52,13619,100],{"class":66},[52,13621,174],{"class":84},[52,13623,3744],{"class":84},[52,13625,13626],{"class":608},"90",[52,13628,318],{"class":84},[52,13630,13631],{"class":608}," 85",[52,13633,3757],{"class":84},[52,13635,13636],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,13637,9429],{"class":84},[52,13639,13640],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,13641,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13643,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,13645,13024],{"class":58},[52,13647,63],{"class":62},[52,13649,13029],{"class":58},[52,13651,92],{"class":84},[52,13653,13034],{"class":88},[52,13655,8763],{"class":84},[52,13657,13658],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,13659,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13661,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13675,13678,13680,13683],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,13663,13049],{"class":58},[52,13665,4021],{"class":84},[52,13667,100],{"class":66},[52,13669,13617],{"class":70},[52,13671,100],{"class":66},[52,13673,13674],{"class":84},"].",[52,13676,13677],{"class":88},"append",[52,13679,85],{"class":84},[52,13681,13682],{"class":608},"100",[52,13684,329],{"class":84},[52,13686,13687],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,13688,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,13690,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,13692,81],{"class":80},[52,13694,85],{"class":84},[52,13696,100],{"class":66},[52,13698,13418],{"class":70},[52,13700,100],{"class":66},[52,13702,318],{"class":84},[52,13704,13029],{"class":88},[52,13706,329],{"class":84},[52,13708,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13724],{"class":54,"line":11717},[52,13710,81],{"class":80},[52,13712,85],{"class":84},[52,13714,100],{"class":66},[52,13716,13437],{"class":70},[52,13718,100],{"class":66},[52,13720,318],{"class":84},[52,13722,13723],{"class":88}," student_copy",[52,13725,329],{"class":84},[52,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739],{"class":54,"line":13728},12,[52,13730,81],{"class":80},[52,13732,85],{"class":84},[52,13734,12986],{"class":88},[52,13736,835],{"class":761},[52,13738,13723],{"class":88},[52,13740,329],{"class":84},[52,13742,13744,13746,13748,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773],{"class":54,"line":13743},13,[52,13745,81],{"class":80},[52,13747,85],{"class":84},[52,13749,13750],{"class":88},"student",[52,13752,4021],{"class":84},[52,13754,100],{"class":66},[52,13756,13617],{"class":70},[52,13758,100],{"class":66},[52,13760,13397],{"class":84},[52,13762,8220],{"class":761},[52,13764,13723],{"class":88},[52,13766,4021],{"class":84},[52,13768,100],{"class":66},[52,13770,13617],{"class":70},[52,13772,100],{"class":66},[52,13774,4009],{"class":84},[20,13776,13777],{},[3865,13778,135],{},[43,13780,13782],{"className":45,"code":13781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13783,13784,13831,13877,13881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13785,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13787,13460],{"class":58},[52,13789,174],{"class":84},[52,13791,10612],{"class":84},[52,13793,1888],{"class":66},[52,13795,459],{"class":70},[52,13797,1888],{"class":66},[52,13799,174],{"class":84},[52,13801,3416],{"class":66},[52,13803,13003],{"class":70},[52,13805,1888],{"class":66},[52,13807,318],{"class":84},[52,13809,3416],{"class":66},[52,13811,13617],{"class":70},[52,13813,1888],{"class":66},[52,13815,174],{"class":84},[52,13817,3744],{"class":84},[52,13819,13626],{"class":608},[52,13821,318],{"class":84},[52,13823,13631],{"class":608},[52,13825,318],{"class":84},[52,13827,10239],{"class":608},[52,13829,13830],{"class":84},"]}\n",[52,13832,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13834,13497],{"class":58},[52,13836,174],{"class":84},[52,13838,10612],{"class":84},[52,13840,1888],{"class":66},[52,13842,459],{"class":70},[52,13844,1888],{"class":66},[52,13846,174],{"class":84},[52,13848,3416],{"class":66},[52,13850,13003],{"class":70},[52,13852,1888],{"class":66},[52,13854,318],{"class":84},[52,13856,3416],{"class":66},[52,13858,13617],{"class":70},[52,13860,1888],{"class":66},[52,13862,174],{"class":84},[52,13864,3744],{"class":84},[52,13866,13626],{"class":608},[52,13868,318],{"class":84},[52,13870,13631],{"class":608},[52,13872,318],{"class":84},[52,13874,10239],{"class":608},[52,13876,13830],{"class":84},[52,13878,13879],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,13880,151],{"class":145},[52,13882,13883],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,13884,146],{"class":145},[20,13886,13887],{},"Notice the difference:",[176,13889,13890,13898],{},[179,13891,13892,4906,13895,13897],{},[15,13893,13894],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13896,35],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[179,13899,13900,4906,13903,13905],{},[15,13901,13902],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13904,31],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13907,13908],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13910,13911,13912,92],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[289,13913,13915],{"href":13914},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[38,13917,5084,13919],{"id":13918},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13920,12899],{},[20,13922,154,13923,10723],{},[15,13924,12899],{},[176,13926,13927,13930,13933,13936],{},[179,13928,13929],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[179,13931,13932],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[179,13934,13935],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[179,13937,13938],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13940,197],{},[43,13942,13944],{"className":45,"code":13943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13945,13946,13985,14001,14005,14025,14029,14048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13947,13948,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13976,13978,13980,13983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13949,13950],{"class":58},"settings ",[52,13952,63],{"class":62},[52,13954,10612],{"class":84},[52,13956,100],{"class":66},[52,13958,12617],{"class":70},[52,13960,100],{"class":66},[52,13962,174],{"class":84},[52,13964,67],{"class":66},[52,13966,12626],{"class":70},[52,13968,100],{"class":66},[52,13970,318],{"class":84},[52,13972,67],{"class":66},[52,13974,13975],{"class":70},"font_size",[52,13977,100],{"class":66},[52,13979,174],{"class":84},[52,13981,13982],{"class":608}," 14",[52,13984,9429],{"class":84},[52,13986,13987,13990,13992,13995,13997,13999],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,13988,13989],{"class":58},"settings_backup ",[52,13991,63],{"class":62},[52,13993,13994],{"class":58}," settings",[52,13996,92],{"class":84},[52,13998,13034],{"class":88},[52,14000,8763],{"class":84},[52,14002,14003],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14004,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14006,14007,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,14008,14009],{"class":58},"settings",[52,14011,4021],{"class":84},[52,14013,100],{"class":66},[52,14015,13975],{"class":70},[52,14017,100],{"class":66},[52,14019,13397],{"class":84},[52,14021,13400],{"class":62},[52,14023,14024],{"class":608}," 16\n",[52,14026,14027],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,14028,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14030,14031,14033,14035,14037,14040,14042,14044,14046],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,14032,81],{"class":80},[52,14034,85],{"class":84},[52,14036,100],{"class":66},[52,14038,14039],{"class":70},"Current:",[52,14041,100],{"class":66},[52,14043,318],{"class":84},[52,14045,13994],{"class":88},[52,14047,329],{"class":84},[52,14049,14050,14052,14054,14056,14059,14061,14063,14066],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,14051,81],{"class":80},[52,14053,85],{"class":84},[52,14055,100],{"class":66},[52,14057,14058],{"class":70},"Backup:",[52,14060,100],{"class":66},[52,14062,318],{"class":84},[52,14064,14065],{"class":88}," settings_backup",[52,14067,329],{"class":84},[20,14069,14070],{},[3865,14071,135],{},[43,14073,14075],{"className":45,"code":14074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14076,14077,14115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14078,14079,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14080,14081],{"class":58},"Current",[52,14083,174],{"class":84},[52,14085,10612],{"class":84},[52,14087,1888],{"class":66},[52,14089,12617],{"class":70},[52,14091,1888],{"class":66},[52,14093,174],{"class":84},[52,14095,3416],{"class":66},[52,14097,12626],{"class":70},[52,14099,1888],{"class":66},[52,14101,318],{"class":84},[52,14103,3416],{"class":66},[52,14105,13975],{"class":70},[52,14107,1888],{"class":66},[52,14109,174],{"class":84},[52,14111,14112],{"class":608}," 16",[52,14114,9429],{"class":84},[52,14116,14117,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14118,14119],{"class":58},"Backup",[52,14121,174],{"class":84},[52,14123,10612],{"class":84},[52,14125,1888],{"class":66},[52,14127,12617],{"class":70},[52,14129,1888],{"class":66},[52,14131,174],{"class":84},[52,14133,3416],{"class":66},[52,14135,12626],{"class":70},[52,14137,1888],{"class":66},[52,14139,318],{"class":84},[52,14141,3416],{"class":66},[52,14143,13975],{"class":70},[52,14145,1888],{"class":66},[52,14147,174],{"class":84},[52,14149,13982],{"class":608},[52,14151,9429],{"class":84},[20,14153,14154,14155,32,14161,92],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[289,14156,14158],{"href":14157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14159,14160],{},"dict.update()",[289,14162,14163],{"href":12946},[15,14164,11449],{},[38,14166,14168,14170],{"id":14167},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14169,12899],{}," vs assignment",[20,14172,14173],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14175,1828,14176,14178,14179,14181],{},[15,14177,63],{}," does ",[3865,14180,4752],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[412,14183,14185],{"id":14184},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[43,14187,14189],{"className":45,"code":14188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14190,14191,14223,14232,14236,14256,14260,14278,14298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14192,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14194,12209],{"class":58},[52,14196,63],{"class":62},[52,14198,10612],{"class":84},[52,14200,100],{"class":66},[52,14202,2289],{"class":70},[52,14204,100],{"class":66},[52,14206,174],{"class":84},[52,14208,5621],{"class":608},[52,14210,318],{"class":84},[52,14212,67],{"class":66},[52,14214,11868],{"class":70},[52,14216,100],{"class":66},[52,14218,174],{"class":84},[52,14220,3111],{"class":608},[52,14222,9429],{"class":84},[52,14224,14225,14228,14230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14226,14227],{"class":58},"assigned ",[52,14229,63],{"class":62},[52,14231,12247],{"class":58},[52,14233,14234],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14235,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14237,14238,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,14239,14240],{"class":58},"assigned",[52,14242,4021],{"class":84},[52,14244,100],{"class":66},[52,14246,2289],{"class":70},[52,14248,100],{"class":66},[52,14250,13397],{"class":84},[52,14252,13400],{"class":62},[52,14254,14255],{"class":608}," 99\n",[52,14257,14258],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,14259,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14261,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,14263,81],{"class":80},[52,14265,85],{"class":84},[52,14267,100],{"class":66},[52,14269,13418],{"class":70},[52,14271,100],{"class":66},[52,14273,318],{"class":84},[52,14275,12284],{"class":88},[52,14277,329],{"class":84},[52,14279,14280,14282,14284,14286,14289,14291,14293,14296],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,14281,81],{"class":80},[52,14283,85],{"class":84},[52,14285,100],{"class":66},[52,14287,14288],{"class":70},"Assigned:",[52,14290,100],{"class":66},[52,14292,318],{"class":84},[52,14294,14295],{"class":88}," assigned",[52,14297,329],{"class":84},[52,14299,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,14301,81],{"class":80},[52,14303,85],{"class":84},[52,14305,12209],{"class":88},[52,14307,835],{"class":761},[52,14309,14295],{"class":88},[52,14311,329],{"class":84},[20,14313,14314],{},[3865,14315,135],{},[43,14317,14319],{"className":45,"code":14318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14320,14321,14353,14386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14322,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14324,13460],{"class":58},[52,14326,174],{"class":84},[52,14328,10612],{"class":84},[52,14330,1888],{"class":66},[52,14332,2289],{"class":70},[52,14334,1888],{"class":66},[52,14336,174],{"class":84},[52,14338,10318],{"class":608},[52,14340,318],{"class":84},[52,14342,3416],{"class":66},[52,14344,11868],{"class":70},[52,14346,1888],{"class":66},[52,14348,174],{"class":84},[52,14350,3111],{"class":608},[52,14352,9429],{"class":84},[52,14354,14355,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14356,14357],{"class":58},"Assigned",[52,14359,174],{"class":84},[52,14361,10612],{"class":84},[52,14363,1888],{"class":66},[52,14365,2289],{"class":70},[52,14367,1888],{"class":66},[52,14369,174],{"class":84},[52,14371,10318],{"class":608},[52,14373,318],{"class":84},[52,14375,3416],{"class":66},[52,14377,11868],{"class":70},[52,14379,1888],{"class":66},[52,14381,174],{"class":84},[52,14383,3111],{"class":608},[52,14385,9429],{"class":84},[52,14387,14388],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14389,146],{"class":145},[412,14391,1828,14393],{"id":14392},"using-copy",[15,14394,12899],{},[43,14396,14398],{"className":45,"code":14397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14399,14400,14432,14447,14451,14470,14474,14492,14512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14401,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14403,12209],{"class":58},[52,14405,63],{"class":62},[52,14407,10612],{"class":84},[52,14409,100],{"class":66},[52,14411,2289],{"class":70},[52,14413,100],{"class":66},[52,14415,174],{"class":84},[52,14417,5621],{"class":608},[52,14419,318],{"class":84},[52,14421,67],{"class":66},[52,14423,11868],{"class":70},[52,14425,100],{"class":66},[52,14427,174],{"class":84},[52,14429,3111],{"class":608},[52,14431,9429],{"class":84},[52,14433,14434,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14435,14436],{"class":58},"copied ",[52,14438,63],{"class":62},[52,14440,12284],{"class":58},[52,14442,92],{"class":84},[52,14444,13034],{"class":88},[52,14446,8763],{"class":84},[52,14448,14449],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14450,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14452,14453,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,14454,14455],{"class":58},"copied",[52,14457,4021],{"class":84},[52,14459,100],{"class":66},[52,14461,2289],{"class":70},[52,14463,100],{"class":66},[52,14465,13397],{"class":84},[52,14467,13400],{"class":62},[52,14469,14255],{"class":608},[52,14471,14472],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,14473,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14475,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,14477,81],{"class":80},[52,14479,85],{"class":84},[52,14481,100],{"class":66},[52,14483,13418],{"class":70},[52,14485,100],{"class":66},[52,14487,318],{"class":84},[52,14489,12284],{"class":88},[52,14491,329],{"class":84},[52,14493,14494,14496,14498,14500,14503,14505,14507,14510],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,14495,81],{"class":80},[52,14497,85],{"class":84},[52,14499,100],{"class":66},[52,14501,14502],{"class":70},"Copied:",[52,14504,100],{"class":66},[52,14506,318],{"class":84},[52,14508,14509],{"class":88}," copied",[52,14511,329],{"class":84},[52,14513,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,14515,81],{"class":80},[52,14517,85],{"class":84},[52,14519,12209],{"class":88},[52,14521,835],{"class":761},[52,14523,14509],{"class":88},[52,14525,329],{"class":84},[20,14527,14528],{},[3865,14529,135],{},[43,14531,14533],{"className":45,"code":14532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14534,14535,14567,14600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14536,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14538,13460],{"class":58},[52,14540,174],{"class":84},[52,14542,10612],{"class":84},[52,14544,1888],{"class":66},[52,14546,2289],{"class":70},[52,14548,1888],{"class":66},[52,14550,174],{"class":84},[52,14552,5621],{"class":608},[52,14554,318],{"class":84},[52,14556,3416],{"class":66},[52,14558,11868],{"class":70},[52,14560,1888],{"class":66},[52,14562,174],{"class":84},[52,14564,3111],{"class":608},[52,14566,9429],{"class":84},[52,14568,14569,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14570,14571],{"class":58},"Copied",[52,14573,174],{"class":84},[52,14575,10612],{"class":84},[52,14577,1888],{"class":66},[52,14579,2289],{"class":70},[52,14581,1888],{"class":66},[52,14583,174],{"class":84},[52,14585,10318],{"class":608},[52,14587,318],{"class":84},[52,14589,3416],{"class":66},[52,14591,11868],{"class":70},[52,14593,1888],{"class":66},[52,14595,174],{"class":84},[52,14597,3111],{"class":608},[52,14599,9429],{"class":84},[52,14601,14602],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14603,151],{"class":145},[20,14605,14606],{},"Summary:",[176,14608,14609,14615],{},[179,14610,14611,14614],{},[15,14612,14613],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[179,14616,14617,14620],{},[15,14618,14619],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[38,14622,14624],{"id":14623},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14626,14627,174],{},[15,14628,12899],{},[176,14630,14631,14634,14637,14640],{},[179,14632,14633],{},"Returns a dictionary",[179,14635,14636],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[179,14638,14639],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[179,14641,14642],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14644,197],{},[43,14646,14648],{"className":45,"code":14647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14649,14650,14682,14698,14702,14720,14740,14744,14762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14651,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14653,9286],{"class":58},[52,14655,63],{"class":62},[52,14657,10612],{"class":84},[52,14659,100],{"class":66},[52,14661,289],{"class":70},[52,14663,100],{"class":66},[52,14665,174],{"class":84},[52,14667,5621],{"class":608},[52,14669,318],{"class":84},[52,14671,67],{"class":66},[52,14673,4883],{"class":70},[52,14675,100],{"class":66},[52,14677,174],{"class":84},[52,14679,3111],{"class":608},[52,14681,9429],{"class":84},[52,14683,14684,14687,14689,14692,14694,14696],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14685,14686],{"class":58},"data_copy ",[52,14688,63],{"class":62},[52,14690,14691],{"class":58}," data",[52,14693,92],{"class":84},[52,14695,13034],{"class":88},[52,14697,8763],{"class":84},[52,14699,14700],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14701,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14703,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,14705,9325],{"class":58},[52,14707,4021],{"class":84},[52,14709,100],{"class":66},[52,14711,289],{"class":70},[52,14713,100],{"class":66},[52,14715,13397],{"class":84},[52,14717,13400],{"class":62},[52,14719,2706],{"class":608},[52,14721,14722,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,14723,14724],{"class":58},"data_copy",[52,14726,4021],{"class":84},[52,14728,100],{"class":66},[52,14730,4883],{"class":70},[52,14732,100],{"class":66},[52,14734,13397],{"class":84},[52,14736,13400],{"class":62},[52,14738,14739],{"class":608}," 20\n",[52,14741,14742],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,14743,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,14747,81],{"class":80},[52,14749,85],{"class":84},[52,14751,100],{"class":66},[52,14753,13418],{"class":70},[52,14755,100],{"class":66},[52,14757,318],{"class":84},[52,14759,14691],{"class":88},[52,14761,329],{"class":84},[52,14763,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14779],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,14765,81],{"class":80},[52,14767,85],{"class":84},[52,14769,100],{"class":66},[52,14771,13437],{"class":70},[52,14773,100],{"class":66},[52,14775,318],{"class":84},[52,14777,14778],{"class":88}," data_copy",[52,14780,329],{"class":84},[20,14782,14783],{},[3865,14784,135],{},[43,14786,14788],{"className":45,"code":14787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14789,14790,14822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14791,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14793,13460],{"class":58},[52,14795,174],{"class":84},[52,14797,10612],{"class":84},[52,14799,1888],{"class":66},[52,14801,289],{"class":70},[52,14803,1888],{"class":66},[52,14805,174],{"class":84},[52,14807,688],{"class":608},[52,14809,318],{"class":84},[52,14811,3416],{"class":66},[52,14813,4883],{"class":70},[52,14815,1888],{"class":66},[52,14817,174],{"class":84},[52,14819,3111],{"class":608},[52,14821,9429],{"class":84},[52,14823,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14825,13497],{"class":58},[52,14827,174],{"class":84},[52,14829,10612],{"class":84},[52,14831,1888],{"class":66},[52,14833,289],{"class":70},[52,14835,1888],{"class":66},[52,14837,174],{"class":84},[52,14839,5621],{"class":608},[52,14841,318],{"class":84},[52,14843,3416],{"class":66},[52,14845,4883],{"class":70},[52,14847,1888],{"class":66},[52,14849,174],{"class":84},[52,14851,7914],{"class":608},[52,14853,9429],{"class":84},[38,14855,1445],{"id":1444},[20,14857,14858,14859,174],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14860,12557],{},[176,14862,14863,14870,14875,14880],{},[179,14864,1828,14865,11214,14867,14869],{},[15,14866,63],{},[15,14868,12899],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[179,14871,4700,14872,14874],{},[15,14873,12899],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[179,14876,14877,14878],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14879,12899],{},[179,14881,14882],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14884,14885],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[43,14887,14889],{"className":45,"code":14888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14890,14891,14901,14911,14925,14948,14971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14892,14893,14895,14897,14899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14894,81],{"class":80},[52,14896,85],{"class":84},[52,14898,12256],{"class":88},[52,14900,329],{"class":84},[52,14902,14903,14905,14907,14909],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,14904,81],{"class":80},[52,14906,85],{"class":84},[52,14908,14455],{"class":88},[52,14910,329],{"class":84},[52,14912,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,14914,81],{"class":80},[52,14916,85],{"class":84},[52,14918,12209],{"class":88},[52,14920,835],{"class":761},[52,14922,14509],{"class":88},[52,14924,329],{"class":84},[52,14926,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14942,14944,14946],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,14928,81],{"class":80},[52,14930,85],{"class":84},[52,14932,12772],{"class":80},[52,14934,85],{"class":84},[52,14936,12256],{"class":88},[52,14938,9354],{"class":84},[52,14940,14941],{"class":80}," id",[52,14943,85],{"class":84},[52,14945,14455],{"class":88},[52,14947,108],{"class":84},[52,14949,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14967,14969],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,14951,81],{"class":80},[52,14953,85],{"class":84},[52,14955,12772],{"class":80},[52,14957,85],{"class":84},[52,14959,12256],{"class":88},[52,14961,4021],{"class":84},[52,14963,100],{"class":66},[52,14965,14966],{"class":70},"key",[52,14968,100],{"class":66},[52,14970,3118],{"class":84},[52,14972,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,14974,81],{"class":80},[52,14976,85],{"class":84},[52,14978,12772],{"class":80},[52,14980,85],{"class":84},[52,14982,14455],{"class":88},[52,14984,4021],{"class":84},[52,14986,100],{"class":66},[52,14988,14966],{"class":70},[52,14990,100],{"class":66},[52,14992,3118],{"class":84},[20,14994,14995],{},"What these help you check:",[176,14997,14998,15001,15004],{},[179,14999,15000],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[179,15002,15003],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[179,15005,15006],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15008,15009,15010,92],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[289,15011,15013],{"href":15012},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[38,15015,1940],{"id":1939},[412,15017,1944,15019,15021],{"id":15018},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15020,12557],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15023,15024],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[412,15026,1971,15028,15030],{"id":15027},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,15029,12557],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15032,15033],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[412,15035,1987,15037,342,15039,1993],{"id":15036},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15038,12899],{},[15,15040,63],{},[20,15042,15043,15045,15046,15048],{},[15,15044,12899],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15047,63],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[412,15050,15052],{"id":15051},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15054,15055],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[38,15057,2005],{"id":2004},[176,15059,15060,15064,15068,15072,15079,15085],{},[179,15061,15062],{},[289,15063,11365],{"href":13149},[179,15065,15066],{},[289,15067,9276],{"href":13146},[179,15069,15070],{},[289,15071,13915],{"href":13914},[179,15073,15074],{},[289,15075,10859,15076,1441],{"href":14157},[15,15077,15078],{},"update()",[179,15080,15081],{},[289,15082,10859,15083,1441],{"href":12946},[15,15084,11444],{},[179,15086,15087],{},[289,15088,15089],{"href":15012},"How to copy a list in Python",[2035,15091,15092],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":15094},[15095,15096,15098,15099,15100,15101,15103,15109,15110,15111,15120],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":13118,"depth":77,"text":15097},"What the copy() method does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":13557,"depth":77,"text":13558},{"id":13918,"depth":77,"text":15102},"When to use copy()",{"id":14167,"depth":77,"text":15104,"children":15105},"copy() vs assignment",[15106,15107],{"id":14184,"depth":111,"text":14185},{"id":14392,"depth":111,"text":15108},"Using copy()",{"id":14623,"depth":77,"text":14624},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":15112},[15113,15115,15117,15119],{"id":15018,"depth":111,"text":15114},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15027,"depth":111,"text":15116},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15036,"depth":111,"text":15118},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15051,"depth":111,"text":15052},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12952,"description":15121},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15128,"title":15129,"body":15130,"description":17329,"extension":2078,"meta":17330,"navigation":221,"path":13149,"seo":17331,"stem":17332,"__hash__":17333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15131,"toc":17291},[15132,15135,15141,15150,15152,15228,15232,15281,15284,15288,15302,15305,15309,15322,15325,15358,15372,15375,15387,15391,15394,15402,15482,15486,15539,15543,15561,15563,15645,15648,15650,15653,15656,15679,15703,15707,15715,15718,15722,15731,15736,15794,15798,15831,15837,15843,15846,15901,15905,15955,15958,15964,15967,15975,15977,16022,16027,16036,16039,16042,16089,16091,16096,16099,16193,16197,16250,16253,16309,16312,16316,16319,16333,16337,16403,16407,16432,16435,16439,16517,16521,16524,16527,16547,16550,16603,16607,16610,16613,16626,16628,16717,16724,16727,16738,16740,16743,16763,16767,16770,16779,16782,16821,16825,16827,16836,16845,16847,16885,16889,16936,16940,16961,16965,16968,17080,17085,17183,17205,17207,17211,17218,17222,17228,17232,17235,17239,17242,17249,17257,17259,17285,17288],[10,15133,15129],{"id":15134},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15136,15137,15138,15140],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3865,15139,9252],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15142,15143,15144,32,15146,92],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[289,15145,9276],{"href":9275},[289,15147,15149],{"href":15148},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[38,15151,41],{"id":40},[43,15153,15155],{"className":45,"code":15154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15156,15157,15165,15183,15197,15210,15214,15218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15158,15159,15161,15163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15160,12986],{"class":58},[52,15162,63],{"class":62},[52,15164,11615],{"class":84},[52,15166,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15168,11620],{"class":66},[52,15170,459],{"class":70},[52,15172,100],{"class":66},[52,15174,174],{"class":84},[52,15176,67],{"class":66},[52,15178,13003],{"class":70},[52,15180,100],{"class":66},[52,15182,11636],{"class":84},[52,15184,15185,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,15186,11620],{"class":66},[52,15188,9419],{"class":70},[52,15190,100],{"class":66},[52,15192,174],{"class":84},[52,15194,7914],{"class":608},[52,15196,11636],{"class":84},[52,15198,15199,15201,15204,15206,15208],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,15200,11620],{"class":66},[52,15202,15203],{"class":70},"is_active",[52,15205,100],{"class":66},[52,15207,174],{"class":84},[52,15209,6546],{"class":145},[52,15211,15212],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,15213,9429],{"class":84},[52,15215,15216],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,15217,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,15219,15220,15222,15224,15226],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,15221,81],{"class":80},[52,15223,85],{"class":84},[52,15225,13750],{"class":88},[52,15227,329],{"class":84},[20,15229,15230],{},[3865,15231,135],{},[43,15233,15235],{"className":45,"code":15234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15236,15237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15238,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15240,9398],{"class":84},[52,15242,1888],{"class":66},[52,15244,459],{"class":70},[52,15246,1888],{"class":66},[52,15248,174],{"class":84},[52,15250,3416],{"class":66},[52,15252,13003],{"class":70},[52,15254,1888],{"class":66},[52,15256,318],{"class":84},[52,15258,3416],{"class":66},[52,15260,9419],{"class":70},[52,15262,1888],{"class":66},[52,15264,174],{"class":84},[52,15266,7914],{"class":608},[52,15268,318],{"class":84},[52,15270,3416],{"class":66},[52,15272,15203],{"class":70},[52,15274,1888],{"class":66},[52,15276,174],{"class":84},[52,15278,4037],{"class":145},[52,15280,9429],{"class":84},[20,15282,15283],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[38,15285,15287],{"id":15286},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[176,15289,15290,15293,15296,15299],{},[179,15291,15292],{},"What a dictionary is",[179,15294,15295],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[179,15297,15298],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[179,15300,15301],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[38,15303,15292],{"id":15304},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15306,9249,15307,92],{},[3865,15308,9252],{},[176,15310,15311,15317],{},[179,15312,15313,15314,15316],{},"A ",[3865,15315,14966],{}," is the label",[179,15318,15313,15319,15321],{},[3865,15320,2591],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15323,15324],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[43,15326,15328],{"className":45,"code":15327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15329,15330,15338,15354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15331,15332,15334,15336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15333,12986],{"class":58},[52,15335,63],{"class":62},[52,15337,11615],{"class":84},[52,15339,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15341,11620],{"class":66},[52,15343,459],{"class":70},[52,15345,100],{"class":66},[52,15347,174],{"class":84},[52,15349,67],{"class":66},[52,15351,13003],{"class":70},[52,15353,74],{"class":66},[52,15355,15356],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,15357,9429],{"class":84},[176,15359,15360,15366],{},[179,15361,15362,15365],{},[15,15363,15364],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[179,15367,15368,15371],{},[15,15369,15370],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15373,15374],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[176,15376,15377,15379,15381,15384],{},[179,15378,459],{},[179,15380,9419],{},[179,15382,15383],{},"email",[179,15385,15386],{},"country",[38,15388,15390],{"id":15389},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15392,15393],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15395,154,15396,15398,15399,92],{},[15,15397,3915],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15400,15401],{},"key: value",[43,15403,15405],{"className":45,"code":15404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15406,15407,15415,15433,15447,15464,15468,15472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15408,15409,15411,15413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15410,12986],{"class":58},[52,15412,63],{"class":62},[52,15414,11615],{"class":84},[52,15416,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15418,11620],{"class":66},[52,15420,459],{"class":70},[52,15422,100],{"class":66},[52,15424,174],{"class":84},[52,15426,67],{"class":66},[52,15428,13003],{"class":70},[52,15430,100],{"class":66},[52,15432,11636],{"class":84},[52,15434,15435,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,15436,11620],{"class":66},[52,15438,9419],{"class":70},[52,15440,100],{"class":66},[52,15442,174],{"class":84},[52,15444,7914],{"class":608},[52,15446,11636],{"class":84},[52,15448,15449,15451,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,15450,11620],{"class":66},[52,15452,15453],{"class":70},"course",[52,15455,100],{"class":66},[52,15457,174],{"class":84},[52,15459,67],{"class":66},[52,15461,7420],{"class":70},[52,15463,74],{"class":66},[52,15465,15466],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,15467,9429],{"class":84},[52,15469,15470],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,15471,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,15473,15474,15476,15478,15480],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,15475,81],{"class":80},[52,15477,85],{"class":84},[52,15479,13750],{"class":88},[52,15481,329],{"class":84},[20,15483,15484],{},[3865,15485,135],{},[43,15487,15489],{"className":45,"code":15488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15490,15491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15492,15493,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15494,9398],{"class":84},[52,15496,1888],{"class":66},[52,15498,459],{"class":70},[52,15500,1888],{"class":66},[52,15502,174],{"class":84},[52,15504,3416],{"class":66},[52,15506,13003],{"class":70},[52,15508,1888],{"class":66},[52,15510,318],{"class":84},[52,15512,3416],{"class":66},[52,15514,9419],{"class":70},[52,15516,1888],{"class":66},[52,15518,174],{"class":84},[52,15520,7914],{"class":608},[52,15522,318],{"class":84},[52,15524,3416],{"class":66},[52,15526,15453],{"class":70},[52,15528,1888],{"class":66},[52,15530,174],{"class":84},[52,15532,3416],{"class":66},[52,15534,7420],{"class":70},[52,15536,1888],{"class":66},[52,15538,9429],{"class":84},[412,15540,15542],{"id":15541},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[176,15544,15545,15550,15555,15558],{},[179,15546,154,15547,15549],{},[15,15548,3915],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[179,15551,15552,15553],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15554,15401],{},[179,15556,15557],{},"Separate items with commas",[179,15559,15560],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15562,197],{},[43,15564,15566],{"className":45,"code":15565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15567,15568,15577,15597,15613,15626,15630,15634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15569,15570,15573,15575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15571,15572],{"class":58},"book ",[52,15574,63],{"class":62},[52,15576,11615],{"class":84},[52,15578,15579,15581,15584,15586,15588,15590,15593,15595],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15580,11620],{"class":66},[52,15582,15583],{"class":70},"title",[52,15585,100],{"class":66},[52,15587,174],{"class":84},[52,15589,67],{"class":66},[52,15591,15592],{"class":70},"Python Basics",[52,15594,100],{"class":66},[52,15596,11636],{"class":84},[52,15598,15599,15601,15604,15606,15608,15611],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,15600,11620],{"class":66},[52,15602,15603],{"class":70},"pages",[52,15605,100],{"class":66},[52,15607,174],{"class":84},[52,15609,15610],{"class":608}," 150",[52,15612,11636],{"class":84},[52,15614,15615,15617,15620,15622,15624],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,15616,11620],{"class":66},[52,15618,15619],{"class":70},"available",[52,15621,100],{"class":66},[52,15623,174],{"class":84},[52,15625,6546],{"class":145},[52,15627,15628],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,15629,9429],{"class":84},[52,15631,15632],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,15633,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,15635,15636,15638,15640,15643],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,15637,81],{"class":80},[52,15639,85],{"class":84},[52,15641,15642],{"class":88},"book",[52,15644,329],{"class":84},[20,15646,15647],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[38,15649,9523],{"id":9522},[20,15651,15652],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15654,15655],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[43,15657,15659],{"className":45,"code":15658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15660,15661,15669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15662,15663,15665,15667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15664,9286],{"class":58},[52,15666,63],{"class":62},[52,15668,9959],{"class":84},[52,15670,15671,15673,15675,15677],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15672,81],{"class":80},[52,15674,85],{"class":84},[52,15676,9325],{"class":88},[52,15678,329],{"class":84},[43,15680,15681],{"className":45,"code":9526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15682,15683,15693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15684,15685,15687,15689,15691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15686,9286],{"class":58},[52,15688,63],{"class":62},[52,15690,9291],{"class":1929},[52,15692,8763],{"class":84},[52,15694,15695,15697,15699,15701],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15696,81],{"class":80},[52,15698,85],{"class":84},[52,15700,9325],{"class":88},[52,15702,329],{"class":84},[20,15704,15705],{},[3865,15706,135],{},[43,15708,15709],{"className":45,"code":9555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15710,15711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15712,15713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15714,9555],{"class":84},[20,15716,15717],{},"Both are correct.",[412,15719,15721],{"id":15720},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15723,15724,15726,15727,15730],{},[15,15725,3915],{}," creates an empty ",[3865,15728,15729],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15732,15733,15734,92],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15735,3920],{},[43,15737,15739],{"className":45,"code":15738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15740,15741,15749,15761,15765,15779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15742,15743,15745,15747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15744,11847],{"class":58},[52,15746,63],{"class":62},[52,15748,9959],{"class":84},[52,15750,15751,15754,15756,15759],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15752,15753],{"class":58},"my_set ",[52,15755,63],{"class":62},[52,15757,15758],{"class":1929}," set",[52,15760,8763],{"class":84},[52,15762,15763],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,15764,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,15766,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,15768,81],{"class":80},[52,15770,85],{"class":84},[52,15772,1930],{"class":1929},[52,15774,85],{"class":84},[52,15776,11571],{"class":88},[52,15778,108],{"class":84},[52,15780,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789,15792],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,15782,81],{"class":80},[52,15784,85],{"class":84},[52,15786,1930],{"class":1929},[52,15788,85],{"class":84},[52,15790,15791],{"class":88},"my_set",[52,15793,108],{"class":84},[20,15795,15796],{},[3865,15797,135],{},[43,15799,15801],{"className":45,"code":15800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15802,15803,15817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15804,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15806,3410],{"class":62},[52,15808,3413],{"class":2180},[52,15810,3416],{"class":66},[52,15812,8941],{"class":70},[52,15814,1888],{"class":66},[52,15816,3423],{"class":62},[52,15818,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15820,3410],{"class":62},[52,15822,3413],{"class":2180},[52,15824,3416],{"class":66},[52,15826,6410],{"class":70},[52,15828,1888],{"class":66},[52,15830,3423],{"class":62},[38,15832,15834,15835],{"id":15833},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15836,9240],{},[20,15838,15839,15840,15842],{},"You can also use ",[15,15841,9240],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15844,15845],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[43,15847,15849],{"className":45,"code":15848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15850,15851,15891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15852,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15880,15882,15885,15887,15889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15854,12986],{"class":58},[52,15856,63],{"class":62},[52,15858,9291],{"class":1929},[52,15860,85],{"class":84},[52,15862,459],{"class":9296},[52,15864,63],{"class":62},[52,15866,100],{"class":66},[52,15868,13003],{"class":70},[52,15870,100],{"class":66},[52,15872,318],{"class":84},[52,15874,9309],{"class":9296},[52,15876,63],{"class":62},[52,15878,15879],{"class":608},"20",[52,15881,318],{"class":84},[52,15883,15884],{"class":9296}," active",[52,15886,63],{"class":62},[52,15888,31],{"class":145},[52,15890,329],{"class":84},[52,15892,15893,15895,15897,15899],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,15894,81],{"class":80},[52,15896,85],{"class":84},[52,15898,13750],{"class":88},[52,15900,329],{"class":84},[20,15902,15903],{},[3865,15904,135],{},[43,15906,15908],{"className":45,"code":15907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15909,15910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15911,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15947,15949,15951,15953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15913,9398],{"class":84},[52,15915,1888],{"class":66},[52,15917,459],{"class":70},[52,15919,1888],{"class":66},[52,15921,174],{"class":84},[52,15923,3416],{"class":66},[52,15925,13003],{"class":70},[52,15927,1888],{"class":66},[52,15929,318],{"class":84},[52,15931,3416],{"class":66},[52,15933,9419],{"class":70},[52,15935,1888],{"class":66},[52,15937,174],{"class":84},[52,15939,7914],{"class":608},[52,15941,318],{"class":84},[52,15943,3416],{"class":66},[52,15945,15946],{"class":70},"active",[52,15948,1888],{"class":66},[52,15950,174],{"class":84},[52,15952,4037],{"class":145},[52,15954,9429],{"class":84},[20,15956,15957],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[412,15959,15961,15962],{"id":15960},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15963,9240],{},[20,15965,15966],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[176,15968,15969,15972],{},[179,15970,15971],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[179,15973,15974],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15976,6812],{},[43,15978,15980],{"className":45,"code":15979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15981,15982,16012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15983,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15985,11610],{"class":58},[52,15987,63],{"class":62},[52,15989,9291],{"class":1929},[52,15991,85],{"class":84},[52,15993,459],{"class":9296},[52,15995,63],{"class":62},[52,15997,100],{"class":66},[52,15999,7800],{"class":70},[52,16001,100],{"class":66},[52,16003,318],{"class":84},[52,16005,9309],{"class":9296},[52,16007,63],{"class":62},[52,16009,9314],{"class":608},[52,16011,329],{"class":84},[52,16013,16014,16016,16018,16020],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16015,81],{"class":80},[52,16017,85],{"class":84},[52,16019,11704],{"class":88},[52,16021,329],{"class":84},[20,16023,4749,16024,16026],{},[3865,16025,4752],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[43,16028,16030],{"className":45,"code":16029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16031,16032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16033,16034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16035,16029],{"class":1479},[20,16037,16038],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16040,16041],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[43,16043,16045],{"className":45,"code":16044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16046,16047,16055,16071,16075,16079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16048,16049,16051,16053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16050,11610],{"class":58},[52,16052,63],{"class":62},[52,16054,11615],{"class":84},[52,16056,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16058,11620],{"class":66},[52,16060,10617],{"class":70},[52,16062,100],{"class":66},[52,16064,174],{"class":84},[52,16066,67],{"class":66},[52,16068,7800],{"class":70},[52,16070,74],{"class":66},[52,16072,16073],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16074,9429],{"class":84},[52,16076,16077],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,16078,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16080,16081,16083,16085,16087],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,16082,81],{"class":80},[52,16084,85],{"class":84},[52,16086,11704],{"class":88},[52,16088,329],{"class":84},[38,16090,9565],{"id":9564},[20,16092,16093,16095],{},[15,16094,9240],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16097,16098],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[43,16100,16102],{"className":45,"code":16101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16103,16104,16161,16165,16179,16183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16105,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148,16150,16152,16154,16157,16159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16107,9336],{"class":58},[52,16109,63],{"class":62},[52,16111,9341],{"class":84},[52,16113,100],{"class":66},[52,16115,459],{"class":70},[52,16117,100],{"class":66},[52,16119,318],{"class":84},[52,16121,67],{"class":66},[52,16123,13003],{"class":70},[52,16125,100],{"class":66},[52,16127,9354],{"class":84},[52,16129,1370],{"class":84},[52,16131,100],{"class":66},[52,16133,9419],{"class":70},[52,16135,100],{"class":66},[52,16137,318],{"class":84},[52,16139,7914],{"class":608},[52,16141,9354],{"class":84},[52,16143,1370],{"class":84},[52,16145,100],{"class":66},[52,16147,10530],{"class":70},[52,16149,100],{"class":66},[52,16151,318],{"class":84},[52,16153,67],{"class":66},[52,16155,16156],{"class":70},"Lima",[52,16158,100],{"class":66},[52,16160,9369],{"class":84},[52,16162,16163],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16164,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16166,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16168,12986],{"class":58},[52,16170,63],{"class":62},[52,16172,9291],{"class":1929},[52,16174,85],{"class":84},[52,16176,9382],{"class":88},[52,16178,329],{"class":84},[52,16180,16181],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,16182,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16184,16185,16187,16189,16191],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,16186,81],{"class":80},[52,16188,85],{"class":84},[52,16190,13750],{"class":88},[52,16192,329],{"class":84},[20,16194,16195],{},[3865,16196,135],{},[43,16198,16200],{"className":45,"code":16199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16201,16202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16203,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16205,9398],{"class":84},[52,16207,1888],{"class":66},[52,16209,459],{"class":70},[52,16211,1888],{"class":66},[52,16213,174],{"class":84},[52,16215,3416],{"class":66},[52,16217,13003],{"class":70},[52,16219,1888],{"class":66},[52,16221,318],{"class":84},[52,16223,3416],{"class":66},[52,16225,9419],{"class":70},[52,16227,1888],{"class":66},[52,16229,174],{"class":84},[52,16231,7914],{"class":608},[52,16233,318],{"class":84},[52,16235,3416],{"class":66},[52,16237,10530],{"class":70},[52,16239,1888],{"class":66},[52,16241,174],{"class":84},[52,16243,3416],{"class":66},[52,16245,16156],{"class":70},[52,16247,1888],{"class":66},[52,16249,9429],{"class":84},[20,16251,16252],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[43,16254,16256],{"className":45,"code":16255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16257,16258,16299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16259,16260,16262,16264,16266,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16261,12986],{"class":58},[52,16263,63],{"class":62},[52,16265,9291],{"class":1929},[52,16267,16268],{"class":84},"(((",[52,16270,100],{"class":66},[52,16272,459],{"class":70},[52,16274,100],{"class":66},[52,16276,318],{"class":84},[52,16278,67],{"class":66},[52,16280,13003],{"class":70},[52,16282,100],{"class":66},[52,16284,9354],{"class":84},[52,16286,1370],{"class":84},[52,16288,100],{"class":66},[52,16290,9419],{"class":70},[52,16292,100],{"class":66},[52,16294,318],{"class":84},[52,16296,7914],{"class":608},[52,16298,546],{"class":84},[52,16300,16301,16303,16305,16307],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16302,81],{"class":80},[52,16304,85],{"class":84},[52,16306,13750],{"class":88},[52,16308,329],{"class":84},[20,16310,16311],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[38,16313,16315],{"id":16314},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16317,16318],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[176,16320,16321,16324,16327,16330],{},[179,16322,16323],{},"Keys must be unique",[179,16325,16326],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[179,16328,16329],{},"Values can repeat",[179,16331,16332],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[412,16334,16336],{"id":16335},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[43,16338,16340],{"className":45,"code":16339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16341,16342,16350,16368,16385,16389,16393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16343,16344,16346,16348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16345,9286],{"class":58},[52,16347,63],{"class":62},[52,16349,11615],{"class":84},[52,16351,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16353,11620],{"class":66},[52,16355,459],{"class":70},[52,16357,100],{"class":66},[52,16359,174],{"class":84},[52,16361,67],{"class":66},[52,16363,13003],{"class":70},[52,16365,100],{"class":66},[52,16367,11636],{"class":84},[52,16369,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16383],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16371,11620],{"class":66},[52,16373,459],{"class":70},[52,16375,100],{"class":66},[52,16377,174],{"class":84},[52,16379,67],{"class":66},[52,16381,16382],{"class":70},"Maria",[52,16384,74],{"class":66},[52,16386,16387],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,16388,9429],{"class":84},[52,16390,16391],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,16392,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16394,16395,16397,16399,16401],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,16396,81],{"class":80},[52,16398,85],{"class":84},[52,16400,9325],{"class":88},[52,16402,329],{"class":84},[20,16404,16405],{},[3865,16406,135],{},[43,16408,16410],{"className":45,"code":16409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16411,16412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16413,16414,16416,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16415,9398],{"class":84},[52,16417,1888],{"class":66},[52,16419,459],{"class":70},[52,16421,1888],{"class":66},[52,16423,174],{"class":84},[52,16425,3416],{"class":66},[52,16427,16382],{"class":70},[52,16429,1888],{"class":66},[52,16431,9429],{"class":84},[20,16433,16434],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[412,16436,16438],{"id":16437},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[43,16440,16442],{"className":45,"code":16441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16443,16444,16452,16468,16484,16498,16502,16506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16445,16446,16448,16450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16447,5187],{"class":58},[52,16449,63],{"class":62},[52,16451,11615],{"class":84},[52,16453,16454,16457,16459,16461,16464,16466],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16455,16456],{"class":608},"    1",[52,16458,174],{"class":84},[52,16460,67],{"class":66},[52,16462,16463],{"class":70},"low",[52,16465,100],{"class":66},[52,16467,11636],{"class":84},[52,16469,16470,16473,16475,16477,16480,16482],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16471,16472],{"class":608},"    2",[52,16474,174],{"class":84},[52,16476,67],{"class":66},[52,16478,16479],{"class":70},"medium",[52,16481,100],{"class":66},[52,16483,11636],{"class":84},[52,16485,16486,16489,16491,16493,16496],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,16487,16488],{"class":608},"    3",[52,16490,174],{"class":84},[52,16492,67],{"class":66},[52,16494,16495],{"class":70},"high",[52,16497,74],{"class":66},[52,16499,16500],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,16501,9429],{"class":84},[52,16503,16504],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,16505,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16507,16508,16510,16512,16515],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,16509,81],{"class":80},[52,16511,85],{"class":84},[52,16513,16514],{"class":88},"scores",[52,16516,329],{"class":84},[412,16518,16520],{"id":16519},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16522,16523],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16525,16526],{},"This will cause an error:",[43,16528,16530],{"className":45,"code":16529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16531,16532,16537,16542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16533,16534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16535,16536],{"class":1479},"# bad = {\n",[52,16538,16539],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16540,16541],{"class":1479},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[52,16543,16544],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16545,16546],{"class":1479},"# }\n",[20,16548,16549],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[43,16551,16553],{"className":45,"code":16552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16554,16555,16564,16584,16588,16592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16556,16557,16560,16562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16558,16559],{"class":58},"good ",[52,16561,63],{"class":62},[52,16563,11615],{"class":84},[52,16565,16566,16569,16571,16573,16575,16578,16580,16582],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16567,16568],{"class":84},"    (",[52,16570,3106],{"class":608},[52,16572,318],{"class":84},[52,16574,3111],{"class":608},[52,16576,16577],{"class":84},"):",[52,16579,67],{"class":66},[52,16581,3771],{"class":70},[52,16583,74],{"class":66},[52,16585,16586],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16587,9429],{"class":84},[52,16589,16590],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,16591,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16593,16594,16596,16598,16601],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,16595,81],{"class":80},[52,16597,85],{"class":84},[52,16599,16600],{"class":88},"good",[52,16602,329],{"class":84},[38,16604,16606],{"id":16605},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16608,16609],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16611,16612],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[176,16614,16615,16618,16620,16623],{},[179,16616,16617],{},"user data",[179,16619,14009],{},[179,16621,16622],{},"counters",[179,16624,16625],{},"lookups",[20,16627,197],{},[43,16629,16631],{"className":45,"code":16630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16632,16633,16641,16660,16679,16691,16695,16699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16634,16635,16637,16639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16636,11610],{"class":58},[52,16638,63],{"class":62},[52,16640,11615],{"class":84},[52,16642,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16656,16658],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16644,11620],{"class":66},[52,16646,8109],{"class":70},[52,16648,100],{"class":66},[52,16650,174],{"class":84},[52,16652,67],{"class":66},[52,16654,16655],{"class":70},"ana123",[52,16657,100],{"class":66},[52,16659,11636],{"class":84},[52,16661,16662,16664,16666,16668,16670,16672,16675,16677],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,16663,11620],{"class":66},[52,16665,15383],{"class":70},[52,16667,100],{"class":66},[52,16669,174],{"class":84},[52,16671,67],{"class":66},[52,16673,16674],{"class":70},"ana@example.com",[52,16676,100],{"class":66},[52,16678,11636],{"class":84},[52,16680,16681,16683,16685,16687,16689],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,16682,11620],{"class":66},[52,16684,12637],{"class":70},[52,16686,100],{"class":66},[52,16688,174],{"class":84},[52,16690,6546],{"class":145},[52,16692,16693],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,16694,9429],{"class":84},[52,16696,16697],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,16698,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,16700,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711,16713,16715],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,16702,81],{"class":80},[52,16704,85],{"class":84},[52,16706,11704],{"class":88},[52,16708,4021],{"class":84},[52,16710,100],{"class":66},[52,16712,15383],{"class":70},[52,16714,100],{"class":66},[52,16716,4009],{"class":84},[20,16718,16719,16720,92],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[289,16721,16723],{"href":16722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16725,16726],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[176,16728,16729,16732,16735],{},[179,16730,16731],{},"labels are not needed",[179,16733,16734],{},"you mostly care about position",[179,16736,16737],{},"order matters more than named fields",[38,16739,1445],{"id":1444},[20,16741,16742],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[176,16744,16745,16748,16751,16754,16757],{},[179,16746,16747],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[179,16749,16750],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[179,16752,16753],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[179,16755,16756],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[179,16758,16759,16760,16762],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16761,3915],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[412,16764,16766],{"id":16765},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16768,16769],{},"Wrong:",[43,16771,16773],{"className":45,"code":16772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16774,16775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16776,16777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16778,16772],{"class":1479},[20,16780,16781],{},"Correct:",[43,16783,16785],{"className":45,"code":16784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16786,16787,16811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16788,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16790,12986],{"class":58},[52,16792,63],{"class":62},[52,16794,10612],{"class":84},[52,16796,100],{"class":66},[52,16798,459],{"class":70},[52,16800,100],{"class":66},[52,16802,174],{"class":84},[52,16804,67],{"class":66},[52,16806,13003],{"class":70},[52,16808,100],{"class":66},[52,16810,9429],{"class":84},[52,16812,16813,16815,16817,16819],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16814,81],{"class":80},[52,16816,85],{"class":84},[52,16818,13750],{"class":88},[52,16820,329],{"class":84},[412,16822,16824],{"id":16823},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16826,16769],{},[43,16828,16830],{"className":45,"code":16829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16831,16832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16833,16834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16835,16829],{"class":1479},[20,16837,16838,16839,16841,16842,16844],{},"This only works if ",[15,16840,459],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16843,15364],{},", use quotes.",[20,16846,16781],{},[43,16848,16849],{"className":45,"code":16784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,16850,16851,16875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16852,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16854,12986],{"class":58},[52,16856,63],{"class":62},[52,16858,10612],{"class":84},[52,16860,100],{"class":66},[52,16862,459],{"class":70},[52,16864,100],{"class":66},[52,16866,174],{"class":84},[52,16868,67],{"class":66},[52,16870,13003],{"class":70},[52,16872,100],{"class":66},[52,16874,9429],{"class":84},[52,16876,16877,16879,16881,16883],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16878,81],{"class":80},[52,16880,85],{"class":84},[52,16882,13750],{"class":88},[52,16884,329],{"class":84},[412,16886,16888],{"id":16887},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[43,16890,16892],{"className":45,"code":16891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16893,16894,16926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16895,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16897,9286],{"class":58},[52,16899,63],{"class":62},[52,16901,10612],{"class":84},[52,16903,100],{"class":66},[52,16905,9419],{"class":70},[52,16907,100],{"class":66},[52,16909,174],{"class":84},[52,16911,7914],{"class":608},[52,16913,318],{"class":84},[52,16915,67],{"class":66},[52,16917,9419],{"class":70},[52,16919,100],{"class":66},[52,16921,174],{"class":84},[52,16923,7919],{"class":608},[52,16925,9429],{"class":84},[52,16927,16928,16930,16932,16934],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,16929,81],{"class":80},[52,16931,85],{"class":84},[52,16933,9325],{"class":88},[52,16935,329],{"class":84},[20,16937,16938],{},[3865,16939,135],{},[43,16941,16943],{"className":45,"code":16942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16944,16945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16946,16947,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16948,9398],{"class":84},[52,16950,1888],{"class":66},[52,16952,9419],{"class":70},[52,16954,1888],{"class":66},[52,16956,174],{"class":84},[52,16958,7919],{"class":608},[52,16960,9429],{"class":84},[38,16962,16964],{"id":16963},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16966,16967],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[43,16969,16971],{"className":45,"code":16970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16972,16973,17009,17013,17023,17037,17052,17066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16974,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16976,11847],{"class":58},[52,16978,63],{"class":62},[52,16980,10612],{"class":84},[52,16982,100],{"class":66},[52,16984,459],{"class":70},[52,16986,100],{"class":66},[52,16988,174],{"class":84},[52,16990,67],{"class":66},[52,16992,13003],{"class":70},[52,16994,100],{"class":66},[52,16996,318],{"class":84},[52,16998,67],{"class":66},[52,17000,9419],{"class":70},[52,17002,100],{"class":66},[52,17004,174],{"class":84},[52,17006,7914],{"class":608},[52,17008,9429],{"class":84},[52,17010,17011],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,17012,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,17014,17015,17017,17019,17021],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,17016,81],{"class":80},[52,17018,85],{"class":84},[52,17020,11571],{"class":88},[52,17022,329],{"class":84},[52,17024,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,17026,81],{"class":80},[52,17028,85],{"class":84},[52,17030,1930],{"class":1929},[52,17032,85],{"class":84},[52,17034,11571],{"class":88},[52,17036,108],{"class":84},[52,17038,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17050],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,17040,81],{"class":80},[52,17042,85],{"class":84},[52,17044,11571],{"class":88},[52,17046,92],{"class":84},[52,17048,17049],{"class":88},"keys",[52,17051,7317],{"class":84},[52,17053,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,17055,81],{"class":80},[52,17057,85],{"class":84},[52,17059,11571],{"class":88},[52,17061,92],{"class":84},[52,17063,5482],{"class":88},[52,17065,7317],{"class":84},[52,17067,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,17069,81],{"class":80},[52,17071,85],{"class":84},[52,17073,11284],{"class":80},[52,17075,85],{"class":84},[52,17077,11571],{"class":88},[52,17079,108],{"class":84},[20,17081,17082],{},[3865,17083,17084],{},"Example output:",[43,17086,17088],{"className":45,"code":17087,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17089,17090,17122,17136,17159,17178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17091,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17093,9398],{"class":84},[52,17095,1888],{"class":66},[52,17097,459],{"class":70},[52,17099,1888],{"class":66},[52,17101,174],{"class":84},[52,17103,3416],{"class":66},[52,17105,13003],{"class":70},[52,17107,1888],{"class":66},[52,17109,318],{"class":84},[52,17111,3416],{"class":66},[52,17113,9419],{"class":70},[52,17115,1888],{"class":66},[52,17117,174],{"class":84},[52,17119,7914],{"class":608},[52,17121,9429],{"class":84},[52,17123,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,17125,3410],{"class":62},[52,17127,3413],{"class":2180},[52,17129,3416],{"class":66},[52,17131,8941],{"class":70},[52,17133,1888],{"class":66},[52,17135,3423],{"class":62},[52,17137,17138,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,17139,17140],{"class":88},"dict_keys",[52,17142,3103],{"class":84},[52,17144,1888],{"class":66},[52,17146,459],{"class":70},[52,17148,1888],{"class":66},[52,17150,318],{"class":84},[52,17152,3416],{"class":66},[52,17154,9419],{"class":70},[52,17156,1888],{"class":66},[52,17158,4009],{"class":84},[52,17160,17161,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,17162,17163],{"class":88},"dict_values",[52,17165,3103],{"class":84},[52,17167,1888],{"class":66},[52,17169,13003],{"class":70},[52,17171,1888],{"class":66},[52,17173,318],{"class":84},[52,17175,7914],{"class":608},[52,17177,4009],{"class":84},[52,17179,17180],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,17181,17182],{"class":608},"2\n",[20,17184,17185,17186,2305,17192,17198,17199,92],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[289,17187,10859,17189],{"href":17188},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17190,17191],{},"keys()",[289,17193,10859,17195],{"href":17194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17196,17197],{},"values()",", and ",[289,17200,10859,17202],{"href":17201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17203,17204],{},"items()",[38,17206,1940],{"id":1939},[412,17208,17210],{"id":17209},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17212,154,17213,32,17215,17217],{},[15,17214,3915],{},[15,17216,9240],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[412,17219,17221],{"id":17220},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17223,17224,17225,92],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17226,17227],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[412,17229,17231],{"id":17230},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17233,17234],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[412,17236,17238],{"id":17237},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17240,17241],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[412,17243,1987,17245,342,17247,1993],{"id":17244},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17246,3915],{},[15,17248,9240],{},[20,17250,17251,17253,17254,17256],{},[15,17252,3915],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17255,9240],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[38,17258,2005],{"id":2004},[176,17260,17261,17265,17271,17275,17281],{},[179,17262,17263],{},[289,17264,9276],{"href":9275},[179,17266,17267],{},[289,17268,10859,17269,1441],{"href":10858},[15,17270,10862],{},[179,17272,17273],{},[289,17274,11374],{"href":10853},[179,17276,17277],{},[289,17278,17280],{"href":17279},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[179,17282,17283],{},[289,17284,11385],{"href":11196},[20,17286,17287],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2035,17289,17290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":17292},[17293,17294,17295,17296,17299,17302,17307,17308,17313,17314,17319,17320,17328],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":15286,"depth":77,"text":15287},{"id":15304,"depth":77,"text":15292},{"id":15389,"depth":77,"text":15390,"children":17297},[17298],{"id":15541,"depth":111,"text":15542},{"id":9522,"depth":77,"text":9523,"children":17300},[17301],{"id":15720,"depth":111,"text":15721},{"id":15833,"depth":77,"text":17303,"children":17304},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17305],{"id":15960,"depth":111,"text":17306},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9564,"depth":77,"text":9565},{"id":16314,"depth":77,"text":16315,"children":17309},[17310,17311,17312],{"id":16335,"depth":111,"text":16336},{"id":16437,"depth":111,"text":16438},{"id":16519,"depth":111,"text":16520},{"id":16605,"depth":77,"text":16606},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":17315},[17316,17317,17318],{"id":16765,"depth":111,"text":16766},{"id":16823,"depth":111,"text":16824},{"id":16887,"depth":111,"text":16888},{"id":16963,"depth":77,"text":16964},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":17321},[17322,17323,17324,17325,17326],{"id":17209,"depth":111,"text":17210},{"id":17220,"depth":111,"text":17221},{"id":17230,"depth":111,"text":17231},{"id":17237,"depth":111,"text":17238},{"id":17244,"depth":111,"text":17327},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15129,"description":17329},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17335,"title":17336,"body":17337,"description":19786,"extension":2078,"meta":19787,"navigation":221,"path":19788,"seo":19789,"stem":19790,"__hash__":19791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17338,"toc":19742},[17339,17345,17351,17354,17357,17359,17441,17447,17452,17456,17474,17486,17491,17495,17518,17522,17534,17542,17544,17550,17552,17555,17630,17632,17677,17679,17696,17701,17707,17712,17786,17788,17833,17836,17847,17849,17968,17970,18023,18030,18034,18037,18054,18060,18064,18162,18164,18216,18223,18227,18233,18236,18239,18266,18271,18275,18278,18382,18384,18429,18432,18435,18440,18445,18456,18458,18519,18579,18585,18593,18599,18604,18609,18669,18673,18740,18743,18747,18818,18821,18834,18841,18843,18847,18851,18922,18924,18961,18964,18967,19030,19037,19040,19082,19092,19095,19164,19170,19175,19259,19261,19310,19317,19323,19368,19370,19403,19408,19412,19418,19457,19501,19569,19612,19614,19620,19623,19627,19632,19636,19639,19643,19645,19706,19708,19734,19739],[10,17340,11441,17342,18],{"id":17341},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17343,17344],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17346,17347,17350],{},[15,17348,17349],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17352,17353],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17355,17356],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[38,17358,41],{"id":40},[43,17360,17362],{"className":45,"code":17361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17363,17364,17397,17425,17436],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17365,17366,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17367,17368],{"class":58},"keys ",[52,17370,63],{"class":62},[52,17372,3744],{"class":84},[52,17374,100],{"class":66},[52,17376,459],{"class":70},[52,17378,100],{"class":66},[52,17380,318],{"class":84},[52,17382,67],{"class":66},[52,17384,9419],{"class":70},[52,17386,100],{"class":66},[52,17388,318],{"class":84},[52,17390,67],{"class":66},[52,17392,10530],{"class":70},[52,17394,100],{"class":66},[52,17396,3757],{"class":84},[52,17398,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17421,17423],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,17400,13328],{"class":58},[52,17402,63],{"class":62},[52,17404,9291],{"class":1929},[52,17406,92],{"class":84},[52,17408,17409],{"class":88},"fromkeys",[52,17411,85],{"class":84},[52,17413,17049],{"class":88},[52,17415,318],{"class":84},[52,17417,67],{"class":66},[52,17419,17420],{"class":70},"unknown",[52,17422,100],{"class":66},[52,17424,329],{"class":84},[52,17426,17427,17429,17431,17434],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,17428,81],{"class":80},[52,17430,85],{"class":84},[52,17432,17433],{"class":88},"person",[52,17435,329],{"class":84},[52,17437,17438],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,17439,17440],{"class":1479},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17442,154,17443,17446],{},[15,17444,17445],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[38,17448,166,17450,169],{"id":17449},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17451,17349],{},[20,17453,17454,174],{},[15,17455,17349],{},[176,17457,17458,17461,17464,17467],{},[179,17459,17460],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[179,17462,17463],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[179,17465,17466],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[179,17468,17469,17470,17473],{},"Is called as ",[15,17471,17472],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17475,17476,17477,17479,17480,17482,17483,92],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17478,8941],{},", so you write ",[15,17481,17472],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17484,17485],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17487,17488,17489,92],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[289,17490,9276],{"href":13146},[38,17492,17494],{"id":17493},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[43,17496,17498],{"className":45,"code":17497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17499,17500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17501,17502,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17503,8941],{"class":1929},[52,17505,92],{"class":84},[52,17507,17409],{"class":88},[52,17509,85],{"class":84},[52,17511,3842],{"class":88},[52,17513,318],{"class":84},[52,17515,8556],{"class":88},[52,17517,329],{"class":84},[412,17519,17521],{"id":17520},"parameters","Parameters",[176,17523,17524,17529],{},[179,17525,17526,17528],{},[15,17527,3842],{},": the keys to use",[179,17530,17531,17533],{},[15,17532,2591],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17535,17536,17537,17539,17540,92],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17538,2591],{},", each key gets ",[15,17541,3901],{},[412,17543,710],{"id":709},[20,17545,17546,17547,92],{},"It returns a ",[3865,17548,17549],{},"new dictionary",[38,17551,5910],{"id":5909},[20,17553,17554],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[43,17556,17558],{"className":45,"code":17557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17559,17560,17593,17615,17619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17561,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17563,17368],{"class":58},[52,17565,63],{"class":62},[52,17567,3744],{"class":84},[52,17569,100],{"class":66},[52,17571,13216],{"class":70},[52,17573,100],{"class":66},[52,17575,318],{"class":84},[52,17577,67],{"class":66},[52,17579,17580],{"class":70},"green",[52,17582,100],{"class":66},[52,17584,318],{"class":84},[52,17586,67],{"class":66},[52,17588,13233],{"class":70},[52,17590,100],{"class":66},[52,17592,3757],{"class":84},[52,17594,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,17596,13199],{"class":58},[52,17598,63],{"class":62},[52,17600,9291],{"class":1929},[52,17602,92],{"class":84},[52,17604,17409],{"class":88},[52,17606,85],{"class":84},[52,17608,17049],{"class":88},[52,17610,318],{"class":84},[52,17612,683],{"class":608},[52,17614,329],{"class":84},[52,17616,17617],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,17618,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,17620,17621,17623,17625,17628],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,17622,81],{"class":80},[52,17624,85],{"class":84},[52,17626,17627],{"class":88},"colors",[52,17629,329],{"class":84},[20,17631,135],{},[43,17633,17635],{"className":45,"code":17634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17636,17637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17638,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17640,9398],{"class":84},[52,17642,1888],{"class":66},[52,17644,13216],{"class":70},[52,17646,1888],{"class":66},[52,17648,174],{"class":84},[52,17650,683],{"class":608},[52,17652,318],{"class":84},[52,17654,3416],{"class":66},[52,17656,17580],{"class":70},[52,17658,1888],{"class":66},[52,17660,174],{"class":84},[52,17662,683],{"class":608},[52,17664,318],{"class":84},[52,17666,3416],{"class":66},[52,17668,13233],{"class":70},[52,17670,1888],{"class":66},[52,17672,174],{"class":84},[52,17674,683],{"class":608},[52,17676,9429],{"class":84},[20,17678,11806],{},[176,17680,17681,17686,17691],{},[179,17682,17683,17685],{},[15,17684,17049],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[179,17687,17688,17690],{},[15,17689,2235],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[179,17692,17693,17695],{},[15,17694,17349],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17697,17698,17699,92],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[289,17700,9512],{"href":13149},[38,17702,1828,17704,17706],{"id":17703},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17705,17344],{}," without a value",[20,17708,17709,17710,92],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17711,3901],{},[43,17713,17715],{"className":45,"code":17714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17716,17717,17751,17771,17775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17718,17719,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17747,17749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17720,17721],{"class":58},"fields ",[52,17723,63],{"class":62},[52,17725,3744],{"class":84},[52,17727,100],{"class":66},[52,17729,8109],{"class":70},[52,17731,100],{"class":66},[52,17733,318],{"class":84},[52,17735,67],{"class":66},[52,17737,15383],{"class":70},[52,17739,100],{"class":66},[52,17741,318],{"class":84},[52,17743,67],{"class":66},[52,17745,17746],{"class":70},"password",[52,17748,100],{"class":66},[52,17750,3757],{"class":84},[52,17752,17753,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17769],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,17754,17755],{"class":58},"user_data ",[52,17757,63],{"class":62},[52,17759,9291],{"class":1929},[52,17761,92],{"class":84},[52,17763,17409],{"class":88},[52,17765,85],{"class":84},[52,17767,17768],{"class":88},"fields",[52,17770,329],{"class":84},[52,17772,17773],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,17774,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,17776,17777,17779,17781,17784],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,17778,81],{"class":80},[52,17780,85],{"class":84},[52,17782,17783],{"class":88},"user_data",[52,17785,329],{"class":84},[20,17787,135],{},[43,17789,17791],{"className":45,"code":17790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17792,17793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17794,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17796,9398],{"class":84},[52,17798,1888],{"class":66},[52,17800,8109],{"class":70},[52,17802,1888],{"class":66},[52,17804,174],{"class":84},[52,17806,3974],{"class":145},[52,17808,318],{"class":84},[52,17810,3416],{"class":66},[52,17812,15383],{"class":70},[52,17814,1888],{"class":66},[52,17816,174],{"class":84},[52,17818,3974],{"class":145},[52,17820,318],{"class":84},[52,17822,3416],{"class":66},[52,17824,17746],{"class":70},[52,17826,1888],{"class":66},[52,17828,174],{"class":84},[52,17830,3974],{"class":145},[52,17832,9429],{"class":84},[20,17834,17835],{},"This is useful when:",[176,17837,17838,17841,17844],{},[179,17839,17840],{},"You want to create the keys first",[179,17842,17843],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[179,17845,17846],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17848,197],{},[43,17850,17852],{"className":45,"code":17851,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17853,17854,17886,17904,17908,17931,17954,17958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17855,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17857,17721],{"class":58},[52,17859,63],{"class":62},[52,17861,3744],{"class":84},[52,17863,100],{"class":66},[52,17865,8109],{"class":70},[52,17867,100],{"class":66},[52,17869,318],{"class":84},[52,17871,67],{"class":66},[52,17873,15383],{"class":70},[52,17875,100],{"class":66},[52,17877,318],{"class":84},[52,17879,67],{"class":66},[52,17881,17746],{"class":70},[52,17883,100],{"class":66},[52,17885,3757],{"class":84},[52,17887,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,17889,17755],{"class":58},[52,17891,63],{"class":62},[52,17893,9291],{"class":1929},[52,17895,92],{"class":84},[52,17897,17409],{"class":88},[52,17899,85],{"class":84},[52,17901,17768],{"class":88},[52,17903,329],{"class":84},[52,17905,17906],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,17907,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,17909,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17929],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,17911,17783],{"class":58},[52,17913,4021],{"class":84},[52,17915,100],{"class":66},[52,17917,8109],{"class":70},[52,17919,100],{"class":66},[52,17921,13397],{"class":84},[52,17923,13400],{"class":62},[52,17925,67],{"class":66},[52,17927,17928],{"class":70},"alice",[52,17930,74],{"class":66},[52,17932,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17952],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,17934,17783],{"class":58},[52,17936,4021],{"class":84},[52,17938,100],{"class":66},[52,17940,15383],{"class":70},[52,17942,100],{"class":66},[52,17944,13397],{"class":84},[52,17946,13400],{"class":62},[52,17948,67],{"class":66},[52,17950,17951],{"class":70},"alice@example.com",[52,17953,74],{"class":66},[52,17955,17956],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,17957,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,17959,17960,17962,17964,17966],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,17961,81],{"class":80},[52,17963,85],{"class":84},[52,17965,17783],{"class":88},[52,17967,329],{"class":84},[20,17969,135],{},[43,17971,17973],{"className":45,"code":17972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17974,17975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17976,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17978,9398],{"class":84},[52,17980,1888],{"class":66},[52,17982,8109],{"class":70},[52,17984,1888],{"class":66},[52,17986,174],{"class":84},[52,17988,3416],{"class":66},[52,17990,17928],{"class":70},[52,17992,1888],{"class":66},[52,17994,318],{"class":84},[52,17996,3416],{"class":66},[52,17998,15383],{"class":70},[52,18000,1888],{"class":66},[52,18002,174],{"class":84},[52,18004,3416],{"class":66},[52,18006,17951],{"class":70},[52,18008,1888],{"class":66},[52,18010,318],{"class":84},[52,18012,3416],{"class":66},[52,18014,17746],{"class":70},[52,18016,1888],{"class":66},[52,18018,174],{"class":84},[52,18020,3974],{"class":145},[52,18022,9429],{"class":84},[20,18024,18025,18026,92],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[289,18027,18029],{"href":18028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[38,18031,18033],{"id":18032},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18035,18036],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[176,18038,18039,18044,18049],{},[179,18040,18041,18043],{},[15,18042,3910],{}," (list)",[179,18045,18046,18048],{},[15,18047,3915],{}," (dictionary)",[179,18050,18051,18053],{},[15,18052,3920],{}," (set)",[20,18055,18056,18057,92],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3865,18058,18059],{},"same object",[412,18061,18063],{"id":18062},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[43,18065,18067],{"className":45,"code":18066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18068,18069,18101,18122,18126,18148,18152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18070,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18072,17368],{"class":58},[52,18074,63],{"class":62},[52,18076,3744],{"class":84},[52,18078,100],{"class":66},[52,18080,289],{"class":70},[52,18082,100],{"class":66},[52,18084,318],{"class":84},[52,18086,67],{"class":66},[52,18088,4883],{"class":70},[52,18090,100],{"class":66},[52,18092,318],{"class":84},[52,18094,67],{"class":66},[52,18096,9860],{"class":70},[52,18098,100],{"class":66},[52,18100,3757],{"class":84},[52,18102,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18104,9286],{"class":58},[52,18106,63],{"class":62},[52,18108,9291],{"class":1929},[52,18110,92],{"class":84},[52,18112,17409],{"class":88},[52,18114,85],{"class":84},[52,18116,17049],{"class":88},[52,18118,318],{"class":84},[52,18120,18121],{"class":84}," [])\n",[52,18123,18124],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,18125,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,18127,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,18129,9325],{"class":58},[52,18131,4021],{"class":84},[52,18133,100],{"class":66},[52,18135,289],{"class":70},[52,18137,100],{"class":66},[52,18139,13674],{"class":84},[52,18141,13677],{"class":88},[52,18143,85],{"class":84},[52,18145,3106],{"class":608},[52,18147,329],{"class":84},[52,18149,18150],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,18151,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,18153,18154,18156,18158,18160],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,18155,81],{"class":80},[52,18157,85],{"class":84},[52,18159,9325],{"class":88},[52,18161,329],{"class":84},[20,18163,135],{},[43,18165,18167],{"className":45,"code":18166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18168,18169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18170,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18172,9398],{"class":84},[52,18174,1888],{"class":66},[52,18176,289],{"class":70},[52,18178,1888],{"class":66},[52,18180,174],{"class":84},[52,18182,3744],{"class":84},[52,18184,3106],{"class":608},[52,18186,18187],{"class":84},"],",[52,18189,3416],{"class":66},[52,18191,4883],{"class":70},[52,18193,1888],{"class":66},[52,18195,174],{"class":84},[52,18197,3744],{"class":84},[52,18199,3106],{"class":608},[52,18201,18187],{"class":84},[52,18203,3416],{"class":66},[52,18205,9860],{"class":70},[52,18207,1888],{"class":66},[52,18209,174],{"class":84},[52,18211,3744],{"class":84},[52,18213,3106],{"class":608},[52,18215,13830],{"class":84},[20,18217,18218,18219,18222],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18220,18221],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[412,18224,18226],{"id":18225},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18228,18229,18232],{},[15,18230,18231],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18234,18235],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18237,18238],{},"So this:",[43,18240,18242],{"className":45,"code":18241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18243,18244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18245,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18247,9325],{"class":58},[52,18249,4021],{"class":84},[52,18251,100],{"class":66},[52,18253,289],{"class":70},[52,18255,100],{"class":66},[52,18257,13674],{"class":84},[52,18259,13677],{"class":88},[52,18261,85],{"class":84},[52,18263,3106],{"class":608},[52,18265,329],{"class":84},[20,18267,18268,18269,92],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18270,18221],{},[412,18272,18274],{"id":18273},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18276,18277],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[43,18279,18281],{"className":45,"code":18280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18282,18283,18315,18342,18346,18368,18372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18284,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18286,17368],{"class":58},[52,18288,63],{"class":62},[52,18290,3744],{"class":84},[52,18292,100],{"class":66},[52,18294,289],{"class":70},[52,18296,100],{"class":66},[52,18298,318],{"class":84},[52,18300,67],{"class":66},[52,18302,4883],{"class":70},[52,18304,100],{"class":66},[52,18306,318],{"class":84},[52,18308,67],{"class":66},[52,18310,9860],{"class":70},[52,18312,100],{"class":66},[52,18314,3757],{"class":84},[52,18316,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18330,18332,18335,18337,18340],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18318,9286],{"class":58},[52,18320,63],{"class":62},[52,18322,10612],{"class":84},[52,18324,14966],{"class":58},[52,18326,174],{"class":84},[52,18328,18329],{"class":84}," []",[52,18331,3998],{"class":761},[52,18333,18334],{"class":58}," key ",[52,18336,1638],{"class":761},[52,18338,18339],{"class":58}," keys",[52,18341,9429],{"class":84},[52,18343,18344],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,18345,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,18347,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,18349,9325],{"class":58},[52,18351,4021],{"class":84},[52,18353,100],{"class":66},[52,18355,289],{"class":70},[52,18357,100],{"class":66},[52,18359,13674],{"class":84},[52,18361,13677],{"class":88},[52,18363,85],{"class":84},[52,18365,3106],{"class":608},[52,18367,329],{"class":84},[52,18369,18370],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,18371,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,18373,18374,18376,18378,18380],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,18375,81],{"class":80},[52,18377,85],{"class":84},[52,18379,9325],{"class":88},[52,18381,329],{"class":84},[20,18383,135],{},[43,18385,18387],{"className":45,"code":18386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18388,18389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18390,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18392,9398],{"class":84},[52,18394,1888],{"class":66},[52,18396,289],{"class":70},[52,18398,1888],{"class":66},[52,18400,174],{"class":84},[52,18402,3744],{"class":84},[52,18404,3106],{"class":608},[52,18406,18187],{"class":84},[52,18408,3416],{"class":66},[52,18410,4883],{"class":70},[52,18412,1888],{"class":66},[52,18414,174],{"class":84},[52,18416,18417],{"class":84}," [],",[52,18419,3416],{"class":66},[52,18421,9860],{"class":70},[52,18423,1888],{"class":66},[52,18425,174],{"class":84},[52,18427,18428],{"class":84}," []}\n",[20,18430,18431],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18433,18434],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[38,18436,5084,18438],{"id":18437},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18439,17344],{},[20,18441,18442,18444],{},[15,18443,17349],{}," is a good choice when:",[176,18446,18447,18450,18453],{},[179,18448,18449],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[179,18451,18452],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[179,18454,18455],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18457,2241],{},[43,18459,18461],{"className":45,"code":18460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18462,18463,18508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18464,18465,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18500,18502,18504,18506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18466,18467],{"class":58},"flags ",[52,18469,63],{"class":62},[52,18471,9291],{"class":1929},[52,18473,92],{"class":84},[52,18475,17409],{"class":88},[52,18477,3103],{"class":84},[52,18479,100],{"class":66},[52,18481,18482],{"class":70},"is_admin",[52,18484,100],{"class":66},[52,18486,318],{"class":84},[52,18488,67],{"class":66},[52,18490,15203],{"class":70},[52,18492,100],{"class":66},[52,18494,318],{"class":84},[52,18496,67],{"class":66},[52,18498,18499],{"class":70},"is_verified",[52,18501,100],{"class":66},[52,18503,18187],{"class":84},[52,18505,4028],{"class":145},[52,18507,329],{"class":84},[52,18509,18510,18512,18514,18517],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18511,81],{"class":80},[52,18513,85],{"class":84},[52,18515,18516],{"class":88},"flags",[52,18518,329],{"class":84},[43,18520,18522],{"className":45,"code":18521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18523,18524,18569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18525,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18543,18545,18547,18549,18552,18554,18556,18558,18561,18563,18565,18567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18527,5187],{"class":58},[52,18529,63],{"class":62},[52,18531,9291],{"class":1929},[52,18533,92],{"class":84},[52,18535,17409],{"class":88},[52,18537,3103],{"class":84},[52,18539,100],{"class":66},[52,18541,18542],{"class":70},"math",[52,18544,100],{"class":66},[52,18546,318],{"class":84},[52,18548,67],{"class":66},[52,18550,18551],{"class":70},"science",[52,18553,100],{"class":66},[52,18555,318],{"class":84},[52,18557,67],{"class":66},[52,18559,18560],{"class":70},"history",[52,18562,100],{"class":66},[52,18564,18187],{"class":84},[52,18566,683],{"class":608},[52,18568,329],{"class":84},[52,18570,18571,18573,18575,18577],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18572,81],{"class":80},[52,18574,85],{"class":84},[52,18576,16514],{"class":88},[52,18578,329],{"class":84},[20,18580,18581,18582,18584],{},"It is ",[3865,18583,4752],{}," the best choice when:",[176,18586,18587,18590],{},[179,18588,18589],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[179,18591,18592],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[38,18594,18596,18598],{"id":18595},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18597,17344],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18600,18601,18603],{},[15,18602,17344],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[412,18605,1828,18607],{"id":18606},"using-fromkeys",[15,18608,17344],{},[43,18610,18612],{"className":45,"code":18611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18613,18614,18659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18615,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18633,18635,18637,18639,18642,18644,18646,18648,18651,18653,18655,18657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18617,13950],{"class":58},[52,18619,63],{"class":62},[52,18621,9291],{"class":1929},[52,18623,92],{"class":84},[52,18625,17409],{"class":88},[52,18627,3103],{"class":84},[52,18629,100],{"class":66},[52,18631,18632],{"class":70},"sound",[52,18634,100],{"class":66},[52,18636,318],{"class":84},[52,18638,67],{"class":66},[52,18640,18641],{"class":70},"music",[52,18643,100],{"class":66},[52,18645,318],{"class":84},[52,18647,67],{"class":66},[52,18649,18650],{"class":70},"notifications",[52,18652,100],{"class":66},[52,18654,18187],{"class":84},[52,18656,4037],{"class":145},[52,18658,329],{"class":84},[52,18660,18661,18663,18665,18667],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18662,81],{"class":80},[52,18664,85],{"class":84},[52,18666,14009],{"class":88},[52,18668,329],{"class":84},[412,18670,18672],{"id":18671},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[43,18674,18676],{"className":45,"code":18675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18677,18678,18686,18700,18714,18726,18730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18679,18680,18682,18684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18681,13950],{"class":58},[52,18683,63],{"class":62},[52,18685,11615],{"class":84},[52,18687,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18689,11620],{"class":66},[52,18691,18632],{"class":70},[52,18693,100],{"class":66},[52,18695,174],{"class":84},[52,18697,4037],{"class":145},[52,18699,11636],{"class":84},[52,18701,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,18703,11620],{"class":66},[52,18705,18641],{"class":70},[52,18707,100],{"class":66},[52,18709,174],{"class":84},[52,18711,4028],{"class":145},[52,18713,11636],{"class":84},[52,18715,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,18717,11620],{"class":66},[52,18719,18650],{"class":70},[52,18721,100],{"class":66},[52,18723,174],{"class":84},[52,18725,6546],{"class":145},[52,18727,18728],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,18729,9429],{"class":84},[52,18731,18732,18734,18736,18738],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,18733,81],{"class":80},[52,18735,85],{"class":84},[52,18737,14009],{"class":88},[52,18739,329],{"class":84},[20,18741,18742],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[412,18744,18746],{"id":18745},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[43,18748,18750],{"className":45,"code":18749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18751,18752,18784,18808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18753,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18755,17368],{"class":58},[52,18757,63],{"class":62},[52,18759,3744],{"class":84},[52,18761,100],{"class":66},[52,18763,289],{"class":70},[52,18765,100],{"class":66},[52,18767,318],{"class":84},[52,18769,67],{"class":66},[52,18771,4883],{"class":70},[52,18773,100],{"class":66},[52,18775,318],{"class":84},[52,18777,67],{"class":66},[52,18779,9860],{"class":70},[52,18781,100],{"class":66},[52,18783,3757],{"class":84},[52,18785,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18787,9286],{"class":58},[52,18789,63],{"class":62},[52,18791,10612],{"class":84},[52,18793,14966],{"class":58},[52,18795,174],{"class":84},[52,18797,18329],{"class":84},[52,18799,3998],{"class":761},[52,18801,18334],{"class":58},[52,18803,1638],{"class":761},[52,18805,18339],{"class":58},[52,18807,9429],{"class":84},[52,18809,18810,18812,18814,18816],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,18811,81],{"class":80},[52,18813,85],{"class":84},[52,18815,9325],{"class":88},[52,18817,329],{"class":84},[20,18819,18820],{},"Use:",[176,18822,18823,18828,18831],{},[179,18824,18825,18827],{},[15,18826,17344],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[179,18829,18830],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[179,18832,18833],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18835,18836,18837,92],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[289,18838,10859,18839,1441],{"href":14157},[15,18840,15078],{},[38,18842,1445],{"id":1444},[20,18844,14858,18845,92],{},[15,18846,17349],{},[412,18848,18850],{"id":18849},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[43,18852,18854],{"className":45,"code":18853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18855,18856,18889,18912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18857,18858,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18859,18860],{"class":58},"d ",[52,18862,63],{"class":62},[52,18864,9291],{"class":1929},[52,18866,92],{"class":84},[52,18868,17409],{"class":88},[52,18870,3103],{"class":84},[52,18872,100],{"class":66},[52,18874,289],{"class":70},[52,18876,100],{"class":66},[52,18878,318],{"class":84},[52,18880,67],{"class":66},[52,18882,4883],{"class":70},[52,18884,100],{"class":66},[52,18886,18187],{"class":84},[52,18888,18121],{"class":84},[52,18890,18891,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18892,18893],{"class":58},"d",[52,18895,4021],{"class":84},[52,18897,100],{"class":66},[52,18899,289],{"class":70},[52,18901,100],{"class":66},[52,18903,13674],{"class":84},[52,18905,13677],{"class":88},[52,18907,85],{"class":84},[52,18909,3106],{"class":608},[52,18911,329],{"class":84},[52,18913,18914,18916,18918,18920],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,18915,81],{"class":80},[52,18917,85],{"class":84},[52,18919,18893],{"class":88},[52,18921,329],{"class":84},[20,18923,135],{},[43,18925,18927],{"className":45,"code":18926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18928,18929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18930,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18932,9398],{"class":84},[52,18934,1888],{"class":66},[52,18936,289],{"class":70},[52,18938,1888],{"class":66},[52,18940,174],{"class":84},[52,18942,3744],{"class":84},[52,18944,3106],{"class":608},[52,18946,18187],{"class":84},[52,18948,3416],{"class":66},[52,18950,4883],{"class":70},[52,18952,1888],{"class":66},[52,18954,174],{"class":84},[52,18956,3744],{"class":84},[52,18958,3106],{"class":608},[52,18960,13830],{"class":84},[20,18962,18963],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18965,18966],{},"Use this instead:",[43,18968,18970],{"className":45,"code":18969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18971,18972,18996,19020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18973,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18975,17368],{"class":58},[52,18977,63],{"class":62},[52,18979,3744],{"class":84},[52,18981,100],{"class":66},[52,18983,289],{"class":70},[52,18985,100],{"class":66},[52,18987,318],{"class":84},[52,18989,67],{"class":66},[52,18991,4883],{"class":70},[52,18993,100],{"class":66},[52,18995,3757],{"class":84},[52,18997,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,18999,18860],{"class":58},[52,19001,63],{"class":62},[52,19003,10612],{"class":84},[52,19005,14966],{"class":58},[52,19007,174],{"class":84},[52,19009,18329],{"class":84},[52,19011,3998],{"class":761},[52,19013,18334],{"class":58},[52,19015,1638],{"class":761},[52,19017,18339],{"class":58},[52,19019,9429],{"class":84},[52,19021,19022,19024,19026,19028],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,19023,81],{"class":80},[52,19025,85],{"class":84},[52,19027,18893],{"class":88},[52,19029,329],{"class":84},[412,19031,19033,19034,19036],{"id":19032},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19035,17344],{}," on a list",[20,19038,19039],{},"Wrong idea:",[43,19041,19043],{"className":45,"code":19042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19044,19045,19077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19046,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19048,17368],{"class":58},[52,19050,63],{"class":62},[52,19052,3744],{"class":84},[52,19054,100],{"class":66},[52,19056,289],{"class":70},[52,19058,100],{"class":66},[52,19060,318],{"class":84},[52,19062,67],{"class":66},[52,19064,4883],{"class":70},[52,19066,100],{"class":66},[52,19068,318],{"class":84},[52,19070,67],{"class":66},[52,19072,9860],{"class":70},[52,19074,100],{"class":66},[52,19076,3757],{"class":84},[52,19078,19079],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19080,19081],{"class":1479},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19083,19084,19086,19087,19089,19090,92],{},[15,19085,17344],{}," belongs to ",[15,19088,8941],{},", not ",[15,19091,8217],{},[20,19093,19094],{},"Correct usage:",[43,19096,19098],{"className":45,"code":19097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19099,19100,19132,19154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19101,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19103,17368],{"class":58},[52,19105,63],{"class":62},[52,19107,3744],{"class":84},[52,19109,100],{"class":66},[52,19111,289],{"class":70},[52,19113,100],{"class":66},[52,19115,318],{"class":84},[52,19117,67],{"class":66},[52,19119,4883],{"class":70},[52,19121,100],{"class":66},[52,19123,318],{"class":84},[52,19125,67],{"class":66},[52,19127,9860],{"class":70},[52,19129,100],{"class":66},[52,19131,3757],{"class":84},[52,19133,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19135,18860],{"class":58},[52,19137,63],{"class":62},[52,19139,9291],{"class":1929},[52,19141,92],{"class":84},[52,19143,17409],{"class":88},[52,19145,85],{"class":84},[52,19147,17049],{"class":88},[52,19149,318],{"class":84},[52,19151,683],{"class":608},[52,19153,329],{"class":84},[52,19155,19156,19158,19160,19162],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,19157,81],{"class":80},[52,19159,85],{"class":84},[52,19161,18893],{"class":88},[52,19163,329],{"class":84},[412,19165,1725,19167,19169],{"id":19166},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19168,17344],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19171,19172,19174],{},[15,19173,17349],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[43,19176,19178],{"className":45,"code":19177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19179,19180,19200,19234,19238,19248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19181,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19183,12209],{"class":58},[52,19185,63],{"class":62},[52,19187,10612],{"class":84},[52,19189,100],{"class":66},[52,19191,2289],{"class":70},[52,19193,100],{"class":66},[52,19195,174],{"class":84},[52,19197,5621],{"class":608},[52,19199,9429],{"class":84},[52,19201,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19203,13161],{"class":58},[52,19205,63],{"class":62},[52,19207,9291],{"class":1929},[52,19209,92],{"class":84},[52,19211,17409],{"class":88},[52,19213,3103],{"class":84},[52,19215,100],{"class":66},[52,19217,289],{"class":70},[52,19219,100],{"class":66},[52,19221,318],{"class":84},[52,19223,67],{"class":66},[52,19225,4883],{"class":70},[52,19227,100],{"class":66},[52,19229,18187],{"class":84},[52,19231,683],{"class":608},[52,19233,329],{"class":84},[52,19235,19236],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,19237,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,19239,19240,19242,19244,19246],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,19241,81],{"class":80},[52,19243,85],{"class":84},[52,19245,12256],{"class":88},[52,19247,329],{"class":84},[52,19249,19250,19252,19254,19257],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,19251,81],{"class":80},[52,19253,85],{"class":84},[52,19255,19256],{"class":88},"new_dict",[52,19258,329],{"class":84},[20,19260,135],{},[43,19262,19264],{"className":45,"code":19263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19265,19266,19282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19267,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19269,9398],{"class":84},[52,19271,1888],{"class":66},[52,19273,2289],{"class":70},[52,19275,1888],{"class":66},[52,19277,174],{"class":84},[52,19279,5621],{"class":608},[52,19281,9429],{"class":84},[52,19283,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19285,9398],{"class":84},[52,19287,1888],{"class":66},[52,19289,289],{"class":70},[52,19291,1888],{"class":66},[52,19293,174],{"class":84},[52,19295,683],{"class":608},[52,19297,318],{"class":84},[52,19299,3416],{"class":66},[52,19301,4883],{"class":70},[52,19303,1888],{"class":66},[52,19305,174],{"class":84},[52,19307,683],{"class":608},[52,19309,9429],{"class":84},[20,19311,19312,19313,92],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[289,19314,10859,19315,1441],{"href":14157},[15,19316,15078],{},[412,19318,19320,19321],{"id":19319},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19322,3901],{},[43,19324,19326],{"className":45,"code":19325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19327,19328,19358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19329,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19331,18860],{"class":58},[52,19333,63],{"class":62},[52,19335,9291],{"class":1929},[52,19337,92],{"class":84},[52,19339,17409],{"class":88},[52,19341,3103],{"class":84},[52,19343,100],{"class":66},[52,19345,2289],{"class":70},[52,19347,100],{"class":66},[52,19349,318],{"class":84},[52,19351,67],{"class":66},[52,19353,11868],{"class":70},[52,19355,100],{"class":66},[52,19357,4009],{"class":84},[52,19359,19360,19362,19364,19366],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19361,81],{"class":80},[52,19363,85],{"class":84},[52,19365,18893],{"class":88},[52,19367,329],{"class":84},[20,19369,135],{},[43,19371,19373],{"className":45,"code":19372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19374,19375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19376,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19378,9398],{"class":84},[52,19380,1888],{"class":66},[52,19382,2289],{"class":70},[52,19384,1888],{"class":66},[52,19386,174],{"class":84},[52,19388,3974],{"class":145},[52,19390,318],{"class":84},[52,19392,3416],{"class":66},[52,19394,11868],{"class":70},[52,19396,1888],{"class":66},[52,19398,174],{"class":84},[52,19400,3974],{"class":145},[52,19402,9429],{"class":84},[20,19404,19405,19406,92],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19407,3901],{},[38,19409,19411],{"id":19410},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19413,19414,19415,19417],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19416,17344],{}," works.",[43,19419,19421],{"className":45,"code":19420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19422,19423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19424,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19426,81],{"class":80},[52,19428,85],{"class":84},[52,19430,8941],{"class":1929},[52,19432,92],{"class":84},[52,19434,17409],{"class":88},[52,19436,3103],{"class":84},[52,19438,100],{"class":66},[52,19440,289],{"class":70},[52,19442,100],{"class":66},[52,19444,318],{"class":84},[52,19446,67],{"class":66},[52,19448,4883],{"class":70},[52,19450,100],{"class":66},[52,19452,18187],{"class":84},[52,19454,683],{"class":608},[52,19456,108],{"class":84},[43,19458,19459],{"className":45,"code":19325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19460,19461,19491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19462,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19464,18860],{"class":58},[52,19466,63],{"class":62},[52,19468,9291],{"class":1929},[52,19470,92],{"class":84},[52,19472,17409],{"class":88},[52,19474,3103],{"class":84},[52,19476,100],{"class":66},[52,19478,2289],{"class":70},[52,19480,100],{"class":66},[52,19482,318],{"class":84},[52,19484,67],{"class":66},[52,19486,11868],{"class":70},[52,19488,100],{"class":66},[52,19490,4009],{"class":84},[52,19492,19493,19495,19497,19499],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19494,81],{"class":80},[52,19496,85],{"class":84},[52,19498,18893],{"class":88},[52,19500,329],{"class":84},[43,19502,19503],{"className":45,"code":18853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19504,19505,19537,19559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19506,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19508,18860],{"class":58},[52,19510,63],{"class":62},[52,19512,9291],{"class":1929},[52,19514,92],{"class":84},[52,19516,17409],{"class":88},[52,19518,3103],{"class":84},[52,19520,100],{"class":66},[52,19522,289],{"class":70},[52,19524,100],{"class":66},[52,19526,318],{"class":84},[52,19528,67],{"class":66},[52,19530,4883],{"class":70},[52,19532,100],{"class":66},[52,19534,18187],{"class":84},[52,19536,18121],{"class":84},[52,19538,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19540,18893],{"class":58},[52,19542,4021],{"class":84},[52,19544,100],{"class":66},[52,19546,289],{"class":70},[52,19548,100],{"class":66},[52,19550,13674],{"class":84},[52,19552,13677],{"class":88},[52,19554,85],{"class":84},[52,19556,3106],{"class":608},[52,19558,329],{"class":84},[52,19560,19561,19563,19565,19567],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,19562,81],{"class":80},[52,19564,85],{"class":84},[52,19566,18893],{"class":88},[52,19568,329],{"class":84},[43,19570,19572],{"className":45,"code":19571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19573,19574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19575,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19577,81],{"class":80},[52,19579,85],{"class":84},[52,19581,1930],{"class":1929},[52,19583,85],{"class":84},[52,19585,8941],{"class":1929},[52,19587,92],{"class":84},[52,19589,17409],{"class":88},[52,19591,3103],{"class":84},[52,19593,3106],{"class":608},[52,19595,318],{"class":84},[52,19597,3111],{"class":608},[52,19599,318],{"class":84},[52,19601,609],{"class":608},[52,19603,18187],{"class":84},[52,19605,67],{"class":66},[52,19607,2591],{"class":70},[52,19609,100],{"class":66},[52,19611,546],{"class":84},[38,19613,1940],{"id":1939},[412,19615,1944,19617,19619],{"id":19616},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19618,17344],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19621,19622],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[412,19624,19626],{"id":19625},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19628,19629,19630,92],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19631,3901],{},[412,19633,19635],{"id":19634},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19637,19638],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[412,19640,19642],{"id":19641},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19644,18277],{},[43,19646,19648],{"className":45,"code":19647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19649,19650,19682],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19651,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19653,17368],{"class":58},[52,19655,63],{"class":62},[52,19657,3744],{"class":84},[52,19659,100],{"class":66},[52,19661,289],{"class":70},[52,19663,100],{"class":66},[52,19665,318],{"class":84},[52,19667,67],{"class":66},[52,19669,4883],{"class":70},[52,19671,100],{"class":66},[52,19673,318],{"class":84},[52,19675,67],{"class":66},[52,19677,9860],{"class":70},[52,19679,100],{"class":66},[52,19681,3757],{"class":84},[52,19683,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19685,9286],{"class":58},[52,19687,63],{"class":62},[52,19689,10612],{"class":84},[52,19691,14966],{"class":58},[52,19693,174],{"class":84},[52,19695,18329],{"class":84},[52,19697,3998],{"class":761},[52,19699,18334],{"class":58},[52,19701,1638],{"class":761},[52,19703,18339],{"class":58},[52,19705,9429],{"class":84},[38,19707,2005],{"id":2004},[176,19709,19710,19714,19718,19722,19728],{},[179,19711,19712],{},[289,19713,11365],{"href":13149},[179,19715,19716],{},[289,19717,9276],{"href":13146},[179,19719,19720],{},[289,19721,11374],{"href":18028},[179,19723,19724],{},[289,19725,10859,19726,1441],{"href":14157},[15,19727,15078],{},[179,19729,19730],{},[289,19731,10859,19732,1441],{"href":15123},[15,19733,12899],{},[20,19735,154,19736,19738],{},[15,19737,17349],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2035,19740,19741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":19743},[19744,19745,19747,19751,19752,19754,19759,19761,19768,19777,19778,19785],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":17449,"depth":77,"text":19746},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17493,"depth":77,"text":17494,"children":19748},[19749,19750],{"id":17520,"depth":111,"text":17521},{"id":709,"depth":111,"text":710},{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":17703,"depth":77,"text":19753},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18032,"depth":77,"text":18033,"children":19755},[19756,19757,19758],{"id":18062,"depth":111,"text":18063},{"id":18225,"depth":111,"text":18226},{"id":18273,"depth":111,"text":18274},{"id":18437,"depth":77,"text":19760},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18595,"depth":77,"text":19762,"children":19763},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19764,19766,19767],{"id":18606,"depth":111,"text":19765},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18671,"depth":111,"text":18672},{"id":18745,"depth":111,"text":18746},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":19769},[19770,19771,19773,19775],{"id":18849,"depth":111,"text":18850},{"id":19032,"depth":111,"text":19772},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19166,"depth":111,"text":19774},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19319,"depth":111,"text":19776},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19410,"depth":77,"text":19411},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":19779},[19780,19782,19783,19784],{"id":19616,"depth":111,"text":19781},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19625,"depth":111,"text":19626},{"id":19634,"depth":111,"text":19635},{"id":19641,"depth":111,"text":19642},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17336,"description":19786},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19793,"title":19794,"body":19795,"description":21624,"extension":2078,"meta":21625,"navigation":221,"path":21626,"seo":21627,"stem":21628,"__hash__":21629},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19796,"toc":21591},[19797,19802,19808,19819,19949,19956,19961,19965,19981,19983,20081,20084,20101,20105,20107,20112,20150,20153,20171,20173,20291,20296,20300,20316,20319,20455,20458,20463,20469,20472,20509,20512,20516,20521,20597,20601,20606,20688,20690,20706,20711,20715,20721,20790,20793,20810,20813,20895,20901,20904,20924,20928,20933,20939,20945,21016,21019,21025,21028,21102,21109,21115,21123,21133,21135,21230,21236,21241,21327,21333,21335,21340,21362,21365,21460,21463,21494,21507,21509,21517,21523,21529,21532,21538,21543,21550,21555,21557,21588],[10,19798,11441,19800,18],{"id":19799},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19801,10862],{},[20,19803,19804,19805,19807],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19806,10862],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19809,19810,19811,2305,19814,2515,19816,19818],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19812,19813],{},"KeyError",[15,19815,10862],{},[15,19817,3901],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[43,19820,19822],{"className":45,"code":19821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19823,19824,19860,19864,19890,19915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19825,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19827,13328],{"class":58},[52,19829,63],{"class":62},[52,19831,10612],{"class":84},[52,19833,100],{"class":66},[52,19835,459],{"class":70},[52,19837,100],{"class":66},[52,19839,174],{"class":84},[52,19841,67],{"class":66},[52,19843,13003],{"class":70},[52,19845,100],{"class":66},[52,19847,318],{"class":84},[52,19849,67],{"class":66},[52,19851,9419],{"class":70},[52,19853,100],{"class":66},[52,19855,174],{"class":84},[52,19857,9426],{"class":608},[52,19859,9429],{"class":84},[52,19861,19862],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,19863,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,19865,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,19867,81],{"class":80},[52,19869,85],{"class":84},[52,19871,17433],{"class":88},[52,19873,92],{"class":84},[52,19875,19876],{"class":88},"get",[52,19878,85],{"class":84},[52,19880,100],{"class":66},[52,19882,459],{"class":70},[52,19884,100],{"class":66},[52,19886,5485],{"class":84},[52,19888,19889],{"class":1479},"           # Ana\n",[52,19891,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,19893,81],{"class":80},[52,19895,85],{"class":84},[52,19897,17433],{"class":88},[52,19899,92],{"class":84},[52,19901,19876],{"class":88},[52,19903,85],{"class":84},[52,19905,100],{"class":66},[52,19907,10530],{"class":70},[52,19909,100],{"class":66},[52,19911,5485],{"class":84},[52,19913,19914],{"class":1479},"           # None\n",[52,19916,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19942,19944,19946],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,19918,81],{"class":80},[52,19920,85],{"class":84},[52,19922,17433],{"class":88},[52,19924,92],{"class":84},[52,19926,19876],{"class":88},[52,19928,85],{"class":84},[52,19930,100],{"class":66},[52,19932,10530],{"class":70},[52,19934,100],{"class":66},[52,19936,318],{"class":84},[52,19938,67],{"class":66},[52,19940,19941],{"class":70},"N\u002FA",[52,19943,100],{"class":66},[52,19945,5485],{"class":84},[52,19947,19948],{"class":1479},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19950,154,19951,19953,19954,92],{},[15,19952,10862],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19955,19813],{},[38,19957,166,19959,169],{"id":19958},"what-get-does",[15,19960,10862],{},[20,19962,2095,19963,11535],{},[15,19964,10862],{},[176,19966,19967,19970,19975,19978],{},[179,19968,19969],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[179,19971,184,19972,19974],{},[15,19973,3901],{}," if the key does not exist",[179,19976,19977],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[179,19979,19980],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19982,197],{},[43,19984,19986],{"className":45,"code":19985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19987,19988,20027,20031,20056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19989,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20009,20011,20013,20015,20018,20020,20022,20025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19991,12986],{"class":58},[52,19993,63],{"class":62},[52,19995,10612],{"class":84},[52,19997,100],{"class":66},[52,19999,459],{"class":70},[52,20001,100],{"class":66},[52,20003,174],{"class":84},[52,20005,67],{"class":66},[52,20007,20008],{"class":70},"Lina",[52,20010,100],{"class":66},[52,20012,318],{"class":84},[52,20014,67],{"class":66},[52,20016,20017],{"class":70},"grade",[52,20019,100],{"class":66},[52,20021,174],{"class":84},[52,20023,20024],{"class":608}," 90",[52,20026,9429],{"class":84},[52,20028,20029],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20030,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20032,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20034,81],{"class":80},[52,20036,85],{"class":84},[52,20038,13750],{"class":88},[52,20040,92],{"class":84},[52,20042,19876],{"class":88},[52,20044,85],{"class":84},[52,20046,100],{"class":66},[52,20048,459],{"class":70},[52,20050,100],{"class":66},[52,20052,5485],{"class":84},[52,20054,20055],{"class":1479},"     # Lina\n",[52,20057,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,20059,81],{"class":80},[52,20061,85],{"class":84},[52,20063,13750],{"class":88},[52,20065,92],{"class":84},[52,20067,19876],{"class":88},[52,20069,85],{"class":84},[52,20071,100],{"class":66},[52,20073,15383],{"class":70},[52,20075,100],{"class":66},[52,20077,5485],{"class":84},[52,20079,20080],{"class":1479},"    # None\n",[20,20082,20083],{},"In this example:",[176,20085,20086,20091],{},[179,20087,20088,20090],{},[15,20089,15364],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[179,20092,20093,20096,20097,2515,20099],{},[15,20094,20095],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20098,10862],{},[15,20100,3901],{},[20,20102,13143,20103,92],{},[289,20104,9276],{"href":9275},[38,20106,296],{"id":295},[20,20108,20109,20110,174],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20111,10862],{},[43,20113,20115],{"className":45,"code":20114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20116,20117,20131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20118,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20120,15729],{"class":58},[52,20122,92],{"class":84},[52,20124,19876],{"class":88},[52,20126,85],{"class":84},[52,20128,14966],{"class":88},[52,20130,329],{"class":84},[52,20132,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20148],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20134,15729],{"class":58},[52,20136,92],{"class":84},[52,20138,19876],{"class":88},[52,20140,85],{"class":84},[52,20142,14966],{"class":88},[52,20144,318],{"class":84},[52,20146,20147],{"class":88}," default_value",[52,20149,329],{"class":84},[20,20151,20152],{},"What each part means:",[176,20154,20155,20160,20166],{},[179,20156,20157,20159],{},[15,20158,14966],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[179,20161,20162,20165],{},[15,20163,20164],{},"default_value"," is optional",[179,20167,20168,20169],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20170,3901],{},[20,20172,197],{},[43,20174,20176],{"className":45,"code":20175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20177,20178,20202,20206,20231,20257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20179,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20181,13950],{"class":58},[52,20183,63],{"class":62},[52,20185,10612],{"class":84},[52,20187,100],{"class":66},[52,20189,12617],{"class":70},[52,20191,100],{"class":66},[52,20193,174],{"class":84},[52,20195,67],{"class":66},[52,20197,12626],{"class":70},[52,20199,100],{"class":66},[52,20201,9429],{"class":84},[52,20203,20204],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20205,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20207,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20209,81],{"class":80},[52,20211,85],{"class":84},[52,20213,14009],{"class":88},[52,20215,92],{"class":84},[52,20217,19876],{"class":88},[52,20219,85],{"class":84},[52,20221,100],{"class":66},[52,20223,12617],{"class":70},[52,20225,100],{"class":66},[52,20227,5485],{"class":84},[52,20229,20230],{"class":1479},"            # dark\n",[52,20232,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20250,20252,20254],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,20234,81],{"class":80},[52,20236,85],{"class":84},[52,20238,14009],{"class":88},[52,20240,92],{"class":84},[52,20242,19876],{"class":88},[52,20244,85],{"class":84},[52,20246,100],{"class":66},[52,20248,20249],{"class":70},"language",[52,20251,100],{"class":66},[52,20253,5485],{"class":84},[52,20255,20256],{"class":1479},"         # None\n",[52,20258,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20284,20286,20288],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,20260,81],{"class":80},[52,20262,85],{"class":84},[52,20264,14009],{"class":88},[52,20266,92],{"class":84},[52,20268,19876],{"class":88},[52,20270,85],{"class":84},[52,20272,100],{"class":66},[52,20274,20249],{"class":70},[52,20276,100],{"class":66},[52,20278,318],{"class":84},[52,20280,67],{"class":66},[52,20282,20283],{"class":70},"en",[52,20285,100],{"class":66},[52,20287,5485],{"class":84},[52,20289,20290],{"class":1479},"   # en\n",[38,20292,5084,20294],{"id":20293},"when-to-use-get",[15,20295,10862],{},[20,20297,154,20298,10723],{},[15,20299,10862],{},[176,20301,20302,20305,20310,20313],{},[179,20303,20304],{},"A key might not exist",[179,20306,20307,20308],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20309,19813],{},[179,20311,20312],{},"You are reading optional data",[179,20314,20315],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20317,20318],{},"Example with optional user data:",[43,20320,20322],{"className":45,"code":20321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20323,20324,20366,20370,20395,20421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20325,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20362,20364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20327,11610],{"class":58},[52,20329,63],{"class":62},[52,20331,10612],{"class":84},[52,20333,100],{"class":66},[52,20335,8109],{"class":70},[52,20337,100],{"class":66},[52,20339,174],{"class":84},[52,20341,67],{"class":66},[52,20343,20344],{"class":70},"sam",[52,20346,100],{"class":66},[52,20348,318],{"class":84},[52,20350,67],{"class":66},[52,20352,15383],{"class":70},[52,20354,100],{"class":66},[52,20356,174],{"class":84},[52,20358,67],{"class":66},[52,20360,20361],{"class":70},"sam@example.com",[52,20363,100],{"class":66},[52,20365,9429],{"class":84},[52,20367,20368],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20369,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20371,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20373,81],{"class":80},[52,20375,85],{"class":84},[52,20377,11704],{"class":88},[52,20379,92],{"class":84},[52,20381,19876],{"class":88},[52,20383,85],{"class":84},[52,20385,100],{"class":66},[52,20387,8109],{"class":70},[52,20389,100],{"class":66},[52,20391,5485],{"class":84},[52,20393,20394],{"class":1479},"              # sam\n",[52,20396,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20414,20416,20418],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,20398,81],{"class":80},[52,20400,85],{"class":84},[52,20402,11704],{"class":88},[52,20404,92],{"class":84},[52,20406,19876],{"class":88},[52,20408,85],{"class":84},[52,20410,100],{"class":66},[52,20412,20413],{"class":70},"phone",[52,20415,100],{"class":66},[52,20417,5485],{"class":84},[52,20419,20420],{"class":1479},"                 # None\n",[52,20422,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20448,20450,20452],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,20424,81],{"class":80},[52,20426,85],{"class":84},[52,20428,11704],{"class":88},[52,20430,92],{"class":84},[52,20432,19876],{"class":88},[52,20434,85],{"class":84},[52,20436,100],{"class":66},[52,20438,20413],{"class":70},[52,20440,100],{"class":66},[52,20442,318],{"class":84},[52,20444,67],{"class":66},[52,20446,20447],{"class":70},"Not provided",[52,20449,100],{"class":66},[52,20451,5485],{"class":84},[52,20453,20454],{"class":1479}," # Not provided\n",[20,20456,20457],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20459,20460,20461,92],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[289,20462,16723],{"href":16722},[38,20464,20466,20468],{"id":20465},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20467,10862],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20470,20471],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[43,20473,20475],{"className":45,"code":20474,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20476,20477,20491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20478,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20480,9325],{"class":58},[52,20482,4021],{"class":84},[52,20484,100],{"class":66},[52,20486,14966],{"class":70},[52,20488,100],{"class":66},[52,20490,3757],{"class":84},[52,20492,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20494,9325],{"class":58},[52,20496,92],{"class":84},[52,20498,19876],{"class":88},[52,20500,85],{"class":84},[52,20502,100],{"class":66},[52,20504,14966],{"class":70},[52,20506,100],{"class":66},[52,20508,329],{"class":84},[20,20510,20511],{},"The difference is important.",[412,20513,20515],{"id":20514},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20517,20518,20519,92],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20520,19813],{},[43,20522,20524],{"className":45,"code":20523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20525,20526,20550,20554,20576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20527,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20529,9286],{"class":58},[52,20531,63],{"class":62},[52,20533,10612],{"class":84},[52,20535,100],{"class":66},[52,20537,459],{"class":70},[52,20539,100],{"class":66},[52,20541,174],{"class":84},[52,20543,67],{"class":66},[52,20545,13003],{"class":70},[52,20547,100],{"class":66},[52,20549,9429],{"class":84},[52,20551,20552],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20553,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20555,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20573],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20557,81],{"class":80},[52,20559,85],{"class":84},[52,20561,9325],{"class":88},[52,20563,4021],{"class":84},[52,20565,100],{"class":66},[52,20567,459],{"class":70},[52,20569,100],{"class":66},[52,20571,20572],{"class":84},"])",[52,20574,20575],{"class":1479},"   # Ana\n",[52,20577,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,20579,81],{"class":80},[52,20581,85],{"class":84},[52,20583,9325],{"class":88},[52,20585,4021],{"class":84},[52,20587,100],{"class":66},[52,20589,10530],{"class":70},[52,20591,100],{"class":66},[52,20593,20572],{"class":84},[52,20595,20596],{"class":1479},"   # KeyError\n",[412,20598,20599],{"id":19876},[15,20600,10862],{},[20,20602,20603,20605],{},[15,20604,10862],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[43,20607,20609],{"className":45,"code":20608,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20610,20611,20635,20639,20663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20612,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20614,9286],{"class":58},[52,20616,63],{"class":62},[52,20618,10612],{"class":84},[52,20620,100],{"class":66},[52,20622,459],{"class":70},[52,20624,100],{"class":66},[52,20626,174],{"class":84},[52,20628,67],{"class":66},[52,20630,13003],{"class":70},[52,20632,100],{"class":66},[52,20634,9429],{"class":84},[52,20636,20637],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20638,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20640,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20642,81],{"class":80},[52,20644,85],{"class":84},[52,20646,9325],{"class":88},[52,20648,92],{"class":84},[52,20650,19876],{"class":88},[52,20652,85],{"class":84},[52,20654,100],{"class":66},[52,20656,459],{"class":70},[52,20658,100],{"class":66},[52,20660,5485],{"class":84},[52,20662,20575],{"class":1479},[52,20664,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,20666,81],{"class":80},[52,20668,85],{"class":84},[52,20670,9325],{"class":88},[52,20672,92],{"class":84},[52,20674,19876],{"class":88},[52,20676,85],{"class":84},[52,20678,100],{"class":66},[52,20680,10530],{"class":70},[52,20682,100],{"class":66},[52,20684,5485],{"class":84},[52,20686,20687],{"class":1479},"   # None\n",[20,20689,18820],{},[176,20691,20692,20698],{},[179,20693,20694,20695],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3865,20696,20697],{},"must exist",[179,20699,20700,20702,20703],{},[15,20701,10862],{}," when the key is ",[3865,20704,20705],{},"optional",[20,20707,20708,20709,92],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[289,20710,11385],{"href":11196},[38,20712,20714],{"id":20713},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20716,20717,20718,20720],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20719,10862],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[43,20722,20724],{"className":45,"code":20723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20725,20726,20751,20755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20727,20728,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20729,20730],{"class":58},"profile ",[52,20732,63],{"class":62},[52,20734,10612],{"class":84},[52,20736,100],{"class":66},[52,20738,459],{"class":70},[52,20740,100],{"class":66},[52,20742,174],{"class":84},[52,20744,67],{"class":66},[52,20746,8045],{"class":70},[52,20748,100],{"class":66},[52,20750,9429],{"class":84},[52,20752,20753],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20754,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20756,20757,20759,20761,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20783,20785,20787],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20758,81],{"class":80},[52,20760,85],{"class":84},[52,20762,20763],{"class":88},"profile",[52,20765,92],{"class":84},[52,20767,19876],{"class":88},[52,20769,85],{"class":84},[52,20771,100],{"class":66},[52,20773,15386],{"class":70},[52,20775,100],{"class":66},[52,20777,318],{"class":84},[52,20779,67],{"class":66},[52,20781,20782],{"class":70},"Unknown",[52,20784,100],{"class":66},[52,20786,5485],{"class":84},[52,20788,20789],{"class":1479},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20791,20792],{},"This is useful for display text:",[176,20794,20795,20800,20805],{},[179,20796,20797],{},[15,20798,20799],{},"\"Unknown\"",[179,20801,20802],{},[15,20803,20804],{},"\"Not set\"",[179,20806,20807],{},[15,20808,20809],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20811,20812],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[43,20814,20816],{"className":45,"code":20815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20817,20818,20850,20854,20881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20819,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20821,5187],{"class":58},[52,20823,63],{"class":62},[52,20825,10612],{"class":84},[52,20827,100],{"class":66},[52,20829,18542],{"class":70},[52,20831,100],{"class":66},[52,20833,174],{"class":84},[52,20835,688],{"class":608},[52,20837,318],{"class":84},[52,20839,67],{"class":66},[52,20841,18551],{"class":70},[52,20843,100],{"class":66},[52,20845,174],{"class":84},[52,20847,6483],{"class":608},[52,20849,9429],{"class":84},[52,20851,20852],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20853,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20855,20856,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20857,20858],{"class":58},"total_history ",[52,20860,63],{"class":62},[52,20862,5234],{"class":58},[52,20864,92],{"class":84},[52,20866,19876],{"class":88},[52,20868,85],{"class":84},[52,20870,100],{"class":66},[52,20872,18560],{"class":70},[52,20874,100],{"class":66},[52,20876,318],{"class":84},[52,20878,683],{"class":608},[52,20880,329],{"class":84},[52,20882,20883,20885,20887,20890,20892],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,20884,81],{"class":80},[52,20886,85],{"class":84},[52,20888,20889],{"class":88},"total_history",[52,20891,3784],{"class":84},[52,20893,20894],{"class":1479},"   # 0\n",[20,20896,20897,20898,20900],{},"Here, ",[15,20899,2235],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20902,20903],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[176,20905,20906,20909,20914,20919],{},[179,20907,20908],{},"Use a string for text",[179,20910,154,20911,20913],{},[15,20912,2235],{}," for numbers",[179,20915,154,20916,20918],{},[15,20917,3910],{}," for lists if needed",[179,20920,154,20921,20923],{},[15,20922,3915],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[38,20925,20927],{"id":20926},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20929,20930,20931,92],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20932,10862],{},[412,20934,20936,20938],{"id":20935},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20937,10862],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20940,20941,20942,20944],{},"This code does ",[3865,20943,4752],{}," create a new key:",[43,20946,20948],{"className":45,"code":20947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20949,20950,20974,20978,21003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20951,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20953,13328],{"class":58},[52,20955,63],{"class":62},[52,20957,10612],{"class":84},[52,20959,100],{"class":66},[52,20961,459],{"class":70},[52,20963,100],{"class":66},[52,20965,174],{"class":84},[52,20967,67],{"class":66},[52,20969,13003],{"class":70},[52,20971,100],{"class":66},[52,20973,9429],{"class":84},[52,20975,20976],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,20977,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,20979,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,20981,81],{"class":80},[52,20983,85],{"class":84},[52,20985,17433],{"class":88},[52,20987,92],{"class":84},[52,20989,19876],{"class":88},[52,20991,85],{"class":84},[52,20993,100],{"class":66},[52,20995,10530],{"class":70},[52,20997,100],{"class":66},[52,20999,5485],{"class":84},[52,21001,21002],{"class":1479},"  # None\n",[52,21004,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,21006,81],{"class":80},[52,21008,85],{"class":84},[52,21010,17433],{"class":88},[52,21012,3784],{"class":84},[52,21014,21015],{"class":1479},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21017,21018],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[412,21020,21022,21024],{"id":21021},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21023,10862],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21026,21027],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[43,21029,21031],{"className":45,"code":21030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21032,21033,21059,21063,21089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21034,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21046,21048,21050,21052,21055,21057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21036,13950],{"class":58},[52,21038,63],{"class":62},[52,21040,10612],{"class":84},[52,21042,100],{"class":66},[52,21044,21045],{"class":70},"mode",[52,21047,100],{"class":66},[52,21049,174],{"class":84},[52,21051,67],{"class":66},[52,21053,21054],{"class":70},"light",[52,21056,100],{"class":66},[52,21058,9429],{"class":84},[52,21060,21061],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21062,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,21064,21065,21067,21069,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21066,14009],{"class":58},[52,21068,92],{"class":84},[52,21070,19876],{"class":88},[52,21072,85],{"class":84},[52,21074,100],{"class":66},[52,21076,12617],{"class":70},[52,21078,100],{"class":66},[52,21080,318],{"class":84},[52,21082,67],{"class":66},[52,21084,12626],{"class":70},[52,21086,100],{"class":66},[52,21088,329],{"class":84},[52,21090,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,21092,81],{"class":80},[52,21094,85],{"class":84},[52,21096,14009],{"class":88},[52,21098,3784],{"class":84},[52,21100,21101],{"class":1479},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21103,21104,21105,21108],{},"Even though ",[15,21106,21107],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[412,21110,21112,21113],{"id":21111},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21114,3901],{},[20,21116,21117,21118,2515,21120,21122],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21119,10862],{},[15,21121,3901],{}," because:",[176,21124,21125,21128],{},[179,21126,21127],{},"The key is missing, or",[179,21129,21130,21131],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21132,3901],{},[20,21134,197],{},[43,21136,21138],{"className":45,"code":21137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21139,21140,21177,21181,21205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21141,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21169,21171,21173,21175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21143,9286],{"class":58},[52,21145,63],{"class":62},[52,21147,10612],{"class":84},[52,21149,100],{"class":66},[52,21151,459],{"class":70},[52,21153,100],{"class":66},[52,21155,174],{"class":84},[52,21157,67],{"class":66},[52,21159,13003],{"class":70},[52,21161,100],{"class":66},[52,21163,318],{"class":84},[52,21165,67],{"class":66},[52,21167,21168],{"class":70},"nickname",[52,21170,100],{"class":66},[52,21172,174],{"class":84},[52,21174,3974],{"class":145},[52,21176,9429],{"class":84},[52,21178,21179],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21180,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,21182,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21184,81],{"class":80},[52,21186,85],{"class":84},[52,21188,9325],{"class":88},[52,21190,92],{"class":84},[52,21192,19876],{"class":88},[52,21194,85],{"class":84},[52,21196,100],{"class":66},[52,21198,21168],{"class":70},[52,21200,100],{"class":66},[52,21202,5485],{"class":84},[52,21204,21002],{"class":1479},[52,21206,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,21208,81],{"class":80},[52,21210,85],{"class":84},[52,21212,9325],{"class":88},[52,21214,92],{"class":84},[52,21216,19876],{"class":88},[52,21218,85],{"class":84},[52,21220,100],{"class":66},[52,21222,10530],{"class":70},[52,21224,100],{"class":66},[52,21226,5485],{"class":84},[52,21228,21229],{"class":1479},"      # None\n",[20,21231,21232,21233,21235],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21234,3901],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21237,21238,21239,174],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21240,1638],{},[43,21242,21244],{"className":45,"code":21243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21245,21246,21282,21286,21306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21247,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21249,9286],{"class":58},[52,21251,63],{"class":62},[52,21253,10612],{"class":84},[52,21255,100],{"class":66},[52,21257,459],{"class":70},[52,21259,100],{"class":66},[52,21261,174],{"class":84},[52,21263,67],{"class":66},[52,21265,13003],{"class":70},[52,21267,100],{"class":66},[52,21269,318],{"class":84},[52,21271,67],{"class":66},[52,21273,21168],{"class":70},[52,21275,100],{"class":66},[52,21277,174],{"class":84},[52,21279,3974],{"class":145},[52,21281,9429],{"class":84},[52,21283,21284],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21285,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,21287,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21289,81],{"class":80},[52,21291,85],{"class":84},[52,21293,100],{"class":66},[52,21295,21168],{"class":70},[52,21297,100],{"class":66},[52,21299,1702],{"class":761},[52,21301,14691],{"class":88},[52,21303,3784],{"class":84},[52,21305,3787],{"class":1479},[52,21307,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,21309,81],{"class":80},[52,21311,85],{"class":84},[52,21313,100],{"class":66},[52,21315,10530],{"class":70},[52,21317,100],{"class":66},[52,21319,1702],{"class":761},[52,21321,14691],{"class":88},[52,21323,3784],{"class":84},[52,21325,21326],{"class":1479},"      # False\n",[20,21328,21329,21330,92],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[289,21331,21332],{"href":17279},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[38,21334,1445],{"id":1444},[20,21336,21337,21338,174],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21339,10862],{},[176,21341,21342,21347,21354,21359],{},[179,21343,21344,21345],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21346,19813],{},[179,21348,4826,21349,2515,21351,21353],{},[15,21350,10862],{},[15,21352,3901],{}," if no default is provided",[179,21355,4700,21356,21358],{},[15,21357,10862],{}," creates a key automatically",[179,21360,21361],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21363,21364],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[43,21366,21368],{"className":45,"code":21367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21369,21370,21380,21394,21412,21434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21371,21372,21374,21376,21378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21373,81],{"class":80},[52,21375,85],{"class":84},[52,21377,11571],{"class":88},[52,21379,329],{"class":84},[52,21381,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21383,81],{"class":80},[52,21385,85],{"class":84},[52,21387,11571],{"class":88},[52,21389,92],{"class":84},[52,21391,17049],{"class":88},[52,21393,7317],{"class":84},[52,21395,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21397,81],{"class":80},[52,21399,85],{"class":84},[52,21401,1888],{"class":66},[52,21403,459],{"class":70},[52,21405,1888],{"class":66},[52,21407,1702],{"class":761},[52,21409,11889],{"class":88},[52,21411,329],{"class":84},[52,21413,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,21415,81],{"class":80},[52,21417,85],{"class":84},[52,21419,11571],{"class":88},[52,21421,92],{"class":84},[52,21423,19876],{"class":88},[52,21425,85],{"class":84},[52,21427,1888],{"class":66},[52,21429,459],{"class":70},[52,21431,1888],{"class":66},[52,21433,108],{"class":84},[52,21435,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,21437,81],{"class":80},[52,21439,85],{"class":84},[52,21441,1930],{"class":1929},[52,21443,85],{"class":84},[52,21445,11571],{"class":88},[52,21447,92],{"class":84},[52,21449,19876],{"class":88},[52,21451,85],{"class":84},[52,21453,1888],{"class":66},[52,21455,459],{"class":70},[52,21457,1888],{"class":66},[52,21459,546],{"class":84},[20,21461,21462],{},"What these checks tell you:",[176,21464,21465,21470,21476,21482,21488],{},[179,21466,21467,21469],{},[15,21468,12802],{}," shows the full dictionary",[179,21471,21472,21475],{},[15,21473,21474],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[179,21477,21478,21481],{},[15,21479,21480],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[179,21483,21484,21487],{},[15,21485,21486],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[179,21489,21490,21493],{},[15,21491,21492],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21495,21496,21497,342,21502,21506],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[289,21498,21499,21500,1441],{"href":17188},"the dictionary ",[15,21501,17191],{},[289,21503,21499,21504,1441],{"href":17201},[15,21505,17204],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[38,21508,1940],{"id":1939},[412,21510,1944,21512,21514,21515,1993],{"id":21511},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21513,10862],{}," raise ",[15,21516,19813],{},[20,21518,21519,21520,21522],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21521,3901],{}," or the default value you provide.",[412,21524,1944,21526,21528],{"id":21525},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21527,10862],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21530,21531],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[412,21533,21535,21536,1993],{"id":21534},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21537,10862],{},[20,21539,21540,21542],{},[15,21541,3901],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[412,21544,21546,21547,21549],{"id":21545},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21548,10862],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21551,154,21552,21554],{},[15,21553,10862],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[38,21556,2005],{"id":2004},[176,21558,21559,21563,21569,21575,21579,21584],{},[179,21560,21561],{},[289,21562,9276],{"href":9275},[179,21564,21565],{},[289,21566,10859,21567,1441],{"href":17188},[15,21568,17191],{},[179,21570,21571],{},[289,21572,10859,21573,1441],{"href":17201},[15,21574,17204],{},[179,21576,21577],{},[289,21578,17280],{"href":17279},[179,21580,21581],{},[289,21582,21583],{"href":16722},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[179,21585,21586],{},[289,21587,11385],{"href":11196},[2035,21589,21590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21601,21602],{"id":20514,"depth":111,"text":20515},{"id":19876,"depth":111,"text":10862},{"id":20713,"depth":77,"text":20714},{"id":20926,"depth":77,"text":20927,"children":21605},[21606,21608,21610],{"id":20935,"depth":111,"text":21607},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21021,"depth":111,"text":21609},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21111,"depth":111,"text":21611},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":21614},[21615,21617,21619,21621],{"id":21511,"depth":111,"text":21616},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21525,"depth":111,"text":21618},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21534,"depth":111,"text":21620},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21545,"depth":111,"text":21622},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19794,"description":21624},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21631,"title":21632,"body":21633,"description":24190,"extension":2078,"meta":24191,"navigation":221,"path":24192,"seo":24193,"stem":24194,"__hash__":24195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21634,"toc":24156},[21635,21640,21646,21652,21654,21736,21740,21757,21762,21767,21772,21774,21788,21790,21853,21857,21897,21905,21907,21909,21924,21927,21940,21942,22021,22025,22091,22093,22097,22105,22107,22118,22120,22230,22234,22313,22319,22325,22330,22443,22447,22479,22482,22589,22595,22602,22606,22609,22712,22716,22777,22780,22783,22794,22803,22806,22823,22825,22924,22928,23003,23006,23029,23034,23039,23056,23058,23179,23183,23217,23219,23224,23231,23241,23243,23321,23324,23395,23405,23408,23440,23443,23482,23488,23495,23498,23589,23593,23674,23680,23683,23686,23791,23794,23797,23919,23923,23926,23993,23997,24034,24040,24042,24048,24053,24059,24066,24072,24075,24114,24120,24123,24125,24153],[10,21636,11441,21638,18],{"id":21637},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21639,17204],{},[20,21641,2095,21642,21645],{},[15,21643,21644],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21647,21648,21649,21651],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21650,17204],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[38,21653,41],{"id":40},[43,21655,21657],{"className":45,"code":21656,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21658,21659,21695,21699,21722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21660,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21662,13328],{"class":58},[52,21664,63],{"class":62},[52,21666,10612],{"class":84},[52,21668,100],{"class":66},[52,21670,459],{"class":70},[52,21672,100],{"class":66},[52,21674,174],{"class":84},[52,21676,67],{"class":66},[52,21678,13003],{"class":70},[52,21680,100],{"class":66},[52,21682,318],{"class":84},[52,21684,67],{"class":66},[52,21686,9419],{"class":70},[52,21688,100],{"class":66},[52,21690,174],{"class":84},[52,21692,9426],{"class":608},[52,21694,9429],{"class":84},[52,21696,21697],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21698,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,21700,21701,21703,21706,21708,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21702,6081],{"class":761},[52,21704,21705],{"class":58}," key",[52,21707,318],{"class":84},[52,21709,21710],{"class":58}," value ",[52,21712,1638],{"class":761},[52,21714,13371],{"class":58},[52,21716,92],{"class":84},[52,21718,7934],{"class":88},[52,21720,21721],{"class":84},"():\n",[52,21723,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,21725,784],{"class":80},[52,21727,85],{"class":84},[52,21729,14966],{"class":88},[52,21731,318],{"class":84},[52,21733,8556],{"class":88},[52,21735,329],{"class":84},[20,21737,21738],{},[3865,21739,135],{},[43,21741,21743],{"className":45,"code":21742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21744,21745,21750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21746,21747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21748,21749],{"class":58},"name Ana\n",[52,21751,21752,21755],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21753,21754],{"class":58},"age ",[52,21756,2828],{"class":608},[20,21758,154,21759,21761],{},[15,21760,17204],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[38,21763,166,21765,169],{"id":21764},"what-items-does",[15,21766,17204],{},[20,21768,21769,21771],{},[15,21770,17204],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21773,11580],{},[176,21775,21776,21782,21785],{},[179,21777,21778,21779],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21780,21781],{},"(key, value)",[179,21783,21784],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[179,21786,21787],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21789,197],{},[43,21791,21793],{"className":45,"code":21792,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21794,21795,21831,21835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21796,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21798,13328],{"class":58},[52,21800,63],{"class":62},[52,21802,10612],{"class":84},[52,21804,100],{"class":66},[52,21806,459],{"class":70},[52,21808,100],{"class":66},[52,21810,174],{"class":84},[52,21812,67],{"class":66},[52,21814,13003],{"class":70},[52,21816,100],{"class":66},[52,21818,318],{"class":84},[52,21820,67],{"class":66},[52,21822,9419],{"class":70},[52,21824,100],{"class":66},[52,21826,174],{"class":84},[52,21828,9426],{"class":608},[52,21830,9429],{"class":84},[52,21832,21833],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21834,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,21836,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21838,81],{"class":80},[52,21840,85],{"class":84},[52,21842,8217],{"class":1929},[52,21844,85],{"class":84},[52,21846,17433],{"class":88},[52,21848,92],{"class":84},[52,21850,7934],{"class":88},[52,21852,6413],{"class":84},[20,21854,21855],{},[3865,21856,135],{},[43,21858,21860],{"className":45,"code":21859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21861,21862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21863,21864,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21865,21866],{"class":84},"[(",[52,21868,1888],{"class":66},[52,21870,459],{"class":70},[52,21872,1888],{"class":66},[52,21874,318],{"class":84},[52,21876,3416],{"class":66},[52,21878,13003],{"class":70},[52,21880,1888],{"class":66},[52,21882,9354],{"class":84},[52,21884,1370],{"class":84},[52,21886,1888],{"class":66},[52,21888,9419],{"class":70},[52,21890,1888],{"class":66},[52,21892,318],{"class":84},[52,21894,9426],{"class":608},[52,21896,9369],{"class":84},[20,21898,21899,21900,32,21902,92],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[289,21901,9276],{"href":13146},[289,21903,15149],{"href":21904},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[38,21906,296],{"id":295},[20,21908,5557],{},[43,21910,21912],{"className":45,"code":21911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21913,21914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21915,21916,21918,21920,21922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21917,11571],{"class":58},[52,21919,92],{"class":84},[52,21921,7934],{"class":88},[52,21923,8763],{"class":84},[20,21925,21926],{},"Things to remember:",[176,21928,21929,21934,21937],{},[179,21930,21931,21933],{},[15,21932,17204],{}," does not take any arguments",[179,21935,21936],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[179,21938,21939],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21941,197],{},[43,21943,21945],{"className":45,"code":21944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21946,21947,21979,21983,21997,22001,22011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21948,21949,21951,21953,21955,21957,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975,21977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21950,5187],{"class":58},[52,21952,63],{"class":62},[52,21954,10612],{"class":84},[52,21956,100],{"class":66},[52,21958,5127],{"class":70},[52,21960,100],{"class":66},[52,21962,174],{"class":84},[52,21964,20024],{"class":608},[52,21966,318],{"class":84},[52,21968,67],{"class":66},[52,21970,5136],{"class":70},[52,21972,100],{"class":66},[52,21974,174],{"class":84},[52,21976,13631],{"class":608},[52,21978,9429],{"class":84},[52,21980,21981],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,21982,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,21984,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,21986,2346],{"class":58},[52,21988,63],{"class":62},[52,21990,5234],{"class":58},[52,21992,92],{"class":84},[52,21994,7934],{"class":88},[52,21996,8763],{"class":84},[52,21998,21999],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,22000,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22002,22003,22005,22007,22009],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,22004,81],{"class":80},[52,22006,85],{"class":84},[52,22008,2381],{"class":88},[52,22010,329],{"class":84},[52,22012,22013,22015,22017,22019],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,22014,81],{"class":80},[52,22016,85],{"class":84},[52,22018,16514],{"class":88},[52,22020,329],{"class":84},[20,22022,22023],{},[3865,22024,135],{},[43,22026,22028],{"className":45,"code":22027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22029,22030,22063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22031,22032,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22033,22034],{"class":88},"dict_items",[52,22036,9778],{"class":84},[52,22038,1888],{"class":66},[52,22040,5127],{"class":70},[52,22042,1888],{"class":66},[52,22044,318],{"class":84},[52,22046,20024],{"class":608},[52,22048,9354],{"class":84},[52,22050,1370],{"class":84},[52,22052,1888],{"class":66},[52,22054,5136],{"class":70},[52,22056,1888],{"class":66},[52,22058,318],{"class":84},[52,22060,13631],{"class":608},[52,22062,10801],{"class":84},[52,22064,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22066,9398],{"class":84},[52,22068,1888],{"class":66},[52,22070,5127],{"class":70},[52,22072,1888],{"class":66},[52,22074,174],{"class":84},[52,22076,20024],{"class":608},[52,22078,318],{"class":84},[52,22080,3416],{"class":66},[52,22082,5136],{"class":70},[52,22084,1888],{"class":66},[52,22086,174],{"class":84},[52,22088,13631],{"class":608},[52,22090,9429],{"class":84},[20,22092,21018],{},[38,22094,22096],{"id":22095},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22098,22099,22101,22102,22104],{},[15,22100,17204],{}," returns a ",[15,22103,22034],{}," view object.",[20,22106,2222],{},[176,22108,22109,22112,22115],{},[179,22110,22111],{},"You can loop over it",[179,22113,22114],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[179,22116,22117],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22119,197],{},[43,22121,22123],{"className":45,"code":22122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22124,22125,22157,22171,22175,22189,22193,22212,22216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22126,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22128,9286],{"class":58},[52,22130,63],{"class":62},[52,22132,10612],{"class":84},[52,22134,100],{"class":66},[52,22136,2289],{"class":70},[52,22138,100],{"class":66},[52,22140,174],{"class":84},[52,22142,5621],{"class":608},[52,22144,318],{"class":84},[52,22146,67],{"class":66},[52,22148,11868],{"class":70},[52,22150,100],{"class":66},[52,22152,174],{"class":84},[52,22154,3111],{"class":608},[52,22156,9429],{"class":84},[52,22158,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22160,9336],{"class":58},[52,22162,63],{"class":62},[52,22164,14691],{"class":58},[52,22166,92],{"class":84},[52,22168,7934],{"class":88},[52,22170,8763],{"class":84},[52,22172,22173],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22174,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22176,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,22178,81],{"class":80},[52,22180,85],{"class":84},[52,22182,8217],{"class":1929},[52,22184,85],{"class":84},[52,22186,9382],{"class":88},[52,22188,108],{"class":84},[52,22190,22191],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,22192,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22194,22195,22197,22199,22201,22204,22206,22208,22210],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,22196,9325],{"class":58},[52,22198,4021],{"class":84},[52,22200,100],{"class":66},[52,22202,22203],{"class":70},"z",[52,22205,100],{"class":66},[52,22207,13397],{"class":84},[52,22209,13400],{"class":62},[52,22211,2696],{"class":608},[52,22213,22214],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,22215,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,22219,81],{"class":80},[52,22221,85],{"class":84},[52,22223,8217],{"class":1929},[52,22225,85],{"class":84},[52,22227,9382],{"class":88},[52,22229,108],{"class":84},[20,22231,22232],{},[3865,22233,135],{},[43,22235,22237],{"className":45,"code":22236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22238,22239,22269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22240,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22242,21866],{"class":84},[52,22244,1888],{"class":66},[52,22246,2289],{"class":70},[52,22248,1888],{"class":66},[52,22250,318],{"class":84},[52,22252,5621],{"class":608},[52,22254,9354],{"class":84},[52,22256,1370],{"class":84},[52,22258,1888],{"class":66},[52,22260,11868],{"class":70},[52,22262,1888],{"class":66},[52,22264,318],{"class":84},[52,22266,3111],{"class":608},[52,22268,9369],{"class":84},[52,22270,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22272,21866],{"class":84},[52,22274,1888],{"class":66},[52,22276,2289],{"class":70},[52,22278,1888],{"class":66},[52,22280,318],{"class":84},[52,22282,5621],{"class":608},[52,22284,9354],{"class":84},[52,22286,1370],{"class":84},[52,22288,1888],{"class":66},[52,22290,11868],{"class":70},[52,22292,1888],{"class":66},[52,22294,318],{"class":84},[52,22296,3111],{"class":608},[52,22298,9354],{"class":84},[52,22300,1370],{"class":84},[52,22302,1888],{"class":66},[52,22304,22203],{"class":70},[52,22306,1888],{"class":66},[52,22308,318],{"class":84},[52,22310,609],{"class":608},[52,22312,9369],{"class":84},[20,22314,22315,22316,22318],{},"This happens because ",[15,22317,9382],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[38,22320,22322,22323],{"id":22321},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22324,17204],{},[20,22326,22327,22328,174],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22329,17204],{},[43,22331,22333],{"className":45,"code":22332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22334,22335,22388,22392,22412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22336,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22338,12986],{"class":58},[52,22340,63],{"class":62},[52,22342,10612],{"class":84},[52,22344,100],{"class":66},[52,22346,459],{"class":70},[52,22348,100],{"class":66},[52,22350,174],{"class":84},[52,22352,67],{"class":66},[52,22354,8045],{"class":70},[52,22356,100],{"class":66},[52,22358,318],{"class":84},[52,22360,67],{"class":66},[52,22362,20017],{"class":70},[52,22364,100],{"class":66},[52,22366,174],{"class":84},[52,22368,67],{"class":66},[52,22370,22371],{"class":70},"A",[52,22373,100],{"class":66},[52,22375,318],{"class":84},[52,22377,67],{"class":66},[52,22379,9419],{"class":70},[52,22381,100],{"class":66},[52,22383,174],{"class":84},[52,22385,13982],{"class":608},[52,22387,9429],{"class":84},[52,22389,22390],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22391,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22393,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22395,6081],{"class":761},[52,22397,21705],{"class":58},[52,22399,318],{"class":84},[52,22401,21710],{"class":58},[52,22403,1638],{"class":761},[52,22405,13029],{"class":58},[52,22407,92],{"class":84},[52,22409,7934],{"class":88},[52,22411,21721],{"class":84},[52,22413,22414,22416,22418,22421,22423,22425,22427,22430,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,22415,784],{"class":80},[52,22417,85],{"class":84},[52,22419,22420],{"class":2180},"f",[52,22422,100],{"class":70},[52,22424,9398],{"class":608},[52,22426,14966],{"class":88},[52,22428,22429],{"class":608},"}",[52,22431,22432],{"class":70},": ",[52,22434,9398],{"class":608},[52,22436,2591],{"class":88},[52,22438,22429],{"class":608},[52,22440,100],{"class":70},[52,22442,329],{"class":84},[20,22444,22445],{},[3865,22446,135],{},[43,22448,22450],{"className":45,"code":22449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22451,22452,22461,22470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22453,22454,22456,22458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22455,459],{"class":58},[52,22457,174],{"class":84},[52,22459,22460],{"class":58}," Mia\n",[52,22462,22463,22465,22467],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22464,20017],{"class":58},[52,22466,174],{"class":84},[52,22468,22469],{"class":58}," A\n",[52,22471,22472,22474,22476],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22473,9419],{"class":58},[52,22475,174],{"class":84},[52,22477,22478],{"class":608}," 14\n",[20,22480,22481],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[43,22483,22485],{"className":45,"code":22484,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22486,22487,22539,22543,22555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22488,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22490,12986],{"class":58},[52,22492,63],{"class":62},[52,22494,10612],{"class":84},[52,22496,100],{"class":66},[52,22498,459],{"class":70},[52,22500,100],{"class":66},[52,22502,174],{"class":84},[52,22504,67],{"class":66},[52,22506,8045],{"class":70},[52,22508,100],{"class":66},[52,22510,318],{"class":84},[52,22512,67],{"class":66},[52,22514,20017],{"class":70},[52,22516,100],{"class":66},[52,22518,174],{"class":84},[52,22520,67],{"class":66},[52,22522,22371],{"class":70},[52,22524,100],{"class":66},[52,22526,318],{"class":84},[52,22528,67],{"class":66},[52,22530,9419],{"class":70},[52,22532,100],{"class":66},[52,22534,174],{"class":84},[52,22536,13982],{"class":608},[52,22538,9429],{"class":84},[52,22540,22541],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22542,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22544,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22546,6081],{"class":761},[52,22548,18334],{"class":58},[52,22550,1638],{"class":761},[52,22552,13029],{"class":58},[52,22554,804],{"class":84},[52,22556,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,22558,784],{"class":80},[52,22560,85],{"class":84},[52,22562,22420],{"class":2180},[52,22564,100],{"class":70},[52,22566,9398],{"class":608},[52,22568,14966],{"class":88},[52,22570,22429],{"class":608},[52,22572,22432],{"class":70},[52,22574,9398],{"class":608},[52,22576,13750],{"class":88},[52,22578,4021],{"class":84},[52,22580,14966],{"class":88},[52,22582,13397],{"class":84},[52,22584,22429],{"class":608},[52,22586,100],{"class":70},[52,22588,329],{"class":84},[20,22590,6634,22591,22594],{},[15,22592,22593],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22596,22597,22598,92],{},"For a full guide, see ",[289,22599,22601],{"href":22600},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[38,22603,22605],{"id":22604},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22607,22608],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[43,22610,22612],{"className":45,"code":22611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22613,22614,22673,22677,22697,22701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22615,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22651,22653,22655,22657,22660,22662,22664,22666,22669,22671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22617,13199],{"class":58},[52,22619,63],{"class":62},[52,22621,10612],{"class":84},[52,22623,100],{"class":66},[52,22625,4199],{"class":70},[52,22627,100],{"class":66},[52,22629,174],{"class":84},[52,22631,67],{"class":66},[52,22633,13216],{"class":70},[52,22635,100],{"class":66},[52,22637,318],{"class":84},[52,22639,67],{"class":66},[52,22641,4208],{"class":70},[52,22643,100],{"class":66},[52,22645,174],{"class":84},[52,22647,67],{"class":66},[52,22649,22650],{"class":70},"yellow",[52,22652,100],{"class":66},[52,22654,318],{"class":84},[52,22656,67],{"class":66},[52,22658,22659],{"class":70},"grape",[52,22661,100],{"class":66},[52,22663,174],{"class":84},[52,22665,67],{"class":66},[52,22667,22668],{"class":70},"purple",[52,22670,100],{"class":66},[52,22672,9429],{"class":84},[52,22674,22675],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22676,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22678,22679,22682,22684,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22680,22681],{"class":58},"pairs_list ",[52,22683,63],{"class":62},[52,22685,22686],{"class":1929}," list",[52,22688,85],{"class":84},[52,22690,17627],{"class":88},[52,22692,92],{"class":84},[52,22694,7934],{"class":88},[52,22696,7317],{"class":84},[52,22698,22699],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,22700,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22702,22703,22705,22707,22710],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,22704,81],{"class":80},[52,22706,85],{"class":84},[52,22708,22709],{"class":88},"pairs_list",[52,22711,329],{"class":84},[20,22713,22714],{},[3865,22715,135],{},[43,22717,22719],{"className":45,"code":22718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22720,22721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22722,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751,22753,22755,22757,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22724,21866],{"class":84},[52,22726,1888],{"class":66},[52,22728,4199],{"class":70},[52,22730,1888],{"class":66},[52,22732,318],{"class":84},[52,22734,3416],{"class":66},[52,22736,13216],{"class":70},[52,22738,1888],{"class":66},[52,22740,9354],{"class":84},[52,22742,1370],{"class":84},[52,22744,1888],{"class":66},[52,22746,4208],{"class":70},[52,22748,1888],{"class":66},[52,22750,318],{"class":84},[52,22752,3416],{"class":66},[52,22754,22650],{"class":70},[52,22756,1888],{"class":66},[52,22758,9354],{"class":84},[52,22760,1370],{"class":84},[52,22762,1888],{"class":66},[52,22764,22659],{"class":70},[52,22766,1888],{"class":66},[52,22768,318],{"class":84},[52,22770,3416],{"class":66},[52,22772,22668],{"class":70},[52,22774,1888],{"class":66},[52,22776,9369],{"class":84},[20,22778,22779],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22781,22782],{},"Use this when:",[176,22784,22785,22788,22791],{},[179,22786,22787],{},"You want clearer printed output",[179,22789,22790],{},"You need list behavior",[179,22792,22793],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[38,22795,22797,10707,22799,10707,22801],{"id":22796},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22798,17204],{},[15,22800,17191],{},[15,22802,17197],{},[20,22804,22805],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[176,22807,22808,22813,22818],{},[179,22809,22810,22812],{},[15,22811,17204],{}," gives both key and value",[179,22814,22815,22817],{},[15,22816,17191],{}," gives only keys",[179,22819,22820,22822],{},[15,22821,17197],{}," gives only values",[20,22824,197],{},[43,22826,22828],{"className":45,"code":22827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22829,22830,22866,22870,22888,22906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22831,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22833,13328],{"class":58},[52,22835,63],{"class":62},[52,22837,10612],{"class":84},[52,22839,100],{"class":66},[52,22841,459],{"class":70},[52,22843,100],{"class":66},[52,22845,174],{"class":84},[52,22847,67],{"class":66},[52,22849,13003],{"class":70},[52,22851,100],{"class":66},[52,22853,318],{"class":84},[52,22855,67],{"class":66},[52,22857,9419],{"class":70},[52,22859,100],{"class":66},[52,22861,174],{"class":84},[52,22863,9426],{"class":608},[52,22865,9429],{"class":84},[52,22867,22868],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22869,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22873,81],{"class":80},[52,22875,85],{"class":84},[52,22877,8217],{"class":1929},[52,22879,85],{"class":84},[52,22881,17433],{"class":88},[52,22883,92],{"class":84},[52,22885,17049],{"class":88},[52,22887,6413],{"class":84},[52,22889,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,22891,81],{"class":80},[52,22893,85],{"class":84},[52,22895,8217],{"class":1929},[52,22897,85],{"class":84},[52,22899,17433],{"class":88},[52,22901,92],{"class":84},[52,22903,5482],{"class":88},[52,22905,6413],{"class":84},[52,22907,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,22909,81],{"class":80},[52,22911,85],{"class":84},[52,22913,8217],{"class":1929},[52,22915,85],{"class":84},[52,22917,17433],{"class":88},[52,22919,92],{"class":84},[52,22921,7934],{"class":88},[52,22923,6413],{"class":84},[20,22925,22926],{},[3865,22927,135],{},[43,22929,22931],{"className":45,"code":22930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22932,22933,22953,22969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22934,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22936,4021],{"class":84},[52,22938,1888],{"class":66},[52,22940,459],{"class":70},[52,22942,1888],{"class":66},[52,22944,318],{"class":84},[52,22946,3416],{"class":66},[52,22948,9419],{"class":70},[52,22950,1888],{"class":66},[52,22952,3757],{"class":84},[52,22954,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,22956,4021],{"class":84},[52,22958,1888],{"class":66},[52,22960,13003],{"class":70},[52,22962,1888],{"class":66},[52,22964,318],{"class":84},[52,22966,9426],{"class":608},[52,22968,3757],{"class":84},[52,22970,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,22972,21866],{"class":84},[52,22974,1888],{"class":66},[52,22976,459],{"class":70},[52,22978,1888],{"class":66},[52,22980,318],{"class":84},[52,22982,3416],{"class":66},[52,22984,13003],{"class":70},[52,22986,1888],{"class":66},[52,22988,9354],{"class":84},[52,22990,1370],{"class":84},[52,22992,1888],{"class":66},[52,22994,9419],{"class":70},[52,22996,1888],{"class":66},[52,22998,318],{"class":84},[52,23000,9426],{"class":608},[52,23002,9369],{"class":84},[20,23004,23005],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[176,23007,23008,23016,23024],{},[179,23009,23010,23011],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[289,23012,23014],{"href":23013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23015,17191],{},[179,23017,23018,23019],{},"Need just values? Use ",[289,23020,23022],{"href":23021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23023,17197],{},[179,23025,23026,23027],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23028,17204],{},[38,23030,5084,23032],{"id":23031},"when-to-use-items",[15,23033,17204],{},[20,23035,23036,23038],{},[15,23037,17204],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[176,23040,23041,23044,23047,23050,23053],{},[179,23042,23043],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[179,23045,23046],{},"Building formatted output",[179,23048,23049],{},"Looping through settings and values",[179,23051,23052],{},"Showing names with scores",[179,23054,23055],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23057,197],{},[43,23059,23061],{"className":45,"code":23060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23062,23063,23071,23089,23108,23120,23124,23128,23149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23064,23065,23067,23069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23066,13950],{"class":58},[52,23068,63],{"class":62},[52,23070,11615],{"class":84},[52,23072,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23074,11620],{"class":66},[52,23076,12617],{"class":70},[52,23078,100],{"class":66},[52,23080,174],{"class":84},[52,23082,67],{"class":66},[52,23084,12626],{"class":70},[52,23086,100],{"class":66},[52,23088,11636],{"class":84},[52,23090,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23104,23106],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23092,11620],{"class":66},[52,23094,20249],{"class":70},[52,23096,100],{"class":66},[52,23098,174],{"class":84},[52,23100,67],{"class":66},[52,23102,23103],{"class":70},"English",[52,23105,100],{"class":66},[52,23107,11636],{"class":84},[52,23109,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23111,11620],{"class":66},[52,23113,18650],{"class":70},[52,23115,100],{"class":66},[52,23117,174],{"class":84},[52,23119,6546],{"class":145},[52,23121,23122],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,23123,9429],{"class":84},[52,23125,23126],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,23127,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23129,23130,23132,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,23131,6081],{"class":761},[52,23133,23134],{"class":58}," setting",[52,23136,318],{"class":84},[52,23138,21710],{"class":58},[52,23140,1638],{"class":761},[52,23142,13994],{"class":58},[52,23144,92],{"class":84},[52,23146,7934],{"class":88},[52,23148,21721],{"class":84},[52,23150,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23164,23166,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,23152,784],{"class":80},[52,23154,85],{"class":84},[52,23156,22420],{"class":2180},[52,23158,100],{"class":70},[52,23160,9398],{"class":608},[52,23162,23163],{"class":88},"setting",[52,23165,22429],{"class":608},[52,23167,23168],{"class":70}," = ",[52,23170,9398],{"class":608},[52,23172,2591],{"class":88},[52,23174,22429],{"class":608},[52,23176,100],{"class":70},[52,23178,329],{"class":84},[20,23180,23181],{},[3865,23182,135],{},[43,23184,23186],{"className":45,"code":23185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23187,23188,23198,23208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23189,23190,23193,23195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23191,23192],{"class":58},"theme ",[52,23194,63],{"class":62},[52,23196,23197],{"class":58}," dark\n",[52,23199,23200,23203,23205],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23201,23202],{"class":58},"language ",[52,23204,63],{"class":62},[52,23206,23207],{"class":58}," English\n",[52,23209,23210,23213,23215],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23211,23212],{"class":58},"notifications ",[52,23214,63],{"class":62},[52,23216,6546],{"class":145},[38,23218,1445],{"id":1444},[20,23220,23221,23222,92],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23223,17204],{},[412,23225,23227,23228,23230],{"id":23226},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23229,17204],{}," incorrectly",[20,23232,23233,23234,23236,23237,23240],{},"Each result from ",[15,23235,17204],{}," has ",[3865,23238,23239],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23242,6812],{},[43,23244,23245],{"className":45,"code":21656,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,23246,23247,23283,23287,23307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23248,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23250,13328],{"class":58},[52,23252,63],{"class":62},[52,23254,10612],{"class":84},[52,23256,100],{"class":66},[52,23258,459],{"class":70},[52,23260,100],{"class":66},[52,23262,174],{"class":84},[52,23264,67],{"class":66},[52,23266,13003],{"class":70},[52,23268,100],{"class":66},[52,23270,318],{"class":84},[52,23272,67],{"class":66},[52,23274,9419],{"class":70},[52,23276,100],{"class":66},[52,23278,174],{"class":84},[52,23280,9426],{"class":608},[52,23282,9429],{"class":84},[52,23284,23285],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23286,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23288,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23290,6081],{"class":761},[52,23292,21705],{"class":58},[52,23294,318],{"class":84},[52,23296,21710],{"class":58},[52,23298,1638],{"class":761},[52,23300,13371],{"class":58},[52,23302,92],{"class":84},[52,23304,7934],{"class":88},[52,23306,21721],{"class":84},[52,23308,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23310,784],{"class":80},[52,23312,85],{"class":84},[52,23314,14966],{"class":88},[52,23316,318],{"class":84},[52,23318,8556],{"class":88},[52,23320,329],{"class":84},[20,23322,23323],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[43,23325,23327],{"className":45,"code":23326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23328,23329,23365,23369,23385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23330,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23332,13328],{"class":58},[52,23334,63],{"class":62},[52,23336,10612],{"class":84},[52,23338,100],{"class":66},[52,23340,459],{"class":70},[52,23342,100],{"class":66},[52,23344,174],{"class":84},[52,23346,67],{"class":66},[52,23348,13003],{"class":70},[52,23350,100],{"class":66},[52,23352,318],{"class":84},[52,23354,67],{"class":66},[52,23356,9419],{"class":70},[52,23358,100],{"class":66},[52,23360,174],{"class":84},[52,23362,9426],{"class":608},[52,23364,9429],{"class":84},[52,23366,23367],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23368,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23370,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23372,6081],{"class":761},[52,23374,18334],{"class":58},[52,23376,1638],{"class":761},[52,23378,13371],{"class":58},[52,23380,92],{"class":84},[52,23382,7934],{"class":88},[52,23384,21721],{"class":84},[52,23386,23387,23389,23391,23393],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23388,784],{"class":80},[52,23390,85],{"class":84},[52,23392,14966],{"class":88},[52,23394,329],{"class":84},[20,23396,23397,23398,23400,23401,23404],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23399,14966],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23402,23403],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23406,23407],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[43,23409,23411],{"className":45,"code":23410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23412,23413,23429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23414,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23416,6081],{"class":761},[52,23418,6084],{"class":58},[52,23420,1638],{"class":761},[52,23422,13371],{"class":58},[52,23424,92],{"class":84},[52,23426,7934],{"class":88},[52,23428,21721],{"class":84},[52,23430,23431,23433,23435,23438],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23432,784],{"class":80},[52,23434,85],{"class":84},[52,23436,23437],{"class":88},"item",[52,23439,329],{"class":84},[20,23441,23442],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[43,23444,23446],{"className":45,"code":23445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23447,23448,23468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23449,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23451,6081],{"class":761},[52,23453,21705],{"class":58},[52,23455,318],{"class":84},[52,23457,21710],{"class":58},[52,23459,1638],{"class":761},[52,23461,13371],{"class":58},[52,23463,92],{"class":84},[52,23465,7934],{"class":88},[52,23467,21721],{"class":84},[52,23469,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23471,784],{"class":80},[52,23473,85],{"class":84},[52,23475,14966],{"class":88},[52,23477,318],{"class":84},[52,23479,8556],{"class":88},[52,23481,329],{"class":84},[412,23483,1725,23485,23487],{"id":23484},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23486,17204],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23489,23490,22101,23492,23494],{},[15,23491,17204],{},[15,23493,22034],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23496,23497],{},"Check it:",[43,23499,23501],{"className":45,"code":23500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23502,23503,23535,23539,23553,23571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23504,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23506,11847],{"class":58},[52,23508,63],{"class":62},[52,23510,10612],{"class":84},[52,23512,100],{"class":66},[52,23514,289],{"class":70},[52,23516,100],{"class":66},[52,23518,174],{"class":84},[52,23520,5621],{"class":608},[52,23522,318],{"class":84},[52,23524,67],{"class":66},[52,23526,4883],{"class":70},[52,23528,100],{"class":66},[52,23530,174],{"class":84},[52,23532,3111],{"class":608},[52,23534,9429],{"class":84},[52,23536,23537],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23538,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23540,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23542,81],{"class":80},[52,23544,85],{"class":84},[52,23546,11571],{"class":88},[52,23548,92],{"class":84},[52,23550,7934],{"class":88},[52,23552,7317],{"class":84},[52,23554,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23556,81],{"class":80},[52,23558,85],{"class":84},[52,23560,1930],{"class":1929},[52,23562,85],{"class":84},[52,23564,11571],{"class":88},[52,23566,92],{"class":84},[52,23568,7934],{"class":88},[52,23570,6413],{"class":84},[52,23572,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,23574,81],{"class":80},[52,23576,85],{"class":84},[52,23578,8217],{"class":1929},[52,23580,85],{"class":84},[52,23582,11571],{"class":88},[52,23584,92],{"class":84},[52,23586,7934],{"class":88},[52,23588,6413],{"class":84},[20,23590,23591],{},[3865,23592,135],{},[43,23594,23596],{"className":45,"code":23595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23597,23598,23630,23644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23599,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23601,22034],{"class":88},[52,23603,9778],{"class":84},[52,23605,1888],{"class":66},[52,23607,289],{"class":70},[52,23609,1888],{"class":66},[52,23611,318],{"class":84},[52,23613,5621],{"class":608},[52,23615,9354],{"class":84},[52,23617,1370],{"class":84},[52,23619,1888],{"class":66},[52,23621,4883],{"class":70},[52,23623,1888],{"class":66},[52,23625,318],{"class":84},[52,23627,3111],{"class":608},[52,23629,10801],{"class":84},[52,23631,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23633,3410],{"class":62},[52,23635,3413],{"class":2180},[52,23637,3416],{"class":66},[52,23639,22034],{"class":70},[52,23641,1888],{"class":66},[52,23643,3423],{"class":62},[52,23645,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23647,21866],{"class":84},[52,23649,1888],{"class":66},[52,23651,289],{"class":70},[52,23653,1888],{"class":66},[52,23655,318],{"class":84},[52,23657,5621],{"class":608},[52,23659,9354],{"class":84},[52,23661,1370],{"class":84},[52,23663,1888],{"class":66},[52,23665,4883],{"class":70},[52,23667,1888],{"class":66},[52,23669,318],{"class":84},[52,23671,3111],{"class":608},[52,23673,9369],{"class":84},[412,23675,23677,23678],{"id":23676},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23679,17204],{},[20,23681,23682],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23684,23685],{},"Problem example:",[43,23687,23689],{"className":45,"code":23688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23690,23691,23735,23739,23759,23771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23692,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23694,3739],{"class":58},[52,23696,63],{"class":62},[52,23698,10612],{"class":84},[52,23700,100],{"class":66},[52,23702,289],{"class":70},[52,23704,100],{"class":66},[52,23706,174],{"class":84},[52,23708,5621],{"class":608},[52,23710,318],{"class":84},[52,23712,67],{"class":66},[52,23714,4883],{"class":70},[52,23716,100],{"class":66},[52,23718,174],{"class":84},[52,23720,3111],{"class":608},[52,23722,318],{"class":84},[52,23724,67],{"class":66},[52,23726,9860],{"class":70},[52,23728,100],{"class":66},[52,23730,174],{"class":84},[52,23732,609],{"class":608},[52,23734,9429],{"class":84},[52,23736,23737],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23738,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23740,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23742,6081],{"class":761},[52,23744,21705],{"class":58},[52,23746,318],{"class":84},[52,23748,21710],{"class":58},[52,23750,1638],{"class":761},[52,23752,4384],{"class":58},[52,23754,92],{"class":84},[52,23756,7934],{"class":88},[52,23758,21721],{"class":84},[52,23760,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23762,6521],{"class":761},[52,23764,21710],{"class":58},[52,23766,4810],{"class":62},[52,23768,3111],{"class":608},[52,23770,804],{"class":84},[52,23772,23773,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,23774,23775],{"class":58},"        numbers",[52,23777,4021],{"class":84},[52,23779,100],{"class":66},[52,23781,18893],{"class":70},[52,23783,100],{"class":66},[52,23785,13397],{"class":84},[52,23787,13400],{"class":62},[52,23789,23790],{"class":608}," 4\n",[20,23792,23793],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23795,23796],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[43,23798,23800],{"className":45,"code":23799,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23801,23802,23846,23850,23875,23887,23905,23909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23803,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23805,3739],{"class":58},[52,23807,63],{"class":62},[52,23809,10612],{"class":84},[52,23811,100],{"class":66},[52,23813,289],{"class":70},[52,23815,100],{"class":66},[52,23817,174],{"class":84},[52,23819,5621],{"class":608},[52,23821,318],{"class":84},[52,23823,67],{"class":66},[52,23825,4883],{"class":70},[52,23827,100],{"class":66},[52,23829,174],{"class":84},[52,23831,3111],{"class":608},[52,23833,318],{"class":84},[52,23835,67],{"class":66},[52,23837,9860],{"class":70},[52,23839,100],{"class":66},[52,23841,174],{"class":84},[52,23843,609],{"class":608},[52,23845,9429],{"class":84},[52,23847,23848],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23849,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23851,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23853,6081],{"class":761},[52,23855,21705],{"class":58},[52,23857,318],{"class":84},[52,23859,21710],{"class":58},[52,23861,1638],{"class":761},[52,23863,22686],{"class":1929},[52,23865,85],{"class":84},[52,23867,3771],{"class":88},[52,23869,92],{"class":84},[52,23871,7934],{"class":88},[52,23873,23874],{"class":84},"()):\n",[52,23876,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23878,6521],{"class":761},[52,23880,21710],{"class":58},[52,23882,4810],{"class":62},[52,23884,3111],{"class":608},[52,23886,804],{"class":84},[52,23888,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,23890,23775],{"class":58},[52,23892,4021],{"class":84},[52,23894,100],{"class":66},[52,23896,18893],{"class":70},[52,23898,100],{"class":66},[52,23900,13397],{"class":84},[52,23902,13400],{"class":62},[52,23904,23790],{"class":608},[52,23906,23907],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,23908,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23910,23911,23913,23915,23917],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,23912,81],{"class":80},[52,23914,85],{"class":84},[52,23916,3771],{"class":88},[52,23918,329],{"class":84},[412,23920,23922],{"id":23921},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23924,23925],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[43,23927,23929],{"className":45,"code":23928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23930,23931,23963,23967,23983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23932,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957,23959,23961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23934,9286],{"class":58},[52,23936,63],{"class":62},[52,23938,10612],{"class":84},[52,23940,100],{"class":66},[52,23942,2289],{"class":70},[52,23944,100],{"class":66},[52,23946,174],{"class":84},[52,23948,688],{"class":608},[52,23950,318],{"class":84},[52,23952,67],{"class":66},[52,23954,11868],{"class":70},[52,23956,100],{"class":66},[52,23958,174],{"class":84},[52,23960,7914],{"class":608},[52,23962,9429],{"class":84},[52,23964,23965],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,23966,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,23968,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,23970,6081],{"class":761},[52,23972,6084],{"class":58},[52,23974,1638],{"class":761},[52,23976,14691],{"class":58},[52,23978,92],{"class":84},[52,23980,7934],{"class":88},[52,23982,21721],{"class":84},[52,23984,23985,23987,23989,23991],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,23986,784],{"class":80},[52,23988,85],{"class":84},[52,23990,23437],{"class":88},[52,23992,329],{"class":84},[20,23994,23995],{},[3865,23996,135],{},[43,23998,24000],{"className":45,"code":23999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24001,24002,24018],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24003,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24005,85],{"class":84},[52,24007,1888],{"class":66},[52,24009,2289],{"class":70},[52,24011,1888],{"class":66},[52,24013,318],{"class":84},[52,24015,688],{"class":608},[52,24017,329],{"class":84},[52,24019,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24021,85],{"class":84},[52,24023,1888],{"class":66},[52,24025,11868],{"class":70},[52,24027,1888],{"class":66},[52,24029,318],{"class":84},[52,24031,7914],{"class":608},[52,24033,329],{"class":84},[20,24035,24036,24037,24039],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24038,21781],{}," pair.",[38,24041,1940],{"id":1939},[412,24043,24045,24046,5269],{"id":24044},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24047,17204],{},[20,24049,17546,24050,24052],{},[15,24051,22034],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[412,24054,1944,24056,24058],{"id":24055},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24057,17204],{}," return a list?",[20,24060,24061,24062,24065],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24063,24064],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[412,24067,24069,24070,1993],{"id":24068},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24071,17204],{},[20,24073,24074],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[43,24076,24078],{"className":45,"code":24077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24079,24080,24100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24083,6081],{"class":761},[52,24085,21705],{"class":58},[52,24087,318],{"class":84},[52,24089,21710],{"class":58},[52,24091,1638],{"class":761},[52,24093,11889],{"class":58},[52,24095,92],{"class":84},[52,24097,7934],{"class":88},[52,24099,21721],{"class":84},[52,24101,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24103,784],{"class":80},[52,24105,85],{"class":84},[52,24107,14966],{"class":88},[52,24109,318],{"class":84},[52,24111,8556],{"class":88},[52,24113,329],{"class":84},[412,24115,1944,24117,24119],{"id":24116},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24118,17204],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24121,24122],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[38,24124,2005],{"id":2004},[176,24126,24127,24133,24139,24144,24148],{},[179,24128,24129],{},[289,24130,10859,24131,1441],{"href":23013},[15,24132,17191],{},[179,24134,24135],{},[289,24136,10859,24137,1441],{"href":23021},[15,24138,17197],{},[179,24140,24141],{},[289,24142,24143],{"href":22600},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[179,24145,24146],{},[289,24147,9276],{"href":13146},[179,24149,24150],{},[289,24151,24152],{"href":21904},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2035,24154,24155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":24157},[24158,24159,24161,24162,24163,24165,24166,24168,24170,24179,24189],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":21764,"depth":77,"text":24160},"What items() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":22095,"depth":77,"text":22096},{"id":22321,"depth":77,"text":24164},"Looping with items()",{"id":22604,"depth":77,"text":22605},{"id":22796,"depth":77,"text":24167},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23031,"depth":77,"text":24169},"When to use items()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":24171},[24172,24174,24176,24178],{"id":23226,"depth":111,"text":24173},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23484,"depth":111,"text":24175},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23676,"depth":111,"text":24177},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23921,"depth":111,"text":23922},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":24180},[24181,24183,24185,24187],{"id":24044,"depth":111,"text":24182},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24055,"depth":111,"text":24184},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24068,"depth":111,"text":24186},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24116,"depth":111,"text":24188},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21632,"description":24190},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24197,"title":24198,"body":24199,"description":26288,"extension":2078,"meta":26289,"navigation":221,"path":23013,"seo":26290,"stem":26291,"__hash__":26292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24200,"toc":26254},[24201,24206,24212,24215,24226,24233,24235,24318,24322,24369,24374,24379,24384,24386,24402,24404,24503,24507,24564,24567,24569,24572,24665,24669,24732,24735,24751,24756,24758,24760,24775,24777,24788,24790,24833,24836,24879,24882,24884,24891,24894,24911,24913,25006,25010,25051,25063,25067,25070,25158,25162,25182,25185,25212,25219,25224,25228,25239,25241,25345,25349,25375,25378,25445,25450,25453,25476,25481,25485,25490,25496,25501,25503,25558,25562,25589,25596,25602,25605,25630,25635,25661,25664,25739,25746,25751,25753,25792,25810,25814,25817,25860,25863,25865,25884,25886,25891,25916,25919,25989,25992,26065,26069,26071,26132,26135,26151,26153,26158,26163,26170,26179,26185,26191,26198,26204,26208,26213,26215,26251],[10,24202,11441,24204,18],{"id":24203},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24205,17191],{},[20,24207,24208,24209,24211],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24210,17191],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24213,24214],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[176,24216,24217,24220,24223],{},[179,24218,24219],{},"view the available keys",[179,24221,24222],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[179,24224,24225],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24227,24228,24230,24231,92],{},[15,24229,17191],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24232,17140],{},[38,24234,41],{"id":40},[43,24236,24238],{"className":45,"code":24237,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24239,24240,24276,24290,24294,24304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24241,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24243,12986],{"class":58},[52,24245,63],{"class":62},[52,24247,10612],{"class":84},[52,24249,100],{"class":66},[52,24251,459],{"class":70},[52,24253,100],{"class":66},[52,24255,174],{"class":84},[52,24257,67],{"class":66},[52,24259,13003],{"class":70},[52,24261,100],{"class":66},[52,24263,318],{"class":84},[52,24265,67],{"class":66},[52,24267,9419],{"class":70},[52,24269,100],{"class":66},[52,24271,174],{"class":84},[52,24273,7914],{"class":608},[52,24275,9429],{"class":84},[52,24277,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24279,17368],{"class":58},[52,24281,63],{"class":62},[52,24283,13029],{"class":58},[52,24285,92],{"class":84},[52,24287,17049],{"class":88},[52,24289,8763],{"class":84},[52,24291,24292],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,24293,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,24297,81],{"class":80},[52,24299,85],{"class":84},[52,24301,17049],{"class":88},[52,24303,329],{"class":84},[52,24305,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,24307,81],{"class":80},[52,24309,85],{"class":84},[52,24311,8217],{"class":1929},[52,24313,85],{"class":84},[52,24315,17049],{"class":88},[52,24317,108],{"class":84},[20,24319,24320],{},[3865,24321,135],{},[43,24323,24325],{"className":45,"code":24324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24326,24327,24349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24328,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24330,17140],{"class":88},[52,24332,3103],{"class":84},[52,24334,1888],{"class":66},[52,24336,459],{"class":70},[52,24338,1888],{"class":66},[52,24340,318],{"class":84},[52,24342,3416],{"class":66},[52,24344,9419],{"class":70},[52,24346,1888],{"class":66},[52,24348,4009],{"class":84},[52,24350,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24352,4021],{"class":84},[52,24354,1888],{"class":66},[52,24356,459],{"class":70},[52,24358,1888],{"class":66},[52,24360,318],{"class":84},[52,24362,3416],{"class":66},[52,24364,9419],{"class":70},[52,24366,1888],{"class":66},[52,24368,3757],{"class":84},[20,24370,154,24371,24373],{},[15,24372,17191],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[38,24375,166,24377,169],{"id":24376},"what-keys-does",[15,24378,17191],{},[20,24380,24381,24383],{},[15,24382,17191],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24385,11580],{},[176,24387,24388,24391,24394,24399],{},[179,24389,24390],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[179,24392,24393],{},"It does not need any arguments",[179,24395,17546,24396,24398],{},[15,24397,17140],{}," view object, not a list",[179,24400,24401],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24403,197],{},[43,24405,24407],{"className":45,"code":24406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24408,24409,24445,24449,24463,24467,24489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24410,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24412,13328],{"class":58},[52,24414,63],{"class":62},[52,24416,10612],{"class":84},[52,24418,100],{"class":66},[52,24420,459],{"class":70},[52,24422,100],{"class":66},[52,24424,174],{"class":84},[52,24426,67],{"class":66},[52,24428,13345],{"class":70},[52,24430,100],{"class":66},[52,24432,318],{"class":84},[52,24434,67],{"class":66},[52,24436,9419],{"class":70},[52,24438,100],{"class":66},[52,24440,174],{"class":84},[52,24442,9426],{"class":608},[52,24444,9429],{"class":84},[52,24446,24447],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24448,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,24450,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,24452,81],{"class":80},[52,24454,85],{"class":84},[52,24456,17433],{"class":88},[52,24458,92],{"class":84},[52,24460,17049],{"class":88},[52,24462,7317],{"class":84},[52,24464,24465],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,24466,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,24470,17433],{"class":58},[52,24472,4021],{"class":84},[52,24474,100],{"class":66},[52,24476,10530],{"class":70},[52,24478,100],{"class":66},[52,24480,13397],{"class":84},[52,24482,13400],{"class":62},[52,24484,67],{"class":66},[52,24486,10537],{"class":70},[52,24488,74],{"class":66},[52,24490,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,24492,81],{"class":80},[52,24494,85],{"class":84},[52,24496,17433],{"class":88},[52,24498,92],{"class":84},[52,24500,17049],{"class":88},[52,24502,7317],{"class":84},[20,24504,24505],{},[3865,24506,135],{},[43,24508,24510],{"className":45,"code":24509,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24511,24512,24534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24513,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24515,17140],{"class":88},[52,24517,3103],{"class":84},[52,24519,1888],{"class":66},[52,24521,459],{"class":70},[52,24523,1888],{"class":66},[52,24525,318],{"class":84},[52,24527,3416],{"class":66},[52,24529,9419],{"class":70},[52,24531,1888],{"class":66},[52,24533,4009],{"class":84},[52,24535,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24537,17140],{"class":88},[52,24539,3103],{"class":84},[52,24541,1888],{"class":66},[52,24543,459],{"class":70},[52,24545,1888],{"class":66},[52,24547,318],{"class":84},[52,24549,3416],{"class":66},[52,24551,9419],{"class":70},[52,24553,1888],{"class":66},[52,24555,318],{"class":84},[52,24557,3416],{"class":66},[52,24559,10530],{"class":70},[52,24561,1888],{"class":66},[52,24563,4009],{"class":84},[20,24565,24566],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[38,24568,5910],{"id":5909},[20,24570,24571],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[43,24573,24575],{"className":45,"code":24574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24576,24577,24629,24633,24647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24578,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24580,9286],{"class":58},[52,24582,63],{"class":62},[52,24584,10612],{"class":84},[52,24586,100],{"class":66},[52,24588,459],{"class":70},[52,24590,100],{"class":66},[52,24592,174],{"class":84},[52,24594,67],{"class":66},[52,24596,13003],{"class":70},[52,24598,100],{"class":66},[52,24600,318],{"class":84},[52,24602,67],{"class":66},[52,24604,9419],{"class":70},[52,24606,100],{"class":66},[52,24608,174],{"class":84},[52,24610,7914],{"class":608},[52,24612,318],{"class":84},[52,24614,67],{"class":66},[52,24616,20017],{"class":70},[52,24618,100],{"class":66},[52,24620,174],{"class":84},[52,24622,67],{"class":66},[52,24624,22371],{"class":70},[52,24626,100],{"class":66},[52,24628,9429],{"class":84},[52,24630,24631],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24632,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,24634,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,24636,81],{"class":80},[52,24638,85],{"class":84},[52,24640,9325],{"class":88},[52,24642,92],{"class":84},[52,24644,17049],{"class":88},[52,24646,7317],{"class":84},[52,24648,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,24650,81],{"class":80},[52,24652,85],{"class":84},[52,24654,8217],{"class":1929},[52,24656,85],{"class":84},[52,24658,9325],{"class":88},[52,24660,92],{"class":84},[52,24662,17049],{"class":88},[52,24664,6413],{"class":84},[20,24666,24667],{},[3865,24668,135],{},[43,24670,24672],{"className":45,"code":24671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24673,24674,24704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24675,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24677,17140],{"class":88},[52,24679,3103],{"class":84},[52,24681,1888],{"class":66},[52,24683,459],{"class":70},[52,24685,1888],{"class":66},[52,24687,318],{"class":84},[52,24689,3416],{"class":66},[52,24691,9419],{"class":70},[52,24693,1888],{"class":66},[52,24695,318],{"class":84},[52,24697,3416],{"class":66},[52,24699,20017],{"class":70},[52,24701,1888],{"class":66},[52,24703,4009],{"class":84},[52,24705,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24707,4021],{"class":84},[52,24709,1888],{"class":66},[52,24711,459],{"class":70},[52,24713,1888],{"class":66},[52,24715,318],{"class":84},[52,24717,3416],{"class":66},[52,24719,9419],{"class":70},[52,24721,1888],{"class":66},[52,24723,318],{"class":84},[52,24725,3416],{"class":66},[52,24727,20017],{"class":70},[52,24729,1888],{"class":66},[52,24731,3757],{"class":84},[20,24733,24734],{},"This shows two things:",[176,24736,24737,24745],{},[179,24738,24739,22101,24742,24744],{},[15,24740,24741],{},"data.keys()",[15,24743,17140],{}," object",[179,24746,24747,24750],{},[15,24748,24749],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24752,9272,24753,92],{},[289,24754,24755],{"href":9511},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[38,24757,5554],{"id":5553},[20,24759,2275],{},[43,24761,24763],{"className":45,"code":24762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24764,24765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24766,24767,24769,24771,24773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24768,11571],{"class":58},[52,24770,92],{"class":84},[52,24772,17049],{"class":88},[52,24774,8763],{"class":84},[20,24776,21926],{},[176,24778,24779,24782,24785],{},[179,24780,24781],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[179,24783,24784],{},"It takes no parameters",[179,24786,24787],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24789,16781],{},[43,24791,24793],{"className":45,"code":24792,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24794,24795,24819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24796,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24798,12986],{"class":58},[52,24800,63],{"class":62},[52,24802,10612],{"class":84},[52,24804,100],{"class":66},[52,24806,459],{"class":70},[52,24808,100],{"class":66},[52,24810,174],{"class":84},[52,24812,67],{"class":66},[52,24814,13003],{"class":70},[52,24816,100],{"class":66},[52,24818,9429],{"class":84},[52,24820,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24822,81],{"class":80},[52,24824,85],{"class":84},[52,24826,13750],{"class":88},[52,24828,92],{"class":84},[52,24830,17049],{"class":88},[52,24832,7317],{"class":84},[20,24834,24835],{},"Incorrect:",[43,24837,24839],{"className":45,"code":24838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24840,24841,24865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24842,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24844,12986],{"class":58},[52,24846,63],{"class":62},[52,24848,10612],{"class":84},[52,24850,100],{"class":66},[52,24852,459],{"class":70},[52,24854,100],{"class":66},[52,24856,174],{"class":84},[52,24858,67],{"class":66},[52,24860,13003],{"class":70},[52,24862,100],{"class":66},[52,24864,9429],{"class":84},[52,24866,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24868,81],{"class":80},[52,24870,85],{"class":84},[52,24872,13750],{"class":88},[52,24874,92],{"class":84},[52,24876,17049],{"class":1803},[52,24878,329],{"class":84},[20,24880,24881],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[38,24883,710],{"id":709},[20,24885,24886,22101,24888,24890],{},[15,24887,17191],{},[15,24889,17140],{}," object.",[20,24892,24893],{},"This object:",[176,24895,24896,24899,24902,24908],{},[179,24897,24898],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[179,24900,24901],{},"can be used in a loop",[179,24903,24904,24905],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24906,24907],{},"list()",[179,24909,24910],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24912,197],{},[43,24914,24916],{"className":45,"code":24915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24917,24918,24959,24963,24978,24982,24992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24919,24920,24923,24925,24927,24929,24932,24934,24936,24938,24941,24943,24945,24947,24950,24952,24954,24957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24921,24922],{"class":58},"car ",[52,24924,63],{"class":62},[52,24926,10612],{"class":84},[52,24928,100],{"class":66},[52,24930,24931],{"class":70},"brand",[52,24933,100],{"class":66},[52,24935,174],{"class":84},[52,24937,67],{"class":66},[52,24939,24940],{"class":70},"Toyota",[52,24942,100],{"class":66},[52,24944,318],{"class":84},[52,24946,67],{"class":66},[52,24948,24949],{"class":70},"year",[52,24951,100],{"class":66},[52,24953,174],{"class":84},[52,24955,24956],{"class":608}," 2020",[52,24958,9429],{"class":84},[52,24960,24961],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,24962,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,24964,24965,24967,24969,24972,24974,24976],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,24966,2346],{"class":58},[52,24968,63],{"class":62},[52,24970,24971],{"class":58}," car",[52,24973,92],{"class":84},[52,24975,17049],{"class":88},[52,24977,8763],{"class":84},[52,24979,24980],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,24981,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,24983,24984,24986,24988,24990],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,24985,81],{"class":80},[52,24987,85],{"class":84},[52,24989,2381],{"class":88},[52,24991,329],{"class":84},[52,24993,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,24995,81],{"class":80},[52,24997,85],{"class":84},[52,24999,1930],{"class":1929},[52,25001,85],{"class":84},[52,25003,2381],{"class":88},[52,25005,108],{"class":84},[20,25007,25008],{},[3865,25009,135],{},[43,25011,25013],{"className":45,"code":25012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25014,25015,25037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25016,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25018,17140],{"class":88},[52,25020,3103],{"class":84},[52,25022,1888],{"class":66},[52,25024,24931],{"class":70},[52,25026,1888],{"class":66},[52,25028,318],{"class":84},[52,25030,3416],{"class":66},[52,25032,24949],{"class":70},[52,25034,1888],{"class":66},[52,25036,4009],{"class":84},[52,25038,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25040,3410],{"class":62},[52,25042,3413],{"class":2180},[52,25044,3416],{"class":66},[52,25046,17140],{"class":70},[52,25048,1888],{"class":66},[52,25050,3423],{"class":62},[20,25052,25053,25054,25058,25059,92],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[289,25055,10859,25056,1441],{"href":17194},[15,25057,17197],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[289,25060,10859,25061,1441],{"href":17201},[15,25062,17204],{},[38,25064,25066],{"id":25065},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25068,25069],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[43,25071,25073],{"className":45,"code":25072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25074,25075,25128,25132,25148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25076,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25124,25126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25078,12986],{"class":58},[52,25080,63],{"class":62},[52,25082,10612],{"class":84},[52,25084,100],{"class":66},[52,25086,459],{"class":70},[52,25088,100],{"class":66},[52,25090,174],{"class":84},[52,25092,67],{"class":66},[52,25094,13003],{"class":70},[52,25096,100],{"class":66},[52,25098,318],{"class":84},[52,25100,67],{"class":66},[52,25102,9419],{"class":70},[52,25104,100],{"class":66},[52,25106,174],{"class":84},[52,25108,7914],{"class":608},[52,25110,318],{"class":84},[52,25112,67],{"class":66},[52,25114,15453],{"class":70},[52,25116,100],{"class":66},[52,25118,174],{"class":84},[52,25120,67],{"class":66},[52,25122,25123],{"class":70},"Math",[52,25125,100],{"class":66},[52,25127,9429],{"class":84},[52,25129,25130],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25131,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,25133,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25135,6081],{"class":761},[52,25137,18334],{"class":58},[52,25139,1638],{"class":761},[52,25141,13029],{"class":58},[52,25143,92],{"class":84},[52,25145,17049],{"class":88},[52,25147,21721],{"class":84},[52,25149,25150,25152,25154,25156],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,25151,784],{"class":80},[52,25153,85],{"class":84},[52,25155,14966],{"class":88},[52,25157,329],{"class":84},[20,25159,25160],{},[3865,25161,135],{},[43,25163,25165],{"className":45,"code":25164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25166,25167,25172,25177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25168,25169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25170,25171],{"class":58},"name\n",[52,25173,25174],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25175,25176],{"class":58},"age\n",[52,25178,25179],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25180,25181],{"class":58},"course\n",[20,25183,25184],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[43,25186,25188],{"className":45,"code":25187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25189,25190,25202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25191,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25193,6081],{"class":761},[52,25195,18334],{"class":58},[52,25197,1638],{"class":761},[52,25199,13029],{"class":58},[52,25201,804],{"class":84},[52,25203,25204,25206,25208,25210],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25205,784],{"class":80},[52,25207,85],{"class":84},[52,25209,14966],{"class":88},[52,25211,329],{"class":84},[20,25213,25214,25215,25218],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25216,25217],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[38,25220,5084,25222],{"id":25221},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25223,17191],{},[20,25225,154,25226,10723],{},[15,25227,17191],{},[176,25229,25230,25233,25236],{},[179,25231,25232],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[179,25234,25235],{},"you want to display available fields",[179,25237,25238],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25240,197],{},[43,25242,25244],{"className":45,"code":25243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25245,25246,25299,25303,25318,25335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25247,25248,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25268,25270,25272,25274,25277,25279,25281,25284,25286,25288,25291,25293,25295,25297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25249,25250],{"class":58},"product ",[52,25252,63],{"class":62},[52,25254,10612],{"class":84},[52,25256,100],{"class":66},[52,25258,459],{"class":70},[52,25260,100],{"class":66},[52,25262,174],{"class":84},[52,25264,67],{"class":66},[52,25266,25267],{"class":70},"Book",[52,25269,100],{"class":66},[52,25271,318],{"class":84},[52,25273,67],{"class":66},[52,25275,25276],{"class":70},"price",[52,25278,100],{"class":66},[52,25280,174],{"class":84},[52,25282,25283],{"class":608}," 12.99",[52,25285,318],{"class":84},[52,25287,67],{"class":66},[52,25289,25290],{"class":70},"stock",[52,25292,100],{"class":66},[52,25294,174],{"class":84},[52,25296,4726],{"class":608},[52,25298,9429],{"class":84},[52,25300,25301],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25302,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,25304,25305,25307,25309,25311,25314,25316],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25306,81],{"class":80},[52,25308,85],{"class":84},[52,25310,100],{"class":66},[52,25312,25313],{"class":70},"Available fields:",[52,25315,100],{"class":66},[52,25317,329],{"class":84},[52,25319,25320,25322,25324,25326,25329,25331,25333],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,25321,6081],{"class":761},[52,25323,18334],{"class":58},[52,25325,1638],{"class":761},[52,25327,25328],{"class":58}," product",[52,25330,92],{"class":84},[52,25332,17049],{"class":88},[52,25334,21721],{"class":84},[52,25336,25337,25339,25341,25343],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,25338,784],{"class":80},[52,25340,85],{"class":84},[52,25342,14966],{"class":88},[52,25344,329],{"class":84},[20,25346,25347],{},[3865,25348,135],{},[43,25350,25352],{"className":45,"code":25351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25353,25354,25361,25365,25370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25355,25356,25359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25357,25358],{"class":58},"Available fields",[52,25360,804],{"class":84},[52,25362,25363],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25364,25171],{"class":58},[52,25366,25367],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25368,25369],{"class":58},"price\n",[52,25371,25372],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,25373,25374],{"class":58},"stock\n",[20,25376,25377],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[43,25379,25381],{"className":45,"code":25380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25382,25383,25419,25423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25384,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25386,25250],{"class":58},[52,25388,63],{"class":62},[52,25390,10612],{"class":84},[52,25392,100],{"class":66},[52,25394,459],{"class":70},[52,25396,100],{"class":66},[52,25398,174],{"class":84},[52,25400,67],{"class":66},[52,25402,25267],{"class":70},[52,25404,100],{"class":66},[52,25406,318],{"class":84},[52,25408,67],{"class":66},[52,25410,25276],{"class":70},[52,25412,100],{"class":66},[52,25414,174],{"class":84},[52,25416,25283],{"class":608},[52,25418,9429],{"class":84},[52,25420,25421],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25422,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,25424,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25426,81],{"class":80},[52,25428,85],{"class":84},[52,25430,100],{"class":66},[52,25432,459],{"class":70},[52,25434,100],{"class":66},[52,25436,1702],{"class":761},[52,25438,25328],{"class":88},[52,25440,92],{"class":84},[52,25442,17049],{"class":88},[52,25444,7317],{"class":84},[20,25446,25447,25448,92],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25449,31],{},[20,25451,25452],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[43,25454,25456],{"className":45,"code":25455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25457,25458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25459,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25461,81],{"class":80},[52,25463,85],{"class":84},[52,25465,100],{"class":66},[52,25467,459],{"class":70},[52,25469,100],{"class":66},[52,25471,1702],{"class":761},[52,25473,25328],{"class":88},[52,25475,329],{"class":84},[20,25477,25478,25479,92],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[289,25480,21332],{"href":17279},[38,25482,25484],{"id":25483},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25486,25487,25488,92],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25489,17191],{},[412,25491,1725,25493,25495],{"id":25492},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25494,17191],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25497,25498,25500],{},[15,25499,17191],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25502,197],{},[43,25504,25506],{"className":45,"code":25505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25507,25508,25544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25509,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25511,9286],{"class":58},[52,25513,63],{"class":62},[52,25515,10612],{"class":84},[52,25517,100],{"class":66},[52,25519,459],{"class":70},[52,25521,100],{"class":66},[52,25523,174],{"class":84},[52,25525,67],{"class":66},[52,25527,13003],{"class":70},[52,25529,100],{"class":66},[52,25531,318],{"class":84},[52,25533,67],{"class":66},[52,25535,9419],{"class":70},[52,25537,100],{"class":66},[52,25539,174],{"class":84},[52,25541,7914],{"class":608},[52,25543,9429],{"class":84},[52,25545,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25547,81],{"class":80},[52,25549,85],{"class":84},[52,25551,9325],{"class":88},[52,25553,92],{"class":84},[52,25555,17049],{"class":88},[52,25557,7317],{"class":84},[20,25559,25560],{},[3865,25561,135],{},[43,25563,25565],{"className":45,"code":25564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25566,25567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25568,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25570,17140],{"class":88},[52,25572,3103],{"class":84},[52,25574,1888],{"class":66},[52,25576,459],{"class":70},[52,25578,1888],{"class":66},[52,25580,318],{"class":84},[52,25582,3416],{"class":66},[52,25584,9419],{"class":70},[52,25586,1888],{"class":66},[52,25588,4009],{"class":84},[20,25590,25591,25592,92],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[289,25593,25594],{"href":17201},[15,25595,17204],{},[412,25597,25599,25600],{"id":25598},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25601,17140],{},[20,25603,25604],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[43,25606,25608],{"className":45,"code":25607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25609,25610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25611,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25613,4021],{"class":84},[52,25615,1888],{"class":66},[52,25617,459],{"class":70},[52,25619,1888],{"class":66},[52,25621,318],{"class":84},[52,25623,3416],{"class":66},[52,25625,9419],{"class":70},[52,25627,1888],{"class":66},[52,25629,3757],{"class":84},[20,25631,25632,25633,715],{},"But ",[15,25634,17191],{},[43,25636,25637],{"className":45,"code":25564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,25638,25639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25640,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25642,17140],{"class":88},[52,25644,3103],{"class":84},[52,25646,1888],{"class":66},[52,25648,459],{"class":70},[52,25650,1888],{"class":66},[52,25652,318],{"class":84},[52,25654,3416],{"class":66},[52,25656,9419],{"class":70},[52,25658,1888],{"class":66},[52,25660,4009],{"class":84},[20,25662,25663],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[43,25665,25667],{"className":45,"code":25666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25668,25669,25705,25724,25728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25670,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25672,9286],{"class":58},[52,25674,63],{"class":62},[52,25676,10612],{"class":84},[52,25678,100],{"class":66},[52,25680,459],{"class":70},[52,25682,100],{"class":66},[52,25684,174],{"class":84},[52,25686,67],{"class":66},[52,25688,13003],{"class":70},[52,25690,100],{"class":66},[52,25692,318],{"class":84},[52,25694,67],{"class":66},[52,25696,9419],{"class":70},[52,25698,100],{"class":66},[52,25700,174],{"class":84},[52,25702,7914],{"class":608},[52,25704,9429],{"class":84},[52,25706,25707,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25708,25709],{"class":58},"key_list ",[52,25711,63],{"class":62},[52,25713,22686],{"class":1929},[52,25715,85],{"class":84},[52,25717,9325],{"class":88},[52,25719,92],{"class":84},[52,25721,17049],{"class":88},[52,25723,7317],{"class":84},[52,25725,25726],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25727,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,25729,25730,25732,25734,25737],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,25731,81],{"class":80},[52,25733,85],{"class":84},[52,25735,25736],{"class":88},"key_list",[52,25738,329],{"class":84},[412,25740,25742,25743,25745],{"id":25741},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25744,17191],{}," on a list or string",[20,25747,25748,25750],{},[15,25749,17191],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25752,2955],{},[43,25754,25756],{"className":45,"code":25755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25757,25758,25778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25759,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25761,3739],{"class":58},[52,25763,63],{"class":62},[52,25765,3744],{"class":84},[52,25767,3106],{"class":608},[52,25769,318],{"class":84},[52,25771,3111],{"class":608},[52,25773,318],{"class":84},[52,25775,609],{"class":608},[52,25777,3757],{"class":84},[52,25779,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25781,81],{"class":80},[52,25783,85],{"class":84},[52,25785,3771],{"class":88},[52,25787,92],{"class":84},[52,25789,17049],{"class":88},[52,25791,7317],{"class":84},[20,25793,25794,25795,25798,25799,25801,25802,92],{},"You may get an ",[15,25796,25797],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25800,17191],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[289,25803,25805,25806,25809],{"href":25804},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25807,25808],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[412,25811,25813],{"id":25812},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25815,25816],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[43,25818,25820],{"className":45,"code":25819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25821,25822,25846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25823,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25825,9286],{"class":58},[52,25827,63],{"class":62},[52,25829,10612],{"class":84},[52,25831,100],{"class":66},[52,25833,459],{"class":70},[52,25835,100],{"class":66},[52,25837,174],{"class":84},[52,25839,67],{"class":66},[52,25841,13003],{"class":70},[52,25843,100],{"class":66},[52,25845,9429],{"class":84},[52,25847,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25849,81],{"class":80},[52,25851,85],{"class":84},[52,25853,9325],{"class":88},[52,25855,92],{"class":84},[52,25857,17049],{"class":1803},[52,25859,329],{"class":84},[20,25861,25862],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25864,18820],{},[43,25866,25868],{"className":45,"code":25867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25869,25870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25871,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25873,81],{"class":80},[52,25875,85],{"class":84},[52,25877,9325],{"class":88},[52,25879,92],{"class":84},[52,25881,17049],{"class":88},[52,25883,7317],{"class":84},[38,25885,1445],{"id":1444},[20,25887,25888,25889,174],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25890,17191],{},[176,25892,25893,25898,25904,25910],{},[179,25894,1828,25895,25897],{},[15,25896,17191],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[179,25899,25900,25901,25903],{},"Thinking ",[15,25902,17191],{}," returns values too",[179,25905,25906,25907,25909],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25908,17140],{}," like a normal list",[179,25911,25912,25913,25915],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25914,17140],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25917,25918],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[43,25920,25922],{"className":45,"code":25921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25923,25924,25956,25970,25974,25984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25925,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25927,9286],{"class":58},[52,25929,63],{"class":62},[52,25931,10612],{"class":84},[52,25933,100],{"class":66},[52,25935,289],{"class":70},[52,25937,100],{"class":66},[52,25939,174],{"class":84},[52,25941,5621],{"class":608},[52,25943,318],{"class":84},[52,25945,67],{"class":66},[52,25947,4883],{"class":70},[52,25949,100],{"class":66},[52,25951,174],{"class":84},[52,25953,3111],{"class":608},[52,25955,9429],{"class":84},[52,25957,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,25959,17368],{"class":58},[52,25961,63],{"class":62},[52,25963,14691],{"class":58},[52,25965,92],{"class":84},[52,25967,17049],{"class":88},[52,25969,8763],{"class":84},[52,25971,25972],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,25973,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,25975,25976,25978,25980,25982],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,25977,81],{"class":80},[52,25979,85],{"class":84},[52,25981,17049],{"class":88},[52,25983,329],{"class":84},[52,25985,25986],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,25987,25988],{"class":1479},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25990,25991],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[43,25993,25995],{"className":45,"code":25994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25996,25997,26029,26047,26051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25998,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26000,9286],{"class":58},[52,26002,63],{"class":62},[52,26004,10612],{"class":84},[52,26006,100],{"class":66},[52,26008,289],{"class":70},[52,26010,100],{"class":66},[52,26012,174],{"class":84},[52,26014,5621],{"class":608},[52,26016,318],{"class":84},[52,26018,67],{"class":66},[52,26020,4883],{"class":70},[52,26022,100],{"class":66},[52,26024,174],{"class":84},[52,26026,3111],{"class":608},[52,26028,9429],{"class":84},[52,26030,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26032,17368],{"class":58},[52,26034,63],{"class":62},[52,26036,22686],{"class":1929},[52,26038,85],{"class":84},[52,26040,9325],{"class":88},[52,26042,92],{"class":84},[52,26044,17049],{"class":88},[52,26046,7317],{"class":84},[52,26048,26049],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,26050,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26052,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,26054,81],{"class":80},[52,26056,85],{"class":84},[52,26058,17049],{"class":88},[52,26060,4021],{"class":84},[52,26062,2235],{"class":608},[52,26064,4009],{"class":84},[38,26066,26068],{"id":26067},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26070,11235],{},[43,26072,26074],{"className":45,"code":26073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26075,26076,26090,26100,26114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26077,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26079,81],{"class":80},[52,26081,85],{"class":84},[52,26083,1930],{"class":1929},[52,26085,85],{"class":84},[52,26087,11571],{"class":88},[52,26089,108],{"class":84},[52,26091,26092,26094,26096,26098],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26093,81],{"class":80},[52,26095,85],{"class":84},[52,26097,11571],{"class":88},[52,26099,329],{"class":84},[52,26101,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,26103,81],{"class":80},[52,26105,85],{"class":84},[52,26107,11571],{"class":88},[52,26109,92],{"class":84},[52,26111,17049],{"class":88},[52,26113,7317],{"class":84},[52,26115,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,26117,81],{"class":80},[52,26119,85],{"class":84},[52,26121,8217],{"class":1929},[52,26123,85],{"class":84},[52,26125,11571],{"class":88},[52,26127,92],{"class":84},[52,26129,17049],{"class":88},[52,26131,6413],{"class":84},[20,26133,26134],{},"These help you confirm:",[176,26136,26137,26140,26143,26148],{},[179,26138,26139],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[179,26141,26142],{},"what data it contains",[179,26144,26145,26146,11828],{},"what ",[15,26147,17191],{},[179,26149,26150],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[38,26152,1940],{"id":1939},[412,26154,24045,26156,5269],{"id":26155},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26157,17191],{},[20,26159,17546,26160,26162],{},[15,26161,17140],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[412,26164,1971,26166,26169],{"id":26165},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26167,26168],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26171,26172,26173,26175,26176,92],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26174,17140],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26177,26178],{},"list(dict.keys())",[412,26180,26182,26183,1993],{"id":26181},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26184,26168],{},[20,26186,26187,26188,26190],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26189,6081],{}," loop.",[412,26192,26194,26195,26197],{"id":26193},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26196,17191],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26199,26200,26201,26203],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26202,17191],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[412,26205,26207],{"id":26206},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26209,154,26210,92],{},[15,26211,26212],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[38,26214,2005],{"id":2004},[176,26216,26217,26222,26228,26234,26240,26244],{},[179,26218,26219],{},[289,26220,26221],{"href":9511},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[179,26223,26224],{},[289,26225,10859,26226,1441],{"href":17194},[15,26227,17197],{},[179,26229,26230],{},[289,26231,10859,26232,1441],{"href":17201},[15,26233,17204],{},[179,26235,26236],{},[289,26237,26239],{"href":26238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[179,26241,26242],{},[289,26243,17280],{"href":17279},[179,26245,26246],{},[289,26247,26248,26249,25809],{"href":25804},"How to fix ",[15,26250,25808],{},[2035,26252,26253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":26255},[26256,26257,26259,26260,26261,26262,26263,26265,26274,26275,26276,26287],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":24376,"depth":77,"text":26258},"What keys() does",{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":5553,"depth":77,"text":5554},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":25065,"depth":77,"text":25066},{"id":25221,"depth":77,"text":26264},"When to use keys()",{"id":25483,"depth":77,"text":25484,"children":26266},[26267,26269,26271,26273],{"id":25492,"depth":111,"text":26268},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25598,"depth":111,"text":26270},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25741,"depth":111,"text":26272},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25812,"depth":111,"text":25813},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":26067,"depth":77,"text":26068},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":26277},[26278,26280,26282,26284,26286],{"id":26155,"depth":111,"text":26279},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26165,"depth":111,"text":26281},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26181,"depth":111,"text":26283},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26193,"depth":111,"text":26285},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26206,"depth":111,"text":26207},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24198,"description":26288},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26294,"title":26295,"body":26296,"description":28568,"extension":2078,"meta":28569,"navigation":221,"path":28570,"seo":28571,"stem":28572,"__hash__":28573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26297,"toc":28521},[26298,26303,26308,26311,26313,26459,26472,26477,26481,26495,26497,26600,26609,26611,26614,26652,26677,26679,26786,26788,26795,26798,26806,26808,26949,26957,26962,26966,26977,26979,27141,27144,27152,27159,27165,27262,27268,27345,27348,27360,27365,27371,27374,27378,27467,27470,27474,27577,27584,27671,27680,27682,27687,27693,27696,27742,27745,27811,27820,27826,27919,27925,27931,27974,27977,28042,28048,28140,28143,28147,28153,28178,28181,28277,28284,28286,28291,28382,28384,28412,28417,28419,28426,28429,28433,28443,28448,28451,28458,28468,28475,28483,28485,28518],[10,26299,11441,26301,18],{"id":26300},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26302,12885],{},[20,26304,26305,26307],{},[15,26306,12692],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26309,26310],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[38,26312,3729],{"id":3728},[43,26314,26316],{"className":45,"code":26315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26317,26318,26354,26378,26392,26405,26409,26414,26446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26319,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26321,13328],{"class":58},[52,26323,63],{"class":62},[52,26325,10612],{"class":84},[52,26327,100],{"class":66},[52,26329,459],{"class":70},[52,26331,100],{"class":66},[52,26333,174],{"class":84},[52,26335,67],{"class":66},[52,26337,13003],{"class":70},[52,26339,100],{"class":66},[52,26341,318],{"class":84},[52,26343,67],{"class":66},[52,26345,9419],{"class":70},[52,26347,100],{"class":66},[52,26349,174],{"class":84},[52,26351,9426],{"class":608},[52,26353,9429],{"class":84},[52,26355,26356,26359,26361,26363,26365,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26357,26358],{"class":58},"removed_age ",[52,26360,63],{"class":62},[52,26362,13371],{"class":58},[52,26364,92],{"class":84},[52,26366,26367],{"class":88},"pop",[52,26369,85],{"class":84},[52,26371,100],{"class":66},[52,26373,9419],{"class":70},[52,26375,100],{"class":66},[52,26377,329],{"class":84},[52,26379,26380,26382,26384,26387,26389],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,26381,81],{"class":80},[52,26383,85],{"class":84},[52,26385,26386],{"class":88},"removed_age",[52,26388,3784],{"class":84},[52,26390,26391],{"class":1479},"   # 25\n",[52,26393,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,26395,81],{"class":80},[52,26397,85],{"class":84},[52,26399,17433],{"class":88},[52,26401,3784],{"class":84},[52,26403,26404],{"class":1479},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26406,26407],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,26408,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26410,26411],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,26412,26413],{"class":1479},"# Safe version with default value\n",[52,26415,26416,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26442,26444],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,26417,26418],{"class":58},"country ",[52,26420,63],{"class":62},[52,26422,13371],{"class":58},[52,26424,92],{"class":84},[52,26426,26367],{"class":88},[52,26428,85],{"class":84},[52,26430,100],{"class":66},[52,26432,15386],{"class":70},[52,26434,100],{"class":66},[52,26436,318],{"class":84},[52,26438,67],{"class":66},[52,26440,26441],{"class":70},"Not found",[52,26443,100],{"class":66},[52,26445,329],{"class":84},[52,26447,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,26449,81],{"class":80},[52,26451,85],{"class":84},[52,26453,15386],{"class":88},[52,26455,3784],{"class":84},[52,26457,26458],{"class":1479},"       # Not found\n",[20,26460,154,26461,26464,26465,26468,26469,26471],{},[15,26462,26463],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26466,26467],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26470,19813],{}," when the key might not exist.",[38,26473,166,26475,169],{"id":26474},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26476,12692],{},[20,26478,26479,174],{},[15,26480,12692],{},[176,26482,26483,26486,26489,26492],{},[179,26484,26485],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[179,26487,26488],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[179,26490,26491],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[179,26493,26494],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26496,197],{},[43,26498,26500],{"className":45,"code":26499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26501,26502,26542,26546,26569,26573,26587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26503,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26505,11610],{"class":58},[52,26507,63],{"class":62},[52,26509,10612],{"class":84},[52,26511,100],{"class":66},[52,26513,459],{"class":70},[52,26515,100],{"class":66},[52,26517,174],{"class":84},[52,26519,67],{"class":66},[52,26521,13345],{"class":70},[52,26523,100],{"class":66},[52,26525,318],{"class":84},[52,26527,67],{"class":66},[52,26529,10530],{"class":70},[52,26531,100],{"class":66},[52,26533,174],{"class":84},[52,26535,67],{"class":66},[52,26537,10537],{"class":70},[52,26539,100],{"class":66},[52,26541,9429],{"class":84},[52,26543,26544],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26545,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26547,26548,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,26549,26550],{"class":58},"removed_city ",[52,26552,63],{"class":62},[52,26554,11693],{"class":58},[52,26556,92],{"class":84},[52,26558,26367],{"class":88},[52,26560,85],{"class":84},[52,26562,100],{"class":66},[52,26564,10530],{"class":70},[52,26566,100],{"class":66},[52,26568,329],{"class":84},[52,26570,26571],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,26572,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26574,26575,26577,26579,26582,26584],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,26576,81],{"class":80},[52,26578,85],{"class":84},[52,26580,26581],{"class":88},"removed_city",[52,26583,3784],{"class":84},[52,26585,26586],{"class":1479},"  # Paris\n",[52,26588,26589,26591,26593,26595,26597],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,26590,81],{"class":80},[52,26592,85],{"class":84},[52,26594,11704],{"class":88},[52,26596,3784],{"class":84},[52,26598,26599],{"class":1479},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26601,20897,26602,26605,26606,92],{},[15,26603,26604],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26607,26608],{},"\"Paris\"",[38,26610,296],{"id":295},[20,26612,26613],{},"There are two common forms:",[43,26615,26617],{"className":45,"code":26616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26618,26619,26633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26620,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26622,11571],{"class":58},[52,26624,92],{"class":84},[52,26626,26367],{"class":88},[52,26628,85],{"class":84},[52,26630,14966],{"class":88},[52,26632,329],{"class":84},[52,26634,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26650],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26636,11571],{"class":58},[52,26638,92],{"class":84},[52,26640,26367],{"class":88},[52,26642,85],{"class":84},[52,26644,14966],{"class":88},[52,26646,318],{"class":84},[52,26648,26649],{"class":88}," default",[52,26651,329],{"class":84},[176,26653,26654,26660,26668,26674],{},[179,26655,26656,26659],{},[15,26657,26658],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[179,26661,26662,26664,26665,26667],{},[15,26663,26658],{}," raises ",[15,26666,19813],{}," if the key is missing",[179,26669,26670,26673],{},[15,26671,26672],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[179,26675,26676],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26678,197],{},[43,26680,26682],{"className":45,"code":26681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26683,26684,26716,26720,26745,26773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26685,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26687,5187],{"class":58},[52,26689,63],{"class":62},[52,26691,10612],{"class":84},[52,26693,100],{"class":66},[52,26695,18542],{"class":70},[52,26697,100],{"class":66},[52,26699,174],{"class":84},[52,26701,20024],{"class":608},[52,26703,318],{"class":84},[52,26705,67],{"class":66},[52,26707,18551],{"class":70},[52,26709,100],{"class":66},[52,26711,174],{"class":84},[52,26713,13631],{"class":608},[52,26715,9429],{"class":84},[52,26717,26718],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26719,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26721,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,26723,81],{"class":80},[52,26725,85],{"class":84},[52,26727,16514],{"class":88},[52,26729,92],{"class":84},[52,26731,26367],{"class":88},[52,26733,85],{"class":84},[52,26735,100],{"class":66},[52,26737,18542],{"class":70},[52,26739,100],{"class":66},[52,26741,5485],{"class":84},[52,26743,26744],{"class":1479},"         # 90\n",[52,26746,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,26748,81],{"class":80},[52,26750,85],{"class":84},[52,26752,16514],{"class":88},[52,26754,92],{"class":84},[52,26756,26367],{"class":88},[52,26758,85],{"class":84},[52,26760,100],{"class":66},[52,26762,18560],{"class":70},[52,26764,100],{"class":66},[52,26766,318],{"class":84},[52,26768,683],{"class":608},[52,26770,5485],{"class":84},[52,26772,20894],{"class":1479},[52,26774,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,26776,81],{"class":80},[52,26778,85],{"class":84},[52,26780,16514],{"class":88},[52,26782,3784],{"class":84},[52,26784,26785],{"class":1479},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[38,26787,710],{"id":709},[20,26789,26790,14178,26792,26794],{},[15,26791,12885],{},[3865,26793,4752],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26796,26797],{},"Instead, it returns:",[176,26799,26800,26803],{},[179,26801,26802],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[179,26804,26805],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26807,197],{},[43,26809,26811],{"className":45,"code":26810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26812,26813,26845,26849,26872,26904,26908,26922,26936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26814,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26816,9286],{"class":58},[52,26818,63],{"class":62},[52,26820,10612],{"class":84},[52,26822,100],{"class":66},[52,26824,289],{"class":70},[52,26826,100],{"class":66},[52,26828,174],{"class":84},[52,26830,688],{"class":608},[52,26832,318],{"class":84},[52,26834,67],{"class":66},[52,26836,4883],{"class":70},[52,26838,100],{"class":66},[52,26840,174],{"class":84},[52,26842,7914],{"class":608},[52,26844,9429],{"class":84},[52,26846,26847],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,26848,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26850,26851,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,26852,26853],{"class":58},"result1 ",[52,26855,63],{"class":62},[52,26857,14691],{"class":58},[52,26859,92],{"class":84},[52,26861,26367],{"class":88},[52,26863,85],{"class":84},[52,26865,100],{"class":66},[52,26867,289],{"class":70},[52,26869,100],{"class":66},[52,26871,329],{"class":84},[52,26873,26874,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897,26900,26902],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,26875,26876],{"class":58},"result2 ",[52,26878,63],{"class":62},[52,26880,14691],{"class":58},[52,26882,92],{"class":84},[52,26884,26367],{"class":88},[52,26886,85],{"class":84},[52,26888,100],{"class":66},[52,26890,9860],{"class":70},[52,26892,100],{"class":66},[52,26894,318],{"class":84},[52,26896,67],{"class":66},[52,26898,26899],{"class":70},"missing",[52,26901,100],{"class":66},[52,26903,329],{"class":84},[52,26905,26906],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,26907,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,26909,26910,26912,26914,26917,26919],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,26911,81],{"class":80},[52,26913,85],{"class":84},[52,26915,26916],{"class":88},"result1",[52,26918,3784],{"class":84},[52,26920,26921],{"class":1479},"  # 10\n",[52,26923,26924,26926,26928,26931,26933],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,26925,81],{"class":80},[52,26927,85],{"class":84},[52,26929,26930],{"class":88},"result2",[52,26932,3784],{"class":84},[52,26934,26935],{"class":1479},"  # missing\n",[52,26937,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,26939,81],{"class":80},[52,26941,85],{"class":84},[52,26943,9325],{"class":88},[52,26945,3784],{"class":84},[52,26947,26948],{"class":1479},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26950,26951,26952,6755],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[289,26953,26954],{"href":10858},[15,26955,26956],{},"dict.get()",[38,26958,5084,26960],{"id":26959},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26961,12885],{},[20,26963,154,26964,10723],{},[15,26965,12885],{},[176,26967,26968,26971,26974],{},[179,26969,26970],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[179,26972,26973],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[179,26975,26976],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26978,197],{},[43,26980,26982],{"className":45,"code":26981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26983,26984,27036,27040,27067,27071,27095,27099,27113,27127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26985,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27020,27022,27024,27027,27029,27031,27034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26987,25250],{"class":58},[52,26989,63],{"class":62},[52,26991,10612],{"class":84},[52,26993,100],{"class":66},[52,26995,459],{"class":70},[52,26997,100],{"class":66},[52,26999,174],{"class":84},[52,27001,67],{"class":66},[52,27003,27004],{"class":70},"Laptop",[52,27006,100],{"class":66},[52,27008,318],{"class":84},[52,27010,67],{"class":66},[52,27012,25276],{"class":70},[52,27014,100],{"class":66},[52,27016,174],{"class":84},[52,27018,27019],{"class":608}," 1200",[52,27021,318],{"class":84},[52,27023,67],{"class":66},[52,27025,27026],{"class":70},"discount",[52,27028,100],{"class":66},[52,27030,174],{"class":84},[52,27032,27033],{"class":608}," 200",[52,27035,9429],{"class":84},[52,27037,27038],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27039,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27041,27042,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27043,27044],{"class":58},"discount_amount ",[52,27046,63],{"class":62},[52,27048,25328],{"class":58},[52,27050,92],{"class":84},[52,27052,26367],{"class":88},[52,27054,85],{"class":84},[52,27056,100],{"class":66},[52,27058,27026],{"class":70},[52,27060,100],{"class":66},[52,27062,318],{"class":84},[52,27064,683],{"class":608},[52,27066,329],{"class":84},[52,27068,27069],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27070,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27072,27073,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27074,27075],{"class":58},"final_price ",[52,27077,63],{"class":62},[52,27079,25328],{"class":58},[52,27081,4021],{"class":84},[52,27083,100],{"class":66},[52,27085,25276],{"class":70},[52,27087,100],{"class":66},[52,27089,13397],{"class":84},[52,27091,2338],{"class":62},[52,27093,27094],{"class":58}," discount_amount\n",[52,27096,27097],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,27098,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27100,27101,27103,27105,27108,27110],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,27102,81],{"class":80},[52,27104,85],{"class":84},[52,27106,27107],{"class":88},"discount_amount",[52,27109,3784],{"class":84},[52,27111,27112],{"class":1479},"  # 200\n",[52,27114,27115,27117,27119,27122,27124],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,27116,81],{"class":80},[52,27118,85],{"class":84},[52,27120,27121],{"class":88},"final_price",[52,27123,3784],{"class":84},[52,27125,27126],{"class":1479},"      # 1000\n",[52,27128,27129,27131,27133,27136,27138],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,27130,81],{"class":80},[52,27132,85],{"class":84},[52,27134,27135],{"class":88},"product",[52,27137,3784],{"class":84},[52,27139,27140],{"class":1479},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27142,27143],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[38,27145,27147,10707,27149],{"id":27146},"pop-vs-del",[15,27148,12885],{},[15,27150,27151],{},"del",[20,27153,10712,27154,342,27156,27158],{},[15,27155,12885],{},[15,27157,27151],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[412,27160,154,27162,27164],{"id":27161},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27163,12885],{}," when you need the removed value",[43,27166,27168],{"className":45,"code":27167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27169,27170,27206,27210,27232,27236,27249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27171,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27173,13328],{"class":58},[52,27175,63],{"class":62},[52,27177,10612],{"class":84},[52,27179,100],{"class":66},[52,27181,459],{"class":70},[52,27183,100],{"class":66},[52,27185,174],{"class":84},[52,27187,67],{"class":66},[52,27189,13003],{"class":70},[52,27191,100],{"class":66},[52,27193,318],{"class":84},[52,27195,67],{"class":66},[52,27197,9419],{"class":70},[52,27199,100],{"class":66},[52,27201,174],{"class":84},[52,27203,9426],{"class":608},[52,27205,9429],{"class":84},[52,27207,27208],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27209,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27211,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27213,21754],{"class":58},[52,27215,63],{"class":62},[52,27217,13371],{"class":58},[52,27219,92],{"class":84},[52,27221,26367],{"class":88},[52,27223,85],{"class":84},[52,27225,100],{"class":66},[52,27227,9419],{"class":70},[52,27229,100],{"class":66},[52,27231,329],{"class":84},[52,27233,27234],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27235,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27237,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27239,81],{"class":80},[52,27241,85],{"class":84},[52,27243,9419],{"class":88},[52,27245,3784],{"class":84},[52,27247,27248],{"class":1479},"     # 25\n",[52,27250,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,27252,81],{"class":80},[52,27254,85],{"class":84},[52,27256,17433],{"class":88},[52,27258,3784],{"class":84},[52,27260,27261],{"class":1479},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[412,27263,154,27265,27267],{"id":27264},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27266,27151],{}," when you only want deletion",[43,27269,27271],{"className":45,"code":27270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27272,27273,27309,27313,27329,27333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27274,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27276,13328],{"class":58},[52,27278,63],{"class":62},[52,27280,10612],{"class":84},[52,27282,100],{"class":66},[52,27284,459],{"class":70},[52,27286,100],{"class":66},[52,27288,174],{"class":84},[52,27290,67],{"class":66},[52,27292,13003],{"class":70},[52,27294,100],{"class":66},[52,27296,318],{"class":84},[52,27298,67],{"class":66},[52,27300,9419],{"class":70},[52,27302,100],{"class":66},[52,27304,174],{"class":84},[52,27306,9426],{"class":608},[52,27308,9429],{"class":84},[52,27310,27311],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27312,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27314,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27316,27151],{"class":761},[52,27318,13371],{"class":58},[52,27320,4021],{"class":84},[52,27322,100],{"class":66},[52,27324,9419],{"class":70},[52,27326,100],{"class":66},[52,27328,3757],{"class":84},[52,27330,27331],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27332,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27334,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27336,81],{"class":80},[52,27338,85],{"class":84},[52,27340,17433],{"class":88},[52,27342,3784],{"class":84},[52,27344,27261],{"class":1479},[20,27346,27347],{},"Difference:",[176,27349,27350,27355],{},[179,27351,27352,27354],{},[15,27353,12885],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[179,27356,27357,27359],{},[15,27358,27151],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27361,27362,27363,92],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[289,27364,12697],{"href":12696},[38,27366,27368,27369],{"id":27367},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27370,19813],{},[20,27372,27373],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[412,27375,27377],{"id":27376},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[43,27379,27381],{"className":45,"code":27380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27382,27383,27408,27412,27438,27442,27454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27384,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27404,27406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27386,11847],{"class":58},[52,27388,63],{"class":62},[52,27390,10612],{"class":84},[52,27392,100],{"class":66},[52,27394,459],{"class":70},[52,27396,100],{"class":66},[52,27398,174],{"class":84},[52,27400,67],{"class":66},[52,27402,27403],{"class":70},"Sara",[52,27405,100],{"class":66},[52,27407,9429],{"class":84},[52,27409,27410],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27411,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27413,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27415,2565],{"class":58},[52,27417,63],{"class":62},[52,27419,11889],{"class":58},[52,27421,92],{"class":84},[52,27423,26367],{"class":88},[52,27425,85],{"class":84},[52,27427,100],{"class":66},[52,27429,9419],{"class":70},[52,27431,100],{"class":66},[52,27433,318],{"class":84},[52,27435,3974],{"class":145},[52,27437,329],{"class":84},[52,27439,27440],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27441,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27443,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27445,81],{"class":80},[52,27447,85],{"class":84},[52,27449,2591],{"class":88},[52,27451,3784],{"class":84},[52,27453,20687],{"class":1479},[52,27455,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,27457,81],{"class":80},[52,27459,85],{"class":84},[52,27461,11571],{"class":88},[52,27463,3784],{"class":84},[52,27465,27466],{"class":1479}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27468,27469],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[412,27471,27473],{"id":27472},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[43,27475,27477],{"className":45,"code":27476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27478,27479,27503,27507,27523,27546,27556,27562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27480,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27482,11847],{"class":58},[52,27484,63],{"class":62},[52,27486,10612],{"class":84},[52,27488,100],{"class":66},[52,27490,459],{"class":70},[52,27492,100],{"class":66},[52,27494,174],{"class":84},[52,27496,67],{"class":66},[52,27498,27403],{"class":70},[52,27500,100],{"class":66},[52,27502,9429],{"class":84},[52,27504,27505],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27506,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27508,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27510,733],{"class":761},[52,27512,67],{"class":66},[52,27514,9419],{"class":70},[52,27516,100],{"class":66},[52,27518,1702],{"class":62},[52,27520,11889],{"class":58},[52,27522,804],{"class":84},[52,27524,27525,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27526,27527],{"class":58},"    value ",[52,27529,63],{"class":62},[52,27531,11889],{"class":58},[52,27533,92],{"class":84},[52,27535,26367],{"class":88},[52,27537,85],{"class":84},[52,27539,100],{"class":66},[52,27541,9419],{"class":70},[52,27543,100],{"class":66},[52,27545,329],{"class":84},[52,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27549,784],{"class":80},[52,27551,85],{"class":84},[52,27553,2591],{"class":88},[52,27555,329],{"class":84},[52,27557,27558,27560],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,27559,801],{"class":761},[52,27561,804],{"class":84},[52,27563,27564,27566,27568,27570,27573,27575],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,27565,784],{"class":80},[52,27567,85],{"class":84},[52,27569,100],{"class":66},[52,27571,27572],{"class":70},"Key not found",[52,27574,100],{"class":66},[52,27576,329],{"class":84},[412,27578,27580,27581,27583],{"id":27579},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27582,10862],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[43,27585,27587],{"className":45,"code":27586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27588,27589,27613,27617,27643,27647,27659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27590,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27592,11847],{"class":58},[52,27594,63],{"class":62},[52,27596,10612],{"class":84},[52,27598,100],{"class":66},[52,27600,459],{"class":70},[52,27602,100],{"class":66},[52,27604,174],{"class":84},[52,27606,67],{"class":66},[52,27608,27403],{"class":70},[52,27610,100],{"class":66},[52,27612,9429],{"class":84},[52,27614,27615],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27616,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27618,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27620,2565],{"class":58},[52,27622,63],{"class":62},[52,27624,11889],{"class":58},[52,27626,92],{"class":84},[52,27628,19876],{"class":88},[52,27630,85],{"class":84},[52,27632,100],{"class":66},[52,27634,9419],{"class":70},[52,27636,100],{"class":66},[52,27638,318],{"class":84},[52,27640,3974],{"class":145},[52,27642,329],{"class":84},[52,27644,27645],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27646,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27648,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27650,81],{"class":80},[52,27652,85],{"class":84},[52,27654,2591],{"class":88},[52,27656,3784],{"class":84},[52,27658,20687],{"class":1479},[52,27660,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,27662,81],{"class":80},[52,27664,85],{"class":84},[52,27666,11571],{"class":88},[52,27668,3784],{"class":84},[52,27670,27466],{"class":1479},[20,27672,154,27673,27677,27678,92],{},[289,27674,27675],{"href":10858},[15,27676,26956],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[289,27679,11385],{"href":11196},[38,27681,4640],{"id":4639},[20,27683,27684,27685,92],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27686,12692],{},[412,27688,25900,27690,27692],{"id":27689},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27691,12885],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27694,27695],{},"Lists use indexes:",[43,27697,27699],{"className":45,"code":27698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27700,27701,27721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27702,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27704,3739],{"class":58},[52,27706,63],{"class":62},[52,27708,3744],{"class":84},[52,27710,2448],{"class":608},[52,27712,318],{"class":84},[52,27714,7914],{"class":608},[52,27716,318],{"class":84},[52,27718,7919],{"class":608},[52,27720,3757],{"class":84},[52,27722,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27724,81],{"class":80},[52,27726,85],{"class":84},[52,27728,3771],{"class":88},[52,27730,92],{"class":84},[52,27732,26367],{"class":88},[52,27734,85],{"class":84},[52,27736,3106],{"class":608},[52,27738,5485],{"class":84},[52,27740,27741],{"class":1479},"  # 20\n",[20,27743,27744],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[43,27746,27748],{"className":45,"code":27747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27749,27750,27786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27751,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27753,13328],{"class":58},[52,27755,63],{"class":62},[52,27757,10612],{"class":84},[52,27759,100],{"class":66},[52,27761,459],{"class":70},[52,27763,100],{"class":66},[52,27765,174],{"class":84},[52,27767,67],{"class":66},[52,27769,13003],{"class":70},[52,27771,100],{"class":66},[52,27773,318],{"class":84},[52,27775,67],{"class":66},[52,27777,9419],{"class":70},[52,27779,100],{"class":66},[52,27781,174],{"class":84},[52,27783,9426],{"class":608},[52,27785,9429],{"class":84},[52,27787,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27789,81],{"class":80},[52,27791,85],{"class":84},[52,27793,17433],{"class":88},[52,27795,92],{"class":84},[52,27797,26367],{"class":88},[52,27799,85],{"class":84},[52,27801,100],{"class":66},[52,27803,9419],{"class":70},[52,27805,100],{"class":66},[52,27807,5485],{"class":84},[52,27809,27810],{"class":1479},"  # 25\n",[20,27812,27813,27814,27816,27817,27819],{},"A dictionary does ",[3865,27815,4752],{}," use positions with ",[15,27818,12885],{},". It uses keys.",[412,27821,4826,27823,27825],{"id":27822},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27824,12885],{}," changes the original dictionary",[43,27827,27829],{"className":45,"code":27828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27830,27831,27863,27867,27889,27893,27906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27832,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27834,9286],{"class":58},[52,27836,63],{"class":62},[52,27838,10612],{"class":84},[52,27840,100],{"class":66},[52,27842,2289],{"class":70},[52,27844,100],{"class":66},[52,27846,174],{"class":84},[52,27848,5621],{"class":608},[52,27850,318],{"class":84},[52,27852,67],{"class":66},[52,27854,11868],{"class":70},[52,27856,100],{"class":66},[52,27858,174],{"class":84},[52,27860,3111],{"class":608},[52,27862,9429],{"class":84},[52,27864,27865],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27866,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27868,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27870,2565],{"class":58},[52,27872,63],{"class":62},[52,27874,14691],{"class":58},[52,27876,92],{"class":84},[52,27878,26367],{"class":88},[52,27880,85],{"class":84},[52,27882,100],{"class":66},[52,27884,2289],{"class":70},[52,27886,100],{"class":66},[52,27888,329],{"class":84},[52,27890,27891],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27892,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27894,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,27896,81],{"class":80},[52,27898,85],{"class":84},[52,27900,2591],{"class":88},[52,27902,3784],{"class":84},[52,27904,27905],{"class":1479},"  # 1\n",[52,27907,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,27909,81],{"class":80},[52,27911,85],{"class":84},[52,27913,9325],{"class":88},[52,27915,3784],{"class":84},[52,27917,27918],{"class":1479},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27920,27921,27922,27924],{},"After ",[15,27923,12885],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[412,27926,1828,27928,27930],{"id":27927},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27929,12885],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[43,27932,27934],{"className":45,"code":27933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27935,27936,27960,27964,27969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27937,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27939,9286],{"class":58},[52,27941,63],{"class":62},[52,27943,10612],{"class":84},[52,27945,100],{"class":66},[52,27947,459],{"class":70},[52,27949,100],{"class":66},[52,27951,174],{"class":84},[52,27953,67],{"class":66},[52,27955,8045],{"class":70},[52,27957,100],{"class":66},[52,27959,9429],{"class":84},[52,27961,27962],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,27963,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,27965,27966],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,27967,27968],{"class":1479},"# This causes an error\n",[52,27970,27971],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,27972,27973],{"class":1479},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27975,27976],{},"Safer version:",[43,27978,27980],{"className":45,"code":27979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27981,27982,28006,28010],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27983,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27985,9286],{"class":58},[52,27987,63],{"class":62},[52,27989,10612],{"class":84},[52,27991,100],{"class":66},[52,27993,459],{"class":70},[52,27995,100],{"class":66},[52,27997,174],{"class":84},[52,27999,67],{"class":66},[52,28001,8045],{"class":70},[52,28003,100],{"class":66},[52,28005,9429],{"class":84},[52,28007,28008],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28009,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,28011,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,28013,81],{"class":80},[52,28015,85],{"class":84},[52,28017,9325],{"class":88},[52,28019,92],{"class":84},[52,28021,26367],{"class":88},[52,28023,85],{"class":84},[52,28025,100],{"class":66},[52,28027,9419],{"class":70},[52,28029,100],{"class":66},[52,28031,318],{"class":84},[52,28033,67],{"class":66},[52,28035,26899],{"class":70},[52,28037,100],{"class":66},[52,28039,5485],{"class":84},[52,28041,26935],{"class":1479},[412,28043,1725,28045,28047],{"id":28044},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28046,12885],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[43,28049,28051],{"className":45,"code":28050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28052,28053,28085,28089,28111,28115,28127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28054,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28056,9286],{"class":58},[52,28058,63],{"class":62},[52,28060,10612],{"class":84},[52,28062,100],{"class":66},[52,28064,289],{"class":70},[52,28066,100],{"class":66},[52,28068,174],{"class":84},[52,28070,5621],{"class":608},[52,28072,318],{"class":84},[52,28074,67],{"class":66},[52,28076,4883],{"class":70},[52,28078,100],{"class":66},[52,28080,174],{"class":84},[52,28082,3111],{"class":608},[52,28084,9429],{"class":84},[52,28086,28087],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28088,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,28090,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,28092,2346],{"class":58},[52,28094,63],{"class":62},[52,28096,14691],{"class":58},[52,28098,92],{"class":84},[52,28100,26367],{"class":88},[52,28102,85],{"class":84},[52,28104,100],{"class":66},[52,28106,289],{"class":70},[52,28108,100],{"class":66},[52,28110,329],{"class":84},[52,28112,28113],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,28114,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,28116,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,28118,81],{"class":80},[52,28120,85],{"class":84},[52,28122,2381],{"class":88},[52,28124,3784],{"class":84},[52,28126,27905],{"class":1479},[52,28128,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,28130,81],{"class":80},[52,28132,85],{"class":84},[52,28134,9325],{"class":88},[52,28136,3784],{"class":84},[52,28138,28139],{"class":1479},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28141,28142],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[38,28144,28146],{"id":28145},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28148,28149,28150,28152],{},"Problems with ",[15,28151,12692],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[176,28154,28155,28158,28167,28170],{},[179,28156,28157],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[179,28159,28160,28161,28164,28165],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28162,28163],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28166,26463],{},[179,28168,28169],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[179,28171,28172,28173,11214,28175],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28174,3106],{},[15,28176,28177],{},"\"1\"",[20,28179,28180],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[43,28182,28184],{"className":45,"code":28183,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28185,28186,28210,28214,28244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28187,28188,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28189,9286],{"class":58},[52,28191,63],{"class":62},[52,28193,10612],{"class":84},[52,28195,100],{"class":66},[52,28197,3106],{"class":70},[52,28199,100],{"class":66},[52,28201,174],{"class":84},[52,28203,67],{"class":66},[52,28205,6709],{"class":70},[52,28207,100],{"class":66},[52,28209,9429],{"class":84},[52,28211,28212],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28213,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,28215,28216,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28237,28239,28241],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,28217,81],{"class":80},[52,28219,85],{"class":84},[52,28221,9325],{"class":88},[52,28223,92],{"class":84},[52,28225,26367],{"class":88},[52,28227,85],{"class":84},[52,28229,3106],{"class":608},[52,28231,318],{"class":84},[52,28233,67],{"class":66},[52,28235,28236],{"class":70},"not found",[52,28238,100],{"class":66},[52,28240,5485],{"class":84},[52,28242,28243],{"class":1479},"    # not found\n",[52,28245,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,28247,81],{"class":80},[52,28249,85],{"class":84},[52,28251,9325],{"class":88},[52,28253,92],{"class":84},[52,28255,26367],{"class":88},[52,28257,85],{"class":84},[52,28259,100],{"class":66},[52,28261,3106],{"class":70},[52,28263,100],{"class":66},[52,28265,318],{"class":84},[52,28267,67],{"class":66},[52,28269,28236],{"class":70},[52,28271,100],{"class":66},[52,28273,5485],{"class":84},[52,28275,28276],{"class":1479},"  # one\n",[20,28278,28279,342,28281,28283],{},[15,28280,3106],{},[15,28282,28177],{}," are different keys.",[38,28285,8992],{"id":8991},[20,28287,8995,28288,28290],{},[15,28289,12885],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,28292,28294],{"className":45,"code":28293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28295,28296,28306,28320,28338,28368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28297,28298,28300,28302,28304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28299,81],{"class":80},[52,28301,85],{"class":84},[52,28303,11571],{"class":88},[52,28305,329],{"class":84},[52,28307,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28309,81],{"class":80},[52,28311,85],{"class":84},[52,28313,11571],{"class":88},[52,28315,92],{"class":84},[52,28317,17049],{"class":88},[52,28319,7317],{"class":84},[52,28321,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,28323,81],{"class":80},[52,28325,85],{"class":84},[52,28327,1888],{"class":66},[52,28329,459],{"class":70},[52,28331,1888],{"class":66},[52,28333,1702],{"class":761},[52,28335,11889],{"class":88},[52,28337,329],{"class":84},[52,28339,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,28341,81],{"class":80},[52,28343,85],{"class":84},[52,28345,11571],{"class":88},[52,28347,92],{"class":84},[52,28349,26367],{"class":88},[52,28351,85],{"class":84},[52,28353,1888],{"class":66},[52,28355,459],{"class":70},[52,28357,1888],{"class":66},[52,28359,318],{"class":84},[52,28361,3416],{"class":66},[52,28363,26899],{"class":70},[52,28365,1888],{"class":66},[52,28367,108],{"class":84},[52,28369,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,28371,81],{"class":80},[52,28373,85],{"class":84},[52,28375,1930],{"class":1929},[52,28377,85],{"class":84},[52,28379,11571],{"class":88},[52,28381,108],{"class":84},[20,28383,21462],{},[176,28385,28386,28391,28396,28401,28407],{},[179,28387,28388,28390],{},[15,28389,12802],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[179,28392,28393,28395],{},[15,28394,21474],{}," shows all available keys",[179,28397,28398,28400],{},[15,28399,21480],{}," checks whether a key exists",[179,28402,28403,28406],{},[15,28404,28405],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[179,28408,28409,28411],{},[15,28410,12808],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28413,28414,28415,92],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[289,28416,9512],{"href":9511},[38,28418,1940],{"id":1939},[412,28420,28422,28423,28425],{"id":28421},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28424,12885],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28427,28428],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[412,28430,28432],{"id":28431},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28434,28435,26664,28437,28439,28440,28442],{},[15,28436,26463],{},[15,28438,19813],{},". ",[15,28441,26467],{}," returns the default value instead.",[412,28444,1944,28446,15021],{"id":28445},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28447,12885],{},[20,28449,28450],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[412,28452,28454,28455,28457],{"id":28453},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28456,12885],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28459,28460,28461,28463,28464,92],{},"Not with ",[15,28462,12692],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[289,28465,28466],{"href":12703},[15,28467,12892],{},[412,28469,1987,28471,342,28473,1993],{"id":28470},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28472,10862],{},[15,28474,12885],{},[20,28476,28477,28479,28480,28482],{},[15,28478,10862],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28481,12885],{}," reads and removes it.",[38,28484,2005],{"id":2004},[176,28486,28487,28493,28500,28504,28508,28512],{},[179,28488,28489],{},[289,28490,28491],{"href":10858},[15,28492,19794],{},[179,28494,28495],{},[289,28496,28497],{"href":12703},[15,28498,28499],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[179,28501,28502],{},[289,28503,12909],{"href":12696},[179,28505,28506],{},[289,28507,21583],{"href":16722},[179,28509,28510],{},[289,28511,11385],{"href":11196},[179,28513,28514],{},[289,28515,28517],{"href":28516},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2035,28519,28520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":28522},[28523,28524,28526,28527,28528,28530,28537,28544,28554,28555,28556,28567],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":26474,"depth":77,"text":28525},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":26959,"depth":77,"text":28529},"When to use pop()",{"id":27146,"depth":77,"text":28531,"children":28532},"pop() vs del",[28533,28535],{"id":27161,"depth":111,"text":28534},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27264,"depth":111,"text":28536},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27367,"depth":77,"text":28538,"children":28539},"How to avoid KeyError",[28540,28541,28542],{"id":27376,"depth":111,"text":27377},{"id":27472,"depth":111,"text":27473},{"id":27579,"depth":111,"text":28543},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":28545},[28546,28548,28550,28552],{"id":27689,"depth":111,"text":28547},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27822,"depth":111,"text":28549},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27927,"depth":111,"text":28551},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28044,"depth":111,"text":28553},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28145,"depth":77,"text":28146},{"id":8991,"depth":77,"text":8992},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":28557},[28558,28560,28561,28563,28565],{"id":28421,"depth":111,"text":28559},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28431,"depth":111,"text":28432},{"id":28445,"depth":111,"text":28562},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28453,"depth":111,"text":28564},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28470,"depth":111,"text":28566},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26295,"description":28568},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28575,"title":28499,"body":28576,"description":30515,"extension":2078,"meta":30516,"navigation":221,"path":30517,"seo":30518,"stem":30519,"__hash__":30520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28577,"toc":30479},[28578,28583,28588,28591,28599,28609,28611,28700,28704,28753,28758,28763,28767,28783,28786,28788,28803,28805,28821,28828,28832,28838,28847,28849,28918,28922,28943,28946,28965,28968,28991,28993,28996,29111,29115,29174,29181,29185,29191,29316,29320,29370,29373,29377,29384,29386,29449,29453,29474,29477,29486,29501,29509,29516,29520,29532,29536,29547,29549,29695,29699,29758,29765,29770,29774,29780,29803,29808,29827,29831,29902,29909,29982,29991,29996,30001,30012,30015,30152,30157,30189,30194,30196,30200,30260,30262,30319,30322,30365,30367,30372,30378,30384,30387,30394,30402,30407,30410,30417,30425,30427,30476],[10,28579,11441,28581,18],{"id":28580},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28582,12892],{},[20,28584,2095,28585,28587],{},[15,28586,12892],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28589,28590],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[176,28592,28593,28596],{},[179,28594,28595],{},"remove an item",[179,28597,28598],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28600,28601,28602,28604,28605,28608],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28603,12892],{}," removes the ",[3865,28606,28607],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[38,28610,41],{"id":40},[43,28612,28614],{"className":45,"code":28613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28615,28616,28660,28676,28680,28690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28617,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28619,9286],{"class":58},[52,28621,63],{"class":62},[52,28623,10612],{"class":84},[52,28625,100],{"class":66},[52,28627,289],{"class":70},[52,28629,100],{"class":66},[52,28631,174],{"class":84},[52,28633,5621],{"class":608},[52,28635,318],{"class":84},[52,28637,67],{"class":66},[52,28639,4883],{"class":70},[52,28641,100],{"class":66},[52,28643,174],{"class":84},[52,28645,3111],{"class":608},[52,28647,318],{"class":84},[52,28649,67],{"class":66},[52,28651,9860],{"class":70},[52,28653,100],{"class":66},[52,28655,174],{"class":84},[52,28657,609],{"class":608},[52,28659,9429],{"class":84},[52,28661,28662,28665,28667,28669,28671,28674],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28663,28664],{"class":58},"item ",[52,28666,63],{"class":62},[52,28668,14691],{"class":58},[52,28670,92],{"class":84},[52,28672,28673],{"class":88},"popitem",[52,28675,8763],{"class":84},[52,28677,28678],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,28679,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,28681,28682,28684,28686,28688],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,28683,81],{"class":80},[52,28685,85],{"class":84},[52,28687,23437],{"class":88},[52,28689,329],{"class":84},[52,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,28693,81],{"class":80},[52,28695,85],{"class":84},[52,28697,9325],{"class":88},[52,28699,329],{"class":84},[20,28701,28702],{},[3865,28703,135],{},[43,28705,28707],{"className":45,"code":28706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28708,28709,28725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28710,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28712,85],{"class":84},[52,28714,1888],{"class":66},[52,28716,9860],{"class":70},[52,28718,1888],{"class":66},[52,28720,318],{"class":84},[52,28722,609],{"class":608},[52,28724,329],{"class":84},[52,28726,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28728,9398],{"class":84},[52,28730,1888],{"class":66},[52,28732,289],{"class":70},[52,28734,1888],{"class":66},[52,28736,174],{"class":84},[52,28738,5621],{"class":608},[52,28740,318],{"class":84},[52,28742,3416],{"class":66},[52,28744,4883],{"class":70},[52,28746,1888],{"class":66},[52,28748,174],{"class":84},[52,28750,3111],{"class":608},[52,28752,9429],{"class":84},[20,28754,28755,28757],{},[15,28756,12892],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[38,28759,166,28761,169],{"id":28760},"what-popitem-does",[15,28762,12892],{},[20,28764,28765,174],{},[15,28766,12892],{},[176,28768,28769,28772,28777,28780],{},[179,28770,28771],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[179,28773,28774,28775],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28776,21781],{},[179,28778,28779],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[179,28781,28782],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28784,28785],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[38,28787,296],{"id":295},[43,28789,28791],{"className":45,"code":28790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28792,28793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28794,28795,28797,28799,28801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28796,15729],{"class":58},[52,28798,92],{"class":84},[52,28800,28673],{"class":88},[52,28802,8763],{"class":84},[20,28804,11580],{},[176,28806,28807,28815,28818],{},[179,28808,28809,28811,28812],{},[15,28810,12892],{}," takes ",[3865,28813,28814],{},"no arguments",[179,28816,28817],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[179,28819,28820],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28822,28823,28824,6755],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[289,28825,28826],{"href":12689},[15,28827,12885],{},[38,28829,28831],{"id":28830},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28833,28834,28835,28837],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28836,12892],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28839,28840,28841,28844],"ol",{},[179,28842,28843],{},"the key",[179,28845,28846],{},"the value",[20,28848,197],{},[43,28850,28852],{"className":45,"code":28851,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28853,28854,28890,28904,28908],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28855,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28857,13328],{"class":58},[52,28859,63],{"class":62},[52,28861,10612],{"class":84},[52,28863,100],{"class":66},[52,28865,459],{"class":70},[52,28867,100],{"class":66},[52,28869,174],{"class":84},[52,28871,67],{"class":66},[52,28873,5127],{"class":70},[52,28875,100],{"class":66},[52,28877,318],{"class":84},[52,28879,67],{"class":66},[52,28881,9419],{"class":70},[52,28883,100],{"class":66},[52,28885,174],{"class":84},[52,28887,9426],{"class":608},[52,28889,9429],{"class":84},[52,28891,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,28893,2346],{"class":58},[52,28895,63],{"class":62},[52,28897,13371],{"class":58},[52,28899,92],{"class":84},[52,28901,28673],{"class":88},[52,28903,8763],{"class":84},[52,28905,28906],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,28907,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,28909,28910,28912,28914,28916],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,28911,81],{"class":80},[52,28913,85],{"class":84},[52,28915,2381],{"class":88},[52,28917,329],{"class":84},[20,28919,28920],{},[3865,28921,135],{},[43,28923,28925],{"className":45,"code":28924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28926,28927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28928,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28930,85],{"class":84},[52,28932,1888],{"class":66},[52,28934,9419],{"class":70},[52,28936,1888],{"class":66},[52,28938,318],{"class":84},[52,28940,9426],{"class":608},[52,28942,329],{"class":84},[20,28944,28945],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[43,28947,28949],{"className":45,"code":28948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28950,28951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28952,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28954,2346],{"class":58},[52,28956,63],{"class":62},[52,28958,13371],{"class":58},[52,28960,92],{"class":84},[52,28962,28673],{"class":88},[52,28964,8763],{"class":84},[20,28966,28967],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[43,28969,28971],{"className":45,"code":28970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28972,28973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28974,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28976,14966],{"class":58},[52,28978,318],{"class":84},[52,28980,21710],{"class":58},[52,28982,63],{"class":62},[52,28984,13371],{"class":58},[52,28986,92],{"class":84},[52,28988,28673],{"class":88},[52,28990,8763],{"class":84},[38,28992,11597],{"id":11596},[20,28994,28995],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[43,28997,28999],{"className":45,"code":28998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29000,29001,29049,29053,29068,29072,29092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29033,29035,29037,29040,29042,29044,29047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29004,5187],{"class":58},[52,29006,63],{"class":62},[52,29008,10612],{"class":84},[52,29010,100],{"class":66},[52,29012,29013],{"class":70},"Tom",[52,29015,100],{"class":66},[52,29017,174],{"class":84},[52,29019,5199],{"class":608},[52,29021,318],{"class":84},[52,29023,67],{"class":66},[52,29025,13003],{"class":70},[52,29027,100],{"class":66},[52,29029,174],{"class":84},[52,29031,29032],{"class":608}," 95",[52,29034,318],{"class":84},[52,29036,67],{"class":66},[52,29038,29039],{"class":70},"Leo",[52,29041,100],{"class":66},[52,29043,174],{"class":84},[52,29045,29046],{"class":608}," 88",[52,29048,9429],{"class":84},[52,29050,29051],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29052,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29054,29055,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29056,29057],{"class":58},"removed_pair ",[52,29059,63],{"class":62},[52,29061,5234],{"class":58},[52,29063,92],{"class":84},[52,29065,28673],{"class":88},[52,29067,8763],{"class":84},[52,29069,29070],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,29071,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29073,29074,29076,29078,29080,29083,29085,29087,29090],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,29075,81],{"class":80},[52,29077,85],{"class":84},[52,29079,100],{"class":66},[52,29081,29082],{"class":70},"Removed:",[52,29084,100],{"class":66},[52,29086,318],{"class":84},[52,29088,29089],{"class":88}," removed_pair",[52,29091,329],{"class":84},[52,29093,29094,29096,29098,29100,29103,29105,29107,29109],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,29095,81],{"class":80},[52,29097,85],{"class":84},[52,29099,100],{"class":66},[52,29101,29102],{"class":70},"After removal:",[52,29104,100],{"class":66},[52,29106,318],{"class":84},[52,29108,5234],{"class":88},[52,29110,329],{"class":84},[20,29112,29113],{},[3865,29114,135],{},[43,29116,29118],{"className":45,"code":29117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29119,29120,29141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29121,29122,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29123,29124],{"class":58},"Removed",[52,29126,174],{"class":84},[52,29128,1370],{"class":84},[52,29130,1888],{"class":66},[52,29132,29039],{"class":70},[52,29134,1888],{"class":66},[52,29136,318],{"class":84},[52,29138,29046],{"class":608},[52,29140,329],{"class":84},[52,29142,29143,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29144,29145],{"class":58},"After removal",[52,29147,174],{"class":84},[52,29149,10612],{"class":84},[52,29151,1888],{"class":66},[52,29153,29013],{"class":70},[52,29155,1888],{"class":66},[52,29157,174],{"class":84},[52,29159,5199],{"class":608},[52,29161,318],{"class":84},[52,29163,3416],{"class":66},[52,29165,13003],{"class":70},[52,29167,1888],{"class":66},[52,29169,174],{"class":84},[52,29171,29032],{"class":608},[52,29173,9429],{"class":84},[20,29175,29176,29177,29180],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29178,29179],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[38,29182,29184],{"id":29183},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29186,29187,29188,29190],{},"Because ",[15,29189,12892],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[43,29192,29194],{"className":45,"code":29193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29195,29196,29232,29236,29255,29259,29278,29297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29197,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29199,15572],{"class":58},[52,29201,63],{"class":62},[52,29203,10612],{"class":84},[52,29205,100],{"class":66},[52,29207,15583],{"class":70},[52,29209,100],{"class":66},[52,29211,174],{"class":84},[52,29213,67],{"class":66},[52,29215,15592],{"class":70},[52,29217,100],{"class":66},[52,29219,318],{"class":84},[52,29221,67],{"class":66},[52,29223,15603],{"class":70},[52,29225,100],{"class":66},[52,29227,174],{"class":84},[52,29229,27033],{"class":608},[52,29231,9429],{"class":84},[52,29233,29234],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29235,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29237,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29249,29251,29253],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29239,14966],{"class":58},[52,29241,318],{"class":84},[52,29243,21710],{"class":58},[52,29245,63],{"class":62},[52,29247,29248],{"class":58}," book",[52,29250,92],{"class":84},[52,29252,28673],{"class":88},[52,29254,8763],{"class":84},[52,29256,29257],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,29258,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29260,29261,29263,29265,29267,29270,29272,29274,29276],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,29262,81],{"class":80},[52,29264,85],{"class":84},[52,29266,100],{"class":66},[52,29268,29269],{"class":70},"Key:",[52,29271,100],{"class":66},[52,29273,318],{"class":84},[52,29275,21705],{"class":88},[52,29277,329],{"class":84},[52,29279,29280,29282,29284,29286,29289,29291,29293,29295],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,29281,81],{"class":80},[52,29283,85],{"class":84},[52,29285,100],{"class":66},[52,29287,29288],{"class":70},"Value:",[52,29290,100],{"class":66},[52,29292,318],{"class":84},[52,29294,8556],{"class":88},[52,29296,329],{"class":84},[52,29298,29299,29301,29303,29305,29308,29310,29312,29314],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,29300,81],{"class":80},[52,29302,85],{"class":84},[52,29304,100],{"class":66},[52,29306,29307],{"class":70},"Dictionary:",[52,29309,100],{"class":66},[52,29311,318],{"class":84},[52,29313,29248],{"class":88},[52,29315,329],{"class":84},[20,29317,29318],{},[3865,29319,135],{},[43,29321,29323],{"className":45,"code":29322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29324,29325,29335,29345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29326,29327,29330,29332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29328,29329],{"class":58},"Key",[52,29331,174],{"class":84},[52,29333,29334],{"class":58}," pages\n",[52,29336,29337,29340,29342],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29338,29339],{"class":58},"Value",[52,29341,174],{"class":84},[52,29343,29344],{"class":608}," 200\n",[52,29346,29347,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29348,29349],{"class":58},"Dictionary",[52,29351,174],{"class":84},[52,29353,10612],{"class":84},[52,29355,1888],{"class":66},[52,29357,15583],{"class":70},[52,29359,1888],{"class":66},[52,29361,174],{"class":84},[52,29363,3416],{"class":66},[52,29365,15592],{"class":70},[52,29367,1888],{"class":66},[52,29369,9429],{"class":84},[20,29371,29372],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[38,29374,29376],{"id":29375},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29378,29379,29380,28604,29382,92],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29381,12892],{},[3865,29383,28607],{},[20,29385,197],{},[43,29387,29389],{"className":45,"code":29388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29390,29391,29435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29392,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29394,9286],{"class":58},[52,29396,63],{"class":62},[52,29398,10612],{"class":84},[52,29400,100],{"class":66},[52,29402,2289],{"class":70},[52,29404,100],{"class":66},[52,29406,174],{"class":84},[52,29408,5621],{"class":608},[52,29410,318],{"class":84},[52,29412,67],{"class":66},[52,29414,11868],{"class":70},[52,29416,100],{"class":66},[52,29418,174],{"class":84},[52,29420,3111],{"class":608},[52,29422,318],{"class":84},[52,29424,67],{"class":66},[52,29426,22203],{"class":70},[52,29428,100],{"class":66},[52,29430,174],{"class":84},[52,29432,609],{"class":608},[52,29434,9429],{"class":84},[52,29436,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29438,81],{"class":80},[52,29440,85],{"class":84},[52,29442,9325],{"class":88},[52,29444,92],{"class":84},[52,29446,28673],{"class":88},[52,29448,7317],{"class":84},[20,29450,29451],{},[3865,29452,135],{},[43,29454,29456],{"className":45,"code":29455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29457,29458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29459,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29461,85],{"class":84},[52,29463,1888],{"class":66},[52,29465,22203],{"class":70},[52,29467,1888],{"class":66},[52,29469,318],{"class":84},[52,29471,609],{"class":608},[52,29473,329],{"class":84},[20,29475,29476],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29478,29479,29480,29482,29483,29485],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3865,29481,4752],{}," think of ",[15,29484,12892],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29487,29488,29489,2305,29493,17198,29497,92],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[289,29490,29491],{"href":17201},[15,29492,17204],{},[289,29494,29495],{"href":17188},[15,29496,17191],{},[289,29498,29499],{"href":17194},[15,29500,17197],{},[38,29502,29504,29505,342,29507],{"id":29503},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29506,12892],{},[15,29508,12885],{},[20,29510,29511,342,29513,29515],{},[15,29512,12892],{},[15,29514,12885],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[412,29517,29518],{"id":28673},[15,29519,12892],{},[176,29521,29522,29525,29528],{},[179,29523,29524],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[179,29526,29527],{},"does not need a key argument",[179,29529,3813,29530],{},[15,29531,21781],{},[412,29533,29534],{"id":26367},[15,29535,12885],{},[176,29537,29538,29541,29544],{},[179,29539,29540],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[179,29542,29543],{},"needs the key name",[179,29545,29546],{},"returns only the value",[20,29548,197],{},[43,29550,29552],{"className":45,"code":29551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29553,29554,29598,29602,29616,29636,29640,29662,29681,29685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29555,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29557,9286],{"class":58},[52,29559,63],{"class":62},[52,29561,10612],{"class":84},[52,29563,100],{"class":66},[52,29565,289],{"class":70},[52,29567,100],{"class":66},[52,29569,174],{"class":84},[52,29571,5621],{"class":608},[52,29573,318],{"class":84},[52,29575,67],{"class":66},[52,29577,4883],{"class":70},[52,29579,100],{"class":66},[52,29581,174],{"class":84},[52,29583,3111],{"class":608},[52,29585,318],{"class":84},[52,29587,67],{"class":66},[52,29589,9860],{"class":70},[52,29591,100],{"class":66},[52,29593,174],{"class":84},[52,29595,609],{"class":608},[52,29597,9429],{"class":84},[52,29599,29600],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29601,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29603,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29605,28664],{"class":58},[52,29607,63],{"class":62},[52,29609,14691],{"class":58},[52,29611,92],{"class":84},[52,29613,28673],{"class":88},[52,29615,8763],{"class":84},[52,29617,29618,29620,29622,29624,29627,29629,29631,29634],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,29619,81],{"class":80},[52,29621,85],{"class":84},[52,29623,100],{"class":66},[52,29625,29626],{"class":70},"popitem():",[52,29628,100],{"class":66},[52,29630,318],{"class":84},[52,29632,29633],{"class":88}," item",[52,29635,329],{"class":84},[52,29637,29638],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,29639,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29641,29642,29644,29646,29648,29650,29652,29654,29656,29658,29660],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,29643,2565],{"class":58},[52,29645,63],{"class":62},[52,29647,14691],{"class":58},[52,29649,92],{"class":84},[52,29651,26367],{"class":88},[52,29653,85],{"class":84},[52,29655,100],{"class":66},[52,29657,289],{"class":70},[52,29659,100],{"class":66},[52,29661,329],{"class":84},[52,29663,29664,29666,29668,29670,29673,29675,29677,29679],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,29665,81],{"class":80},[52,29667,85],{"class":84},[52,29669,100],{"class":66},[52,29671,29672],{"class":70},"pop('a'):",[52,29674,100],{"class":66},[52,29676,318],{"class":84},[52,29678,8556],{"class":88},[52,29680,329],{"class":84},[52,29682,29683],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,29684,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29686,29687,29689,29691,29693],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,29688,81],{"class":80},[52,29690,85],{"class":84},[52,29692,9325],{"class":88},[52,29694,329],{"class":84},[20,29696,29697],{},[3865,29698,135],{},[43,29700,29702],{"className":45,"code":29701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29703,29704,29725,29742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29705,29706,29708,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29707,28673],{"class":88},[52,29709,29710],{"class":84},"():",[52,29712,1370],{"class":84},[52,29714,1888],{"class":66},[52,29716,9860],{"class":70},[52,29718,1888],{"class":66},[52,29720,318],{"class":84},[52,29722,609],{"class":608},[52,29724,329],{"class":84},[52,29726,29727,29729,29731,29733,29735,29737,29739],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29728,26367],{"class":88},[52,29730,85],{"class":84},[52,29732,1888],{"class":66},[52,29734,289],{"class":70},[52,29736,1888],{"class":66},[52,29738,16577],{"class":84},[52,29740,29741],{"class":608}," 1\n",[52,29743,29744,29746,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29745,9398],{"class":84},[52,29747,1888],{"class":66},[52,29749,4883],{"class":70},[52,29751,1888],{"class":66},[52,29753,174],{"class":84},[52,29755,3111],{"class":608},[52,29757,9429],{"class":84},[20,29759,154,29760,29764],{},[289,29761,29762],{"href":12689},[15,29763,12885],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29766,154,29767,29769],{},[15,29768,12892],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[38,29771,29773],{"id":29772},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29775,29776,29777,29779],{},"Calling ",[15,29778,12892],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[43,29781,29783],{"className":45,"code":29782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29784,29785,29793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29786,29787,29789,29791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29788,9286],{"class":58},[52,29790,63],{"class":62},[52,29792,9959],{"class":84},[52,29794,29795,29797,29799,29801],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29796,9325],{"class":58},[52,29798,92],{"class":84},[52,29800,28673],{"class":88},[52,29802,8763],{"class":84},[20,29804,29805],{},[3865,29806,29807],{},"Error:",[43,29809,29811],{"className":45,"code":29810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29812,29813],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29814,29815,29817,29819,29821,29824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29816,19813],{"class":1929},[52,29818,174],{"class":84},[52,29820,3416],{"class":66},[52,29822,29823],{"class":70},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29825,29826],{"class":66},"'\n",[412,29828,29830],{"id":29829},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[43,29832,29834],{"className":45,"code":29833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29835,29836,29844,29848,29856,29871,29881,29887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29837,29838,29840,29842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29839,9286],{"class":58},[52,29841,63],{"class":62},[52,29843,9959],{"class":84},[52,29845,29846],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29847,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29849,29850,29852,29854],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29851,733],{"class":761},[52,29853,14691],{"class":58},[52,29855,804],{"class":84},[52,29857,29858,29861,29863,29865,29867,29869],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,29859,29860],{"class":58},"    item ",[52,29862,63],{"class":62},[52,29864,14691],{"class":58},[52,29866,92],{"class":84},[52,29868,28673],{"class":88},[52,29870,8763],{"class":84},[52,29872,29873,29875,29877,29879],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,29874,784],{"class":80},[52,29876,85],{"class":84},[52,29878,23437],{"class":88},[52,29880,329],{"class":84},[52,29882,29883,29885],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,29884,801],{"class":761},[52,29886,804],{"class":84},[52,29888,29889,29891,29893,29895,29898,29900],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,29890,784],{"class":80},[52,29892,85],{"class":84},[52,29894,100],{"class":66},[52,29896,29897],{"class":70},"Dictionary is empty",[52,29899,100],{"class":66},[52,29901,329],{"class":84},[412,29903,29905,29906],{"id":29904},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29907,29908],{},"try-except",[43,29910,29912],{"className":45,"code":29911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29913,29914,29922,29926,29933,29947,29957,29967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29915,29916,29918,29920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29917,9286],{"class":58},[52,29919,63],{"class":62},[52,29921,9959],{"class":84},[52,29923,29924],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,29925,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,29927,29928,29931],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,29929,29930],{"class":761},"try",[52,29932,804],{"class":84},[52,29934,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,29936,29860],{"class":58},[52,29938,63],{"class":62},[52,29940,14691],{"class":58},[52,29942,92],{"class":84},[52,29944,28673],{"class":88},[52,29946,8763],{"class":84},[52,29948,29949,29951,29953,29955],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,29950,784],{"class":80},[52,29952,85],{"class":84},[52,29954,23437],{"class":88},[52,29956,329],{"class":84},[52,29958,29959,29962,29965],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,29960,29961],{"class":761},"except",[52,29963,29964],{"class":1929}," KeyError",[52,29966,804],{"class":84},[52,29968,29969,29971,29973,29975,29978,29980],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,29970,784],{"class":80},[52,29972,85],{"class":84},[52,29974,100],{"class":66},[52,29976,29977],{"class":70},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[52,29979,100],{"class":66},[52,29981,329],{"class":84},[20,29983,29984,29985,92],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[289,29986,25805,29988],{"href":29987},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29989,29990],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[38,29992,5084,29994],{"id":29993},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29995,12892],{},[20,29997,29998,30000],{},[15,29999,12892],{}," is useful when:",[176,30002,30003,30006,30009],{},[179,30004,30005],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[179,30007,30008],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[179,30010,30011],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30013,30014],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[43,30016,30018],{"className":45,"code":30017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30019,30020,30029,30049,30069,30087,30091,30095,30105,30124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30021,30022,30025,30027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30023,30024],{"class":58},"tasks ",[52,30026,63],{"class":62},[52,30028,11615],{"class":84},[52,30030,30031,30033,30036,30038,30040,30042,30045,30047],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30032,11620],{"class":66},[52,30034,30035],{"class":70},"first",[52,30037,100],{"class":66},[52,30039,174],{"class":84},[52,30041,67],{"class":66},[52,30043,30044],{"class":70},"wash dishes",[52,30046,100],{"class":66},[52,30048,11636],{"class":84},[52,30050,30051,30053,30056,30058,30060,30062,30065,30067],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30052,11620],{"class":66},[52,30054,30055],{"class":70},"second",[52,30057,100],{"class":66},[52,30059,174],{"class":84},[52,30061,67],{"class":66},[52,30063,30064],{"class":70},"do homework",[52,30066,100],{"class":66},[52,30068,11636],{"class":84},[52,30070,30071,30073,30076,30078,30080,30082,30085],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,30072,11620],{"class":66},[52,30074,30075],{"class":70},"third",[52,30077,100],{"class":66},[52,30079,174],{"class":84},[52,30081,67],{"class":66},[52,30083,30084],{"class":70},"read book",[52,30086,74],{"class":66},[52,30088,30089],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,30090,9429],{"class":84},[52,30092,30093],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,30094,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,30096,30097,30100,30103],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,30098,30099],{"class":761},"while",[52,30101,30102],{"class":58}," tasks",[52,30104,804],{"class":84},[52,30106,30107,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,30108,30109],{"class":58},"    key",[52,30111,318],{"class":84},[52,30113,21710],{"class":58},[52,30115,63],{"class":62},[52,30117,30102],{"class":58},[52,30119,92],{"class":84},[52,30121,28673],{"class":88},[52,30123,8763],{"class":84},[52,30125,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,30127,784],{"class":80},[52,30129,85],{"class":84},[52,30131,22420],{"class":2180},[52,30133,100],{"class":70},[52,30135,9398],{"class":608},[52,30137,14966],{"class":88},[52,30139,22429],{"class":608},[52,30141,22432],{"class":70},[52,30143,9398],{"class":608},[52,30145,2591],{"class":88},[52,30147,22429],{"class":608},[52,30149,100],{"class":70},[52,30151,329],{"class":84},[20,30153,30154],{},[3865,30155,30156],{},"Possible output:",[43,30158,30160],{"className":45,"code":30159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30161,30162,30171,30180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30163,30164,30166,30168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30165,30075],{"class":58},[52,30167,174],{"class":84},[52,30169,30170],{"class":58}," read book\n",[52,30172,30173,30175,30177],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30174,30055],{"class":58},[52,30176,174],{"class":84},[52,30178,30179],{"class":58}," do homework\n",[52,30181,30182,30184,30186],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30183,30035],{"class":58},[52,30185,174],{"class":84},[52,30187,30188],{"class":58}," wash dishes\n",[20,30190,29187,30191,30193],{},[15,30192,12892],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[38,30195,1445],{"id":1444},[20,30197,14858,30198,174],{},[15,30199,12892],{},[176,30201,30202,30216,30235,30246],{},[179,30203,30204,30209],{},[3865,30205,29776,30206,30208],{},[15,30207,12892],{}," on an empty dictionary",[176,30210,30211],{},[179,30212,30213,30214,92],{},"This raises ",[15,30215,19813],{},[179,30217,30218,30223],{},[3865,30219,1725,30220,30222],{},[15,30221,12892],{}," to remove a specific key",[176,30224,30225,30228],{},[179,30226,30227],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[179,30229,154,30230,30234],{},[289,30231,30232],{"href":12689},[15,30233,12885],{}," if you need that.",[179,30236,30237,30241],{},[3865,30238,4826,30239,27825],{},[15,30240,12892],{},[176,30242,30243],{},[179,30244,30245],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[179,30247,30248,30251],{},[3865,30249,30250],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[176,30252,30253],{},[179,30254,30255,22101,30257,30259],{},[15,30256,12892],{},[15,30258,21781],{}," tuple.",[20,30261,1841],{},[43,30263,30265],{"className":45,"code":30264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30266,30267,30277,30291,30295,30309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30268,30269,30271,30273,30275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30270,81],{"class":80},[52,30272,85],{"class":84},[52,30274,11571],{"class":88},[52,30276,329],{"class":84},[52,30278,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30280,81],{"class":80},[52,30282,85],{"class":84},[52,30284,11284],{"class":80},[52,30286,85],{"class":84},[52,30288,11571],{"class":88},[52,30290,108],{"class":84},[52,30292,30293],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30294,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,30296,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,30298,28664],{"class":58},[52,30300,63],{"class":62},[52,30302,11889],{"class":58},[52,30304,92],{"class":84},[52,30306,28673],{"class":88},[52,30308,8763],{"class":84},[52,30310,30311,30313,30315,30317],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,30312,81],{"class":80},[52,30314,85],{"class":84},[52,30316,23437],{"class":88},[52,30318,329],{"class":84},[20,30320,30321],{},"Or with unpacking:",[43,30323,30325],{"className":45,"code":30324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30326,30327,30345,30355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30328,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30330,14966],{"class":58},[52,30332,318],{"class":84},[52,30334,21710],{"class":58},[52,30336,63],{"class":62},[52,30338,11889],{"class":58},[52,30340,92],{"class":84},[52,30342,28673],{"class":88},[52,30344,8763],{"class":84},[52,30346,30347,30349,30351,30353],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30348,81],{"class":80},[52,30350,85],{"class":84},[52,30352,14966],{"class":88},[52,30354,329],{"class":84},[52,30356,30357,30359,30361,30363],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30358,81],{"class":80},[52,30360,85],{"class":84},[52,30362,2591],{"class":88},[52,30364,329],{"class":84},[38,30366,1940],{"id":1939},[412,30368,5266,30370,5269],{"id":30369},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30371,12892],{},[20,30373,30374,30375,92],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30376,30377],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[412,30379,1944,30381,30383],{"id":30380},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30382,12892],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30385,30386],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[412,30388,30390,30391,30393],{"id":30389},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30392,12892],{}," removes?",[20,30395,30396,30397,30401],{},"No. Use ",[289,30398,30399],{"href":12689},[15,30400,12885],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[412,30403,1944,30405,15021],{"id":30404},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30406,12892],{},[20,30408,30409],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[412,30411,30413,30414,30416],{"id":30412},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30415,12892],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30418,30419,30420,30422,30423,92],{},"It raises ",[15,30421,19813],{}," with the message ",[15,30424,29823],{},[38,30426,2005],{"id":2004},[176,30428,30429,30436,30442,30448,30454,30461,30465,30469],{},[179,30430,30431],{},[289,30432,30433,30435],{"href":12689},[15,30434,12885],{}," method for dictionaries",[179,30437,30438],{},[289,30439,30440,30435],{"href":17201},[15,30441,17204],{},[179,30443,30444],{},[289,30445,30446,30435],{"href":17188},[15,30447,17191],{},[179,30449,30450],{},[289,30451,30452,30435],{"href":17194},[15,30453,17197],{},[179,30455,30456],{},[289,30457,30459,30435],{"href":30458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30460,11444],{},[179,30462,30463],{},[289,30464,12909],{"href":12696},[179,30466,30467],{},[289,30468,21583],{"href":16722},[179,30470,30471],{},[289,30472,30473,30474],{"href":29987},"Fix ",[15,30475,29990],{},[2035,30477,30478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":30480},[30481,30482,30484,30485,30486,30487,30488,30489,30494,30499,30501,30502,30514],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":28760,"depth":77,"text":30483},"What popitem() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":28830,"depth":77,"text":28831},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":29183,"depth":77,"text":29184},{"id":29375,"depth":77,"text":29376},{"id":29503,"depth":77,"text":30490,"children":30491},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30492,30493],{"id":28673,"depth":111,"text":12892},{"id":26367,"depth":111,"text":12885},{"id":29772,"depth":77,"text":29773,"children":30495},[30496,30497],{"id":29829,"depth":111,"text":29830},{"id":29904,"depth":111,"text":30498},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29993,"depth":77,"text":30500},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":30503},[30504,30506,30508,30510,30512],{"id":30369,"depth":111,"text":30505},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30380,"depth":111,"text":30507},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30389,"depth":111,"text":30509},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30404,"depth":111,"text":30511},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30412,"depth":111,"text":30513},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28499,"description":30515},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30522,"title":30523,"body":30524,"description":32426,"extension":2078,"meta":32427,"navigation":221,"path":14157,"seo":32428,"stem":32429,"__hash__":32430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30525,"toc":32398},[30526,30531,30536,30539,30541,30638,30643,30648,30653,30656,30664,30667,30682,30684,30784,30786,30843,30847,30849,30852,30872,30876,30887,30890,30917,30920,30922,30979,30981,31002,31008,31013,31016,31027,31029,31137,31139,31192,31194,31206,31213,31219,31224,31227,31315,31317,31362,31365,31373,31376,31379,31448,31451,31454,31458,31461,31532,31534,31587,31590,31593,31596,31611,31614,31626,31629,31692,31694,31700,31702,31704,31783,31785,31826,31828,31893,31895,31932,31937,31942,31946,31960,31963,32086,32088,32173,32178,32180,32184,32206,32209,32289,32292,32311,32316,32318,32324,32329,32335,32338,32344,32347,32353,32358,32364,32370,32372,32395],[10,30527,11441,30529,18],{"id":30528},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30530,15078],{},[20,30532,2095,30533,30535],{},[15,30534,15078],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30537,30538],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[38,30540,41],{"id":40},[43,30542,30544],{"className":45,"code":30543,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30545,30546,30582,30623,30633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30547,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30549,13328],{"class":58},[52,30551,63],{"class":62},[52,30553,10612],{"class":84},[52,30555,100],{"class":66},[52,30557,459],{"class":70},[52,30559,100],{"class":66},[52,30561,174],{"class":84},[52,30563,67],{"class":66},[52,30565,13003],{"class":70},[52,30567,100],{"class":66},[52,30569,318],{"class":84},[52,30571,67],{"class":66},[52,30573,9419],{"class":70},[52,30575,100],{"class":66},[52,30577,174],{"class":84},[52,30579,7914],{"class":608},[52,30581,9429],{"class":84},[52,30583,30584,30586,30588,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30585,17433],{"class":58},[52,30587,92],{"class":84},[52,30589,30590],{"class":88},"update",[52,30592,5652],{"class":84},[52,30594,100],{"class":66},[52,30596,9419],{"class":70},[52,30598,100],{"class":66},[52,30600,174],{"class":84},[52,30602,30603],{"class":608}," 21",[52,30605,318],{"class":84},[52,30607,67],{"class":66},[52,30609,10530],{"class":70},[52,30611,100],{"class":66},[52,30613,174],{"class":84},[52,30615,67],{"class":66},[52,30617,16156],{"class":70},[52,30619,100],{"class":66},[52,30621,30622],{"class":84},"})\n",[52,30624,30625,30627,30629,30631],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30626,81],{"class":80},[52,30628,85],{"class":84},[52,30630,17433],{"class":88},[52,30632,329],{"class":84},[52,30634,30635],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,30636,30637],{"class":1479},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30639,154,30640,30642],{},[15,30641,15078],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[38,30644,166,30646,169],{"id":30645},"what-update-does",[15,30647,15078],{},[20,30649,30650,30652],{},[15,30651,15078],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30654,30655],{},"It can do two main things:",[176,30657,30658,30661],{},[179,30659,30660],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[179,30662,30663],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30665,30666],{},"Important things to know:",[176,30668,30669,30672,30675,30679],{},[179,30670,30671],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[179,30673,30674],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[179,30676,5272,30677],{},[15,30678,3901],{},[179,30680,30681],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30683,197],{},[43,30685,30687],{"className":45,"code":30686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30688,30689,30731,30774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30690,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30727,30729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30692,12986],{"class":58},[52,30694,63],{"class":62},[52,30696,10612],{"class":84},[52,30698,100],{"class":66},[52,30700,459],{"class":70},[52,30702,100],{"class":66},[52,30704,174],{"class":84},[52,30706,67],{"class":66},[52,30708,30709],{"class":70},"Mira",[52,30711,100],{"class":66},[52,30713,318],{"class":84},[52,30715,67],{"class":66},[52,30717,20017],{"class":70},[52,30719,100],{"class":66},[52,30721,174],{"class":84},[52,30723,67],{"class":66},[52,30725,30726],{"class":70},"B",[52,30728,100],{"class":66},[52,30730,9429],{"class":84},[52,30732,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30770,30772],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30734,13750],{"class":58},[52,30736,92],{"class":84},[52,30738,30590],{"class":88},[52,30740,5652],{"class":84},[52,30742,100],{"class":66},[52,30744,20017],{"class":70},[52,30746,100],{"class":66},[52,30748,174],{"class":84},[52,30750,67],{"class":66},[52,30752,22371],{"class":70},[52,30754,100],{"class":66},[52,30756,318],{"class":84},[52,30758,67],{"class":66},[52,30760,10530],{"class":70},[52,30762,100],{"class":66},[52,30764,174],{"class":84},[52,30766,67],{"class":66},[52,30768,30769],{"class":70},"Quito",[52,30771,100],{"class":66},[52,30773,30622],{"class":84},[52,30775,30776,30778,30780,30782],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30777,81],{"class":80},[52,30779,85],{"class":84},[52,30781,13750],{"class":88},[52,30783,329],{"class":84},[20,30785,135],{},[43,30787,30789],{"className":45,"code":30788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30790,30791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30792,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30794,9398],{"class":84},[52,30796,1888],{"class":66},[52,30798,459],{"class":70},[52,30800,1888],{"class":66},[52,30802,174],{"class":84},[52,30804,3416],{"class":66},[52,30806,30709],{"class":70},[52,30808,1888],{"class":66},[52,30810,318],{"class":84},[52,30812,3416],{"class":66},[52,30814,20017],{"class":70},[52,30816,1888],{"class":66},[52,30818,174],{"class":84},[52,30820,3416],{"class":66},[52,30822,22371],{"class":70},[52,30824,1888],{"class":66},[52,30826,318],{"class":84},[52,30828,3416],{"class":66},[52,30830,10530],{"class":70},[52,30832,1888],{"class":66},[52,30834,174],{"class":84},[52,30836,3416],{"class":66},[52,30838,30769],{"class":70},[52,30840,1888],{"class":66},[52,30842,9429],{"class":84},[20,30844,9272,30845,92],{},[289,30846,24755],{"href":9511},[38,30848,296],{"id":295},[20,30850,30851],{},"The basic form is:",[43,30853,30855],{"className":45,"code":30854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30856,30857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30858,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30860,15729],{"class":58},[52,30862,92],{"class":84},[52,30864,30590],{"class":88},[52,30866,85],{"class":84},[52,30868,30869],{"class":88},"other",[52,30871,329],{"class":84},[20,30873,30874,420],{},[15,30875,30869],{},[176,30877,30878,30881,30884],{},[179,30879,30880],{},"Another dictionary",[179,30882,30883],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[179,30885,30886],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30888,30889],{},"You can also use:",[43,30891,30893],{"className":45,"code":30892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30894,30895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30896,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30898,15729],{"class":58},[52,30900,92],{"class":84},[52,30902,30590],{"class":88},[52,30904,85],{"class":84},[52,30906,459],{"class":9296},[52,30908,63],{"class":62},[52,30910,100],{"class":66},[52,30912,7800],{"class":70},[52,30914,100],{"class":66},[52,30916,329],{"class":84},[20,30918,30919],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30921,197],{},[43,30923,30925],{"className":45,"code":30924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30926,30927,30947,30969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30928,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30930,9286],{"class":58},[52,30932,63],{"class":62},[52,30934,10612],{"class":84},[52,30936,100],{"class":66},[52,30938,289],{"class":70},[52,30940,100],{"class":66},[52,30942,174],{"class":84},[52,30944,5621],{"class":608},[52,30946,9429],{"class":84},[52,30948,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,30950,9325],{"class":58},[52,30952,92],{"class":84},[52,30954,30590],{"class":88},[52,30956,5652],{"class":84},[52,30958,100],{"class":66},[52,30960,289],{"class":70},[52,30962,100],{"class":66},[52,30964,174],{"class":84},[52,30966,688],{"class":608},[52,30968,30622],{"class":84},[52,30970,30971,30973,30975,30977],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,30972,81],{"class":80},[52,30974,85],{"class":84},[52,30976,9325],{"class":88},[52,30978,329],{"class":84},[20,30980,135],{},[43,30982,30984],{"className":45,"code":30983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30985,30986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30987,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30989,9398],{"class":84},[52,30991,1888],{"class":66},[52,30993,289],{"class":70},[52,30995,1888],{"class":66},[52,30997,174],{"class":84},[52,30999,688],{"class":608},[52,31001,9429],{"class":84},[38,31003,1828,31005,31007],{"id":31004},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31006,15078],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31009,31010,31011,92],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31012,15078],{},[20,31014,31015],{},"It is useful when:",[176,31017,31018,31021,31024],{},[179,31019,31020],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[179,31022,31023],{},"Adding extra settings",[179,31025,31026],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31028,197],{},[43,31030,31032],{"className":45,"code":31031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31033,31034,31071,31108,31112,31127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31035,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31037,13950],{"class":58},[52,31039,63],{"class":62},[52,31041,10612],{"class":84},[52,31043,100],{"class":66},[52,31045,12617],{"class":70},[52,31047,100],{"class":66},[52,31049,174],{"class":84},[52,31051,67],{"class":66},[52,31053,21054],{"class":70},[52,31055,100],{"class":66},[52,31057,318],{"class":84},[52,31059,67],{"class":66},[52,31061,13975],{"class":70},[52,31063,100],{"class":66},[52,31065,174],{"class":84},[52,31067,31068],{"class":608}," 12",[52,31070,9429],{"class":84},[52,31072,31073,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31074,31075],{"class":58},"new_settings ",[52,31077,63],{"class":62},[52,31079,10612],{"class":84},[52,31081,100],{"class":66},[52,31083,13975],{"class":70},[52,31085,100],{"class":66},[52,31087,174],{"class":84},[52,31089,13982],{"class":608},[52,31091,318],{"class":84},[52,31093,67],{"class":66},[52,31095,20249],{"class":70},[52,31097,100],{"class":66},[52,31099,174],{"class":84},[52,31101,67],{"class":66},[52,31103,20283],{"class":70},[52,31105,100],{"class":66},[52,31107,9429],{"class":84},[52,31109,31110],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31111,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,31113,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31125],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,31115,14009],{"class":58},[52,31117,92],{"class":84},[52,31119,30590],{"class":88},[52,31121,85],{"class":84},[52,31123,31124],{"class":88},"new_settings",[52,31126,329],{"class":84},[52,31128,31129,31131,31133,31135],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,31130,81],{"class":80},[52,31132,85],{"class":84},[52,31134,14009],{"class":88},[52,31136,329],{"class":84},[20,31138,135],{},[43,31140,31142],{"className":45,"code":31141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31143,31144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31145,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31147,9398],{"class":84},[52,31149,1888],{"class":66},[52,31151,12617],{"class":70},[52,31153,1888],{"class":66},[52,31155,174],{"class":84},[52,31157,3416],{"class":66},[52,31159,21054],{"class":70},[52,31161,1888],{"class":66},[52,31163,318],{"class":84},[52,31165,3416],{"class":66},[52,31167,13975],{"class":70},[52,31169,1888],{"class":66},[52,31171,174],{"class":84},[52,31173,13982],{"class":608},[52,31175,318],{"class":84},[52,31177,3416],{"class":66},[52,31179,20249],{"class":70},[52,31181,1888],{"class":66},[52,31183,174],{"class":84},[52,31185,3416],{"class":66},[52,31187,20283],{"class":70},[52,31189,1888],{"class":66},[52,31191,9429],{"class":84},[20,31193,13533],{},[176,31195,31196,31201],{},[179,31197,31198,31200],{},[15,31199,13975],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[179,31202,31203,31205],{},[15,31204,20249],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31207,31208,31209,92],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[289,31210,31212],{"href":31211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[38,31214,1828,31216,31218],{"id":31215},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31217,15078],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31220,31221,31223],{},[15,31222,15078],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31225,31226],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[43,31228,31230],{"className":45,"code":31229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31231,31232,31252,31287,31291,31305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31233,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31235,5187],{"class":58},[52,31237,63],{"class":62},[52,31239,10612],{"class":84},[52,31241,100],{"class":66},[52,31243,18542],{"class":70},[52,31245,100],{"class":66},[52,31247,174],{"class":84},[52,31249,20024],{"class":608},[52,31251,9429],{"class":84},[52,31253,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31279,31281,31283,31285],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31255,9336],{"class":58},[52,31257,63],{"class":62},[52,31259,9341],{"class":84},[52,31261,100],{"class":66},[52,31263,18551],{"class":70},[52,31265,100],{"class":66},[52,31267,318],{"class":84},[52,31269,13631],{"class":608},[52,31271,9354],{"class":84},[52,31273,1370],{"class":84},[52,31275,100],{"class":66},[52,31277,31278],{"class":70},"english",[52,31280,100],{"class":66},[52,31282,318],{"class":84},[52,31284,29046],{"class":608},[52,31286,9369],{"class":84},[52,31288,31289],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31290,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,31292,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,31294,16514],{"class":58},[52,31296,92],{"class":84},[52,31298,30590],{"class":88},[52,31300,85],{"class":84},[52,31302,9382],{"class":88},[52,31304,329],{"class":84},[52,31306,31307,31309,31311,31313],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,31308,81],{"class":80},[52,31310,85],{"class":84},[52,31312,16514],{"class":88},[52,31314,329],{"class":84},[20,31316,135],{},[43,31318,31320],{"className":45,"code":31319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31321,31322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31323,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31325,9398],{"class":84},[52,31327,1888],{"class":66},[52,31329,18542],{"class":70},[52,31331,1888],{"class":66},[52,31333,174],{"class":84},[52,31335,20024],{"class":608},[52,31337,318],{"class":84},[52,31339,3416],{"class":66},[52,31341,18551],{"class":70},[52,31343,1888],{"class":66},[52,31345,174],{"class":84},[52,31347,13631],{"class":608},[52,31349,318],{"class":84},[52,31351,3416],{"class":66},[52,31353,31278],{"class":70},[52,31355,1888],{"class":66},[52,31357,174],{"class":84},[52,31359,29046],{"class":608},[52,31361,9429],{"class":84},[20,31363,31364],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[176,31366,31367,31370],{},[179,31368,31369],{},"The key",[179,31371,31372],{},"The value",[20,31374,31375],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31377,31378],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[43,31380,31382],{"className":45,"code":31381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31383,31384,31404,31429,31433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31385,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31387,9286],{"class":58},[52,31389,63],{"class":62},[52,31391,10612],{"class":84},[52,31393,100],{"class":66},[52,31395,289],{"class":70},[52,31397,100],{"class":66},[52,31399,174],{"class":84},[52,31401,5621],{"class":608},[52,31403,9429],{"class":84},[52,31405,31406,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31407,31408],{"class":58},"bad_pairs ",[52,31410,63],{"class":62},[52,31412,9341],{"class":84},[52,31414,100],{"class":66},[52,31416,4883],{"class":70},[52,31418,100],{"class":66},[52,31420,318],{"class":84},[52,31422,3111],{"class":608},[52,31424,318],{"class":84},[52,31426,609],{"class":608},[52,31428,9369],{"class":84},[52,31430,31431],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31432,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,31434,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31446],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,31436,9325],{"class":58},[52,31438,92],{"class":84},[52,31440,30590],{"class":88},[52,31442,85],{"class":84},[52,31444,31445],{"class":88},"bad_pairs",[52,31447,329],{"class":84},[20,31449,31450],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31452,31453],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[38,31455,31457],{"id":31456},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31459,31460],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[43,31462,31464],{"className":45,"code":31463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31465,31466,31490,31522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31467,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31469,11610],{"class":58},[52,31471,63],{"class":62},[52,31473,10612],{"class":84},[52,31475,100],{"class":66},[52,31477,459],{"class":70},[52,31479,100],{"class":66},[52,31481,174],{"class":84},[52,31483,67],{"class":66},[52,31485,29039],{"class":70},[52,31487,100],{"class":66},[52,31489,9429],{"class":84},[52,31491,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31511,31513,31515,31518,31520],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31493,11704],{"class":58},[52,31495,92],{"class":84},[52,31497,30590],{"class":88},[52,31499,85],{"class":84},[52,31501,9419],{"class":9296},[52,31503,63],{"class":62},[52,31505,9314],{"class":608},[52,31507,318],{"class":84},[52,31509,31510],{"class":9296}," city",[52,31512,63],{"class":62},[52,31514,100],{"class":66},[52,31516,31517],{"class":70},"Madrid",[52,31519,100],{"class":66},[52,31521,329],{"class":84},[52,31523,31524,31526,31528,31530],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31525,81],{"class":80},[52,31527,85],{"class":84},[52,31529,11704],{"class":88},[52,31531,329],{"class":84},[20,31533,135],{},[43,31535,31537],{"className":45,"code":31536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31538,31539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31542,9398],{"class":84},[52,31544,1888],{"class":66},[52,31546,459],{"class":70},[52,31548,1888],{"class":66},[52,31550,174],{"class":84},[52,31552,3416],{"class":66},[52,31554,29039],{"class":70},[52,31556,1888],{"class":66},[52,31558,318],{"class":84},[52,31560,3416],{"class":66},[52,31562,9419],{"class":70},[52,31564,1888],{"class":66},[52,31566,174],{"class":84},[52,31568,9426],{"class":608},[52,31570,318],{"class":84},[52,31572,3416],{"class":66},[52,31574,10530],{"class":70},[52,31576,1888],{"class":66},[52,31578,174],{"class":84},[52,31580,3416],{"class":66},[52,31582,31517],{"class":70},[52,31584,1888],{"class":66},[52,31586,9429],{"class":84},[20,31588,31589],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31591,31592],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31594,31595],{},"These work:",[176,31597,31598,31602,31606],{},[179,31599,31600],{},[15,31601,9419],{},[179,31603,31604],{},[15,31605,10530],{},[179,31607,31608],{},[15,31609,31610],{},"first_name",[20,31612,31613],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[176,31615,31616,31621],{},[179,31617,31618],{},[15,31619,31620],{},"\"first name\"",[179,31622,31623],{},[15,31624,31625],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31627,31628],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[43,31630,31632],{"className":45,"code":31631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31633,31634,31642,31682],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31635,31636,31638,31640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31637,11610],{"class":58},[52,31639,63],{"class":62},[52,31641,9959],{"class":84},[52,31643,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31673,31675,31677,31680],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31645,11704],{"class":58},[52,31647,92],{"class":84},[52,31649,30590],{"class":88},[52,31651,5652],{"class":84},[52,31653,100],{"class":66},[52,31655,10634],{"class":70},[52,31657,100],{"class":66},[52,31659,174],{"class":84},[52,31661,67],{"class":66},[52,31663,29039],{"class":70},[52,31665,100],{"class":66},[52,31667,318],{"class":84},[52,31669,67],{"class":66},[52,31671,31672],{"class":70},"user-id",[52,31674,100],{"class":66},[52,31676,174],{"class":84},[52,31678,31679],{"class":608}," 1001",[52,31681,30622],{"class":84},[52,31683,31684,31686,31688,31690],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31685,81],{"class":80},[52,31687,85],{"class":84},[52,31689,11704],{"class":88},[52,31691,329],{"class":84},[38,31693,710],{"id":709},[20,31695,31696,2515,31698,92],{},[15,31697,15078],{},[15,31699,3901],{},[20,31701,14173],{},[20,31703,24835],{},[43,31705,31707],{"className":45,"code":31706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31708,31709,31733,31759,31763,31773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31710,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31712,13328],{"class":58},[52,31714,63],{"class":62},[52,31716,10612],{"class":84},[52,31718,100],{"class":66},[52,31720,459],{"class":70},[52,31722,100],{"class":66},[52,31724,174],{"class":84},[52,31726,67],{"class":66},[52,31728,13003],{"class":70},[52,31730,100],{"class":66},[52,31732,9429],{"class":84},[52,31734,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31736,2346],{"class":58},[52,31738,63],{"class":62},[52,31740,13371],{"class":58},[52,31742,92],{"class":84},[52,31744,30590],{"class":88},[52,31746,5652],{"class":84},[52,31748,100],{"class":66},[52,31750,9419],{"class":70},[52,31752,100],{"class":66},[52,31754,174],{"class":84},[52,31756,7914],{"class":608},[52,31758,30622],{"class":84},[52,31760,31761],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31762,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,31764,31765,31767,31769,31771],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,31766,81],{"class":80},[52,31768,85],{"class":84},[52,31770,2381],{"class":88},[52,31772,329],{"class":84},[52,31774,31775,31777,31779,31781],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,31776,81],{"class":80},[52,31778,85],{"class":84},[52,31780,17433],{"class":88},[52,31782,329],{"class":84},[20,31784,135],{},[43,31786,31788],{"className":45,"code":31787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31789,31790,31794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31791,31792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31793,11931],{"class":145},[52,31795,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31797,9398],{"class":84},[52,31799,1888],{"class":66},[52,31801,459],{"class":70},[52,31803,1888],{"class":66},[52,31805,174],{"class":84},[52,31807,3416],{"class":66},[52,31809,13003],{"class":70},[52,31811,1888],{"class":66},[52,31813,318],{"class":84},[52,31815,3416],{"class":66},[52,31817,9419],{"class":70},[52,31819,1888],{"class":66},[52,31821,174],{"class":84},[52,31823,7914],{"class":608},[52,31825,9429],{"class":84},[20,31827,16781],{},[43,31829,31831],{"className":45,"code":31830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31832,31833,31857,31879,31883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31834,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31836,13328],{"class":58},[52,31838,63],{"class":62},[52,31840,10612],{"class":84},[52,31842,100],{"class":66},[52,31844,459],{"class":70},[52,31846,100],{"class":66},[52,31848,174],{"class":84},[52,31850,67],{"class":66},[52,31852,13003],{"class":70},[52,31854,100],{"class":66},[52,31856,9429],{"class":84},[52,31858,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,31860,17433],{"class":58},[52,31862,92],{"class":84},[52,31864,30590],{"class":88},[52,31866,5652],{"class":84},[52,31868,100],{"class":66},[52,31870,9419],{"class":70},[52,31872,100],{"class":66},[52,31874,174],{"class":84},[52,31876,7914],{"class":608},[52,31878,30622],{"class":84},[52,31880,31881],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,31882,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,31884,31885,31887,31889,31891],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,31886,81],{"class":80},[52,31888,85],{"class":84},[52,31890,17433],{"class":88},[52,31892,329],{"class":84},[20,31894,135],{},[43,31896,31898],{"className":45,"code":31897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31899,31900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31901,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31903,9398],{"class":84},[52,31905,1888],{"class":66},[52,31907,459],{"class":70},[52,31909,1888],{"class":66},[52,31911,174],{"class":84},[52,31913,3416],{"class":66},[52,31915,13003],{"class":70},[52,31917,1888],{"class":66},[52,31919,318],{"class":84},[52,31921,3416],{"class":66},[52,31923,9419],{"class":70},[52,31925,1888],{"class":66},[52,31927,174],{"class":84},[52,31929,7914],{"class":608},[52,31931,9429],{"class":84},[20,31933,31934,31935,92],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[289,31936,18029],{"href":10853},[38,31938,5084,31940],{"id":31939},"when-to-use-update",[15,31941,15078],{},[20,31943,154,31944,10723],{},[15,31945,15078],{},[176,31947,31948,31951,31954,31957],{},[179,31949,31950],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[179,31952,31953],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[179,31955,31956],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[179,31958,31959],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31961,31962],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[43,31964,31966],{"className":45,"code":31965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31967,31968,32004,32019,32023,32062,32066,32076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31969,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31971,12209],{"class":58},[52,31973,63],{"class":62},[52,31975,10612],{"class":84},[52,31977,100],{"class":66},[52,31979,459],{"class":70},[52,31981,100],{"class":66},[52,31983,174],{"class":84},[52,31985,67],{"class":66},[52,31987,13003],{"class":70},[52,31989,100],{"class":66},[52,31991,318],{"class":84},[52,31993,67],{"class":66},[52,31995,9419],{"class":70},[52,31997,100],{"class":66},[52,31999,174],{"class":84},[52,32001,7914],{"class":608},[52,32003,9429],{"class":84},[52,32005,32006,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32007,32008],{"class":58},"updated ",[52,32010,63],{"class":62},[52,32012,12284],{"class":58},[52,32014,92],{"class":84},[52,32016,13034],{"class":88},[52,32018,8763],{"class":84},[52,32020,32021],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,32022,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,32024,32025,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,32026,32027],{"class":58},"updated",[52,32029,92],{"class":84},[52,32031,30590],{"class":88},[52,32033,5652],{"class":84},[52,32035,100],{"class":66},[52,32037,9419],{"class":70},[52,32039,100],{"class":66},[52,32041,174],{"class":84},[52,32043,30603],{"class":608},[52,32045,318],{"class":84},[52,32047,67],{"class":66},[52,32049,10530],{"class":70},[52,32051,100],{"class":66},[52,32053,174],{"class":84},[52,32055,67],{"class":66},[52,32057,16156],{"class":70},[52,32059,100],{"class":66},[52,32061,30622],{"class":84},[52,32063,32064],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,32065,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,32067,32068,32070,32072,32074],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,32069,81],{"class":80},[52,32071,85],{"class":84},[52,32073,12256],{"class":88},[52,32075,329],{"class":84},[52,32077,32078,32080,32082,32084],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,32079,81],{"class":80},[52,32081,85],{"class":84},[52,32083,32027],{"class":88},[52,32085,329],{"class":84},[20,32087,135],{},[43,32089,32091],{"className":45,"code":32090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32092,32093,32125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32094,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32096,9398],{"class":84},[52,32098,1888],{"class":66},[52,32100,459],{"class":70},[52,32102,1888],{"class":66},[52,32104,174],{"class":84},[52,32106,3416],{"class":66},[52,32108,13003],{"class":70},[52,32110,1888],{"class":66},[52,32112,318],{"class":84},[52,32114,3416],{"class":66},[52,32116,9419],{"class":70},[52,32118,1888],{"class":66},[52,32120,174],{"class":84},[52,32122,7914],{"class":608},[52,32124,9429],{"class":84},[52,32126,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32128,9398],{"class":84},[52,32130,1888],{"class":66},[52,32132,459],{"class":70},[52,32134,1888],{"class":66},[52,32136,174],{"class":84},[52,32138,3416],{"class":66},[52,32140,13003],{"class":70},[52,32142,1888],{"class":66},[52,32144,318],{"class":84},[52,32146,3416],{"class":66},[52,32148,9419],{"class":70},[52,32150,1888],{"class":66},[52,32152,174],{"class":84},[52,32154,30603],{"class":608},[52,32156,318],{"class":84},[52,32158,3416],{"class":66},[52,32160,10530],{"class":70},[52,32162,1888],{"class":66},[52,32164,174],{"class":84},[52,32166,3416],{"class":66},[52,32168,16156],{"class":70},[52,32170,1888],{"class":66},[52,32172,9429],{"class":84},[20,32174,32175,32176,92],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[289,32177,16723],{"href":16722},[38,32179,1445],{"id":1444},[20,32181,10869,32182,174],{},[15,32183,15078],{},[176,32185,32186,32193,32197,32200,32203],{},[179,32187,12717,32188,32190,32191],{},[15,32189,15078],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32192,3901],{},[179,32194,1725,32195,12725],{},[15,32196,15078],{},[179,32198,32199],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[179,32201,32202],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[179,32204,32205],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32207,32208],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[43,32210,32212],{"className":45,"code":32211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32213,32214,32224,32238,32252,32274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32215,32216,32218,32220,32222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32217,81],{"class":80},[52,32219,85],{"class":84},[52,32221,11571],{"class":88},[52,32223,329],{"class":84},[52,32225,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32227,81],{"class":80},[52,32229,85],{"class":84},[52,32231,1930],{"class":1929},[52,32233,85],{"class":84},[52,32235,9325],{"class":88},[52,32237,108],{"class":84},[52,32239,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,32241,81],{"class":80},[52,32243,85],{"class":84},[52,32245,8217],{"class":1929},[52,32247,85],{"class":84},[52,32249,9325],{"class":88},[52,32251,108],{"class":84},[52,32253,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,32255,81],{"class":80},[52,32257,85],{"class":84},[52,32259,11571],{"class":88},[52,32261,92],{"class":84},[52,32263,19876],{"class":88},[52,32265,85],{"class":84},[52,32267,1888],{"class":66},[52,32269,14966],{"class":70},[52,32271,1888],{"class":66},[52,32273,108],{"class":84},[52,32275,32276,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,32277,32278],{"class":80},"help",[52,32280,85],{"class":84},[52,32282,8941],{"class":1929},[52,32284,92],{"class":84},[52,32286,30590],{"class":1803},[52,32288,329],{"class":84},[20,32290,32291],{},"These can help you check:",[176,32293,32294,32297,32302,32305,32308],{},[179,32295,32296],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[179,32298,32299,32300],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32301,15078],{},[179,32303,32304],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[179,32306,32307],{},"Whether a key exists",[179,32309,32310],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32312,32313,32314,92],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[289,32315,11385],{"href":11196},[38,32317,1940],{"id":1939},[412,32319,1944,32321,32323],{"id":32320},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32322,15078],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32325,32326,32327,92],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32328,3901],{},[412,32330,1944,32332,32334],{"id":32331},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32333,15078],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32336,32337],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[412,32339,1958,32341,32343],{"id":32340},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32342,15078],{}," add new keys?",[20,32345,32346],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[412,32348,28454,32350,32352],{"id":32349},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32351,15078],{}," with a list?",[20,32354,32355,32356,92],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32357,11217],{},[412,32359,1987,32361,32363],{"id":32360},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32362,15078],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32365,32366,32367,32369],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32368,15078],{}," can change many keys at once.",[38,32371,2005],{"id":2004},[176,32373,32374,32378,32382,32387,32391],{},[179,32375,32376],{},[289,32377,26221],{"href":9511},[179,32379,32380],{},[289,32381,11374],{"href":10853},[179,32383,32384],{},[289,32385,32386],{"href":31211},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[179,32388,32389],{},[289,32390,21583],{"href":16722},[179,32392,32393],{},[289,32394,11385],{"href":11196},[2035,32396,32397],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":32399},[32400,32401,32403,32404,32406,32408,32409,32410,32412,32413,32425],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":30645,"depth":77,"text":32402},"What update() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":31004,"depth":77,"text":32405},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31215,"depth":77,"text":32407},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31456,"depth":77,"text":31457},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":31939,"depth":77,"text":32411},"When to use update()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":32414},[32415,32417,32419,32421,32423],{"id":32320,"depth":111,"text":32416},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32331,"depth":111,"text":32418},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32340,"depth":111,"text":32420},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32349,"depth":111,"text":32422},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32360,"depth":111,"text":32424},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30523,"description":32426},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32432,"title":32433,"body":32434,"description":34423,"extension":2078,"meta":34424,"navigation":221,"path":23021,"seo":34425,"stem":34426,"__hash__":34427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32435,"toc":34386},[32436,32441,32448,32451,32453,32552,32554,32609,32614,32619,32633,32638,32640,32655,32657,32671,32684,32689,32695,32702,32704,32811,32813,32862,32868,32943,32945,32966,32968,32971,33076,33078,33133,33135,33163,33167,33172,33251,33253,33273,33275,33286,33296,33300,33305,33409,33411,33436,33439,33450,33455,33464,33467,33484,33486,33573,33575,33638,33640,33663,33665,33670,33676,33681,33683,33722,33728,33731,33750,33761,33767,33770,33843,33845,33864,33869,33872,33895,33901,33904,33968,33971,34048,34055,34058,34117,34123,34125,34144,34148,34151,34202,34205,34225,34227,34288,34290,34295,34300,34305,34310,34315,34320,34326,34329,34338,34346,34348,34383],[10,32437,11441,32439,18],{"id":32438},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32440,17197],{},[20,32442,32443,32444,32447],{},"The Python ",[15,32445,32446],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32449,32450],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[38,32452,41],{"id":40},[43,32454,32456],{"className":45,"code":32455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32457,32458,32510,32524,32528,32538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32459,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32461,12986],{"class":58},[52,32463,63],{"class":62},[52,32465,10612],{"class":84},[52,32467,100],{"class":66},[52,32469,459],{"class":70},[52,32471,100],{"class":66},[52,32473,174],{"class":84},[52,32475,67],{"class":66},[52,32477,13003],{"class":70},[52,32479,100],{"class":66},[52,32481,318],{"class":84},[52,32483,67],{"class":66},[52,32485,9419],{"class":70},[52,32487,100],{"class":66},[52,32489,174],{"class":84},[52,32491,7914],{"class":608},[52,32493,318],{"class":84},[52,32495,67],{"class":66},[52,32497,10530],{"class":70},[52,32499,100],{"class":66},[52,32501,174],{"class":84},[52,32503,67],{"class":66},[52,32505,16156],{"class":70},[52,32507,100],{"class":66},[52,32509,9429],{"class":84},[52,32511,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32513,3946],{"class":58},[52,32515,63],{"class":62},[52,32517,13029],{"class":58},[52,32519,92],{"class":84},[52,32521,5482],{"class":88},[52,32523,8763],{"class":84},[52,32525,32526],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,32527,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,32529,32530,32532,32534,32536],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,32531,81],{"class":80},[52,32533,85],{"class":84},[52,32535,5482],{"class":88},[52,32537,329],{"class":84},[52,32539,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,32541,81],{"class":80},[52,32543,85],{"class":84},[52,32545,8217],{"class":1929},[52,32547,85],{"class":84},[52,32549,5482],{"class":88},[52,32551,108],{"class":84},[20,32553,135],{},[43,32555,32557],{"className":45,"code":32556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32558,32559,32585],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32560,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32562,17163],{"class":88},[52,32564,3103],{"class":84},[52,32566,1888],{"class":66},[52,32568,13003],{"class":70},[52,32570,1888],{"class":66},[52,32572,318],{"class":84},[52,32574,7914],{"class":608},[52,32576,318],{"class":84},[52,32578,3416],{"class":66},[52,32580,16156],{"class":70},[52,32582,1888],{"class":66},[52,32584,4009],{"class":84},[52,32586,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32588,4021],{"class":84},[52,32590,1888],{"class":66},[52,32592,13003],{"class":70},[52,32594,1888],{"class":66},[52,32596,318],{"class":84},[52,32598,7914],{"class":608},[52,32600,318],{"class":84},[52,32602,3416],{"class":66},[52,32604,16156],{"class":70},[52,32606,1888],{"class":66},[52,32608,3757],{"class":84},[20,32610,32611,32613],{},[15,32612,17197],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[38,32615,166,32617,169],{"id":32616},"what-values-does",[15,32618,17197],{},[176,32620,32621,32624,32627,32630],{},[179,32622,32623],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[179,32625,32626],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[179,32628,32629],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[179,32631,32632],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32634,32635,32636,92],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[289,32637,9512],{"href":9511},[38,32639,296],{"id":295},[43,32641,32643],{"className":45,"code":32642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32644,32645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32646,32647,32649,32651,32653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32648,11571],{"class":58},[52,32650,92],{"class":84},[52,32652,5482],{"class":88},[52,32654,8763],{"class":84},[20,32656,13175],{},[176,32658,32659,32663,32666],{},[179,32660,32661,11587],{},[15,32662,17197],{},[179,32664,32665],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[179,32667,32668,32669],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32670,17197],{},[20,32672,32673,32674,342,32679,92],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[289,32675,32676,32678],{"href":17188},[15,32677,17191],{}," for dictionary keys",[289,32680,32681,32683],{"href":17201},[15,32682,17204],{}," for key-value pairs",[38,32685,166,32687,11828],{"id":32686},"what-values-returns",[15,32688,17197],{},[20,32690,32691,22101,32693,24890],{},[15,32692,17197],{},[15,32694,17163],{},[20,32696,32697,32698,32701],{},"This object is a ",[3865,32699,32700],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32703,197],{},[43,32705,32707],{"className":45,"code":32706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32708,32709,32745,32749,32764,32775,32779,32801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32710,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32712,13328],{"class":58},[52,32714,63],{"class":62},[52,32716,10612],{"class":84},[52,32718,100],{"class":66},[52,32720,459],{"class":70},[52,32722,100],{"class":66},[52,32724,174],{"class":84},[52,32726,67],{"class":66},[52,32728,8045],{"class":70},[52,32730,100],{"class":66},[52,32732,318],{"class":84},[52,32734,67],{"class":66},[52,32736,9419],{"class":70},[52,32738,100],{"class":66},[52,32740,174],{"class":84},[52,32742,9426],{"class":608},[52,32744,9429],{"class":84},[52,32746,32747],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32748,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,32750,32751,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,32752,32753],{"class":58},"values_view ",[52,32755,63],{"class":62},[52,32757,13371],{"class":58},[52,32759,92],{"class":84},[52,32761,5482],{"class":88},[52,32763,8763],{"class":84},[52,32765,32766,32768,32770,32773],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,32767,81],{"class":80},[52,32769,85],{"class":84},[52,32771,32772],{"class":88},"values_view",[52,32774,329],{"class":84},[52,32776,32777],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,32778,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,32780,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,32782,17433],{"class":58},[52,32784,4021],{"class":84},[52,32786,100],{"class":66},[52,32788,10530],{"class":70},[52,32790,100],{"class":66},[52,32792,13397],{"class":84},[52,32794,13400],{"class":62},[52,32796,67],{"class":66},[52,32798,30769],{"class":70},[52,32800,74],{"class":66},[52,32802,32803,32805,32807,32809],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,32804,81],{"class":80},[52,32806,85],{"class":84},[52,32808,32772],{"class":88},[52,32810,329],{"class":84},[20,32812,135],{},[43,32814,32816],{"className":45,"code":32815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32817,32818,32836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32819,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32821,17163],{"class":88},[52,32823,3103],{"class":84},[52,32825,1888],{"class":66},[52,32827,8045],{"class":70},[52,32829,1888],{"class":66},[52,32831,318],{"class":84},[52,32833,9426],{"class":608},[52,32835,4009],{"class":84},[52,32837,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32839,17163],{"class":88},[52,32841,3103],{"class":84},[52,32843,1888],{"class":66},[52,32845,8045],{"class":70},[52,32847,1888],{"class":66},[52,32849,318],{"class":84},[52,32851,9426],{"class":608},[52,32853,318],{"class":84},[52,32855,3416],{"class":66},[52,32857,30769],{"class":70},[52,32859,1888],{"class":66},[52,32861,4009],{"class":84},[20,32863,32864,32865,92],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32866,32867],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[43,32869,32871],{"className":45,"code":32870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32872,32873,32909,32928,32932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32874,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32876,13328],{"class":58},[52,32878,63],{"class":62},[52,32880,10612],{"class":84},[52,32882,100],{"class":66},[52,32884,459],{"class":70},[52,32886,100],{"class":66},[52,32888,174],{"class":84},[52,32890,67],{"class":66},[52,32892,8045],{"class":70},[52,32894,100],{"class":66},[52,32896,318],{"class":84},[52,32898,67],{"class":66},[52,32900,9419],{"class":70},[52,32902,100],{"class":66},[52,32904,174],{"class":84},[52,32906,9426],{"class":608},[52,32908,9429],{"class":84},[52,32910,32911,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,32912,32913],{"class":58},"values_list ",[52,32915,63],{"class":62},[52,32917,22686],{"class":1929},[52,32919,85],{"class":84},[52,32921,17433],{"class":88},[52,32923,92],{"class":84},[52,32925,5482],{"class":88},[52,32927,7317],{"class":84},[52,32929,32930],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,32931,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,32933,32934,32936,32938,32941],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,32935,81],{"class":80},[52,32937,85],{"class":84},[52,32939,32940],{"class":88},"values_list",[52,32942,329],{"class":84},[20,32944,135],{},[43,32946,32948],{"className":45,"code":32947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32949,32950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32951,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32953,4021],{"class":84},[52,32955,1888],{"class":66},[52,32957,8045],{"class":70},[52,32959,1888],{"class":66},[52,32961,318],{"class":84},[52,32963,9426],{"class":608},[52,32965,3757],{"class":84},[38,32967,11597],{"id":11596},[20,32969,32970],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[43,32972,32974],{"className":45,"code":32973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32975,32976,33030,33034,33048,33052,33062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32977,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33011,33013,33015,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32979,24922],{"class":58},[52,32981,63],{"class":62},[52,32983,10612],{"class":84},[52,32985,100],{"class":66},[52,32987,24931],{"class":70},[52,32989,100],{"class":66},[52,32991,174],{"class":84},[52,32993,67],{"class":66},[52,32995,24940],{"class":70},[52,32997,100],{"class":66},[52,32999,318],{"class":84},[52,33001,67],{"class":66},[52,33003,24949],{"class":70},[52,33005,100],{"class":66},[52,33007,174],{"class":84},[52,33009,33010],{"class":608}," 2022",[52,33012,318],{"class":84},[52,33014,67],{"class":66},[52,33016,33017],{"class":70},"color",[52,33019,100],{"class":66},[52,33021,174],{"class":84},[52,33023,67],{"class":66},[52,33025,13233],{"class":70},[52,33027,100],{"class":66},[52,33029,9429],{"class":84},[52,33031,33032],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33033,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33035,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33037,2346],{"class":58},[52,33039,63],{"class":62},[52,33041,24971],{"class":58},[52,33043,92],{"class":84},[52,33045,5482],{"class":88},[52,33047,8763],{"class":84},[52,33049,33050],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,33051,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33053,33054,33056,33058,33060],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,33055,81],{"class":80},[52,33057,85],{"class":84},[52,33059,2381],{"class":88},[52,33061,329],{"class":84},[52,33063,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,33065,81],{"class":80},[52,33067,85],{"class":84},[52,33069,8217],{"class":1929},[52,33071,85],{"class":84},[52,33073,2381],{"class":88},[52,33075,108],{"class":84},[20,33077,135],{},[43,33079,33081],{"className":45,"code":33080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33082,33083,33109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33084,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33086,17163],{"class":88},[52,33088,3103],{"class":84},[52,33090,1888],{"class":66},[52,33092,24940],{"class":70},[52,33094,1888],{"class":66},[52,33096,318],{"class":84},[52,33098,33010],{"class":608},[52,33100,318],{"class":84},[52,33102,3416],{"class":66},[52,33104,13233],{"class":70},[52,33106,1888],{"class":66},[52,33108,4009],{"class":84},[52,33110,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33112,4021],{"class":84},[52,33114,1888],{"class":66},[52,33116,24940],{"class":70},[52,33118,1888],{"class":66},[52,33120,318],{"class":84},[52,33122,33010],{"class":608},[52,33124,318],{"class":84},[52,33126,3416],{"class":66},[52,33128,13233],{"class":70},[52,33130,1888],{"class":66},[52,33132,3757],{"class":84},[20,33134,11806],{},[176,33136,33137,33143,33149,33157],{},[179,33138,33139,33142],{},[15,33140,33141],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[179,33144,33145,33148],{},[15,33146,33147],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[179,33150,33151,33154,33155,24744],{},[15,33152,33153],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33156,17163],{},[179,33158,33159,33162],{},[15,33160,33161],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[38,33164,33166],{"id":33165},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33168,33169,33170,26190],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33171,6081],{},[43,33173,33175],{"className":45,"code":33174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33176,33177,33221,33225,33241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33178,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33180,5187],{"class":58},[52,33182,63],{"class":62},[52,33184,10612],{"class":84},[52,33186,100],{"class":66},[52,33188,18542],{"class":70},[52,33190,100],{"class":66},[52,33192,174],{"class":84},[52,33194,20024],{"class":608},[52,33196,318],{"class":84},[52,33198,67],{"class":66},[52,33200,31278],{"class":70},[52,33202,100],{"class":66},[52,33204,174],{"class":84},[52,33206,13631],{"class":608},[52,33208,318],{"class":84},[52,33210,67],{"class":66},[52,33212,18551],{"class":70},[52,33214,100],{"class":66},[52,33216,174],{"class":84},[52,33218,29046],{"class":608},[52,33220,9429],{"class":84},[52,33222,33223],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33224,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33226,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33228,6081],{"class":761},[52,33230,21710],{"class":58},[52,33232,1638],{"class":761},[52,33234,5234],{"class":58},[52,33236,92],{"class":84},[52,33238,5482],{"class":88},[52,33240,21721],{"class":84},[52,33242,33243,33245,33247,33249],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,33244,784],{"class":80},[52,33246,85],{"class":84},[52,33248,2591],{"class":88},[52,33250,329],{"class":84},[20,33252,135],{},[43,33254,33256],{"className":45,"code":33255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33257,33258,33263,33268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33259,33260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33261,33262],{"class":608},"90\n",[52,33264,33265],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33266,33267],{"class":608},"85\n",[52,33269,33270],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33271,33272],{"class":608},"88\n",[20,33274,17835],{},[176,33276,33277,33280,33283],{},[179,33278,33279],{},"You only need the values",[179,33281,33282],{},"You do not care about the keys",[179,33284,33285],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33287,33288,33289,32,33293,92],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[289,33290,10859,33291,1441],{"href":17201},[15,33292,17204],{},[289,33294,22601],{"href":33295},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[38,33297,33299],{"id":33298},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33301,154,33302,33304],{},[15,33303,32867],{}," when you need a list.",[43,33306,33308],{"className":45,"code":33307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33309,33310,33356,33360,33380,33384,33395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33311,33312,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33348,33350,33352,33354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33313,33314],{"class":58},"fruit_prices ",[52,33316,63],{"class":62},[52,33318,10612],{"class":84},[52,33320,100],{"class":66},[52,33322,4199],{"class":70},[52,33324,100],{"class":66},[52,33326,174],{"class":84},[52,33328,3111],{"class":608},[52,33330,318],{"class":84},[52,33332,67],{"class":66},[52,33334,4208],{"class":70},[52,33336,100],{"class":66},[52,33338,174],{"class":84},[52,33340,5621],{"class":608},[52,33342,318],{"class":84},[52,33344,67],{"class":66},[52,33346,33347],{"class":70},"orange",[52,33349,100],{"class":66},[52,33351,174],{"class":84},[52,33353,609],{"class":608},[52,33355,9429],{"class":84},[52,33357,33358],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33359,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33361,33362,33365,33367,33369,33371,33374,33376,33378],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33363,33364],{"class":58},"price_list ",[52,33366,63],{"class":62},[52,33368,22686],{"class":1929},[52,33370,85],{"class":84},[52,33372,33373],{"class":88},"fruit_prices",[52,33375,92],{"class":84},[52,33377,5482],{"class":88},[52,33379,7317],{"class":84},[52,33381,33382],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,33383,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33385,33386,33388,33390,33393],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,33387,81],{"class":80},[52,33389,85],{"class":84},[52,33391,33392],{"class":88},"price_list",[52,33394,329],{"class":84},[52,33396,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,33398,81],{"class":80},[52,33400,85],{"class":84},[52,33402,33392],{"class":88},[52,33404,4021],{"class":84},[52,33406,2235],{"class":608},[52,33408,4009],{"class":84},[20,33410,135],{},[43,33412,33414],{"className":45,"code":33413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33415,33416,33432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33417,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33419,4021],{"class":84},[52,33421,2172],{"class":608},[52,33423,318],{"class":84},[52,33425,5621],{"class":608},[52,33427,318],{"class":84},[52,33429,609],{"class":608},[52,33431,3757],{"class":84},[52,33433,33434],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33435,17182],{"class":608},[20,33437,33438],{},"This is helpful for:",[176,33440,33441,33444,33447],{},[179,33442,33443],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[179,33445,33446],{},"Accessing values by index",[179,33448,33449],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33451,4046,33452,33454],{},[15,33453,17163],{}," is not the same as a list.",[38,33456,33458,10707,33460,10707,33462],{"id":33457},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33459,17197],{},[15,33461,17191],{},[15,33463,17204],{},[20,33465,33466],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[176,33468,33469,33474,33479],{},[179,33470,33471,33473],{},[15,33472,17197],{}," returns only the values",[179,33475,33476,33478],{},[15,33477,17191],{}," returns only the keys",[179,33480,33481,33483],{},[15,33482,17204],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33485,2241],{},[43,33487,33489],{"className":45,"code":33488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33490,33491,33527,33531,33545,33559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33492,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33494,12986],{"class":58},[52,33496,63],{"class":62},[52,33498,10612],{"class":84},[52,33500,100],{"class":66},[52,33502,459],{"class":70},[52,33504,100],{"class":66},[52,33506,174],{"class":84},[52,33508,67],{"class":66},[52,33510,13003],{"class":70},[52,33512,100],{"class":66},[52,33514,318],{"class":84},[52,33516,67],{"class":66},[52,33518,9419],{"class":70},[52,33520,100],{"class":66},[52,33522,174],{"class":84},[52,33524,7914],{"class":608},[52,33526,9429],{"class":84},[52,33528,33529],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33530,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33532,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33534,81],{"class":80},[52,33536,85],{"class":84},[52,33538,13750],{"class":88},[52,33540,92],{"class":84},[52,33542,17049],{"class":88},[52,33544,7317],{"class":84},[52,33546,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,33548,81],{"class":80},[52,33550,85],{"class":84},[52,33552,13750],{"class":88},[52,33554,92],{"class":84},[52,33556,5482],{"class":88},[52,33558,7317],{"class":84},[52,33560,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,33562,81],{"class":80},[52,33564,85],{"class":84},[52,33566,13750],{"class":88},[52,33568,92],{"class":84},[52,33570,7934],{"class":88},[52,33572,7317],{"class":84},[20,33574,135],{},[43,33576,33578],{"className":45,"code":33577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33579,33580,33602,33620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33581,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33583,17140],{"class":88},[52,33585,3103],{"class":84},[52,33587,1888],{"class":66},[52,33589,459],{"class":70},[52,33591,1888],{"class":66},[52,33593,318],{"class":84},[52,33595,3416],{"class":66},[52,33597,9419],{"class":70},[52,33599,1888],{"class":66},[52,33601,4009],{"class":84},[52,33603,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33605,17163],{"class":88},[52,33607,3103],{"class":84},[52,33609,1888],{"class":66},[52,33611,13003],{"class":70},[52,33613,1888],{"class":66},[52,33615,318],{"class":84},[52,33617,7914],{"class":608},[52,33619,4009],{"class":84},[52,33621,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33623,22034],{"class":88},[52,33625,9778],{"class":84},[52,33627,1888],{"class":66},[52,33629,459],{"class":70},[52,33631,1888],{"class":66},[52,33633,318],{"class":84},[52,33635,7914],{"class":608},[52,33637,10801],{"class":84},[20,33639,18820],{},[176,33641,33642,33649,33656],{},[179,33643,33644,33648],{},[289,33645,33646],{"href":17188},[15,33647,17191],{}," when you need just the keys",[179,33650,33651,33655],{},[289,33652,33653],{"href":17194},[15,33654,17197],{}," when you need just the values",[179,33657,33658,33662],{},[289,33659,33660],{"href":17201},[15,33661,17204],{}," when you need both",[38,33664,4640],{"id":4639},[20,33666,33667,33668,92],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33669,17197],{},[412,33671,29776,33673,33675],{"id":33672},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33674,17197],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33677,33678,33680],{},[15,33679,17197],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33682,16769],{},[43,33684,33686],{"className":45,"code":33685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33687,33688,33708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33689,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33691,8432],{"class":58},[52,33693,63],{"class":62},[52,33695,3744],{"class":84},[52,33697,3106],{"class":608},[52,33699,318],{"class":84},[52,33701,3111],{"class":608},[52,33703,318],{"class":84},[52,33705,609],{"class":608},[52,33707,3757],{"class":84},[52,33709,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33711,81],{"class":80},[52,33713,85],{"class":84},[52,33715,8463],{"class":88},[52,33717,92],{"class":84},[52,33719,5482],{"class":88},[52,33721,7317],{"class":84},[20,33723,33724,33725,33727],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33726,17197],{}," method.",[20,33729,33730],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[43,33732,33734],{"className":45,"code":33733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33735,33736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33737,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33739,81],{"class":80},[52,33741,85],{"class":84},[52,33743,1930],{"class":1929},[52,33745,85],{"class":84},[52,33747,8463],{"class":88},[52,33749,108],{"class":84},[20,33751,33752,33753,33755,33756,92],{},"If you get an ",[15,33754,25797],{},", see ",[289,33757,25805,33758,33760],{"href":25804},[15,33759,25808],{}," errors",[412,33762,4700,33764,33766],{"id":33763},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33765,17197],{}," returns a list",[20,33768,33769],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[43,33771,33773],{"className":45,"code":33772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33774,33775,33811,33825,33829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33776,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33778,12986],{"class":58},[52,33780,63],{"class":62},[52,33782,10612],{"class":84},[52,33784,100],{"class":66},[52,33786,459],{"class":70},[52,33788,100],{"class":66},[52,33790,174],{"class":84},[52,33792,67],{"class":66},[52,33794,13003],{"class":70},[52,33796,100],{"class":66},[52,33798,318],{"class":84},[52,33800,67],{"class":66},[52,33802,9419],{"class":70},[52,33804,100],{"class":66},[52,33806,174],{"class":84},[52,33808,7914],{"class":608},[52,33810,9429],{"class":84},[52,33812,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33814,3946],{"class":58},[52,33816,63],{"class":62},[52,33818,13029],{"class":58},[52,33820,92],{"class":84},[52,33822,5482],{"class":88},[52,33824,8763],{"class":84},[52,33826,33827],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33828,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33830,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,33832,81],{"class":80},[52,33834,85],{"class":84},[52,33836,1930],{"class":1929},[52,33838,85],{"class":84},[52,33840,5482],{"class":88},[52,33842,108],{"class":84},[20,33844,135],{},[43,33846,33848],{"className":45,"code":33847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33849,33850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33851,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33853,3410],{"class":62},[52,33855,3413],{"class":2180},[52,33857,3416],{"class":66},[52,33859,17163],{"class":70},[52,33861,1888],{"class":66},[52,33863,3423],{"class":62},[20,33865,5272,33866,33868],{},[15,33867,17163],{},", not a list.",[20,33870,33871],{},"If you need a list:",[43,33873,33875],{"className":45,"code":33874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33876,33877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33878,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33880,3946],{"class":58},[52,33882,63],{"class":62},[52,33884,22686],{"class":1929},[52,33886,85],{"class":84},[52,33888,13750],{"class":88},[52,33890,92],{"class":84},[52,33892,5482],{"class":88},[52,33894,7317],{"class":84},[412,33896,33898,33899],{"id":33897},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33900,17163],{},[20,33902,33903],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[43,33905,33907],{"className":45,"code":33906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33908,33909,33945,33959,33963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33910,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33912,12986],{"class":58},[52,33914,63],{"class":62},[52,33916,10612],{"class":84},[52,33918,100],{"class":66},[52,33920,459],{"class":70},[52,33922,100],{"class":66},[52,33924,174],{"class":84},[52,33926,67],{"class":66},[52,33928,13003],{"class":70},[52,33930,100],{"class":66},[52,33932,318],{"class":84},[52,33934,67],{"class":66},[52,33936,9419],{"class":70},[52,33938,100],{"class":66},[52,33940,174],{"class":84},[52,33942,7914],{"class":608},[52,33944,9429],{"class":84},[52,33946,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,33948,3946],{"class":58},[52,33950,63],{"class":62},[52,33952,13029],{"class":58},[52,33954,92],{"class":84},[52,33956,5482],{"class":88},[52,33958,8763],{"class":84},[52,33960,33961],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,33962,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,33964,33965],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,33966,33967],{"class":1479},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33969,33970],{},"Convert to a list first:",[43,33972,33974],{"className":45,"code":33973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33975,33976,34012,34030,34034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33977,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33979,12986],{"class":58},[52,33981,63],{"class":62},[52,33983,10612],{"class":84},[52,33985,100],{"class":66},[52,33987,459],{"class":70},[52,33989,100],{"class":66},[52,33991,174],{"class":84},[52,33993,67],{"class":66},[52,33995,13003],{"class":70},[52,33997,100],{"class":66},[52,33999,318],{"class":84},[52,34001,67],{"class":66},[52,34003,9419],{"class":70},[52,34005,100],{"class":66},[52,34007,174],{"class":84},[52,34009,7914],{"class":608},[52,34011,9429],{"class":84},[52,34013,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34015,3946],{"class":58},[52,34017,63],{"class":62},[52,34019,22686],{"class":1929},[52,34021,85],{"class":84},[52,34023,13750],{"class":88},[52,34025,92],{"class":84},[52,34027,5482],{"class":88},[52,34029,7317],{"class":84},[52,34031,34032],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,34033,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,34035,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,34037,81],{"class":80},[52,34039,85],{"class":84},[52,34041,5482],{"class":88},[52,34043,4021],{"class":84},[52,34045,2235],{"class":608},[52,34047,4009],{"class":84},[412,34049,1828,34051,11214,34053],{"id":34050},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34052,5482],{},[15,34054,17197],{},[20,34056,34057],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[43,34059,34061],{"className":45,"code":34060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34062,34063,34099,34103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34066,12986],{"class":58},[52,34068,63],{"class":62},[52,34070,10612],{"class":84},[52,34072,100],{"class":66},[52,34074,459],{"class":70},[52,34076,100],{"class":66},[52,34078,174],{"class":84},[52,34080,67],{"class":66},[52,34082,13003],{"class":70},[52,34084,100],{"class":66},[52,34086,318],{"class":84},[52,34088,67],{"class":66},[52,34090,9419],{"class":70},[52,34092,100],{"class":66},[52,34094,174],{"class":84},[52,34096,7914],{"class":608},[52,34098,9429],{"class":84},[52,34100,34101],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34102,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,34104,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,34106,81],{"class":80},[52,34108,85],{"class":84},[52,34110,13750],{"class":88},[52,34112,92],{"class":84},[52,34114,5482],{"class":1803},[52,34116,329],{"class":84},[20,34118,34119,34122],{},[15,34120,34121],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34124,18820],{},[43,34126,34128],{"className":45,"code":34127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34129,34130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34131,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34133,81],{"class":80},[52,34135,85],{"class":84},[52,34137,13750],{"class":88},[52,34139,92],{"class":84},[52,34141,5482],{"class":88},[52,34143,7317],{"class":84},[412,34145,34147],{"id":34146},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34149,34150],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[43,34152,34154],{"className":45,"code":34153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34155,34156,34188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34157,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34159,9286],{"class":58},[52,34161,63],{"class":62},[52,34163,10612],{"class":84},[52,34165,100],{"class":66},[52,34167,289],{"class":70},[52,34169,100],{"class":66},[52,34171,174],{"class":84},[52,34173,5621],{"class":608},[52,34175,318],{"class":84},[52,34177,67],{"class":66},[52,34179,4883],{"class":70},[52,34181,100],{"class":66},[52,34183,174],{"class":84},[52,34185,3111],{"class":608},[52,34187,9429],{"class":84},[52,34189,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34191,81],{"class":80},[52,34193,85],{"class":84},[52,34195,9325],{"class":88},[52,34197,92],{"class":84},[52,34199,5482],{"class":88},[52,34201,7317],{"class":84},[20,34203,34204],{},"Not like this:",[43,34206,34208],{"className":45,"code":34207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34209,34210,34215,34220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34211,34212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34213,34214],{"class":1479},"# Wrong examples:\n",[52,34216,34217],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34218,34219],{"class":1479},"# data().values()\n",[52,34221,34222],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,34223,34224],{"class":1479},"# values(data)\n",[20,34226,3460],{},[43,34228,34230],{"className":45,"code":34229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34231,34232,34246,34256,34270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34233,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242,34244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34235,81],{"class":80},[52,34237,85],{"class":84},[52,34239,1930],{"class":1929},[52,34241,85],{"class":84},[52,34243,11571],{"class":88},[52,34245,108],{"class":84},[52,34247,34248,34250,34252,34254],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34249,81],{"class":80},[52,34251,85],{"class":84},[52,34253,11571],{"class":88},[52,34255,329],{"class":84},[52,34257,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266,34268],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,34259,81],{"class":80},[52,34261,85],{"class":84},[52,34263,11571],{"class":88},[52,34265,92],{"class":84},[52,34267,5482],{"class":88},[52,34269,7317],{"class":84},[52,34271,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,34273,81],{"class":80},[52,34275,85],{"class":84},[52,34277,8217],{"class":1929},[52,34279,85],{"class":84},[52,34281,11571],{"class":88},[52,34283,92],{"class":84},[52,34285,5482],{"class":88},[52,34287,6413],{"class":84},[38,34289,1940],{"id":1939},[412,34291,5266,34293,5269],{"id":34292},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34294,32446],{},[20,34296,17546,34297,34299],{},[15,34298,17163],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[412,34301,1944,34303,24058],{"id":34302},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34304,17197],{},[20,34306,24061,34307,24065],{},[15,34308,34309],{},"list(...)",[412,34311,26182,34313,1993],{"id":34312},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34314,32446],{},[20,34316,34317,34318,26190],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34319,6081],{},[412,34321,1944,34323,34325],{"id":34322},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34324,32446],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34327,34328],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[412,34330,34332,34333,34335,34336,1993],{"id":34331},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34334,17197],{}," different from ",[15,34337,17204],{},[20,34339,34340,34342,34343,34345],{},[15,34341,17197],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34344,17204],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[38,34347,2005],{"id":2004},[176,34349,34350,34356,34362,34366,34372,34376],{},[179,34351,34352],{},[289,34353,10859,34354,1441],{"href":17188},[15,34355,17191],{},[179,34357,34358],{},[289,34359,10859,34360,1441],{"href":17201},[15,34361,17204],{},[179,34363,34364],{},[289,34365,11365],{"href":9511},[179,34367,34368],{},[289,34369,34371],{"href":34370},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[179,34373,34374],{},[289,34375,24143],{"href":33295},[179,34377,34378],{},[289,34379,30473,34380],{"href":25804},[15,34381,34382],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2035,34384,34385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":34387},[34388,34389,34391,34392,34394,34395,34396,34397,34399,34410,34422],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":32616,"depth":77,"text":34390},"What values() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":32686,"depth":77,"text":34393},"What values() returns",{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":33165,"depth":77,"text":33166},{"id":33298,"depth":77,"text":33299},{"id":33457,"depth":77,"text":34398},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":34400},[34401,34403,34405,34407,34409],{"id":33672,"depth":111,"text":34402},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33763,"depth":111,"text":34404},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33897,"depth":111,"text":34406},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34050,"depth":111,"text":34408},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34146,"depth":111,"text":34147},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":34411},[34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"id":34292,"depth":111,"text":34413},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34302,"depth":111,"text":34415},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34312,"depth":111,"text":34417},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34322,"depth":111,"text":34419},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34331,"depth":111,"text":34421},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32433,"description":34423},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34429,"title":34430,"body":34431,"description":35859,"extension":2078,"meta":35860,"navigation":221,"path":35861,"seo":35862,"stem":35863,"__hash__":35864},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34432,"toc":35811},[34433,34439,34444,34447,34463,34472,34474,34506,34512,34515,34609,34612,34617,34622,34625,34636,34638,34652,34658,34660,34665,34671,34674,34713,34721,34726,34729,34774,34777,34789,34795,34801,34805,34836,34839,34857,34860,34864,34903,34905,34925,34928,34940,34945,34951,34954,35009,35012,35023,35026,35037,35040,35044,35050,35052,35082,35085,35100,35103,35106,35125,35128,35144,35153,35155,35186,35192,35197,35200,35207,35238,35241,35263,35266,35269,35283,35287,35318,35333,35340,35347,35351,35359,35363,35371,35374,35423,35434,35436,35439,35445,35450,35460,35464,35467,35470,35474,35477,35479,35500,35504,35510,35521,35527,35529,35535,35559,35562,35625,35628,35656,35659,35721,35723,35728,35731,35738,35746,35753,35756,35764,35770,35772,35799,35808],[10,34434,3696,34436,3700],{"id":34435},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34437,34438],{},"dir()",[20,34440,32443,34441,34443],{},[15,34442,34438],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34445,34446],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[176,34448,34449,34452,34455,34460],{},[179,34450,34451],{},"learning Python",[179,34453,34454],{},"exploring a new object",[179,34456,34457,34458],{},"debugging an ",[15,34459,25797],{},[179,34461,34462],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34464,34465,34466,34468,34469],{},"In short, ",[15,34467,34438],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3865,34470,34471],{},"“What can I use here?”",[38,34473,41],{"id":40},[43,34475,34477],{"className":45,"code":34476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34478,34479,34491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34480,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34482,441],{"class":58},[52,34484,63],{"class":62},[52,34486,67],{"class":66},[52,34488,266],{"class":70},[52,34490,74],{"class":66},[52,34492,34493,34495,34497,34500,34502,34504],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34494,81],{"class":80},[52,34496,85],{"class":84},[52,34498,34499],{"class":80},"dir",[52,34501,85],{"class":84},[52,34503,459],{"class":88},[52,34505,108],{"class":84},[20,34507,154,34508,34511],{},[15,34509,34510],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34513,34514],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[43,34516,34518],{"className":45,"code":34517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34519,34520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34521,34522,34524,34526,34529,34531,34533,34535,34538,34540,34542,34544,34547,34549,34551,34553,34556,34558,34560,34562,34565,34567,34569,34571,34574,34576,34578,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589,34591,34593,34596,34598,34600,34602,34605,34607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34523,4021],{"class":84},[52,34525,1888],{"class":66},[52,34527,34528],{"class":70},"__add__",[52,34530,1888],{"class":66},[52,34532,318],{"class":84},[52,34534,3416],{"class":66},[52,34536,34537],{"class":70},"__class__",[52,34539,1888],{"class":66},[52,34541,318],{"class":84},[52,34543,3416],{"class":66},[52,34545,34546],{"class":70},"__contains__",[52,34548,1888],{"class":66},[52,34550,318],{"class":84},[52,34552,3416],{"class":66},[52,34554,34555],{"class":70},"__delattr__",[52,34557,1888],{"class":66},[52,34559,318],{"class":84},[52,34561,3416],{"class":66},[52,34563,34564],{"class":70},"__dir__",[52,34566,1888],{"class":66},[52,34568,318],{"class":84},[52,34570,3416],{"class":66},[52,34572,34573],{"class":70},"__doc__",[52,34575,1888],{"class":66},[52,34577,318],{"class":84},[52,34579,34580],{"class":841}," ...",[52,34582,318],{"class":84},[52,34584,3416],{"class":66},[52,34586,1238],{"class":70},[52,34588,1888],{"class":66},[52,34590,318],{"class":84},[52,34592,3416],{"class":66},[52,34594,34595],{"class":70},"split",[52,34597,1888],{"class":66},[52,34599,318],{"class":84},[52,34601,3416],{"class":66},[52,34603,34604],{"class":70},"upper",[52,34606,1888],{"class":66},[52,34608,3757],{"class":84},[20,34610,34611],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[38,34613,166,34615,169],{"id":34614},"what-dir-does",[15,34616,34438],{},[20,34618,34619,34621],{},[15,34620,34438],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34623,34624],{},"It usually includes:",[176,34626,34627,34630,34633],{},[179,34628,34629],{},"attributes",[179,34631,34632],{},"methods",[179,34634,34635],{},"special Python names",[20,34637,11580],{},[176,34639,34640,34646,34649],{},[179,34641,34642,34643],{},"The result is a ",[3865,34644,34645],{},"list of strings",[179,34647,34648],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[179,34650,34651],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34653,34654,34655,34657],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34656,34438],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[38,34659,296],{"id":295},[20,34661,34662,34664],{},[15,34663,34438],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[412,34666,34668,34670],{"id":34667},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34669,34438],{}," with no argument",[20,34672,34673],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[43,34675,34677],{"className":45,"code":34676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34678,34679,34687,34699,34703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34680,34681,34683,34685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34682,3144],{"class":58},[52,34684,63],{"class":62},[52,34686,2706],{"class":608},[52,34688,34689,34691,34693,34695,34697],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34690,441],{"class":58},[52,34692,63],{"class":62},[52,34694,67],{"class":66},[52,34696,7800],{"class":70},[52,34698,74],{"class":66},[52,34700,34701],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,34702,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,34704,34705,34707,34709,34711],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,34706,81],{"class":80},[52,34708,85],{"class":84},[52,34710,34499],{"class":80},[52,34712,7317],{"class":84},[20,34714,34715,34716,342,34718,34720],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34717,2289],{},[15,34719,459],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[412,34722,34724],{"id":34723},"dirobject",[15,34725,34510],{},[20,34727,34728],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[43,34730,34732],{"className":45,"code":34731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34733,34734,34752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34735,34736,34738,34740,34742,34744,34746,34748,34750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34737,81],{"class":80},[52,34739,85],{"class":84},[52,34741,34499],{"class":80},[52,34743,85],{"class":84},[52,34745,100],{"class":66},[52,34747,266],{"class":70},[52,34749,100],{"class":66},[52,34751,108],{"class":84},[52,34753,34754,34756,34758,34760,34762,34764,34766,34768,34770,34772],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34755,81],{"class":80},[52,34757,85],{"class":84},[52,34759,34499],{"class":80},[52,34761,3103],{"class":84},[52,34763,3106],{"class":608},[52,34765,318],{"class":84},[52,34767,3111],{"class":608},[52,34769,318],{"class":84},[52,34771,609],{"class":608},[52,34773,3118],{"class":84},[20,34775,34776],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[176,34778,34779,34781,34783,34786],{},[179,34780,5432],{},[179,34782,5423],{},[179,34784,34785],{},"modules",[179,34787,34788],{},"custom objects",[38,34790,1828,34792,34794],{"id":34791},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34793,34438],{}," with a value",[20,34796,34797,34798,34800],{},"A common use of ",[15,34799,34438],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[412,34802,34804],{"id":34803},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[43,34806,34808],{"className":45,"code":34807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34809,34810,34822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34811,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34813,207],{"class":58},[52,34815,63],{"class":62},[52,34817,67],{"class":66},[52,34819,266],{"class":70},[52,34821,74],{"class":66},[52,34823,34824,34826,34828,34830,34832,34834],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34825,81],{"class":80},[52,34827,85],{"class":84},[52,34829,34499],{"class":80},[52,34831,85],{"class":84},[52,34833,231],{"class":88},[52,34835,108],{"class":84},[20,34837,34838],{},"You will see method names like:",[176,34840,34841,34845,34849,34853],{},[179,34842,34843],{},[15,34844,1238],{},[179,34846,34847],{},[15,34848,34604],{},[179,34850,34851],{},[15,34852,34595],{},[179,34854,34855],{},[15,34856,8756],{},[20,34858,34859],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[412,34861,34863],{"id":34862},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[43,34865,34867],{"className":45,"code":34866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34868,34869,34889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34870,34871,34873,34875,34877,34879,34881,34883,34885,34887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34872,3739],{"class":58},[52,34874,63],{"class":62},[52,34876,3744],{"class":84},[52,34878,3106],{"class":608},[52,34880,318],{"class":84},[52,34882,3111],{"class":608},[52,34884,318],{"class":84},[52,34886,609],{"class":608},[52,34888,3757],{"class":84},[52,34890,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899,34901],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34892,81],{"class":80},[52,34894,85],{"class":84},[52,34896,34499],{"class":80},[52,34898,85],{"class":84},[52,34900,3771],{"class":88},[52,34902,108],{"class":84},[20,34904,34838],{},[176,34906,34907,34911,34915,34920],{},[179,34908,34909],{},[15,34910,13677],{},[179,34912,34913],{},[15,34914,26367],{},[179,34916,34917],{},[15,34918,34919],{},"remove",[179,34921,34922],{},[15,34923,34924],{},"sort",[20,34926,34927],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34929,34930,34931,34936,34937,34939],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[289,34932,34934],{"href":34933},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34935,2419],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34938,34438],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[38,34941,1828,34943,34670],{"id":34942},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34944,34438],{},[20,34946,34947,34948,34950],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34949,34438],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34952,34953],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[43,34955,34957],{"className":45,"code":34956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34958,34959,34968,34972,34983,34995,34999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34960,34961,34963,34965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34962,3144],{"class":58},[52,34964,63],{"class":62},[52,34966,34967],{"class":608}," 5\n",[52,34969,34970],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,34971,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,34973,34974,34977,34981],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,34975,34976],{"class":2180},"def",[52,34978,34980],{"class":34979},"sGLFI"," greet",[52,34982,21721],{"class":84},[52,34984,34985,34988,34990,34993],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,34986,34987],{"class":761},"    return",[52,34989,67],{"class":66},[52,34991,34992],{"class":70},"Hello",[52,34994,74],{"class":66},[52,34996,34997],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,34998,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35000,35001,35003,35005,35007],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,35002,81],{"class":80},[52,35004,85],{"class":84},[52,35006,34499],{"class":80},[52,35008,7317],{"class":84},[20,35010,35011],{},"The output will include names like:",[176,35013,35014,35018],{},[179,35015,35016],{},[15,35017,2289],{},[179,35019,35020],{},[15,35021,35022],{},"greet",[20,35024,35025],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[176,35027,35028,35031,35034],{},[179,35029,35030],{},"what variables exist",[179,35032,35033],{},"what functions you have defined",[179,35035,35036],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35038,35039],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[38,35041,35043],{"id":35042},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35045,35046,35047,35049],{},"When you first use ",[15,35048,34438],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35051,197],{},[43,35053,35054],{"className":45,"code":34807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35055,35056,35068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35057,35058,35060,35062,35064,35066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35059,207],{"class":58},[52,35061,63],{"class":62},[52,35063,67],{"class":66},[52,35065,266],{"class":70},[52,35067,74],{"class":66},[52,35069,35070,35072,35074,35076,35078,35080],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35071,81],{"class":80},[52,35073,85],{"class":84},[52,35075,34499],{"class":80},[52,35077,85],{"class":84},[52,35079,231],{"class":88},[52,35081,108],{"class":84},[20,35083,35084],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[176,35086,35087,35091,35095],{},[179,35088,35089],{},[15,35090,34537],{},[179,35092,35093],{},[15,35094,34573],{},[179,35096,35097],{},[15,35098,35099],{},"__len__",[20,35101,35102],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35104,35105],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[176,35107,35108,35112,35116,35120],{},[179,35109,35110],{},[15,35111,34604],{},[179,35113,35114],{},[15,35115,1238],{},[179,35117,35118],{},[15,35119,34595],{},[179,35121,35122],{},[15,35123,35124],{},"replace",[20,35126,35127],{},"A key point to remember:",[176,35129,35130,35138],{},[179,35131,35132,35134,35135],{},[15,35133,34438],{}," lists ",[3865,35136,35137],{},"names only",[179,35139,35140,35141,35143],{},"it does ",[3865,35142,4752],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35145,35146,35147,92],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[289,35148,35150],{"href":35149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35151,35152],{},"help()",[20,35154,5595],{},[43,35156,35158],{"className":45,"code":35157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35159,35160,35172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35161,35162,35164,35166,35168,35170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35163,441],{"class":58},[52,35165,63],{"class":62},[52,35167,67],{"class":66},[52,35169,266],{"class":70},[52,35171,74],{"class":66},[52,35173,35174,35176,35178,35180,35182,35184],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35175,32278],{"class":80},[52,35177,85],{"class":84},[52,35179,459],{"class":88},[52,35181,92],{"class":84},[52,35183,34604],{"class":1803},[52,35185,329],{"class":84},[38,35187,35189,35191],{"id":35188},"dir-on-modules",[15,35190,34438],{}," on modules",[20,35193,15839,35194,35196],{},[15,35195,34438],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35198,35199],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[412,35201,35203,35204,35206],{"id":35202},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35205,18542],{}," module",[43,35208,35210],{"className":45,"code":35209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35211,35212,35220,35224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35213,35214,35217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35215,35216],{"class":761},"import",[52,35218,35219],{"class":58}," math\n",[52,35221,35222],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35223,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35225,35226,35228,35230,35232,35234,35236],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35227,81],{"class":80},[52,35229,85],{"class":84},[52,35231,34499],{"class":80},[52,35233,85],{"class":84},[52,35235,18542],{"class":88},[52,35237,108],{"class":84},[20,35239,35240],{},"You may see names like:",[176,35242,35243,35248,35253,35258],{},[179,35244,35245],{},[15,35246,35247],{},"sqrt",[179,35249,35250],{},[15,35251,35252],{},"ceil",[179,35254,35255],{},[15,35256,35257],{},"floor",[179,35259,35260],{},[15,35261,35262],{},"pi",[20,35264,35265],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35267,35268],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[176,35270,35271,35277],{},[179,35272,35273],{},[289,35274,35276],{"href":35275},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[179,35278,35279],{},[289,35280,35282],{"href":35281},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[412,35284,35286],{"id":35285},"another-example","Another example",[43,35288,35290],{"className":45,"code":35289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35291,35292,35299,35303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35293,35294,35296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35295,35216],{"class":761},[52,35297,35298],{"class":58}," json\n",[52,35300,35301],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35302,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35304,35305,35307,35309,35311,35313,35316],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35306,81],{"class":80},[52,35308,85],{"class":84},[52,35310,34499],{"class":80},[52,35312,85],{"class":84},[52,35314,35315],{"class":88},"json",[52,35317,108],{"class":84},[20,35319,35320,35321,2305,35324,2305,35327,17198,35330,92],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35322,35323],{},"dump",[15,35325,35326],{},"dumps",[15,35328,35329],{},"load",[15,35331,35332],{},"loads",[38,35334,35336,10707,35338],{"id":35335},"dir-vs-help",[15,35337,34438],{},[15,35339,35152],{},[20,35341,35342,342,35344,35346],{},[15,35343,34438],{},[15,35345,35152],{}," are often used together.",[412,35348,35349],{"id":34499},[15,35350,34438],{},[176,35352,35353,35356],{},[179,35354,35355],{},"shows available names",[179,35357,35358],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[412,35360,35361],{"id":32278},[15,35362,35152],{},[176,35364,35365,35368],{},[179,35366,35367],{},"explains what an object or function does",[179,35369,35370],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35372,35373],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[43,35375,35377],{"className":45,"code":35376,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35378,35379,35391,35395,35409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35380,35381,35383,35385,35387,35389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35382,441],{"class":58},[52,35384,63],{"class":62},[52,35386,67],{"class":66},[52,35388,266],{"class":70},[52,35390,74],{"class":66},[52,35392,35393],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35394,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35396,35397,35399,35401,35403,35405,35407],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35398,81],{"class":80},[52,35400,85],{"class":84},[52,35402,34499],{"class":80},[52,35404,85],{"class":84},[52,35406,459],{"class":88},[52,35408,108],{"class":84},[52,35410,35411,35413,35415,35417,35419,35421],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,35412,32278],{"class":80},[52,35414,85],{"class":84},[52,35416,459],{"class":88},[52,35418,92],{"class":84},[52,35420,34604],{"class":1803},[52,35422,329],{"class":84},[20,35424,154,35425,35427,35428,35430,35431,35433],{},[15,35426,34438],{}," first to find a method name.",[9967,35429],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35432,35152],{}," to understand how to use it.",[38,35435,25484],{"id":25483},[20,35437,35438],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[412,35440,35442,35444],{"id":35441},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35443,34438],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35446,35447,35449],{},[15,35448,34438],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35451,35452,35453,35455,35456,35459],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35454,34604],{}," in ",[15,35457,35458],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[412,35461,35463],{"id":35462},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35465,35466],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35468,35469],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[412,35471,35473],{"id":35472},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35475,35476],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35478,5595],{},[176,35480,35481,35486,35492],{},[179,35482,35483,35485],{},[15,35484,35458],{}," shows string-related names",[179,35487,35488,35491],{},[15,35489,35490],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[179,35493,35494,35497,35498,35206],{},[15,35495,35496],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35499,18542],{},[412,35501,35503],{"id":35502},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35505,35506,35507,35509],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35508,34438],{}," does not mean you already know:",[176,35511,35512,35515,35518],{},[179,35513,35514],{},"what it does",[179,35516,35517],{},"what arguments it needs",[179,35519,35520],{},"what it returns",[20,35522,35523,35524,35526],{},"That is why ",[15,35525,35152],{}," is the natural next step.",[38,35528,1445],{"id":1444},[20,35530,35531,35532,35534],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35533,34438],{}," in these situations:",[176,35536,35537,35540,35549,35552],{},[179,35538,35539],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[179,35541,35542,35543,35548],{},"Seeing an ",[289,35544,35546],{"href":35545},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35547,25797],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[179,35550,35551],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[179,35553,1828,35554,35556,35557],{},[15,35555,34438],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35558,35152],{},[20,35560,35561],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[43,35563,35565],{"className":45,"code":35564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35566,35567,35579,35583,35597,35611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35568,35569,35571,35573,35575,35577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35570,441],{"class":58},[52,35572,63],{"class":62},[52,35574,67],{"class":66},[52,35576,266],{"class":70},[52,35578,74],{"class":66},[52,35580,35581],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35582,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35584,35585,35587,35589,35591,35593,35595],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35586,81],{"class":80},[52,35588,85],{"class":84},[52,35590,1930],{"class":1929},[52,35592,85],{"class":84},[52,35594,459],{"class":88},[52,35596,108],{"class":84},[52,35598,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,35600,81],{"class":80},[52,35602,85],{"class":84},[52,35604,34499],{"class":80},[52,35606,85],{"class":84},[52,35608,459],{"class":88},[52,35610,108],{"class":84},[52,35612,35613,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,35614,32278],{"class":80},[52,35616,85],{"class":84},[52,35618,459],{"class":88},[52,35620,92],{"class":84},[52,35622,34604],{"class":1803},[52,35624,329],{"class":84},[20,35626,35627],{},"And for modules:",[43,35629,35630],{"className":45,"code":35209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35631,35632,35638,35642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35633,35634,35636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35635,35216],{"class":761},[52,35637,35219],{"class":58},[52,35639,35640],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35641,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35643,35644,35646,35648,35650,35652,35654],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35645,81],{"class":80},[52,35647,85],{"class":84},[52,35649,34499],{"class":80},[52,35651,85],{"class":84},[52,35653,18542],{"class":88},[52,35655,108],{"class":84},[20,35657,35658],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[43,35660,35662],{"className":45,"code":35661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35663,35664,35669,35681,35691,35705,35711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35665,35666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35667,35668],{"class":58},"python\n",[52,35670,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35672,441],{"class":58},[52,35674,63],{"class":62},[52,35676,67],{"class":66},[52,35678,266],{"class":70},[52,35680,74],{"class":66},[52,35682,35683,35685,35687,35689],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35684,34499],{"class":80},[52,35686,85],{"class":84},[52,35688,459],{"class":88},[52,35690,329],{"class":84},[52,35692,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,35694,32278],{"class":80},[52,35696,85],{"class":84},[52,35698,459],{"class":88},[52,35700,92],{"class":84},[52,35702,34604],{"class":1803},[52,35704,329],{"class":84},[52,35706,35707,35709],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,35708,35216],{"class":761},[52,35710,35219],{"class":58},[52,35712,35713,35715,35717,35719],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,35714,34499],{"class":80},[52,35716,85],{"class":84},[52,35718,18542],{"class":88},[52,35720,329],{"class":84},[38,35722,1940],{"id":1939},[412,35724,5266,35726,5269],{"id":35725},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35727,34438],{},[20,35729,35730],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[412,35732,1987,35734,342,35736,1993],{"id":35733},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35735,34438],{},[15,35737,35152],{},[20,35739,35740,35742,35743,35745],{},[15,35741,34438],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35744,35152],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[412,35747,35749,35750,35752],{"id":35748},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35751,34438],{}," output?",[20,35754,35755],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[412,35757,1958,35759,35761,35762,1993],{"id":35758},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35760,34438],{}," help fix ",[15,35763,25797],{},[20,35765,35766,35767,92],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[289,35768,35769],{"href":35545},"object has no attribute",[38,35771,2005],{"id":2004},[176,35773,35774,35780,35785,35789,35793],{},[179,35775,35776],{},[289,35777,3696,35778,3629],{"href":35149},[15,35779,35152],{},[179,35781,35782],{},[289,35783,35784],{"href":35545},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[179,35786,35787],{},[289,35788,35276],{"href":35275},[179,35790,35791],{},[289,35792,35282],{"href":35281},[179,35794,35795],{},[289,35796,3696,35797,3629],{"href":34933},[15,35798,2419],{},[20,35800,35801,35802,35804,35805,35807],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35803,34438],{}," together with ",[15,35806,35152],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2035,35809,35810],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":35812},[35813,35814,35816,35821,35826,35828,35829,35835,35840,35847,35848,35858],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":34614,"depth":77,"text":35815},"What dir() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":35817},[35818,35820],{"id":34667,"depth":111,"text":35819},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34723,"depth":111,"text":34510},{"id":34791,"depth":77,"text":35822,"children":35823},"Using dir() with a value",[35824,35825],{"id":34803,"depth":111,"text":34804},{"id":34862,"depth":111,"text":34863},{"id":34942,"depth":77,"text":35827},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35042,"depth":77,"text":35043},{"id":35188,"depth":77,"text":35830,"children":35831},"dir() on modules",[35832,35834],{"id":35202,"depth":111,"text":35833},"Example: math module",{"id":35285,"depth":111,"text":35286},{"id":35335,"depth":77,"text":35836,"children":35837},"dir() vs help()",[35838,35839],{"id":34499,"depth":111,"text":34438},{"id":32278,"depth":111,"text":35152},{"id":25483,"depth":77,"text":25484,"children":35841},[35842,35844,35845,35846],{"id":35441,"depth":111,"text":35843},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35462,"depth":111,"text":35463},{"id":35472,"depth":111,"text":35473},{"id":35502,"depth":111,"text":35503},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":35849},[35850,35852,35854,35856],{"id":35725,"depth":111,"text":35851},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35733,"depth":111,"text":35853},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35748,"depth":111,"text":35855},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35758,"depth":111,"text":35857},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34430,"description":35859},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35866,"title":35867,"body":35868,"description":37685,"extension":2078,"meta":37686,"navigation":221,"path":37687,"seo":37688,"stem":37689,"__hash__":37690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35869,"toc":37654},[35870,35876,35881,35884,35892,35898,35900,35980,35982,36008,36013,36018,36023,36026,36037,36040,36042,36121,36123,36149,36156,36158,36160,36184,36187,36199,36204,36206,36287,36289,36315,36324,36329,36337,36343,36350,36353,36355,36434,36437,36494,36496,36533,36539,36544,36549,36552,36566,36568,36671,36673,36716,36725,36735,36742,36748,36755,36838,36840,36863,36866,36869,36871,36875,36879,36882,36945,36968,36971,36975,36981,36983,37050,37053,37130,37135,37141,37144,37147,37193,37195,37219,37224,37228,37233,37239,37302,37305,37307,37310,37334,37337,37472,37474,37575,37577,37582,37585,37591,37601,37609,37614,37620,37626,37628,37651],[10,35871,3696,35873,3700],{"id":35872},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35874,35875],{},"enumerate()",[20,35877,35878,35880],{},[15,35879,35875],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35882,35883],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[176,35885,35886,35889],{},[179,35887,35888],{},"the item itself",[179,35890,35891],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35893,35894,35895,35897],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35896,35875],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[38,35899,41],{"id":40},[43,35901,35903],{"className":45,"code":35902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35904,35905,35937,35941,35964],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35906,35907,35909,35911,35913,35915,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35908,13199],{"class":58},[52,35910,63],{"class":62},[52,35912,3744],{"class":84},[52,35914,100],{"class":66},[52,35916,13216],{"class":70},[52,35918,100],{"class":66},[52,35920,318],{"class":84},[52,35922,67],{"class":66},[52,35924,17580],{"class":70},[52,35926,100],{"class":66},[52,35928,318],{"class":84},[52,35930,67],{"class":66},[52,35932,13233],{"class":70},[52,35934,100],{"class":66},[52,35936,3757],{"class":84},[52,35938,35939],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35940,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,35942,35943,35945,35948,35950,35953,35955,35958,35960,35962],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,35944,6081],{"class":761},[52,35946,35947],{"class":58}," index",[52,35949,318],{"class":84},[52,35951,35952],{"class":58}," color ",[52,35954,1638],{"class":761},[52,35956,35957],{"class":80}," enumerate",[52,35959,85],{"class":84},[52,35961,17627],{"class":88},[52,35963,779],{"class":84},[52,35965,35966,35968,35970,35973,35975,35978],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,35967,784],{"class":80},[52,35969,85],{"class":84},[52,35971,35972],{"class":88},"index",[52,35974,318],{"class":84},[52,35976,35977],{"class":88}," color",[52,35979,329],{"class":84},[20,35981,135],{},[43,35983,35985],{"className":45,"code":35984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35986,35987,35994,36001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35988,35989,35991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35990,2235],{"class":608},[52,35992,35993],{"class":58}," red\n",[52,35995,35996,35998],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,35997,3106],{"class":608},[52,35999,36000],{"class":58}," green\n",[52,36002,36003,36005],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36004,2172],{"class":608},[52,36006,36007],{"class":58}," blue\n",[20,36009,154,36010,36012],{},[15,36011,35875],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[38,36014,166,36016,169],{"id":36015},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36017,35875],{},[20,36019,36020,36022],{},[15,36021,35875],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36024,36025],{},"It is commonly used with:",[176,36027,36028,36030,36032,36034],{},[179,36029,5423],{},[179,36031,5426],{},[179,36033,5432],{},[179,36035,36036],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36038,36039],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36041,197],{},[43,36043,36045],{"className":45,"code":36044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36046,36047,36081,36085,36106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36048,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36068,36070,36072,36074,36077,36079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36050,5118],{"class":58},[52,36052,63],{"class":62},[52,36054,3744],{"class":84},[52,36056,100],{"class":66},[52,36058,13003],{"class":70},[52,36060,100],{"class":66},[52,36062,318],{"class":84},[52,36064,67],{"class":66},[52,36066,36067],{"class":70},"Ben",[52,36069,100],{"class":66},[52,36071,318],{"class":84},[52,36073,67],{"class":66},[52,36075,36076],{"class":70},"Cara",[52,36078,100],{"class":66},[52,36080,3757],{"class":84},[52,36082,36083],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36084,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36086,36087,36089,36091,36093,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36088,6081],{"class":761},[52,36090,35947],{"class":58},[52,36092,318],{"class":84},[52,36094,36095],{"class":58}," name ",[52,36097,1638],{"class":761},[52,36099,35957],{"class":80},[52,36101,85],{"class":84},[52,36103,5162],{"class":88},[52,36105,779],{"class":84},[52,36107,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116,36119],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36109,784],{"class":80},[52,36111,85],{"class":84},[52,36113,35972],{"class":88},[52,36115,318],{"class":84},[52,36117,36118],{"class":88}," name",[52,36120,329],{"class":84},[20,36122,135],{},[43,36124,36126],{"className":45,"code":36125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36127,36128,36135,36142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36129,36130,36132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36131,2235],{"class":608},[52,36133,36134],{"class":58}," Ana\n",[52,36136,36137,36139],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36138,3106],{"class":608},[52,36140,36141],{"class":58}," Ben\n",[52,36143,36144,36146],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36145,2172],{"class":608},[52,36147,36148],{"class":58}," Cara\n",[20,36150,36151,36152,92],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[289,36153,36155],{"href":36154},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[38,36157,296],{"id":295},[20,36159,2275],{},[43,36161,36163],{"className":45,"code":36162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36164,36165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36166,36167,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36168,36169],{"class":80},"enumerate",[52,36171,85],{"class":84},[52,36173,3842],{"class":88},[52,36175,318],{"class":84},[52,36177,321],{"class":9296},[52,36179,63],{"class":62},[52,36181,2235],{"class":608},[52,36183,329],{"class":84},[20,36185,36186],{},"It has two parts:",[176,36188,36189,36194],{},[179,36190,36191,36193],{},[15,36192,3842],{},": the object you want to loop through",[179,36195,36196,36198],{},[15,36197,341],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,36200,36201,36202,92],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36203,2235],{},[20,36205,197],{},[43,36207,36209],{"className":45,"code":36208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36210,36211,36244,36248,36271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36212,36213,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36214,36215],{"class":58},"letters ",[52,36217,63],{"class":62},[52,36219,3744],{"class":84},[52,36221,100],{"class":66},[52,36223,289],{"class":70},[52,36225,100],{"class":66},[52,36227,318],{"class":84},[52,36229,67],{"class":66},[52,36231,4883],{"class":70},[52,36233,100],{"class":66},[52,36235,318],{"class":84},[52,36237,67],{"class":66},[52,36239,9860],{"class":70},[52,36241,100],{"class":66},[52,36243,3757],{"class":84},[52,36245,36246],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36247,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36249,36250,36252,36255,36257,36260,36262,36264,36266,36269],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36251,6081],{"class":761},[52,36253,36254],{"class":58}," i",[52,36256,318],{"class":84},[52,36258,36259],{"class":58}," letter ",[52,36261,1638],{"class":761},[52,36263,35957],{"class":80},[52,36265,85],{"class":84},[52,36267,36268],{"class":88},"letters",[52,36270,779],{"class":84},[52,36272,36273,36275,36277,36280,36282,36285],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36274,784],{"class":80},[52,36276,85],{"class":84},[52,36278,36279],{"class":88},"i",[52,36281,318],{"class":84},[52,36283,36284],{"class":88}," letter",[52,36286,329],{"class":84},[20,36288,135],{},[43,36290,36292],{"className":45,"code":36291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36293,36294,36301,36308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36295,36296,36298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36297,2235],{"class":608},[52,36299,36300],{"class":58}," a\n",[52,36302,36303,36305],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36304,3106],{"class":608},[52,36306,36307],{"class":58}," b\n",[52,36309,36310,36312],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36311,2172],{"class":608},[52,36313,36314],{"class":58}," c\n",[20,36316,36317,36318,92],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[289,36319,3696,36321,3629],{"href":36320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36322,36323],{},"range()",[38,36325,166,36327,11828],{"id":36326},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36328,35875],{},[20,36330,36331,36333,36334,92],{},[15,36332,35875],{}," returns an ",[3865,36335,36336],{},"enumerate object",[20,36338,36339,36340,36342],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36341,6081],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[176,36344,36345],{},[179,36346,36347],{},[15,36348,36349],{},"(index, item)",[20,36351,36352],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36354,197],{},[43,36356,36358],{"className":45,"code":36357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36359,36360,36393,36397,36419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36361,36362,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36363,36364],{"class":58},"fruits ",[52,36366,63],{"class":62},[52,36368,3744],{"class":84},[52,36370,100],{"class":66},[52,36372,4199],{"class":70},[52,36374,100],{"class":66},[52,36376,318],{"class":84},[52,36378,67],{"class":66},[52,36380,4208],{"class":70},[52,36382,100],{"class":66},[52,36384,318],{"class":84},[52,36386,67],{"class":66},[52,36388,33347],{"class":70},[52,36390,100],{"class":66},[52,36392,3757],{"class":84},[52,36394,36395],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36396,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36398,36399,36401,36403,36405,36408,36410,36412,36414,36417],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36400,6081],{"class":761},[52,36402,35947],{"class":58},[52,36404,318],{"class":84},[52,36406,36407],{"class":58}," fruit ",[52,36409,1638],{"class":761},[52,36411,35957],{"class":80},[52,36413,85],{"class":84},[52,36415,36416],{"class":88},"fruits",[52,36418,779],{"class":84},[52,36420,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36432],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36422,784],{"class":80},[52,36424,85],{"class":84},[52,36426,35972],{"class":88},[52,36428,318],{"class":84},[52,36430,36431],{"class":88}," fruit",[52,36433,329],{"class":84},[20,36435,36436],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[43,36438,36440],{"className":45,"code":36439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36441,36442,36462,36466,36484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36443,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36445,3739],{"class":58},[52,36447,63],{"class":62},[52,36449,3744],{"class":84},[52,36451,2448],{"class":608},[52,36453,318],{"class":84},[52,36455,7914],{"class":608},[52,36457,318],{"class":84},[52,36459,7919],{"class":608},[52,36461,3757],{"class":84},[52,36463,36464],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36465,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36467,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36469,2346],{"class":58},[52,36471,63],{"class":62},[52,36473,22686],{"class":1929},[52,36475,85],{"class":84},[52,36477,36169],{"class":80},[52,36479,85],{"class":84},[52,36481,3771],{"class":88},[52,36483,108],{"class":84},[52,36485,36486,36488,36490,36492],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36487,81],{"class":80},[52,36489,85],{"class":84},[52,36491,2381],{"class":88},[52,36493,329],{"class":84},[20,36495,135],{},[43,36497,36499],{"className":45,"code":36498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36500,36501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36502,36503,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36504,21866],{"class":84},[52,36506,2235],{"class":608},[52,36508,318],{"class":84},[52,36510,688],{"class":608},[52,36512,9354],{"class":84},[52,36514,1370],{"class":84},[52,36516,3106],{"class":608},[52,36518,318],{"class":84},[52,36520,7914],{"class":608},[52,36522,9354],{"class":84},[52,36524,1370],{"class":84},[52,36526,2172],{"class":608},[52,36528,318],{"class":84},[52,36530,7919],{"class":608},[52,36532,9369],{"class":84},[20,36534,36535,36536,36538],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36537,35875],{}," produces.",[38,36540,5084,36542],{"id":36541},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36543,35875],{},[20,36545,154,36546,36548],{},[15,36547,35875],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36550,36551],{},"Common cases:",[176,36553,36554,36557,36560,36563],{},[179,36555,36556],{},"printing numbered output",[179,36558,36559],{},"building menus",[179,36561,36562],{},"showing positions in a list",[179,36564,36565],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36567,197],{},[43,36569,36571],{"className":45,"code":36570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36572,36573,36608,36612,36642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36574,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36586,36588,36590,36592,36595,36597,36599,36601,36604,36606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36576,30024],{"class":58},[52,36578,63],{"class":62},[52,36580,3744],{"class":84},[52,36582,100],{"class":66},[52,36584,36585],{"class":70},"Wash dishes",[52,36587,100],{"class":66},[52,36589,318],{"class":84},[52,36591,67],{"class":66},[52,36593,36594],{"class":70},"Study Python",[52,36596,100],{"class":66},[52,36598,318],{"class":84},[52,36600,67],{"class":66},[52,36602,36603],{"class":70},"Go for a walk",[52,36605,100],{"class":66},[52,36607,3757],{"class":84},[52,36609,36610],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36611,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36613,36614,36616,36618,36620,36623,36625,36627,36629,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36615,6081],{"class":761},[52,36617,2313],{"class":58},[52,36619,318],{"class":84},[52,36621,36622],{"class":58}," task ",[52,36624,1638],{"class":761},[52,36626,35957],{"class":80},[52,36628,85],{"class":84},[52,36630,36631],{"class":88},"tasks",[52,36633,318],{"class":84},[52,36635,321],{"class":9296},[52,36637,63],{"class":62},[52,36639,3106],{"class":608},[52,36641,779],{"class":84},[52,36643,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662,36665,36667,36669],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36645,784],{"class":80},[52,36647,85],{"class":84},[52,36649,22420],{"class":2180},[52,36651,100],{"class":70},[52,36653,9398],{"class":608},[52,36655,2356],{"class":88},[52,36657,22429],{"class":608},[52,36659,28439],{"class":70},[52,36661,9398],{"class":608},[52,36663,36664],{"class":88},"task",[52,36666,22429],{"class":608},[52,36668,100],{"class":70},[52,36670,329],{"class":84},[20,36672,135],{},[43,36674,36676],{"className":45,"code":36675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36677,36678,36690,36702],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36679,36680,36682,36684,36687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36681,3106],{"class":608},[52,36683,92],{"class":84},[52,36685,36686],{"class":1803}," Wash",[52,36688,36689],{"class":58}," dishes\n",[52,36691,36692,36694,36696,36699],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36693,2172],{"class":608},[52,36695,92],{"class":84},[52,36697,36698],{"class":1803}," Study",[52,36700,36701],{"class":58}," Python\n",[52,36703,36704,36706,36708,36711,36713],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36705,627],{"class":608},[52,36707,92],{"class":84},[52,36709,36710],{"class":1803}," Go",[52,36712,3998],{"class":761},[52,36714,36715],{"class":58}," a walk\n",[20,36717,36718,36719,36721,36722,92],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36720,35875],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36723,36724],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36726,36727,36728,92],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[289,36729,36731,36732,36734],{"href":36730},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36733,35875],{}," in Python",[38,36736,36738,36739,36741],{"id":36737},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36740,341],{}," argument",[20,36743,36744,36745,36747],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36746,341],{}," argument.",[20,36749,36750,36751,11214,36753,174],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36752,3106],{},[15,36754,2235],{},[43,36756,36758],{"className":45,"code":36757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36759,36760,36792,36796,36824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36761,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36763,13199],{"class":58},[52,36765,63],{"class":62},[52,36767,3744],{"class":84},[52,36769,100],{"class":66},[52,36771,13216],{"class":70},[52,36773,100],{"class":66},[52,36775,318],{"class":84},[52,36777,67],{"class":66},[52,36779,17580],{"class":70},[52,36781,100],{"class":66},[52,36783,318],{"class":84},[52,36785,67],{"class":66},[52,36787,13233],{"class":70},[52,36789,100],{"class":66},[52,36791,3757],{"class":84},[52,36793,36794],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36795,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36797,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36799,6081],{"class":761},[52,36801,35947],{"class":58},[52,36803,318],{"class":84},[52,36805,35952],{"class":58},[52,36807,1638],{"class":761},[52,36809,35957],{"class":80},[52,36811,85],{"class":84},[52,36813,17627],{"class":88},[52,36815,318],{"class":84},[52,36817,321],{"class":9296},[52,36819,63],{"class":62},[52,36821,3106],{"class":608},[52,36823,779],{"class":84},[52,36825,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36827,784],{"class":80},[52,36829,85],{"class":84},[52,36831,35972],{"class":88},[52,36833,318],{"class":84},[52,36835,35977],{"class":88},[52,36837,329],{"class":84},[20,36839,135],{},[43,36841,36843],{"className":45,"code":36842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36844,36845,36851,36857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36846,36847,36849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36848,3106],{"class":608},[52,36850,35993],{"class":58},[52,36852,36853,36855],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36854,2172],{"class":608},[52,36856,36000],{"class":58},[52,36858,36859,36861],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36860,627],{"class":608},[52,36862,36007],{"class":58},[20,36864,36865],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36867,36868],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[38,36870,25484],{"id":25483},[20,36872,25487,36873,92],{},[15,36874,35875],{},[412,36876,36878],{"id":36877},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36880,36881],{},"In this loop:",[43,36883,36885],{"className":45,"code":36884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36886,36887,36907,36911,36931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36888,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36890,3739],{"class":58},[52,36892,63],{"class":62},[52,36894,3744],{"class":84},[52,36896,2448],{"class":608},[52,36898,318],{"class":84},[52,36900,7914],{"class":608},[52,36902,318],{"class":84},[52,36904,7919],{"class":608},[52,36906,3757],{"class":84},[52,36908,36909],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,36910,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,36912,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,36914,6081],{"class":761},[52,36916,35947],{"class":58},[52,36918,318],{"class":84},[52,36920,21710],{"class":58},[52,36922,1638],{"class":761},[52,36924,35957],{"class":80},[52,36926,85],{"class":84},[52,36928,3771],{"class":88},[52,36930,779],{"class":84},[52,36932,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,36934,784],{"class":80},[52,36936,85],{"class":84},[52,36938,35972],{"class":88},[52,36940,318],{"class":84},[52,36942,8556],{"class":88},[52,36944,329],{"class":84},[176,36946,36947,36957],{},[179,36948,36949,4906,36951,2305,36953,2305,36955],{},[15,36950,35972],{},[15,36952,2235],{},[15,36954,3106],{},[15,36956,2172],{},[179,36958,36959,4906,36961,2305,36963,2305,36965],{},[15,36960,2591],{},[15,36962,2448],{},[15,36964,15879],{},[15,36966,36967],{},"30",[20,36969,36970],{},"These are different things.",[412,36972,36974],{"id":36973},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36976,36977,36978,36980],{},"Each item from ",[15,36979,35875],{}," is a pair.",[20,36982,6812],{},[43,36984,36986],{"className":45,"code":36985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36987,36988,37012,37016,37036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36989,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36991,7903],{"class":58},[52,36993,63],{"class":62},[52,36995,3744],{"class":84},[52,36997,100],{"class":66},[52,36999,2289],{"class":70},[52,37001,100],{"class":66},[52,37003,318],{"class":84},[52,37005,67],{"class":66},[52,37007,11868],{"class":70},[52,37009,100],{"class":66},[52,37011,3757],{"class":84},[52,37013,37014],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37015,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,37017,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37019,6081],{"class":761},[52,37021,36254],{"class":58},[52,37023,318],{"class":84},[52,37025,6084],{"class":58},[52,37027,1638],{"class":761},[52,37029,35957],{"class":80},[52,37031,85],{"class":84},[52,37033,7934],{"class":88},[52,37035,779],{"class":84},[52,37037,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,37039,784],{"class":80},[52,37041,85],{"class":84},[52,37043,36279],{"class":88},[52,37045,318],{"class":84},[52,37047,29633],{"class":88},[52,37049,329],{"class":84},[20,37051,37052],{},"But this causes an error:",[43,37054,37056],{"className":45,"code":37055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37057,37058,37082,37086,37111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37059,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37061,7903],{"class":58},[52,37063,63],{"class":62},[52,37065,3744],{"class":84},[52,37067,100],{"class":66},[52,37069,2289],{"class":70},[52,37071,100],{"class":66},[52,37073,318],{"class":84},[52,37075,67],{"class":66},[52,37077,11868],{"class":70},[52,37079,100],{"class":66},[52,37081,3757],{"class":84},[52,37083,37084],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37085,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,37087,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37089,6081],{"class":761},[52,37091,36254],{"class":58},[52,37093,318],{"class":84},[52,37095,29633],{"class":58},[52,37097,318],{"class":84},[52,37099,37100],{"class":58}," extra ",[52,37102,1638],{"class":761},[52,37104,35957],{"class":80},[52,37106,85],{"class":84},[52,37108,7934],{"class":88},[52,37110,779],{"class":84},[52,37112,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125,37128],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,37114,784],{"class":80},[52,37116,85],{"class":84},[52,37118,36279],{"class":88},[52,37120,318],{"class":84},[52,37122,29633],{"class":88},[52,37124,318],{"class":84},[52,37126,37127],{"class":88}," extra",[52,37129,329],{"class":84},[20,37131,29187,37132,37134],{},[15,37133,35875],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[412,37136,37138,37140],{"id":37137},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37139,35875],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37142,37143],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37145,37146],{},"Example with a string:",[43,37148,37150],{"className":45,"code":37149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37151,37152,37178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37153,37154,37156,37158,37160,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37174,37176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37155,6081],{"class":761},[52,37157,35947],{"class":58},[52,37159,318],{"class":84},[52,37161,37162],{"class":58}," char ",[52,37164,1638],{"class":761},[52,37166,35957],{"class":80},[52,37168,85],{"class":84},[52,37170,100],{"class":66},[52,37172,37173],{"class":70},"cat",[52,37175,100],{"class":66},[52,37177,779],{"class":84},[52,37179,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37191],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37181,784],{"class":80},[52,37183,85],{"class":84},[52,37185,35972],{"class":88},[52,37187,318],{"class":84},[52,37189,37190],{"class":88}," char",[52,37192,329],{"class":84},[20,37194,135],{},[43,37196,37198],{"className":45,"code":37197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37199,37200,37206,37212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37201,37202,37204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37203,2235],{"class":608},[52,37205,36314],{"class":58},[52,37207,37208,37210],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37209,3106],{"class":608},[52,37211,36300],{"class":58},[52,37213,37214,37216],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37215,2172],{"class":608},[52,37217,37218],{"class":58}," t\n",[20,37220,37221,37222,92],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[289,37223,5260],{"href":5709},[412,37225,37227],{"id":37226},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37229,37230,37231,92],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37232,35875],{},[20,37234,37235,37236,37238],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37237,6081],{}," loop:",[43,37240,37242],{"className":45,"code":37241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37243,37244,37276,37280,37292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37245,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37247,13199],{"class":58},[52,37249,63],{"class":62},[52,37251,3744],{"class":84},[52,37253,100],{"class":66},[52,37255,13216],{"class":70},[52,37257,100],{"class":66},[52,37259,318],{"class":84},[52,37261,67],{"class":66},[52,37263,17580],{"class":70},[52,37265,100],{"class":66},[52,37267,318],{"class":84},[52,37269,67],{"class":66},[52,37271,13233],{"class":70},[52,37273,100],{"class":66},[52,37275,3757],{"class":84},[52,37277,37278],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37279,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,37281,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37283,6081],{"class":761},[52,37285,35952],{"class":58},[52,37287,1638],{"class":761},[52,37289,13247],{"class":58},[52,37291,804],{"class":84},[52,37293,37294,37296,37298,37300],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,37295,784],{"class":80},[52,37297,85],{"class":84},[52,37299,33017],{"class":88},[52,37301,329],{"class":84},[20,37303,37304],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[38,37306,1445],{"id":1444},[20,37308,37309],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[176,37311,37312,37317,37323,37328],{},[179,37313,23227,37314,37316],{},[15,37315,35875],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[179,37318,37319,37320,37322],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37321,2235],{}," by default",[179,37324,1828,37325,37327],{},[15,37326,35875],{}," when only values are needed",[179,37329,1632,37330,1635,37332],{},[15,37331,35875],{},[15,37333,36323],{},[20,37335,37336],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[43,37338,37340],{"className":45,"code":37339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37341,37342,37364,37391,37425,37458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37343,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37345,81],{"class":80},[52,37347,85],{"class":84},[52,37349,36169],{"class":80},[52,37351,3103],{"class":84},[52,37353,2448],{"class":608},[52,37355,318],{"class":84},[52,37357,7914],{"class":608},[52,37359,318],{"class":84},[52,37361,7919],{"class":608},[52,37363,3118],{"class":84},[52,37365,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37367,81],{"class":80},[52,37369,85],{"class":84},[52,37371,8217],{"class":1929},[52,37373,85],{"class":84},[52,37375,36169],{"class":80},[52,37377,3103],{"class":84},[52,37379,2448],{"class":608},[52,37381,318],{"class":84},[52,37383,7914],{"class":608},[52,37385,318],{"class":84},[52,37387,7919],{"class":608},[52,37389,37390],{"class":84},"])))\n",[52,37392,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37394,81],{"class":80},[52,37396,85],{"class":84},[52,37398,8217],{"class":1929},[52,37400,85],{"class":84},[52,37402,36169],{"class":80},[52,37404,3103],{"class":84},[52,37406,2448],{"class":608},[52,37408,318],{"class":84},[52,37410,7914],{"class":608},[52,37412,318],{"class":84},[52,37414,7919],{"class":608},[52,37416,18187],{"class":84},[52,37418,321],{"class":9296},[52,37420,63],{"class":62},[52,37422,3106],{"class":608},[52,37424,546],{"class":84},[52,37426,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,37428,6081],{"class":761},[52,37430,36254],{"class":58},[52,37432,318],{"class":84},[52,37434,21710],{"class":58},[52,37436,1638],{"class":761},[52,37438,35957],{"class":80},[52,37440,3103],{"class":84},[52,37442,1888],{"class":66},[52,37444,289],{"class":70},[52,37446,1888],{"class":66},[52,37448,318],{"class":84},[52,37450,3416],{"class":66},[52,37452,4883],{"class":70},[52,37454,1888],{"class":66},[52,37456,37457],{"class":84},"]):\n",[52,37459,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,37461,784],{"class":80},[52,37463,85],{"class":84},[52,37465,36279],{"class":88},[52,37467,318],{"class":84},[52,37469,8556],{"class":88},[52,37471,329],{"class":84},[20,37473,17084],{},[43,37475,37477],{"className":45,"code":37476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37478,37479,37499,37531,37563,37569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37490,37494,37497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37482,3410],{"class":62},[52,37484,36169],{"class":80},[52,37486,24744],{"class":1929},[52,37488,37489],{"class":58}," at ",[52,37491,37493],{"class":37492},"srjyR","0x",[52,37495,37496],{"class":841},"...",[52,37498,3423],{"class":62},[52,37500,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37502,21866],{"class":84},[52,37504,2235],{"class":608},[52,37506,318],{"class":84},[52,37508,688],{"class":608},[52,37510,9354],{"class":84},[52,37512,1370],{"class":84},[52,37514,3106],{"class":608},[52,37516,318],{"class":84},[52,37518,7914],{"class":608},[52,37520,9354],{"class":84},[52,37522,1370],{"class":84},[52,37524,2172],{"class":608},[52,37526,318],{"class":84},[52,37528,7919],{"class":608},[52,37530,9369],{"class":84},[52,37532,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37534,21866],{"class":84},[52,37536,3106],{"class":608},[52,37538,318],{"class":84},[52,37540,688],{"class":608},[52,37542,9354],{"class":84},[52,37544,1370],{"class":84},[52,37546,2172],{"class":608},[52,37548,318],{"class":84},[52,37550,7914],{"class":608},[52,37552,9354],{"class":84},[52,37554,1370],{"class":84},[52,37556,627],{"class":608},[52,37558,318],{"class":84},[52,37560,7919],{"class":608},[52,37562,9369],{"class":84},[52,37564,37565,37567],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,37566,2235],{"class":608},[52,37568,36300],{"class":58},[52,37570,37571,37573],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,37572,3106],{"class":608},[52,37574,36307],{"class":58},[38,37576,1940],{"id":1939},[412,37578,5266,37580,5269],{"id":37579},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37581,35875],{},[20,37583,37584],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[412,37586,1944,37588,37590],{"id":37587},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37589,35875],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37592,37593,37594,37596,37597,37600],{},"It starts at ",[15,37595,2235],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37598,37599],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[412,37602,21546,37604,11214,37606,1993],{"id":37603},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37605,35875],{},[15,37607,37608],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37610,36718,37611,37613],{},[15,37612,35875],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[412,37615,1958,37617,37619],{"id":37616},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37618,35875],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37621,37622,37623,37625],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37624,35875],{}," can return each character with its index.",[38,37627,2005],{"id":2004},[176,37629,37630,37634,37640,37647],{},[179,37631,37632],{},[289,37633,36155],{"href":36154},[179,37635,37636],{},[289,37637,3696,37638,3629],{"href":36320},[15,37639,36323],{},[179,37641,37642],{},[289,37643,37644,37645,36734],{"href":36730},"How to use ",[15,37646,35875],{},[179,37648,37649],{},[289,37650,5339],{"href":5709},[2035,37652,37653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":37655},[37656,37657,37659,37660,37662,37664,37666,37673,37674,37684],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":36015,"depth":77,"text":37658},"What enumerate() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":36326,"depth":77,"text":37661},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36541,"depth":77,"text":37663},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36737,"depth":77,"text":37665},"Using the start argument",{"id":25483,"depth":77,"text":25484,"children":37667},[37668,37669,37670,37672],{"id":36877,"depth":111,"text":36878},{"id":36973,"depth":111,"text":36974},{"id":37137,"depth":111,"text":37671},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37226,"depth":111,"text":37227},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":37675},[37676,37678,37680,37682],{"id":37579,"depth":111,"text":37677},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37587,"depth":111,"text":37679},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37603,"depth":111,"text":37681},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37616,"depth":111,"text":37683},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35867,"description":37685},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37692,"title":37693,"body":37694,"description":40209,"extension":2078,"meta":40210,"navigation":221,"path":40211,"seo":40212,"stem":40213,"__hash__":40214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37695,"toc":40166},[37696,37702,37707,37710,37718,37732,37734,37825,37833,37838,37843,37845,37861,37863,37942,37944,37961,37967,37971,37973,37994,37998,38001,38013,38017,38020,38023,38040,38043,38119,38121,38138,38143,38147,38155,38158,38173,38175,38264,38266,38311,38314,38318,38321,38400,38402,38424,38427,38434,38439,38442,38545,38547,38572,38575,38582,38588,38593,38596,38607,38713,38715,38736,38744,38751,38757,38776,38781,38784,38803,38805,38890,38892,38921,38924,38929,38934,38937,38948,38950,39039,39041,39061,39067,39173,39175,39195,39198,39282,39284,39304,39311,39313,39317,39323,39326,39383,39386,39388,39449,39458,39461,39464,39492,39495,39555,39557,39574,39578,39581,39659,39661,39681,39684,39759,39763,39766,39768,39777,39782,39784,39835,39843,39855,39860,39921,39923,39940,39944,40007,40009,40034,40042,40044,40050,40056,40063,40071,40077,40080,40087,40097,40103,40109,40112,40129,40135,40137,40163],[10,37697,3696,37699,3700],{"id":37698},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37700,37701],{},"filter()",[20,37703,37704,37706],{},[15,37705,37701],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37708,37709],{},"It takes:",[176,37711,37712,37715],{},[179,37713,37714],{},"a function that checks each item",[179,37716,37717],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37719,37720,37721,37724,37725,37728,37729,37731],{},"The result is ",[3865,37722,37723],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37726,37727],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37730,24907],{}," to see the values.",[38,37733,41],{"id":40},[43,37735,37737],{"className":45,"code":37736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37738,37739,37772,37808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37740,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37742,3739],{"class":58},[52,37744,63],{"class":62},[52,37746,3744],{"class":84},[52,37748,3106],{"class":608},[52,37750,318],{"class":84},[52,37752,3111],{"class":608},[52,37754,318],{"class":84},[52,37756,609],{"class":608},[52,37758,318],{"class":84},[52,37760,2575],{"class":608},[52,37762,318],{"class":84},[52,37764,4726],{"class":608},[52,37766,318],{"class":84},[52,37768,37769],{"class":608}," 6",[52,37771,3757],{"class":84},[52,37773,37774,37776,37778,37781,37783,37786,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37775,2346],{"class":58},[52,37777,63],{"class":62},[52,37779,37780],{"class":80}," filter",[52,37782,85],{"class":84},[52,37784,37785],{"class":2180},"lambda",[52,37787,37789],{"class":37788},"sFwrP"," x",[52,37791,174],{"class":84},[52,37793,4001],{"class":88},[52,37795,6526],{"class":62},[52,37797,3111],{"class":608},[52,37799,6531],{"class":62},[52,37801,683],{"class":608},[52,37803,318],{"class":84},[52,37805,4384],{"class":88},[52,37807,329],{"class":84},[52,37809,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37811,81],{"class":80},[52,37813,85],{"class":84},[52,37815,8217],{"class":1929},[52,37817,85],{"class":84},[52,37819,2381],{"class":88},[52,37821,5485],{"class":84},[52,37823,37824],{"class":1479},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37826,37827,37829,37830,37832],{},[15,37828,37701],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37831,24907],{}," to see the results.",[38,37834,166,37836,169],{"id":37835},"what-filter-does",[15,37837,37701],{},[20,37839,37840,37842],{},[15,37841,37701],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37844,2222],{},[176,37846,37847,37850,37856],{},[179,37848,37849],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[179,37851,37852,37853,37855],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37854,31],{},", the item is kept",[179,37857,37852,37858,37860],{},[15,37859,35],{},", the item is removed",[20,37862,197],{},[43,37864,37866],{"className":45,"code":37865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37867,37868,37896,37900,37928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37869,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37871,3739],{"class":58},[52,37873,63],{"class":62},[52,37875,3744],{"class":84},[52,37877,3106],{"class":608},[52,37879,318],{"class":84},[52,37881,3111],{"class":608},[52,37883,318],{"class":84},[52,37885,609],{"class":608},[52,37887,318],{"class":84},[52,37889,2575],{"class":608},[52,37891,318],{"class":84},[52,37893,4726],{"class":608},[52,37895,3757],{"class":84},[52,37897,37898],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,37899,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,37901,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,37903,2346],{"class":58},[52,37905,63],{"class":62},[52,37907,37780],{"class":80},[52,37909,85],{"class":84},[52,37911,37785],{"class":2180},[52,37913,37789],{"class":37788},[52,37915,174],{"class":84},[52,37917,4001],{"class":88},[52,37919,4373],{"class":62},[52,37921,609],{"class":608},[52,37923,318],{"class":84},[52,37925,4384],{"class":88},[52,37927,329],{"class":84},[52,37929,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,37931,81],{"class":80},[52,37933,85],{"class":84},[52,37935,8217],{"class":1929},[52,37937,85],{"class":84},[52,37939,2381],{"class":88},[52,37941,108],{"class":84},[20,37943,135],{},[43,37945,37947],{"className":45,"code":37946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37948,37949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37950,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37952,4021],{"class":84},[52,37954,2623],{"class":608},[52,37956,318],{"class":84},[52,37958,4726],{"class":608},[52,37960,3757],{"class":84},[20,37962,37963,37964,37966],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37965,627],{}," are kept.",[38,37968,37970],{"id":37969},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37972,2275],{},[43,37974,37976],{"className":45,"code":37975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37977,37978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37979,37980,37982,37984,37987,37989,37992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37981,37727],{"class":80},[52,37983,85],{"class":84},[52,37985,37986],{"class":88},"function",[52,37988,318],{"class":84},[52,37990,37991],{"class":88}," iterable",[52,37993,329],{"class":84},[412,37995,37996],{"id":37986},[15,37997,37986],{},[20,37999,38000],{},"This is the test function.",[176,38002,38003,38006],{},[179,38004,38005],{},"It receives one item at a time",[179,38007,38008,38009,32,38011],{},"It should return ",[15,38010,31],{},[15,38012,35],{},[412,38014,38015],{"id":3842},[15,38016,3842],{},[20,38018,38019],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38021,38022],{},"It can be:",[176,38024,38025,38028,38031,38034,38037],{},[179,38026,38027],{},"a list",[179,38029,38030],{},"a tuple",[179,38032,38033],{},"a string",[179,38035,38036],{},"a set",[179,38038,38039],{},"another iterable object",[20,38041,38042],{},"Example with a tuple:",[43,38044,38046],{"className":45,"code":38045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38047,38048,38073,38077,38105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38049,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058,38060,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38051,3739],{"class":58},[52,38053,63],{"class":62},[52,38055,1370],{"class":84},[52,38057,2448],{"class":608},[52,38059,318],{"class":84},[52,38061,38062],{"class":608}," 15",[52,38064,318],{"class":84},[52,38066,7914],{"class":608},[52,38068,318],{"class":84},[52,38070,9426],{"class":608},[52,38072,329],{"class":84},[52,38074,38075],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38076,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38078,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38080,2346],{"class":58},[52,38082,63],{"class":62},[52,38084,37780],{"class":80},[52,38086,85],{"class":84},[52,38088,37785],{"class":2180},[52,38090,37789],{"class":37788},[52,38092,174],{"class":84},[52,38094,4001],{"class":88},[52,38096,5222],{"class":62},[52,38098,7914],{"class":608},[52,38100,318],{"class":84},[52,38102,4384],{"class":88},[52,38104,329],{"class":84},[52,38106,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,38108,81],{"class":80},[52,38110,85],{"class":84},[52,38112,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38114,85],{"class":84},[52,38116,2381],{"class":88},[52,38118,108],{"class":84},[20,38120,135],{},[43,38122,38124],{"className":45,"code":38123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38125,38126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38127,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38129,4021],{"class":84},[52,38131,15879],{"class":608},[52,38133,318],{"class":84},[52,38135,9426],{"class":608},[52,38137,3757],{"class":84},[20,38139,38140,38141,92],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[289,38142,5260],{"href":5709},[38,38144,38146],{"id":38145},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38148,38149,38150,22101,38152,92],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38151,37701],{},[3865,38153,38154],{},"filter object",[20,38156,38157],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[176,38159,38160,38163,38168],{},[179,38161,38162],{},"loop through it",[179,38164,38165,38166],{},"convert it with ",[15,38167,24907],{},[179,38169,38165,38170],{},[15,38171,38172],{},"tuple()",[20,38174,197],{},[43,38176,38178],{"className":45,"code":38177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38179,38180,38222,38226,38236,38250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38181,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38183,2346],{"class":58},[52,38185,63],{"class":62},[52,38187,37780],{"class":80},[52,38189,85],{"class":84},[52,38191,37785],{"class":2180},[52,38193,37789],{"class":37788},[52,38195,174],{"class":84},[52,38197,4001],{"class":88},[52,38199,4373],{"class":62},[52,38201,3111],{"class":608},[52,38203,318],{"class":84},[52,38205,3744],{"class":84},[52,38207,3106],{"class":608},[52,38209,318],{"class":84},[52,38211,3111],{"class":608},[52,38213,318],{"class":84},[52,38215,609],{"class":608},[52,38217,318],{"class":84},[52,38219,2575],{"class":608},[52,38221,4009],{"class":84},[52,38223,38224],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38225,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38227,38228,38230,38232,38234],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38229,81],{"class":80},[52,38231,85],{"class":84},[52,38233,2381],{"class":88},[52,38235,329],{"class":84},[52,38237,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,38239,81],{"class":80},[52,38241,85],{"class":84},[52,38243,1930],{"class":1929},[52,38245,85],{"class":84},[52,38247,2381],{"class":88},[52,38249,108],{"class":84},[52,38251,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,38253,81],{"class":80},[52,38255,85],{"class":84},[52,38257,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38259,85],{"class":84},[52,38261,2381],{"class":88},[52,38263,108],{"class":84},[20,38265,135],{},[43,38267,38269],{"className":45,"code":38268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38270,38271,38285,38299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38272,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38274,3410],{"class":62},[52,38276,37727],{"class":80},[52,38278,24744],{"class":1929},[52,38280,37489],{"class":58},[52,38282,37496],{"class":841},[52,38284,3423],{"class":62},[52,38286,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38288,3410],{"class":62},[52,38290,3413],{"class":2180},[52,38292,3416],{"class":66},[52,38294,37727],{"class":70},[52,38296,1888],{"class":66},[52,38298,3423],{"class":62},[52,38300,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38302,4021],{"class":84},[52,38304,627],{"class":608},[52,38306,318],{"class":84},[52,38308,2575],{"class":608},[52,38310,3757],{"class":84},[20,38312,38313],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[412,38315,38317],{"id":38316},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38319,38320],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[43,38322,38324],{"className":45,"code":38323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38325,38326,38368,38372,38386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38327,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38329,2346],{"class":58},[52,38331,63],{"class":62},[52,38333,37780],{"class":80},[52,38335,85],{"class":84},[52,38337,37785],{"class":2180},[52,38339,37789],{"class":37788},[52,38341,174],{"class":84},[52,38343,4001],{"class":88},[52,38345,4373],{"class":62},[52,38347,3111],{"class":608},[52,38349,318],{"class":84},[52,38351,3744],{"class":84},[52,38353,3106],{"class":608},[52,38355,318],{"class":84},[52,38357,3111],{"class":608},[52,38359,318],{"class":84},[52,38361,609],{"class":608},[52,38363,318],{"class":84},[52,38365,2575],{"class":608},[52,38367,4009],{"class":84},[52,38369,38370],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38371,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38373,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38375,81],{"class":80},[52,38377,85],{"class":84},[52,38379,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38381,85],{"class":84},[52,38383,2381],{"class":88},[52,38385,108],{"class":84},[52,38387,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,38389,81],{"class":80},[52,38391,85],{"class":84},[52,38393,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38395,85],{"class":84},[52,38397,2381],{"class":88},[52,38399,108],{"class":84},[20,38401,135],{},[43,38403,38405],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38406,38407,38419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38408,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38410,4021],{"class":84},[52,38412,627],{"class":608},[52,38414,318],{"class":84},[52,38416,2575],{"class":608},[52,38418,3757],{"class":84},[52,38420,38421],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38422,38423],{"class":84},"[]\n",[20,38425,38426],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[38,38428,1828,38430,1635,38432],{"id":38429},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38431,37701],{},[15,38433,37785],{},[20,38435,15313,38436,38438],{},[15,38437,37785],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38440,38441],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[43,38443,38445],{"className":45,"code":38444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38446,38447,38489,38493,38531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38448,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38485,38487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38450,4190],{"class":58},[52,38452,63],{"class":62},[52,38454,3744],{"class":84},[52,38456,100],{"class":66},[52,38458,4199],{"class":70},[52,38460,100],{"class":66},[52,38462,318],{"class":84},[52,38464,67],{"class":66},[52,38466,38467],{"class":70},"kiwi",[52,38469,100],{"class":66},[52,38471,318],{"class":84},[52,38473,67],{"class":66},[52,38475,4208],{"class":70},[52,38477,100],{"class":66},[52,38479,318],{"class":84},[52,38481,67],{"class":66},[52,38483,38484],{"class":70},"fig",[52,38486,100],{"class":66},[52,38488,3757],{"class":84},[52,38490,38491],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38492,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38494,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38508,38510,38513,38515,38518,38520,38523,38525,38527,38529],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38496,2346],{"class":58},[52,38498,63],{"class":62},[52,38500,37780],{"class":80},[52,38502,85],{"class":84},[52,38504,37785],{"class":2180},[52,38506,38507],{"class":37788}," word",[52,38509,174],{"class":84},[52,38511,38512],{"class":80}," len",[52,38514,85],{"class":84},[52,38516,38517],{"class":88},"word",[52,38519,3784],{"class":84},[52,38521,38522],{"class":62}," >",[52,38524,2575],{"class":608},[52,38526,318],{"class":84},[52,38528,6291],{"class":88},[52,38530,329],{"class":84},[52,38532,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,38534,81],{"class":80},[52,38536,85],{"class":84},[52,38538,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38540,85],{"class":84},[52,38542,2381],{"class":88},[52,38544,108],{"class":84},[20,38546,135],{},[43,38548,38550],{"className":45,"code":38549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38551,38552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38553,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38555,4021],{"class":84},[52,38557,1888],{"class":66},[52,38559,4199],{"class":70},[52,38561,1888],{"class":66},[52,38563,318],{"class":84},[52,38565,3416],{"class":66},[52,38567,4208],{"class":70},[52,38569,1888],{"class":66},[52,38571,3757],{"class":84},[20,38573,38574],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38576,38577,38578,92],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[289,38579,38581],{"href":38580},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[38,38583,1828,38585,38587],{"id":38584},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38586,37701],{}," with a named function",[20,38589,38590,38591,92],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38592,37785],{},[20,38594,38595],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[176,38597,38598,38601,38604],{},[179,38599,38600],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[179,38602,38603],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[179,38605,38606],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[43,38608,38610],{"className":45,"code":38609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38611,38612,38625,38640,38644,38676,38695,38699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38613,38614,38616,38619,38621,38623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38615,34976],{"class":2180},[52,38617,38618],{"class":34979}," is_even",[52,38620,85],{"class":84},[52,38622,2356],{"class":37788},[52,38624,779],{"class":84},[52,38626,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38628,34987],{"class":761},[52,38630,6510],{"class":58},[52,38632,6526],{"class":62},[52,38634,3111],{"class":608},[52,38636,6531],{"class":62},[52,38638,38639],{"class":608}," 0\n",[52,38641,38642],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38643,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38645,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,38647,3739],{"class":58},[52,38649,63],{"class":62},[52,38651,3744],{"class":84},[52,38653,3106],{"class":608},[52,38655,318],{"class":84},[52,38657,3111],{"class":608},[52,38659,318],{"class":84},[52,38661,609],{"class":608},[52,38663,318],{"class":84},[52,38665,2575],{"class":608},[52,38667,318],{"class":84},[52,38669,4726],{"class":608},[52,38671,318],{"class":84},[52,38673,37769],{"class":608},[52,38675,3757],{"class":84},[52,38677,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38689,38691,38693],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,38679,2346],{"class":58},[52,38681,63],{"class":62},[52,38683,37780],{"class":80},[52,38685,85],{"class":84},[52,38687,38688],{"class":88},"is_even",[52,38690,318],{"class":84},[52,38692,4384],{"class":88},[52,38694,329],{"class":84},[52,38696,38697],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,38698,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38700,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,38702,81],{"class":80},[52,38704,85],{"class":84},[52,38706,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38708,85],{"class":84},[52,38710,2381],{"class":88},[52,38712,108],{"class":84},[20,38714,135],{},[43,38716,38718],{"className":45,"code":38717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38719,38720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38721,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38723,4021],{"class":84},[52,38725,2172],{"class":608},[52,38727,318],{"class":84},[52,38729,2575],{"class":608},[52,38731,318],{"class":84},[52,38733,37769],{"class":608},[52,38735,3757],{"class":84},[20,38737,20897,38738,2515,38741,38743],{},[15,38739,38740],{},"is_even()",[15,38742,31],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[38,38745,1828,38747,1635,38749],{"id":38746},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38748,3901],{},[15,38750,37701],{},[20,38752,38753,38754,38756],{},"You can pass ",[15,38755,3901],{}," as the first argument:",[43,38758,38760],{"className":45,"code":38759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38761,38762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38763,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38765,37727],{"class":80},[52,38767,85],{"class":84},[52,38769,3901],{"class":145},[52,38771,318],{"class":84},[52,38773,37991],{"class":88},[52,38775,329],{"class":84},[20,38777,38778,38779,7463],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3865,38780,5719],{},[20,38782,38783],{},"Falsy values include:",[176,38785,38786,38790,38795,38799],{},[179,38787,38788],{},[15,38789,2235],{},[179,38791,38792,38794],{},[15,38793,3896],{}," (empty string)",[179,38796,38797],{},[15,38798,3901],{},[179,38800,38801],{},[15,38802,35],{},[20,38804,197],{},[43,38806,38808],{"className":45,"code":38807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38809,38810,38854,38858,38876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38811,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38813,7903],{"class":58},[52,38815,63],{"class":62},[52,38817,3744],{"class":84},[52,38819,2235],{"class":608},[52,38821,318],{"class":84},[52,38823,5621],{"class":608},[52,38825,318],{"class":84},[52,38827,6249],{"class":66},[52,38829,318],{"class":84},[52,38831,67],{"class":66},[52,38833,266],{"class":70},[52,38835,100],{"class":66},[52,38837,318],{"class":84},[52,38839,3974],{"class":145},[52,38841,318],{"class":84},[52,38843,4037],{"class":145},[52,38845,318],{"class":84},[52,38847,4028],{"class":145},[52,38849,318],{"class":84},[52,38851,4726],{"class":608},[52,38853,3757],{"class":84},[52,38855,38856],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38857,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,38859,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,38861,2346],{"class":58},[52,38863,63],{"class":62},[52,38865,37780],{"class":80},[52,38867,85],{"class":84},[52,38869,3901],{"class":145},[52,38871,318],{"class":84},[52,38873,6089],{"class":88},[52,38875,329],{"class":84},[52,38877,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,38879,81],{"class":80},[52,38881,85],{"class":84},[52,38883,8217],{"class":1929},[52,38885,85],{"class":84},[52,38887,2381],{"class":88},[52,38889,108],{"class":84},[20,38891,135],{},[43,38893,38895],{"className":45,"code":38894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38896,38897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38898,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38900,4021],{"class":84},[52,38902,3106],{"class":608},[52,38904,318],{"class":84},[52,38906,3416],{"class":66},[52,38908,266],{"class":70},[52,38910,1888],{"class":66},[52,38912,318],{"class":84},[52,38914,4037],{"class":145},[52,38916,318],{"class":84},[52,38918,4726],{"class":608},[52,38920,3757],{"class":84},[20,38922,38923],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[38,38925,5084,38927],{"id":38926},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38928,37701],{},[20,38930,154,38931,38933],{},[15,38932,37701],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38935,38936],{},"It works well for:",[176,38938,38939,38942,38945],{},[179,38940,38941],{},"simple filtering rules",[179,38943,38944],{},"quick data cleaning",[179,38946,38947],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38949,197],{},[43,38951,38953],{"className":45,"code":38952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38954,38955,38987,39020,39024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38956,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38958,3739],{"class":58},[52,38960,63],{"class":62},[52,38962,3744],{"class":84},[52,38964,3106],{"class":608},[52,38966,318],{"class":84},[52,38968,3111],{"class":608},[52,38970,318],{"class":84},[52,38972,609],{"class":608},[52,38974,318],{"class":84},[52,38976,2575],{"class":608},[52,38978,318],{"class":84},[52,38980,4726],{"class":608},[52,38982,318],{"class":84},[52,38984,37769],{"class":608},[52,38986,3757],{"class":84},[52,38988,38989,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,38990,38991],{"class":58},"evens ",[52,38993,63],{"class":62},[52,38995,37780],{"class":80},[52,38997,85],{"class":84},[52,38999,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39001,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39003,174],{"class":84},[52,39005,4001],{"class":88},[52,39007,6526],{"class":62},[52,39009,3111],{"class":608},[52,39011,6531],{"class":62},[52,39013,683],{"class":608},[52,39015,318],{"class":84},[52,39017,4384],{"class":88},[52,39019,329],{"class":84},[52,39021,39022],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,39023,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,39025,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39037],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,39027,81],{"class":80},[52,39029,85],{"class":84},[52,39031,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39033,85],{"class":84},[52,39035,39036],{"class":88},"evens",[52,39038,108],{"class":84},[20,39040,135],{},[43,39042,39043],{"className":45,"code":38717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39044,39045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39046,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39048,4021],{"class":84},[52,39050,2172],{"class":608},[52,39052,318],{"class":84},[52,39054,2575],{"class":608},[52,39056,318],{"class":84},[52,39058,37769],{"class":608},[52,39060,3757],{"class":84},[20,39062,39063,39064,39066],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39065,6081],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[43,39068,39070],{"className":45,"code":39069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39071,39072,39104,39112,39116,39128,39144,39159,39163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39073,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39075,3739],{"class":58},[52,39077,63],{"class":62},[52,39079,3744],{"class":84},[52,39081,3106],{"class":608},[52,39083,318],{"class":84},[52,39085,3111],{"class":608},[52,39087,318],{"class":84},[52,39089,609],{"class":608},[52,39091,318],{"class":84},[52,39093,2575],{"class":608},[52,39095,318],{"class":84},[52,39097,4726],{"class":608},[52,39099,318],{"class":84},[52,39101,37769],{"class":608},[52,39103,3757],{"class":84},[52,39105,39106,39108,39110],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39107,38991],{"class":58},[52,39109,63],{"class":62},[52,39111,7963],{"class":84},[52,39113,39114],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,39115,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,39117,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,39119,6081],{"class":761},[52,39121,6510],{"class":58},[52,39123,1638],{"class":761},[52,39125,4384],{"class":58},[52,39127,804],{"class":84},[52,39129,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,39131,6521],{"class":761},[52,39133,6510],{"class":58},[52,39135,6526],{"class":62},[52,39137,3111],{"class":608},[52,39139,6531],{"class":62},[52,39141,683],{"class":608},[52,39143,804],{"class":84},[52,39145,39146,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,39147,39148],{"class":58},"        evens",[52,39150,92],{"class":84},[52,39152,13677],{"class":88},[52,39154,85],{"class":84},[52,39156,2356],{"class":88},[52,39158,329],{"class":84},[52,39160,39161],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,39162,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,39164,39165,39167,39169,39171],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,39166,81],{"class":80},[52,39168,85],{"class":84},[52,39170,39036],{"class":88},[52,39172,329],{"class":84},[20,39174,135],{},[43,39176,39177],{"className":45,"code":38717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39178,39179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39180,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39182,4021],{"class":84},[52,39184,2172],{"class":608},[52,39186,318],{"class":84},[52,39188,2575],{"class":608},[52,39190,318],{"class":84},[52,39192,37769],{"class":608},[52,39194,3757],{"class":84},[20,39196,39197],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[43,39199,39201],{"className":45,"code":39200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39202,39203,39235,39268,39272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39204,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39206,3739],{"class":58},[52,39208,63],{"class":62},[52,39210,3744],{"class":84},[52,39212,3106],{"class":608},[52,39214,318],{"class":84},[52,39216,3111],{"class":608},[52,39218,318],{"class":84},[52,39220,609],{"class":608},[52,39222,318],{"class":84},[52,39224,2575],{"class":608},[52,39226,318],{"class":84},[52,39228,4726],{"class":608},[52,39230,318],{"class":84},[52,39232,37769],{"class":608},[52,39234,3757],{"class":84},[52,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39238,38991],{"class":58},[52,39240,63],{"class":62},[52,39242,3744],{"class":84},[52,39244,2333],{"class":58},[52,39246,6081],{"class":761},[52,39248,6510],{"class":58},[52,39250,1638],{"class":761},[52,39252,39253],{"class":58}," numbers ",[52,39255,733],{"class":761},[52,39257,6510],{"class":58},[52,39259,6526],{"class":62},[52,39261,3111],{"class":608},[52,39263,6531],{"class":62},[52,39265,683],{"class":608},[52,39267,3757],{"class":84},[52,39269,39270],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,39271,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,39273,39274,39276,39278,39280],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,39275,81],{"class":80},[52,39277,85],{"class":84},[52,39279,39036],{"class":88},[52,39281,329],{"class":84},[20,39283,135],{},[43,39285,39286],{"className":45,"code":38717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39287,39288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39289,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39291,4021],{"class":84},[52,39293,2172],{"class":608},[52,39295,318],{"class":84},[52,39297,2575],{"class":608},[52,39299,318],{"class":84},[52,39301,37769],{"class":608},[52,39303,3757],{"class":84},[20,39305,39306,39307,92],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[289,39308,39310],{"href":39309},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[38,39312,1445],{"id":1444},[20,39314,14858,39315,92],{},[15,39316,37701],{},[412,39318,1725,39320,39322],{"id":39319},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39321,37701],{}," to return a list",[20,39324,39325],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[43,39327,39329],{"className":45,"code":39328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39330,39331,39373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39332,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39334,2346],{"class":58},[52,39336,63],{"class":62},[52,39338,37780],{"class":80},[52,39340,85],{"class":84},[52,39342,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39344,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39346,174],{"class":84},[52,39348,4001],{"class":88},[52,39350,4373],{"class":62},[52,39352,3111],{"class":608},[52,39354,318],{"class":84},[52,39356,3744],{"class":84},[52,39358,3106],{"class":608},[52,39360,318],{"class":84},[52,39362,3111],{"class":608},[52,39364,318],{"class":84},[52,39366,609],{"class":608},[52,39368,318],{"class":84},[52,39370,2575],{"class":608},[52,39372,4009],{"class":84},[52,39374,39375,39377,39379,39381],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39376,81],{"class":80},[52,39378,85],{"class":84},[52,39380,2381],{"class":88},[52,39382,329],{"class":84},[20,39384,39385],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39387,1586],{},[43,39389,39391],{"className":45,"code":39390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39392,39393,39435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39394,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39396,2346],{"class":58},[52,39398,63],{"class":62},[52,39400,37780],{"class":80},[52,39402,85],{"class":84},[52,39404,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39406,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39408,174],{"class":84},[52,39410,4001],{"class":88},[52,39412,4373],{"class":62},[52,39414,3111],{"class":608},[52,39416,318],{"class":84},[52,39418,3744],{"class":84},[52,39420,3106],{"class":608},[52,39422,318],{"class":84},[52,39424,3111],{"class":608},[52,39426,318],{"class":84},[52,39428,609],{"class":608},[52,39430,318],{"class":84},[52,39432,2575],{"class":608},[52,39434,4009],{"class":84},[52,39436,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39438,81],{"class":80},[52,39440,85],{"class":84},[52,39442,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39444,85],{"class":84},[52,39446,2381],{"class":88},[52,39448,108],{"class":84},[412,39450,39452,39453,32,39455,39457],{"id":39451},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39454,31],{},[15,39456,35],{}," clearly",[20,39459,39460],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39462,39463],{},"Good example:",[43,39465,39467],{"className":45,"code":39466,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39468,39469,39482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39470,39471,39473,39476,39478,39480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39472,34976],{"class":2180},[52,39474,39475],{"class":34979}," is_positive",[52,39477,85],{"class":84},[52,39479,2356],{"class":37788},[52,39481,779],{"class":84},[52,39483,39484,39486,39488,39490],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39485,34987],{"class":761},[52,39487,6510],{"class":58},[52,39489,4373],{"class":62},[52,39491,38639],{"class":608},[20,39493,39494],{},"Then use it with:",[43,39496,39498],{"className":45,"code":39497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39499,39500,39532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39501,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39503,3739],{"class":58},[52,39505,63],{"class":62},[52,39507,3744],{"class":84},[52,39509,2137],{"class":62},[52,39511,2172],{"class":608},[52,39513,318],{"class":84},[52,39515,2338],{"class":62},[52,39517,3106],{"class":608},[52,39519,318],{"class":84},[52,39521,683],{"class":608},[52,39523,318],{"class":84},[52,39525,5621],{"class":608},[52,39527,318],{"class":84},[52,39529,3111],{"class":608},[52,39531,3757],{"class":84},[52,39533,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39549,39551,39553],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39535,81],{"class":80},[52,39537,85],{"class":84},[52,39539,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39541,85],{"class":84},[52,39543,37727],{"class":80},[52,39545,85],{"class":84},[52,39547,39548],{"class":88},"is_positive",[52,39550,318],{"class":84},[52,39552,4384],{"class":88},[52,39554,546],{"class":84},[20,39556,135],{},[43,39558,39560],{"className":45,"code":39559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39561,39562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39563,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39565,4021],{"class":84},[52,39567,3106],{"class":608},[52,39569,318],{"class":84},[52,39571,3111],{"class":608},[52,39573,3757],{"class":84},[412,39575,39577],{"id":39576},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39579,39580],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[43,39582,39583],{"className":45,"code":38323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39584,39585,39627,39631,39645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39586,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39588,2346],{"class":58},[52,39590,63],{"class":62},[52,39592,37780],{"class":80},[52,39594,85],{"class":84},[52,39596,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39598,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39600,174],{"class":84},[52,39602,4001],{"class":88},[52,39604,4373],{"class":62},[52,39606,3111],{"class":608},[52,39608,318],{"class":84},[52,39610,3744],{"class":84},[52,39612,3106],{"class":608},[52,39614,318],{"class":84},[52,39616,3111],{"class":608},[52,39618,318],{"class":84},[52,39620,609],{"class":608},[52,39622,318],{"class":84},[52,39624,2575],{"class":608},[52,39626,4009],{"class":84},[52,39628,39629],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39630,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,39632,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,39634,81],{"class":80},[52,39636,85],{"class":84},[52,39638,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39640,85],{"class":84},[52,39642,2381],{"class":88},[52,39644,108],{"class":84},[52,39646,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,39648,81],{"class":80},[52,39650,85],{"class":84},[52,39652,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39654,85],{"class":84},[52,39656,2381],{"class":88},[52,39658,108],{"class":84},[20,39660,135],{},[43,39662,39663],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39664,39665,39677],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39666,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39668,4021],{"class":84},[52,39670,627],{"class":608},[52,39672,318],{"class":84},[52,39674,2575],{"class":608},[52,39676,3757],{"class":84},[52,39678,39679],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39680,38423],{"class":84},[20,39682,39683],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[43,39685,39687],{"className":45,"code":39686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39688,39689,39735,39739,39749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39690,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39692,2346],{"class":58},[52,39694,63],{"class":62},[52,39696,22686],{"class":1929},[52,39698,85],{"class":84},[52,39700,37727],{"class":80},[52,39702,85],{"class":84},[52,39704,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39706,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39708,174],{"class":84},[52,39710,4001],{"class":88},[52,39712,4373],{"class":62},[52,39714,3111],{"class":608},[52,39716,318],{"class":84},[52,39718,3744],{"class":84},[52,39720,3106],{"class":608},[52,39722,318],{"class":84},[52,39724,3111],{"class":608},[52,39726,318],{"class":84},[52,39728,609],{"class":608},[52,39730,318],{"class":84},[52,39732,2575],{"class":608},[52,39734,3118],{"class":84},[52,39736,39737],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39738,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,39740,39741,39743,39745,39747],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,39742,81],{"class":80},[52,39744,85],{"class":84},[52,39746,2381],{"class":88},[52,39748,329],{"class":84},[52,39750,39751,39753,39755,39757],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,39752,81],{"class":80},[52,39754,85],{"class":84},[52,39756,2381],{"class":88},[52,39758,329],{"class":84},[412,39760,39762],{"id":39761},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39764,39765],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39767,16769],{},[43,39769,39771],{"className":45,"code":39770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39772,39773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39774,39775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39776,39770],{"class":1479},[20,39778,39779,39780,6675],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39781,2448],{},[20,39783,16781],{},[43,39785,39787],{"className":45,"code":39786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39788,39789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39790,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39792,81],{"class":80},[52,39794,85],{"class":84},[52,39796,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39798,85],{"class":84},[52,39800,37727],{"class":80},[52,39802,85],{"class":84},[52,39804,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39806,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39808,174],{"class":84},[52,39810,4001],{"class":88},[52,39812,4373],{"class":62},[52,39814,3111],{"class":608},[52,39816,318],{"class":84},[52,39818,3744],{"class":84},[52,39820,3106],{"class":608},[52,39822,318],{"class":84},[52,39824,3111],{"class":608},[52,39826,318],{"class":84},[52,39828,609],{"class":608},[52,39830,318],{"class":84},[52,39832,2575],{"class":608},[52,39834,37390],{"class":84},[412,39836,1632,39838,1635,39840],{"id":39837},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39839,37701],{},[15,39841,39842],{},"map()",[176,39844,39845,39850],{},[179,39846,39847,39849],{},[15,39848,37701],{}," keeps or removes items",[179,39851,39852,39854],{},[15,39853,39842],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39856,39857,39858,174],{},"Example of ",[15,39859,37701],{},[43,39861,39863],{"className":45,"code":39862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39864,39865,39889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39866,39867,39869,39871,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39868,3739],{"class":58},[52,39870,63],{"class":62},[52,39872,3744],{"class":84},[52,39874,3106],{"class":608},[52,39876,318],{"class":84},[52,39878,3111],{"class":608},[52,39880,318],{"class":84},[52,39882,609],{"class":608},[52,39884,318],{"class":84},[52,39886,2575],{"class":608},[52,39888,3757],{"class":84},[52,39890,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39892,81],{"class":80},[52,39894,85],{"class":84},[52,39896,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39898,85],{"class":84},[52,39900,37727],{"class":80},[52,39902,85],{"class":84},[52,39904,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39906,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39908,174],{"class":84},[52,39910,4001],{"class":88},[52,39912,4373],{"class":62},[52,39914,3111],{"class":608},[52,39916,318],{"class":84},[52,39918,4384],{"class":88},[52,39920,546],{"class":84},[20,39922,135],{},[43,39924,39926],{"className":45,"code":39925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39927,39928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39929,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39931,4021],{"class":84},[52,39933,627],{"class":608},[52,39935,318],{"class":84},[52,39937,2575],{"class":608},[52,39939,3757],{"class":84},[20,39941,39857,39942,174],{},[15,39943,39842],{},[43,39945,39947],{"className":45,"code":39946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39948,39949,39973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39950,39951,39953,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39952,3739],{"class":58},[52,39954,63],{"class":62},[52,39956,3744],{"class":84},[52,39958,3106],{"class":608},[52,39960,318],{"class":84},[52,39962,3111],{"class":608},[52,39964,318],{"class":84},[52,39966,609],{"class":608},[52,39968,318],{"class":84},[52,39970,2575],{"class":608},[52,39972,3757],{"class":84},[52,39974,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39999,40001,40003,40005],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,39976,81],{"class":80},[52,39978,85],{"class":84},[52,39980,8217],{"class":1929},[52,39982,85],{"class":84},[52,39984,39985],{"class":80},"map",[52,39987,85],{"class":84},[52,39989,37785],{"class":2180},[52,39991,37789],{"class":37788},[52,39993,174],{"class":84},[52,39995,4001],{"class":88},[52,39997,39998],{"class":62},"*",[52,40000,3111],{"class":608},[52,40002,318],{"class":84},[52,40004,4384],{"class":88},[52,40006,546],{"class":84},[20,40008,135],{},[43,40010,40012],{"className":45,"code":40011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40013,40014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40015,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40017,4021],{"class":84},[52,40019,2172],{"class":608},[52,40021,318],{"class":84},[52,40023,2575],{"class":608},[52,40025,318],{"class":84},[52,40027,37769],{"class":608},[52,40029,318],{"class":84},[52,40031,6483],{"class":608},[52,40033,3757],{"class":84},[20,40035,40036,40037,92],{},"For the related function, see ",[289,40038,3696,40040,3629],{"href":40039},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40041,39842],{},[38,40043,1940],{"id":1939},[412,40045,1944,40047,40049],{"id":40046},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40048,37701],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40051,40052,40053,40055],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40054,24907],{}," if needed.",[412,40057,40059,40060,40062],{"id":40058},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40061,37701],{}," need to return?",[20,40064,38008,40065,40067,40068,40070],{},[15,40066,31],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40069,35],{}," to remove it.",[412,40072,28454,40074,40076],{"id":40073},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40075,37701],{}," without lambda?",[20,40078,40079],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[412,40081,5266,40083,40086],{"id":40082},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40084,40085],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40088,40089,40090,40092,40093,17198,40095,92],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40091,2235],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40094,3901],{},[15,40096,35],{},[412,40098,21546,40100,40102],{"id":40099},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40101,37701],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40104,40105,40106,40108],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40107,6081],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40110,40111],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[176,40113,40114,40120,40126],{},[179,40115,40116,40117,40119],{},"use ",[15,40118,37701],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[179,40121,40122,40123,40125],{},"use a ",[15,40124,6081],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[179,40127,40128],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40130,40131,40132,92],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[289,40133,5256],{"href":40134},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[38,40136,2005],{"id":2004},[176,40138,40139,40144,40148,40153,40159],{},[179,40140,40141],{},[289,40142,40143],{"href":38580},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[179,40145,40146],{},[289,40147,5344],{"href":40134},[179,40149,40150],{},[289,40151,40152],{"href":39309},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[179,40154,40155],{},[289,40156,3696,40157,3629],{"href":40039},[15,40158,39842],{},[179,40160,40161],{},[289,40162,5339],{"href":5709},[2035,40164,40165],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":40167},[40168,40169,40171,40175,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186,40196,40208],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":37835,"depth":77,"text":40170},"What filter() does",{"id":37969,"depth":77,"text":37970,"children":40172},[40173,40174],{"id":37986,"depth":111,"text":37986},{"id":3842,"depth":111,"text":3842},{"id":38145,"depth":77,"text":38146,"children":40176},[40177],{"id":38316,"depth":111,"text":38317},{"id":38429,"depth":77,"text":40179},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38584,"depth":77,"text":40181},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38746,"depth":77,"text":40183},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38926,"depth":77,"text":40185},"When to use filter()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":40187},[40188,40190,40192,40193,40194],{"id":39319,"depth":111,"text":40189},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39451,"depth":111,"text":40191},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39576,"depth":111,"text":39577},{"id":39761,"depth":111,"text":39762},{"id":39837,"depth":111,"text":40195},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":40197},[40198,40200,40202,40204,40206],{"id":40046,"depth":111,"text":40199},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40058,"depth":111,"text":40201},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40073,"depth":111,"text":40203},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40082,"depth":111,"text":40205},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40099,"depth":111,"text":40207},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37693,"description":40209},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40216,"title":40217,"body":40218,"description":42369,"extension":2078,"meta":42370,"navigation":221,"path":42371,"seo":42372,"stem":42373,"__hash__":42374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40219,"toc":42323},[40220,40223,40228,40234,40236,40288,40290,40309,40314,40318,40323,40326,40341,40344,40366,40368,40417,40419,40443,40445,40447,40462,40467,40475,40490,40492,40501,40504,40539,40543,40548,40552,40559,40594,40596,40612,40616,40619,40660,40662,40676,40680,40683,40707,40709,40718,40722,40725,40758,40760,40773,40777,40783,40802,40804,40812,40816,40821,40825,40831,40854,40856,40885,40888,40907,40911,40914,40941,40943,40977,40981,40984,41008,41012,41023,41025,41030,41036,41038,41122,41124,41166,41169,41173,41180,41189,41245,41252,41261,41266,41270,41341,41343,41352,41356,41359,41403,41405,41414,41418,41424,41474,41478,41483,41487,41511,41513,41522,41526,41550,41552,41563,41567,41591,41593,41602,41605,41622,41628,41632,41638,41641,41646,41649,41670,41672,41704,41707,41712,41714,41725,41727,41771,41775,41781,41833,41835,41844,41848,41851,41943,41946,41970,41974,41977,42069,42074,42078,42085,42090,42114,42116,42125,42130,42153,42155,42163,42170,42193,42201,42203,42216,42226,42228,42232,42239,42243,42252,42256,42263,42267,42271,42275,42288,42290,42320],[10,40221,40217],{"id":40222},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40224,9243,40225,40227],{},[15,40226,3002],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40229,40230,40231,40233],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40232,3002],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[38,40235,41],{"id":40},[43,40237,40239],{"className":45,"code":40238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40240,40241,40255,40274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40242,40243,40245,40247,40249,40251,40253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40244,81],{"class":80},[52,40246,85],{"class":84},[52,40248,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40250,85],{"class":84},[52,40252,2252],{"class":608},[52,40254,108],{"class":84},[52,40256,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40270,40272],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40258,81],{"class":80},[52,40260,85],{"class":84},[52,40262,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40264,85],{"class":84},[52,40266,100],{"class":66},[52,40268,40269],{"class":70},"3.14",[52,40271,100],{"class":66},[52,40273,108],{"class":84},[52,40275,40276,40278,40280,40282,40284,40286],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,40277,81],{"class":80},[52,40279,85],{"class":84},[52,40281,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40283,85],{"class":84},[52,40285,31],{"class":145},[52,40287,108],{"class":84},[20,40289,135],{},[43,40291,40293],{"className":45,"code":40292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40294,40295,40299,40304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40296,40297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40298,2598],{"class":608},[52,40300,40301],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40302,40303],{"class":608},"3.14\n",[52,40305,40306],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,40307,40308],{"class":608},"1.0\n",[20,40310,154,40311,40313],{},[15,40312,3002],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[38,40315,40317],{"id":40316},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40319,40320,40322],{},[15,40321,3002],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40324,40325],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[176,40327,40328,40332,40336],{},[179,40329,40330],{},[15,40331,2610],{},[179,40333,40334],{},[15,40335,40269],{},[179,40337,40338],{},[15,40339,40340],{},"0.5",[20,40342,40343],{},"A few key points:",[176,40345,40346,40353,40356,40359],{},[179,40347,40348,40350,40351],{},[15,40349,3002],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40352,2308],{},[179,40354,40355],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[179,40357,40358],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[179,40360,40361,40362],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[289,40363,40364],{"href":8343},[15,40365,3075],{},[20,40367,197],{},[43,40369,40371],{"className":45,"code":40370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40372,40373,40393,40403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40374,40375,40377,40379,40382,40384,40386,40389,40391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40376,2333],{"class":58},[52,40378,63],{"class":62},[52,40380,40381],{"class":1929}," float",[52,40383,85],{"class":84},[52,40385,100],{"class":66},[52,40387,40388],{"class":70},"2.75",[52,40390,100],{"class":66},[52,40392,329],{"class":84},[52,40394,40395,40397,40399,40401],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40396,81],{"class":80},[52,40398,85],{"class":84},[52,40400,2356],{"class":88},[52,40402,329],{"class":84},[52,40404,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,40406,81],{"class":80},[52,40408,85],{"class":84},[52,40410,1930],{"class":1929},[52,40412,85],{"class":84},[52,40414,2356],{"class":88},[52,40416,108],{"class":84},[20,40418,135],{},[43,40420,40422],{"className":45,"code":40421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40423,40424,40429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40425,40426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40427,40428],{"class":608},"2.75\n",[52,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40432,3410],{"class":62},[52,40434,3413],{"class":2180},[52,40436,3416],{"class":66},[52,40438,2308],{"class":70},[52,40440,1888],{"class":66},[52,40442,3423],{"class":62},[38,40444,296],{"id":295},[20,40446,7341],{},[43,40448,40450],{"className":45,"code":40449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"float(value)\n",[15,40451,40452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40453,40454,40456,40458,40460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40455,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40457,85],{"class":84},[52,40459,2591],{"class":88},[52,40461,329],{"class":84},[20,40463,40464,40465,92],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40466,3002],{},[20,40468,40469,40470,40472,40473,174],{},"If you call ",[15,40471,3002],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40474,3891],{},[43,40476,40478],{"className":45,"code":40477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float())\n",[15,40479,40480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40481,40482,40484,40486,40488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40483,81],{"class":80},[52,40485,85],{"class":84},[52,40487,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40489,7317],{"class":84},[20,40491,135],{},[43,40493,40495],{"className":45,"code":40494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0.0\n",[15,40496,40497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40498,40499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40500,40494],{"class":608},[20,40502,40503],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[43,40505,40507],{"className":45,"code":40506,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40508,40509,40529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40510,40511,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522,40525,40527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40512,40513],{"class":58},"price ",[52,40515,63],{"class":62},[52,40517,40381],{"class":1929},[52,40519,85],{"class":84},[52,40521,100],{"class":66},[52,40523,40524],{"class":70},"19.99",[52,40526,100],{"class":66},[52,40528,329],{"class":84},[52,40530,40531,40533,40535,40537],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40532,81],{"class":80},[52,40534,85],{"class":84},[52,40536,25276],{"class":88},[52,40538,329],{"class":84},[38,40540,40542],{"id":40541},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40544,40545,40547],{},[15,40546,3002],{}," can convert several common value types.",[412,40549,40551],{"id":40550},"integers","Integers",[20,40553,40554,40555,40558],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40556,40557],{},".0"," added:",[43,40560,40562],{"className":45,"code":40561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40563,40564,40578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40565,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40567,81],{"class":80},[52,40569,85],{"class":84},[52,40571,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40573,85],{"class":84},[52,40575,2252],{"class":608},[52,40577,108],{"class":84},[52,40579,40580,40582,40584,40586,40588,40590,40592],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40581,81],{"class":80},[52,40583,85],{"class":84},[52,40585,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40587,85],{"class":84},[52,40589,2137],{"class":62},[52,40591,2172],{"class":608},[52,40593,108],{"class":84},[20,40595,135],{},[43,40597,40599],{"className":45,"code":40598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40600,40601,40605],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40602,40603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40604,2598],{"class":608},[52,40606,40607,40609],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40608,2137],{"class":62},[52,40610,40611],{"class":608},"2.0\n",[412,40613,40615],{"id":40614},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40617,40618],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[43,40620,40622],{"className":45,"code":40621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40623,40624,40642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40625,40626,40628,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638,40640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40627,81],{"class":80},[52,40629,85],{"class":84},[52,40631,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40633,85],{"class":84},[52,40635,100],{"class":66},[52,40637,40269],{"class":70},[52,40639,100],{"class":66},[52,40641,108],{"class":84},[52,40643,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40645,81],{"class":80},[52,40647,85],{"class":84},[52,40649,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40651,85],{"class":84},[52,40653,100],{"class":66},[52,40655,2448],{"class":70},[52,40657,100],{"class":66},[52,40659,108],{"class":84},[20,40661,135],{},[43,40663,40665],{"className":45,"code":40664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40666,40667,40671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40668,40669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40670,40303],{"class":608},[52,40672,40673],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40674,40675],{"class":608},"10.0\n",[412,40677,40679],{"id":40678},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40681,40682],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[43,40684,40686],{"className":45,"code":40685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40687,40688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40689,40690,40692,40694,40696,40698,40700,40703,40705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40691,81],{"class":80},[52,40693,85],{"class":84},[52,40695,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40697,85],{"class":84},[52,40699,100],{"class":66},[52,40701,40702],{"class":70},"  8.5  ",[52,40704,100],{"class":66},[52,40706,108],{"class":84},[20,40708,135],{},[43,40710,40712],{"className":45,"code":40711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8.5\n",[15,40713,40714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40715,40716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40717,40711],{"class":608},[412,40719,40721],{"id":40720},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40723,40724],{},"Boolean values also work:",[43,40726,40728],{"className":45,"code":40727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40729,40730,40744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40731,40732,40734,40736,40738,40740,40742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40733,81],{"class":80},[52,40735,85],{"class":84},[52,40737,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40739,85],{"class":84},[52,40741,31],{"class":145},[52,40743,108],{"class":84},[52,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40747,81],{"class":80},[52,40749,85],{"class":84},[52,40751,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40753,85],{"class":84},[52,40755,35],{"class":145},[52,40757,108],{"class":84},[20,40759,135],{},[43,40761,40763],{"className":45,"code":40762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40764,40765,40769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40766,40767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40768,40308],{"class":608},[52,40770,40771],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,40772,40494],{"class":608},[412,40774,40776],{"id":40775},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40778,40779,40780,40782],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40781,3002],{}," returns a float version of it:",[43,40784,40786],{"className":45,"code":40785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40787,40788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40789,40790,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40791,81],{"class":80},[52,40793,85],{"class":84},[52,40795,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40797,85],{"class":84},[52,40799,2480],{"class":608},[52,40801,108],{"class":84},[20,40803,135],{},[43,40805,40806],{"className":45,"code":2504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,40807,40808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40809,40810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40811,2504],{"class":608},[38,40813,40815],{"id":40814},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40817,40818,40819,92],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40820,3002],{},[412,40822,40824],{"id":40823},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40826,40827,40828,174],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40829,40830],{},"ValueError",[43,40832,40834],{"className":45,"code":40833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40835,40836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40837,40838,40840,40842,40844,40846,40848,40850,40852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40839,81],{"class":80},[52,40841,85],{"class":84},[52,40843,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40845,85],{"class":84},[52,40847,100],{"class":66},[52,40849,266],{"class":70},[52,40851,100],{"class":66},[52,40853,108],{"class":84},[20,40855,29807],{},[43,40857,40859],{"className":45,"code":40858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40860,40861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40862,40863,40865,40867,40870,40872,40875,40877,40879,40881,40883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40864,40830],{"class":1929},[52,40866,174],{"class":84},[52,40868,40869],{"class":58}," could ",[52,40871,4752],{"class":62},[52,40873,40874],{"class":58}," convert string to ",[52,40876,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40878,174],{"class":84},[52,40880,3416],{"class":66},[52,40882,266],{"class":70},[52,40884,29826],{"class":66},[20,40886,40887],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[43,40889,40891],{"className":45,"code":40890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40892,40893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40894,40895,40897,40899,40901,40903,40905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40896,81],{"class":80},[52,40898,85],{"class":84},[52,40900,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40902,85],{"class":84},[52,40904,6395],{"class":66},[52,40906,108],{"class":84},[412,40908,40910],{"id":40909},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40912,40913],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[43,40915,40917],{"className":45,"code":40916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40918,40919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40920,40921,40923,40925,40927,40929,40931,40933,40935,40937,40939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40922,81],{"class":80},[52,40924,85],{"class":84},[52,40926,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40928,3103],{"class":84},[52,40930,3106],{"class":608},[52,40932,318],{"class":84},[52,40934,3111],{"class":608},[52,40936,318],{"class":84},[52,40938,609],{"class":608},[52,40940,3118],{"class":84},[20,40942,29807],{},[43,40944,40946],{"className":45,"code":40945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40947,40948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40949,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40961,40964,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40951,3124],{"class":1929},[52,40953,174],{"class":84},[52,40955,40381],{"class":1929},[52,40957,7489],{"class":84},[52,40959,40960],{"class":58}," argument must be a string ",[52,40962,40963],{"class":62},"or",[52,40965,40966],{"class":58}," a real number",[52,40968,318],{"class":84},[52,40970,8223],{"class":62},[52,40972,3416],{"class":66},[52,40974,8217],{"class":70},[52,40976,29826],{"class":66},[412,40978,40980],{"id":40979},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40982,40983],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[43,40985,40987],{"className":45,"code":40986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40988,40989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40990,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001,41004,41006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40992,81],{"class":80},[52,40994,85],{"class":84},[52,40996,2308],{"class":1929},[52,40998,85],{"class":84},[52,41000,100],{"class":66},[52,41002,41003],{"class":70},"3,14",[52,41005,100],{"class":66},[52,41007,108],{"class":84},[20,41009,3121,41010,92],{},[15,41011,40830],{},[20,41013,41014,41015,342,41019,92],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[289,41016,41018],{"href":41017},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[289,41020,41022],{"href":41021},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[38,41024,710],{"id":709},[20,41026,41027,41029],{},[15,41028,3002],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41031,41032,41033,41035],{},"It does ",[3865,41034,4752],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41037,197],{},[43,41039,41041],{"className":45,"code":41040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41042,41043,41056,41070,41074,41084,41094,41108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41044,41045,41047,41049,41051,41054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41046,207],{"class":58},[52,41048,63],{"class":62},[52,41050,67],{"class":66},[52,41052,41053],{"class":70},"6.5",[52,41055,74],{"class":66},[52,41057,41058,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41059,2333],{"class":58},[52,41061,63],{"class":62},[52,41063,40381],{"class":1929},[52,41065,85],{"class":84},[52,41067,231],{"class":88},[52,41069,329],{"class":84},[52,41071,41072],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41073,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41075,41076,41078,41080,41082],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41077,81],{"class":80},[52,41079,85],{"class":84},[52,41081,231],{"class":88},[52,41083,329],{"class":84},[52,41085,41086,41088,41090,41092],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,41087,81],{"class":80},[52,41089,85],{"class":84},[52,41091,2356],{"class":88},[52,41093,329],{"class":84},[52,41095,41096,41098,41100,41102,41104,41106],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,41097,81],{"class":80},[52,41099,85],{"class":84},[52,41101,1930],{"class":1929},[52,41103,85],{"class":84},[52,41105,231],{"class":88},[52,41107,108],{"class":84},[52,41109,41110,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,41111,81],{"class":80},[52,41113,85],{"class":84},[52,41115,1930],{"class":1929},[52,41117,85],{"class":84},[52,41119,2356],{"class":88},[52,41121,108],{"class":84},[20,41123,135],{},[43,41125,41127],{"className":45,"code":41126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41128,41129,41134,41138,41152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41130,41131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41132,41133],{"class":608},"6.5\n",[52,41135,41136],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41137,41133],{"class":608},[52,41139,41140,41142,41144,41146,41148,41150],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41141,3410],{"class":62},[52,41143,3413],{"class":2180},[52,41145,3416],{"class":66},[52,41147,3563],{"class":70},[52,41149,1888],{"class":66},[52,41151,3423],{"class":62},[52,41153,41154,41156,41158,41160,41162,41164],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41155,3410],{"class":62},[52,41157,3413],{"class":2180},[52,41159,3416],{"class":66},[52,41161,2308],{"class":70},[52,41163,1888],{"class":66},[52,41165,3423],{"class":62},[20,41167,41168],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[38,41170,41172],{"id":41171},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[412,41174,41176,41177,41179],{"id":41175},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41178,3075],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41181,2095,41182,41186,41187,92],{},[289,41183,41184,2420],{"href":8343},[15,41185,3075],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41188,3002],{},[43,41190,41192],{"className":45,"code":41191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41193,41194,41213,41227,41231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41195,41196,41198,41200,41202,41204,41206,41209,41211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41197,8361],{"class":58},[52,41199,63],{"class":62},[52,41201,8366],{"class":80},[52,41203,85],{"class":84},[52,41205,100],{"class":66},[52,41207,41208],{"class":70},"Enter a price: ",[52,41210,100],{"class":66},[52,41212,329],{"class":84},[52,41214,41215,41217,41219,41221,41223,41225],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41216,40513],{"class":58},[52,41218,63],{"class":62},[52,41220,40381],{"class":1929},[52,41222,85],{"class":84},[52,41224,8390],{"class":88},[52,41226,329],{"class":84},[52,41228,41229],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41230,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41232,41233,41235,41237,41239,41241,41243],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41234,81],{"class":80},[52,41236,85],{"class":84},[52,41238,40513],{"class":88},[52,41240,39998],{"class":62},[52,41242,3111],{"class":608},[52,41244,329],{"class":84},[20,41246,41247,41248,41251],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41249,41250],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[43,41253,41255],{"className":45,"code":41254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"9.0\n",[15,41256,41257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41258,41259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41260,41254],{"class":608},[20,41262,41263,41264,92],{},"For more help with this, see ",[289,41265,9101],{"href":9100},[412,41267,41269],{"id":41268},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[43,41271,41273],{"className":45,"code":41272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41274,41275,41288,41301,41305,41330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41276,41277,41279,41281,41283,41286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41278,2673],{"class":58},[52,41280,63],{"class":62},[52,41282,67],{"class":66},[52,41284,41285],{"class":70},"2.5",[52,41287,74],{"class":66},[52,41289,41290,41292,41294,41296,41299],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41291,2701],{"class":58},[52,41293,63],{"class":62},[52,41295,67],{"class":66},[52,41297,41298],{"class":70},"1.5",[52,41300,74],{"class":66},[52,41302,41303],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41304,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41306,41307,41310,41312,41314,41316,41318,41320,41322,41324,41326,41328],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41308,41309],{"class":58},"total ",[52,41311,63],{"class":62},[52,41313,40381],{"class":1929},[52,41315,85],{"class":84},[52,41317,289],{"class":88},[52,41319,3784],{"class":84},[52,41321,2572],{"class":62},[52,41323,40381],{"class":1929},[52,41325,85],{"class":84},[52,41327,4883],{"class":88},[52,41329,329],{"class":84},[52,41331,41332,41334,41336,41339],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,41333,81],{"class":80},[52,41335,85],{"class":84},[52,41337,41338],{"class":88},"total",[52,41340,329],{"class":84},[20,41342,135],{},[43,41344,41346],{"className":45,"code":41345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.0\n",[15,41347,41348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41349,41350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41351,41345],{"class":608},[412,41353,41355],{"id":41354},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41357,41358],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[43,41360,41362],{"className":45,"code":41361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41363,41364,41374,41389,41393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41365,41366,41369,41371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41367,41368],{"class":58},"count ",[52,41370,63],{"class":62},[52,41372,41373],{"class":608}," 7\n",[52,41375,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384,41387],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41377,2346],{"class":58},[52,41379,63],{"class":62},[52,41381,40381],{"class":1929},[52,41383,85],{"class":84},[52,41385,41386],{"class":88},"count",[52,41388,329],{"class":84},[52,41390,41391],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41392,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41394,41395,41397,41399,41401],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41396,81],{"class":80},[52,41398,85],{"class":84},[52,41400,2381],{"class":88},[52,41402,329],{"class":84},[20,41404,135],{},[43,41406,41408],{"className":45,"code":41407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.0\n",[15,41409,41410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41411,41412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41413,41407],{"class":608},[412,41415,41417],{"id":41416},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41419,41420,41421,41423],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41422,3002],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[43,41425,41427],{"className":45,"code":41426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41428,41429,41443,41459,41463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41430,41431,41434,41436,41438,41441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41432,41433],{"class":58},"temperature_text ",[52,41435,63],{"class":62},[52,41437,67],{"class":66},[52,41439,41440],{"class":70},"21.8",[52,41442,74],{"class":66},[52,41444,41445,41448,41450,41452,41454,41457],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41446,41447],{"class":58},"temperature ",[52,41449,63],{"class":62},[52,41451,40381],{"class":1929},[52,41453,85],{"class":84},[52,41455,41456],{"class":88},"temperature_text",[52,41458,329],{"class":84},[52,41460,41461],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41462,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41464,41465,41467,41469,41472],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41466,81],{"class":80},[52,41468,85],{"class":84},[52,41470,41471],{"class":88},"temperature",[52,41473,329],{"class":84},[38,41475,41477],{"id":41476},"special-values","Special values",[20,41479,41480,41482],{},[15,41481,3002],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[412,41484,41486],{"id":41485},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[43,41488,41490],{"className":45,"code":41489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41491,41492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41493,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502,41504,41507,41509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41495,81],{"class":80},[52,41497,85],{"class":84},[52,41499,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41501,85],{"class":84},[52,41503,100],{"class":66},[52,41505,41506],{"class":70},"inf",[52,41508,100],{"class":66},[52,41510,108],{"class":84},[20,41512,135],{},[43,41514,41516],{"className":45,"code":41515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"inf\n",[15,41517,41518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41519,41520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41521,41515],{"class":58},[412,41523,41525],{"id":41524},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[43,41527,41529],{"className":45,"code":41528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41530,41531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41532,41533,41535,41537,41539,41541,41543,41546,41548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41534,81],{"class":80},[52,41536,85],{"class":84},[52,41538,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41540,85],{"class":84},[52,41542,100],{"class":66},[52,41544,41545],{"class":70},"-inf",[52,41547,100],{"class":66},[52,41549,108],{"class":84},[20,41551,135],{},[43,41553,41555],{"className":45,"code":41554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-inf\n",[15,41556,41557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41558,41559,41561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41560,2137],{"class":62},[52,41562,41515],{"class":58},[412,41564,41566],{"id":41565},"not-a-number","Not a number",[43,41568,41570],{"className":45,"code":41569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41571,41572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41573,41574,41576,41578,41580,41582,41584,41587,41589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41575,81],{"class":80},[52,41577,85],{"class":84},[52,41579,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41581,85],{"class":84},[52,41583,100],{"class":66},[52,41585,41586],{"class":70},"nan",[52,41588,100],{"class":66},[52,41590,108],{"class":84},[20,41592,135],{},[43,41594,41596],{"className":45,"code":41595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nan\n",[15,41597,41598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41599,41600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41601,41595],{"class":58},[20,41603,41604],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[176,41606,41607,41612,41617],{},[179,41608,41609,41611],{},[15,41610,41506],{}," means positive infinity",[179,41613,41614,41616],{},[15,41615,41545],{}," means negative infinity",[179,41618,41619,41621],{},[15,41620,41586],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41623,41624,41625,41627],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41626,3002],{}," accepts them.",[38,41629,41631],{"id":41630},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41633,41634,41635,41637],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41636,3002],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[412,41639,40830],{"id":41640},"valueerror",[20,41642,15313,41643,41645],{},[15,41644,40830],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41647,41648],{},"Common causes:",[176,41650,41651,41657,41660,41663],{},[179,41652,41653,41654],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41655,41656],{},"\"abc\"",[179,41658,41659],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[179,41661,41662],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[179,41664,4826,41665],{},[289,41666,41667,41669],{"href":8343},[15,41668,3075],{}," returns a string",[20,41671,197],{},[43,41673,41675],{"className":45,"code":41674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41676,41677,41690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41678,41679,41681,41683,41685,41688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41680,2565],{"class":58},[52,41682,63],{"class":62},[52,41684,67],{"class":66},[52,41686,41687],{"class":70},"abc",[52,41689,74],{"class":66},[52,41691,41692,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41693,81],{"class":80},[52,41695,85],{"class":84},[52,41697,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41699,85],{"class":84},[52,41701,2591],{"class":88},[52,41703,108],{"class":84},[412,41705,3124],{"id":41706},"typeerror",[20,41708,15313,41709,41711],{},[15,41710,3124],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41713,41648],{},[176,41715,41716,41719,41722],{},[179,41717,41718],{},"Passing a list",[179,41720,41721],{},"Passing a dictionary",[179,41723,41724],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41726,197],{},[43,41728,41730],{"className":45,"code":41729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41731,41732,41757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41733,41734,41736,41738,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41750,41753,41755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41735,2565],{"class":58},[52,41737,63],{"class":62},[52,41739,10612],{"class":84},[52,41741,100],{"class":66},[52,41743,25276],{"class":70},[52,41745,100],{"class":66},[52,41747,174],{"class":84},[52,41749,67],{"class":66},[52,41751,41752],{"class":70},"9.99",[52,41754,100],{"class":66},[52,41756,9429],{"class":84},[52,41758,41759,41761,41763,41765,41767,41769],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41760,81],{"class":80},[52,41762,85],{"class":84},[52,41764,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41766,85],{"class":84},[52,41768,2591],{"class":88},[52,41770,108],{"class":84},[412,41772,41774],{"id":41773},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41776,41777,41778,41780],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41779,1837],{}," can help:",[43,41782,41784],{"className":45,"code":41783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41785,41786,41799,41814,41818],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41787,41788,41790,41792,41794,41797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41789,2565],{"class":58},[52,41791,63],{"class":62},[52,41793,67],{"class":66},[52,41795,41796],{"class":70},"  7.25  ",[52,41798,74],{"class":66},[52,41800,41801,41804,41806,41808,41810,41812],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41802,41803],{"class":58},"clean_value ",[52,41805,63],{"class":62},[52,41807,8556],{"class":58},[52,41809,92],{"class":84},[52,41811,8756],{"class":88},[52,41813,8763],{"class":84},[52,41815,41816],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41817,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41819,41820,41822,41824,41826,41828,41831],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41821,81],{"class":80},[52,41823,85],{"class":84},[52,41825,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41827,85],{"class":84},[52,41829,41830],{"class":88},"clean_value",[52,41832,108],{"class":84},[20,41834,135],{},[43,41836,41838],{"className":45,"code":41837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.25\n",[15,41839,41840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41841,41842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41843,41837],{"class":608},[412,41845,41847],{"id":41846},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41849,41850],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[43,41852,41854],{"className":45,"code":41853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41855,41856,41869,41873,41883,41897,41911,41915,41929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41857,41858,41860,41862,41864,41867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41859,2565],{"class":58},[52,41861,63],{"class":62},[52,41863,67],{"class":66},[52,41865,41866],{"class":70}," 3.5 ",[52,41868,74],{"class":66},[52,41870,41871],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,41872,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41874,41875,41877,41879,41881],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,41876,81],{"class":80},[52,41878,85],{"class":84},[52,41880,2591],{"class":88},[52,41882,329],{"class":84},[52,41884,41885,41887,41889,41891,41893,41895],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,41886,81],{"class":80},[52,41888,85],{"class":84},[52,41890,1930],{"class":1929},[52,41892,85],{"class":84},[52,41894,2591],{"class":88},[52,41896,108],{"class":84},[52,41898,41899,41901,41903,41905,41907,41909],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,41900,81],{"class":80},[52,41902,85],{"class":84},[52,41904,1865],{"class":80},[52,41906,85],{"class":84},[52,41908,2591],{"class":88},[52,41910,108],{"class":84},[52,41912,41913],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,41914,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,41916,41917,41919,41921,41923,41925,41927],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,41918,41803],{"class":58},[52,41920,63],{"class":62},[52,41922,8556],{"class":58},[52,41924,92],{"class":84},[52,41926,8756],{"class":88},[52,41928,8763],{"class":84},[52,41930,41931,41933,41935,41937,41939,41941],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,41932,81],{"class":80},[52,41934,85],{"class":84},[52,41936,2308],{"class":1929},[52,41938,85],{"class":84},[52,41940,41830],{"class":88},[52,41942,108],{"class":84},[20,41944,41945],{},"Why this helps:",[176,41947,41948,41954,41959,41965],{},[179,41949,41950,41953],{},[15,41951,41952],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[179,41955,41956,21493],{},[15,41957,41958],{},"print(type(value))",[179,41960,41961,41964],{},[15,41962,41963],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[179,41966,41967,41969],{},[15,41968,1837],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[412,41971,41973],{"id":41972},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41975,41976],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[43,41978,41980],{"className":45,"code":41979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41981,41982,42001,42005,42011,42026,42045,42054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41983,41984,41986,41988,41990,41992,41994,41997,41999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41985,2565],{"class":58},[52,41987,63],{"class":62},[52,41989,8366],{"class":80},[52,41991,85],{"class":84},[52,41993,100],{"class":66},[52,41995,41996],{"class":70},"Enter a number: ",[52,41998,100],{"class":66},[52,42000,329],{"class":84},[52,42002,42003],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42004,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,42006,42007,42009],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,42008,29930],{"class":761},[52,42010,804],{"class":84},[52,42012,42013,42016,42018,42020,42022,42024],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,42014,42015],{"class":58},"    number ",[52,42017,63],{"class":62},[52,42019,40381],{"class":1929},[52,42021,85],{"class":84},[52,42023,2591],{"class":88},[52,42025,329],{"class":84},[52,42027,42028,42030,42032,42034,42037,42039,42041,42043],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,42029,784],{"class":80},[52,42031,85],{"class":84},[52,42033,100],{"class":66},[52,42035,42036],{"class":70},"Converted:",[52,42038,100],{"class":66},[52,42040,318],{"class":84},[52,42042,2313],{"class":88},[52,42044,329],{"class":84},[52,42046,42047,42049,42052],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,42048,29961],{"class":761},[52,42050,42051],{"class":1929}," ValueError",[52,42053,804],{"class":84},[52,42055,42056,42058,42060,42062,42065,42067],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,42057,784],{"class":80},[52,42059,85],{"class":84},[52,42061,100],{"class":66},[52,42063,42064],{"class":70},"That is not a valid number.",[52,42066,100],{"class":66},[52,42068,329],{"class":84},[20,42070,42071,42072,92],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[289,42073,41022],{"href":41021},[38,42075,42077],{"id":42076},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42079,10712,42080,342,42082,42084],{},[15,42081,3002],{},[15,42083,2996],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42086,42087,42089],{},[15,42088,3002],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[43,42091,42093],{"className":45,"code":42092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42094,42095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42096,42097,42099,42101,42103,42105,42107,42110,42112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42098,81],{"class":80},[52,42100,85],{"class":84},[52,42102,2308],{"class":1929},[52,42104,85],{"class":84},[52,42106,100],{"class":66},[52,42108,42109],{"class":70},"3.9",[52,42111,100],{"class":66},[52,42113,108],{"class":84},[20,42115,135],{},[43,42117,42119],{"className":45,"code":42118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.9\n",[15,42120,42121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42122,42123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42124,42118],{"class":608},[20,42126,42127,42129],{},[15,42128,2996],{}," creates whole numbers:",[43,42131,42133],{"className":45,"code":42132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42134,42135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143,42145,42147,42149,42151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42138,81],{"class":80},[52,42140,85],{"class":84},[52,42142,2304],{"class":1929},[52,42144,85],{"class":84},[52,42146,100],{"class":66},[52,42148,2448],{"class":70},[52,42150,100],{"class":66},[52,42152,108],{"class":84},[20,42154,135],{},[43,42156,42157],{"className":45,"code":2494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42158,42159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42160,42161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42162,2494],{"class":608},[20,42164,42165,42166,42169],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42167,42168],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[43,42171,42173],{"className":45,"code":42172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42174,42175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42176,42177,42179,42181,42183,42185,42187,42189,42191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42178,81],{"class":80},[52,42180,85],{"class":84},[52,42182,2304],{"class":1929},[52,42184,85],{"class":84},[52,42186,100],{"class":66},[52,42188,42109],{"class":70},[52,42190,100],{"class":66},[52,42192,108],{"class":84},[20,42194,3121,42195,8723,42197,42200],{},[15,42196,40830],{},[15,42198,42199],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42202,10835],{},[176,42204,42205,42211],{},[179,42206,42207,42210],{},[15,42208,42209],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[179,42212,42213,42215],{},[15,42214,42168],{}," fails",[20,42217,42218,42219,42222,42223,42225],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[289,42220,42221],{"href":2993},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[289,42224,2538],{"href":2537}," helpful.",[38,42227,1940],{"id":1939},[412,42229,42231],{"id":42230},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42233,42234,42235,32,42237,92],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42236,2610],{},[15,42238,40269],{},[412,42240,42242],{"id":42241},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42244,42245,42246,32,42249,92],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42247,42248],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42250,42251],{},"\"10\"",[412,42253,42255],{"id":42254},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42257,29187,42258,42260,42261,92],{},[15,42259,41656],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42262,40830],{},[412,42264,42266],{"id":42265},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42268,5272,42269,92],{},[15,42270,3891],{},[412,42272,42274],{"id":42273},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42276,42277,42278,42280,42281,342,42284,42280,42286,92],{},"Yes. ",[15,42279,31],{}," becomes ",[15,42282,42283],{},"1.0",[15,42285,35],{},[15,42287,3891],{},[38,42289,2005],{"id":2004},[176,42291,42292,42296,42302,42307,42311,42315],{},[179,42293,42294],{},[289,42295,42221],{"href":2993},[179,42297,42298],{},[289,42299,42301],{"href":42300},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[179,42303,42304],{},[289,42305,42306],{"href":41017},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[179,42308,42309],{},[289,42310,9178],{"href":9100},[179,42312,42313],{},[289,42314,41022],{"href":41021},[179,42316,42317],{},[289,42318,42319],{"href":8343},"Python input() Function Explained",[2035,42321,42322],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":42324},[42325,42326,42327,42328,42335,42340,42341,42348,42353,42360,42361,42368],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":40316,"depth":77,"text":40317},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":40541,"depth":77,"text":40542,"children":42329},[42330,42331,42332,42333,42334],{"id":40550,"depth":111,"text":40551},{"id":40614,"depth":111,"text":40615},{"id":40678,"depth":111,"text":40679},{"id":40720,"depth":111,"text":40721},{"id":40775,"depth":111,"text":40776},{"id":40814,"depth":77,"text":40815,"children":42336},[42337,42338,42339],{"id":40823,"depth":111,"text":40824},{"id":40909,"depth":111,"text":40910},{"id":40979,"depth":111,"text":40980},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":41171,"depth":77,"text":41172,"children":42342},[42343,42345,42346,42347],{"id":41175,"depth":111,"text":42344},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41268,"depth":111,"text":41269},{"id":41354,"depth":111,"text":41355},{"id":41416,"depth":111,"text":41417},{"id":41476,"depth":77,"text":41477,"children":42349},[42350,42351,42352],{"id":41485,"depth":111,"text":41486},{"id":41524,"depth":111,"text":41525},{"id":41565,"depth":111,"text":41566},{"id":41630,"depth":77,"text":41631,"children":42354},[42355,42356,42357,42358,42359],{"id":41640,"depth":111,"text":40830},{"id":41706,"depth":111,"text":3124},{"id":41773,"depth":111,"text":41774},{"id":41846,"depth":111,"text":41847},{"id":41972,"depth":111,"text":41973},{"id":42076,"depth":77,"text":42077},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":42362},[42363,42364,42365,42366,42367],{"id":42230,"depth":111,"text":42231},{"id":42241,"depth":111,"text":42242},{"id":42254,"depth":111,"text":42255},{"id":42265,"depth":111,"text":42266},{"id":42273,"depth":111,"text":42274},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40217,"description":42369},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42376,"title":42377,"body":42378,"description":43598,"extension":2078,"meta":43599,"navigation":221,"path":35149,"seo":43600,"stem":43601,"__hash__":43602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42379,"toc":43564},[42380,42383,42388,42391,42393,42432,42446,42450,42455,42458,42475,42478,42488,42503,42506,42508,42511,42527,42530,42533,42553,42557,42568,42571,42575,42579,42593,42628,42632,42643,42678,42681,42683,42691,42724,42740,42742,42752,42773,42784,42786,42791,42794,42808,42810,42829,42832,42845,42848,42852,42856,42870,42873,42891,42894,42909,42913,42918,42932,42938,42940,42996,42998,43031,43034,43050,43054,43061,43065,43070,43073,43084,43088,43093,43108,43117,43122,43141,43144,43156,43158,43163,43173,43176,43205,43210,43219,43223,43228,43231,43235,43240,43242,43272,43275,43282,43287,43292,43296,43299,43307,43310,43388,43391,43413,43415,43419,43422,43426,43432,43495,43499,43507,43511,43514,43516,43541,43561],[10,42381,42377],{"id":42382},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42384,3703,42385,42387],{},[15,42386,35152],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42389,42390],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[38,42392,41],{"id":40},[43,42394,42396],{"className":45,"code":42395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42397,42398,42408,42418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42399,42400,42402,42404,42406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42401,32278],{"class":80},[52,42403,85],{"class":84},[52,42405,11284],{"class":80},[52,42407,329],{"class":84},[52,42409,42410,42412,42414,42416],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42411,32278],{"class":80},[52,42413,85],{"class":84},[52,42415,3563],{"class":1929},[52,42417,329],{"class":84},[52,42419,42420,42422,42424,42426,42428,42430],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,42421,32278],{"class":80},[52,42423,85],{"class":84},[52,42425,1888],{"class":66},[52,42427,34785],{"class":70},[52,42429,1888],{"class":66},[52,42431,329],{"class":84},[20,42433,154,42434,42436,42437,32,42439,42441,42442,42445],{},[15,42435,35152],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42438,11284],{},[15,42440,3563],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42443,42444],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[38,42447,42449],{"id":42448},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42451,42452,42454],{},[15,42453,35152],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42456,42457],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[176,42459,42460,42463,42466,42469,42472],{},[179,42461,42462],{},"Functions",[179,42464,42465],{},"Classes",[179,42467,42468],{},"Methods",[179,42470,42471],{},"Modules",[179,42473,42474],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42476,42477],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42479,42480,42481,42487],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[289,42482,42484],{"href":42483},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42485,42486],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[43,42489,42491],{"className":45,"code":42490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\n",[15,42492,42493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42494,42495,42497,42499,42501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42496,32278],{"class":80},[52,42498,85],{"class":84},[52,42500,11284],{"class":80},[52,42502,329],{"class":84},[20,42504,42505],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[38,42507,296],{"id":295},[20,42509,42510],{},"The main form is:",[43,42512,42514],{"className":45,"code":42513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(object)\n",[15,42515,42516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42517,42518,42520,42522,42525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42519,32278],{"class":80},[52,42521,85],{"class":84},[52,42523,42524],{"class":1929},"object",[52,42526,329],{"class":84},[20,42528,42529],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42531,42532],{},"Common examples include:",[176,42534,42535,42539,42544,42548],{},[179,42536,42537],{},[15,42538,11284],{},[179,42540,42541],{},[15,42542,42543],{},"list.append",[179,42545,42546],{},[15,42547,3563],{},[179,42549,42550],{},[15,42551,42552],{},"open",[20,42554,7298,42555,7301],{},[15,42556,35152],{},[43,42558,42560],{"className":45,"code":42559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help()\n",[15,42561,42562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42563,42564,42566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42565,32278],{"class":80},[52,42567,8763],{"class":84},[20,42569,42570],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[38,42572,42574],{"id":42573},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[412,42576,42578],{"id":42577},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42580,42581,42582,2305,42584,2305,42586,17198,42589,92],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42583,11284],{},[15,42585,81],{},[15,42587,42588],{},"input",[289,42590,42591],{"href":2416},[15,42592,2419],{},[43,42594,42596],{"className":45,"code":42595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42597,42598,42608,42618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42599,42600,42602,42604,42606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42601,32278],{"class":80},[52,42603,85],{"class":84},[52,42605,81],{"class":80},[52,42607,329],{"class":84},[52,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42611,32278],{"class":80},[52,42613,85],{"class":84},[52,42615,42588],{"class":80},[52,42617,329],{"class":84},[52,42619,42620,42622,42624,42626],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,42621,32278],{"class":80},[52,42623,85],{"class":84},[52,42625,1930],{"class":1929},[52,42627,329],{"class":84},[412,42629,42631],{"id":42630},"data-types","Data types",[20,42633,42634,42635,2305,42637,2305,42639,17198,42641,92],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42636,3563],{},[15,42638,8217],{},[15,42640,8941],{},[15,42642,6410],{},[43,42644,42646],{"className":45,"code":42645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42647,42648,42658,42668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42649,42650,42652,42654,42656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42651,32278],{"class":80},[52,42653,85],{"class":84},[52,42655,3563],{"class":1929},[52,42657,329],{"class":84},[52,42659,42660,42662,42664,42666],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42661,32278],{"class":80},[52,42663,85],{"class":84},[52,42665,8217],{"class":1929},[52,42667,329],{"class":84},[52,42669,42670,42672,42674,42676],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,42671,32278],{"class":80},[52,42673,85],{"class":84},[52,42675,8941],{"class":1929},[52,42677,329],{"class":84},[20,42679,42680],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[412,42682,42468],{"id":34632},[20,42684,42685,42686,342,42689,92],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42687,42688],{},"str.split",[15,42690,42543],{},[43,42692,42694],{"className":45,"code":42693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42695,42696,42710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42697,42698,42700,42702,42704,42706,42708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42699,32278],{"class":80},[52,42701,85],{"class":84},[52,42703,3563],{"class":1929},[52,42705,92],{"class":84},[52,42707,34595],{"class":1803},[52,42709,329],{"class":84},[52,42711,42712,42714,42716,42718,42720,42722],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42713,32278],{"class":80},[52,42715,85],{"class":84},[52,42717,8217],{"class":1929},[52,42719,92],{"class":84},[52,42721,13677],{"class":1803},[52,42723,329],{"class":84},[20,42725,42726,42727,1635,42729,28439,42734,42736,42737,42739],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42728,35152],{},[289,42730,42732],{"href":42731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42733,34438],{},[15,42735,34438],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42738,35152],{}," explains one of them.",[412,42741,42471],{"id":34785},[20,42743,42744,42745,2305,42747,17198,42749,92],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42746,18542],{},[15,42748,35315],{},[15,42750,42751],{},"os",[43,42753,42755],{"className":45,"code":42754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42756,42757,42763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42758,42759,42761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42760,35216],{"class":761},[52,42762,35219],{"class":58},[52,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42766,32278],{"class":80},[52,42768,85],{"class":84},[52,42770,18542],{"class":88},[52,42772,329],{"class":84},[20,42774,42775,42776,42780,42781,92],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[289,42777,42779],{"href":42778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[289,42782,35282],{"href":42783},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[38,42785,35043],{"id":35042},[20,42787,42788,42790],{},[15,42789,35152],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42792,42793],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[176,42795,42796,42799,42802,42805],{},[179,42797,42798],{},"The function signature",[179,42800,42801],{},"The short description",[179,42803,42804],{},"Parameter names",[179,42806,42807],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42809,5595],{},[43,42811,42813],{"className":45,"code":42812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42814,42815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42816,42817,42819,42821,42823,42825,42827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42818,32278],{"class":80},[52,42820,85],{"class":84},[52,42822,3563],{"class":1929},[52,42824,92],{"class":84},[52,42826,34595],{"class":1803},[52,42828,329],{"class":84},[20,42830,42831],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[176,42833,42834,42837,42840,42842],{},[179,42835,42836],{},"What object this is",[179,42838,42839],{},"What arguments it accepts",[179,42841,22096],{},[179,42843,42844],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42846,42847],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[38,42849,42851],{"id":42850},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42853,42854,30000],{},[15,42855,35152],{},[176,42857,42858,42861,42864,42867],{},[179,42859,42860],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[179,42862,42863],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[179,42865,42866],{},"You are exploring a new module",[179,42868,42869],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42871,42872],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[43,42874,42875],{"className":45,"code":42812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42876,42877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42878,42879,42881,42883,42885,42887,42889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42880,32278],{"class":80},[52,42882,85],{"class":84},[52,42884,3563],{"class":1929},[52,42886,92],{"class":84},[52,42888,34595],{"class":1803},[52,42890,329],{"class":84},[20,42892,42893],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[43,42895,42897],{"className":45,"code":42896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(open)\n",[15,42898,42899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42900,42901,42903,42905,42907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42902,32278],{"class":80},[52,42904,85],{"class":84},[52,42906,42552],{"class":80},[52,42908,329],{"class":84},[38,42910,42912],{"id":42911},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42914,42915,42917],{},[15,42916,35152],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[176,42919,42920,42923,42926,42929],{},[179,42921,42922],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[179,42924,42925],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[179,42927,42928],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[179,42930,42931],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42933,42934,42935,42937],{},"So, ",[15,42936,35152],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42939,5595],{},[43,42941,42943],{"className":45,"code":42942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42944,42945,42958,42981,42985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42946,42947,42949,42951,42953,42956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42948,207],{"class":58},[52,42950,63],{"class":62},[52,42952,67],{"class":66},[52,42954,42955],{"class":70},"a,b,c",[52,42957,74],{"class":66},[52,42959,42960,42963,42965,42967,42969,42971,42973,42975,42977,42979],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,42961,42962],{"class":58},"parts ",[52,42964,63],{"class":62},[52,42966,1705],{"class":58},[52,42968,92],{"class":84},[52,42970,34595],{"class":88},[52,42972,85],{"class":84},[52,42974,100],{"class":66},[52,42976,318],{"class":70},[52,42978,100],{"class":66},[52,42980,329],{"class":84},[52,42982,42983],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,42984,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,42986,42987,42989,42991,42994],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,42988,81],{"class":80},[52,42990,85],{"class":84},[52,42992,42993],{"class":88},"parts",[52,42995,329],{"class":84},[20,42997,5682],{},[43,42999,43001],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43002,43003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43004,43005,43007,43009,43011,43013,43015,43017,43019,43021,43023,43025,43027,43029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43006,4021],{"class":84},[52,43008,1888],{"class":66},[52,43010,289],{"class":70},[52,43012,1888],{"class":66},[52,43014,318],{"class":84},[52,43016,3416],{"class":66},[52,43018,4883],{"class":70},[52,43020,1888],{"class":66},[52,43022,318],{"class":84},[52,43024,3416],{"class":66},[52,43026,9860],{"class":70},[52,43028,1888],{"class":66},[52,43030,3757],{"class":84},[20,43032,43033],{},"A good workflow is:",[28839,43035,43036,43041,43044,43047],{},[179,43037,154,43038,43040],{},[15,43039,35152],{}," to inspect something",[179,43042,43043],{},"Write a tiny example",[179,43045,43046],{},"Check the result",[179,43048,43049],{},"Repeat",[38,43051,43053],{"id":43052},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43055,43056,342,43058,43060],{},[15,43057,35152],{},[15,43059,34438],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[412,43062,43063],{"id":32278},[15,43064,35152],{},[20,43066,154,43067,43069],{},[15,43068,35152],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43071,43072],{},"It tells you:",[176,43074,43075,43078,43081],{},[179,43076,43077],{},"What something is",[179,43079,43080],{},"How to use it",[179,43082,43083],{},"What parameters it accepts",[412,43085,43086],{"id":34499},[15,43087,34438],{},[20,43089,154,43090,43092],{},[15,43091,34438],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[43,43094,43096],{"className":45,"code":43095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dir(str)\n",[15,43097,43098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43099,43100,43102,43104,43106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43101,34499],{"class":80},[52,43103,85],{"class":84},[52,43105,3563],{"class":1929},[52,43107,329],{"class":84},[20,43109,43110,43111,2305,43113,17198,43115,92],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43112,34595],{},[15,43114,8756],{},[15,43116,1238],{},[20,43118,43119,43120,174],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43121,35152],{},[43,43123,43125],{"className":45,"code":43124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43126,43127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43128,43129,43131,43133,43135,43137,43139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43130,32278],{"class":80},[52,43132,85],{"class":84},[52,43134,3563],{"class":1929},[52,43136,92],{"class":84},[52,43138,1238],{"class":1803},[52,43140,329],{"class":84},[20,43142,43143],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[176,43145,43146,43151],{},[179,43147,154,43148,43150],{},[15,43149,34438],{}," to discover options",[179,43152,154,43153,43155],{},[15,43154,35152],{}," to understand one option",[38,43157,1445],{"id":1444},[20,43159,43160,43161,92],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43162,35152],{},[412,43164,1828,43166,43169,43170],{"id":43165},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43167,43168],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43171,43172],{},"help(len)",[20,43174,43175],{},"These are not always the same.",[43,43177,43179],{"className":45,"code":43178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43180,43181,43191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43182,43183,43185,43187,43189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43184,32278],{"class":80},[52,43186,85],{"class":84},[52,43188,11284],{"class":80},[52,43190,329],{"class":84},[52,43192,43193,43195,43197,43199,43201,43203],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43194,32278],{"class":80},[52,43196,85],{"class":84},[52,43198,1888],{"class":66},[52,43200,11284],{"class":70},[52,43202,1888],{"class":66},[52,43204,329],{"class":84},[20,43206,43207,43209],{},[15,43208,43172],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43211,43212,43214,43215,43218],{},[15,43213,43168],{}," treats ",[15,43216,43217],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[412,43220,43222],{"id":43221},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43224,43225,43227],{},[15,43226,35152],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43229,43230],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[412,43232,43234],{"id":43233},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43236,40469,43237,43239],{},[15,43238,35152],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43241,197],{},[43,43243,43245],{"className":45,"code":43244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43246,43247,43257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43248,43249,43251,43253,43255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43250,32278],{"class":80},[52,43252,85],{"class":84},[52,43254,11284],{"class":80},[52,43256,329],{"class":84},[52,43258,43259,43261,43263,43265,43268,43270],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43260,81],{"class":80},[52,43262,85],{"class":84},[52,43264,100],{"class":66},[52,43266,43267],{"class":70},"Done",[52,43269,100],{"class":66},[52,43271,329],{"class":84},[20,43273,43274],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[412,43276,1632,43278,1635,43280],{"id":43277},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43279,35152],{},[15,43281,34438],{},[20,43283,43284,43285,92],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43286,34438],{},[20,43288,43289,43290,92],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43291,35152],{},[38,43293,43295],{"id":43294},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43297,43298],{},"Open Python:",[43,43300,43301],{"className":45,"code":35668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,43302,43303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43304,43305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43306,35668],{"class":58},[20,43308,43309],{},"Then test these commands:",[43,43311,43313],{"className":45,"code":43312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43314,43315,43325,43339,43353,43363,43378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43316,43317,43319,43321,43323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43318,32278],{"class":80},[52,43320,85],{"class":84},[52,43322,11284],{"class":80},[52,43324,329],{"class":84},[52,43326,43327,43329,43331,43333,43335,43337],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43328,32278],{"class":80},[52,43330,85],{"class":84},[52,43332,3563],{"class":1929},[52,43334,92],{"class":84},[52,43336,34595],{"class":1803},[52,43338,329],{"class":84},[52,43340,43341,43343,43345,43347,43349,43351],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,43342,32278],{"class":80},[52,43344,85],{"class":84},[52,43346,8217],{"class":1929},[52,43348,92],{"class":84},[52,43350,13677],{"class":1803},[52,43352,329],{"class":84},[52,43354,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,43356,32278],{"class":80},[52,43358,85],{"class":84},[52,43360,42552],{"class":80},[52,43362,329],{"class":84},[52,43364,43365,43367,43369,43371,43374,43376],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,43366,32278],{"class":80},[52,43368,85],{"class":84},[52,43370,1888],{"class":66},[52,43372,43373],{"class":70},"keywords",[52,43375,1888],{"class":66},[52,43377,329],{"class":84},[52,43379,43380,43382,43384,43386],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,43381,34499],{"class":80},[52,43383,85],{"class":84},[52,43385,3563],{"class":1929},[52,43387,329],{"class":84},[20,43389,43390],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[176,43392,43393,43396,43399,43402,43405,43408],{},[179,43394,43395],{},"A built-in function",[179,43397,43398],{},"A string method",[179,43400,43401],{},"A list method",[179,43403,43404],{},"A built-in file function",[179,43406,43407],{},"A special help topic",[179,43409,15313,43410,43412],{},[15,43411,34438],{}," example for comparison",[38,43414,1940],{"id":1939},[412,43416,43418],{"id":43417},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43420,43421],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[412,43423,43425],{"id":43424},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43427,43428,43429,43431],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43430,35152],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[43,43433,43435],{"className":45,"code":43434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43436,43437,43449,43462,43481,43485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43438,43439,43441,43443,43445,43447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43440,34976],{"class":2180},[52,43442,34980],{"class":34979},[52,43444,85],{"class":84},[52,43446,459],{"class":37788},[52,43448,779],{"class":84},[52,43450,43451,43455,43459],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43452,43454],{"class":43453},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[52,43456,43458],{"class":43457},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[52,43460,43461],{"class":43453},"\"\"\"\n",[52,43463,43464,43466,43469,43472,43474,43476,43478],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,43465,34987],{"class":761},[52,43467,43468],{"class":2180}," f",[52,43470,43471],{"class":70},"\"Hello, ",[52,43473,9398],{"class":608},[52,43475,459],{"class":58},[52,43477,22429],{"class":608},[52,43479,43480],{"class":70},"!\"\n",[52,43482,43483],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,43484,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,43486,43487,43489,43491,43493],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,43488,32278],{"class":80},[52,43490,85],{"class":84},[52,43492,35022],{"class":88},[52,43494,329],{"class":84},[412,43496,43498],{"id":43497},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43500,43501,43503,43504,43506],{},[15,43502,43172],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43505,43168],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[412,43508,43510],{"id":43509},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43512,43513],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[38,43515,2005],{"id":2004},[176,43517,43518,43523,43527,43532,43537],{},[179,43519,43520],{},[289,43521,43522],{"href":42731},"Python dir() function explained",[179,43524,43525],{},[289,43526,8565],{"href":2416},[179,43528,43529],{},[289,43530,43531],{"href":42483},"Python len() function explained",[179,43533,43534],{},[289,43535,43536],{"href":42778},"How import works in Python",[179,43538,43539],{},[289,43540,35282],{"href":42783},[20,43542,43543,43544,43546,43547,2305,43549,17198,43551,43553,43554,32,43557,43560],{},"Try ",[15,43545,35152],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43548,11284],{},[15,43550,81],{},[15,43552,42588],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43555,43556],{},"dir(str)",[15,43558,43559],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2035,43562,43563],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":43565},[43566,43567,43568,43569,43575,43576,43577,43578,43582,43590,43591,43597],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":42448,"depth":77,"text":42449},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":42573,"depth":77,"text":42574,"children":43570},[43571,43572,43573,43574],{"id":42577,"depth":111,"text":42578},{"id":42630,"depth":111,"text":42631},{"id":34632,"depth":111,"text":42468},{"id":34785,"depth":111,"text":42471},{"id":35042,"depth":77,"text":35043},{"id":42850,"depth":77,"text":42851},{"id":42911,"depth":77,"text":42912},{"id":43052,"depth":77,"text":43053,"children":43579},[43580,43581],{"id":32278,"depth":111,"text":35152},{"id":34499,"depth":111,"text":34438},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":43583},[43584,43586,43587,43588],{"id":43165,"depth":111,"text":43585},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43221,"depth":111,"text":43222},{"id":43233,"depth":111,"text":43234},{"id":43277,"depth":111,"text":43589},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43294,"depth":77,"text":43295},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":43592},[43593,43594,43595,43596],{"id":43417,"depth":111,"text":43418},{"id":43424,"depth":111,"text":43425},{"id":43497,"depth":111,"text":43498},{"id":43509,"depth":111,"text":43510},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42377,"description":43598},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43604,"title":43605,"body":43606,"description":44965,"extension":2078,"meta":44966,"navigation":221,"path":44967,"seo":44968,"stem":44969,"__hash__":44970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43607,"toc":44938},[43608,43614,43619,43625,43635,43694,43704,43715,43720,43726,43728,43746,43754,43756,43758,43773,43776,43787,43789,43880,43883,43887,43892,43913,43915,44026,44028,44055,44066,44070,44073,44156,44158,44166,44172,44178,44182,44185,44295,44297,44309,44312,44326,44334,44341,44346,44360,44366,44479,44481,44542,44545,44551,44557,44560,44582,44585,44655,44658,44689,44696,44698,44701,44719,44722,44734,44740,44742,44747,44772,44775,44847,44849,44855,44858,44864,44867,44873,44883,44889,44892,44899,44902,44904,44935],[10,43609,3696,43611,3700],{"id":43610},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43612,43613],{},"id()",[20,43615,32443,43616,43618],{},[15,43617,43613],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43620,43621,43622,43624],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43623,43613],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43626,154,43627,43629,43630,43632,43633,92],{},[15,43628,43613],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3865,43631,4752],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43634,4810],{},[43,43636,43638],{"className":45,"code":43637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43639,43640,43652,43666,43670,43680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43641,43642,43644,43646,43648,43650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43643,441],{"class":58},[52,43645,63],{"class":62},[52,43647,67],{"class":66},[52,43649,7420],{"class":70},[52,43651,74],{"class":66},[52,43653,43654,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43655,81],{"class":80},[52,43657,85],{"class":84},[52,43659,12772],{"class":80},[52,43661,85],{"class":84},[52,43663,459],{"class":88},[52,43665,108],{"class":84},[52,43667,43668],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,43669,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,43671,43672,43675,43677],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,43673,43674],{"class":58},"other ",[52,43676,63],{"class":62},[52,43678,43679],{"class":58}," name\n",[52,43681,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690,43692],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,43683,81],{"class":80},[52,43685,85],{"class":84},[52,43687,12772],{"class":80},[52,43689,85],{"class":84},[52,43691,30869],{"class":88},[52,43693,108],{"class":84},[20,43695,43696,43697,43700,43701,43703],{},"In this example, ",[15,43698,43699],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43702,43613],{}," values match.",[43705,43706,43707],"blockquote",{},[20,43708,154,43709,43711,43712,43714],{},[15,43710,43613],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43713,4810],{}," for value comparison.",[38,43716,166,43718,169],{"id":43717},"what-id-does",[15,43719,43613],{},[20,43721,43722,43725],{},[15,43723,43724],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43727,13175],{},[176,43729,43730,43733,43740,43743],{},[179,43731,43732],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[179,43734,43735,43736,43739],{},"It shows ",[3865,43737,43738],{},"object identity",", not object value",[179,43741,43742],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[179,43744,43745],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43747,43748,43749,43753],{},"This is closely related to how ",[289,43750,43752],{"href":43751},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[38,43755,296],{"id":295},[20,43757,5557],{},[43,43759,43761],{"className":45,"code":43760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"id(object)\n",[15,43762,43763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43764,43765,43767,43769,43771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43766,12772],{"class":80},[52,43768,85],{"class":84},[52,43770,42524],{"class":1929},[52,43772,329],{"class":84},[20,43774,43775],{},"Important details:",[176,43777,43778,43781,43784],{},[179,43779,43780],{},"It takes one argument",[179,43782,43783],{},"It returns an integer",[179,43785,43786],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43788,197],{},[43,43790,43792],{"className":45,"code":43791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43793,43794,43806,43814,43834,43838,43852,43866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43795,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43797,207],{"class":58},[52,43799,63],{"class":62},[52,43801,67],{"class":66},[52,43803,266],{"class":70},[52,43805,74],{"class":66},[52,43807,43808,43810,43812],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43809,2333],{"class":58},[52,43811,63],{"class":62},[52,43813,2888],{"class":608},[52,43815,43816,43818,43820,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,43817,7903],{"class":58},[52,43819,63],{"class":62},[52,43821,3744],{"class":84},[52,43823,3106],{"class":608},[52,43825,318],{"class":84},[52,43827,3111],{"class":608},[52,43829,318],{"class":84},[52,43831,609],{"class":608},[52,43833,3757],{"class":84},[52,43835,43836],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,43837,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,43839,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,43841,81],{"class":80},[52,43843,85],{"class":84},[52,43845,12772],{"class":80},[52,43847,85],{"class":84},[52,43849,231],{"class":88},[52,43851,108],{"class":84},[52,43853,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862,43864],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,43855,81],{"class":80},[52,43857,85],{"class":84},[52,43859,12772],{"class":80},[52,43861,85],{"class":84},[52,43863,2356],{"class":88},[52,43865,108],{"class":84},[52,43867,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,43869,81],{"class":80},[52,43871,85],{"class":84},[52,43873,12772],{"class":80},[52,43875,85],{"class":84},[52,43877,7934],{"class":88},[52,43879,108],{"class":84},[20,43881,43882],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[38,43884,43886],{"id":43885},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43888,43889,43890,92],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43891,43613],{},[176,43893,43894,43901,43908],{},[179,43895,43896,43898,43899],{},[15,43897,4810],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3865,43900,2591],{},[179,43902,43903,43905,43906],{},[15,43904,835],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3865,43907,42524],{},[179,43909,43910,43912],{},[15,43911,43613],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43914,197],{},[43,43916,43918],{"className":45,"code":43917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43919,43920,43940,43960,43964,43981,43998,44012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43921,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43923,2673],{"class":58},[52,43925,63],{"class":62},[52,43927,3744],{"class":84},[52,43929,3106],{"class":608},[52,43931,318],{"class":84},[52,43933,3111],{"class":608},[52,43935,318],{"class":84},[52,43937,609],{"class":608},[52,43939,3757],{"class":84},[52,43941,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,43943,2701],{"class":58},[52,43945,63],{"class":62},[52,43947,3744],{"class":84},[52,43949,3106],{"class":608},[52,43951,318],{"class":84},[52,43953,3111],{"class":608},[52,43955,318],{"class":84},[52,43957,609],{"class":608},[52,43959,3757],{"class":84},[52,43961,43962],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,43963,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,43965,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,43967,81],{"class":80},[52,43969,85],{"class":84},[52,43971,2673],{"class":88},[52,43973,4810],{"class":62},[52,43975,2678],{"class":88},[52,43977,3784],{"class":84},[52,43979,43980],{"class":1479},"   # True\n",[52,43982,43983,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,43984,81],{"class":80},[52,43986,85],{"class":84},[52,43988,2673],{"class":88},[52,43990,835],{"class":761},[52,43992,2678],{"class":88},[52,43994,3784],{"class":84},[52,43996,43997],{"class":1479},"   # False\n",[52,43999,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,44001,81],{"class":80},[52,44003,85],{"class":84},[52,44005,12772],{"class":80},[52,44007,85],{"class":84},[52,44009,289],{"class":88},[52,44011,108],{"class":84},[52,44013,44014,44016,44018,44020,44022,44024],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,44015,81],{"class":80},[52,44017,85],{"class":84},[52,44019,12772],{"class":80},[52,44021,85],{"class":84},[52,44023,4883],{"class":88},[52,44025,108],{"class":84},[20,44027,2294],{},[176,44029,44030,44038,44046],{},[179,44031,44032,4906,44035,44037],{},[15,44033,44034],{},"a == b",[15,44036,31],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[179,44039,44040,4906,44043,44045],{},[15,44041,44042],{},"a is b",[15,44044,35],{}," because they are different list objects",[179,44047,44048,342,44051,44054],{},[15,44049,44050],{},"id(a)",[15,44052,44053],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44056,44057,44058,342,44062,92],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[289,44059,44061],{"href":44060},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[289,44063,44065],{"href":44064},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[38,44067,44069],{"id":44068},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44071,44072],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[43,44074,44076],{"className":45,"code":44075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44077,44078,44098,44108,44112,44126,44141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44079,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44081,3739],{"class":58},[52,44083,63],{"class":62},[52,44085,3744],{"class":84},[52,44087,2448],{"class":608},[52,44089,318],{"class":84},[52,44091,7914],{"class":608},[52,44093,318],{"class":84},[52,44095,7919],{"class":608},[52,44097,3757],{"class":84},[52,44099,44100,44103,44105],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44101,44102],{"class":58},"other_numbers ",[52,44104,63],{"class":62},[52,44106,44107],{"class":58}," numbers\n",[52,44109,44110],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,44111,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,44113,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,44115,81],{"class":80},[52,44117,85],{"class":84},[52,44119,12772],{"class":80},[52,44121,85],{"class":84},[52,44123,3771],{"class":88},[52,44125,108],{"class":84},[52,44127,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136,44139],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,44129,81],{"class":80},[52,44131,85],{"class":84},[52,44133,12772],{"class":80},[52,44135,85],{"class":84},[52,44137,44138],{"class":88},"other_numbers",[52,44140,108],{"class":84},[52,44142,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151,44154],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,44144,81],{"class":80},[52,44146,85],{"class":84},[52,44148,3739],{"class":88},[52,44150,835],{"class":761},[52,44152,44153],{"class":88}," other_numbers",[52,44155,329],{"class":84},[20,44157,5682],{},[43,44159,44160],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,44161,44162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44163,44164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44165,146],{"class":145},[20,44167,44168,44169,44171],{},"The two ",[15,44170,43613],{}," values will also match.",[20,44173,22315,44174,44177],{},[15,44175,44176],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[38,44179,44181],{"id":44180},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44183,44184],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[43,44186,44188],{"className":45,"code":44187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44189,44190,44211,44232,44236,44251,44265,44280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44191,44192,44195,44197,44199,44201,44203,44205,44207,44209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44193,44194],{"class":58},"list_a ",[52,44196,63],{"class":62},[52,44198,3744],{"class":84},[52,44200,3106],{"class":608},[52,44202,318],{"class":84},[52,44204,3111],{"class":608},[52,44206,318],{"class":84},[52,44208,609],{"class":608},[52,44210,3757],{"class":84},[52,44212,44213,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44214,44215],{"class":58},"list_b ",[52,44217,63],{"class":62},[52,44219,3744],{"class":84},[52,44221,3106],{"class":608},[52,44223,318],{"class":84},[52,44225,3111],{"class":608},[52,44227,318],{"class":84},[52,44229,609],{"class":608},[52,44231,3757],{"class":84},[52,44233,44234],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,44235,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,44237,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44249],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,44239,81],{"class":80},[52,44241,85],{"class":84},[52,44243,44194],{"class":88},[52,44245,4810],{"class":62},[52,44247,44248],{"class":88}," list_b",[52,44250,329],{"class":84},[52,44252,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,44254,81],{"class":80},[52,44256,85],{"class":84},[52,44258,44194],{"class":88},[52,44260,835],{"class":761},[52,44262,44248],{"class":88},[52,44264,329],{"class":84},[52,44266,44267,44269,44271,44273,44275,44278],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,44268,81],{"class":80},[52,44270,85],{"class":84},[52,44272,12772],{"class":80},[52,44274,85],{"class":84},[52,44276,44277],{"class":88},"list_a",[52,44279,108],{"class":84},[52,44281,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290,44293],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,44283,81],{"class":80},[52,44285,85],{"class":84},[52,44287,12772],{"class":80},[52,44289,85],{"class":84},[52,44291,44292],{"class":88},"list_b",[52,44294,108],{"class":84},[20,44296,5682],{},[43,44298,44299],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,44300,44301,44305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44302,44303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44304,146],{"class":145},[52,44306,44307],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44308,151],{"class":145},[20,44310,44311],{},"What this means:",[176,44313,44314,44317,44320],{},[179,44315,44316],{},"The lists are equal in value",[179,44318,44319],{},"They are not the same object",[179,44321,44322,44323,44325],{},"Their ",[15,44324,43613],{}," values are usually different",[20,44327,44328,44329,44331,44332,92],{},"This is why ",[15,44330,43613],{}," should not replace ",[15,44333,4810],{},[38,44335,44337,44338,44340],{"id":44336},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44339,43613],{}," is useful",[20,44342,44343,44345],{},[15,44344,43613],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[176,44347,44348,44351,44354,44357],{},[179,44349,44350],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[179,44352,44353],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[179,44355,44356],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[179,44358,44359],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44361,44362,44363,44365],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44364,43613],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[43,44367,44369],{"className":45,"code":44368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44370,44371,44395,44404,44408,44427,44431,44441,44451,44465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44372,44373,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391,44393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44374,12209],{"class":58},[52,44376,63],{"class":62},[52,44378,3744],{"class":84},[52,44380,100],{"class":66},[52,44382,289],{"class":70},[52,44384,100],{"class":66},[52,44386,318],{"class":84},[52,44388,67],{"class":66},[52,44390,4883],{"class":70},[52,44392,100],{"class":66},[52,44394,3757],{"class":84},[52,44396,44397,44400,44402],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44398,44399],{"class":58},"copy_ref ",[52,44401,63],{"class":62},[52,44403,12247],{"class":58},[52,44405,44406],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,44407,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,44409,44410,44413,44415,44417,44419,44421,44423,44425],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,44411,44412],{"class":58},"copy_ref",[52,44414,92],{"class":84},[52,44416,13677],{"class":88},[52,44418,85],{"class":84},[52,44420,100],{"class":66},[52,44422,9860],{"class":70},[52,44424,100],{"class":66},[52,44426,329],{"class":84},[52,44428,44429],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,44430,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,44432,44433,44435,44437,44439],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,44434,81],{"class":80},[52,44436,85],{"class":84},[52,44438,12256],{"class":88},[52,44440,329],{"class":84},[52,44442,44443,44445,44447,44449],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,44444,81],{"class":80},[52,44446,85],{"class":84},[52,44448,44412],{"class":88},[52,44450,329],{"class":84},[52,44452,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,44454,81],{"class":80},[52,44456,85],{"class":84},[52,44458,12772],{"class":80},[52,44460,85],{"class":84},[52,44462,12256],{"class":88},[52,44464,108],{"class":84},[52,44466,44467,44469,44471,44473,44475,44477],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,44468,81],{"class":80},[52,44470,85],{"class":84},[52,44472,12772],{"class":80},[52,44474,85],{"class":84},[52,44476,44412],{"class":88},[52,44478,108],{"class":84},[20,44480,5682],{},[43,44482,44484],{"className":45,"code":44483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44485,44486,44514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44487,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506,44508,44510,44512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44489,4021],{"class":84},[52,44491,1888],{"class":66},[52,44493,289],{"class":70},[52,44495,1888],{"class":66},[52,44497,318],{"class":84},[52,44499,3416],{"class":66},[52,44501,4883],{"class":70},[52,44503,1888],{"class":66},[52,44505,318],{"class":84},[52,44507,3416],{"class":66},[52,44509,9860],{"class":70},[52,44511,1888],{"class":66},[52,44513,3757],{"class":84},[52,44515,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44517,4021],{"class":84},[52,44519,1888],{"class":66},[52,44521,289],{"class":70},[52,44523,1888],{"class":66},[52,44525,318],{"class":84},[52,44527,3416],{"class":66},[52,44529,4883],{"class":70},[52,44531,1888],{"class":66},[52,44533,318],{"class":84},[52,44535,3416],{"class":66},[52,44537,9860],{"class":70},[52,44539,1888],{"class":66},[52,44541,3757],{"class":84},[20,44543,44544],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[38,44546,44548,44549],{"id":44547},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44550,43613],{},[20,44552,44553,44554,44556],{},"Do not use ",[15,44555,43613],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44558,44559],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[176,44561,44562,44568,44574,44577],{},[179,44563,44564,44565,44567],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44566,4810],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[179,44569,44570,44571,44573],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44572,43613],{}," values across program runs",[179,44575,44576],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[179,44578,44579,44580],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44581,43613],{},[20,44583,44584],{},"Bad example:",[43,44586,44588],{"className":45,"code":44587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44589,44590,44602,44614,44618,44640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44591,44592,44594,44596,44598,44600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44593,2673],{"class":58},[52,44595,63],{"class":62},[52,44597,67],{"class":66},[52,44599,37173],{"class":70},[52,44601,74],{"class":66},[52,44603,44604,44606,44608,44610,44612],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44605,2701],{"class":58},[52,44607,63],{"class":62},[52,44609,67],{"class":66},[52,44611,37173],{"class":70},[52,44613,74],{"class":66},[52,44615,44616],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,44617,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630,44632,44634,44636,44638],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,44621,733],{"class":761},[52,44623,14941],{"class":80},[52,44625,85],{"class":84},[52,44627,289],{"class":88},[52,44629,3784],{"class":84},[52,44631,6531],{"class":62},[52,44633,14941],{"class":80},[52,44635,85],{"class":84},[52,44637,4883],{"class":88},[52,44639,779],{"class":84},[52,44641,44642,44644,44646,44648,44651,44653],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,44643,784],{"class":80},[52,44645,85],{"class":84},[52,44647,100],{"class":66},[52,44649,44650],{"class":70},"The values are equal",[52,44652,100],{"class":66},[52,44654,329],{"class":84},[20,44656,44657],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[43,44659,44661],{"className":45,"code":44660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44662,44663,44675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44664,44665,44667,44669,44671,44673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44666,733],{"class":761},[52,44668,838],{"class":58},[52,44670,4810],{"class":62},[52,44672,2678],{"class":58},[52,44674,804],{"class":84},[52,44676,44677,44679,44681,44683,44685,44687],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44678,784],{"class":80},[52,44680,85],{"class":84},[52,44682,100],{"class":66},[52,44684,44650],{"class":70},[52,44686,100],{"class":66},[52,44688,329],{"class":84},[20,44690,154,44691,32,44693,44695],{},[15,44692,835],{},[15,44694,43613],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[38,44697,20927],{"id":20926},[20,44699,44700],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[176,44702,44703,44706,44709,44714],{},[179,44704,44705],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[179,44707,44708],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[179,44710,44711,44712],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44713,43613],{},[179,44715,44716,44717],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44718,43613],{},[20,44720,44721],{},"The important rule is:",[176,44723,44724,44729],{},[179,44725,154,44726,44728],{},[15,44727,4810],{}," to check value",[179,44730,154,44731,44733],{},[15,44732,835],{}," to check identity",[20,44735,44736,44737,44739],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44738,43613],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[38,44741,1445],{"id":1444},[20,44743,44744,44745,174],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44746,43613],{},[176,44748,44749,44756,44759,44762,44767],{},[179,44750,1828,44751,1831,44753,44755],{},[15,44752,43613],{},[15,44754,4810],{}," should be used",[179,44757,44758],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[179,44760,44761],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[179,44763,44764,44765],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44766,43613],{},[179,44768,1828,44769,44771],{},[15,44770,43613],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44773,44774],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[43,44776,44778],{"className":45,"code":44777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44779,44780,44795,44809,44823,44837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44781,44782,44784,44786,44788,44790,44793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44783,81],{"class":80},[52,44785,85],{"class":84},[52,44787,12772],{"class":80},[52,44789,85],{"class":84},[52,44791,44792],{"class":88},"my_object",[52,44794,108],{"class":84},[52,44796,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805,44807],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,44798,81],{"class":80},[52,44800,85],{"class":84},[52,44802,2673],{"class":88},[52,44804,4810],{"class":62},[52,44806,2678],{"class":88},[52,44808,329],{"class":84},[52,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817,44819,44821],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,44812,81],{"class":80},[52,44814,85],{"class":84},[52,44816,2673],{"class":88},[52,44818,835],{"class":761},[52,44820,2678],{"class":88},[52,44822,329],{"class":84},[52,44824,44825,44827,44829,44831,44833,44835],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,44826,81],{"class":80},[52,44828,85],{"class":84},[52,44830,1930],{"class":1929},[52,44832,85],{"class":84},[52,44834,44792],{"class":88},[52,44836,108],{"class":84},[52,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,44840,32278],{"class":80},[52,44842,85],{"class":84},[52,44844,12772],{"class":80},[52,44846,329],{"class":84},[38,44848,1940],{"id":1939},[412,44850,44852,44853,12838],{"id":44851},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44854,43613],{},[20,44856,44857],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[412,44859,1971,44861,44863],{"id":44860},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44862,43613],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44865,44866],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[412,44868,21546,44870,44872],{"id":44869},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44871,43613],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44874,30396,44875,44877,44878,32,44880,44882],{},[15,44876,4810],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44879,43613],{},[15,44881,835],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[412,44884,44886,44887,1993],{"id":44885},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44888,43613],{},[20,44890,44891],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[412,44893,44895,44896,44898],{"id":44894},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44897,43613],{}," values?",[20,44900,44901],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[38,44903,2005],{"id":2004},[176,44905,44906,44911,44916,44921,44929],{},[179,44907,44908],{},[289,44909,44910],{"href":43751},"Python variables explained for beginners",[179,44912,44913],{},[289,44914,44915],{"href":44060},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[179,44917,44918],{},[289,44919,44920],{"href":44064},"Python data types overview",[179,44922,44923],{},[289,44924,3696,44926,3629],{"href":44925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44927,44928],{},"isinstance()",[179,44930,44931],{},[289,44932,44934],{"href":44933},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2035,44936,44937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":44939},[44940,44942,44943,44944,44945,44946,44948,44950,44951,44952,44964],{"id":43717,"depth":77,"text":44941},"What id() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":43885,"depth":77,"text":43886},{"id":44068,"depth":77,"text":44069},{"id":44180,"depth":77,"text":44181},{"id":44336,"depth":77,"text":44947},"When id() is useful",{"id":44547,"depth":77,"text":44949},"When not to use id()",{"id":20926,"depth":77,"text":20927},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":44953},[44954,44956,44958,44960,44962],{"id":44851,"depth":111,"text":44955},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44860,"depth":111,"text":44957},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44869,"depth":111,"text":44959},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44885,"depth":111,"text":44961},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44894,"depth":111,"text":44963},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43605,"description":44965},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44972,"title":42319,"body":44973,"description":46613,"extension":2078,"meta":46614,"navigation":221,"path":46615,"seo":46616,"stem":46617,"__hash__":46618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44974,"toc":46579},[44975,44980,44985,44988,44990,45033,45038,45041,45046,45051,45054,45070,45072,45116,45118,45145,45147,45162,45164,45166,45168,45184,45186,45198,45201,45235,45238,45263,45268,45270,45275,45279,45282,45284,45332,45334,45367,45373,45384,45386,45438,45440,45471,45473,45477,45481,45524,45530,45536,45588,45596,45601,45605,45696,45698,45731,45734,45736,45796,45798,45824,45834,45836,45840,45845,45850,45852,45889,45891,45910,45913,45917,45920,45976,45988,45997,45999,46026,46034,46041,46045,46048,46085,46088,46094,46131,46133,46137,46143,46161,46166,46214,46218,46307,46310,46317,46319,46321,46326,46344,46346,46389,46395,46412,46414,46476,46478,46480,46486,46494,46500,46506,46515,46525,46529,46537,46539,46541,46576],[10,44976,3696,44978,3700],{"id":44977},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44979,3075],{},[20,44981,2095,44982,44984],{},[15,44983,3075],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44986,44987],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[38,44989,41],{"id":40},[43,44991,44993],{"className":45,"code":44992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44994,44995,45014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44996,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45010,45012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44998,441],{"class":58},[52,45000,63],{"class":62},[52,45002,8366],{"class":80},[52,45004,85],{"class":84},[52,45006,100],{"class":66},[52,45008,45009],{"class":70},"Enter your name: ",[52,45011,100],{"class":66},[52,45013,329],{"class":84},[52,45015,45016,45018,45020,45022,45025,45027,45029,45031],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45017,81],{"class":80},[52,45019,85],{"class":84},[52,45021,100],{"class":66},[52,45023,45024],{"class":70},"Hello, ",[52,45026,100],{"class":66},[52,45028,2572],{"class":62},[52,45030,36118],{"class":88},[52,45032,329],{"class":84},[20,45034,154,45035,45037],{},[15,45036,3075],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45039,45040],"hr",{},[38,45042,166,45044,169],{"id":45043},"what-input-does",[15,45045,3075],{},[20,45047,45048,45050],{},[15,45049,3075],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45052,45053],{},"Here is what happens:",[176,45055,45056,45061,45064,45067],{},[179,45057,45058,45060],{},[15,45059,3075],{}," waits for the user to type",[179,45062,45063],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[179,45065,45066],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[179,45068,45069],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45071,197],{},[43,45073,45075],{"className":45,"code":45074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45076,45077,45097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45078,45079,45082,45084,45086,45088,45090,45093,45095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45080,45081],{"class":58},"color ",[52,45083,63],{"class":62},[52,45085,8366],{"class":80},[52,45087,85],{"class":84},[52,45089,100],{"class":66},[52,45091,45092],{"class":70},"What is your favorite color? ",[52,45094,100],{"class":66},[52,45096,329],{"class":84},[52,45098,45099,45101,45103,45105,45108,45110,45112,45114],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45100,81],{"class":80},[52,45102,85],{"class":84},[52,45104,100],{"class":66},[52,45106,45107],{"class":70},"Your favorite color is",[52,45109,100],{"class":66},[52,45111,318],{"class":84},[52,45113,35977],{"class":88},[52,45115,329],{"class":84},[20,45117,30156],{},[43,45119,45121],{"className":45,"code":45120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45122,45123,45136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45124,45125,45127,45129,45132,45134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45126,166],{"class":58},[52,45128,835],{"class":62},[52,45130,45131],{"class":58}," your favorite color",[52,45133,1993],{"class":37492},[52,45135,36007],{"class":58},[52,45137,45138,45141,45143],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45139,45140],{"class":58},"Your favorite color ",[52,45142,835],{"class":62},[52,45144,36007],{"class":58},[20,45146,20083],{},[176,45148,45149,45154,45159],{},[179,45150,45151,45152],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45153,45092],{},[179,45155,45156,45157],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45158,33017],{},[179,45160,45161],{},"That value is then printed",[45039,45163],{},[38,45165,296],{"id":295},[20,45167,7341],{},[43,45169,45171],{"className":45,"code":45170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45172,45173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45174,45175,45177,45179,45182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45176,42588],{"class":80},[52,45178,85],{"class":84},[52,45180,45181],{"class":88},"prompt",[52,45183,329],{"class":84},[20,45185,11580],{},[176,45187,45188,45192,45195],{},[179,45189,2095,45190,20165],{},[15,45191,45181],{},[179,45193,45194],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[179,45196,45197],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45199,45200],{},"Example with a prompt:",[43,45202,45204],{"className":45,"code":45203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45205,45206,45225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45207,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45221,45223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45209,8085],{"class":58},[52,45211,63],{"class":62},[52,45213,8366],{"class":80},[52,45215,85],{"class":84},[52,45217,100],{"class":66},[52,45219,45220],{"class":70},"Enter your username: ",[52,45222,100],{"class":66},[52,45224,329],{"class":84},[52,45226,45227,45229,45231,45233],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45228,81],{"class":80},[52,45230,85],{"class":84},[52,45232,8109],{"class":88},[52,45234,329],{"class":84},[20,45236,45237],{},"Example without a prompt:",[43,45239,45241],{"className":45,"code":45240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45242,45243,45253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45244,45245,45247,45249,45251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45246,2565],{"class":58},[52,45248,63],{"class":62},[52,45250,8366],{"class":80},[52,45252,8763],{"class":84},[52,45254,45255,45257,45259,45261],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45256,81],{"class":80},[52,45258,85],{"class":84},[52,45260,2591],{"class":88},[52,45262,329],{"class":84},[20,45264,7886,45265,45267],{},[15,45266,3075],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45039,45269],{},[38,45271,166,45273,11828],{"id":45272},"what-input-returns",[15,45274,3075],{},[20,45276,45277,8349],{},[15,45278,3075],{},[20,45280,45281],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45283,197],{},[43,45285,45287],{"className":45,"code":45286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45288,45289,45308,45318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45290,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45304,45306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45292,21754],{"class":58},[52,45294,63],{"class":62},[52,45296,8366],{"class":80},[52,45298,85],{"class":84},[52,45300,100],{"class":66},[52,45302,45303],{"class":70},"Enter your age: ",[52,45305,100],{"class":66},[52,45307,329],{"class":84},[52,45309,45310,45312,45314,45316],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45311,81],{"class":80},[52,45313,85],{"class":84},[52,45315,9419],{"class":88},[52,45317,329],{"class":84},[52,45319,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45321,81],{"class":80},[52,45323,85],{"class":84},[52,45325,1930],{"class":1929},[52,45327,85],{"class":84},[52,45329,9419],{"class":88},[52,45331,108],{"class":84},[20,45333,30156],{},[43,45335,45337],{"className":45,"code":45336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45338,45339,45349,45353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45340,45341,45344,45346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45342,45343],{"class":58},"Enter your age",[52,45345,174],{"class":84},[52,45347,45348],{"class":608}," 25\n",[52,45350,45351],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45352,2828],{"class":608},[52,45354,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45365],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45356,3410],{"class":62},[52,45358,3413],{"class":2180},[52,45360,3416],{"class":66},[52,45362,3563],{"class":70},[52,45364,1888],{"class":66},[52,45366,3423],{"class":62},[20,45368,45369,45370,45372],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45371,9314],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45374,45375,45376,32,45380,92],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[289,45377,45378],{"href":2993},[15,45379,2996],{},[289,45381,45382],{"href":2999},[15,45383,3002],{},[20,45385,197],{},[43,45387,45389],{"className":45,"code":45388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45390,45391,45414,45424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45392,45393,45395,45397,45400,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45394,21754],{"class":58},[52,45396,63],{"class":62},[52,45398,45399],{"class":1929}," int",[52,45401,85],{"class":84},[52,45403,42588],{"class":80},[52,45405,85],{"class":84},[52,45407,100],{"class":66},[52,45409,45303],{"class":70},[52,45411,100],{"class":66},[52,45413,108],{"class":84},[52,45415,45416,45418,45420,45422],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45417,81],{"class":80},[52,45419,85],{"class":84},[52,45421,9419],{"class":88},[52,45423,329],{"class":84},[52,45425,45426,45428,45430,45432,45434,45436],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45427,81],{"class":80},[52,45429,85],{"class":84},[52,45431,1930],{"class":1929},[52,45433,85],{"class":84},[52,45435,9419],{"class":88},[52,45437,108],{"class":84},[20,45439,30156],{},[43,45441,45443],{"className":45,"code":45442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45444,45445,45453,45457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45446,45447,45449,45451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45448,45343],{"class":58},[52,45450,174],{"class":84},[52,45452,45348],{"class":608},[52,45454,45455],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45456,2828],{"class":608},[52,45458,45459,45461,45463,45465,45467,45469],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45460,3410],{"class":62},[52,45462,3413],{"class":2180},[52,45464,3416],{"class":66},[52,45466,2304],{"class":70},[52,45468,1888],{"class":66},[52,45470,3423],{"class":62},[45039,45472],{},[38,45474,45476],{"id":45475},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[412,45478,45480],{"id":45479},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[43,45482,45484],{"className":45,"code":45483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45485,45486,45505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45487,45488,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498,45501,45503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45489,441],{"class":58},[52,45491,63],{"class":62},[52,45493,8366],{"class":80},[52,45495,85],{"class":84},[52,45497,100],{"class":66},[52,45499,45500],{"class":70},"What is your name? ",[52,45502,100],{"class":66},[52,45504,329],{"class":84},[52,45506,45507,45509,45511,45513,45516,45518,45520,45522],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45508,81],{"class":80},[52,45510,85],{"class":84},[52,45512,100],{"class":66},[52,45514,45515],{"class":70},"Hello,",[52,45517,100],{"class":66},[52,45519,318],{"class":84},[52,45521,36118],{"class":88},[52,45523,329],{"class":84},[20,45525,45526,45527,45529],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45528,459],{}," and prints it.",[412,45531,45533,45534],{"id":45532},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45535,2996],{},[43,45537,45539],{"className":45,"code":45538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45540,45541,45564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45542,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553,45555,45557,45560,45562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45544,21754],{"class":58},[52,45546,63],{"class":62},[52,45548,45399],{"class":1929},[52,45550,85],{"class":84},[52,45552,42588],{"class":80},[52,45554,85],{"class":84},[52,45556,100],{"class":66},[52,45558,45559],{"class":70},"How old are you? ",[52,45561,100],{"class":66},[52,45563,108],{"class":84},[52,45565,45566,45568,45570,45572,45575,45577,45579,45582,45584,45586],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45567,81],{"class":80},[52,45569,85],{"class":84},[52,45571,100],{"class":66},[52,45573,45574],{"class":70},"Next year you will be",[52,45576,100],{"class":66},[52,45578,318],{"class":84},[52,45580,45581],{"class":88}," age ",[52,45583,2175],{"class":62},[52,45585,5621],{"class":608},[52,45587,329],{"class":84},[20,45589,6183,45590,45592,45593,45595],{},[15,45591,2996],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45594,3075],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45597,45598,45599,92],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[289,45600,9101],{"href":9100},[412,45602,45604],{"id":45603},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[43,45606,45608],{"className":45,"code":45607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45609,45610,45634,45658,45672,45676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45611,45612,45615,45617,45619,45621,45623,45625,45627,45630,45632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45613,45614],{"class":58},"num1 ",[52,45616,63],{"class":62},[52,45618,45399],{"class":1929},[52,45620,85],{"class":84},[52,45622,42588],{"class":80},[52,45624,85],{"class":84},[52,45626,100],{"class":66},[52,45628,45629],{"class":70},"Enter the first number: ",[52,45631,100],{"class":66},[52,45633,108],{"class":84},[52,45635,45636,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45654,45656],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45637,45638],{"class":58},"num2 ",[52,45640,63],{"class":62},[52,45642,45399],{"class":1929},[52,45644,85],{"class":84},[52,45646,42588],{"class":80},[52,45648,85],{"class":84},[52,45650,100],{"class":66},[52,45652,45653],{"class":70},"Enter the second number: ",[52,45655,100],{"class":66},[52,45657,108],{"class":84},[52,45659,45660,45662,45664,45667,45669],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45661,41309],{"class":58},[52,45663,63],{"class":62},[52,45665,45666],{"class":58}," num1 ",[52,45668,2175],{"class":62},[52,45670,45671],{"class":58}," num2\n",[52,45673,45674],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,45675,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,45677,45678,45680,45682,45684,45687,45689,45691,45694],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,45679,81],{"class":80},[52,45681,85],{"class":84},[52,45683,100],{"class":66},[52,45685,45686],{"class":70},"Total:",[52,45688,100],{"class":66},[52,45690,318],{"class":84},[52,45692,45693],{"class":88}," total",[52,45695,329],{"class":84},[20,45697,30156],{},[43,45699,45701],{"className":45,"code":45700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45702,45703,45713,45722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45704,45705,45708,45710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45706,45707],{"class":58},"Enter the first number",[52,45709,174],{"class":84},[52,45711,45712],{"class":608}," 2\n",[52,45714,45715,45718,45720],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45716,45717],{"class":58},"Enter the second number",[52,45719,174],{"class":84},[52,45721,2696],{"class":608},[52,45723,45724,45727,45729],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45725,45726],{"class":58},"Total",[52,45728,174],{"class":84},[52,45730,34967],{"class":608},[20,45732,45733],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45735,197],{},[43,45737,45739],{"className":45,"code":45738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45740,45741,45759,45777,45781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45742,45743,45745,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45744,45614],{"class":58},[52,45746,63],{"class":62},[52,45748,8366],{"class":80},[52,45750,85],{"class":84},[52,45752,100],{"class":66},[52,45754,45629],{"class":70},[52,45756,100],{"class":66},[52,45758,329],{"class":84},[52,45760,45761,45763,45765,45767,45769,45771,45773,45775],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45762,45638],{"class":58},[52,45764,63],{"class":62},[52,45766,8366],{"class":80},[52,45768,85],{"class":84},[52,45770,100],{"class":66},[52,45772,45653],{"class":70},[52,45774,100],{"class":66},[52,45776,329],{"class":84},[52,45778,45779],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45780,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,45782,45783,45785,45787,45789,45791,45794],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,45784,81],{"class":80},[52,45786,85],{"class":84},[52,45788,45614],{"class":88},[52,45790,2175],{"class":62},[52,45792,45793],{"class":88}," num2",[52,45795,329],{"class":84},[20,45797,30156],{},[43,45799,45801],{"className":45,"code":45800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45802,45803,45811,45819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45804,45805,45807,45809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45806,45707],{"class":58},[52,45808,174],{"class":84},[52,45810,45712],{"class":608},[52,45812,45813,45815,45817],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45814,45717],{"class":58},[52,45816,174],{"class":84},[52,45818,2696],{"class":608},[52,45820,45821],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45822,45823],{"class":608},"23\n",[20,45825,45826,45827,45830,45831,92],{},"That happens because ",[15,45828,45829],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45832,45833],{},"\"23\"",[45039,45835],{},[38,45837,45839],{"id":45838},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45841,45842,45843,92],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45844,3075],{},[412,45846,4826,45848,41669],{"id":45847},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45849,3075],{},[20,45851,39325],{},[43,45853,45855],{"className":45,"code":45854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45856,45857,45875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45858,45859,45861,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45860,2565],{"class":58},[52,45862,63],{"class":62},[52,45864,8366],{"class":80},[52,45866,85],{"class":84},[52,45868,100],{"class":66},[52,45870,41996],{"class":70},[52,45872,100],{"class":66},[52,45874,329],{"class":84},[52,45876,45877,45879,45881,45883,45885,45887],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45878,81],{"class":80},[52,45880,85],{"class":84},[52,45882,1930],{"class":1929},[52,45884,85],{"class":84},[52,45886,2591],{"class":88},[52,45888,108],{"class":84},[20,45890,135],{},[43,45892,45894],{"className":45,"code":45893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45895,45896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45897,45898,45900,45902,45904,45906,45908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45899,3410],{"class":62},[52,45901,3413],{"class":2180},[52,45903,3416],{"class":66},[52,45905,3563],{"class":70},[52,45907,1888],{"class":66},[52,45909,3423],{"class":62},[20,45911,45912],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[412,45914,45916],{"id":45915},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45918,45919],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[43,45921,45923],{"className":45,"code":45922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45924,45925,45943,45962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45926,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45928,2673],{"class":58},[52,45930,63],{"class":62},[52,45932,8366],{"class":80},[52,45934,85],{"class":84},[52,45936,100],{"class":66},[52,45938,41996],{"class":70},[52,45940,100],{"class":66},[52,45942,329],{"class":84},[52,45944,45945,45947,45949,45951,45953,45955,45958,45960],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,45946,2701],{"class":58},[52,45948,63],{"class":62},[52,45950,8366],{"class":80},[52,45952,85],{"class":84},[52,45954,100],{"class":66},[52,45956,45957],{"class":70},"Enter another number: ",[52,45959,100],{"class":66},[52,45961,329],{"class":84},[52,45963,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,45965,81],{"class":80},[52,45967,85],{"class":84},[52,45969,2673],{"class":88},[52,45971,2175],{"class":62},[52,45973,2678],{"class":88},[52,45975,329],{"class":84},[20,45977,41247,45978,342,45980,45982,45983,19089,45986,92],{},[15,45979,2623],{},[15,45981,2252],{},", the result is ",[15,45984,45985],{},"45",[15,45987,2260],{},[412,45989,45991,45992,45994,45995],{"id":45990},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45993,40830],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45996,2996],{},[20,45998,197],{},[43,46000,46002],{"className":45,"code":46001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46003,46004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46005,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46007,21754],{"class":58},[52,46009,63],{"class":62},[52,46011,45399],{"class":1929},[52,46013,85],{"class":84},[52,46015,42588],{"class":80},[52,46017,85],{"class":84},[52,46019,100],{"class":66},[52,46021,45303],{"class":70},[52,46023,100],{"class":66},[52,46025,108],{"class":84},[20,46027,8395,46028,46031,46032,92],{},[15,46029,46030],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46033,40830],{},[20,46035,46036,46037,92],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[289,46038,46040],{"href":46039},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[412,46042,46044],{"id":46043},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46046,46047],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[43,46049,46051],{"className":45,"code":46050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46052,46053,46071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46054,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46056,441],{"class":58},[52,46058,63],{"class":62},[52,46060,8366],{"class":80},[52,46062,85],{"class":84},[52,46064,100],{"class":66},[52,46066,45009],{"class":70},[52,46068,100],{"class":66},[52,46070,329],{"class":84},[52,46072,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081,46083],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46074,81],{"class":80},[52,46076,85],{"class":84},[52,46078,1865],{"class":80},[52,46080,85],{"class":84},[52,46082,459],{"class":88},[52,46084,108],{"class":84},[20,46086,46087],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46089,46090,46091,174],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46092,46093],{},".strip()",[43,46095,46097],{"className":45,"code":46096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46098,46099,46121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46100,46101,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46102,441],{"class":58},[52,46104,63],{"class":62},[52,46106,8366],{"class":80},[52,46108,85],{"class":84},[52,46110,100],{"class":66},[52,46112,45009],{"class":70},[52,46114,100],{"class":66},[52,46116,8753],{"class":84},[52,46118,8756],{"class":88},[52,46120,8763],{"class":84},[52,46122,46123,46125,46127,46129],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46124,81],{"class":80},[52,46126,85],{"class":84},[52,46128,459],{"class":88},[52,46130,329],{"class":84},[45039,46132],{},[38,46134,46136],{"id":46135},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46138,46139,46140,46142],{},"These habits make ",[15,46141,3075],{}," easier and safer to use.",[176,46144,46145,46148,46153,46156],{},[179,46146,46147],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[179,46149,154,46150,46152],{},[15,46151,46093],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[179,46154,46155],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[179,46157,154,46158,46160],{},[15,46159,29908],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46162,46163,46164,174],{},"Example with ",[15,46165,46093],{},[43,46167,46169],{"className":45,"code":46168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46170,46171,46195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46172,46173,46176,46178,46180,46182,46184,46187,46189,46191,46193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46174,46175],{"class":58},"city ",[52,46177,63],{"class":62},[52,46179,8366],{"class":80},[52,46181,85],{"class":84},[52,46183,100],{"class":66},[52,46185,46186],{"class":70},"Enter your city: ",[52,46188,100],{"class":66},[52,46190,8753],{"class":84},[52,46192,8756],{"class":88},[52,46194,8763],{"class":84},[52,46196,46197,46199,46201,46203,46206,46208,46210,46212],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46198,81],{"class":80},[52,46200,85],{"class":84},[52,46202,100],{"class":66},[52,46204,46205],{"class":70},"City:",[52,46207,100],{"class":66},[52,46209,318],{"class":84},[52,46211,31510],{"class":88},[52,46213,329],{"class":84},[20,46215,46163,46216,174],{},[15,46217,29908],{},[43,46219,46221],{"className":45,"code":46220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46222,46223,46229,46252,46284,46292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46224,46225,46227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46226,29930],{"class":761},[52,46228,804],{"class":84},[52,46230,46231,46234,46236,46238,46240,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46232,46233],{"class":58},"    age ",[52,46235,63],{"class":62},[52,46237,45399],{"class":1929},[52,46239,85],{"class":84},[52,46241,42588],{"class":80},[52,46243,85],{"class":84},[52,46245,100],{"class":66},[52,46247,45303],{"class":70},[52,46249,100],{"class":66},[52,46251,108],{"class":84},[52,46253,46254,46256,46258,46260,46263,46265,46267,46269,46271,46273,46275,46277,46280,46282],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46255,784],{"class":80},[52,46257,85],{"class":84},[52,46259,100],{"class":66},[52,46261,46262],{"class":70},"You will be",[52,46264,100],{"class":66},[52,46266,318],{"class":84},[52,46268,45581],{"class":88},[52,46270,2175],{"class":62},[52,46272,5621],{"class":608},[52,46274,318],{"class":84},[52,46276,67],{"class":66},[52,46278,46279],{"class":70},"next year",[52,46281,100],{"class":66},[52,46283,329],{"class":84},[52,46285,46286,46288,46290],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,46287,29961],{"class":761},[52,46289,42051],{"class":1929},[52,46291,804],{"class":84},[52,46293,46294,46296,46298,46300,46303,46305],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,46295,784],{"class":80},[52,46297,85],{"class":84},[52,46299,100],{"class":66},[52,46301,46302],{"class":70},"Please enter a whole number.",[52,46304,100],{"class":66},[52,46306,329],{"class":84},[20,46308,46309],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46311,46312,46313,92],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[289,46314,46316],{"href":46315},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45039,46318],{},[38,46320,1445],{"id":1444},[20,46322,46323,46324,174],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46325,3075],{},[176,46327,46328,46335,46338,46341],{},[179,46329,46330,46331,32,46333],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46332,2996],{},[15,46334,3002],{},[179,46336,46337],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[179,46339,46340],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[179,46342,46343],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46345,32208],{},[43,46347,46349],{"className":45,"code":46348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46350,46351,46361,46375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46352,46353,46355,46357,46359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46354,81],{"class":80},[52,46356,85],{"class":84},[52,46358,2591],{"class":88},[52,46360,329],{"class":84},[52,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46364,81],{"class":80},[52,46366,85],{"class":84},[52,46368,1930],{"class":1929},[52,46370,85],{"class":84},[52,46372,2591],{"class":88},[52,46374,108],{"class":84},[52,46376,46377,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46378,81],{"class":80},[52,46380,85],{"class":84},[52,46382,1865],{"class":80},[52,46384,85],{"class":84},[52,46386,2591],{"class":88},[52,46388,108],{"class":84},[20,46390,46391,46392,46394],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46393,3075],{}," actually returned:",[176,46396,46397,46402,46407],{},[179,46398,46399,46401],{},[15,46400,41952],{}," shows the value",[179,46403,46404,46406],{},[15,46405,41958],{}," shows the data type",[179,46408,46409,46411],{},[15,46410,41963],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46413,197],{},[43,46415,46417],{"className":45,"code":46416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46418,46419,46438,46448,46462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46420,46421,46423,46425,46427,46429,46431,46434,46436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46422,2565],{"class":58},[52,46424,63],{"class":62},[52,46426,8366],{"class":80},[52,46428,85],{"class":84},[52,46430,100],{"class":66},[52,46432,46433],{"class":70},"Enter something: ",[52,46435,100],{"class":66},[52,46437,329],{"class":84},[52,46439,46440,46442,46444,46446],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46441,81],{"class":80},[52,46443,85],{"class":84},[52,46445,2591],{"class":88},[52,46447,329],{"class":84},[52,46449,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46451,81],{"class":80},[52,46453,85],{"class":84},[52,46455,1930],{"class":1929},[52,46457,85],{"class":84},[52,46459,2591],{"class":88},[52,46461,108],{"class":84},[52,46463,46464,46466,46468,46470,46472,46474],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,46465,81],{"class":80},[52,46467,85],{"class":84},[52,46469,1865],{"class":80},[52,46471,85],{"class":84},[52,46473,2591],{"class":88},[52,46475,108],{"class":84},[45039,46477],{},[38,46479,1940],{"id":1939},[412,46481,1944,46483,46485],{"id":46482},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46484,3075],{}," return an integer?",[20,46487,46488,46489,46491,46492,40055],{},"No. ",[15,46490,3075],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46493,2996],{},[412,46495,46497,46498,1993],{"id":46496},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46499,3075],{},[20,46501,46502,46503,46505],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46504,3075],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[412,46507,5282,46509,46512,46513,1993],{"id":46508},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46510,46511],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46514,3075],{},[20,46516,29187,46517,46519,46520,42280,46522,46524],{},[15,46518,3075],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46521,45829],{},[15,46523,45833],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[412,46526,46528],{"id":46527},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46530,154,46531,46533,46534,92],{},[15,46532,46093],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46535,46536],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45039,46538],{},[38,46540,2005],{"id":2004},[176,46542,46543,46548,46552,46558,46564,46568],{},[179,46544,46545],{},[289,46546,46547],{"href":46315},"How to get user input in Python",[179,46549,46550],{},[289,46551,9178],{"href":9100},[179,46553,46554],{},[289,46555,3696,46556,3629],{"href":2993},[15,46557,2996],{},[179,46559,46560],{},[289,46561,3696,46562,3629],{"href":2999},[15,46563,3002],{},[179,46565,46566],{},[289,46567,46040],{"href":46039},[179,46569,46570],{},[289,46571,3696,46573,3629],{"href":46572},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46574,46575],{},"print()",[2035,46577,46578],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":46580},[46581,46582,46584,46585,46587,46593,46601,46602,46603,46612],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":45043,"depth":77,"text":46583},"What input() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":45272,"depth":77,"text":46586},"What input() returns",{"id":45475,"depth":77,"text":45476,"children":46588},[46589,46590,46592],{"id":45479,"depth":111,"text":45480},{"id":45532,"depth":111,"text":46591},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45603,"depth":111,"text":45604},{"id":45838,"depth":77,"text":45839,"children":46594},[46595,46597,46598,46600],{"id":45847,"depth":111,"text":46596},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45915,"depth":111,"text":45916},{"id":45990,"depth":111,"text":46599},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46043,"depth":111,"text":46044},{"id":46135,"depth":77,"text":46136},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":46604},[46605,46607,46609,46611],{"id":46482,"depth":111,"text":46606},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46496,"depth":111,"text":46608},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46508,"depth":111,"text":46610},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46527,"depth":111,"text":46528},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42319,"description":46613},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46620,"title":42221,"body":46621,"description":48934,"extension":2078,"meta":48935,"navigation":221,"path":48936,"seo":48937,"stem":48938,"__hash__":48939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46622,"toc":48886},[46623,46628,46633,46638,46659,46662,46664,46724,46726,46745,46750,46755,46760,46762,46775,46777,46860,46862,46903,46909,46911,46941,46947,46950,46967,46969,47021,47023,47041,47047,47053,47056,47074,47076,47149,47151,47170,47177,47183,47188,47191,47251,47253,47272,47275,47278,47293,47299,47303,47364,47366,47387,47391,47520,47522,47652,47662,47668,47674,47682,47748,47750,47775,47778,47795,47808,47814,47817,47850,47852,47865,47868,47911,47913,47921,47928,47932,47939,47943,47970,47972,47980,47986,48003,48008,48012,48039,48041,48049,48053,48058,48061,48087,48090,48099,48107,48111,48121,48125,48128,48130,48181,48183,48213,48223,48250,48252,48260,48270,48274,48277,48279,48327,48329,48373,48379,48430,48432,48451,48456,48461,48464,48483,48486,48538,48540,48549,48551,48555,48559,48562,48571,48578,48580,48607,48611,48613,48622,48625,48632,48638,48698,48702,48704,48712,48715,48741,48747,48750,48770,48772,48781,48789,48791,48797,48802,48809,48819,48825,48833,48837,48840,48842,48883],[10,46624,3696,46626,3700],{"id":46625},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46627,2996],{},[20,46629,32443,46630,46632],{},[15,46631,2996],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46634,35531,46635,46637],{},[15,46636,2996],{}," when they want to:",[176,46639,46640,46650,46653,46656],{},[179,46641,46642,46643,46646,46647],{},"turn text like ",[15,46644,46645],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46648,46649],{},"42",[179,46651,46652],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[179,46654,46655],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[179,46657,46658],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46660,46661],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[38,46663,41],{"id":40},[43,46665,46667],{"className":45,"code":46666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46668,46669,46687,46701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46670,46671,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681,46683,46685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46672,81],{"class":80},[52,46674,85],{"class":84},[52,46676,2304],{"class":1929},[52,46678,85],{"class":84},[52,46680,100],{"class":66},[52,46682,46649],{"class":70},[52,46684,100],{"class":66},[52,46686,108],{"class":84},[52,46688,46689,46691,46693,46695,46697,46699],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46690,81],{"class":80},[52,46692,85],{"class":84},[52,46694,2304],{"class":1929},[52,46696,85],{"class":84},[52,46698,42109],{"class":608},[52,46700,108],{"class":84},[52,46702,46703,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713,46716,46718,46720,46722],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46704,81],{"class":80},[52,46706,85],{"class":84},[52,46708,2304],{"class":1929},[52,46710,85],{"class":84},[52,46712,100],{"class":66},[52,46714,46715],{"class":70},"101",[52,46717,100],{"class":66},[52,46719,318],{"class":84},[52,46721,3111],{"class":608},[52,46723,108],{"class":84},[20,46725,135],{},[43,46727,46729],{"className":45,"code":46728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46730,46731,46736,46741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46732,46733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46734,46735],{"class":608},"42\n",[52,46737,46738],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46739,46740],{"class":608},"3\n",[52,46742,46743],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46744,3064],{"class":608},[20,46746,154,46747,46749],{},[15,46748,2996],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[38,46751,166,46753,169],{"id":46752},"what-int-does",[15,46754,2996],{},[20,46756,46757,46759],{},[15,46758,2996],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46761,13175],{},[176,46763,46764,46769,46772],{},[179,46765,46766,46767,7463],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46768,2304],{},[179,46770,46771],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[179,46773,46774],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46776,197],{},[43,46778,46780],{"className":45,"code":46779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46781,46782,46794,46808,46812,46822,46832,46846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46783,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46785,207],{"class":58},[52,46787,63],{"class":62},[52,46789,67],{"class":66},[52,46791,9314],{"class":70},[52,46793,74],{"class":66},[52,46795,46796,46798,46800,46802,46804,46806],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46797,2333],{"class":58},[52,46799,63],{"class":62},[52,46801,45399],{"class":1929},[52,46803,85],{"class":84},[52,46805,231],{"class":88},[52,46807,329],{"class":84},[52,46809,46810],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46811,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,46813,46814,46816,46818,46820],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,46815,81],{"class":80},[52,46817,85],{"class":84},[52,46819,231],{"class":88},[52,46821,329],{"class":84},[52,46823,46824,46826,46828,46830],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,46825,81],{"class":80},[52,46827,85],{"class":84},[52,46829,2356],{"class":88},[52,46831,329],{"class":84},[52,46833,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842,46844],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,46835,81],{"class":80},[52,46837,85],{"class":84},[52,46839,1930],{"class":1929},[52,46841,85],{"class":84},[52,46843,231],{"class":88},[52,46845,108],{"class":84},[52,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856,46858],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,46849,81],{"class":80},[52,46851,85],{"class":84},[52,46853,1930],{"class":1929},[52,46855,85],{"class":84},[52,46857,2356],{"class":88},[52,46859,108],{"class":84},[20,46861,135],{},[43,46863,46865],{"className":45,"code":46864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46866,46867,46871,46875,46889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46868,46869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46870,2828],{"class":608},[52,46872,46873],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46874,2828],{"class":608},[52,46876,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,46878,3410],{"class":62},[52,46880,3413],{"class":2180},[52,46882,3416],{"class":66},[52,46884,3563],{"class":70},[52,46886,1888],{"class":66},[52,46888,3423],{"class":62},[52,46890,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,46892,3410],{"class":62},[52,46894,3413],{"class":2180},[52,46896,3416],{"class":66},[52,46898,2304],{"class":70},[52,46900,1888],{"class":66},[52,46902,3423],{"class":62},[20,46904,46905,46906,46908],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46907,2996],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[38,46910,296],{"id":295},[43,46912,46914],{"className":45,"code":46913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46915,46916,46926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46917,46918,46920,46922,46924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46919,2304],{"class":1929},[52,46921,85],{"class":84},[52,46923,2289],{"class":88},[52,46925,329],{"class":84},[52,46927,46928,46930,46932,46934,46936,46939],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46929,2304],{"class":1929},[52,46931,85],{"class":84},[52,46933,2289],{"class":88},[52,46935,318],{"class":84},[52,46937,46938],{"class":88}," base",[52,46940,329],{"class":84},[412,46942,46944],{"id":46943},"intx",[15,46945,46946],{},"int(x)",[20,46948,46949],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[176,46951,46952,46957,46962],{},[179,46953,46954,46955],{},"a string such as ",[15,46956,42251],{},[179,46958,46959,46960],{},"a float such as ",[15,46961,42109],{},[179,46963,46964,46965],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46966,31],{},[20,46968,197],{},[43,46970,46972],{"className":45,"code":46971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46973,46974,46992,47007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46975,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988,46990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46977,81],{"class":80},[52,46979,85],{"class":84},[52,46981,2304],{"class":1929},[52,46983,85],{"class":84},[52,46985,100],{"class":66},[52,46987,2448],{"class":70},[52,46989,100],{"class":66},[52,46991,108],{"class":84},[52,46993,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002,47005],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,46995,81],{"class":80},[52,46997,85],{"class":84},[52,46999,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47001,85],{"class":84},[52,47003,47004],{"class":608},"8.7",[52,47006,108],{"class":84},[52,47008,47009,47011,47013,47015,47017,47019],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47010,81],{"class":80},[52,47012,85],{"class":84},[52,47014,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47016,85],{"class":84},[52,47018,31],{"class":145},[52,47020,108],{"class":84},[20,47022,135],{},[43,47024,47026],{"className":45,"code":47025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47027,47028,47032,47036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47029,47030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47031,2494],{"class":608},[52,47033,47034],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47035,2499],{"class":608},[52,47037,47038],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47039,47040],{"class":608},"1\n",[412,47042,47044],{"id":47043},"intx-base",[15,47045,47046],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47048,47049,47050,47052],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47051,2289],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47054,47055],{},"Common bases:",[176,47057,47058,47063,47068],{},[179,47059,47060,47062],{},[15,47061,2172],{}," for binary",[179,47064,47065,47067],{},[15,47066,2463],{}," for octal",[179,47069,47070,47073],{},[15,47071,47072],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47075,197],{},[43,47077,47079],{"className":45,"code":47078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47080,47081,47103,47126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47082,47083,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47084,81],{"class":80},[52,47086,85],{"class":84},[52,47088,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47090,85],{"class":84},[52,47092,100],{"class":66},[52,47094,46715],{"class":70},[52,47096,100],{"class":66},[52,47098,318],{"class":84},[52,47100,3111],{"class":608},[52,47102,108],{"class":84},[52,47104,47105,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47118,47120,47122,47124],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47106,81],{"class":80},[52,47108,85],{"class":84},[52,47110,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47112,85],{"class":84},[52,47114,100],{"class":66},[52,47116,47117],{"class":70},"17",[52,47119,100],{"class":66},[52,47121,318],{"class":84},[52,47123,6483],{"class":608},[52,47125,108],{"class":84},[52,47127,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138,47141,47143,47145,47147],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47129,81],{"class":80},[52,47131,85],{"class":84},[52,47133,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47135,85],{"class":84},[52,47137,100],{"class":66},[52,47139,47140],{"class":70},"1A",[52,47142,100],{"class":66},[52,47144,318],{"class":84},[52,47146,14112],{"class":608},[52,47148,108],{"class":84},[20,47150,135],{},[43,47152,47154],{"className":45,"code":47153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47155,47156,47160,47165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47157,47158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47159,3064],{"class":608},[52,47161,47162],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47163,47164],{"class":608},"15\n",[52,47166,47167],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47168,47169],{"class":608},"26\n",[20,47171,47172,47173,92],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[289,47174,47175,2420],{"href":2999},[15,47176,3002],{},[38,47178,1828,47180,47182],{"id":47179},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47181,2996],{}," with strings",[20,47184,47185,47187],{},[15,47186,2996],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47189,47190],{},"Examples that work:",[43,47192,47194],{"className":45,"code":47193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47195,47196,47214,47232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47197,47198,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47199,81],{"class":80},[52,47201,85],{"class":84},[52,47203,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47205,85],{"class":84},[52,47207,100],{"class":66},[52,47209,2252],{"class":70},[52,47211,100],{"class":66},[52,47213,108],{"class":84},[52,47215,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47217,81],{"class":80},[52,47219,85],{"class":84},[52,47221,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47223,85],{"class":84},[52,47225,100],{"class":66},[52,47227,2409],{"class":70},[52,47229,100],{"class":66},[52,47231,108],{"class":84},[52,47233,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47247,47249],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47235,81],{"class":80},[52,47237,85],{"class":84},[52,47239,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47241,85],{"class":84},[52,47243,100],{"class":66},[52,47245,47246],{"class":70},"  42  ",[52,47248,100],{"class":66},[52,47250,108],{"class":84},[20,47252,135],{},[43,47254,47256],{"className":45,"code":47255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47257,47258,47262,47268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47259,47260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47261,3064],{"class":608},[52,47263,47264,47266],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47265,2137],{"class":62},[52,47267,2341],{"class":608},[52,47269,47270],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47271,46735],{"class":608},[20,47273,47274],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47276,47277],{},"Examples that fail:",[43,47279,47281],{"className":45,"code":47280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47282,47283,47288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47284,47285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47286,47287],{"class":1479},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[52,47289,47290],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47291,47292],{"class":1479},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47294,47295,47296,47298],{},"These raise ",[15,47297,40830],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[412,47300,47302],{"id":47301},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[43,47304,47306],{"className":45,"code":47305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47307,47308,47326,47345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47309,47310,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47311,81],{"class":80},[52,47313,85],{"class":84},[52,47315,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47317,85],{"class":84},[52,47319,100],{"class":66},[52,47321,2235],{"class":70},[52,47323,100],{"class":66},[52,47325,108],{"class":84},[52,47327,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47338,47341,47343],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47329,81],{"class":80},[52,47331,85],{"class":84},[52,47333,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47335,85],{"class":84},[52,47337,100],{"class":66},[52,47339,47340],{"class":70},"+7",[52,47342,100],{"class":66},[52,47344,108],{"class":84},[52,47346,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47360,47362],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47348,81],{"class":80},[52,47350,85],{"class":84},[52,47352,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47354,85],{"class":84},[52,47356,100],{"class":66},[52,47358,47359],{"class":70},"-100",[52,47361,100],{"class":66},[52,47363,108],{"class":84},[20,47365,135],{},[43,47367,47369],{"className":45,"code":47368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47370,47371,47376,47380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47372,47373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47374,47375],{"class":608},"0\n",[52,47377,47378],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47379,2195],{"class":608},[52,47381,47382,47384],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47383,2137],{"class":62},[52,47385,47386],{"class":608},"100\n",[412,47388,47390],{"id":47389},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[43,47392,47394],{"className":45,"code":47393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47395,47396,47434,47438,47450,47457,47472,47487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47397,47398,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414,47417,47419,47421,47423,47425,47427,47430,47432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47399,3946],{"class":58},[52,47401,63],{"class":62},[52,47403,3744],{"class":84},[52,47405,100],{"class":66},[52,47407,40269],{"class":70},[52,47409,100],{"class":66},[52,47411,318],{"class":84},[52,47413,67],{"class":66},[52,47415,47416],{"class":70},"12abc",[52,47418,100],{"class":66},[52,47420,318],{"class":84},[52,47422,6249],{"class":66},[52,47424,318],{"class":84},[52,47426,67],{"class":66},[52,47428,47429],{"class":70},"seven",[52,47431,100],{"class":66},[52,47433,3757],{"class":84},[52,47435,47436],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47437,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,47439,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47441,6081],{"class":761},[52,47443,21710],{"class":58},[52,47445,1638],{"class":761},[52,47447,4006],{"class":58},[52,47449,804],{"class":84},[52,47451,47452,47455],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,47453,47454],{"class":761},"    try",[52,47456,804],{"class":84},[52,47458,47459,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,47460,47461],{"class":80},"        print",[52,47463,85],{"class":84},[52,47465,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47467,85],{"class":84},[52,47469,2591],{"class":88},[52,47471,108],{"class":84},[52,47473,47474,47477,47479,47482,47485],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,47475,47476],{"class":761},"    except",[52,47478,42051],{"class":1929},[52,47480,47481],{"class":761}," as",[52,47483,47484],{"class":58}," error",[52,47486,804],{"class":84},[52,47488,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47504,47506,47509,47511,47514,47516,47518],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,47490,47461],{"class":80},[52,47492,85],{"class":84},[52,47494,22420],{"class":2180},[52,47496,100],{"class":70},[52,47498,9398],{"class":608},[52,47500,2591],{"class":88},[52,47502,47503],{"class":2180},"!r",[52,47505,22429],{"class":608},[52,47507,47508],{"class":70}," -> ",[52,47510,9398],{"class":608},[52,47512,47513],{"class":88},"error",[52,47515,22429],{"class":608},[52,47517,100],{"class":70},[52,47519,329],{"class":84},[20,47521,135],{},[43,47523,47525],{"className":45,"code":47524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47526,47527,47563,47595,47620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47528,47529,47531,47533,47535,47538,47541,47543,47545,47547,47550,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47530,1888],{"class":43453},[52,47532,40269],{"class":43457},[52,47534,1888],{"class":43453},[52,47536,47537],{"class":37492}," ->",[52,47539,47540],{"class":58}," invalid literal ",[52,47542,6081],{"class":761},[52,47544,45399],{"class":1929},[52,47546,7489],{"class":84},[52,47548,47549],{"class":761}," with",[52,47551,47552],{"class":58}," base ",[52,47554,2448],{"class":608},[52,47556,174],{"class":84},[52,47558,3416],{"class":66},[52,47560,40269],{"class":70},[52,47562,29826],{"class":66},[52,47564,47565,47567,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47566,1888],{"class":66},[52,47568,47416],{"class":70},[52,47570,1888],{"class":66},[52,47572,47537],{"class":37492},[52,47574,47540],{"class":58},[52,47576,6081],{"class":761},[52,47578,45399],{"class":1929},[52,47580,7489],{"class":84},[52,47582,47549],{"class":761},[52,47584,47552],{"class":58},[52,47586,2448],{"class":608},[52,47588,174],{"class":84},[52,47590,3416],{"class":66},[52,47592,47416],{"class":70},[52,47594,29826],{"class":66},[52,47596,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47598,3896],{"class":66},[52,47600,47537],{"class":37492},[52,47602,47540],{"class":58},[52,47604,6081],{"class":761},[52,47606,45399],{"class":1929},[52,47608,7489],{"class":84},[52,47610,47549],{"class":761},[52,47612,47552],{"class":58},[52,47614,2448],{"class":608},[52,47616,174],{"class":84},[52,47618,47619],{"class":66}," ''\n",[52,47621,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,47623,1888],{"class":66},[52,47625,47429],{"class":70},[52,47627,1888],{"class":66},[52,47629,47537],{"class":37492},[52,47631,47540],{"class":58},[52,47633,6081],{"class":761},[52,47635,45399],{"class":1929},[52,47637,7489],{"class":84},[52,47639,47549],{"class":761},[52,47641,47552],{"class":58},[52,47643,2448],{"class":608},[52,47645,174],{"class":84},[52,47647,3416],{"class":66},[52,47649,47429],{"class":70},[52,47651,29826],{"class":66},[20,47653,47654,47655,47657,47658,92],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[289,47656,9101],{"href":9100}," and the ",[289,47659,47660,2420],{"href":8343},[15,47661,3075],{},[38,47663,1828,47665,47667],{"id":47664},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47666,2996],{}," with floats",[20,47669,47670,47671,47673],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47672,2996],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47675,47676,47677,14178,47679,47681],{},"Important: ",[15,47678,2996],{},[3865,47680,4752],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[43,47683,47685],{"className":45,"code":47684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47686,47687,47701,47716,47732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47688,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697,47699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47690,81],{"class":80},[52,47692,85],{"class":84},[52,47694,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47696,85],{"class":84},[52,47698,42109],{"class":608},[52,47700,108],{"class":84},[52,47702,47703,47705,47707,47709,47711,47714],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47704,81],{"class":80},[52,47706,85],{"class":84},[52,47708,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47710,85],{"class":84},[52,47712,47713],{"class":608},"3.1",[52,47715,108],{"class":84},[52,47717,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47719,81],{"class":80},[52,47721,85],{"class":84},[52,47723,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47725,85],{"class":84},[52,47727,2137],{"class":62},[52,47729,42109],{"class":608},[52,47731,108],{"class":84},[52,47733,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,47735,81],{"class":80},[52,47737,85],{"class":84},[52,47739,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47741,85],{"class":84},[52,47743,2137],{"class":62},[52,47745,47713],{"class":608},[52,47747,108],{"class":84},[20,47749,135],{},[43,47751,47753],{"className":45,"code":47752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47754,47755,47759,47763,47769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47756,47757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47758,46740],{"class":608},[52,47760,47761],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47762,46740],{"class":608},[52,47764,47765,47767],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47766,2137],{"class":62},[52,47768,46740],{"class":608},[52,47770,47771,47773],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,47772,2137],{"class":62},[52,47774,46740],{"class":608},[20,47776,47777],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[176,47779,47780,47787],{},[179,47781,47782,42280,47785],{},[15,47783,47784],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47786,627],{},[179,47788,47789,42280,47792],{},[15,47790,47791],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47793,47794],{},"-3",[20,47796,47797,47798,47802,47803,92],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[289,47799,47800],{"href":2999},[15,47801,3002],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[289,47804,47805],{"href":42300},[15,47806,47807],{},"str()",[38,47809,1828,47811,47813],{"id":47810},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47812,2996],{}," with booleans",[20,47815,47816],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[43,47818,47820],{"className":45,"code":47819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47821,47822,47836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47823,47824,47826,47828,47830,47832,47834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47825,81],{"class":80},[52,47827,85],{"class":84},[52,47829,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47831,85],{"class":84},[52,47833,31],{"class":145},[52,47835,108],{"class":84},[52,47837,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47839,81],{"class":80},[52,47841,85],{"class":84},[52,47843,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47845,85],{"class":84},[52,47847,35],{"class":145},[52,47849,108],{"class":84},[20,47851,135],{},[43,47853,47855],{"className":45,"code":47854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n0\n",[15,47856,47857,47861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47858,47859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47860,47040],{"class":608},[52,47862,47863],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47864,47375],{"class":608},[20,47866,47867],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[43,47869,47871],{"className":45,"code":47870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47872,47873,47882,47897,47901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47874,47875,47878,47880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47876,47877],{"class":58},"passed ",[52,47879,63],{"class":62},[52,47881,6546],{"class":145},[52,47883,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892,47895],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,47885,41309],{"class":58},[52,47887,63],{"class":62},[52,47889,45399],{"class":1929},[52,47891,85],{"class":84},[52,47893,47894],{"class":88},"passed",[52,47896,329],{"class":84},[52,47898,47899],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,47900,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,47902,47903,47905,47907,47909],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,47904,81],{"class":80},[52,47906,85],{"class":84},[52,47908,41338],{"class":88},[52,47910,329],{"class":84},[20,47912,135],{},[43,47914,47915],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47916,47917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47918,47919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47920,47040],{"class":608},[20,47922,47923,47924,92],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[289,47925,47926,2420],{"href":5903},[15,47927,3936],{},[38,47929,47931],{"id":47930},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47933,47934,47935,47938],{},"Use the ",[15,47936,47937],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[412,47940,47942],{"id":47941},"binary-example","Binary example",[43,47944,47946],{"className":45,"code":47945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47947,47948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47949,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47951,81],{"class":80},[52,47953,85],{"class":84},[52,47955,2304],{"class":1929},[52,47957,85],{"class":84},[52,47959,100],{"class":66},[52,47961,46715],{"class":70},[52,47963,100],{"class":66},[52,47965,318],{"class":84},[52,47967,3111],{"class":608},[52,47969,108],{"class":84},[20,47971,135],{},[43,47973,47974],{"className":45,"code":3064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47975,47976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47977,47978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47979,3064],{"class":608},[20,47981,47982,47985],{},[15,47983,47984],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[176,47987,47988,47993,47998],{},[179,47989,47990],{},[15,47991,47992],{},"1 × 4",[179,47994,47995],{},[15,47996,47997],{},"0 × 2",[179,47999,48000],{},[15,48001,48002],{},"1 × 1",[20,48004,48005,48006,92],{},"So the result is ",[15,48007,2252],{},[412,48009,48011],{"id":48010},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[43,48013,48015],{"className":45,"code":48014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48016,48017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48018,48019,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48020,81],{"class":80},[52,48022,85],{"class":84},[52,48024,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48026,85],{"class":84},[52,48028,100],{"class":66},[52,48030,47140],{"class":70},[52,48032,100],{"class":66},[52,48034,318],{"class":84},[52,48036,14112],{"class":608},[52,48038,108],{"class":84},[20,48040,135],{},[43,48042,48043],{"className":45,"code":47169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48044,48045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48046,48047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48048,47169],{"class":608},[412,48050,48052],{"id":48051},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48054,2095,48055,48057],{},[15,48056,47937],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48059,48060],{},"Good:",[43,48062,48063],{"className":45,"code":47945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48064,48065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48066,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48068,81],{"class":80},[52,48070,85],{"class":84},[52,48072,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48074,85],{"class":84},[52,48076,100],{"class":66},[52,48078,46715],{"class":70},[52,48080,100],{"class":66},[52,48082,318],{"class":84},[52,48084,3111],{"class":608},[52,48086,108],{"class":84},[20,48088,48089],{},"Not correct:",[43,48091,48093],{"className":45,"code":48092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48096,48097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48098,48092],{"class":1479},[20,48100,48101,48102,8723,48104,48106],{},"That causes a ",[15,48103,3124],{},[15,48105,47937],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[38,48108,48110],{"id":48109},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48112,48113,48114,48116,48117,342,48119,92],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48115,2996],{}," are ",[15,48118,40830],{},[15,48120,3124],{},[412,48122,48123],{"id":41640},[15,48124,40830],{},[20,48126,48127],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48129,197],{},[43,48131,48133],{"className":45,"code":48132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48134,48135,48141,48159,48171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48136,48137,48139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48138,29930],{"class":761},[52,48140,804],{"class":84},[52,48142,48143,48145,48147,48149,48151,48153,48155,48157],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,48144,784],{"class":80},[52,48146,85],{"class":84},[52,48148,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48150,85],{"class":84},[52,48152,100],{"class":66},[52,48154,40269],{"class":70},[52,48156,100],{"class":66},[52,48158,108],{"class":84},[52,48160,48161,48163,48165,48167,48169],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,48162,29961],{"class":761},[52,48164,42051],{"class":1929},[52,48166,47481],{"class":761},[52,48168,47484],{"class":58},[52,48170,804],{"class":84},[52,48172,48173,48175,48177,48179],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,48174,784],{"class":80},[52,48176,85],{"class":84},[52,48178,47513],{"class":88},[52,48180,329],{"class":84},[20,48182,135],{},[43,48184,48186],{"className":45,"code":48185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48187,48188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48189,48190,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48191,48192],{"class":58},"invalid literal ",[52,48194,6081],{"class":761},[52,48196,45399],{"class":1929},[52,48198,7489],{"class":84},[52,48200,47549],{"class":761},[52,48202,47552],{"class":58},[52,48204,2448],{"class":608},[52,48206,174],{"class":84},[52,48208,3416],{"class":66},[52,48210,40269],{"class":70},[52,48212,29826],{"class":66},[20,48214,48215,48216,48219,48220,48222],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48217,48218],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48221,2996],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[43,48224,48226],{"className":45,"code":48225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48227,48228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48229,48230,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246,48248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48231,81],{"class":80},[52,48233,85],{"class":84},[52,48235,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48237,85],{"class":84},[52,48239,2308],{"class":1929},[52,48241,85],{"class":84},[52,48243,100],{"class":66},[52,48245,40269],{"class":70},[52,48247,100],{"class":66},[52,48249,546],{"class":84},[20,48251,135],{},[43,48253,48254],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48255,48256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48257,48258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48259,46740],{"class":608},[20,48261,48262,48263,342,48266,92],{},"If you see this often, read ",[289,48264,48265],{"href":3079},"how to convert string to int in Python",[289,48267,25805,48268],{"href":46039},[15,48269,46040],{},[412,48271,48272],{"id":41706},[15,48273,3124],{},[20,48275,48276],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48278,197],{},[43,48280,48282],{"className":45,"code":48281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48283,48284,48290,48304,48317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48285,48286,48288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48287,29930],{"class":761},[52,48289,804],{"class":84},[52,48291,48292,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,48293,784],{"class":80},[52,48295,85],{"class":84},[52,48297,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48299,85],{"class":84},[52,48301,3901],{"class":145},[52,48303,108],{"class":84},[52,48305,48306,48308,48311,48313,48315],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,48307,29961],{"class":761},[52,48309,48310],{"class":1929}," TypeError",[52,48312,47481],{"class":761},[52,48314,47484],{"class":58},[52,48316,804],{"class":84},[52,48318,48319,48321,48323,48325],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,48320,784],{"class":80},[52,48322,85],{"class":84},[52,48324,47513],{"class":88},[52,48326,329],{"class":84},[20,48328,135],{},[43,48330,48332],{"className":45,"code":48331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48333,48334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48335,48336,48338,48340,48343,48345,48347,48350,48352,48355,48357,48360,48362,48364,48366,48368,48371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48337,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48339,7489],{"class":84},[52,48341,48342],{"class":58}," argument must be a string",[52,48344,318],{"class":84},[52,48346,838],{"class":58},[52,48348,48349],{"class":1929},"bytes",[52,48351,2137],{"class":62},[52,48353,48354],{"class":58},"like ",[52,48356,42524],{"class":1929},[52,48358,48359],{"class":62}," or",[52,48361,40966],{"class":58},[52,48363,318],{"class":84},[52,48365,8223],{"class":62},[52,48367,3416],{"class":66},[52,48369,48370],{"class":70},"NoneType",[52,48372,29826],{"class":66},[20,48374,48375,48376,48378],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48377,47937],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[43,48380,48382],{"className":45,"code":48381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48383,48384,48390,48408,48420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48385,48386,48388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48387,29930],{"class":761},[52,48389,804],{"class":84},[52,48391,48392,48394,48396,48398,48400,48402,48404,48406],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,48393,784],{"class":80},[52,48395,85],{"class":84},[52,48397,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48399,85],{"class":84},[52,48401,46715],{"class":608},[52,48403,318],{"class":84},[52,48405,3111],{"class":608},[52,48407,108],{"class":84},[52,48409,48410,48412,48414,48416,48418],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,48411,29961],{"class":761},[52,48413,48310],{"class":1929},[52,48415,47481],{"class":761},[52,48417,47484],{"class":58},[52,48419,804],{"class":84},[52,48421,48422,48424,48426,48428],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,48423,784],{"class":80},[52,48425,85],{"class":84},[52,48427,47513],{"class":88},[52,48429,329],{"class":84},[20,48431,135],{},[43,48433,48435],{"className":45,"code":48434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48436,48437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48438,48439,48441,48443,48446,48448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48440,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48442,7489],{"class":84},[52,48444,48445],{"class":58}," can",[52,48447,1888],{"class":66},[52,48449,48450],{"class":70},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[38,48452,5084,48454],{"id":48453},"when-to-use-int",[15,48455,2996],{},[20,48457,154,48458,48460],{},[15,48459,2996],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48462,48463],{},"Common uses:",[176,48465,48466,48472,48475,48478],{},[179,48467,48468,48469,48471],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48470,3075],{}," into integers",[179,48473,48474],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[179,48476,48477],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[179,48479,48480,48481,36741],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48482,47937],{},[20,48484,48485],{},"Example with user input:",[43,48487,48489],{"className":45,"code":48488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48490,48491,48505,48520,48524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48492,48493,48496,48498,48500,48503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48494,48495],{"class":58},"age_text ",[52,48497,63],{"class":62},[52,48499,67],{"class":66},[52,48501,48502],{"class":70},"18",[52,48504,74],{"class":66},[52,48506,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515,48518],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,48508,21754],{"class":58},[52,48510,63],{"class":62},[52,48512,45399],{"class":1929},[52,48514,85],{"class":84},[52,48516,48517],{"class":88},"age_text",[52,48519,329],{"class":84},[52,48521,48522],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,48523,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,48525,48526,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,48527,81],{"class":80},[52,48529,85],{"class":84},[52,48531,21754],{"class":88},[52,48533,2175],{"class":62},[52,48535,5621],{"class":608},[52,48537,329],{"class":84},[20,48539,135],{},[43,48541,48543],{"className":45,"code":48542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19\n",[15,48544,48545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48546,48547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48548,48542],{"class":608},[38,48550,1445],{"id":1444},[20,48552,14858,48553,92],{},[15,48554,2996],{},[412,48556,48558],{"id":48557},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48560,48561],{},"This fails:",[43,48563,48565],{"className":45,"code":48564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48566,48567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48568,48569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48570,48564],{"class":1479},[20,48572,48573,48574,48577],{},"Why: ",[15,48575,48576],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48579,18966],{},[43,48581,48583],{"className":45,"code":48582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48584,48585],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48586,48587,48589,48591,48593,48595,48597,48599,48601,48603,48605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48588,81],{"class":80},[52,48590,85],{"class":84},[52,48592,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48594,85],{"class":84},[52,48596,2308],{"class":1929},[52,48598,85],{"class":84},[52,48600,100],{"class":66},[52,48602,41250],{"class":70},[52,48604,100],{"class":66},[52,48606,546],{"class":84},[412,48608,48610],{"id":48609},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48612,48561],{},[43,48614,48616],{"className":45,"code":48615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48617,48618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48619,48620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48621,48615],{"class":1479},[20,48623,48624],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[412,48626,48628,48629],{"id":48627},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48630,48631],{},"int(None)",[20,48633,48634,48635,48637],{},"This fails because ",[15,48636,3901],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[43,48639,48641],{"className":45,"code":48640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48642,48643,48652,48656,48662,48676,48688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48644,48645,48647,48649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48646,2565],{"class":58},[52,48648,63],{"class":62},[52,48650,48651],{"class":145}," None\n",[52,48653,48654],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,48655,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,48657,48658,48660],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,48659,29930],{"class":761},[52,48661,804],{"class":84},[52,48663,48664,48666,48668,48670,48672,48674],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,48665,784],{"class":80},[52,48667,85],{"class":84},[52,48669,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48671,85],{"class":84},[52,48673,2591],{"class":88},[52,48675,108],{"class":84},[52,48677,48678,48680,48682,48684,48686],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,48679,29961],{"class":761},[52,48681,48310],{"class":1929},[52,48683,47481],{"class":761},[52,48685,47484],{"class":58},[52,48687,804],{"class":84},[52,48689,48690,48692,48694,48696],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,48691,784],{"class":80},[52,48693,85],{"class":84},[52,48695,47513],{"class":88},[52,48697,329],{"class":84},[412,48699,48701],{"id":48700},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48703,48561],{},[43,48705,48706],{"className":45,"code":48092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48707,48708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48709,48710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48711,48092],{"class":1479},[20,48713,48714],{},"Use a string instead:",[43,48716,48717],{"className":45,"code":47945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48718,48719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48720,48721,48723,48725,48727,48729,48731,48733,48735,48737,48739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48722,81],{"class":80},[52,48724,85],{"class":84},[52,48726,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48728,85],{"class":84},[52,48730,100],{"class":66},[52,48732,46715],{"class":70},[52,48734,100],{"class":66},[52,48736,318],{"class":84},[52,48738,3111],{"class":608},[52,48740,108],{"class":84},[412,48742,1725,48744,48746],{"id":48743},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48745,2996],{}," to round",[20,48748,48749],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[43,48751,48753],{"className":45,"code":48752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48754,48755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48756,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48758,81],{"class":80},[52,48760,85],{"class":84},[52,48762,2304],{"class":1929},[52,48764,85],{"class":84},[52,48766,48767],{"class":608},"4.9",[52,48769,108],{"class":84},[20,48771,135],{},[43,48773,48775],{"className":45,"code":48774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n",[15,48776,48777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48778,48779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48780,48774],{"class":608},[20,48782,3289,48783,48785,48786,48788],{},[15,48784,2252],{},", remember that ",[15,48787,2996],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[38,48790,1940],{"id":1939},[412,48792,1944,48794,48796],{"id":48793},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48795,2996],{}," round numbers?",[20,48798,46488,48799,48801],{},[15,48800,2996],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[412,48803,5282,48805,48808],{"id":48804},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48806,48807],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48810,29187,48811,48813,48814,48816,48817,40055],{},[15,48812,48218],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48815,3002],{}," first, then use ",[15,48818,2996],{},[412,48820,5266,48822,12838],{"id":48821},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48823,48824],{},"int(True)",[20,48826,5272,48827,28439,48829,42280,48831,92],{},[15,48828,3106],{},[15,48830,35],{},[15,48832,2235],{},[412,48834,48836],{"id":48835},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48838,48839],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[38,48841,2005],{"id":2004},[176,48843,48844,48850,48856,48862,48867,48871,48877],{},[179,48845,48846],{},[289,48847,48848,3629],{"href":2999},[15,48849,3002],{},[179,48851,48852],{},[289,48853,48854,3629],{"href":42300},[15,48855,47807],{},[179,48857,48858],{},[289,48859,48860,3629],{"href":5903},[15,48861,3936],{},[179,48863,48864],{},[289,48865,48866],{"href":3079},"How to convert string to int in Python",[179,48868,48869],{},[289,48870,9178],{"href":9100},[179,48872,48873],{},[289,48874,48875,3629],{"href":8343},[15,48876,3075],{},[179,48878,48879],{},[289,48880,30473,48881],{"href":46039},[15,48882,46040],{},[2035,48884,48885],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":48887},[48888,48889,48891,48895,48900,48902,48904,48909,48913,48915,48924,48933],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":46752,"depth":77,"text":48890},"What int() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":48892},[48893,48894],{"id":46943,"depth":111,"text":46946},{"id":47043,"depth":111,"text":47046},{"id":47179,"depth":77,"text":48896,"children":48897},"Using int() with strings",[48898,48899],{"id":47301,"depth":111,"text":47302},{"id":47389,"depth":111,"text":47390},{"id":47664,"depth":77,"text":48901},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47810,"depth":77,"text":48903},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47930,"depth":77,"text":47931,"children":48905},[48906,48907,48908],{"id":47941,"depth":111,"text":47942},{"id":48010,"depth":111,"text":48011},{"id":48051,"depth":111,"text":48052},{"id":48109,"depth":77,"text":48110,"children":48910},[48911,48912],{"id":41640,"depth":111,"text":40830},{"id":41706,"depth":111,"text":3124},{"id":48453,"depth":77,"text":48914},"When to use int()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":48916},[48917,48918,48919,48921,48922],{"id":48557,"depth":111,"text":48558},{"id":48609,"depth":111,"text":48610},{"id":48627,"depth":111,"text":48920},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48700,"depth":111,"text":48701},{"id":48743,"depth":111,"text":48923},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":48925},[48926,48928,48930,48932],{"id":48793,"depth":111,"text":48927},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48804,"depth":111,"text":48929},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48821,"depth":111,"text":48931},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48835,"depth":111,"text":48836},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42221,"description":48934},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48941,"title":48942,"body":48943,"description":50778,"extension":2078,"meta":50779,"navigation":221,"path":44925,"seo":50780,"stem":50781,"__hash__":50782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48944,"toc":50734},[48945,48950,48955,48963,48972,48974,49033,49039,49044,49049,49052,49080,49083,49086,49097,49107,49109,49111,49131,49135,49163,49165,49204,49206,49214,49216,49219,49223,49276,49278,49290,49294,49351,49353,49365,49371,49377,49381,49384,49387,49453,49455,49467,49473,49475,49527,49530,49571,49574,49581,49590,49596,49599,49632,49638,49641,49672,49678,49681,49693,49697,49702,49706,49864,49866,49881,49884,49888,49992,49994,50010,50014,50075,50077,50085,50088,50092,50159,50161,50170,50176,50178,50187,50189,50224,50229,50231,50261,50265,50267,50304,50307,50309,50346,50352,50354,50404,50406,50414,50424,50430,50434,50439,50488,50490,50503,50506,50508,50511,50586,50589,50608,50611,50641,50651,50653,50658,50665,50671,50677,50684,50692,50698,50701,50703,50731],[10,48946,3696,48948,3700],{"id":48947},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48949,44928],{},[20,48951,48952,48954],{},[15,48953,44928],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48956,48957,48958,32,48960,48962],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48959,31],{},[15,48961,35],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48964,48965,48966,48968,48969,48971],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48967,44928],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48970,2419],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[38,48973,3729],{"id":3728},[43,48975,48977],{"className":45,"code":48976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48978,48979,48987,48991,49012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48980,48981,48983,48985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48982,2565],{"class":58},[52,48984,63],{"class":62},[52,48986,2706],{"class":608},[52,48988,48989],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,48990,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,48992,48993,48995,48997,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008,49010],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,48994,81],{"class":80},[52,48996,85],{"class":84},[52,48998,48999],{"class":80},"isinstance",[52,49001,85],{"class":84},[52,49003,2591],{"class":88},[52,49005,318],{"class":84},[52,49007,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49009,5485],{"class":84},[52,49011,43980],{"class":1479},[52,49013,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49029,49031],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,49015,81],{"class":80},[52,49017,85],{"class":84},[52,49019,48999],{"class":80},[52,49021,85],{"class":84},[52,49023,2591],{"class":88},[52,49025,318],{"class":84},[52,49027,49028],{"class":1929}," str",[52,49030,5485],{"class":84},[52,49032,43997],{"class":1479},[20,49034,154,49035,49038],{},[15,49036,49037],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[38,49040,166,49042,169],{"id":49041},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49043,44928],{},[20,49045,49046,49048],{},[15,49047,44928],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49050,49051],{},"It:",[176,49053,49054,49057,49063,49066],{},[179,49055,49056],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[179,49058,184,49059,32,49061],{},[15,49060,31],{},[15,49062,35],{},[179,49064,49065],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[179,49067,49068,49069,2305,49071,2305,49073,2305,49075,17198,49078],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49070,3563],{},[15,49072,2304],{},[15,49074,8217],{},[15,49076,49077],{},"tuple",[15,49079,8941],{},[20,49081,49082],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49084,49085],{},"For example, you might want to:",[176,49087,49088,49091,49094],{},[179,49089,49090],{},"loop through a list",[179,49092,49093],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[179,49095,49096],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49098,49099,49100,32,49103,92],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[289,49101,44920],{"href":49102},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[289,49104,49106],{"href":49105},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[38,49108,296],{"id":295},[20,49110,2275],{},[43,49112,49114],{"className":45,"code":49113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49115,49116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49117,49118,49120,49122,49124,49126,49129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49119,48999],{"class":80},[52,49121,85],{"class":84},[52,49123,42524],{"class":1929},[52,49125,318],{"class":84},[52,49127,49128],{"class":88}," classinfo",[52,49130,329],{"class":84},[412,49132,49134],{"id":49133},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[176,49136,49137,49142,49156],{},[179,49138,49139,49141],{},[15,49140,42524],{}," is the value you want to test",[179,49143,49144,49147,49148,2305,49150,2305,49152,2309,49154],{},[15,49145,49146],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49149,2304],{},[15,49151,3563],{},[15,49153,8217],{},[15,49155,8941],{},[179,49157,49158,49159,32,49161],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49160,31],{},[15,49162,35],{},[20,49164,197],{},[43,49166,49168],{"className":45,"code":49167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49169,49170,49182,49186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49171,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49173,441],{"class":58},[52,49175,63],{"class":62},[52,49177,67],{"class":66},[52,49179,11631],{"class":70},[52,49181,74],{"class":66},[52,49183,49184],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49185,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49187,49188,49190,49192,49194,49196,49198,49200,49202],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49189,81],{"class":80},[52,49191,85],{"class":84},[52,49193,48999],{"class":80},[52,49195,85],{"class":84},[52,49197,459],{"class":88},[52,49199,318],{"class":84},[52,49201,49028],{"class":1929},[52,49203,108],{"class":84},[20,49205,135],{},[43,49207,49208],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49209,49210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49211,49212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49213,146],{"class":145},[38,49215,11597],{"id":11596},[20,49217,49218],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[412,49220,49222],{"id":49221},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[43,49224,49226],{"className":45,"code":49225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49227,49228,49236,49240,49258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49229,49230,49232,49234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49231,2565],{"class":58},[52,49233,63],{"class":62},[52,49235,45348],{"class":608},[52,49237,49238],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49239,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49241,49242,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254,49256],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49243,81],{"class":80},[52,49245,85],{"class":84},[52,49247,48999],{"class":80},[52,49249,85],{"class":84},[52,49251,2591],{"class":88},[52,49253,318],{"class":84},[52,49255,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49257,108],{"class":84},[52,49259,49260,49262,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,49261,81],{"class":80},[52,49263,85],{"class":84},[52,49265,48999],{"class":80},[52,49267,85],{"class":84},[52,49269,2591],{"class":88},[52,49271,318],{"class":84},[52,49273,49028],{"class":1929},[52,49275,108],{"class":84},[20,49277,135],{},[43,49279,49280],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49281,49282,49286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49283,49284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49285,146],{"class":145},[52,49287,49288],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49289,151],{"class":145},[412,49291,49293],{"id":49292},"check-text","Check text",[43,49295,49297],{"className":45,"code":49296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49298,49299,49311,49315,49333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49300,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49302,207],{"class":58},[52,49304,63],{"class":62},[52,49306,67],{"class":66},[52,49308,266],{"class":70},[52,49310,74],{"class":66},[52,49312,49313],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49314,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49316,49317,49319,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49318,81],{"class":80},[52,49320,85],{"class":84},[52,49322,48999],{"class":80},[52,49324,85],{"class":84},[52,49326,231],{"class":88},[52,49328,318],{"class":84},[52,49330,49028],{"class":1929},[52,49332,108],{"class":84},[52,49334,49335,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,49336,81],{"class":80},[52,49338,85],{"class":84},[52,49340,48999],{"class":80},[52,49342,85],{"class":84},[52,49344,231],{"class":88},[52,49346,318],{"class":84},[52,49348,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49350,108],{"class":84},[20,49352,135],{},[43,49354,49355],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49356,49357,49361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49358,49359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49360,146],{"class":145},[52,49362,49363],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49364,151],{"class":145},[20,49366,49367,49368,49370],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49369,44928],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49372,49373,49374,92],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[289,49375,49376],{"href":3079},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[38,49378,49380],{"id":49379},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49382,49383],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49385,49386],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[43,49388,49390],{"className":45,"code":49389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49391,49392,49401,49405,49429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49393,49394,49396,49398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49395,2565],{"class":58},[52,49397,63],{"class":62},[52,49399,49400],{"class":608}," 3.5\n",[52,49402,49403],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49404,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49406,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49408,81],{"class":80},[52,49410,85],{"class":84},[52,49412,48999],{"class":80},[52,49414,85],{"class":84},[52,49416,2591],{"class":88},[52,49418,318],{"class":84},[52,49420,1370],{"class":84},[52,49422,2304],{"class":1929},[52,49424,318],{"class":84},[52,49426,40381],{"class":1929},[52,49428,546],{"class":84},[52,49430,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,49432,81],{"class":80},[52,49434,85],{"class":84},[52,49436,48999],{"class":80},[52,49438,85],{"class":84},[52,49440,2591],{"class":88},[52,49442,318],{"class":84},[52,49444,1370],{"class":84},[52,49446,3563],{"class":1929},[52,49448,318],{"class":84},[52,49450,22686],{"class":1929},[52,49452,546],{"class":84},[20,49454,135],{},[43,49456,49457],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49458,49459,49463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49460,49461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49462,146],{"class":145},[52,49464,49465],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49466,151],{"class":145},[20,49468,49469,49470,49472],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49471,40963],{}," conditions.",[20,49474,8422],{},[43,49476,49478],{"className":45,"code":49477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49479,49480,49488,49492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49481,49482,49484,49486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49483,2565],{"class":58},[52,49485,63],{"class":62},[52,49487,49400],{"class":608},[52,49489,49490],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49491,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49493,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49515,49517,49519,49521,49523,49525],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49495,81],{"class":80},[52,49497,85],{"class":84},[52,49499,1930],{"class":1929},[52,49501,85],{"class":84},[52,49503,2591],{"class":88},[52,49505,3784],{"class":84},[52,49507,6531],{"class":62},[52,49509,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49511,48359],{"class":761},[52,49513,49514],{"class":1929}," type",[52,49516,85],{"class":84},[52,49518,2591],{"class":88},[52,49520,3784],{"class":84},[52,49522,6531],{"class":62},[52,49524,40381],{"class":1929},[52,49526,329],{"class":84},[20,49528,49529],{},"you can write this:",[43,49531,49533],{"className":45,"code":49532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49534,49535,49543,49547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49536,49537,49539,49541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49538,2565],{"class":58},[52,49540,63],{"class":62},[52,49542,49400],{"class":608},[52,49544,49545],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49546,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49548,49549,49551,49553,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49550,81],{"class":80},[52,49552,85],{"class":84},[52,49554,48999],{"class":80},[52,49556,85],{"class":84},[52,49558,2591],{"class":88},[52,49560,318],{"class":84},[52,49562,1370],{"class":84},[52,49564,2304],{"class":1929},[52,49566,318],{"class":84},[52,49568,40381],{"class":1929},[52,49570,546],{"class":84},[20,49572,49573],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[38,49575,49577,10707,49579],{"id":49576},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49578,44928],{},[15,49580,2419],{},[20,49582,10712,49583,342,49585,49589],{},[15,49584,44928],{},[289,49586,49587],{"href":2416},[15,49588,2419],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[412,49591,49593],{"id":49592},"typevalue-int",[15,49594,49595],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49597,49598],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[43,49600,49602],{"className":45,"code":49601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49603,49604,49612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49605,49606,49608,49610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49607,2565],{"class":58},[52,49609,63],{"class":62},[52,49611,2706],{"class":608},[52,49613,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49615,81],{"class":80},[52,49617,85],{"class":84},[52,49619,1930],{"class":1929},[52,49621,85],{"class":84},[52,49623,2591],{"class":88},[52,49625,3784],{"class":84},[52,49627,6531],{"class":62},[52,49629,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49631,329],{"class":84},[412,49633,49635],{"id":49634},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49636,49637],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49639,49640],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[43,49642,49644],{"className":45,"code":49643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49645,49646,49654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49647,49648,49650,49652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49649,2565],{"class":58},[52,49651,63],{"class":62},[52,49653,2706],{"class":608},[52,49655,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49657,81],{"class":80},[52,49659,85],{"class":84},[52,49661,48999],{"class":80},[52,49663,85],{"class":84},[52,49665,2591],{"class":88},[52,49667,318],{"class":84},[52,49669,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49671,108],{"class":84},[20,49673,49674,49675,49677],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49676,44928],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49679,49680],{},"In everyday code:",[176,49682,49683,49688],{},[179,49684,40116,49685,49687],{},[15,49686,2419],{}," when you need the exact type",[179,49689,40116,49690,49692],{},[15,49691,44928],{}," when you want a practical type check",[38,49694,49696],{"id":49695},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49698,49699,49700,92],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49701,44928],{},[412,49703,49705],{"id":49704},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[43,49707,49709],{"className":45,"code":49708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49710,49711,49729,49748,49760,49765,49783,49794,49798,49810,49814,49838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49712,49713,49715,49718,49720,49722,49724,49727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49714,34976],{"class":2180},[52,49716,49717],{"class":34979}," repeat_text",[52,49719,85],{"class":84},[52,49721,231],{"class":37788},[52,49723,318],{"class":84},[52,49725,49726],{"class":37788}," count",[52,49728,779],{"class":84},[52,49730,49731,49733,49735,49738,49740,49742,49744,49746],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49732,6521],{"class":761},[52,49734,8223],{"class":62},[52,49736,49737],{"class":80}," isinstance",[52,49739,85],{"class":84},[52,49741,231],{"class":88},[52,49743,318],{"class":84},[52,49745,49028],{"class":1929},[52,49747,779],{"class":84},[52,49749,49750,49753,49755,49758],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49751,49752],{"class":761},"        return",[52,49754,67],{"class":66},[52,49756,49757],{"class":70},"text must be a string",[52,49759,74],{"class":66},[52,49761,49762],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,49763,49764],{"class":58},"    \n",[52,49766,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,49768,6521],{"class":761},[52,49770,8223],{"class":62},[52,49772,49737],{"class":80},[52,49774,85],{"class":84},[52,49776,41386],{"class":88},[52,49778,318],{"class":84},[52,49780,45399],{"class":1929},[52,49782,779],{"class":84},[52,49784,49785,49787,49789,49792],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,49786,49752],{"class":761},[52,49788,67],{"class":66},[52,49790,49791],{"class":70},"count must be an integer",[52,49793,74],{"class":66},[52,49795,49796],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,49797,49764],{"class":58},[52,49799,49800,49802,49805,49807],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,49801,34987],{"class":761},[52,49803,49804],{"class":58}," text ",[52,49806,39998],{"class":62},[52,49808,49809],{"class":58}," count\n",[52,49811,49812],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,49813,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49815,49816,49818,49820,49823,49825,49827,49830,49832,49834,49836],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,49817,81],{"class":80},[52,49819,85],{"class":84},[52,49821,49822],{"class":88},"repeat_text",[52,49824,85],{"class":84},[52,49826,100],{"class":66},[52,49828,49829],{"class":70},"Hi ",[52,49831,100],{"class":66},[52,49833,318],{"class":84},[52,49835,609],{"class":608},[52,49837,108],{"class":84},[52,49839,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862],{"class":54,"line":11717},[52,49841,81],{"class":80},[52,49843,85],{"class":84},[52,49845,49822],{"class":88},[52,49847,85],{"class":84},[52,49849,100],{"class":66},[52,49851,49829],{"class":70},[52,49853,100],{"class":66},[52,49855,318],{"class":84},[52,49857,67],{"class":66},[52,49859,627],{"class":70},[52,49861,100],{"class":66},[52,49863,108],{"class":84},[20,49865,135],{},[43,49867,49869],{"className":45,"code":49868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49870,49871,49876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49872,49873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49874,49875],{"class":58},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[52,49877,49878],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49879,49880],{"class":58},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49882,49883],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[412,49885,49887],{"id":49886},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[43,49889,49891],{"className":45,"code":49890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49892,49893,49925,49929,49945,49960,49977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49894,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49896,2565],{"class":58},[52,49898,63],{"class":62},[52,49900,3744],{"class":84},[52,49902,100],{"class":66},[52,49904,289],{"class":70},[52,49906,100],{"class":66},[52,49908,318],{"class":84},[52,49910,67],{"class":66},[52,49912,4883],{"class":70},[52,49914,100],{"class":66},[52,49916,318],{"class":84},[52,49918,67],{"class":66},[52,49920,9860],{"class":70},[52,49922,100],{"class":66},[52,49924,3757],{"class":84},[52,49926,49927],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,49928,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,49930,49931,49933,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,49932,733],{"class":761},[52,49934,49737],{"class":80},[52,49936,85],{"class":84},[52,49938,2591],{"class":88},[52,49940,318],{"class":84},[52,49942,49028],{"class":1929},[52,49944,779],{"class":84},[52,49946,49947,49949,49951,49953,49956,49958],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,49948,784],{"class":80},[52,49950,85],{"class":84},[52,49952,100],{"class":66},[52,49954,49955],{"class":70},"This is text",[52,49957,100],{"class":66},[52,49959,329],{"class":84},[52,49961,49962,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,49963,49964],{"class":761},"elif",[52,49966,49737],{"class":80},[52,49968,85],{"class":84},[52,49970,2591],{"class":88},[52,49972,318],{"class":84},[52,49974,22686],{"class":1929},[52,49976,779],{"class":84},[52,49978,49979,49981,49983,49985,49988,49990],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,49980,784],{"class":80},[52,49982,85],{"class":84},[52,49984,100],{"class":66},[52,49986,49987],{"class":70},"This is a list",[52,49989,100],{"class":66},[52,49991,329],{"class":84},[20,49993,135],{},[43,49995,49997],{"className":45,"code":49996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a list\n",[15,49998,49999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50000,50001,50003,50005,50007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50002,832],{"class":58},[52,50004,835],{"class":62},[52,50006,838],{"class":58},[52,50008,50009],{"class":1929},"list\n",[412,50011,50013],{"id":50012},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[43,50015,50017],{"className":45,"code":50016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50018,50019,50031,50035,50051,50065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50020,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50022,2565],{"class":58},[52,50024,63],{"class":62},[52,50026,67],{"class":66},[52,50028,46649],{"class":70},[52,50030,74],{"class":66},[52,50032,50033],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50034,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,50036,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50038,733],{"class":761},[52,50040,49737],{"class":80},[52,50042,85],{"class":84},[52,50044,2591],{"class":88},[52,50046,318],{"class":84},[52,50048,49028],{"class":1929},[52,50050,779],{"class":84},[52,50052,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061,50063],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,50054,42015],{"class":58},[52,50056,63],{"class":62},[52,50058,45399],{"class":1929},[52,50060,85],{"class":84},[52,50062,2591],{"class":88},[52,50064,329],{"class":84},[52,50066,50067,50069,50071,50073],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,50068,784],{"class":80},[52,50070,85],{"class":84},[52,50072,2356],{"class":88},[52,50074,329],{"class":84},[20,50076,135],{},[43,50078,50079],{"className":45,"code":46735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50080,50081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50082,50083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50084,46735],{"class":608},[20,50086,50087],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[412,50089,50091],{"id":50090},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[43,50093,50095],{"className":45,"code":50094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50096,50097,50121,50125,50141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50098,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111,50113,50115,50117,50119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50100,2565],{"class":58},[52,50102,63],{"class":62},[52,50104,10612],{"class":84},[52,50106,100],{"class":66},[52,50108,459],{"class":70},[52,50110,100],{"class":66},[52,50112,174],{"class":84},[52,50114,67],{"class":66},[52,50116,13003],{"class":70},[52,50118,100],{"class":66},[52,50120,9429],{"class":84},[52,50122,50123],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50124,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,50126,50127,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137,50139],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50128,733],{"class":761},[52,50130,49737],{"class":80},[52,50132,85],{"class":84},[52,50134,2591],{"class":88},[52,50136,318],{"class":84},[52,50138,9291],{"class":1929},[52,50140,779],{"class":84},[52,50142,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,50144,784],{"class":80},[52,50146,85],{"class":84},[52,50148,2591],{"class":88},[52,50150,4021],{"class":84},[52,50152,100],{"class":66},[52,50154,459],{"class":70},[52,50156,100],{"class":66},[52,50158,4009],{"class":84},[20,50160,135],{},[43,50162,50164],{"className":45,"code":50163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n",[15,50165,50166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50167,50168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50169,50163],{"class":58},[20,50171,50172,50173,50175],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50174,3124],{}," messages later.",[38,50177,4640],{"id":4639},[412,50179,50181,50182,11214,50185],{"id":50180},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50183,50184],{},"\"int\"",[15,50186,2304],{},[20,50188,16769],{},[43,50190,50192],{"className":45,"code":50191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50193,50194,50202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50195,50196,50198,50200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50197,2565],{"class":58},[52,50199,63],{"class":62},[52,50201,2706],{"class":608},[52,50203,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220,50222],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50205,81],{"class":80},[52,50207,85],{"class":84},[52,50209,48999],{"class":80},[52,50211,85],{"class":84},[52,50213,2591],{"class":88},[52,50215,318],{"class":84},[52,50217,67],{"class":66},[52,50219,2304],{"class":70},[52,50221,100],{"class":66},[52,50223,108],{"class":84},[20,50225,50226,50228],{},[15,50227,50184],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50230,16781],{},[43,50232,50233],{"className":45,"code":49643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50234,50235,50243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50236,50237,50239,50241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50238,2565],{"class":58},[52,50240,63],{"class":62},[52,50242,2706],{"class":608},[52,50244,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257,50259],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50246,81],{"class":80},[52,50248,85],{"class":84},[52,50250,48999],{"class":80},[52,50252,85],{"class":84},[52,50254,2591],{"class":88},[52,50256,318],{"class":84},[52,50258,45399],{"class":1929},[52,50260,108],{"class":84},[412,50262,50264],{"id":50263},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50266,16769],{},[43,50268,50270],{"className":45,"code":50269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50271,50272,50280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50273,50274,50276,50278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50275,2565],{"class":58},[52,50277,63],{"class":62},[52,50279,34967],{"class":608},[52,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50283,81],{"class":80},[52,50285,85],{"class":84},[52,50287,48999],{"class":80},[52,50289,85],{"class":84},[52,50291,2591],{"class":88},[52,50293,318],{"class":84},[52,50295,3744],{"class":84},[52,50297,2304],{"class":1929},[52,50299,318],{"class":84},[52,50301,40381],{"class":1929},[52,50303,3118],{"class":84},[20,50305,50306],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50308,16781],{},[43,50310,50312],{"className":45,"code":50311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50313,50314,50322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50315,50316,50318,50320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50317,2565],{"class":58},[52,50319,63],{"class":62},[52,50321,34967],{"class":608},[52,50323,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50325,81],{"class":80},[52,50327,85],{"class":84},[52,50329,48999],{"class":80},[52,50331,85],{"class":84},[52,50333,2591],{"class":88},[52,50335,318],{"class":84},[52,50337,1370],{"class":84},[52,50339,2304],{"class":1929},[52,50341,318],{"class":84},[52,50343,40381],{"class":1929},[52,50345,546],{"class":84},[412,50347,25900,50349,50351],{"id":50348},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50350,44928],{}," converts a value",[20,50353,19039],{},[43,50355,50357],{"className":45,"code":50356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50358,50359,50372,50390,50394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50360,50361,50363,50365,50367,50370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50362,2565],{"class":58},[52,50364,63],{"class":62},[52,50366,67],{"class":66},[52,50368,50369],{"class":70},"123",[52,50371,74],{"class":66},[52,50373,50374,50376,50378,50380,50382,50384,50386,50388],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50375,2346],{"class":58},[52,50377,63],{"class":62},[52,50379,49737],{"class":80},[52,50381,85],{"class":84},[52,50383,2591],{"class":88},[52,50385,318],{"class":84},[52,50387,45399],{"class":1929},[52,50389,329],{"class":84},[52,50391,50392],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50393,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,50395,50396,50398,50400,50402],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,50397,81],{"class":80},[52,50399,85],{"class":84},[52,50401,2381],{"class":88},[52,50403,329],{"class":84},[20,50405,135],{},[43,50407,50408],{"className":45,"code":151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50409,50410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50411,50412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50413,151],{"class":145},[20,50415,50416,50417,50420,50421,50423],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50418,50419],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50422,50369],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50425,50426,50427,6755],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50428,50429],{},"int(value)",[412,50431,50433],{"id":50432},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50435,50436,50438],{},[15,50437,44928],{}," does not modify anything.",[43,50440,50442],{"className":45,"code":50441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50443,50444,50456,50460,50478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50445,50446,50448,50450,50452,50454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50447,2565],{"class":58},[52,50449,63],{"class":62},[52,50451,67],{"class":66},[52,50453,13682],{"class":70},[52,50455,74],{"class":66},[52,50457,50458],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50459,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,50461,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50463,81],{"class":80},[52,50465,85],{"class":84},[52,50467,48999],{"class":80},[52,50469,85],{"class":84},[52,50471,2591],{"class":88},[52,50473,318],{"class":84},[52,50475,49028],{"class":1929},[52,50477,108],{"class":84},[52,50479,50480,50482,50484,50486],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,50481,81],{"class":80},[52,50483,85],{"class":84},[52,50485,2591],{"class":88},[52,50487,329],{"class":84},[20,50489,135],{},[43,50491,50493],{"className":45,"code":50492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n100\n",[15,50494,50495,50499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50496,50497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50498,146],{"class":145},[52,50500,50501],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50502,47386],{"class":608},[20,50504,50505],{},"The value stays the same.",[38,50507,26068],{"id":26067},[20,50509,50510],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[43,50512,50514],{"className":45,"code":50513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50515,50516,50530,50548,50572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50517,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50519,81],{"class":80},[52,50521,85],{"class":84},[52,50523,1930],{"class":1929},[52,50525,85],{"class":84},[52,50527,2591],{"class":88},[52,50529,108],{"class":84},[52,50531,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50533,81],{"class":80},[52,50535,85],{"class":84},[52,50537,48999],{"class":80},[52,50539,85],{"class":84},[52,50541,2591],{"class":88},[52,50543,318],{"class":84},[52,50545,45399],{"class":1929},[52,50547,108],{"class":84},[52,50549,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50551,81],{"class":80},[52,50553,85],{"class":84},[52,50555,48999],{"class":80},[52,50557,85],{"class":84},[52,50559,2591],{"class":88},[52,50561,318],{"class":84},[52,50563,1370],{"class":84},[52,50565,2304],{"class":1929},[52,50567,318],{"class":84},[52,50569,40381],{"class":1929},[52,50571,546],{"class":84},[52,50573,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,50575,81],{"class":80},[52,50577,85],{"class":84},[52,50579,1865],{"class":80},[52,50581,85],{"class":84},[52,50583,2591],{"class":88},[52,50585,108],{"class":84},[20,50587,50588],{},"These can help when:",[176,50590,50591,50594,50599,50602],{},[179,50592,50593],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[179,50595,50596,50597],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50598,3124],{},[179,50600,50601],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[179,50603,50604,50605,50607],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50606,44928],{}," is invalid",[20,50609,50610],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[176,50612,50613,50627,50633,50638],{},[179,50614,50615,50616,32,50619,50622,50623,32,50625],{},"using ",[15,50617,50618],{},"'int'",[15,50620,50621],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50624,2304],{},[15,50626,3563],{},[179,50628,50629,50630,50632],{},"expecting ",[15,50631,44928],{}," to convert a value",[179,50634,50615,50635,50637],{},[15,50636,2419],{}," when inherited types should also match",[179,50639,50640],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50642,50643,50644,92],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[289,50645,50647,50648],{"href":50646},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50649,50650],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[38,50652,1940],{"id":1939},[412,50654,5266,50656,5269],{"id":50655},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50657,44928],{},[20,50659,5272,50660,50662,50663,92],{},[15,50661,31],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50664,35],{},[412,50666,1958,50668,50670],{"id":50667},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50669,44928],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50672,50673,50674,92],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50675,50676],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[412,50678,1987,50680,342,50682,1993],{"id":50679},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50681,44928],{},[15,50683,2419],{},[20,50685,50686,50688,50689,50691],{},[15,50687,2419],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50690,44928],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[412,50693,1944,50695,50697],{"id":50694},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50696,44928],{}," convert a value?",[20,50699,50700],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[38,50702,2005],{"id":2004},[176,50704,50705,50711,50715,50720,50725],{},[179,50706,50707],{},[289,50708,3696,50709,3629],{"href":2416},[15,50710,2419],{},[179,50712,50713],{},[289,50714,44920],{"href":49102},[179,50716,50717],{},[289,50718,50719],{"href":3079},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[179,50721,50722],{},[289,50723,50724],{"href":49105},"What is a data type in Python?",[179,50726,50727],{},[289,50728,50647,50729],{"href":50646},[15,50730,50650],{},[2035,50732,50733],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":50735},[50736,50737,50739,50742,50746,50747,50752,50758,50766,50767,50777],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":49041,"depth":77,"text":50738},"What isinstance() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":50740},[50741],{"id":49133,"depth":111,"text":49134},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597,"children":50743},[50744,50745],{"id":49221,"depth":111,"text":49222},{"id":49292,"depth":111,"text":49293},{"id":49379,"depth":77,"text":49380},{"id":49576,"depth":77,"text":50748,"children":50749},"isinstance() vs type()",[50750,50751],{"id":49592,"depth":111,"text":49595},{"id":49634,"depth":111,"text":49637},{"id":49695,"depth":77,"text":49696,"children":50753},[50754,50755,50756,50757],{"id":49704,"depth":111,"text":49705},{"id":49886,"depth":111,"text":49887},{"id":50012,"depth":111,"text":50013},{"id":50090,"depth":111,"text":50091},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":50759},[50760,50762,50763,50765],{"id":50180,"depth":111,"text":50761},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50263,"depth":111,"text":50264},{"id":50348,"depth":111,"text":50764},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50432,"depth":111,"text":50433},{"id":26067,"depth":77,"text":26068},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":50768},[50769,50771,50773,50775],{"id":50655,"depth":111,"text":50770},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50667,"depth":111,"text":50772},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50679,"depth":111,"text":50774},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50694,"depth":111,"text":50776},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48942,"description":50778},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50784,"title":50785,"body":50786,"description":52757,"extension":2078,"meta":52758,"navigation":221,"path":52759,"seo":52760,"stem":52761,"__hash__":52762},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50787,"toc":52732},[50788,50791,50796,50801,50815,50818,50820,50895,50900,50904,50909,50912,50926,50928,51094,51106,51108,51110,51125,51128,51131,51144,51146,51244,51248,51254,51257,51266,51268,51303,51308,51329,51334,51339,51371,51374,51431,51435,51441,51444,51497,51499,51539,51542,51610,51613,51664,51671,51675,51681,51766,51772,51778,51827,51830,51833,51883,51885,51890,51894,51944,51948,51995,51999,52076,52080,52145,52148,52152,52157,52162,52174,52176,52195,52201,52203,52222,52227,52254,52261,52265,52271,52274,52369,52372,52375,52424,52429,52431,52435,52470,52473,52530,52540,52543,52577,52580,52582,52586,52589,52593,52596,52600,52603,52607,52620,52624,52629,52631,52681,52693,52695,52729],[10,50789,50785],{"id":50790},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50792,9243,50793,50795],{},[15,50794,42486],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50797,35531,50798,50800],{},[15,50799,42486],{}," to count:",[176,50802,50803,50806,50809,50812],{},[179,50804,50805],{},"characters in a string",[179,50807,50808],{},"items in a list or tuple",[179,50810,50811],{},"keys in a dictionary",[179,50813,50814],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50816,50817],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[38,50819,41],{"id":40},[43,50821,50823],{"className":45,"code":50822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50824,50825,50837,50857,50861,50878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50826,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50828,207],{"class":58},[52,50830,63],{"class":62},[52,50832,67],{"class":66},[52,50834,266],{"class":70},[52,50836,74],{"class":66},[52,50838,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50840,7903],{"class":58},[52,50842,63],{"class":62},[52,50844,3744],{"class":84},[52,50846,2448],{"class":608},[52,50848,318],{"class":84},[52,50850,7914],{"class":608},[52,50852,318],{"class":84},[52,50854,7919],{"class":608},[52,50856,3757],{"class":84},[52,50858,50859],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50860,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,50862,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,50864,81],{"class":80},[52,50866,85],{"class":84},[52,50868,11284],{"class":80},[52,50870,85],{"class":84},[52,50872,231],{"class":88},[52,50874,5485],{"class":84},[52,50876,50877],{"class":1479},"   # 5\n",[52,50879,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,50881,81],{"class":80},[52,50883,85],{"class":84},[52,50885,11284],{"class":80},[52,50887,85],{"class":84},[52,50889,7934],{"class":88},[52,50891,5485],{"class":84},[52,50893,50894],{"class":1479},"  # 3\n",[20,50896,154,50897,50899],{},[15,50898,42486],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[38,50901,50903],{"id":50902},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50905,50906,50908],{},[15,50907,42486],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50910,50911],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[176,50913,50914,50917,50920,50923],{},[179,50915,50916],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[179,50918,50919],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[179,50921,50922],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[179,50924,50925],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50927,197],{},[43,50929,50931],{"className":45,"code":50930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50932,50933,50945,50970,51002,51022,51026,51043,51060,51077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50934,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50936,441],{"class":58},[52,50938,63],{"class":62},[52,50940,67],{"class":66},[52,50942,7800],{"class":70},[52,50944,74],{"class":66},[52,50946,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50968],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,50948,3739],{"class":58},[52,50950,63],{"class":62},[52,50952,3744],{"class":84},[52,50954,2448],{"class":608},[52,50956,318],{"class":84},[52,50958,7914],{"class":608},[52,50960,318],{"class":84},[52,50962,7919],{"class":608},[52,50964,318],{"class":84},[52,50966,50967],{"class":608}," 40",[52,50969,3757],{"class":84},[52,50971,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,50973,9286],{"class":58},[52,50975,63],{"class":62},[52,50977,10612],{"class":84},[52,50979,100],{"class":66},[52,50981,289],{"class":70},[52,50983,100],{"class":66},[52,50985,174],{"class":84},[52,50987,5621],{"class":608},[52,50989,318],{"class":84},[52,50991,67],{"class":66},[52,50993,4883],{"class":70},[52,50995,100],{"class":66},[52,50997,174],{"class":84},[52,50999,3111],{"class":608},[52,51001,9429],{"class":84},[52,51003,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51005,3946],{"class":58},[52,51007,63],{"class":62},[52,51009,10612],{"class":84},[52,51011,2252],{"class":608},[52,51013,318],{"class":84},[52,51015,37769],{"class":608},[52,51017,318],{"class":84},[52,51019,6117],{"class":608},[52,51021,9429],{"class":84},[52,51023,51024],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,51025,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,51027,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,51029,81],{"class":80},[52,51031,85],{"class":84},[52,51033,11284],{"class":80},[52,51035,85],{"class":84},[52,51037,459],{"class":88},[52,51039,5485],{"class":84},[52,51041,51042],{"class":1479},"     # 3\n",[52,51044,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,51046,81],{"class":80},[52,51048,85],{"class":84},[52,51050,11284],{"class":80},[52,51052,85],{"class":84},[52,51054,3771],{"class":88},[52,51056,5485],{"class":84},[52,51058,51059],{"class":1479},"  # 4\n",[52,51061,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,51063,81],{"class":80},[52,51065,85],{"class":84},[52,51067,11284],{"class":80},[52,51069,85],{"class":84},[52,51071,9325],{"class":88},[52,51073,5485],{"class":84},[52,51075,51076],{"class":1479},"     # 2\n",[52,51078,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087,51089,51091],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,51080,81],{"class":80},[52,51082,85],{"class":84},[52,51084,11284],{"class":80},[52,51086,85],{"class":84},[52,51088,5482],{"class":88},[52,51090,5485],{"class":84},[52,51092,51093],{"class":1479},"   # 3\n",[20,51095,51096,51097,2305,51100,17198,51104,92],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[289,51098,51099],{"href":291},"Python strings explained",[289,51101,51103],{"href":51102},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[289,51105,9276],{"href":9275},[38,51107,296],{"id":295},[20,51109,2275],{},[43,51111,51113],{"className":45,"code":51112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(object)\n",[15,51114,51115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51116,51117,51119,51121,51123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51118,11284],{"class":80},[52,51120,85],{"class":84},[52,51122,42524],{"class":1929},[52,51124,329],{"class":84},[20,51126,51127],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51129,51130],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[176,51132,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141],{},[179,51134,38033],{},[179,51136,38027],{},[179,51138,38030],{},[179,51140,38036],{},[179,51142,51143],{},"a dictionary",[20,51145,197],{},[43,51147,51149],{"className":45,"code":51148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51150,51151,51172,51196,51218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51152,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51154,81],{"class":80},[52,51156,85],{"class":84},[52,51158,11284],{"class":80},[52,51160,85],{"class":84},[52,51162,100],{"class":66},[52,51164,47],{"class":70},[52,51166,100],{"class":66},[52,51168,5485],{"class":84},[52,51170,51171],{"class":1479},"      # 6\n",[52,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51175,81],{"class":80},[52,51177,85],{"class":84},[52,51179,11284],{"class":80},[52,51181,3103],{"class":84},[52,51183,3106],{"class":608},[52,51185,318],{"class":84},[52,51187,3111],{"class":608},[52,51189,318],{"class":84},[52,51191,609],{"class":608},[52,51193,4857],{"class":84},[52,51195,51042],{"class":1479},[52,51197,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51215],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,51199,81],{"class":80},[52,51201,85],{"class":84},[52,51203,11284],{"class":80},[52,51205,519],{"class":84},[52,51207,2448],{"class":608},[52,51209,318],{"class":84},[52,51211,7914],{"class":608},[52,51213,51214],{"class":84},")))",[52,51216,51217],{"class":1479},"      # 2\n",[52,51219,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51241],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51221,81],{"class":80},[52,51223,85],{"class":84},[52,51225,11284],{"class":80},[52,51227,5652],{"class":84},[52,51229,100],{"class":66},[52,51231,2289],{"class":70},[52,51233,100],{"class":66},[52,51235,174],{"class":84},[52,51237,5621],{"class":608},[52,51239,51240],{"class":84},"}))",[52,51242,51243],{"class":1479},"      # 1\n",[38,51245,51247],{"id":51246},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51249,51250,51251,51253],{},"When you use ",[15,51252,42486],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51255,51256],{},"That includes:",[176,51258,51259,51261,51263],{},[179,51260,36268],{},[179,51262,10573],{},[179,51264,51265],{},"punctuation",[20,51267,197],{},[43,51269,51271],{"className":45,"code":51270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51272,51273,51286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51274,51275,51277,51279,51281,51284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51276,207],{"class":58},[52,51278,63],{"class":62},[52,51280,67],{"class":66},[52,51282,51283],{"class":70},"Hi there!",[52,51285,74],{"class":66},[52,51287,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51289,81],{"class":80},[52,51291,85],{"class":84},[52,51293,11284],{"class":80},[52,51295,85],{"class":84},[52,51297,231],{"class":88},[52,51299,5485],{"class":84},[52,51301,51302],{"class":1479},"  # 9\n",[20,51304,51305,51306,1993],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51307,2260],{},[176,51309,51310,51316,51320,51323],{},[179,51311,51312,51315],{},[15,51313,51314],{},"H"," = 1",[179,51317,51318,51315],{},[15,51319,36279],{},[179,51321,51322],{},"space = 1",[179,51324,51325,51328],{},[15,51326,51327],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51330,51331,51332],{},"Total: ",[15,51333,2260],{},[20,51335,51336,51337,174],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51338,2235],{},[43,51340,51342],{"className":45,"code":51341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51343,51344,51353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51345,51346,51349,51351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51347,51348],{"class":58},"empty_text ",[52,51350,63],{"class":62},[52,51352,8005],{"class":66},[52,51354,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51366,51368],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51356,81],{"class":80},[52,51358,85],{"class":84},[52,51360,11284],{"class":80},[52,51362,85],{"class":84},[52,51364,51365],{"class":88},"empty_text",[52,51367,5485],{"class":84},[52,51369,51370],{"class":1479},"  # 0\n",[20,51372,51373],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[43,51375,51377],{"className":45,"code":51376,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51378,51379,51392,51396,51416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51380,51381,51384,51386,51388,51390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51382,51383],{"class":58},"user_name ",[52,51385,63],{"class":62},[52,51387,67],{"class":66},[52,51389,5127],{"class":70},[52,51391,74],{"class":66},[52,51393,51394],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51395,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,51397,51398,51400,51402,51404,51407,51409,51412,51414],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,51399,733],{"class":761},[52,51401,38512],{"class":80},[52,51403,85],{"class":84},[52,51405,51406],{"class":88},"user_name",[52,51408,3784],{"class":84},[52,51410,51411],{"class":62}," >=",[52,51413,609],{"class":608},[52,51415,804],{"class":84},[52,51417,51418,51420,51422,51424,51427,51429],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51419,784],{"class":80},[52,51421,85],{"class":84},[52,51423,100],{"class":66},[52,51425,51426],{"class":70},"Name is long enough",[52,51428,100],{"class":66},[52,51430,329],{"class":84},[38,51432,51434],{"id":51433},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51436,51437,51438,51440],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51439,42486],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51442,51443],{},"Example with a list:",[43,51445,51447],{"className":45,"code":51446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51448,51449,51481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51450,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51452,13199],{"class":58},[52,51454,63],{"class":62},[52,51456,3744],{"class":84},[52,51458,100],{"class":66},[52,51460,13216],{"class":70},[52,51462,100],{"class":66},[52,51464,318],{"class":84},[52,51466,67],{"class":66},[52,51468,17580],{"class":70},[52,51470,100],{"class":66},[52,51472,318],{"class":84},[52,51474,67],{"class":66},[52,51476,13233],{"class":70},[52,51478,100],{"class":66},[52,51480,3757],{"class":84},[52,51482,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51484,81],{"class":80},[52,51486,85],{"class":84},[52,51488,11284],{"class":80},[52,51490,85],{"class":84},[52,51492,17627],{"class":88},[52,51494,5485],{"class":84},[52,51496,50894],{"class":1479},[20,51498,38042],{},[43,51500,51502],{"className":45,"code":51501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51503,51504,51521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51505,51506,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51507,51508],{"class":58},"point ",[52,51510,63],{"class":62},[52,51512,1370],{"class":84},[52,51514,2448],{"class":608},[52,51516,318],{"class":84},[52,51518,7914],{"class":608},[52,51520,329],{"class":84},[52,51522,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531,51534,51536],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51524,81],{"class":80},[52,51526,85],{"class":84},[52,51528,11284],{"class":80},[52,51530,85],{"class":84},[52,51532,51533],{"class":88},"point",[52,51535,5485],{"class":84},[52,51537,51538],{"class":1479},"  # 2\n",[20,51540,51541],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[43,51543,51545],{"className":45,"code":51544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51546,51547,51571,51575,51593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51548,51549,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51550,7903],{"class":58},[52,51552,63],{"class":62},[52,51554,3744],{"class":84},[52,51556,100],{"class":66},[52,51558,4199],{"class":70},[52,51560,100],{"class":66},[52,51562,318],{"class":84},[52,51564,67],{"class":66},[52,51566,4208],{"class":70},[52,51568,100],{"class":66},[52,51570,3757],{"class":84},[52,51572,51573],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51574,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,51576,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,51578,733],{"class":761},[52,51580,38512],{"class":80},[52,51582,85],{"class":84},[52,51584,7934],{"class":88},[52,51586,3784],{"class":84},[52,51588,38522],{"class":62},[52,51590,5621],{"class":608},[52,51592,804],{"class":84},[52,51594,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51596,784],{"class":80},[52,51598,85],{"class":84},[52,51600,7934],{"class":88},[52,51602,4021],{"class":84},[52,51604,3106],{"class":608},[52,51606,20572],{"class":84},[52,51608,51609],{"class":1479},"  # banana\n",[20,51611,51612],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[43,51614,51616],{"className":45,"code":51615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51617,51618,51641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51619,51620,51622,51624,51626,51629,51631,51634,51636,51639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51621,5187],{"class":58},[52,51623,63],{"class":62},[52,51625,3744],{"class":84},[52,51627,51628],{"class":608},"88",[52,51630,318],{"class":84},[52,51632,51633],{"class":608}," 91",[52,51635,318],{"class":84},[52,51637,51638],{"class":608}," 75",[52,51640,3757],{"class":84},[52,51642,51643,51645,51647,51649,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51644,81],{"class":80},[52,51646,85],{"class":84},[52,51648,100],{"class":66},[52,51650,51651],{"class":70},"Number of scores:",[52,51653,100],{"class":66},[52,51655,318],{"class":84},[52,51657,38512],{"class":80},[52,51659,85],{"class":84},[52,51661,16514],{"class":88},[52,51663,108],{"class":84},[20,51665,51666,51667,92],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[289,51668,51670],{"href":51669},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[38,51672,51674],{"id":51673},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51676,51677,51678,51680],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51679,42486],{}," counts keys.",[43,51682,51684],{"className":45,"code":51683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51685,51686,51694,51712,51726,51742,51746,51750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51687,51688,51690,51692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51689,12986],{"class":58},[52,51691,63],{"class":62},[52,51693,11615],{"class":84},[52,51695,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51697,11620],{"class":66},[52,51699,459],{"class":70},[52,51701,100],{"class":66},[52,51703,174],{"class":84},[52,51705,67],{"class":66},[52,51707,8045],{"class":70},[52,51709,100],{"class":66},[52,51711,11636],{"class":84},[52,51713,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,51715,11620],{"class":66},[52,51717,9419],{"class":70},[52,51719,100],{"class":66},[52,51721,174],{"class":84},[52,51723,31068],{"class":608},[52,51725,11636],{"class":84},[52,51727,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51729,11620],{"class":66},[52,51731,20017],{"class":70},[52,51733,100],{"class":66},[52,51735,174],{"class":84},[52,51737,67],{"class":66},[52,51739,22371],{"class":70},[52,51741,74],{"class":66},[52,51743,51744],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,51745,9429],{"class":84},[52,51747,51748],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,51749,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,51751,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,51753,81],{"class":80},[52,51755,85],{"class":84},[52,51757,11284],{"class":80},[52,51759,85],{"class":84},[52,51761,13750],{"class":88},[52,51763,5485],{"class":84},[52,51765,50894],{"class":1479},[20,51767,51768,51769,51771],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51770,42486],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51773,51774,51775,51777],{},"For sets, ",[15,51776,42486],{}," counts unique items:",[43,51779,51781],{"className":45,"code":51780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51782,51783,51811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51784,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51786,3739],{"class":58},[52,51788,63],{"class":62},[52,51790,10612],{"class":84},[52,51792,3106],{"class":608},[52,51794,318],{"class":84},[52,51796,3111],{"class":608},[52,51798,318],{"class":84},[52,51800,609],{"class":608},[52,51802,318],{"class":84},[52,51804,609],{"class":608},[52,51806,318],{"class":84},[52,51808,3111],{"class":608},[52,51810,9429],{"class":84},[52,51812,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51814,81],{"class":80},[52,51816,85],{"class":84},[52,51818,11284],{"class":80},[52,51820,85],{"class":84},[52,51822,3771],{"class":88},[52,51824,5485],{"class":84},[52,51826,50894],{"class":1479},[20,51828,51829],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51831,51832],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[43,51834,51836],{"className":45,"code":51835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51837,51838,51846,51850,51868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51839,51840,51842,51844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51841,9286],{"class":58},[52,51843,63],{"class":62},[52,51845,9959],{"class":84},[52,51847,51848],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51849,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,51851,51852,51854,51856,51858,51860,51862,51864,51866],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,51853,733],{"class":761},[52,51855,38512],{"class":80},[52,51857,85],{"class":84},[52,51859,9325],{"class":88},[52,51861,3784],{"class":84},[52,51863,6531],{"class":62},[52,51865,683],{"class":608},[52,51867,804],{"class":84},[52,51869,51870,51872,51874,51876,51879,51881],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51871,784],{"class":80},[52,51873,85],{"class":84},[52,51875,100],{"class":66},[52,51877,51878],{"class":70},"The dictionary is empty",[52,51880,100],{"class":66},[52,51882,329],{"class":84},[38,51884,41172],{"id":41171},[20,51886,51887,51888,92],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51889,42486],{},[412,51891,51893],{"id":51892},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[43,51895,51897],{"className":45,"code":51896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51898,51899,51907,51911,51929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51900,51901,51903,51905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51902,7903],{"class":58},[52,51904,63],{"class":62},[52,51906,7963],{"class":84},[52,51908,51909],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51910,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,51912,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51923,51925,51927],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,51914,733],{"class":761},[52,51916,38512],{"class":80},[52,51918,85],{"class":84},[52,51920,7934],{"class":88},[52,51922,3784],{"class":84},[52,51924,6531],{"class":62},[52,51926,683],{"class":608},[52,51928,804],{"class":84},[52,51930,51931,51933,51935,51937,51940,51942],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,51932,784],{"class":80},[52,51934,85],{"class":84},[52,51936,100],{"class":66},[52,51938,51939],{"class":70},"The list is empty",[52,51941,100],{"class":66},[52,51943,329],{"class":84},[412,51945,51947],{"id":51946},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[43,51949,51951],{"className":45,"code":51950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51952,51953,51972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51954,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51968,51970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51956,6277],{"class":58},[52,51958,63],{"class":62},[52,51960,8366],{"class":80},[52,51962,85],{"class":84},[52,51964,100],{"class":66},[52,51966,51967],{"class":70},"Enter a word: ",[52,51969,100],{"class":66},[52,51971,329],{"class":84},[52,51973,51974,51976,51978,51980,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,51975,81],{"class":80},[52,51977,85],{"class":84},[52,51979,100],{"class":66},[52,51981,51982],{"class":70},"Number of characters:",[52,51984,100],{"class":66},[52,51986,318],{"class":84},[52,51988,38512],{"class":80},[52,51990,85],{"class":84},[52,51992,38517],{"class":88},[52,51994,108],{"class":84},[412,51996,51998],{"id":51997},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[43,52000,52002],{"className":45,"code":52001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52003,52004,52018,52022,52040,52055,52061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52005,52006,52009,52011,52013,52016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52007,52008],{"class":58},"password ",[52,52010,63],{"class":62},[52,52012,67],{"class":66},[52,52014,52015],{"class":70},"secret123",[52,52017,74],{"class":66},[52,52019,52020],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52021,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,52023,52024,52026,52028,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,52025,733],{"class":761},[52,52027,38512],{"class":80},[52,52029,85],{"class":84},[52,52031,17746],{"class":88},[52,52033,3784],{"class":84},[52,52035,51411],{"class":62},[52,52037,6483],{"class":608},[52,52039,804],{"class":84},[52,52041,52042,52044,52046,52048,52051,52053],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,52043,784],{"class":80},[52,52045,85],{"class":84},[52,52047,100],{"class":66},[52,52049,52050],{"class":70},"Password length is valid",[52,52052,100],{"class":66},[52,52054,329],{"class":84},[52,52056,52057,52059],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,52058,801],{"class":761},[52,52060,804],{"class":84},[52,52062,52063,52065,52067,52069,52072,52074],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,52064,784],{"class":80},[52,52066,85],{"class":84},[52,52068,100],{"class":66},[52,52070,52071],{"class":70},"Password is too short",[52,52073,100],{"class":66},[52,52075,329],{"class":84},[412,52077,52079],{"id":52078},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[43,52081,52083],{"className":45,"code":52082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52084,52085,52121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52086,52087,52090,52092,52094,52096,52099,52101,52103,52105,52108,52110,52112,52114,52117,52119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52088,52089],{"class":58},"results ",[52,52091,63],{"class":62},[52,52093,3744],{"class":84},[52,52095,100],{"class":66},[52,52097,52098],{"class":70},"item1",[52,52100,100],{"class":66},[52,52102,318],{"class":84},[52,52104,67],{"class":66},[52,52106,52107],{"class":70},"item2",[52,52109,100],{"class":66},[52,52111,318],{"class":84},[52,52113,67],{"class":66},[52,52115,52116],{"class":70},"item3",[52,52118,100],{"class":66},[52,52120,3757],{"class":84},[52,52122,52123,52125,52127,52129,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140,52143],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52124,81],{"class":80},[52,52126,85],{"class":84},[52,52128,100],{"class":66},[52,52130,52131],{"class":70},"Items found:",[52,52133,100],{"class":66},[52,52135,318],{"class":84},[52,52137,38512],{"class":80},[52,52139,85],{"class":84},[52,52141,52142],{"class":88},"results",[52,52144,108],{"class":84},[20,52146,52147],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[38,52149,52151],{"id":52150},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52153,52154,52156],{},[15,52155,42486],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52158,52159,52160,174],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52161,3124],{},[176,52163,52164,52167,52170],{},[179,52165,52166],{},"plain integers",[179,52168,52169],{},"floats",[179,52171,52172],{},[15,52173,3901],{},[20,52175,197],{},[43,52177,52179],{"className":45,"code":52178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52180,52181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52182,52183,52185,52187,52189,52191,52193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52184,81],{"class":80},[52,52186,85],{"class":84},[52,52188,11284],{"class":80},[52,52190,85],{"class":84},[52,52192,2252],{"class":608},[52,52194,108],{"class":84},[20,52196,52197,52198,52200],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52199,2252],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52202,1342],{},[43,52204,52206],{"className":45,"code":52205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52207,52208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52209,52210,52212,52214,52216,52218,52220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52211,81],{"class":80},[52,52213,85],{"class":84},[52,52215,11284],{"class":80},[52,52217,85],{"class":84},[52,52219,40269],{"class":608},[52,52221,108],{"class":84},[20,52223,52224,52225,174],{},"And with ",[15,52226,3901],{},[43,52228,52230],{"className":45,"code":52229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52231,52232,52240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52233,52234,52236,52238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52235,2565],{"class":58},[52,52237,63],{"class":62},[52,52239,48651],{"class":145},[52,52241,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250,52252],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52243,81],{"class":80},[52,52245,85],{"class":84},[52,52247,11284],{"class":80},[52,52249,85],{"class":84},[52,52251,2591],{"class":88},[52,52253,108],{"class":84},[20,52255,52256,52257,92],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[289,52258,52260],{"href":52259},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[38,52262,52264],{"id":52263},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52266,52267,52268,52270],{},"Before using ",[15,52269,42486],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52272,52273],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[43,52275,52277],{"className":45,"code":52276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52278,52279,52287,52291,52301,52315,52333,52351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52280,52281,52283,52285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52282,2565],{"class":58},[52,52284,63],{"class":62},[52,52286,48651],{"class":145},[52,52288,52289],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52290,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,52292,52293,52295,52297,52299],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,52294,81],{"class":80},[52,52296,85],{"class":84},[52,52298,2591],{"class":88},[52,52300,329],{"class":84},[52,52302,52303,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,52304,81],{"class":80},[52,52306,85],{"class":84},[52,52308,1930],{"class":1929},[52,52310,85],{"class":84},[52,52312,2591],{"class":88},[52,52314,108],{"class":84},[52,52316,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,52318,81],{"class":80},[52,52320,85],{"class":84},[52,52322,48999],{"class":80},[52,52324,85],{"class":84},[52,52326,2591],{"class":88},[52,52328,318],{"class":84},[52,52330,49028],{"class":1929},[52,52332,108],{"class":84},[52,52334,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,52336,81],{"class":80},[52,52338,85],{"class":84},[52,52340,48999],{"class":80},[52,52342,85],{"class":84},[52,52344,2591],{"class":88},[52,52346,318],{"class":84},[52,52348,22686],{"class":1929},[52,52350,108],{"class":84},[52,52352,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,52354,81],{"class":80},[52,52356,85],{"class":84},[52,52358,48999],{"class":80},[52,52360,85],{"class":84},[52,52362,2591],{"class":88},[52,52364,318],{"class":84},[52,52366,9291],{"class":1929},[52,52368,108],{"class":84},[20,52370,52371],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52373,52374],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[43,52376,52378],{"className":45,"code":52377,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52379,52380,52392,52396,52410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52381,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52383,2565],{"class":58},[52,52385,63],{"class":62},[52,52387,67],{"class":66},[52,52389,266],{"class":70},[52,52391,74],{"class":66},[52,52393,52394],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52395,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,52397,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,52399,733],{"class":761},[52,52401,21710],{"class":58},[52,52403,835],{"class":62},[52,52405,8223],{"class":62},[52,52407,3974],{"class":145},[52,52409,804],{"class":84},[52,52411,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,52413,784],{"class":80},[52,52415,85],{"class":84},[52,52417,11284],{"class":80},[52,52419,85],{"class":84},[52,52421,2591],{"class":88},[52,52423,108],{"class":84},[20,52425,52426,52427,92],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[289,52428,8565],{"href":2416},[38,52430,1445],{"id":1444},[20,52432,23221,52433,174],{},[15,52434,42486],{},[176,52436,52437,52445,52453,52461,52467],{},[179,52438,1828,52439,52441,52442],{},[15,52440,42486],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52443,52444],{},"len(5)",[179,52446,1828,52447,52449,52450],{},[15,52448,42486],{}," on a float like ",[15,52451,52452],{},"len(3.14)",[179,52454,1828,52455,52457,52458,52460],{},[15,52456,42486],{}," on ",[15,52459,3901],{}," after a function returns nothing",[179,52462,4700,52463,52466],{},[15,52464,52465],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[179,52468,52469],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52471,52472],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[43,52474,52476],{"className":45,"code":52475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52477,52478,52514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52479,52480,52482,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52481,13328],{"class":58},[52,52483,63],{"class":62},[52,52485,10612],{"class":84},[52,52487,100],{"class":66},[52,52489,459],{"class":70},[52,52491,100],{"class":66},[52,52493,174],{"class":84},[52,52495,67],{"class":66},[52,52497,13003],{"class":70},[52,52499,100],{"class":66},[52,52501,318],{"class":84},[52,52503,67],{"class":66},[52,52505,9419],{"class":70},[52,52507,100],{"class":66},[52,52509,174],{"class":84},[52,52511,7914],{"class":608},[52,52513,9429],{"class":84},[52,52515,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52517,81],{"class":80},[52,52519,85],{"class":84},[52,52521,11284],{"class":80},[52,52523,85],{"class":84},[52,52525,17433],{"class":88},[52,52527,5485],{"class":84},[52,52529,51538],{"class":1479},[20,52531,37720,52532,52534,52535,342,52537,92],{},[15,52533,2172],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52536,15364],{},[15,52538,52539],{},"\"age\"",[20,52541,52542],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[43,52544,52546],{"className":45,"code":52545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52547,52548,52561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52549,52550,52552,52554,52556,52559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52551,207],{"class":58},[52,52553,63],{"class":62},[52,52555,67],{"class":66},[52,52557,52558],{"class":70},"a b",[52,52560,74],{"class":66},[52,52562,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52564,81],{"class":80},[52,52566,85],{"class":84},[52,52568,11284],{"class":80},[52,52570,85],{"class":84},[52,52572,231],{"class":88},[52,52574,5485],{"class":84},[52,52576,50894],{"class":1479},[20,52578,52579],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[38,52581,1940],{"id":1939},[412,52583,52585],{"id":52584},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52587,52588],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[412,52590,52592],{"id":52591},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52594,52595],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[412,52597,52599],{"id":52598},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52601,52602],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[412,52604,52606],{"id":52605},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52608,52609,52610,52612,52613,32,52615,52617,52618,92],{},"No. Using ",[15,52611,42486],{}," on an ",[15,52614,2304],{},[15,52616,2308],{}," raises a ",[15,52619,3124],{},[412,52621,52623],{"id":52622},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52625,7886,52626,92],{},[15,52627,52628],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52630,197],{},[43,52632,52634],{"className":45,"code":52633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52635,52636,52644,52648,52666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52637,52638,52640,52642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52639,8432],{"class":58},[52,52641,63],{"class":62},[52,52643,7963],{"class":84},[52,52645,52646],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52647,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,52649,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,52651,733],{"class":761},[52,52653,38512],{"class":80},[52,52655,85],{"class":84},[52,52657,8463],{"class":88},[52,52659,3784],{"class":84},[52,52661,6531],{"class":62},[52,52663,683],{"class":608},[52,52665,804],{"class":84},[52,52667,52668,52670,52672,52674,52677,52679],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,52669,784],{"class":80},[52,52671,85],{"class":84},[52,52673,100],{"class":66},[52,52675,52676],{"class":70},"Empty list",[52,52678,100],{"class":66},[52,52680,329],{"class":84},[20,52682,52683,52684,52686,52687,52689,52690,52692],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52685,35],{}," in an ",[15,52688,733],{}," statement, but ",[15,52691,42486],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[38,52694,2005],{"id":2004},[176,52696,52697,52701,52705,52709,52714,52718,52724],{},[179,52698,52699],{},[289,52700,51099],{"href":291},[179,52702,52703],{},[289,52704,51103],{"href":51102},[179,52706,52707],{},[289,52708,9276],{"href":9275},[179,52710,52711],{},[289,52712,52713],{"href":51669},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[179,52715,52716],{},[289,52717,8565],{"href":2416},[179,52719,52720],{},[289,52721,52723],{"href":52722},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[179,52725,52726],{},[289,52727,52728],{"href":52259},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2035,52730,52731],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":52733},[52734,52735,52736,52737,52738,52739,52740,52746,52747,52748,52749,52756],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":50902,"depth":77,"text":50903},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":51246,"depth":77,"text":51247},{"id":51433,"depth":77,"text":51434},{"id":51673,"depth":77,"text":51674},{"id":41171,"depth":77,"text":41172,"children":52741},[52742,52743,52744,52745],{"id":51892,"depth":111,"text":51893},{"id":51946,"depth":111,"text":51947},{"id":51997,"depth":111,"text":51998},{"id":52078,"depth":111,"text":52079},{"id":52150,"depth":77,"text":52151},{"id":52263,"depth":77,"text":52264},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":52750},[52751,52752,52753,52754,52755],{"id":52584,"depth":111,"text":52585},{"id":52591,"depth":111,"text":52592},{"id":52598,"depth":111,"text":52599},{"id":52605,"depth":111,"text":52606},{"id":52622,"depth":111,"text":52623},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50785,"description":52757},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52764,"title":52765,"body":52766,"description":54450,"extension":2078,"meta":54451,"navigation":221,"path":54452,"seo":54453,"stem":54454,"__hash__":54455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52767,"toc":54423},[52768,52771,52784,52790,52792,52846,52851,52855,52871,52874,52888,52894,52896,52899,52918,52934,52936,53012,53014,53051,53062,53064,53067,53128,53130,53163,53166,53172,53176,53179,53304,53306,53365,53373,53426,53428,53455,53461,53471,53475,53478,53483,53535,53537,53563,53569,53623,53625,53650,53653,53677,53683,53685,53689,53691,53748,53750,53758,53760,53782,53784,53837,53839,53863,53867,53869,53908,53910,53918,53924,53928,53980,53982,54008,54016,54020,54025,54034,54036,54102,54104,54136,54140,54145,54147,54161,54164,54237,54239,54265,54267,54271,54278,54282,54289,54293,54296,54298,54351,54353,54379,54383,54392,54394,54420],[10,52769,52765],{"id":52770},"python-list-append-method",[20,52772,2095,52773,52776,52777,52780,52781,52783],{},[15,52774,52775],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3865,52778,52779],{},"one item"," to the ",[3865,52782,345],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52785,52786,52787,52789],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3865,52788,4752],{}," create a new list.",[38,52791,3729],{"id":3728},[43,52793,52795],{"className":45,"code":52794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52796,52797,52817,52831,52841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52798,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52800,3739],{"class":58},[52,52802,63],{"class":62},[52,52804,3744],{"class":84},[52,52806,3106],{"class":608},[52,52808,318],{"class":84},[52,52810,3111],{"class":608},[52,52812,318],{"class":84},[52,52814,609],{"class":608},[52,52816,3757],{"class":84},[52,52818,52819,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52820,3771],{"class":58},[52,52822,92],{"class":84},[52,52824,13677],{"class":88},[52,52826,85],{"class":84},[52,52828,2623],{"class":608},[52,52830,329],{"class":84},[52,52832,52833,52835,52837,52839],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,52834,81],{"class":80},[52,52836,85],{"class":84},[52,52838,3771],{"class":88},[52,52840,329],{"class":84},[52,52842,52843],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,52844,52845],{"class":1479},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52847,154,52848,52850],{},[15,52849,52775],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[38,52852,52854],{"id":52853},"what-append-does","What append() does",[176,52856,52857,52862,52865,52868],{},[179,52858,52859,52861],{},[15,52860,52775],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[179,52863,52864],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[179,52866,52867],{},"It does not create a new list",[179,52869,52870],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52872,52873],{},"This means you can append:",[176,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886],{},[179,52877,3771],{},[179,52879,5432],{},[179,52881,40720],{},[179,52883,5423],{},[179,52885,7374],{},[179,52887,34788],{},[20,52889,52890,52891,92],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[289,52892,52893],{"href":51102},"Python lists explained for beginners",[38,52895,5554],{"id":5553},[20,52897,52898],{},"Basic form:",[43,52900,52902],{"className":45,"code":52901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52903,52904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52905,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52907,8463],{"class":58},[52,52909,92],{"class":84},[52,52911,13677],{"class":88},[52,52913,85],{"class":84},[52,52915,23437],{"class":88},[52,52917,329],{"class":84},[176,52919,52920,52925,52930],{},[179,52921,52922,52924],{},[15,52923,8463],{}," is the list you want to change",[179,52926,52927,52929],{},[15,52928,23437],{}," is the value or object to add",[179,52931,12034,52932],{},[15,52933,3901],{},[20,52935,197],{},[43,52937,52939],{"className":45,"code":52938,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52940,52941,52965,52988,52992,53002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52942,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52944,36364],{"class":58},[52,52946,63],{"class":62},[52,52948,3744],{"class":84},[52,52950,100],{"class":66},[52,52952,4199],{"class":70},[52,52954,100],{"class":66},[52,52956,318],{"class":84},[52,52958,67],{"class":66},[52,52960,4208],{"class":70},[52,52962,100],{"class":66},[52,52964,3757],{"class":84},[52,52966,52967,52969,52971,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,52968,2346],{"class":58},[52,52970,63],{"class":62},[52,52972,52973],{"class":58}," fruits",[52,52975,92],{"class":84},[52,52977,13677],{"class":88},[52,52979,85],{"class":84},[52,52981,100],{"class":66},[52,52983,33347],{"class":70},[52,52985,100],{"class":66},[52,52987,329],{"class":84},[52,52989,52990],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,52991,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,52993,52994,52996,52998,53000],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,52995,81],{"class":80},[52,52997,85],{"class":84},[52,52999,36416],{"class":88},[52,53001,329],{"class":84},[52,53003,53004,53006,53008,53010],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,53005,81],{"class":80},[52,53007,85],{"class":84},[52,53009,2381],{"class":88},[52,53011,329],{"class":84},[20,53013,135],{},[43,53015,53017],{"className":45,"code":53016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53018,53019,53047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53020,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53022,4021],{"class":84},[52,53024,1888],{"class":66},[52,53026,4199],{"class":70},[52,53028,1888],{"class":66},[52,53030,318],{"class":84},[52,53032,3416],{"class":66},[52,53034,4208],{"class":70},[52,53036,1888],{"class":66},[52,53038,318],{"class":84},[52,53040,3416],{"class":66},[52,53042,33347],{"class":70},[52,53044,1888],{"class":66},[52,53046,3757],{"class":84},[52,53048,53049],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53050,11931],{"class":145},[20,53052,53053,53054,53056,53057,53059,53060,92],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53055,52775],{}," updates ",[15,53058,36416],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53061,3901],{},[38,53063,11597],{"id":11596},[20,53065,53066],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[43,53068,53070],{"className":45,"code":53069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53071,53072,53096,53114,53118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53075,13199],{"class":58},[52,53077,63],{"class":62},[52,53079,3744],{"class":84},[52,53081,100],{"class":66},[52,53083,13216],{"class":70},[52,53085,100],{"class":66},[52,53087,318],{"class":84},[52,53089,67],{"class":66},[52,53091,13233],{"class":70},[52,53093,100],{"class":66},[52,53095,3757],{"class":84},[52,53097,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53099,17627],{"class":58},[52,53101,92],{"class":84},[52,53103,13677],{"class":88},[52,53105,85],{"class":84},[52,53107,100],{"class":66},[52,53109,17580],{"class":70},[52,53111,100],{"class":66},[52,53113,329],{"class":84},[52,53115,53116],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53117,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53119,53120,53122,53124,53126],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53121,81],{"class":80},[52,53123,85],{"class":84},[52,53125,17627],{"class":88},[52,53127,329],{"class":84},[20,53129,135],{},[43,53131,53133],{"className":45,"code":53132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53134,53135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53136,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53138,4021],{"class":84},[52,53140,1888],{"class":66},[52,53142,13216],{"class":70},[52,53144,1888],{"class":66},[52,53146,318],{"class":84},[52,53148,3416],{"class":66},[52,53150,13233],{"class":70},[52,53152,1888],{"class":66},[52,53154,318],{"class":84},[52,53156,3416],{"class":66},[52,53158,17580],{"class":70},[52,53160,1888],{"class":66},[52,53162,3757],{"class":84},[20,53164,53165],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53167,31208,53168,92],{},[289,53169,53171],{"href":53170},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[38,53173,53175],{"id":53174},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53177,53178],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[43,53180,53182],{"className":45,"code":53181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53183,53184,53192,53196,53210,53228,53242,53268,53290,53294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53185,53186,53188,53190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53187,7903],{"class":58},[52,53189,63],{"class":62},[52,53191,7963],{"class":84},[52,53193,53194],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53195,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53197,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53199,7934],{"class":58},[52,53201,92],{"class":84},[52,53203,13677],{"class":88},[52,53205,85],{"class":84},[52,53207,2448],{"class":608},[52,53209,329],{"class":84},[52,53211,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53213,7934],{"class":58},[52,53215,92],{"class":84},[52,53217,13677],{"class":88},[52,53219,85],{"class":84},[52,53221,100],{"class":66},[52,53223,266],{"class":70},[52,53225,100],{"class":66},[52,53227,329],{"class":84},[52,53229,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,53231,7934],{"class":58},[52,53233,92],{"class":84},[52,53235,13677],{"class":88},[52,53237,85],{"class":84},[52,53239,31],{"class":145},[52,53241,329],{"class":84},[52,53243,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,53245,7934],{"class":58},[52,53247,92],{"class":84},[52,53249,13677],{"class":88},[52,53251,5652],{"class":84},[52,53253,100],{"class":66},[52,53255,459],{"class":70},[52,53257,100],{"class":66},[52,53259,174],{"class":84},[52,53261,67],{"class":66},[52,53263,7800],{"class":70},[52,53265,100],{"class":66},[52,53267,30622],{"class":84},[52,53269,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,53271,7934],{"class":58},[52,53273,92],{"class":84},[52,53275,13677],{"class":88},[52,53277,3103],{"class":84},[52,53279,3106],{"class":608},[52,53281,318],{"class":84},[52,53283,3111],{"class":608},[52,53285,318],{"class":84},[52,53287,609],{"class":608},[52,53289,4009],{"class":84},[52,53291,53292],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,53293,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53295,53296,53298,53300,53302],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,53297,81],{"class":80},[52,53299,85],{"class":84},[52,53301,7934],{"class":88},[52,53303,329],{"class":84},[20,53305,135],{},[43,53307,53309],{"className":45,"code":53308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53310,53311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53312,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53314,4021],{"class":84},[52,53316,2448],{"class":608},[52,53318,318],{"class":84},[52,53320,3416],{"class":66},[52,53322,266],{"class":70},[52,53324,1888],{"class":66},[52,53326,318],{"class":84},[52,53328,4037],{"class":145},[52,53330,318],{"class":84},[52,53332,10612],{"class":84},[52,53334,1888],{"class":66},[52,53336,459],{"class":70},[52,53338,1888],{"class":66},[52,53340,174],{"class":84},[52,53342,3416],{"class":66},[52,53344,7800],{"class":70},[52,53346,1888],{"class":66},[52,53348,53349],{"class":84},"},",[52,53351,3744],{"class":84},[52,53353,3106],{"class":608},[52,53355,318],{"class":84},[52,53357,3111],{"class":608},[52,53359,318],{"class":84},[52,53361,609],{"class":608},[52,53363,53364],{"class":84},"]]\n",[20,53366,53367,53368,42280,53370,92],{},"A list added with ",[15,53369,52775],{},[3865,53371,53372],{},"one single item",[43,53374,53376],{"className":45,"code":53375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53377,53378,53394,53412,53416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53379,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53381,3739],{"class":58},[52,53383,63],{"class":62},[52,53385,3744],{"class":84},[52,53387,3106],{"class":608},[52,53389,318],{"class":84},[52,53391,3111],{"class":608},[52,53393,3757],{"class":84},[52,53395,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53397,3771],{"class":58},[52,53399,92],{"class":84},[52,53401,13677],{"class":88},[52,53403,3103],{"class":84},[52,53405,627],{"class":608},[52,53407,318],{"class":84},[52,53409,2575],{"class":608},[52,53411,4009],{"class":84},[52,53413,53414],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53415,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53417,53418,53420,53422,53424],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53419,81],{"class":80},[52,53421,85],{"class":84},[52,53423,3771],{"class":88},[52,53425,329],{"class":84},[20,53427,135],{},[43,53429,53431],{"className":45,"code":53430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53432,53433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53434,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53436,4021],{"class":84},[52,53438,3106],{"class":608},[52,53440,318],{"class":84},[52,53442,3111],{"class":608},[52,53444,318],{"class":84},[52,53446,3744],{"class":84},[52,53448,627],{"class":608},[52,53450,318],{"class":84},[52,53452,2575],{"class":608},[52,53454,53364],{"class":84},[20,53456,2403,53457,53460],{},[15,53458,53459],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53462,53463,53464,53470],{},"This is different from ",[289,53465,53467],{"href":53466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53468,53469],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[38,53472,53474],{"id":53473},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53476,53477],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[412,53479,1828,53481],{"id":53480},"using-append",[15,53482,52775],{},[43,53484,53485],{"className":45,"code":53375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53486,53487,53503,53521,53525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53488,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53490,3739],{"class":58},[52,53492,63],{"class":62},[52,53494,3744],{"class":84},[52,53496,3106],{"class":608},[52,53498,318],{"class":84},[52,53500,3111],{"class":608},[52,53502,3757],{"class":84},[52,53504,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53506,3771],{"class":58},[52,53508,92],{"class":84},[52,53510,13677],{"class":88},[52,53512,3103],{"class":84},[52,53514,627],{"class":608},[52,53516,318],{"class":84},[52,53518,2575],{"class":608},[52,53520,4009],{"class":84},[52,53522,53523],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53524,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53526,53527,53529,53531,53533],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53528,81],{"class":80},[52,53530,85],{"class":84},[52,53532,3771],{"class":88},[52,53534,329],{"class":84},[20,53536,135],{},[43,53538,53539],{"className":45,"code":53430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53540,53541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53542,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557,53559,53561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53544,4021],{"class":84},[52,53546,3106],{"class":608},[52,53548,318],{"class":84},[52,53550,3111],{"class":608},[52,53552,318],{"class":84},[52,53554,3744],{"class":84},[52,53556,627],{"class":608},[52,53558,318],{"class":84},[52,53560,2575],{"class":608},[52,53562,53364],{"class":84},[412,53564,1828,53566],{"id":53565},"using-extend",[15,53567,53568],{},"extend()",[43,53570,53572],{"className":45,"code":53571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53573,53574,53590,53609,53613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53575,53576,53578,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53577,3739],{"class":58},[52,53579,63],{"class":62},[52,53581,3744],{"class":84},[52,53583,3106],{"class":608},[52,53585,318],{"class":84},[52,53587,3111],{"class":608},[52,53589,3757],{"class":84},[52,53591,53592,53594,53596,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53593,3771],{"class":58},[52,53595,92],{"class":84},[52,53597,53598],{"class":88},"extend",[52,53600,3103],{"class":84},[52,53602,627],{"class":608},[52,53604,318],{"class":84},[52,53606,2575],{"class":608},[52,53608,4009],{"class":84},[52,53610,53611],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53612,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53614,53615,53617,53619,53621],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53616,81],{"class":80},[52,53618,85],{"class":84},[52,53620,3771],{"class":88},[52,53622,329],{"class":84},[20,53624,135],{},[43,53626,53628],{"className":45,"code":53627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53629,53630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53631,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53633,4021],{"class":84},[52,53635,3106],{"class":608},[52,53637,318],{"class":84},[52,53639,3111],{"class":608},[52,53641,318],{"class":84},[52,53643,609],{"class":608},[52,53645,318],{"class":84},[52,53647,2575],{"class":608},[52,53649,3757],{"class":84},[20,53651,53652],{},"The difference:",[176,53654,53655,53661,53667,53672],{},[179,53656,53657,53660],{},[15,53658,53659],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[179,53662,53663,53666],{},[15,53664,53665],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[179,53668,154,53669,53671],{},[15,53670,52775],{}," for one item",[179,53673,154,53674,53676],{},[15,53675,53568],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53678,53679,53680,92],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[289,53681,53682],{"href":53466},"Python list extend() method",[38,53684,4640],{"id":4639},[412,53686,53688],{"id":53687},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53690,25816],{},[43,53692,53694],{"className":45,"code":53693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53695,53696,53716,53734,53738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53697,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53699,7903],{"class":58},[52,53701,63],{"class":62},[52,53703,3744],{"class":84},[52,53705,3106],{"class":608},[52,53707,318],{"class":84},[52,53709,3111],{"class":608},[52,53711,318],{"class":84},[52,53713,609],{"class":608},[52,53715,3757],{"class":84},[52,53717,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53719,7903],{"class":58},[52,53721,63],{"class":62},[52,53723,6089],{"class":58},[52,53725,92],{"class":84},[52,53727,13677],{"class":88},[52,53729,85],{"class":84},[52,53731,2623],{"class":608},[52,53733,329],{"class":84},[52,53735,53736],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53737,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53739,53740,53742,53744,53746],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53741,81],{"class":80},[52,53743,85],{"class":84},[52,53745,7934],{"class":88},[52,53747,329],{"class":84},[20,53749,135],{},[43,53751,53752],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53753,53754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53755,53756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53757,11931],{"class":145},[20,53759,12023],{},[176,53761,53762,53767,53773],{},[179,53763,53764,53766],{},[15,53765,52775],{}," changes the list in place",[179,53768,53769,2515,53771],{},[15,53770,52775],{},[15,53772,3901],{},[179,53774,53775,53776,53779,53780],{},"So ",[15,53777,53778],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53781,3901],{},[20,53783,10929],{},[43,53785,53787],{"className":45,"code":53786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53788,53789,53809,53823,53827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53790,53791,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53792,7903],{"class":58},[52,53794,63],{"class":62},[52,53796,3744],{"class":84},[52,53798,3106],{"class":608},[52,53800,318],{"class":84},[52,53802,3111],{"class":608},[52,53804,318],{"class":84},[52,53806,609],{"class":608},[52,53808,3757],{"class":84},[52,53810,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53812,7934],{"class":58},[52,53814,92],{"class":84},[52,53816,13677],{"class":88},[52,53818,85],{"class":84},[52,53820,2623],{"class":608},[52,53822,329],{"class":84},[52,53824,53825],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53826,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53828,53829,53831,53833,53835],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53830,81],{"class":80},[52,53832,85],{"class":84},[52,53834,7934],{"class":88},[52,53836,329],{"class":84},[20,53838,135],{},[43,53840,53841],{"className":45,"code":53627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53842,53843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53844,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53846,4021],{"class":84},[52,53848,3106],{"class":608},[52,53850,318],{"class":84},[52,53852,3111],{"class":608},[52,53854,318],{"class":84},[52,53856,609],{"class":608},[52,53858,318],{"class":84},[52,53860,2575],{"class":608},[52,53862,3757],{"class":84},[412,53864,53866],{"id":53865},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53868,19039],{},[43,53870,53872],{"className":45,"code":53871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53873,53874,53898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53875,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53877,32008],{"class":58},[52,53879,63],{"class":62},[52,53881,3744],{"class":84},[52,53883,3106],{"class":608},[52,53885,318],{"class":84},[52,53887,3111],{"class":608},[52,53889,13674],{"class":84},[52,53891,13677],{"class":88},[52,53893,85],{"class":84},[52,53895,627],{"class":608},[52,53897,329],{"class":84},[52,53899,53900,53902,53904,53906],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53901,81],{"class":80},[52,53903,85],{"class":84},[52,53905,32027],{"class":88},[52,53907,329],{"class":84},[20,53909,135],{},[43,53911,53912],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53913,53914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53915,53916],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53917,11931],{"class":145},[20,53919,53920,53921,53923],{},"Remember: ",[15,53922,52775],{}," updates the list you already have.",[412,53925,53927],{"id":53926},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[43,53929,53930],{"className":45,"code":53375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53931,53932,53948,53966,53970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53933,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53935,3739],{"class":58},[52,53937,63],{"class":62},[52,53939,3744],{"class":84},[52,53941,3106],{"class":608},[52,53943,318],{"class":84},[52,53945,3111],{"class":608},[52,53947,3757],{"class":84},[52,53949,53950,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,53951,3771],{"class":58},[52,53953,92],{"class":84},[52,53955,13677],{"class":88},[52,53957,3103],{"class":84},[52,53959,627],{"class":608},[52,53961,318],{"class":84},[52,53963,2575],{"class":608},[52,53965,4009],{"class":84},[52,53967,53968],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,53969,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,53971,53972,53974,53976,53978],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,53973,81],{"class":80},[52,53975,85],{"class":84},[52,53977,3771],{"class":88},[52,53979,329],{"class":84},[20,53981,135],{},[43,53983,53984],{"className":45,"code":53430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53985,53986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53987,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53989,4021],{"class":84},[52,53991,3106],{"class":608},[52,53993,318],{"class":84},[52,53995,3111],{"class":608},[52,53997,318],{"class":84},[52,53999,3744],{"class":84},[52,54001,627],{"class":608},[52,54003,318],{"class":84},[52,54005,2575],{"class":608},[52,54007,53364],{"class":84},[20,54009,3289,54010,54013,54014,6755],{},[15,54011,54012],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54015,53568],{},[412,54017,54019],{"id":54018},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54021,54022,54024],{},[15,54023,52775],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54026,54027,54028,92],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[289,54029,54031],{"href":54030},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54032,54033],{},"list.insert()",[20,54035,197],{},[43,54037,54039],{"className":45,"code":54038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54040,54041,54065,54088,54092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54042,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54044,36215],{"class":58},[52,54046,63],{"class":62},[52,54048,3744],{"class":84},[52,54050,100],{"class":66},[52,54052,289],{"class":70},[52,54054,100],{"class":66},[52,54056,318],{"class":84},[52,54058,67],{"class":66},[52,54060,9860],{"class":70},[52,54062,100],{"class":66},[52,54064,3757],{"class":84},[52,54066,54067,54069,54071,54074,54076,54078,54080,54082,54084,54086],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54068,36268],{"class":58},[52,54070,92],{"class":84},[52,54072,54073],{"class":88},"insert",[52,54075,85],{"class":84},[52,54077,3106],{"class":608},[52,54079,318],{"class":84},[52,54081,67],{"class":66},[52,54083,4883],{"class":70},[52,54085,100],{"class":66},[52,54087,329],{"class":84},[52,54089,54090],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54091,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54093,54094,54096,54098,54100],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,54095,81],{"class":80},[52,54097,85],{"class":84},[52,54099,36268],{"class":88},[52,54101,329],{"class":84},[20,54103,135],{},[43,54105,54106],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54107,54108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54109,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54111,4021],{"class":84},[52,54113,1888],{"class":66},[52,54115,289],{"class":70},[52,54117,1888],{"class":66},[52,54119,318],{"class":84},[52,54121,3416],{"class":66},[52,54123,4883],{"class":70},[52,54125,1888],{"class":66},[52,54127,318],{"class":84},[52,54129,3416],{"class":66},[52,54131,9860],{"class":70},[52,54133,1888],{"class":66},[52,54135,3757],{"class":84},[38,54137,54139],{"id":54138},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54141,54142,54144],{},[15,54143,52775],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54146,36551],{},[176,54148,54149,54152,54155,54158],{},[179,54150,54151],{},"building a list in a loop",[179,54153,54154],{},"collecting user input",[179,54156,54157],{},"storing results step by step",[179,54159,54160],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54162,54163],{},"Example with a loop:",[43,54165,54167],{"className":45,"code":54166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54168,54169,54178,54182,54203,54222,54226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54170,54171,54174,54176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54172,54173],{"class":58},"squares ",[52,54175,63],{"class":62},[52,54177,7963],{"class":84},[52,54179,54180],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54181,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54183,54184,54186,54188,54190,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54185,6081],{"class":761},[52,54187,6510],{"class":58},[52,54189,1638],{"class":761},[52,54191,54192],{"class":80}," range",[52,54194,85],{"class":84},[52,54196,3106],{"class":608},[52,54198,318],{"class":84},[52,54200,4726],{"class":608},[52,54202,779],{"class":84},[52,54204,54205,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,54206,54207],{"class":58},"    squares",[52,54209,92],{"class":84},[52,54211,13677],{"class":88},[52,54213,85],{"class":84},[52,54215,2333],{"class":88},[52,54217,39998],{"class":62},[52,54219,2313],{"class":88},[52,54221,329],{"class":84},[52,54223,54224],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,54225,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54227,54228,54230,54232,54235],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,54229,81],{"class":80},[52,54231,85],{"class":84},[52,54233,54234],{"class":88},"squares",[52,54236,329],{"class":84},[20,54238,135],{},[43,54240,54242],{"className":45,"code":54241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54243,54244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54245,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254,54256,54259,54261,54263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54247,4021],{"class":84},[52,54249,3106],{"class":608},[52,54251,318],{"class":84},[52,54253,2575],{"class":608},[52,54255,318],{"class":84},[52,54257,54258],{"class":608}," 9",[52,54260,318],{"class":84},[52,54262,14112],{"class":608},[52,54264,3757],{"class":84},[38,54266,1940],{"id":1939},[412,54268,54270],{"id":54269},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54272,46488,54273,54275,54276,92],{},[15,54274,52775],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54277,3901],{},[412,54279,54281],{"id":54280},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54283,54284,54285,92],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[289,54286,54287],{"href":53466},[15,54288,53568],{},[412,54290,54292],{"id":54291},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54294,54295],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54297,197],{},[43,54299,54301],{"className":45,"code":54300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54302,54303,54319,54337,54341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54304,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54306,9286],{"class":58},[52,54308,63],{"class":62},[52,54310,3744],{"class":84},[52,54312,3106],{"class":608},[52,54314,318],{"class":84},[52,54316,3111],{"class":608},[52,54318,3757],{"class":84},[52,54320,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54322,9325],{"class":58},[52,54324,92],{"class":84},[52,54326,13677],{"class":88},[52,54328,3103],{"class":84},[52,54330,627],{"class":608},[52,54332,318],{"class":84},[52,54334,2575],{"class":608},[52,54336,4009],{"class":84},[52,54338,54339],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54340,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54342,54343,54345,54347,54349],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,54344,81],{"class":80},[52,54346,85],{"class":84},[52,54348,9325],{"class":88},[52,54350,329],{"class":84},[20,54352,135],{},[43,54354,54355],{"className":45,"code":53430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54356,54357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54358,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54360,4021],{"class":84},[52,54362,3106],{"class":608},[52,54364,318],{"class":84},[52,54366,3111],{"class":608},[52,54368,318],{"class":84},[52,54370,3744],{"class":84},[52,54372,627],{"class":608},[52,54374,318],{"class":84},[52,54376,2575],{"class":608},[52,54378,53364],{"class":84},[412,54380,54382],{"id":54381},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54384,54385,54387,54388,54391],{},[15,54386,52775],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54389,54390],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[38,54393,2005],{"id":2004},[176,54395,54396,54401,54405,54410,54414],{},[179,54397,54398],{},[289,54399,54400],{"href":53170},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[179,54402,54403],{},[289,54404,53682],{"href":53466},[179,54406,54407],{},[289,54408,54409],{"href":54030},"Python list insert() method",[179,54411,54412],{},[289,54413,52893],{"href":51102},[179,54415,54416],{},[289,54417,54419],{"href":54418},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2035,54421,54422],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":54424},[54425,54426,54427,54428,54429,54430,54436,54442,54443,54449],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":52853,"depth":77,"text":52854},{"id":5553,"depth":77,"text":5554},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":53174,"depth":77,"text":53175},{"id":53473,"depth":77,"text":53474,"children":54431},[54432,54434],{"id":53480,"depth":111,"text":54433},"Using append()",{"id":53565,"depth":111,"text":54435},"Using extend()",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":54437},[54438,54439,54440,54441],{"id":53687,"depth":111,"text":53688},{"id":53865,"depth":111,"text":53866},{"id":53926,"depth":111,"text":53927},{"id":54018,"depth":111,"text":54019},{"id":54138,"depth":77,"text":54139},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":54444},[54445,54446,54447,54448],{"id":54269,"depth":111,"text":54270},{"id":54280,"depth":111,"text":54281},{"id":54291,"depth":111,"text":54292},{"id":54381,"depth":111,"text":54382},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52765,"description":54450},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54457,"title":54458,"body":54459,"description":55703,"extension":2078,"meta":55704,"navigation":221,"path":55705,"seo":55706,"stem":55707,"__hash__":55708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54460,"toc":55668},[54461,54467,54473,54479,54481,54529,54534,54539,54543,54559,54565,54567,54570,54585,54587,54598,54600,54602,54659,54661,54669,54671,54687,54693,54695,54701,54705,54789,54792,54841,54848,54856,54859,54873,54886,54892,54967,54974,54981,55055,55063,55066,55077,55086,55090,55094,55105,55107,55184,55205,55207,55217,55220,55268,55270,55291,55294,55296,55347,55353,55360,55427,55433,55439,55442,55469,55474,55480,55483,55555,55558,55569,55575,55577,55583,55586,55592,55598,55605,55613,55619,55625,55627,55665],[10,54462,54464,54465,18],{"id":54463},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54466,11444],{},[20,54468,54469,54472],{},[15,54470,54471],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54474,54475,54476,54478],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3865,54477,11456],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[38,54480,3729],{"id":3728},[43,54482,54484],{"className":45,"code":54483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54485,54486,54506,54516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54487,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54489,7903],{"class":58},[52,54491,63],{"class":62},[52,54493,3744],{"class":84},[52,54495,3106],{"class":608},[52,54497,318],{"class":84},[52,54499,3111],{"class":608},[52,54501,318],{"class":84},[52,54503,609],{"class":608},[52,54505,3757],{"class":84},[52,54507,54508,54510,54512,54514],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54509,7934],{"class":58},[52,54511,92],{"class":84},[52,54513,11505],{"class":88},[52,54515,8763],{"class":84},[52,54517,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54519,81],{"class":80},[52,54521,85],{"class":84},[52,54523,7934],{"class":88},[52,54525,3784],{"class":84},[52,54527,54528],{"class":1479},"  # []\n",[20,54530,154,54531,54533],{},[15,54532,11444],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[38,54535,166,54537,169],{"id":54536},"what-listclear-does",[15,54538,54471],{},[20,54540,54541,174],{},[15,54542,54471],{},[176,54544,54545,54548,54551,54556],{},[179,54546,54547],{},"Removes every item from a list",[179,54549,54550],{},"Changes the original list in place",[179,54552,54553,54554],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54555,3910],{},[179,54557,54558],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54560,54561,54562,54564],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54563,11444],{},", but it contains no values.",[38,54566,296],{"id":295},[20,54568,54569],{},"Syntax:",[43,54571,54573],{"className":45,"code":54572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54574,54575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54576,54577,54579,54581,54583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54578,8463],{"class":58},[52,54580,92],{"class":84},[52,54582,11505],{"class":88},[52,54584,8763],{"class":84},[20,54586,11580],{},[176,54588,54589,54592,54595],{},[179,54590,54591],{},"Call it on a list object",[179,54593,54594],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[179,54596,54597],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[38,54599,11597],{"id":11596},[20,54601,11600],{},[43,54603,54605],{"className":45,"code":54604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54606,54607,54631,54635,54645,54649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623,54625,54627,54629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54610,3739],{"class":58},[52,54612,63],{"class":62},[52,54614,3744],{"class":84},[52,54616,2448],{"class":608},[52,54618,318],{"class":84},[52,54620,7914],{"class":608},[52,54622,318],{"class":84},[52,54624,7919],{"class":608},[52,54626,318],{"class":84},[52,54628,50967],{"class":608},[52,54630,3757],{"class":84},[52,54632,54633],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54634,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54636,54637,54639,54641,54643],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54638,3771],{"class":58},[52,54640,92],{"class":84},[52,54642,11505],{"class":88},[52,54644,8763],{"class":84},[52,54646,54647],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,54648,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54650,54651,54653,54655,54657],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,54652,81],{"class":80},[52,54654,85],{"class":84},[52,54656,3771],{"class":88},[52,54658,329],{"class":84},[20,54660,135],{},[43,54662,54663],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54664,54665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54666,54667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54668,38423],{"class":84},[20,54670,11806],{},[176,54672,54673,54678,54684],{},[179,54674,54675,54677],{},[15,54676,3771],{}," starts with four items",[179,54679,54680,54683],{},[15,54681,54682],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[179,54685,54686],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54688,54689,54690,92],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[289,54691,52893],{"href":54692},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[38,54694,710],{"id":709},[20,54696,54697,2515,54699,92],{},[15,54698,11444],{},[15,54700,3901],{},[20,54702,41032,54703,52789],{},[3865,54704,4752],{},[43,54706,54708],{"className":45,"code":54707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54709,54710,54742,54746,54760,54764,54777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54711,54712,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54713,7903],{"class":58},[52,54715,63],{"class":62},[52,54717,3744],{"class":84},[52,54719,100],{"class":66},[52,54721,289],{"class":70},[52,54723,100],{"class":66},[52,54725,318],{"class":84},[52,54727,67],{"class":66},[52,54729,4883],{"class":70},[52,54731,100],{"class":66},[52,54733,318],{"class":84},[52,54735,67],{"class":66},[52,54737,9860],{"class":70},[52,54739,100],{"class":66},[52,54741,3757],{"class":84},[52,54743,54744],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54745,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54747,54748,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54749,2346],{"class":58},[52,54751,63],{"class":62},[52,54753,6089],{"class":58},[52,54755,92],{"class":84},[52,54757,11505],{"class":88},[52,54759,8763],{"class":84},[52,54761,54762],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,54763,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54765,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,54767,81],{"class":80},[52,54769,85],{"class":84},[52,54771,7934],{"class":88},[52,54773,3784],{"class":84},[52,54775,54776],{"class":1479},"   # []\n",[52,54778,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,54780,81],{"class":80},[52,54782,85],{"class":84},[52,54784,2381],{"class":88},[52,54786,3784],{"class":84},[52,54788,21002],{"class":1479},[20,54790,54791],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[43,54793,54795],{"className":45,"code":54794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54796,54797,54817,54831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54798,54799,54801,54803,54805,54807,54809,54811,54813,54815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54800,7903],{"class":58},[52,54802,63],{"class":62},[52,54804,3744],{"class":84},[52,54806,3106],{"class":608},[52,54808,318],{"class":84},[52,54810,3111],{"class":608},[52,54812,318],{"class":84},[52,54814,609],{"class":608},[52,54816,3757],{"class":84},[52,54818,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827,54829],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54820,7903],{"class":58},[52,54822,63],{"class":62},[52,54824,6089],{"class":58},[52,54826,92],{"class":84},[52,54828,11505],{"class":88},[52,54830,8763],{"class":84},[52,54832,54833,54835,54837,54839],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54834,81],{"class":80},[52,54836,85],{"class":84},[52,54838,7934],{"class":88},[52,54840,329],{"class":84},[20,54842,12039,54843,42280,54845,54847],{},[15,54844,7934],{},[15,54846,3901],{},", not an empty list.",[38,54849,54851,54853,54854],{"id":54850},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54852,11444],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54855,3910],{},[20,54857,54858],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[43,54860,54861],{"className":45,"code":54572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54862,54863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54864,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54866,8463],{"class":58},[52,54868,92],{"class":84},[52,54870,11505],{"class":88},[52,54872,8763],{"class":84},[43,54874,54876],{"className":45,"code":54875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n",[15,54877,54878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54879,54880,54882,54884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54881,8432],{"class":58},[52,54883,63],{"class":62},[52,54885,7963],{"class":84},[412,54887,54889,54891],{"id":54888},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54890,11444],{}," empties the same list object",[43,54893,54895],{"className":45,"code":54894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54896,54897,54917,54925,54929,54939,54943,54955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54898,54899,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54900,2673],{"class":58},[52,54902,63],{"class":62},[52,54904,3744],{"class":84},[52,54906,3106],{"class":608},[52,54908,318],{"class":84},[52,54910,3111],{"class":608},[52,54912,318],{"class":84},[52,54914,609],{"class":608},[52,54916,3757],{"class":84},[52,54918,54919,54921,54923],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,54920,2701],{"class":58},[52,54922,63],{"class":62},[52,54924,36300],{"class":58},[52,54926,54927],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,54928,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54930,54931,54933,54935,54937],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,54932,289],{"class":58},[52,54934,92],{"class":84},[52,54936,11505],{"class":88},[52,54938,8763],{"class":84},[52,54940,54941],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,54942,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,54944,54945,54947,54949,54951,54953],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,54946,81],{"class":80},[52,54948,85],{"class":84},[52,54950,289],{"class":88},[52,54952,3784],{"class":84},[52,54954,54528],{"class":1479},[52,54956,54957,54959,54961,54963,54965],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,54958,81],{"class":80},[52,54960,85],{"class":84},[52,54962,4883],{"class":88},[52,54964,3784],{"class":84},[52,54966,54528],{"class":1479},[20,54968,10712,54969,342,54971,54973],{},[15,54970,289],{},[15,54972,4883],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[412,54975,54977,54980],{"id":54976},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54978,54979],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[43,54982,54984],{"className":45,"code":54983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54985,54986,55006,55014,55018,55026,55030,55042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54987,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54989,2673],{"class":58},[52,54991,63],{"class":62},[52,54993,3744],{"class":84},[52,54995,3106],{"class":608},[52,54997,318],{"class":84},[52,54999,3111],{"class":608},[52,55001,318],{"class":84},[52,55003,609],{"class":608},[52,55005,3757],{"class":84},[52,55007,55008,55010,55012],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55009,2701],{"class":58},[52,55011,63],{"class":62},[52,55013,36300],{"class":58},[52,55015,55016],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55017,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55019,55020,55022,55024],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55021,2673],{"class":58},[52,55023,63],{"class":62},[52,55025,7963],{"class":84},[52,55027,55028],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,55029,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55031,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,55033,81],{"class":80},[52,55035,85],{"class":84},[52,55037,289],{"class":88},[52,55039,3784],{"class":84},[52,55041,54528],{"class":1479},[52,55043,55044,55046,55048,55050,55052],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,55045,81],{"class":80},[52,55047,85],{"class":84},[52,55049,4883],{"class":88},[52,55051,3784],{"class":84},[52,55053,55054],{"class":1479},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55056,20897,55057,55059,55060,55062],{},[15,55058,289],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55061,4883],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55064,55065],{},"This difference matters when:",[176,55067,55068,55071,55074],{},[179,55069,55070],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[179,55072,55073],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[179,55075,55076],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55078,55079,55080,92],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[289,55081,55083,55084,1441],{"href":55082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55085,12899],{},[38,55087,5084,55088],{"id":12560},[15,55089,11444],{},[20,55091,154,55092,6441],{},[15,55093,11444],{},[176,55095,55096,55099,55102],{},[179,55097,55098],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[179,55100,55101],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[179,55103,55104],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55106,197],{},[43,55108,55110],{"className":45,"code":55109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55111,55112,55148,55152,55157,55168,55172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55113,55114,55117,55119,55121,55123,55126,55128,55130,55132,55135,55137,55139,55141,55144,55146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55115,55116],{"class":58},"shopping_cart ",[52,55118,63],{"class":62},[52,55120,3744],{"class":84},[52,55122,100],{"class":66},[52,55124,55125],{"class":70},"milk",[52,55127,100],{"class":66},[52,55129,318],{"class":84},[52,55131,67],{"class":66},[52,55133,55134],{"class":70},"bread",[52,55136,100],{"class":66},[52,55138,318],{"class":84},[52,55140,67],{"class":66},[52,55142,55143],{"class":70},"eggs",[52,55145,100],{"class":66},[52,55147,3757],{"class":84},[52,55149,55150],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55151,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55153,55154],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55155,55156],{"class":1479},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[52,55158,55159,55162,55164,55166],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55160,55161],{"class":58},"shopping_cart",[52,55163,92],{"class":84},[52,55165,11505],{"class":88},[52,55167,8763],{"class":84},[52,55169,55170],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,55171,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55173,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,55175,81],{"class":80},[52,55177,85],{"class":84},[52,55179,55161],{"class":88},[52,55181,3784],{"class":84},[52,55183,54528],{"class":1479},[20,55185,55186,55187,55191,55192,55198,55199,92],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[289,55188,55190],{"href":55189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[289,55193,55195,1441],{"href":55194},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55196,55197],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[289,55200,55202,1441],{"href":55201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55203,55204],{},"list.pop()",[38,55206,4640],{"id":4639},[412,55208,55210,55211,11214,55214],{"id":55209},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55212,55213],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55215,55216],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55218,55219],{},"This does not call the method.",[43,55221,55223],{"className":45,"code":55222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55224,55225,55245,55249,55258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55226,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55228,7903],{"class":58},[52,55230,63],{"class":62},[52,55232,3744],{"class":84},[52,55234,3106],{"class":608},[52,55236,318],{"class":84},[52,55238,3111],{"class":608},[52,55240,318],{"class":84},[52,55242,609],{"class":608},[52,55244,3757],{"class":84},[52,55246,55247],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55248,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55250,55251,55253,55255],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55252,7934],{"class":58},[52,55254,92],{"class":84},[52,55256,55257],{"class":1803},"clear\n",[52,55259,55260,55262,55264,55266],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55261,81],{"class":80},[52,55263,85],{"class":84},[52,55265,7934],{"class":88},[52,55267,329],{"class":84},[20,55269,135],{},[43,55271,55273],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55274,55275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55276,55277,55279,55281,55283,55285,55287,55289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55278,4021],{"class":84},[52,55280,3106],{"class":608},[52,55282,318],{"class":84},[52,55284,3111],{"class":608},[52,55286,318],{"class":84},[52,55288,609],{"class":608},[52,55290,3757],{"class":84},[20,55292,55293],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55295,10929],{},[43,55297,55299],{"className":45,"code":55298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55300,55301,55321,55325,55335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55302,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55304,7903],{"class":58},[52,55306,63],{"class":62},[52,55308,3744],{"class":84},[52,55310,3106],{"class":608},[52,55312,318],{"class":84},[52,55314,3111],{"class":608},[52,55316,318],{"class":84},[52,55318,609],{"class":608},[52,55320,3757],{"class":84},[52,55322,55323],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55324,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55326,55327,55329,55331,55333],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55328,7934],{"class":58},[52,55330,92],{"class":84},[52,55332,11505],{"class":88},[52,55334,8763],{"class":84},[52,55336,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55338,81],{"class":80},[52,55340,85],{"class":84},[52,55342,7934],{"class":88},[52,55344,3784],{"class":84},[52,55346,54528],{"class":1479},[412,55348,1725,55350,55352],{"id":55349},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55351,11444],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55354,55355,2515,55357,55359],{},[15,55356,11444],{},[15,55358,3901],{},", not the list.",[43,55361,55363],{"className":45,"code":55362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55364,55365,55385,55399,55403,55415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55366,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379,55381,55383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55368,7903],{"class":58},[52,55370,63],{"class":62},[52,55372,3744],{"class":84},[52,55374,3106],{"class":608},[52,55376,318],{"class":84},[52,55378,3111],{"class":608},[52,55380,318],{"class":84},[52,55382,609],{"class":608},[52,55384,3757],{"class":84},[52,55386,55387,55389,55391,55393,55395,55397],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55388,2346],{"class":58},[52,55390,63],{"class":62},[52,55392,6089],{"class":58},[52,55394,92],{"class":84},[52,55396,11505],{"class":88},[52,55398,8763],{"class":84},[52,55400,55401],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55402,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55404,55405,55407,55409,55411,55413],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55406,81],{"class":80},[52,55408,85],{"class":84},[52,55410,2381],{"class":88},[52,55412,3784],{"class":84},[52,55414,21002],{"class":1479},[52,55416,55417,55419,55421,55423,55425],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,55418,81],{"class":80},[52,55420,85],{"class":84},[52,55422,7934],{"class":88},[52,55424,3784],{"class":84},[52,55426,54776],{"class":1479},[412,55428,1828,55430,55432],{"id":55429},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55431,11444],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55434,55435,55436,55438],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55437,11444],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55440,55441],{},"This will fail:",[43,55443,55445],{"className":45,"code":55444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55446,55447,55459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55448,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55450,207],{"class":58},[52,55452,63],{"class":62},[52,55454,67],{"class":66},[52,55456,266],{"class":70},[52,55458,74],{"class":66},[52,55460,55461,55463,55465,55467],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55462,231],{"class":58},[52,55464,92],{"class":84},[52,55466,11505],{"class":88},[52,55468,8763],{"class":84},[20,55470,55471,55472,33727],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55473,11444],{},[20,55475,55476,55477,55479],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55478,3901],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55481,55482],{},"Useful checks:",[43,55484,55486],{"className":45,"code":55485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55487,55488,55498,55512,55526,55535,55545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55489,55490,55492,55494,55496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55491,81],{"class":80},[52,55493,85],{"class":84},[52,55495,8463],{"class":88},[52,55497,329],{"class":84},[52,55499,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55501,81],{"class":80},[52,55503,85],{"class":84},[52,55505,1930],{"class":1929},[52,55507,85],{"class":84},[52,55509,8463],{"class":88},[52,55511,108],{"class":84},[52,55513,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55515,81],{"class":80},[52,55517,85],{"class":84},[52,55519,12772],{"class":80},[52,55521,85],{"class":84},[52,55523,8463],{"class":88},[52,55525,108],{"class":84},[52,55527,55528,55530,55532],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55529,43674],{"class":58},[52,55531,63],{"class":62},[52,55533,55534],{"class":58}," my_list\n",[52,55536,55537,55539,55541,55543],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,55538,8463],{"class":58},[52,55540,92],{"class":84},[52,55542,11505],{"class":88},[52,55544,8763],{"class":84},[52,55546,55547,55549,55551,55553],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,55548,81],{"class":80},[52,55550,85],{"class":84},[52,55552,30869],{"class":88},[52,55554,329],{"class":84},[20,55556,55557],{},"These can help you see:",[176,55559,55560,55563,55566],{},[179,55561,55562],{},"What the variable currently contains",[179,55564,55565],{},"Whether it is really a list",[179,55567,55568],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55570,55571,55572,92],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[289,55573,55574],{"href":54418},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[38,55576,1940],{"id":1939},[412,55578,1944,55580,55582],{"id":55579},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55581,54471],{}," delete the list?",[20,55584,55585],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[412,55587,1944,55589,55591],{"id":55588},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55590,54471],{}," return a new list?",[20,55593,55594,55595,55597],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55596,3901],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[412,55599,1987,55601,342,55603,1993],{"id":55600},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55602,11444],{},[15,55604,54979],{},[20,55606,55607,55609,55610,55612],{},[15,55608,11444],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55611,54979],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[412,55614,28454,55616,55618],{"id":55615},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55617,11444],{}," on other types?",[20,55620,55621,55622,55624],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55623,11444],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[38,55626,2005],{"id":2004},[176,55628,55629,55633,55638,55645,55652,55658],{},[179,55630,55631],{},[289,55632,52893],{"href":54692},[179,55634,55635],{},[289,55636,55637],{"href":55189},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[179,55639,55640],{},[289,55641,55642,55643,1441],{"href":55201},"Python list ",[15,55644,12885],{},[179,55646,55647],{},[289,55648,55642,55649,1441],{"href":55194},[15,55650,55651],{},"remove()",[179,55653,55654],{},[289,55655,55642,55656,1441],{"href":55082},[15,55657,12899],{},[179,55659,55660],{},[289,55661,30473,55662,33760],{"href":54418},[15,55663,55664],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2035,55666,55667],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":55669},[55670,55671,55673,55674,55675,55676,55683,55684,55692,55702],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":54536,"depth":77,"text":55672},"What list.clear() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":54850,"depth":77,"text":55677,"children":55678},"clear() vs assigning []",[55679,55681],{"id":54888,"depth":111,"text":55680},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54976,"depth":111,"text":55682},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12560,"depth":77,"text":12931},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":55685},[55686,55688,55690],{"id":55209,"depth":111,"text":55687},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55349,"depth":111,"text":55689},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55429,"depth":111,"text":55691},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":55693},[55694,55696,55698,55700],{"id":55579,"depth":111,"text":55695},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55588,"depth":111,"text":55697},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55600,"depth":111,"text":55699},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55615,"depth":111,"text":55701},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54458,"description":55703},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55710,"title":55711,"body":55712,"description":57397,"extension":2078,"meta":57398,"navigation":221,"path":57399,"seo":57400,"stem":57401,"__hash__":57402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55713,"toc":57365},[55714,55719,55725,55733,55735,55824,55831,55836,55840,55854,55856,55933,55935,55996,55999,56001,56003,56024,56027,56041,56044,56089,56091,56099,56102,56108,56114,56117,56194,56196,56241,56244,56249,56332,56334,56375,56380,56384,56390,56392,56400,56403,56496,56498,56556,56559,56575,56580,56590,56595,56597,56602,56607,56610,56612,56669,56672,56725,56731,56736,56740,56757,56759,56843,56845,56886,56894,56896,56901,56907,56909,56972,56977,57047,57051,57086,57089,57091,57130,57134,57210,57216,57222,57227,57249,57252,57271,57279,57281,57287,57290,57297,57305,57310,57313,57317,57323,57331,57334,57336,57362],[10,55715,54464,55717,18],{"id":55716},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55718,12899],{},[20,55720,55721,55724],{},[15,55722,55723],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55726,55727,55728,14178,55730,55732],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55729,63],{},[3865,55731,4752],{}," make a real copy.",[38,55734,41],{"id":40},[43,55736,55738],{"className":45,"code":55737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55739,55740,55760,55775,55779,55794,55798,55811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55741,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55743,3739],{"class":58},[52,55745,63],{"class":62},[52,55747,3744],{"class":84},[52,55749,3106],{"class":608},[52,55751,318],{"class":84},[52,55753,3111],{"class":608},[52,55755,318],{"class":84},[52,55757,609],{"class":608},[52,55759,3757],{"class":84},[52,55761,55762,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55763,55764],{"class":58},"new_numbers ",[52,55766,63],{"class":62},[52,55768,4384],{"class":58},[52,55770,92],{"class":84},[52,55772,13034],{"class":88},[52,55774,8763],{"class":84},[52,55776,55777],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55778,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55780,55781,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55782,55783],{"class":58},"new_numbers",[52,55785,92],{"class":84},[52,55787,13677],{"class":88},[52,55789,85],{"class":84},[52,55791,2623],{"class":608},[52,55793,329],{"class":84},[52,55795,55796],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,55797,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55799,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,55801,81],{"class":80},[52,55803,85],{"class":84},[52,55805,3771],{"class":88},[52,55807,3784],{"class":84},[52,55809,55810],{"class":1479},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,55812,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,55814,81],{"class":80},[52,55816,85],{"class":84},[52,55818,55783],{"class":88},[52,55820,3784],{"class":84},[52,55822,55823],{"class":1479},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55825,154,55826,55828,55829,92],{},[15,55827,55723],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3865,55830,12973],{},[38,55832,166,55834,169],{"id":55833},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55835,55723],{},[20,55837,55838,174],{},[15,55839,55723],{},[176,55841,55842,55845,55848,55851],{},[179,55843,55844],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[179,55846,55847],{},"Returns that new list",[179,55849,55850],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[179,55852,55853],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55855,197],{},[43,55857,55859],{"className":45,"code":55858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55860,55861,55893,55908,55912,55922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55862,55863,55865,55867,55869,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889,55891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55864,36364],{"class":58},[52,55866,63],{"class":62},[52,55868,3744],{"class":84},[52,55870,100],{"class":66},[52,55872,4199],{"class":70},[52,55874,100],{"class":66},[52,55876,318],{"class":84},[52,55878,67],{"class":66},[52,55880,4208],{"class":70},[52,55882,100],{"class":66},[52,55884,318],{"class":84},[52,55886,67],{"class":66},[52,55888,33347],{"class":70},[52,55890,100],{"class":66},[52,55892,3757],{"class":84},[52,55894,55895,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55896,55897],{"class":58},"copied_fruits ",[52,55899,63],{"class":62},[52,55901,52973],{"class":58},[52,55903,92],{"class":84},[52,55905,13034],{"class":88},[52,55907,8763],{"class":84},[52,55909,55910],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,55911,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,55913,55914,55916,55918,55920],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,55915,81],{"class":80},[52,55917,85],{"class":84},[52,55919,36416],{"class":88},[52,55921,329],{"class":84},[52,55923,55924,55926,55928,55931],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,55925,81],{"class":80},[52,55927,85],{"class":84},[52,55929,55930],{"class":88},"copied_fruits",[52,55932,329],{"class":84},[20,55934,135],{},[43,55936,55938],{"className":45,"code":55937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55939,55940,55968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55941,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55943,4021],{"class":84},[52,55945,1888],{"class":66},[52,55947,4199],{"class":70},[52,55949,1888],{"class":66},[52,55951,318],{"class":84},[52,55953,3416],{"class":66},[52,55955,4208],{"class":70},[52,55957,1888],{"class":66},[52,55959,318],{"class":84},[52,55961,3416],{"class":66},[52,55963,33347],{"class":70},[52,55965,1888],{"class":66},[52,55967,3757],{"class":84},[52,55969,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,55971,4021],{"class":84},[52,55973,1888],{"class":66},[52,55975,4199],{"class":70},[52,55977,1888],{"class":66},[52,55979,318],{"class":84},[52,55981,3416],{"class":66},[52,55983,4208],{"class":70},[52,55985,1888],{"class":66},[52,55987,318],{"class":84},[52,55989,3416],{"class":66},[52,55991,33347],{"class":70},[52,55993,1888],{"class":66},[52,55995,3757],{"class":84},[20,55997,55998],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[38,56000,296],{"id":295},[20,56002,2275],{},[43,56004,56006],{"className":45,"code":56005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56007,56008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56009,56010,56013,56015,56018,56020,56022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56011,56012],{"class":58},"new_list ",[52,56014,63],{"class":62},[52,56016,56017],{"class":58}," old_list",[52,56019,92],{"class":84},[52,56021,13034],{"class":88},[52,56023,8763],{"class":84},[20,56025,56026],{},"How it works:",[176,56028,56029,56035,56038],{},[179,56030,56031,56032,56034],{},"Call ",[15,56033,12899],{}," on an existing list",[179,56036,56037],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[179,56039,56040],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56042,56043],{},"Example with an empty list:",[43,56045,56047],{"className":45,"code":56046,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56048,56049,56058,56074,56078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56050,56051,56054,56056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56052,56053],{"class":58},"empty_list ",[52,56055,63],{"class":62},[52,56057,7963],{"class":84},[52,56059,56060,56063,56065,56068,56070,56072],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56061,56062],{"class":58},"new_empty_list ",[52,56064,63],{"class":62},[52,56066,56067],{"class":58}," empty_list",[52,56069,92],{"class":84},[52,56071,13034],{"class":88},[52,56073,8763],{"class":84},[52,56075,56076],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56077,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56079,56080,56082,56084,56087],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56081,81],{"class":80},[52,56083,85],{"class":84},[52,56085,56086],{"class":88},"new_empty_list",[52,56088,329],{"class":84},[20,56090,135],{},[43,56092,56093],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,56094,56095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56096,56097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56098,38423],{"class":84},[20,56100,56101],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[38,56103,56105,56106],{"id":56104},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56107,63],{},[20,56109,1828,56110,14178,56112,52789],{},[15,56111,63],{},[3865,56113,4752],{},[20,56115,56116],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[43,56118,56120],{"className":45,"code":56119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56121,56122,56142,56151,56155,56170,56174,56184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56125,3739],{"class":58},[52,56127,63],{"class":62},[52,56129,3744],{"class":84},[52,56131,3106],{"class":608},[52,56133,318],{"class":84},[52,56135,3111],{"class":608},[52,56137,318],{"class":84},[52,56139,609],{"class":608},[52,56141,3757],{"class":84},[52,56143,56144,56147,56149],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56145,56146],{"class":58},"same_list ",[52,56148,63],{"class":62},[52,56150,44107],{"class":58},[52,56152,56153],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56154,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56156,56157,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56158,56159],{"class":58},"same_list",[52,56161,92],{"class":84},[52,56163,13677],{"class":88},[52,56165,85],{"class":84},[52,56167,2623],{"class":608},[52,56169,329],{"class":84},[52,56171,56172],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,56173,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56175,56176,56178,56180,56182],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,56177,81],{"class":80},[52,56179,85],{"class":84},[52,56181,3771],{"class":88},[52,56183,329],{"class":84},[52,56185,56186,56188,56190,56192],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,56187,81],{"class":80},[52,56189,85],{"class":84},[52,56191,56159],{"class":88},[52,56193,329],{"class":84},[20,56195,135],{},[43,56197,56199],{"className":45,"code":56198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56200,56201,56221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56202,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56204,4021],{"class":84},[52,56206,3106],{"class":608},[52,56208,318],{"class":84},[52,56210,3111],{"class":608},[52,56212,318],{"class":84},[52,56214,609],{"class":608},[52,56216,318],{"class":84},[52,56218,2575],{"class":608},[52,56220,3757],{"class":84},[52,56222,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56224,4021],{"class":84},[52,56226,3106],{"class":608},[52,56228,318],{"class":84},[52,56230,3111],{"class":608},[52,56232,318],{"class":84},[52,56234,609],{"class":608},[52,56236,318],{"class":84},[52,56238,2575],{"class":608},[52,56240,3757],{"class":84},[20,56242,56243],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56245,56246,56247,174],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56248,12899],{},[43,56250,56252],{"className":45,"code":56251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56253,56254,56274,56289,56293,56308,56312,56322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56255,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270,56272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56257,3739],{"class":58},[52,56259,63],{"class":62},[52,56261,3744],{"class":84},[52,56263,3106],{"class":608},[52,56265,318],{"class":84},[52,56267,3111],{"class":608},[52,56269,318],{"class":84},[52,56271,609],{"class":608},[52,56273,3757],{"class":84},[52,56275,56276,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56277,56278],{"class":58},"copied_numbers ",[52,56280,63],{"class":62},[52,56282,4384],{"class":58},[52,56284,92],{"class":84},[52,56286,13034],{"class":88},[52,56288,8763],{"class":84},[52,56290,56291],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56292,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56294,56295,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56296,56297],{"class":58},"copied_numbers",[52,56299,92],{"class":84},[52,56301,13677],{"class":88},[52,56303,85],{"class":84},[52,56305,2623],{"class":608},[52,56307,329],{"class":84},[52,56309,56310],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,56311,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56313,56314,56316,56318,56320],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,56315,81],{"class":80},[52,56317,85],{"class":84},[52,56319,3771],{"class":88},[52,56321,329],{"class":84},[52,56323,56324,56326,56328,56330],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,56325,81],{"class":80},[52,56327,85],{"class":84},[52,56329,56297],{"class":88},[52,56331,329],{"class":84},[20,56333,135],{},[43,56335,56337],{"className":45,"code":56336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56338,56339,56355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56340,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56342,4021],{"class":84},[52,56344,3106],{"class":608},[52,56346,318],{"class":84},[52,56348,3111],{"class":608},[52,56350,318],{"class":84},[52,56352,609],{"class":608},[52,56354,3757],{"class":84},[52,56356,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56358,4021],{"class":84},[52,56360,3106],{"class":608},[52,56362,318],{"class":84},[52,56364,3111],{"class":608},[52,56366,318],{"class":84},[52,56368,609],{"class":608},[52,56370,318],{"class":84},[52,56372,2575],{"class":608},[52,56374,3757],{"class":84},[20,56376,56377,56378,92],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[289,56379,52893],{"href":51102},[38,56381,56383],{"id":56382},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56385,56386,12970,56388,92],{},[15,56387,55723],{},[3865,56389,12973],{},[20,56391,2222],{},[176,56393,56394,56397],{},[179,56395,56396],{},"The outer list is new",[179,56398,56399],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56401,56402],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[43,56404,56406],{"className":45,"code":56405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56407,56408,56435,56449,56453,56472,56476,56486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56409,56410,56412,56414,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56411,12209],{"class":58},[52,56413,63],{"class":62},[52,56415,56416],{"class":84}," [[",[52,56418,3106],{"class":608},[52,56420,318],{"class":84},[52,56422,3111],{"class":608},[52,56424,18187],{"class":84},[52,56426,3744],{"class":84},[52,56428,627],{"class":608},[52,56430,318],{"class":84},[52,56432,2575],{"class":608},[52,56434,53364],{"class":84},[52,56436,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56438,14436],{"class":58},[52,56440,63],{"class":62},[52,56442,12284],{"class":58},[52,56444,92],{"class":84},[52,56446,13034],{"class":88},[52,56448,8763],{"class":84},[52,56450,56451],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56452,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56454,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56470],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56456,14455],{"class":58},[52,56458,4021],{"class":84},[52,56460,2235],{"class":608},[52,56462,13674],{"class":84},[52,56464,13677],{"class":88},[52,56466,85],{"class":84},[52,56468,56469],{"class":608},"99",[52,56471,329],{"class":84},[52,56473,56474],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,56475,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56477,56478,56480,56482,56484],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,56479,81],{"class":80},[52,56481,85],{"class":84},[52,56483,12256],{"class":88},[52,56485,329],{"class":84},[52,56487,56488,56490,56492,56494],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,56489,81],{"class":80},[52,56491,85],{"class":84},[52,56493,14455],{"class":88},[52,56495,329],{"class":84},[20,56497,135],{},[43,56499,56501],{"className":45,"code":56500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56502,56503,56530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56504,56505,56508,56510,56512,56514,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56506,56507],{"class":84},"[[",[52,56509,3106],{"class":608},[52,56511,318],{"class":84},[52,56513,3111],{"class":608},[52,56515,318],{"class":84},[52,56517,10318],{"class":608},[52,56519,18187],{"class":84},[52,56521,3744],{"class":84},[52,56523,627],{"class":608},[52,56525,318],{"class":84},[52,56527,2575],{"class":608},[52,56529,53364],{"class":84},[52,56531,56532,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56533,56507],{"class":84},[52,56535,3106],{"class":608},[52,56537,318],{"class":84},[52,56539,3111],{"class":608},[52,56541,318],{"class":84},[52,56543,10318],{"class":608},[52,56545,18187],{"class":84},[52,56547,3744],{"class":84},[52,56549,627],{"class":608},[52,56551,318],{"class":84},[52,56553,2575],{"class":608},[52,56555,53364],{"class":84},[20,56557,56558],{},"Why did both change?",[176,56560,56561,56568],{},[179,56562,56563,342,56565,56567],{},[15,56564,12256],{},[15,56566,14455],{}," are different outer lists",[179,56569,56570,56571,56574],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56572,56573],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56576,53775,56577,56579],{},[15,56578,12899],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[176,56581,56582,56585,56588],{},[179,56583,56584],{},"Numbers",[179,56586,56587],{},"Strings",[179,56589,40721],{},[20,56591,56592,56593,92],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[289,56594,13915],{"href":13914},[38,56596,710],{"id":709},[20,56598,56599,56601],{},[15,56600,55723],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56603,41032,56604,56606],{},[3865,56605,4752],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56608,56609],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56611,16781],{},[43,56613,56615],{"className":45,"code":56614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56616,56617,56641,56655,56659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56618,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56620,13199],{"class":58},[52,56622,63],{"class":62},[52,56624,3744],{"class":84},[52,56626,100],{"class":66},[52,56628,13216],{"class":70},[52,56630,100],{"class":66},[52,56632,318],{"class":84},[52,56634,67],{"class":66},[52,56636,13233],{"class":70},[52,56638,100],{"class":66},[52,56640,3757],{"class":84},[52,56642,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56644,13242],{"class":58},[52,56646,63],{"class":62},[52,56648,13247],{"class":58},[52,56650,92],{"class":84},[52,56652,13034],{"class":88},[52,56654,8763],{"class":84},[52,56656,56657],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56658,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56660,56661,56663,56665,56667],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56662,81],{"class":80},[52,56664,85],{"class":84},[52,56666,13266],{"class":88},[52,56668,329],{"class":84},[20,56670,56671],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[43,56673,56675],{"className":45,"code":56674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56676,56677,56701,56711,56715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56678,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56680,13199],{"class":58},[52,56682,63],{"class":62},[52,56684,3744],{"class":84},[52,56686,100],{"class":66},[52,56688,13216],{"class":70},[52,56690,100],{"class":66},[52,56692,318],{"class":84},[52,56694,67],{"class":66},[52,56696,13233],{"class":70},[52,56698,100],{"class":66},[52,56700,3757],{"class":84},[52,56702,56703,56705,56707,56709],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56704,17627],{"class":58},[52,56706,92],{"class":84},[52,56708,13034],{"class":88},[52,56710,8763],{"class":84},[52,56712,56713],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56714,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56716,56717,56719,56721,56723],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56718,81],{"class":80},[52,56720,85],{"class":84},[52,56722,17627],{"class":88},[52,56724,329],{"class":84},[20,56726,56727,56728,56730],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56729,12899],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[38,56732,5084,56734],{"id":56733},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56735,55723],{},[20,56737,154,56738,10723],{},[15,56739,55723],{},[176,56741,56742,56745,56748,56751],{},[179,56743,56744],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[179,56746,56747],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[179,56749,56750],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[179,56752,56753,56754],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56755,56756],{},"[:]",[20,56758,197],{},[43,56760,56762],{"className":45,"code":56761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56763,56764,56784,56799,56803,56818,56822,56832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56765,56766,56768,56770,56772,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56767,5187],{"class":58},[52,56769,63],{"class":62},[52,56771,3744],{"class":84},[52,56773,2448],{"class":608},[52,56775,318],{"class":84},[52,56777,7914],{"class":608},[52,56779,318],{"class":84},[52,56781,7919],{"class":608},[52,56783,3757],{"class":84},[52,56785,56786,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56787,56788],{"class":58},"backup_scores ",[52,56790,63],{"class":62},[52,56792,5234],{"class":58},[52,56794,92],{"class":84},[52,56796,13034],{"class":88},[52,56798,8763],{"class":84},[52,56800,56801],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56802,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56804,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813,56816],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56806,16514],{"class":58},[52,56808,92],{"class":84},[52,56810,13677],{"class":88},[52,56812,85],{"class":84},[52,56814,56815],{"class":608},"40",[52,56817,329],{"class":84},[52,56819,56820],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,56821,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56823,56824,56826,56828,56830],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,56825,81],{"class":80},[52,56827,85],{"class":84},[52,56829,16514],{"class":88},[52,56831,329],{"class":84},[52,56833,56834,56836,56838,56841],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,56835,81],{"class":80},[52,56837,85],{"class":84},[52,56839,56840],{"class":88},"backup_scores",[52,56842,329],{"class":84},[20,56844,135],{},[43,56846,56848],{"className":45,"code":56847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56849,56850,56870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56851,56852,56854,56856,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56853,4021],{"class":84},[52,56855,2448],{"class":608},[52,56857,318],{"class":84},[52,56859,7914],{"class":608},[52,56861,318],{"class":84},[52,56863,7919],{"class":608},[52,56865,318],{"class":84},[52,56867,50967],{"class":608},[52,56869,3757],{"class":84},[52,56871,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56873,4021],{"class":84},[52,56875,2448],{"class":608},[52,56877,318],{"class":84},[52,56879,7914],{"class":608},[52,56881,318],{"class":84},[52,56883,7919],{"class":608},[52,56885,3757],{"class":84},[20,56887,56888,56889,92],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[289,56890,55642,56892,1441],{"href":56891},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56893,52775],{},[38,56895,4640],{"id":4639},[20,56897,56898,56899,92],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56900,55723],{},[412,56902,1828,56904,56906],{"id":56903},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56905,63],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56908,39325],{},[43,56910,56912],{"className":45,"code":56911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56913,56914,56934,56942,56956,56960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56915,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56917,2673],{"class":58},[52,56919,63],{"class":62},[52,56921,3744],{"class":84},[52,56923,3106],{"class":608},[52,56925,318],{"class":84},[52,56927,3111],{"class":608},[52,56929,318],{"class":84},[52,56931,609],{"class":608},[52,56933,3757],{"class":84},[52,56935,56936,56938,56940],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,56937,2701],{"class":58},[52,56939,63],{"class":62},[52,56941,36300],{"class":58},[52,56943,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,56945,4883],{"class":58},[52,56947,92],{"class":84},[52,56949,13677],{"class":88},[52,56951,85],{"class":84},[52,56953,2623],{"class":608},[52,56955,329],{"class":84},[52,56957,56958],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,56959,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,56961,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,56963,81],{"class":80},[52,56965,85],{"class":84},[52,56967,289],{"class":88},[52,56969,3784],{"class":84},[52,56971,55823],{"class":1479},[20,56973,56974,56975,6755],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56976,12899],{},[43,56978,56980],{"className":45,"code":56979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56981,56982,57002,57017,57031,57035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56983,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56985,2673],{"class":58},[52,56987,63],{"class":62},[52,56989,3744],{"class":84},[52,56991,3106],{"class":608},[52,56993,318],{"class":84},[52,56995,3111],{"class":608},[52,56997,318],{"class":84},[52,56999,609],{"class":608},[52,57001,3757],{"class":84},[52,57003,57004,57006,57008,57011,57013,57015],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57005,2701],{"class":58},[52,57007,63],{"class":62},[52,57009,57010],{"class":58}," a",[52,57012,92],{"class":84},[52,57014,13034],{"class":88},[52,57016,8763],{"class":84},[52,57018,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,57020,4883],{"class":58},[52,57022,92],{"class":84},[52,57024,13677],{"class":88},[52,57026,85],{"class":84},[52,57028,2623],{"class":608},[52,57030,329],{"class":84},[52,57032,57033],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,57034,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,57036,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,57038,81],{"class":80},[52,57040,85],{"class":84},[52,57042,289],{"class":88},[52,57044,3784],{"class":84},[52,57046,55054],{"class":1479},[412,57048,57050],{"id":57049},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[43,57052,57054],{"className":45,"code":57053,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57055,57056,57076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57057,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57059,3739],{"class":58},[52,57061,63],{"class":62},[52,57063,3744],{"class":84},[52,57065,3106],{"class":608},[52,57067,318],{"class":84},[52,57069,3111],{"class":608},[52,57071,318],{"class":84},[52,57073,609],{"class":608},[52,57075,3757],{"class":84},[52,57077,57078,57080,57082,57084],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57079,3771],{"class":58},[52,57081,92],{"class":84},[52,57083,13034],{"class":88},[52,57085,8763],{"class":84},[20,57087,57088],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57090,1586],{},[43,57092,57094],{"className":45,"code":57093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57095,57096,57116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57097,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57099,3739],{"class":58},[52,57101,63],{"class":62},[52,57103,3744],{"class":84},[52,57105,3106],{"class":608},[52,57107,318],{"class":84},[52,57109,3111],{"class":608},[52,57111,318],{"class":84},[52,57113,609],{"class":608},[52,57115,3757],{"class":84},[52,57117,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57119,56278],{"class":58},[52,57121,63],{"class":62},[52,57123,4384],{"class":58},[52,57125,92],{"class":84},[52,57127,13034],{"class":88},[52,57129,8763],{"class":84},[412,57131,57133],{"id":57132},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[43,57135,57137],{"className":45,"code":57136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57138,57139,57157,57171,57175,57193,57197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57140,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57142,2673],{"class":58},[52,57144,63],{"class":62},[52,57146,56416],{"class":84},[52,57148,3106],{"class":608},[52,57150,18187],{"class":84},[52,57152,3744],{"class":84},[52,57154,2172],{"class":608},[52,57156,53364],{"class":84},[52,57158,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57160,2701],{"class":58},[52,57162,63],{"class":62},[52,57164,57010],{"class":58},[52,57166,92],{"class":84},[52,57168,13034],{"class":88},[52,57170,8763],{"class":84},[52,57172,57173],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,57174,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,57176,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,57178,4883],{"class":58},[52,57180,4021],{"class":84},[52,57182,2235],{"class":608},[52,57184,13674],{"class":84},[52,57186,13677],{"class":88},[52,57188,85],{"class":84},[52,57190,56469],{"class":608},[52,57192,329],{"class":84},[52,57194,57195],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,57196,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,57198,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,57200,81],{"class":80},[52,57202,85],{"class":84},[52,57204,289],{"class":88},[52,57206,3784],{"class":84},[52,57208,57209],{"class":1479},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57211,57212,57213,57215],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57214,55723],{}," is shallow.",[412,57217,25742,57219,57221],{"id":57218},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57220,12899],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57223,57224,57226],{},[15,57225,12899],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[43,57228,57230],{"className":45,"code":57229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57231,57232,57244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57233,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57235,441],{"class":58},[52,57237,63],{"class":62},[52,57239,67],{"class":66},[52,57241,5127],{"class":70},[52,57243,74],{"class":66},[52,57245,57246],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57247,57248],{"class":1479},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57250,57251],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[43,57253,57255],{"className":45,"code":57254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57256,57257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57258,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57260,81],{"class":80},[52,57262,85],{"class":84},[52,57264,1930],{"class":1929},[52,57266,85],{"class":84},[52,57268,459],{"class":88},[52,57270,108],{"class":84},[20,57272,57273,57274,57278],{},"You can also review ",[289,57275,57277],{"href":57276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[38,57280,1940],{"id":1939},[412,57282,1944,57284,57286],{"id":57283},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57285,55723],{}," change the original list?",[20,57288,57289],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[412,57291,1987,57293,342,57295,1993],{"id":57292},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57294,55723],{},[15,57296,63],{},[20,57298,57299,57301,57302,57304],{},[15,57300,12899],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57303,63],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[412,57306,1971,57308,15030],{"id":57307},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57309,55723],{},[20,57311,57312],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[412,57314,57316],{"id":57315},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57318,42277,57319,57322],{},[15,57320,57321],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[412,57324,1971,57326,57328,57329,1993],{"id":57325},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57327,55723],{}," the same as ",[15,57330,56756],{},[20,57332,57333],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[38,57335,2005],{"id":2004},[176,57337,57338,57343,57347,57352,57358],{},[179,57339,57340],{},[289,57341,15089],{"href":57342},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[179,57344,57345],{},[289,57346,52893],{"href":51102},[179,57348,57349],{},[289,57350,57351],{"href":57276},"Creating a list in Python",[179,57353,57354],{},[289,57355,55642,57356,1441],{"href":56891},[15,57357,52775],{},[179,57359,57360],{},[289,57361,13915],{"href":13914},[2035,57363,57364],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":57366},[57367,57368,57370,57371,57373,57374,57375,57377,57385,57396],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":55833,"depth":77,"text":57369},"What list.copy() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":56104,"depth":77,"text":57372},"Why not use =",{"id":56382,"depth":77,"text":56383},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":56733,"depth":77,"text":57376},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":57378},[57379,57381,57382,57383],{"id":56903,"depth":111,"text":57380},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57049,"depth":111,"text":57050},{"id":57132,"depth":111,"text":57133},{"id":57218,"depth":111,"text":57384},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":57386},[57387,57389,57391,57393,57394],{"id":57283,"depth":111,"text":57388},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57292,"depth":111,"text":57390},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57307,"depth":111,"text":57392},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57315,"depth":111,"text":57316},{"id":57325,"depth":111,"text":57395},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55711,"description":57397},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57404,"title":57405,"body":57406,"description":59148,"extension":2078,"meta":59149,"navigation":221,"path":59150,"seo":59151,"stem":59152,"__hash__":59153},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57407,"toc":59107},[57408,57414,57420,57423,57434,57437,57439,57502,57508,57513,57517,57531,57534,57539,57544,57546,57548,57567,57579,57581,57648,57650,57658,57663,57665,57673,57676,57693,57695,57819,57830,57834,57839,57842,57844,57862,57866,57952,57961,57969,58038,58040,58043,58055,58060,58064,58135,58138,58142,58146,58211,58213,58221,58225,58308,58310,58318,58322,58383,58385,58393,58397,58484,58486,58494,58499,58504,58507,58518,58520,58605,58610,58619,58621,58625,58629,58634,58696,58700,58708,58714,58723,58728,58777,58780,58801,58805,58867,58874,58879,58882,58969,58972,58983,58986,59006,59008,59014,59017,59021,59025,59031,59034,59040,59047,59055,59066,59068,59104],[10,57409,54464,57411,18],{"id":57410},"python-list-count-method",[15,57412,57413],{},"count()",[20,57415,57416,57419],{},[15,57417,57418],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57421,57422],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[176,57424,57425,57428,57431],{},[179,57426,57427],{},"count one specific item",[179,57429,57430],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[179,57432,57433],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57435,57436],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[38,57438,3729],{"id":3728},[43,57440,57442],{"className":45,"code":57441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57443,57444,57472,57490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57445,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57447,3739],{"class":58},[52,57449,63],{"class":62},[52,57451,3744],{"class":84},[52,57453,3106],{"class":608},[52,57455,318],{"class":84},[52,57457,3111],{"class":608},[52,57459,318],{"class":84},[52,57461,3111],{"class":608},[52,57463,318],{"class":84},[52,57465,609],{"class":608},[52,57467,318],{"class":84},[52,57469,3111],{"class":608},[52,57471,3757],{"class":84},[52,57473,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57475,2346],{"class":58},[52,57477,63],{"class":62},[52,57479,4384],{"class":58},[52,57481,92],{"class":84},[52,57483,41386],{"class":88},[52,57485,85],{"class":84},[52,57487,2172],{"class":608},[52,57489,329],{"class":84},[52,57491,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,57493,81],{"class":80},[52,57495,85],{"class":84},[52,57497,2381],{"class":88},[52,57499,3784],{"class":84},[52,57501,50894],{"class":1479},[20,57503,154,57504,57507],{},[15,57505,57506],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[38,57509,166,57511,169],{"id":57510},"what-listcount-does",[15,57512,57418],{},[20,57514,57515,174],{},[15,57516,57418],{},[176,57518,57519,57522,57525,57528],{},[179,57520,57521],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[179,57523,57524],{},"returns an integer",[179,57526,57527],{},"does not change the original list",[179,57529,57530],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57532,57533],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57535,57536,57537,92],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57538,627],{},[20,57540,57541,57542,92],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57543,2235],{},[38,57545,296],{"id":295},[20,57547,2275],{},[43,57549,57551],{"className":45,"code":57550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57552,57553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57554,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57556,8463],{"class":58},[52,57558,92],{"class":84},[52,57560,41386],{"class":88},[52,57562,85],{"class":84},[52,57564,2591],{"class":88},[52,57566,329],{"class":84},[176,57568,57569,57574],{},[179,57570,57571,57573],{},[15,57572,8463],{}," is the list you want to search",[179,57575,57576,57578],{},[15,57577,2591],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57580,197],{},[43,57582,57584],{"className":45,"code":57583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57585,57586,57626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57587,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57589,36215],{"class":58},[52,57591,63],{"class":62},[52,57593,3744],{"class":84},[52,57595,100],{"class":66},[52,57597,289],{"class":70},[52,57599,100],{"class":66},[52,57601,318],{"class":84},[52,57603,67],{"class":66},[52,57605,4883],{"class":70},[52,57607,100],{"class":66},[52,57609,318],{"class":84},[52,57611,67],{"class":66},[52,57613,289],{"class":70},[52,57615,100],{"class":66},[52,57617,318],{"class":84},[52,57619,67],{"class":66},[52,57621,9860],{"class":70},[52,57623,100],{"class":66},[52,57625,3757],{"class":84},[52,57627,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57629,81],{"class":80},[52,57631,85],{"class":84},[52,57633,36268],{"class":88},[52,57635,92],{"class":84},[52,57637,41386],{"class":88},[52,57639,85],{"class":84},[52,57641,100],{"class":66},[52,57643,289],{"class":70},[52,57645,100],{"class":66},[52,57647,108],{"class":84},[20,57649,135],{},[43,57651,57652],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57653,57654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57655,57656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57657,17182],{"class":608},[20,57659,57660,57661,92],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57662,2235],{},[38,57664,38146],{"id":38145},[20,57666,57667,57668,57670,57671,92],{},"The return value from ",[15,57669,57413],{}," is always an ",[15,57672,2304],{},[20,57674,57675],{},"Possible results:",[176,57677,57678,57683,57688],{},[179,57679,57680,57682],{},[15,57681,2235],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[179,57684,57685,57687],{},[15,57686,3106],{}," if it appears once",[179,57689,57690,57692],{},[15,57691,2172],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57694,197],{},[43,57696,57698],{"className":45,"code":57697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57699,57700,57740,57744,57769,57794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57701,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57703,13199],{"class":58},[52,57705,63],{"class":62},[52,57707,3744],{"class":84},[52,57709,100],{"class":66},[52,57711,13216],{"class":70},[52,57713,100],{"class":66},[52,57715,318],{"class":84},[52,57717,67],{"class":66},[52,57719,13233],{"class":70},[52,57721,100],{"class":66},[52,57723,318],{"class":84},[52,57725,67],{"class":66},[52,57727,17580],{"class":70},[52,57729,100],{"class":66},[52,57731,318],{"class":84},[52,57733,67],{"class":66},[52,57735,13233],{"class":70},[52,57737,100],{"class":66},[52,57739,3757],{"class":84},[52,57741,57742],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57743,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,57745,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,57747,81],{"class":80},[52,57749,85],{"class":84},[52,57751,17627],{"class":88},[52,57753,92],{"class":84},[52,57755,41386],{"class":88},[52,57757,85],{"class":84},[52,57759,100],{"class":66},[52,57761,13233],{"class":70},[52,57763,100],{"class":66},[52,57765,5485],{"class":84},[52,57767,57768],{"class":1479},"   # 2\n",[52,57770,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,57772,81],{"class":80},[52,57774,85],{"class":84},[52,57776,17627],{"class":88},[52,57778,92],{"class":84},[52,57780,41386],{"class":88},[52,57782,85],{"class":84},[52,57784,100],{"class":66},[52,57786,13216],{"class":70},[52,57788,100],{"class":66},[52,57790,5485],{"class":84},[52,57792,57793],{"class":1479},"    # 1\n",[52,57795,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,57797,81],{"class":80},[52,57799,85],{"class":84},[52,57801,17627],{"class":88},[52,57803,92],{"class":84},[52,57805,41386],{"class":88},[52,57807,85],{"class":84},[52,57809,100],{"class":66},[52,57811,22650],{"class":70},[52,57813,100],{"class":66},[52,57815,5485],{"class":84},[52,57817,57818],{"class":1479}," # 0\n",[20,57820,57821,57822,57824,57825,57827,57828,92],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57823,57413],{}," works, but using ",[15,57826,1638],{}," is often simpler. See ",[289,57829,6321],{"href":6320},[38,57831,57833],{"id":57832},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57835,57836,57838],{},[15,57837,57418],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57840,57841],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57843,43775],{},[176,57845,57846,57849,57852,57859],{},[179,57847,57848],{},"matches are based on equality",[179,57850,57851],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[179,57853,57854,342,57856,57858],{},[15,57855,3106],{},[15,57857,31],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[179,57860,57861],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[412,57863,57865],{"id":57864},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[43,57867,57869],{"className":45,"code":57868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57870,57871,57904,57928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57872,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57874,4190],{"class":58},[52,57876,63],{"class":62},[52,57878,3744],{"class":84},[52,57880,100],{"class":66},[52,57882,4199],{"class":70},[52,57884,100],{"class":66},[52,57886,318],{"class":84},[52,57888,67],{"class":66},[52,57890,57891],{"class":70},"Apple",[52,57893,100],{"class":66},[52,57895,318],{"class":84},[52,57897,67],{"class":66},[52,57899,4199],{"class":70},[52,57901,100],{"class":66},[52,57903,3757],{"class":84},[52,57905,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,57907,81],{"class":80},[52,57909,85],{"class":84},[52,57911,4234],{"class":88},[52,57913,92],{"class":84},[52,57915,41386],{"class":88},[52,57917,85],{"class":84},[52,57919,100],{"class":66},[52,57921,4199],{"class":70},[52,57923,100],{"class":66},[52,57925,5485],{"class":84},[52,57927,51538],{"class":1479},[52,57929,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,57931,81],{"class":80},[52,57933,85],{"class":84},[52,57935,4234],{"class":88},[52,57937,92],{"class":84},[52,57939,41386],{"class":88},[52,57941,85],{"class":84},[52,57943,100],{"class":66},[52,57945,57891],{"class":70},[52,57947,100],{"class":66},[52,57949,5485],{"class":84},[52,57951,27905],{"class":1479},[20,57953,57954,342,57957,57960],{},[15,57955,57956],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57958,57959],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[412,57962,57964,342,57966,57968],{"id":57963},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57965,3106],{},[15,57967,31],{}," can match",[43,57970,57972],{"className":45,"code":57971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57973,57974,57998,58018],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57975,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57977,3946],{"class":58},[52,57979,63],{"class":62},[52,57981,3744],{"class":84},[52,57983,3106],{"class":608},[52,57985,318],{"class":84},[52,57987,4037],{"class":145},[52,57989,318],{"class":84},[52,57991,3111],{"class":608},[52,57993,318],{"class":84},[52,57995,5621],{"class":608},[52,57997,3757],{"class":84},[52,57999,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58001,81],{"class":80},[52,58003,85],{"class":84},[52,58005,5482],{"class":88},[52,58007,92],{"class":84},[52,58009,41386],{"class":88},[52,58011,85],{"class":84},[52,58013,3106],{"class":608},[52,58015,5485],{"class":84},[52,58017,51042],{"class":1479},[52,58019,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58021,81],{"class":80},[52,58023,85],{"class":84},[52,58025,5482],{"class":88},[52,58027,92],{"class":84},[52,58029,41386],{"class":88},[52,58031,85],{"class":84},[52,58033,31],{"class":145},[52,58035,5485],{"class":84},[52,58037,50894],{"class":1479},[20,58039,4531],{},[20,58041,58042],{},"In Python:",[176,58044,58045,58050],{},[179,58046,58047],{},[15,58048,58049],{},"True == 1",[179,58051,58052],{},[15,58053,58054],{},"False == 0",[20,58056,53775,58057,58059],{},[15,58058,57413],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[412,58061,58063],{"id":58062},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[43,58065,58067],{"className":45,"code":58066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58068,58069,58111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58070,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58072,7903],{"class":58},[52,58074,63],{"class":62},[52,58076,56416],{"class":84},[52,58078,3106],{"class":608},[52,58080,318],{"class":84},[52,58082,3111],{"class":608},[52,58084,18187],{"class":84},[52,58086,3744],{"class":84},[52,58088,627],{"class":608},[52,58090,318],{"class":84},[52,58092,2575],{"class":608},[52,58094,18187],{"class":84},[52,58096,3744],{"class":84},[52,58098,3106],{"class":608},[52,58100,318],{"class":84},[52,58102,3111],{"class":608},[52,58104,18187],{"class":84},[52,58106,3744],{"class":84},[52,58108,3106],{"class":608},[52,58110,53364],{"class":84},[52,58112,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58114,81],{"class":80},[52,58116,85],{"class":84},[52,58118,7934],{"class":88},[52,58120,92],{"class":84},[52,58122,41386],{"class":88},[52,58124,3103],{"class":84},[52,58126,3106],{"class":608},[52,58128,318],{"class":84},[52,58130,3111],{"class":608},[52,58132,4857],{"class":84},[52,58134,51538],{"class":1479},[20,58136,58137],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[38,58139,58141],{"id":58140},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[412,58143,58145],{"id":58144},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[43,58147,58149],{"className":45,"code":58148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58150,58151,58179,58197,58201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58152,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58154,3739],{"class":58},[52,58156,63],{"class":62},[52,58158,3744],{"class":84},[52,58160,2448],{"class":608},[52,58162,318],{"class":84},[52,58164,7914],{"class":608},[52,58166,318],{"class":84},[52,58168,688],{"class":608},[52,58170,318],{"class":84},[52,58172,7919],{"class":608},[52,58174,318],{"class":84},[52,58176,688],{"class":608},[52,58178,3757],{"class":84},[52,58180,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58182,2346],{"class":58},[52,58184,63],{"class":62},[52,58186,4384],{"class":58},[52,58188,92],{"class":84},[52,58190,41386],{"class":88},[52,58192,85],{"class":84},[52,58194,2448],{"class":608},[52,58196,329],{"class":84},[52,58198,58199],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58200,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,58202,58203,58205,58207,58209],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,58204,81],{"class":80},[52,58206,85],{"class":84},[52,58208,2381],{"class":88},[52,58210,329],{"class":84},[20,58212,135],{},[43,58214,58215],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58216,58217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58218,58219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58220,46740],{"class":608},[412,58222,58224],{"id":58223},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[43,58226,58228],{"className":45,"code":58227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58229,58230,58272,58294,58298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58231,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58268,58270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58233,4190],{"class":58},[52,58235,63],{"class":62},[52,58237,3744],{"class":84},[52,58239,100],{"class":66},[52,58241,37173],{"class":70},[52,58243,100],{"class":66},[52,58245,318],{"class":84},[52,58247,67],{"class":66},[52,58249,58250],{"class":70},"dog",[52,58252,100],{"class":66},[52,58254,318],{"class":84},[52,58256,67],{"class":66},[52,58258,37173],{"class":70},[52,58260,100],{"class":66},[52,58262,318],{"class":84},[52,58264,67],{"class":66},[52,58266,58267],{"class":70},"bird",[52,58269,100],{"class":66},[52,58271,3757],{"class":84},[52,58273,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58275,2346],{"class":58},[52,58277,63],{"class":62},[52,58279,6291],{"class":58},[52,58281,92],{"class":84},[52,58283,41386],{"class":88},[52,58285,85],{"class":84},[52,58287,100],{"class":66},[52,58289,37173],{"class":70},[52,58291,100],{"class":66},[52,58293,329],{"class":84},[52,58295,58296],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58297,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,58299,58300,58302,58304,58306],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,58301,81],{"class":80},[52,58303,85],{"class":84},[52,58305,2381],{"class":88},[52,58307,329],{"class":84},[20,58309,135],{},[43,58311,58312],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58313,58314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58315,58316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58317,17182],{"class":608},[412,58319,58321],{"id":58320},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[43,58323,58325],{"className":45,"code":58324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58326,58327,58351,58369,58373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58328,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58330,3739],{"class":58},[52,58332,63],{"class":62},[52,58334,3744],{"class":84},[52,58336,3106],{"class":608},[52,58338,318],{"class":84},[52,58340,3111],{"class":608},[52,58342,318],{"class":84},[52,58344,609],{"class":608},[52,58346,318],{"class":84},[52,58348,2575],{"class":608},[52,58350,3757],{"class":84},[52,58352,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58354,2346],{"class":58},[52,58356,63],{"class":62},[52,58358,4384],{"class":58},[52,58360,92],{"class":84},[52,58362,41386],{"class":88},[52,58364,85],{"class":84},[52,58366,2252],{"class":608},[52,58368,329],{"class":84},[52,58370,58371],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58372,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,58374,58375,58377,58379,58381],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,58376,81],{"class":80},[52,58378,85],{"class":84},[52,58380,2381],{"class":88},[52,58382,329],{"class":84},[20,58384,135],{},[43,58386,58387],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58388,58389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58390,58391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58392,47375],{"class":608},[412,58394,58396],{"id":58395},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[43,58398,58400],{"className":45,"code":58399,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58401,58402,58448,58470,58474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58403,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58405,9286],{"class":58},[52,58407,63],{"class":62},[52,58409,56416],{"class":84},[52,58411,3106],{"class":608},[52,58413,318],{"class":84},[52,58415,3111],{"class":608},[52,58417,18187],{"class":84},[52,58419,3744],{"class":84},[52,58421,3106],{"class":608},[52,58423,318],{"class":84},[52,58425,3111],{"class":608},[52,58427,18187],{"class":84},[52,58429,3744],{"class":84},[52,58431,2172],{"class":608},[52,58433,318],{"class":84},[52,58435,609],{"class":608},[52,58437,18187],{"class":84},[52,58439,3744],{"class":84},[52,58441,3106],{"class":608},[52,58443,318],{"class":84},[52,58445,3111],{"class":608},[52,58447,53364],{"class":84},[52,58449,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58451,2346],{"class":58},[52,58453,63],{"class":62},[52,58455,14691],{"class":58},[52,58457,92],{"class":84},[52,58459,41386],{"class":88},[52,58461,3103],{"class":84},[52,58463,3106],{"class":608},[52,58465,318],{"class":84},[52,58467,3111],{"class":608},[52,58469,4009],{"class":84},[52,58471,58472],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58473,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,58475,58476,58478,58480,58482],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,58477,81],{"class":80},[52,58479,85],{"class":84},[52,58481,2381],{"class":88},[52,58483,329],{"class":84},[20,58485,135],{},[43,58487,58488],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58489,58490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58491,58492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58493,46740],{"class":608},[38,58495,5084,58497],{"id":58496},"when-to-use-count",[15,58498,57413],{},[20,58500,154,58501,58503],{},[15,58502,57413],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58505,58506],{},"Good use cases:",[176,58508,58509,58512,58515],{},[179,58510,58511],{},"counting one specific item",[179,58513,58514],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[179,58516,58517],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58519,197],{},[43,58521,58523],{"className":45,"code":58522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58524,58525,58566,58590,58594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58526,58527,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58528,58529],{"class":58},"votes ",[52,58531,63],{"class":62},[52,58533,3744],{"class":84},[52,58535,100],{"class":66},[52,58537,8778],{"class":70},[52,58539,100],{"class":66},[52,58541,318],{"class":84},[52,58543,67],{"class":66},[52,58545,8719],{"class":70},[52,58547,100],{"class":66},[52,58549,318],{"class":84},[52,58551,67],{"class":66},[52,58553,8778],{"class":70},[52,58555,100],{"class":66},[52,58557,318],{"class":84},[52,58559,67],{"class":66},[52,58561,8778],{"class":70},[52,58563,100],{"class":66},[52,58565,3757],{"class":84},[52,58567,58568,58571,58573,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58569,58570],{"class":58},"yes_votes ",[52,58572,63],{"class":62},[52,58574,58575],{"class":58}," votes",[52,58577,92],{"class":84},[52,58579,41386],{"class":88},[52,58581,85],{"class":84},[52,58583,100],{"class":66},[52,58585,8778],{"class":70},[52,58587,100],{"class":66},[52,58589,329],{"class":84},[52,58591,58592],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58593,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,58595,58596,58598,58600,58603],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,58597,81],{"class":80},[52,58599,85],{"class":84},[52,58601,58602],{"class":88},"yes_votes",[52,58604,329],{"class":84},[20,58606,58607,58609],{},[15,58608,57413],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58611,58612,58613,342,58615,92],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[289,58614,52893],{"href":51102},[289,58616,58618],{"href":58617},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[38,58620,1445],{"id":1444},[20,58622,1448,58623,92],{},[15,58624,57418],{},[412,58626,58628],{"id":58627},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58630,58631,58633],{},[15,58632,57418],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[43,58635,58637],{"className":45,"code":58636,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58638,58639,58672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58640,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58642,4190],{"class":58},[52,58644,63],{"class":62},[52,58646,3744],{"class":84},[52,58648,100],{"class":66},[52,58650,58651],{"class":70},"apple pie",[52,58653,100],{"class":66},[52,58655,318],{"class":84},[52,58657,67],{"class":66},[52,58659,4208],{"class":70},[52,58661,100],{"class":66},[52,58663,318],{"class":84},[52,58665,67],{"class":66},[52,58667,58651],{"class":70},[52,58669,100],{"class":66},[52,58671,3757],{"class":84},[52,58673,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58675,81],{"class":80},[52,58677,85],{"class":84},[52,58679,4234],{"class":88},[52,58681,92],{"class":84},[52,58683,41386],{"class":88},[52,58685,85],{"class":84},[52,58687,100],{"class":66},[52,58689,4199],{"class":70},[52,58691,100],{"class":66},[52,58693,5485],{"class":84},[52,58695,51370],{"class":1479},[20,58697,2607,58698,1993],{},[15,58699,2235],{},[20,58701,29187,58702,58704,58705,92],{},[15,58703,57956],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58706,58707],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58709,58710,58711,92],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58712,58713],{},"str.count()",[412,58715,1725,58717,8577,58719,32,58721],{"id":58716},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58718,57413],{},[15,58720,31],{},[15,58722,35],{},[20,58724,58725,58727],{},[15,58726,57413],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[43,58729,58731],{"className":45,"code":58730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58732,58733,58757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58736,3739],{"class":58},[52,58738,63],{"class":62},[52,58740,3744],{"class":84},[52,58742,3106],{"class":608},[52,58744,318],{"class":84},[52,58746,3111],{"class":608},[52,58748,318],{"class":84},[52,58750,3111],{"class":608},[52,58752,318],{"class":84},[52,58754,609],{"class":608},[52,58756,3757],{"class":84},[52,58758,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58760,81],{"class":80},[52,58762,85],{"class":84},[52,58764,3771],{"class":88},[52,58766,92],{"class":84},[52,58768,41386],{"class":88},[52,58770,85],{"class":84},[52,58772,2172],{"class":608},[52,58774,5485],{"class":84},[52,58776,51538],{"class":1479},[20,58778,58779],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[43,58781,58783],{"className":45,"code":58782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58784,58785],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58786,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58788,81],{"class":80},[52,58790,85],{"class":84},[52,58792,2172],{"class":608},[52,58794,1702],{"class":761},[52,58796,4384],{"class":88},[52,58798,3784],{"class":84},[52,58800,3787],{"class":1479},[412,58802,58804],{"id":58803},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[43,58806,58808],{"className":45,"code":58807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58809,58810,58843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58811,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58839,58841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58813,5118],{"class":58},[52,58815,63],{"class":62},[52,58817,3744],{"class":84},[52,58819,100],{"class":66},[52,58821,7800],{"class":70},[52,58823,100],{"class":66},[52,58825,318],{"class":84},[52,58827,67],{"class":66},[52,58829,20344],{"class":70},[52,58831,100],{"class":66},[52,58833,318],{"class":84},[52,58835,67],{"class":66},[52,58837,58838],{"class":70},"SAM",[52,58840,100],{"class":66},[52,58842,3757],{"class":84},[52,58844,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58846,81],{"class":80},[52,58848,85],{"class":84},[52,58850,5162],{"class":88},[52,58852,92],{"class":84},[52,58854,41386],{"class":88},[52,58856,85],{"class":84},[52,58858,100],{"class":66},[52,58860,20344],{"class":70},[52,58862,100],{"class":66},[52,58864,5485],{"class":84},[52,58866,27905],{"class":1479},[20,58868,58869,58870,58873],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58871,58872],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[412,58875,29776,58877,33675],{"id":58876},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58878,57413],{},[20,58880,58881],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[43,58883,58885],{"className":45,"code":58884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58886,58887,58897,58911,58929,58943,58955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58888,58889,58891,58893,58895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58890,81],{"class":80},[52,58892,85],{"class":84},[52,58894,8463],{"class":88},[52,58896,329],{"class":84},[52,58898,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,58900,81],{"class":80},[52,58902,85],{"class":84},[52,58904,1930],{"class":1929},[52,58906,85],{"class":84},[52,58908,8463],{"class":88},[52,58910,108],{"class":84},[52,58912,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,58914,81],{"class":80},[52,58916,85],{"class":84},[52,58918,8463],{"class":88},[52,58920,92],{"class":84},[52,58922,41386],{"class":88},[52,58924,85],{"class":84},[52,58926,2591],{"class":88},[52,58928,108],{"class":84},[52,58930,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,58932,81],{"class":80},[52,58934,85],{"class":84},[52,58936,2565],{"class":88},[52,58938,1638],{"class":761},[52,58940,8519],{"class":88},[52,58942,329],{"class":84},[52,58944,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,58946,6081],{"class":761},[52,58948,6084],{"class":58},[52,58950,1638],{"class":761},[52,58952,8519],{"class":58},[52,58954,804],{"class":84},[52,58956,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965,58967],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,58958,784],{"class":80},[52,58960,85],{"class":84},[52,58962,1865],{"class":80},[52,58964,85],{"class":84},[52,58966,23437],{"class":88},[52,58968,108],{"class":84},[20,58970,58971],{},"These checks can help you see:",[176,58973,58974,58977,58980],{},[179,58975,58976],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[179,58978,58979],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[179,58981,58982],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58984,58985],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[176,58987,58988,58993,58996,59003],{},[179,58989,50615,58990,58992],{},[15,58991,57413],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[179,58994,58995],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[179,58997,11229,58998,59000,59001],{},[15,58999,57418],{}," with string ",[15,59002,57413],{},[179,59004,59005],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[38,59007,1940],{"id":1939},[412,59009,1944,59011,59013],{"id":59010},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59012,57418],{}," change the list?",[20,59015,59016],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[412,59018,59020],{"id":59019},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59022,12034,59023,92],{},[15,59024,2235],{},[412,59026,1958,59028,59030],{"id":59027},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59029,57418],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59032,59033],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[412,59035,1971,59037,59039],{"id":59036},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59038,57418],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59041,42277,59042,342,59044,59046],{},[15,59043,57959],{},[15,59045,57956],{}," are different values.",[412,59048,5282,59050,59052,59053,1993],{"id":59049},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59051,31],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59054,3106],{},[20,59056,8905,59057,59059,59060,342,59062,59059,59064,92],{},[15,59058,31],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59061,3106],{},[15,59063,35],{},[15,59065,2235],{},[38,59067,2005],{"id":2004},[176,59069,59070,59074,59080,59084,59092,59099],{},[179,59071,59072],{},[289,59073,52893],{"href":51102},[179,59075,59076],{},[289,59077,59079],{"href":59078},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[179,59081,59082],{},[289,59083,7060],{"href":6320},[179,59085,59086],{},[289,59087,55642,59089,1441],{"href":59088},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59090,59091],{},"index()",[179,59093,59094],{},[289,59095,3696,59097],{"href":59096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59098,42486],{},[179,59100,59101],{},[289,59102,59103],{"href":58617},"What is a list in Python",[2035,59105,59106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":59108},[59109,59110,59112,59113,59114,59120,59126,59128,59136,59147],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":57510,"depth":77,"text":59111},"What list.count() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":38145,"depth":77,"text":38146},{"id":57832,"depth":77,"text":57833,"children":59115},[59116,59117,59119],{"id":57864,"depth":111,"text":57865},{"id":57963,"depth":111,"text":59118},"1 and True can match",{"id":58062,"depth":111,"text":58063},{"id":58140,"depth":77,"text":58141,"children":59121},[59122,59123,59124,59125],{"id":58144,"depth":111,"text":58145},{"id":58223,"depth":111,"text":58224},{"id":58320,"depth":111,"text":58321},{"id":58395,"depth":111,"text":58396},{"id":58496,"depth":77,"text":59127},"When to use count()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":59129},[59130,59131,59133,59134],{"id":58627,"depth":111,"text":58628},{"id":58716,"depth":111,"text":59132},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58803,"depth":111,"text":58804},{"id":58876,"depth":111,"text":59135},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":59137},[59138,59140,59141,59143,59145],{"id":59010,"depth":111,"text":59139},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59019,"depth":111,"text":59020},{"id":59027,"depth":111,"text":59142},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59036,"depth":111,"text":59144},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59049,"depth":111,"text":59146},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57405,"description":59148},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59155,"title":59156,"body":59157,"description":61118,"extension":2078,"meta":61119,"navigation":221,"path":61120,"seo":61121,"stem":61122,"__hash__":61123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59158,"toc":61081},[59159,59162,59165,59167,59295,59299,59380,59391,59393,59412,59416,59419,59422,59440,59442,59485,59489,59514,59523,59527,59532,59535,59652,59656,59725,59729,59741,59745,59748,59789,59793,59806,59809,59894,59898,59931,59938,59944,59949,59951,59963,59967,60000,60004,60036,60040,60077,60081,60101,60105,60139,60143,60172,60183,60187,60190,60193,60206,60263,60267,60306,60312,60315,60317,60320,60324,60327,60352,60354,60379,60386,60389,60434,60438,60457,60460,60499,60506,60511,60544,60548,60649,60656,60689,60693,60718,60722,60725,60763,60766,60803,60807,60810,60829,60833,60894,60896,60914,60918,60921,60924,60953,60955,60959,60962,60970,60974,60977,60997,61003,61009,61013,61016,61023,61031,61033,61072,61078],[10,59160,59156],{"id":59161},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59163,59164],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[38,59166,3729],{"id":3728},[43,59168,59170],{"className":45,"code":59169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59171,59172,59192,59224,59232,59250,59254,59264,59274,59285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59173,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59175,3739],{"class":58},[52,59177,63],{"class":62},[52,59179,3744],{"class":84},[52,59181,3106],{"class":608},[52,59183,318],{"class":84},[52,59185,3111],{"class":608},[52,59187,318],{"class":84},[52,59189,609],{"class":608},[52,59191,3757],{"class":84},[52,59193,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59195,5118],{"class":58},[52,59197,63],{"class":62},[52,59199,3744],{"class":84},[52,59201,100],{"class":66},[52,59203,13003],{"class":70},[52,59205,100],{"class":66},[52,59207,318],{"class":84},[52,59209,67],{"class":66},[52,59211,36067],{"class":70},[52,59213,100],{"class":66},[52,59215,318],{"class":84},[52,59217,67],{"class":66},[52,59219,36076],{"class":70},[52,59221,100],{"class":66},[52,59223,3757],{"class":84},[52,59225,59226,59228,59230],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59227,56053],{"class":58},[52,59229,63],{"class":62},[52,59231,7963],{"class":84},[52,59233,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,59235,36215],{"class":58},[52,59237,63],{"class":62},[52,59239,22686],{"class":1929},[52,59241,85],{"class":84},[52,59243,100],{"class":66},[52,59245,41687],{"class":70},[52,59247,100],{"class":66},[52,59249,329],{"class":84},[52,59251,59252],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,59253,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,59255,59256,59258,59260,59262],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,59257,81],{"class":80},[52,59259,85],{"class":84},[52,59261,3771],{"class":88},[52,59263,329],{"class":84},[52,59265,59266,59268,59270,59272],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,59267,81],{"class":80},[52,59269,85],{"class":84},[52,59271,5162],{"class":88},[52,59273,329],{"class":84},[52,59275,59276,59278,59280,59283],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,59277,81],{"class":80},[52,59279,85],{"class":84},[52,59281,59282],{"class":88},"empty_list",[52,59284,329],{"class":84},[52,59286,59287,59289,59291,59293],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,59288,81],{"class":80},[52,59290,85],{"class":84},[52,59292,36268],{"class":88},[52,59294,329],{"class":84},[20,59296,59297],{},[3865,59298,135],{},[43,59300,59302],{"className":45,"code":59301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59303,59304,59320,59348,59352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59307,4021],{"class":84},[52,59309,3106],{"class":608},[52,59311,318],{"class":84},[52,59313,3111],{"class":608},[52,59315,318],{"class":84},[52,59317,609],{"class":608},[52,59319,3757],{"class":84},[52,59321,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59323,4021],{"class":84},[52,59325,1888],{"class":66},[52,59327,13003],{"class":70},[52,59329,1888],{"class":66},[52,59331,318],{"class":84},[52,59333,3416],{"class":66},[52,59335,36067],{"class":70},[52,59337,1888],{"class":66},[52,59339,318],{"class":84},[52,59341,3416],{"class":66},[52,59343,36076],{"class":70},[52,59345,1888],{"class":66},[52,59347,3757],{"class":84},[52,59349,59350],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59351,38423],{"class":84},[52,59353,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,59355,4021],{"class":84},[52,59357,1888],{"class":66},[52,59359,289],{"class":70},[52,59361,1888],{"class":66},[52,59363,318],{"class":84},[52,59365,3416],{"class":66},[52,59367,4883],{"class":70},[52,59369,1888],{"class":66},[52,59371,318],{"class":84},[52,59373,3416],{"class":66},[52,59375,9860],{"class":70},[52,59377,1888],{"class":66},[52,59379,3757],{"class":84},[20,59381,59382,59383,59385,59386,59388,59389,92],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59384,3910],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59387,24907],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59390,36323],{},[38,59392,15287],{"id":15286},[176,59394,59395,59398,59401,59404,59409],{},[179,59396,59397],{},"What a list is in Python",[179,59399,59400],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[179,59402,59403],{},"How to create an empty list",[179,59405,59406,59407,2420],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59408,24907],{},[179,59410,59411],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[38,59413,59415],{"id":59414},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59417,59418],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59420,59421],{},"This means:",[176,59423,59424,59427,59430,59433],{},[179,59425,59426],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[179,59428,59429],{},"The order of items is kept",[179,59431,59432],{},"A list can hold different data types",[179,59434,59435,59436,59439],{},"A list is ",[3865,59437,59438],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59441,197],{},[43,59443,59445],{"className":45,"code":59444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59446,59447,59471,59475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59448,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59450,7903],{"class":58},[52,59452,63],{"class":62},[52,59454,3744],{"class":84},[52,59456,100],{"class":66},[52,59458,4199],{"class":70},[52,59460,100],{"class":66},[52,59462,318],{"class":84},[52,59464,688],{"class":608},[52,59466,318],{"class":84},[52,59468,4037],{"class":145},[52,59470,3757],{"class":84},[52,59472,59473],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59474,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59478,81],{"class":80},[52,59480,85],{"class":84},[52,59482,7934],{"class":88},[52,59484,329],{"class":84},[20,59486,59487],{},[3865,59488,135],{},[43,59490,59492],{"className":45,"code":59491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59493,59494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59495,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59497,4021],{"class":84},[52,59499,1888],{"class":66},[52,59501,4199],{"class":70},[52,59503,1888],{"class":66},[52,59505,318],{"class":84},[52,59507,688],{"class":608},[52,59509,318],{"class":84},[52,59511,4037],{"class":145},[52,59513,3757],{"class":84},[20,59515,59516,59517,32,59520,92],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[289,59518,59519],{"href":51102},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[289,59521,59522],{"href":58617},"What is a List in Python?",[38,59524,59526],{"id":59525},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59528,59382,59529,59531],{},[15,59530,3910],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59533,59534],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[43,59536,59538],{"className":45,"code":59537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59539,59540,59560,59592,59617,59621,59631,59641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59541,59542,59544,59546,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59543,3739],{"class":58},[52,59545,63],{"class":62},[52,59547,3744],{"class":84},[52,59549,3106],{"class":608},[52,59551,318],{"class":84},[52,59553,3111],{"class":608},[52,59555,318],{"class":84},[52,59557,609],{"class":608},[52,59559,3757],{"class":84},[52,59561,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59563,5118],{"class":58},[52,59565,63],{"class":62},[52,59567,3744],{"class":84},[52,59569,100],{"class":66},[52,59571,13003],{"class":70},[52,59573,100],{"class":66},[52,59575,318],{"class":84},[52,59577,67],{"class":66},[52,59579,36067],{"class":70},[52,59581,100],{"class":66},[52,59583,318],{"class":84},[52,59585,67],{"class":66},[52,59587,36076],{"class":70},[52,59589,100],{"class":66},[52,59591,3757],{"class":84},[52,59593,59594,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59595,59596],{"class":58},"mixed ",[52,59598,63],{"class":62},[52,59600,3744],{"class":84},[52,59602,2448],{"class":608},[52,59604,318],{"class":84},[52,59606,67],{"class":66},[52,59608,266],{"class":70},[52,59610,100],{"class":66},[52,59612,318],{"class":84},[52,59614,4028],{"class":145},[52,59616,3757],{"class":84},[52,59618,59619],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,59620,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,59622,59623,59625,59627,59629],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,59624,81],{"class":80},[52,59626,85],{"class":84},[52,59628,3771],{"class":88},[52,59630,329],{"class":84},[52,59632,59633,59635,59637,59639],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,59634,81],{"class":80},[52,59636,85],{"class":84},[52,59638,5162],{"class":88},[52,59640,329],{"class":84},[52,59642,59643,59645,59647,59650],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,59644,81],{"class":80},[52,59646,85],{"class":84},[52,59648,59649],{"class":88},"mixed",[52,59651,329],{"class":84},[20,59653,59654],{},[3865,59655,135],{},[43,59657,59659],{"className":45,"code":59658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59660,59661,59677,59705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59662,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59664,4021],{"class":84},[52,59666,3106],{"class":608},[52,59668,318],{"class":84},[52,59670,3111],{"class":608},[52,59672,318],{"class":84},[52,59674,609],{"class":608},[52,59676,3757],{"class":84},[52,59678,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59680,4021],{"class":84},[52,59682,1888],{"class":66},[52,59684,13003],{"class":70},[52,59686,1888],{"class":66},[52,59688,318],{"class":84},[52,59690,3416],{"class":66},[52,59692,36067],{"class":70},[52,59694,1888],{"class":66},[52,59696,318],{"class":84},[52,59698,3416],{"class":66},[52,59700,36076],{"class":70},[52,59702,1888],{"class":66},[52,59704,3757],{"class":84},[52,59706,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59708,4021],{"class":84},[52,59710,2448],{"class":608},[52,59712,318],{"class":84},[52,59714,3416],{"class":66},[52,59716,266],{"class":70},[52,59718,1888],{"class":66},[52,59720,318],{"class":84},[52,59722,4028],{"class":145},[52,59724,3757],{"class":84},[412,59726,59728],{"id":59727},"key-points","Key points",[176,59730,59731,59736,59738],{},[179,59732,154,59733,59735],{},[15,59734,3910],{}," to make a new list",[179,59737,15557],{},[179,59739,59740],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[38,59742,59744],{"id":59743},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59746,59747],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[43,59749,59751],{"className":45,"code":59750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59752,59753,59761,59765,59775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59754,59755,59757,59759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59756,8432],{"class":58},[52,59758,63],{"class":62},[52,59760,7963],{"class":84},[52,59762,59763],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59764,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,59766,59767,59769,59771,59773],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59768,81],{"class":80},[52,59770,85],{"class":84},[52,59772,8463],{"class":88},[52,59774,329],{"class":84},[52,59776,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,59778,81],{"class":80},[52,59780,85],{"class":84},[52,59782,11284],{"class":80},[52,59784,85],{"class":84},[52,59786,8463],{"class":88},[52,59788,108],{"class":84},[20,59790,59791],{},[3865,59792,135],{},[43,59794,59796],{"className":45,"code":59795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[]\n0\n",[15,59797,59798,59802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59799,59800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59801,38423],{"class":84},[52,59803,59804],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59805,47375],{"class":608},[20,59807,59808],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[43,59810,59812],{"className":45,"code":59811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59813,59814,59822,59826,59844,59862,59880,59884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59815,59816,59818,59820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59817,5118],{"class":58},[52,59819,63],{"class":62},[52,59821,7963],{"class":84},[52,59823,59824],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59825,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,59827,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,59829,5162],{"class":58},[52,59831,92],{"class":84},[52,59833,13677],{"class":88},[52,59835,85],{"class":84},[52,59837,100],{"class":66},[52,59839,13003],{"class":70},[52,59841,100],{"class":66},[52,59843,329],{"class":84},[52,59845,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,59847,5162],{"class":58},[52,59849,92],{"class":84},[52,59851,13677],{"class":88},[52,59853,85],{"class":84},[52,59855,100],{"class":66},[52,59857,36067],{"class":70},[52,59859,100],{"class":66},[52,59861,329],{"class":84},[52,59863,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,59865,5162],{"class":58},[52,59867,92],{"class":84},[52,59869,13677],{"class":88},[52,59871,85],{"class":84},[52,59873,100],{"class":66},[52,59875,36076],{"class":70},[52,59877,100],{"class":66},[52,59879,329],{"class":84},[52,59881,59882],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,59883,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,59885,59886,59888,59890,59892],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,59887,81],{"class":80},[52,59889,85],{"class":84},[52,59891,5162],{"class":88},[52,59893,329],{"class":84},[20,59895,59896],{},[3865,59897,135],{},[43,59899,59901],{"className":45,"code":59900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59902,59903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59904,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59906,4021],{"class":84},[52,59908,1888],{"class":66},[52,59910,13003],{"class":70},[52,59912,1888],{"class":66},[52,59914,318],{"class":84},[52,59916,3416],{"class":66},[52,59918,36067],{"class":70},[52,59920,1888],{"class":66},[52,59922,318],{"class":84},[52,59924,3416],{"class":66},[52,59926,36076],{"class":70},[52,59928,1888],{"class":66},[52,59930,3757],{"class":84},[20,59932,59933,59934,92],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[289,59935,59936,1441],{"href":56891},[15,59937,52775],{},[38,59939,59941,59942],{"id":59940},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59943,24907],{},[20,59945,154,59946,59948],{},[15,59947,24907],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59950,5580],{},[176,59952,59953,59955,59957,59959],{},[179,59954,5432],{},[179,59956,5426],{},[179,59958,5429],{},[179,59960,59961],{},[15,59962,36323],{},[412,59964,59966],{"id":59965},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[43,59968,59970],{"className":45,"code":59969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59971,59972,59990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59973,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59975,36215],{"class":58},[52,59977,63],{"class":62},[52,59979,22686],{"class":1929},[52,59981,85],{"class":84},[52,59983,100],{"class":66},[52,59985,41687],{"class":70},[52,59987,100],{"class":66},[52,59989,329],{"class":84},[52,59991,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,59993,81],{"class":80},[52,59995,85],{"class":84},[52,59997,36268],{"class":88},[52,59999,329],{"class":84},[20,60001,60002],{},[3865,60003,135],{},[43,60005,60006],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60007,60008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60011,4021],{"class":84},[52,60013,1888],{"class":66},[52,60015,289],{"class":70},[52,60017,1888],{"class":66},[52,60019,318],{"class":84},[52,60021,3416],{"class":66},[52,60023,4883],{"class":70},[52,60025,1888],{"class":66},[52,60027,318],{"class":84},[52,60029,3416],{"class":66},[52,60031,9860],{"class":70},[52,60033,1888],{"class":66},[52,60035,3757],{"class":84},[412,60037,60039],{"id":60038},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[43,60041,60043],{"className":45,"code":60042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60044,60045,60067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60048,3739],{"class":58},[52,60050,63],{"class":62},[52,60052,22686],{"class":1929},[52,60054,519],{"class":84},[52,60056,3106],{"class":608},[52,60058,318],{"class":84},[52,60060,3111],{"class":608},[52,60062,318],{"class":84},[52,60064,609],{"class":608},[52,60066,108],{"class":84},[52,60068,60069,60071,60073,60075],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60070,81],{"class":80},[52,60072,85],{"class":84},[52,60074,3771],{"class":88},[52,60076,329],{"class":84},[20,60078,60079],{},[3865,60080,135],{},[43,60082,60083],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60084,60085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60088,4021],{"class":84},[52,60090,3106],{"class":608},[52,60092,318],{"class":84},[52,60094,3111],{"class":608},[52,60096,318],{"class":84},[52,60098,609],{"class":608},[52,60100,3757],{"class":84},[412,60102,60104],{"id":60103},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[43,60106,60108],{"className":45,"code":60107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60109,60110,60129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60111,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60123,60125,60127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60113,3946],{"class":58},[52,60115,63],{"class":62},[52,60117,22686],{"class":1929},[52,60119,85],{"class":84},[52,60121,60122],{"class":80},"range",[52,60124,85],{"class":84},[52,60126,2252],{"class":608},[52,60128,108],{"class":84},[52,60130,60131,60133,60135,60137],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60132,81],{"class":80},[52,60134,85],{"class":84},[52,60136,5482],{"class":88},[52,60138,329],{"class":84},[20,60140,60141],{},[3865,60142,135],{},[43,60144,60146],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60147,60148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60149,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60151,4021],{"class":84},[52,60153,2235],{"class":608},[52,60155,318],{"class":84},[52,60157,5621],{"class":608},[52,60159,318],{"class":84},[52,60161,3111],{"class":608},[52,60163,318],{"class":84},[52,60165,609],{"class":608},[52,60167,318],{"class":84},[52,60169,2575],{"class":608},[52,60171,3757],{"class":84},[20,60173,60174,60176,60177,92],{},[15,60175,24907],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[289,60178,60180,60182],{"href":60179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60181,24907],{},": Function Explained",[38,60184,60186],{"id":60185},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60188,60189],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60191,60192],{},"Examples include:",[176,60194,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203],{},[179,60196,5432],{},[179,60198,40550],{},[179,60200,52169],{},[179,60202,40720],{},[179,60204,60205],{},"other lists",[43,60207,60209],{"className":45,"code":60208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60210,60211,60249,60253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60212,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60214,9286],{"class":58},[52,60216,63],{"class":62},[52,60218,3744],{"class":84},[52,60220,100],{"class":66},[52,60222,13003],{"class":70},[52,60224,100],{"class":66},[52,60226,318],{"class":84},[52,60228,9426],{"class":608},[52,60230,318],{"class":84},[52,60232,4037],{"class":145},[52,60234,318],{"class":84},[52,60236,3744],{"class":84},[52,60238,3106],{"class":608},[52,60240,318],{"class":84},[52,60242,3111],{"class":608},[52,60244,318],{"class":84},[52,60246,609],{"class":608},[52,60248,53364],{"class":84},[52,60250,60251],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60252,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,60254,60255,60257,60259,60261],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,60256,81],{"class":80},[52,60258,85],{"class":84},[52,60260,9325],{"class":88},[52,60262,329],{"class":84},[20,60264,60265],{},[3865,60266,135],{},[43,60268,60270],{"className":45,"code":60269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60271,60272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60273,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60275,4021],{"class":84},[52,60277,1888],{"class":66},[52,60279,13003],{"class":70},[52,60281,1888],{"class":66},[52,60283,318],{"class":84},[52,60285,9426],{"class":608},[52,60287,318],{"class":84},[52,60289,4037],{"class":145},[52,60291,318],{"class":84},[52,60293,3744],{"class":84},[52,60295,3106],{"class":608},[52,60297,318],{"class":84},[52,60299,3111],{"class":608},[52,60301,318],{"class":84},[52,60303,609],{"class":608},[52,60305,53364],{"class":84},[20,60307,60308,60309,92],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3865,60310,60311],{},"nested list",[20,60313,60314],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[38,60316,4640],{"id":4639},[20,60318,60319],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[412,60321,60323],{"id":60322},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60325,60326],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[43,60328,60330],{"className":45,"code":60329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60331,60332,60336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60333,60334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60335,4656],{"class":1479},[52,60337,60338,60340,60342,60344,60346,60348,60350],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60339,3739],{"class":58},[52,60341,63],{"class":62},[52,60343,3744],{"class":84},[52,60345,3106],{"class":608},[52,60347,3111],{"class":608},[52,60349,609],{"class":608},[52,60351,3757],{"class":84},[20,60353,10929],{},[43,60355,60357],{"className":45,"code":60356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60358,60359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60360,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60362,3739],{"class":58},[52,60364,63],{"class":62},[52,60366,3744],{"class":84},[52,60368,3106],{"class":608},[52,60370,318],{"class":84},[52,60372,3111],{"class":608},[52,60374,318],{"class":84},[52,60376,609],{"class":608},[52,60378,3757],{"class":84},[412,60380,1828,60382,11214,60384],{"id":60381},"using-instead-of",[15,60383,7489],{},[15,60385,3910],{},[20,60387,60388],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[43,60390,60392],{"className":45,"code":60391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60393,60394,60415,60419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60395,60396,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60397,60398],{"class":58},"my_values ",[52,60400,63],{"class":62},[52,60402,1370],{"class":84},[52,60404,3106],{"class":608},[52,60406,318],{"class":84},[52,60408,3111],{"class":608},[52,60410,318],{"class":84},[52,60412,609],{"class":608},[52,60414,329],{"class":84},[52,60416,60417],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60418,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,60420,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60432],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,60422,81],{"class":80},[52,60424,85],{"class":84},[52,60426,1930],{"class":1929},[52,60428,85],{"class":84},[52,60430,60431],{"class":88},"my_values",[52,60433,108],{"class":84},[20,60435,60436],{},[3865,60437,135],{},[43,60439,60441],{"className":45,"code":60440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60442,60443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60444,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60446,3410],{"class":62},[52,60448,3413],{"class":2180},[52,60450,3416],{"class":66},[52,60452,49077],{"class":70},[52,60454,1888],{"class":66},[52,60456,3423],{"class":62},[20,60458,60459],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[43,60461,60463],{"className":45,"code":60462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60464,60465,60485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60466,60467,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60468,60398],{"class":58},[52,60470,63],{"class":62},[52,60472,3744],{"class":84},[52,60474,3106],{"class":608},[52,60476,318],{"class":84},[52,60478,3111],{"class":608},[52,60480,318],{"class":84},[52,60482,609],{"class":608},[52,60484,3757],{"class":84},[52,60486,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60488,81],{"class":80},[52,60490,85],{"class":84},[52,60492,1930],{"class":1929},[52,60494,85],{"class":84},[52,60496,60431],{"class":88},[52,60498,108],{"class":84},[412,60500,1725,60502,60505],{"id":60501},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60503,60504],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60507,60508,60510],{},[15,60509,24907],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[43,60512,60514],{"className":45,"code":60513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60515,60516,60534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60517,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530,60532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60519,2346],{"class":58},[52,60521,63],{"class":62},[52,60523,22686],{"class":1929},[52,60525,85],{"class":84},[52,60527,100],{"class":66},[52,60529,214],{"class":70},[52,60531,100],{"class":66},[52,60533,329],{"class":84},[52,60535,60536,60538,60540,60542],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60537,81],{"class":80},[52,60539,85],{"class":84},[52,60541,2381],{"class":88},[52,60543,329],{"class":84},[20,60545,60546],{},[3865,60547,135],{},[43,60549,60551],{"className":45,"code":60550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60552,60553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60554,60555,60557,60559,60562,60564,60566,60568,60571,60573,60575,60577,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607,60609,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622,60624,60626,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60556,4021],{"class":84},[52,60558,1888],{"class":66},[52,60560,60561],{"class":70},"h",[52,60563,1888],{"class":66},[52,60565,318],{"class":84},[52,60567,3416],{"class":66},[52,60569,60570],{"class":70},"e",[52,60572,1888],{"class":66},[52,60574,318],{"class":84},[52,60576,3416],{"class":66},[52,60578,60579],{"class":70},"l",[52,60581,1888],{"class":66},[52,60583,318],{"class":84},[52,60585,3416],{"class":66},[52,60587,60579],{"class":70},[52,60589,1888],{"class":66},[52,60591,318],{"class":84},[52,60593,3416],{"class":66},[52,60595,60596],{"class":70},"o",[52,60598,1888],{"class":66},[52,60600,318],{"class":84},[52,60602,3416],{"class":66},[52,60604,3416],{"class":66},[52,60606,318],{"class":84},[52,60608,3416],{"class":66},[52,60610,60611],{"class":70},"w",[52,60613,1888],{"class":66},[52,60615,318],{"class":84},[52,60617,3416],{"class":66},[52,60619,60596],{"class":70},[52,60621,1888],{"class":66},[52,60623,318],{"class":84},[52,60625,3416],{"class":66},[52,60627,60628],{"class":70},"r",[52,60630,1888],{"class":66},[52,60632,318],{"class":84},[52,60634,3416],{"class":66},[52,60636,60579],{"class":70},[52,60638,1888],{"class":66},[52,60640,318],{"class":84},[52,60642,3416],{"class":66},[52,60644,18893],{"class":70},[52,60646,1888],{"class":66},[52,60648,3757],{"class":84},[20,60650,60651,60652,60655],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60653,60654],{},"split()"," instead:",[43,60657,60659],{"className":45,"code":60658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60660,60661,60679],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60662,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60664,4190],{"class":58},[52,60666,63],{"class":62},[52,60668,67],{"class":66},[52,60670,214],{"class":70},[52,60672,100],{"class":66},[52,60674,92],{"class":84},[52,60676,34595],{"class":88},[52,60678,8763],{"class":84},[52,60680,60681,60683,60685,60687],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60682,81],{"class":80},[52,60684,85],{"class":84},[52,60686,4234],{"class":88},[52,60688,329],{"class":84},[20,60690,60691],{},[3865,60692,135],{},[43,60694,60696],{"className":45,"code":60695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60697,60698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60699,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714,60716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60701,4021],{"class":84},[52,60703,1888],{"class":66},[52,60705,266],{"class":70},[52,60707,1888],{"class":66},[52,60709,318],{"class":84},[52,60711,3416],{"class":66},[52,60713,242],{"class":70},[52,60715,1888],{"class":66},[52,60717,3757],{"class":84},[412,60719,60721],{"id":60720},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60723,60724],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[43,60726,60728],{"className":45,"code":60727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60729,60730,60734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60731,60732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60733,4656],{"class":1479},[52,60735,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60755,60757,60759,60761],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60737,5118],{"class":58},[52,60739,63],{"class":62},[52,60741,3744],{"class":84},[52,60743,100],{"class":66},[52,60745,13003],{"class":70},[52,60747,100],{"class":66},[52,60749,318],{"class":84},[52,60751,67],{"class":66},[52,60753,60754],{"class":70},"Ben', ",[52,60756,100],{"class":66},[52,60758,36076],{"class":58},[52,60760,100],{"class":66},[52,60762,3757],{"class":70},[20,60764,60765],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[43,60767,60769],{"className":45,"code":60768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60770,60771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60772,60773,60775,60777,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60774,5118],{"class":58},[52,60776,63],{"class":62},[52,60778,3744],{"class":84},[52,60780,100],{"class":66},[52,60782,13003],{"class":70},[52,60784,100],{"class":66},[52,60786,318],{"class":84},[52,60788,67],{"class":66},[52,60790,36067],{"class":70},[52,60792,100],{"class":66},[52,60794,318],{"class":84},[52,60796,67],{"class":66},[52,60798,36076],{"class":70},[52,60800,100],{"class":66},[52,60802,3757],{"class":84},[412,60804,60806],{"id":60805},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60808,60809],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[176,60811,60812,60815,60818,60823],{},[179,60813,60814],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[179,60816,60817],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[179,60819,60820,60821],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60822,24907],{},[179,60824,1725,60825,60828],{},[15,60826,60827],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[412,60830,60832],{"id":60831},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[43,60834,60836],{"className":45,"code":60835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60837,60838,60848,60862,60876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60839,60840,60842,60844,60846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60841,81],{"class":80},[52,60843,85],{"class":84},[52,60845,8463],{"class":88},[52,60847,329],{"class":84},[52,60849,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,60851,81],{"class":80},[52,60853,85],{"class":84},[52,60855,1930],{"class":1929},[52,60857,85],{"class":84},[52,60859,8463],{"class":88},[52,60861,108],{"class":84},[52,60863,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,60865,81],{"class":80},[52,60867,85],{"class":84},[52,60869,11284],{"class":80},[52,60871,85],{"class":84},[52,60873,8463],{"class":88},[52,60875,108],{"class":84},[52,60877,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,60879,81],{"class":80},[52,60881,85],{"class":84},[52,60883,8217],{"class":1929},[52,60885,85],{"class":84},[52,60887,60122],{"class":80},[52,60889,85],{"class":84},[52,60891,2252],{"class":608},[52,60893,546],{"class":84},[20,60895,26134],{},[176,60897,60898,60901,60904,60907],{},[179,60899,60900],{},"what the list contains",[179,60902,60903],{},"whether the value is really a list",[179,60905,60906],{},"how many items it has",[179,60908,26145,60909,60911,60912],{},[15,60910,24907],{}," does with ",[15,60913,36323],{},[38,60915,60917],{"id":60916},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60919,60920],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60922,60923],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[176,60925,60926,60941,60946],{},[179,60927,154,60928,2305,60932,17198,60936,60940],{},[289,60929,60930],{"href":56891},[15,60931,52775],{},[289,60933,60934],{"href":53466},[15,60935,53568],{},[289,60937,60938],{"href":54030},[15,60939,54390],{}," to add items later",[179,60942,154,60943,60945],{},[289,60944,59519],{"href":51102}," for a broader introduction",[179,60947,154,60948,60952],{},[289,60949,60950,60182],{"href":60179},[15,60951,24907],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[38,60954,1940],{"id":1939},[412,60956,60958],{"id":60957},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60960,60961],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[43,60963,60964],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60965,60966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60967,60968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60969,38423],{"class":84},[412,60971,60973],{"id":60972},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60975,60976],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[43,60978,60979],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60980,60981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60982,60983,60985,60987,60989,60991,60993,60995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60984,4021],{"class":84},[52,60986,3106],{"class":608},[52,60988,318],{"class":84},[52,60990,3111],{"class":608},[52,60992,318],{"class":84},[52,60994,609],{"class":608},[52,60996,3757],{"class":84},[412,60998,5266,61000,61002],{"id":60999},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61001,24907],{}," do in Python?",[20,61004,61005,61006,61008],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61007,36323],{},", into a list.",[412,61010,61012],{"id":61011},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61014,61015],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[412,61017,1987,61019,342,61021,1993],{"id":61018},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61020,3910],{},[15,61022,7489],{},[20,61024,61025,61027,61028,61030],{},[15,61026,3910],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61029,7489],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[38,61032,2005],{"id":2004},[176,61034,61035,61039,61045,61051,61057,61063,61067],{},[179,61036,61037],{},[289,61038,59519],{"href":51102},[179,61040,61041],{},[289,61042,55642,61043,18],{"href":56891},[15,61044,52775],{},[179,61046,61047],{},[289,61048,55642,61049,18],{"href":53466},[15,61050,53568],{},[179,61052,61053],{},[289,61054,55642,61055,18],{"href":54030},[15,61056,54390],{},[179,61058,61059],{},[289,61060,3696,61061,3700],{"href":60179},[15,61062,24907],{},[179,61064,61065],{},[289,61066,59522],{"href":58617},[179,61068,61069],{},[289,61070,61071],{"href":12188},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61073,61074,61075,61077],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61076,52775],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2035,61079,61080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":61082},[61083,61084,61085,61086,61089,61090,61096,61097,61107,61108,61117],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":15286,"depth":77,"text":15287},{"id":59414,"depth":77,"text":59415},{"id":59525,"depth":77,"text":59526,"children":61087},[61088],{"id":59727,"depth":111,"text":59728},{"id":59743,"depth":77,"text":59744},{"id":59940,"depth":77,"text":61091,"children":61092},"Create a list with list()",[61093,61094,61095],{"id":59965,"depth":111,"text":59966},{"id":60038,"depth":111,"text":60039},{"id":60103,"depth":111,"text":60104},{"id":60185,"depth":77,"text":60186},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":61098},[61099,61100,61102,61104,61105,61106],{"id":60322,"depth":111,"text":60323},{"id":60381,"depth":111,"text":61101},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60501,"depth":111,"text":61103},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60720,"depth":111,"text":60721},{"id":60805,"depth":111,"text":60806},{"id":60831,"depth":111,"text":60832},{"id":60916,"depth":77,"text":60917},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":61109},[61110,61111,61112,61114,61115],{"id":60957,"depth":111,"text":60958},{"id":60972,"depth":111,"text":60973},{"id":60999,"depth":111,"text":61113},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61011,"depth":111,"text":61012},{"id":61018,"depth":111,"text":61116},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59156,"description":61118},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61125,"title":61126,"body":61127,"description":62867,"extension":2078,"meta":62868,"navigation":221,"path":62869,"seo":62870,"stem":62871,"__hash__":62872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61128,"toc":62822},[61129,61134,61139,61142,61144,61215,61220,61225,61229,61243,61248,61250,61270,61275,61278,61300,61304,61309,61401,61403,61425,61431,61437,61444,61451,61457,61514,61520,61578,61580,61592,61600,61606,61611,61615,61672,61675,61679,61738,61741,61745,61803,61815,61819,61872,61875,61879,61885,61891,61953,61956,62017,62020,62076,62081,62083,62087,62094,62155,62160,62169,62225,62232,62236,62294,62303,62361,62365,62400,62404,62414,62417,62472,62486,62489,62604,62609,62613,62624,62626,62705,62715,62717,62722,62727,62734,62742,62748,62751,62757,62760,62766,62772,62774,62810,62819],[10,61130,54464,61132,18],{"id":61131},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61133,53568],{},[20,61135,61136,61138],{},[15,61137,53469],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61140,61141],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[38,61143,41],{"id":40},[43,61145,61147],{"className":45,"code":61146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61148,61149,61165,61182,61186,61201,61211],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61150,61151,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161,61163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61152,3739],{"class":58},[52,61154,63],{"class":62},[52,61156,3744],{"class":84},[52,61158,3106],{"class":608},[52,61160,318],{"class":84},[52,61162,3111],{"class":608},[52,61164,3757],{"class":84},[52,61166,61167,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61168,61169],{"class":58},"more_numbers ",[52,61171,63],{"class":62},[52,61173,3744],{"class":84},[52,61175,627],{"class":608},[52,61177,318],{"class":84},[52,61179,2575],{"class":608},[52,61181,3757],{"class":84},[52,61183,61184],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61185,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61187,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61199],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61189,3771],{"class":58},[52,61191,92],{"class":84},[52,61193,53598],{"class":88},[52,61195,85],{"class":84},[52,61197,61198],{"class":88},"more_numbers",[52,61200,329],{"class":84},[52,61202,61203,61205,61207,61209],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61204,81],{"class":80},[52,61206,85],{"class":84},[52,61208,3771],{"class":88},[52,61210,329],{"class":84},[52,61212,61213],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,61214,52845],{"class":1479},[20,61216,154,61217,61219],{},[15,61218,53568],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[38,61221,166,61223,169],{"id":61222},"what-listextend-does",[15,61224,53469],{},[20,61226,61227,174],{},[15,61228,53568],{},[176,61230,61231,61234,61236,61239],{},[179,61232,61233],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[179,61235,54550],{},[179,61237,61238],{},"Does not create a new list",[179,61240,184,61241],{},[15,61242,3901],{},[20,61244,61245,61246,53923],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61247,53568],{},[38,61249,296],{"id":295},[43,61251,61253],{"className":45,"code":61252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61254,61255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61256,61257,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61258,61259],{"class":58},"list_name",[52,61261,92],{"class":84},[52,61263,53598],{"class":88},[52,61265,85],{"class":84},[52,61267,3842],{"class":88},[52,61269,329],{"class":84},[20,61271,5575,61272,61274],{},[3865,61273,3842],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61276,61277],{},"Common iterables include:",[176,61279,61280,61284,61288,61292,61296],{},[179,61281,61282],{},[15,61283,8217],{},[179,61285,61286],{},[15,61287,49077],{},[179,61289,61290],{},[15,61291,6410],{},[179,61293,61294],{},[15,61295,306],{},[179,61297,61298],{},[15,61299,60122],{},[38,61301,61303],{"id":61302},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61305,61306,61307,174],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61308,53568],{},[43,61310,61312],{"className":45,"code":61311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61313,61314,61338,61363,61367,61382,61386,61396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61315,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61317,36364],{"class":58},[52,61319,63],{"class":62},[52,61321,3744],{"class":84},[52,61323,100],{"class":66},[52,61325,4199],{"class":70},[52,61327,100],{"class":66},[52,61329,318],{"class":84},[52,61331,67],{"class":66},[52,61333,4208],{"class":70},[52,61335,100],{"class":66},[52,61337,3757],{"class":84},[52,61339,61340,61343,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61341,61342],{"class":58},"more_fruits ",[52,61344,63],{"class":62},[52,61346,3744],{"class":84},[52,61348,100],{"class":66},[52,61350,33347],{"class":70},[52,61352,100],{"class":66},[52,61354,318],{"class":84},[52,61356,67],{"class":66},[52,61358,22659],{"class":70},[52,61360,100],{"class":66},[52,61362,3757],{"class":84},[52,61364,61365],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61366,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61368,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377,61380],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61370,36416],{"class":58},[52,61372,92],{"class":84},[52,61374,53598],{"class":88},[52,61376,85],{"class":84},[52,61378,61379],{"class":88},"more_fruits",[52,61381,329],{"class":84},[52,61383,61384],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61385,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61387,61388,61390,61392,61394],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,61389,81],{"class":80},[52,61391,85],{"class":84},[52,61393,36416],{"class":88},[52,61395,329],{"class":84},[52,61397,61398],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,61399,61400],{"class":1479},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61402,11806],{},[176,61404,61405,61410,61415],{},[179,61406,61407,61409],{},[15,61408,36416],{}," starts with two items",[179,61411,61412,61414],{},[15,61413,61379],{}," has two more items",[179,61416,61417,61419,61420,61422,61423],{},[15,61418,53568],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61421,61379],{}," to ",[15,61424,36416],{},[20,61426,61427,61428,61430],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61429,36416],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61432,54689,61433,342,61435,92],{},[289,61434,52893],{"href":51102},[289,61436,57277],{"href":57276},[38,61438,61440,10707,61442],{"id":61439},"extend-vs-append",[15,61441,53568],{},[15,61443,52775],{},[20,61445,61446,342,61448,61450],{},[15,61447,53568],{},[15,61449,52775],{}," are often confused.",[412,61452,61454,61456],{"id":61453},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61455,53568],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[43,61458,61460],{"className":45,"code":61459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61461,61462,61478,61496,61500,61510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61463,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61465,3739],{"class":58},[52,61467,63],{"class":62},[52,61469,3744],{"class":84},[52,61471,3106],{"class":608},[52,61473,318],{"class":84},[52,61475,3111],{"class":608},[52,61477,3757],{"class":84},[52,61479,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61481,3771],{"class":58},[52,61483,92],{"class":84},[52,61485,53598],{"class":88},[52,61487,3103],{"class":84},[52,61489,627],{"class":608},[52,61491,318],{"class":84},[52,61493,2575],{"class":608},[52,61495,4009],{"class":84},[52,61497,61498],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61499,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61501,61502,61504,61506,61508],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61503,81],{"class":80},[52,61505,85],{"class":84},[52,61507,3771],{"class":88},[52,61509,329],{"class":84},[52,61511,61512],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61513,52845],{"class":1479},[412,61515,61517,61519],{"id":61516},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61518,52775],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[43,61521,61523],{"className":45,"code":61522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61524,61525,61541,61559,61563,61573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61526,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61528,3739],{"class":58},[52,61530,63],{"class":62},[52,61532,3744],{"class":84},[52,61534,3106],{"class":608},[52,61536,318],{"class":84},[52,61538,3111],{"class":608},[52,61540,3757],{"class":84},[52,61542,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555,61557],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61544,3771],{"class":58},[52,61546,92],{"class":84},[52,61548,13677],{"class":88},[52,61550,3103],{"class":84},[52,61552,627],{"class":608},[52,61554,318],{"class":84},[52,61556,2575],{"class":608},[52,61558,4009],{"class":84},[52,61560,61561],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61562,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61566,81],{"class":80},[52,61568,85],{"class":84},[52,61570,3771],{"class":88},[52,61572,329],{"class":84},[52,61574,61575],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61576,61577],{"class":1479},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61579,18820],{},[176,61581,61582,61587],{},[179,61583,61584,61586],{},[15,61585,53568],{}," to combine values",[179,61588,61589,61591],{},[15,61590,52775],{}," to add one item",[20,61593,42218,61594,342,61598,92],{},[289,61595,55642,61596,1441],{"href":56891},[15,61597,52775],{},[289,61599,53171],{"href":53170},[38,61601,1828,61603,61605],{"id":61602},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61604,53568],{}," with different iterables",[20,61607,61608,61610],{},[15,61609,53568],{}," works with more than just lists.",[412,61612,61614],{"id":61613},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[43,61616,61618],{"className":45,"code":61617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61619,61620,61636,61654,61658,61668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61621,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61623,3946],{"class":58},[52,61625,63],{"class":62},[52,61627,3744],{"class":84},[52,61629,3106],{"class":608},[52,61631,318],{"class":84},[52,61633,3111],{"class":608},[52,61635,3757],{"class":84},[52,61637,61638,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61639,5482],{"class":58},[52,61641,92],{"class":84},[52,61643,53598],{"class":88},[52,61645,519],{"class":84},[52,61647,627],{"class":608},[52,61649,318],{"class":84},[52,61651,2575],{"class":608},[52,61653,108],{"class":84},[52,61655,61656],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61657,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61659,61660,61662,61664,61666],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61661,81],{"class":80},[52,61663,85],{"class":84},[52,61665,5482],{"class":88},[52,61667,329],{"class":84},[52,61669,61670],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61671,52845],{"class":1479},[20,61673,61674],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[412,61676,61678],{"id":61677},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[43,61680,61682],{"className":45,"code":61681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61683,61684,61700,61719,61723,61733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61685,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61687,36215],{"class":58},[52,61689,63],{"class":62},[52,61691,3744],{"class":84},[52,61693,100],{"class":66},[52,61695,289],{"class":70},[52,61697,100],{"class":66},[52,61699,3757],{"class":84},[52,61701,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712,61715,61717],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61703,36268],{"class":58},[52,61705,92],{"class":84},[52,61707,53598],{"class":88},[52,61709,85],{"class":84},[52,61711,100],{"class":66},[52,61713,61714],{"class":70},"bc",[52,61716,100],{"class":66},[52,61718,329],{"class":84},[52,61720,61721],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61722,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61724,61725,61727,61729,61731],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61726,81],{"class":80},[52,61728,85],{"class":84},[52,61730,36268],{"class":88},[52,61732,329],{"class":84},[52,61734,61735],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61736,61737],{"class":1479},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61739,61740],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[412,61742,61744],{"id":61743},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[43,61746,61748],{"className":45,"code":61747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61749,61750,61762,61784,61788,61798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61751,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61753,3739],{"class":58},[52,61755,63],{"class":62},[52,61757,3744],{"class":84},[52,61759,2235],{"class":608},[52,61761,3757],{"class":84},[52,61763,61764,61766,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61765,3771],{"class":58},[52,61767,92],{"class":84},[52,61769,53598],{"class":88},[52,61771,85],{"class":84},[52,61773,60122],{"class":80},[52,61775,85],{"class":84},[52,61777,3106],{"class":608},[52,61779,318],{"class":84},[52,61781,2575],{"class":608},[52,61783,108],{"class":84},[52,61785,61786],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61787,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61789,61790,61792,61794,61796],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61791,81],{"class":80},[52,61793,85],{"class":84},[52,61795,3771],{"class":88},[52,61797,329],{"class":84},[52,61799,61800],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61801,61802],{"class":1479},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61804,61805,61808,61809,2305,61811,17198,61813,92],{},[15,61806,61807],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61810,3106],{},[15,61812,2172],{},[15,61814,627],{},[412,61816,61818],{"id":61817},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[43,61820,61822],{"className":45,"code":61821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61823,61824,61840,61858,61862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61825,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61827,7903],{"class":58},[52,61829,63],{"class":62},[52,61831,3744],{"class":84},[52,61833,3106],{"class":608},[52,61835,318],{"class":84},[52,61837,3111],{"class":608},[52,61839,3757],{"class":84},[52,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61843,7934],{"class":58},[52,61845,92],{"class":84},[52,61847,53598],{"class":88},[52,61849,5652],{"class":84},[52,61851,627],{"class":608},[52,61853,318],{"class":84},[52,61855,2575],{"class":608},[52,61857,30622],{"class":84},[52,61859,61860],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61861,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61863,61864,61866,61868,61870],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61865,81],{"class":80},[52,61867,85],{"class":84},[52,61869,7934],{"class":88},[52,61871,329],{"class":84},[20,61873,61874],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[38,61876,61878],{"id":61877},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61880,61881,2515,61883,92],{},[15,61882,53568],{},[15,61884,3901],{},[20,61886,61887,61888,174],{},"That means this is ",[3865,61889,61890],{},"wrong",[43,61892,61894],{"className":45,"code":61893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61895,61896,61912,61934,61938,61948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61899,3739],{"class":58},[52,61901,63],{"class":62},[52,61903,3744],{"class":84},[52,61905,3106],{"class":608},[52,61907,318],{"class":84},[52,61909,3111],{"class":608},[52,61911,3757],{"class":84},[52,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61915,2346],{"class":58},[52,61917,63],{"class":62},[52,61919,4384],{"class":58},[52,61921,92],{"class":84},[52,61923,53598],{"class":88},[52,61925,3103],{"class":84},[52,61927,627],{"class":608},[52,61929,318],{"class":84},[52,61931,2575],{"class":608},[52,61933,4009],{"class":84},[52,61935,61936],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,61937,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,61939,61940,61942,61944,61946],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,61941,81],{"class":80},[52,61943,85],{"class":84},[52,61945,2381],{"class":88},[52,61947,329],{"class":84},[52,61949,61950],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,61951,61952],{"class":1479},"# None\n",[20,61954,61955],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[43,61957,61959],{"className":45,"code":61958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61960,61961,61977,61999,62003,62013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61962,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61964,3739],{"class":58},[52,61966,63],{"class":62},[52,61968,3744],{"class":84},[52,61970,3106],{"class":608},[52,61972,318],{"class":84},[52,61974,3111],{"class":608},[52,61976,3757],{"class":84},[52,61978,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991,61993,61995,61997],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,61980,3739],{"class":58},[52,61982,63],{"class":62},[52,61984,4384],{"class":58},[52,61986,92],{"class":84},[52,61988,53598],{"class":88},[52,61990,3103],{"class":84},[52,61992,627],{"class":608},[52,61994,318],{"class":84},[52,61996,2575],{"class":608},[52,61998,4009],{"class":84},[52,62000,62001],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62002,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62004,62005,62007,62009,62011],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62006,81],{"class":80},[52,62008,85],{"class":84},[52,62010,3771],{"class":88},[52,62012,329],{"class":84},[52,62014,62015],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62016,61952],{"class":1479},[20,62018,62019],{},"The correct way is:",[43,62021,62022],{"className":45,"code":61459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62023,62024,62040,62058,62062,62072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62027,3739],{"class":58},[52,62029,63],{"class":62},[52,62031,3744],{"class":84},[52,62033,3106],{"class":608},[52,62035,318],{"class":84},[52,62037,3111],{"class":608},[52,62039,3757],{"class":84},[52,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054,62056],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62043,3771],{"class":58},[52,62045,92],{"class":84},[52,62047,53598],{"class":88},[52,62049,3103],{"class":84},[52,62051,627],{"class":608},[52,62053,318],{"class":84},[52,62055,2575],{"class":608},[52,62057,4009],{"class":84},[52,62059,62060],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62061,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62063,62064,62066,62068,62070],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62065,81],{"class":80},[52,62067,85],{"class":84},[52,62069,3771],{"class":88},[52,62071,329],{"class":84},[52,62073,62074],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62075,52845],{"class":1479},[20,62077,56031,62078,62080],{},[15,62079,53568],{}," first, then use the original list.",[38,62082,4640],{"id":4639},[20,62084,14858,62085,92],{},[15,62086,53568],{},[412,62088,62090,62091,62093],{"id":62089},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62092,53568],{}," to return a new list",[43,62095,62097],{"className":45,"code":62096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62098,62099,62115,62137,62141,62151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62100,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62102,3739],{"class":58},[52,62104,63],{"class":62},[52,62106,3744],{"class":84},[52,62108,3106],{"class":608},[52,62110,318],{"class":84},[52,62112,3111],{"class":608},[52,62114,3757],{"class":84},[52,62116,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62118,55764],{"class":58},[52,62120,63],{"class":62},[52,62122,4384],{"class":58},[52,62124,92],{"class":84},[52,62126,53598],{"class":88},[52,62128,3103],{"class":84},[52,62130,627],{"class":608},[52,62132,318],{"class":84},[52,62134,2575],{"class":608},[52,62136,4009],{"class":84},[52,62138,62139],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62140,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62142,62143,62145,62147,62149],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62144,81],{"class":80},[52,62146,85],{"class":84},[52,62148,55783],{"class":88},[52,62150,329],{"class":84},[52,62152,62153],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62154,61952],{"class":1479},[20,62156,62157,62158,92],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62159,53568],{},[412,62161,62163,62164,1831,62166,62168],{"id":62162},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62165,52775],{},[15,62167,53568],{}," is needed",[43,62170,62171],{"className":45,"code":61522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62172,62173,62189,62207,62211,62221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62174,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62176,3739],{"class":58},[52,62178,63],{"class":62},[52,62180,3744],{"class":84},[52,62182,3106],{"class":608},[52,62184,318],{"class":84},[52,62186,3111],{"class":608},[52,62188,3757],{"class":84},[52,62190,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62192,3771],{"class":58},[52,62194,92],{"class":84},[52,62196,13677],{"class":88},[52,62198,3103],{"class":84},[52,62200,627],{"class":608},[52,62202,318],{"class":84},[52,62204,2575],{"class":608},[52,62206,4009],{"class":84},[52,62208,62209],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62210,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62212,62213,62215,62217,62219],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62214,81],{"class":80},[52,62216,85],{"class":84},[52,62218,3771],{"class":88},[52,62220,329],{"class":84},[52,62222,62223],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62224,61577],{"class":1479},[20,62226,62227,62228,54013,62230,6755],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62229,54012],{},[15,62231,53568],{},[412,62233,62235],{"id":62234},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[43,62237,62239],{"className":45,"code":62238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62240,62241,62257,62275,62279,62289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62242,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62244,4190],{"class":58},[52,62246,63],{"class":62},[52,62248,3744],{"class":84},[52,62250,100],{"class":66},[52,62252,266],{"class":70},[52,62254,100],{"class":66},[52,62256,3757],{"class":84},[52,62258,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62260,4234],{"class":58},[52,62262,92],{"class":84},[52,62264,53598],{"class":88},[52,62266,85],{"class":84},[52,62268,100],{"class":66},[52,62270,242],{"class":70},[52,62272,100],{"class":66},[52,62274,329],{"class":84},[52,62276,62277],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62278,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62280,62281,62283,62285,62287],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62282,81],{"class":80},[52,62284,85],{"class":84},[52,62286,4234],{"class":88},[52,62288,329],{"class":84},[52,62290,62291],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62292,62293],{"class":1479},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62295,62296,62297,62300,62301,174],{},"If you want ",[15,62298,62299],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62302,52775],{},[43,62304,62306],{"className":45,"code":62305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62307,62308,62324,62342,62346,62356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316,62318,62320,62322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62311,4190],{"class":58},[52,62313,63],{"class":62},[52,62315,3744],{"class":84},[52,62317,100],{"class":66},[52,62319,266],{"class":70},[52,62321,100],{"class":66},[52,62323,3757],{"class":84},[52,62325,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338,62340],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62327,4234],{"class":58},[52,62329,92],{"class":84},[52,62331,13677],{"class":88},[52,62333,85],{"class":84},[52,62335,100],{"class":66},[52,62337,242],{"class":70},[52,62339,100],{"class":66},[52,62341,329],{"class":84},[52,62343,62344],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62345,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62347,62348,62350,62352,62354],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62349,81],{"class":80},[52,62351,85],{"class":84},[52,62353,4234],{"class":88},[52,62355,329],{"class":84},[52,62357,62358],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62359,62360],{"class":1479},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[412,62362,62364],{"id":62363},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[43,62366,62368],{"className":45,"code":62367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62369,62370,62386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62371,62372,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62373,3739],{"class":58},[52,62375,63],{"class":62},[52,62377,3744],{"class":84},[52,62379,3106],{"class":608},[52,62381,318],{"class":84},[52,62383,3111],{"class":608},[52,62385,3757],{"class":84},[52,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62389,3771],{"class":58},[52,62391,92],{"class":84},[52,62393,53598],{"class":88},[52,62395,85],{"class":84},[52,62397,2252],{"class":608},[52,62399,329],{"class":84},[20,62401,39779,62402,6675],{},[15,62403,2252],{},[20,62405,62406,62407,62409,62410,62413],{},"You will get a ",[15,62408,3124],{},". See ",[289,62411,62412],{"href":52722},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62415,62416],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[43,62418,62420],{"className":45,"code":62419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62421,62422,62432,62446,62458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62423,62424,62426,62428,62430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62425,81],{"class":80},[52,62427,85],{"class":84},[52,62429,8463],{"class":88},[52,62431,329],{"class":84},[52,62433,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62435,81],{"class":80},[52,62437,85],{"class":84},[52,62439,1930],{"class":1929},[52,62441,85],{"class":84},[52,62443,5482],{"class":88},[52,62445,108],{"class":84},[52,62447,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62449,81],{"class":80},[52,62451,85],{"class":84},[52,62453,2381],{"class":88},[52,62455,3784],{"class":84},[52,62457,329],{"class":58},[52,62459,62460,62462,62464,62466,62468,62470],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62461,32278],{"class":80},[52,62463,85],{"class":84},[52,62465,8217],{"class":1929},[52,62467,92],{"class":84},[52,62469,53598],{"class":1803},[52,62471,329],{"class":84},[43705,62473,62474],{},[20,62475,62476,62477,62480,62481,62483,62484,92],{},"Note: ",[15,62478,62479],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62482,3784],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62485,33153],{},[20,62487,62488],{},"Correct debugging example:",[43,62490,62492],{"className":45,"code":62491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62493,62494,62510,62526,62530,62544,62548,62556,62566,62580,62590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62495,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504,62506,62508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62497,8432],{"class":58},[52,62499,63],{"class":62},[52,62501,3744],{"class":84},[52,62503,3106],{"class":608},[52,62505,318],{"class":84},[52,62507,3111],{"class":608},[52,62509,3757],{"class":84},[52,62511,62512,62514,62516,62518,62520,62522,62524],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62513,3946],{"class":58},[52,62515,63],{"class":62},[52,62517,3744],{"class":84},[52,62519,627],{"class":608},[52,62521,318],{"class":84},[52,62523,2575],{"class":608},[52,62525,3757],{"class":84},[52,62527,62528],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62529,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62531,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62533,8463],{"class":58},[52,62535,92],{"class":84},[52,62537,53598],{"class":88},[52,62539,85],{"class":84},[52,62541,5482],{"class":88},[52,62543,329],{"class":84},[52,62545,62546],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62547,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62549,62550,62552,62554],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,62551,2346],{"class":58},[52,62553,63],{"class":62},[52,62555,48651],{"class":145},[52,62557,62558,62560,62562,62564],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,62559,81],{"class":80},[52,62561,85],{"class":84},[52,62563,8463],{"class":88},[52,62565,329],{"class":84},[52,62567,62568,62570,62572,62574,62576,62578],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,62569,81],{"class":80},[52,62571,85],{"class":84},[52,62573,1930],{"class":1929},[52,62575,85],{"class":84},[52,62577,5482],{"class":88},[52,62579,108],{"class":84},[52,62581,62582,62584,62586,62588],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,62583,81],{"class":80},[52,62585,85],{"class":84},[52,62587,2381],{"class":88},[52,62589,329],{"class":84},[52,62591,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,62593,32278],{"class":80},[52,62595,85],{"class":84},[52,62597,8217],{"class":1929},[52,62599,92],{"class":84},[52,62601,53598],{"class":1803},[52,62603,329],{"class":84},[38,62605,5084,62607],{"id":62606},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62608,53568],{},[20,62610,154,62611,6441],{},[15,62612,53568],{},[176,62614,62615,62618,62621],{},[179,62616,62617],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[179,62619,62620],{},"Add multiple values at once",[179,62622,62623],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62625,5595],{},[43,62627,62629],{"className":45,"code":62628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62630,62631,62648,62666,62670,62686,62690,62700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62632,62633,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644,62646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62634,62635],{"class":58},"all_scores ",[52,62637,63],{"class":62},[52,62639,3744],{"class":84},[52,62641,13626],{"class":608},[52,62643,318],{"class":84},[52,62645,13631],{"class":608},[52,62647,3757],{"class":84},[52,62649,62650,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661,62664],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62651,62652],{"class":58},"new_scores ",[52,62654,63],{"class":62},[52,62656,3744],{"class":84},[52,62658,51628],{"class":608},[52,62660,318],{"class":84},[52,62662,62663],{"class":608}," 92",[52,62665,3757],{"class":84},[52,62667,62668],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62669,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62671,62672,62675,62677,62679,62681,62684],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62673,62674],{"class":58},"all_scores",[52,62676,92],{"class":84},[52,62678,53598],{"class":88},[52,62680,85],{"class":84},[52,62682,62683],{"class":88},"new_scores",[52,62685,329],{"class":84},[52,62687,62688],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62689,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62691,62692,62694,62696,62698],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,62693,81],{"class":80},[52,62695,85],{"class":84},[52,62697,62674],{"class":88},[52,62699,329],{"class":84},[52,62701,62702],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,62703,62704],{"class":1479},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62706,62707,62708,62710,62711,92],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62709,52775],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[289,62712,55642,62713,1441],{"href":54030},[15,62714,54390],{},[38,62716,1940],{"id":1939},[412,62718,1944,62720,55591],{"id":62719},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62721,53469],{},[20,62723,62724,62725,92],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62726,3901],{},[412,62728,1987,62730,342,62732,1993],{"id":62729},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62731,53568],{},[15,62733,52775],{},[20,62735,62736,62738,62739,62741],{},[15,62737,53568],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62740,52775],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[412,62743,28454,62745,62747],{"id":62744},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62746,53568],{}," with a string?",[20,62749,62750],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[412,62752,28454,62754,62756],{"id":62753},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62755,53568],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62758,62759],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[412,62761,62763,62764,1993],{"id":62762},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62765,53568],{},[20,62767,62768,62769,62771],{},"You get a ",[15,62770,3124],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[38,62773,2005],{"id":2004},[176,62775,62776,62782,62786,62790,62794,62800,62804],{},[179,62777,62778],{},[289,62779,55642,62780,1441],{"href":56891},[15,62781,52775],{},[179,62783,62784],{},[289,62785,54400],{"href":53170},[179,62787,62788],{},[289,62789,57351],{"href":57276},[179,62791,62792],{},[289,62793,52893],{"href":51102},[179,62795,62796],{},[289,62797,55642,62798,1441],{"href":54030},[15,62799,54390],{},[179,62801,62802],{},[289,62803,62412],{"href":52722},[179,62805,62806],{},[289,62807,55642,62808,1441],{"href":55082},[15,62809,12899],{},[20,62811,62812,62813,62815,62816,62818],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62814,52775],{},", when to use ",[15,62817,54390],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2035,62820,62821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":62823},[62824,62825,62827,62828,62829,62836,62843,62844,62852,62854,62866],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":61222,"depth":77,"text":62826},"What list.extend() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":61302,"depth":77,"text":61303},{"id":61439,"depth":77,"text":62830,"children":62831},"extend() vs append()",[62832,62834],{"id":61453,"depth":111,"text":62833},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61516,"depth":111,"text":62835},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61602,"depth":77,"text":62837,"children":62838},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62839,62840,62841,62842],{"id":61613,"depth":111,"text":61614},{"id":61677,"depth":111,"text":61678},{"id":61743,"depth":111,"text":61744},{"id":61817,"depth":111,"text":61818},{"id":61877,"depth":77,"text":61878},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":62845},[62846,62848,62850,62851],{"id":62089,"depth":111,"text":62847},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62162,"depth":111,"text":62849},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62234,"depth":111,"text":62235},{"id":62363,"depth":111,"text":62364},{"id":62606,"depth":77,"text":62853},"When to use extend()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":62855},[62856,62858,62860,62862,62864],{"id":62719,"depth":111,"text":62857},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62729,"depth":111,"text":62859},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62744,"depth":111,"text":62861},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62753,"depth":111,"text":62863},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62762,"depth":111,"text":62865},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61126,"description":62867},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62874,"title":62875,"body":62876,"description":64967,"extension":2078,"meta":64968,"navigation":221,"path":64969,"seo":64970,"stem":64971,"__hash__":64972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62877,"toc":64930},[62878,62881,62886,62892,62903,62909,62911,62980,62982,63031,63039,63043,63048,63051,63062,63067,63069,63071,63092,63105,63108,63121,63123,63128,63153,63155,63163,63166,63235,63237,63261,63267,63271,63275,63311,63313,63333,63340,63344,63377,63379,63413,63418,63422,63455,63457,63485,63493,63497,63534,63536,63557,63560,63564,63633,63635,63659,63665,63672,63676,63679,63681,63695,63698,63722,63724,63749,63752,63771,63773,63799,63808,63812,63819,63896,63898,63939,63945,63951,64042,64044,64100,64103,64108,64112,64117,64121,64180,64182,64207,64211,64274,64276,64301,64305,64368,64370,64413,64416,64420,64424,64446,64450,64532,64534,64569,64577,64579,64583,64587,64589,64616,64621,64623,64650,64657,64660,64683,64685,64734,64737,64740,64759,64763,64766,64817,64820,64826,64830,64835,64838,64840,64846,64855,64859,64865,64869,64872,64876,64879,64883,64889,64891,64927],[10,62879,62875],{"id":62880},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62882,9243,62883,62885],{},[15,62884,24907],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62887,62888,62889,62891],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62890,24907],{}," for two main reasons:",[176,62893,62894,62897],{},[179,62895,62896],{},"to make an empty list",[179,62898,62899,62900,62902],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62901,60122],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62904,62905,62906,62908],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62907,24907],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[38,62910,41],{"id":40},[43,62912,62914],{"className":45,"code":62913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62915,62916,62938,62956,62960,62970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62917,62918,62920,62922,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62919,3739],{"class":58},[52,62921,63],{"class":62},[52,62923,22686],{"class":1929},[52,62925,519],{"class":84},[52,62927,3106],{"class":608},[52,62929,318],{"class":84},[52,62931,3111],{"class":608},[52,62933,318],{"class":84},[52,62935,609],{"class":608},[52,62937,108],{"class":84},[52,62939,62940,62942,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,62941,36215],{"class":58},[52,62943,63],{"class":62},[52,62945,22686],{"class":1929},[52,62947,85],{"class":84},[52,62949,100],{"class":66},[52,62951,41687],{"class":70},[52,62953,100],{"class":66},[52,62955,329],{"class":84},[52,62957,62958],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,62959,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,62961,62962,62964,62966,62968],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,62963,81],{"class":80},[52,62965,85],{"class":84},[52,62967,3771],{"class":88},[52,62969,329],{"class":84},[52,62971,62972,62974,62976,62978],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,62973,81],{"class":80},[52,62975,85],{"class":84},[52,62977,36268],{"class":88},[52,62979,329],{"class":84},[20,62981,135],{},[43,62983,62985],{"className":45,"code":62984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62986,62987,63003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62990,4021],{"class":84},[52,62992,3106],{"class":608},[52,62994,318],{"class":84},[52,62996,3111],{"class":608},[52,62998,318],{"class":84},[52,63000,609],{"class":608},[52,63002,3757],{"class":84},[52,63004,63005,63007,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63006,4021],{"class":84},[52,63008,1888],{"class":66},[52,63010,289],{"class":70},[52,63012,1888],{"class":66},[52,63014,318],{"class":84},[52,63016,3416],{"class":66},[52,63018,4883],{"class":70},[52,63020,1888],{"class":66},[52,63022,318],{"class":84},[52,63024,3416],{"class":66},[52,63026,9860],{"class":70},[52,63028,1888],{"class":66},[52,63030,3757],{"class":84},[20,63032,154,63033,63035,63036,63038],{},[15,63034,24907],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63037,60122],{},", set, or dictionary.",[38,63040,63042],{"id":63041},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63044,63045,63047],{},[15,63046,24907],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63049,63050],{},"It can:",[176,63052,63053,63056,63059],{},[179,63054,63055],{},"create a new list object",[179,63057,63058],{},"make an empty list",[179,63060,63061],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63063,63064,63065,92],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[289,63066,52893],{"href":51102},[38,63068,296],{"id":295},[20,63070,26613],{},[43,63072,63074],{"className":45,"code":63073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63075,63076,63082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63077,63078,63080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63079,8217],{"class":1929},[52,63081,8763],{"class":84},[52,63083,63084,63086,63088,63090],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63085,8217],{"class":1929},[52,63087,85],{"class":84},[52,63089,3842],{"class":88},[52,63091,329],{"class":84},[176,63093,63094,63099],{},[179,63095,63096,63098],{},[15,63097,24907],{}," makes an empty list",[179,63100,63101,63104],{},[15,63102,63103],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63106,63107],{},"Common iterable values include:",[176,63109,63110,63112,63114,63116,63119],{},[179,63111,5432],{},[179,63113,5426],{},[179,63115,5429],{},[179,63117,63118],{},"ranges",[179,63120,7374],{},[38,63122,59744],{"id":59743},[20,63124,154,63125,63127],{},[15,63126,24907],{}," with no arguments:",[43,63129,63131],{"className":45,"code":63130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63132,63133,63143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63134,63135,63137,63139,63141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63136,7903],{"class":58},[52,63138,63],{"class":62},[52,63140,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63142,8763],{"class":84},[52,63144,63145,63147,63149,63151],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63146,81],{"class":80},[52,63148,85],{"class":84},[52,63150,7934],{"class":88},[52,63152,329],{"class":84},[20,63154,135],{},[43,63156,63157],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63158,63159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63160,63161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63162,38423],{"class":84},[20,63164,63165],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[43,63167,63169],{"className":45,"code":63168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63170,63171,63181,63185,63203,63221,63225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63172,63173,63175,63177,63179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63174,7903],{"class":58},[52,63176,63],{"class":62},[52,63178,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63180,8763],{"class":84},[52,63182,63183],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63184,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,63186,63187,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,63188,7934],{"class":58},[52,63190,92],{"class":84},[52,63192,13677],{"class":88},[52,63194,85],{"class":84},[52,63196,100],{"class":66},[52,63198,4199],{"class":70},[52,63200,100],{"class":66},[52,63202,329],{"class":84},[52,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,63206,7934],{"class":58},[52,63208,92],{"class":84},[52,63210,13677],{"class":88},[52,63212,85],{"class":84},[52,63214,100],{"class":66},[52,63216,4208],{"class":70},[52,63218,100],{"class":66},[52,63220,329],{"class":84},[52,63222,63223],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,63224,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,63226,63227,63229,63231,63233],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,63228,81],{"class":80},[52,63230,85],{"class":84},[52,63232,7934],{"class":88},[52,63234,329],{"class":84},[20,63236,135],{},[43,63238,63239],{"className":45,"code":38549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63240,63241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63242,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63244,4021],{"class":84},[52,63246,1888],{"class":66},[52,63248,4199],{"class":70},[52,63250,1888],{"class":66},[52,63252,318],{"class":84},[52,63254,3416],{"class":66},[52,63256,4208],{"class":70},[52,63258,1888],{"class":66},[52,63260,3757],{"class":84},[20,63262,63263,63264,63266],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63265,3910],{},". Both are valid.",[38,63268,63270],{"id":63269},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[412,63272,63274],{"id":63273},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[43,63276,63277],{"className":45,"code":60042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63278,63279,63301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63280,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63282,3739],{"class":58},[52,63284,63],{"class":62},[52,63286,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63288,519],{"class":84},[52,63290,3106],{"class":608},[52,63292,318],{"class":84},[52,63294,3111],{"class":608},[52,63296,318],{"class":84},[52,63298,609],{"class":608},[52,63300,108],{"class":84},[52,63302,63303,63305,63307,63309],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63304,81],{"class":80},[52,63306,85],{"class":84},[52,63308,3771],{"class":88},[52,63310,329],{"class":84},[20,63312,135],{},[43,63314,63315],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63316,63317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63318,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63320,4021],{"class":84},[52,63322,3106],{"class":608},[52,63324,318],{"class":84},[52,63326,3111],{"class":608},[52,63328,318],{"class":84},[52,63330,609],{"class":608},[52,63332,3757],{"class":84},[20,63334,63335,63336,92],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[289,63337,63339],{"href":63338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[412,63341,63343],{"id":63342},"string-to-list","String to list",[43,63345,63347],{"className":45,"code":63346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63348,63349,63367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63350,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63352,36215],{"class":58},[52,63354,63],{"class":62},[52,63356,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63358,85],{"class":84},[52,63360,100],{"class":66},[52,63362,37173],{"class":70},[52,63364,100],{"class":66},[52,63366,329],{"class":84},[52,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63370,81],{"class":80},[52,63372,85],{"class":84},[52,63374,36268],{"class":88},[52,63376,329],{"class":84},[20,63378,135],{},[43,63380,63382],{"className":45,"code":63381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63383,63384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63385,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63409,63411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63387,4021],{"class":84},[52,63389,1888],{"class":66},[52,63391,9860],{"class":70},[52,63393,1888],{"class":66},[52,63395,318],{"class":84},[52,63397,3416],{"class":66},[52,63399,289],{"class":70},[52,63401,1888],{"class":66},[52,63403,318],{"class":84},[52,63405,3416],{"class":66},[52,63407,63408],{"class":70},"t",[52,63410,1888],{"class":66},[52,63412,3757],{"class":84},[20,63414,63415,63417],{},[15,63416,24907],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[412,63419,63421],{"id":63420},"range-to-list","Range to list",[43,63423,63425],{"className":45,"code":63424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63426,63427,63445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63428,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63430,3739],{"class":58},[52,63432,63],{"class":62},[52,63434,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63436,85],{"class":84},[52,63438,60122],{"class":80},[52,63440,85],{"class":84},[52,63442,2252],{"class":608},[52,63444,108],{"class":84},[52,63446,63447,63449,63451,63453],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63448,81],{"class":80},[52,63450,85],{"class":84},[52,63452,3771],{"class":88},[52,63454,329],{"class":84},[20,63456,135],{},[43,63458,63459],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63460,63461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63462,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63464,4021],{"class":84},[52,63466,2235],{"class":608},[52,63468,318],{"class":84},[52,63470,5621],{"class":608},[52,63472,318],{"class":84},[52,63474,3111],{"class":608},[52,63476,318],{"class":84},[52,63478,609],{"class":608},[52,63480,318],{"class":84},[52,63482,2575],{"class":608},[52,63484,3757],{"class":84},[20,63486,63487,63488,63492],{},"This is common when working with ",[289,63489,63490],{"href":36320},[15,63491,36323],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[412,63494,63496],{"id":63495},"set-to-list","Set to list",[43,63498,63500],{"className":45,"code":63499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63501,63502,63524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63503,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63505,3946],{"class":58},[52,63507,63],{"class":62},[52,63509,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63511,5652],{"class":84},[52,63513,2448],{"class":608},[52,63515,318],{"class":84},[52,63517,7914],{"class":608},[52,63519,318],{"class":84},[52,63521,7919],{"class":608},[52,63523,30622],{"class":84},[52,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63527,81],{"class":80},[52,63529,85],{"class":84},[52,63531,5482],{"class":88},[52,63533,329],{"class":84},[20,63535,17084],{},[43,63537,63539],{"className":45,"code":63538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63540,63541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63544,4021],{"class":84},[52,63546,2448],{"class":608},[52,63548,318],{"class":84},[52,63550,7914],{"class":608},[52,63552,318],{"class":84},[52,63554,7919],{"class":608},[52,63556,3757],{"class":84},[20,63558,63559],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[412,63561,63563],{"id":63562},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[43,63565,63567],{"className":45,"code":63566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63568,63569,63605,63619,63623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63570,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63572,13328],{"class":58},[52,63574,63],{"class":62},[52,63576,10612],{"class":84},[52,63578,100],{"class":66},[52,63580,459],{"class":70},[52,63582,100],{"class":66},[52,63584,174],{"class":84},[52,63586,67],{"class":66},[52,63588,13003],{"class":70},[52,63590,100],{"class":66},[52,63592,318],{"class":84},[52,63594,67],{"class":66},[52,63596,9419],{"class":70},[52,63598,100],{"class":66},[52,63600,174],{"class":84},[52,63602,9426],{"class":608},[52,63604,9429],{"class":84},[52,63606,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63608,2346],{"class":58},[52,63610,63],{"class":62},[52,63612,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63614,85],{"class":84},[52,63616,17433],{"class":88},[52,63618,329],{"class":84},[52,63620,63621],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,63622,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,63624,63625,63627,63629,63631],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,63626,81],{"class":80},[52,63628,85],{"class":84},[52,63630,2381],{"class":88},[52,63632,329],{"class":84},[20,63634,135],{},[43,63636,63637],{"className":45,"code":25607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63638,63639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63640,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63642,4021],{"class":84},[52,63644,1888],{"class":66},[52,63646,459],{"class":70},[52,63648,1888],{"class":66},[52,63650,318],{"class":84},[52,63652,3416],{"class":66},[52,63654,9419],{"class":70},[52,63656,1888],{"class":66},[52,63658,3757],{"class":84},[20,63660,63661,63662,63664],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63663,24907],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63666,63667,63668,92],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[289,63669,63671],{"href":63670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[38,63673,63675],{"id":63674},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63677,63678],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63680,61277],{},[176,63682,63683,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693],{},[179,63684,5423],{},[179,63686,5426],{},[179,63688,5432],{},[179,63690,5429],{},[179,63692,63118],{},[179,63694,7374],{},[20,63696,63697],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[43,63699,63701],{"className":45,"code":63700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63702,63703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63704,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63718,63720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63706,81],{"class":80},[52,63708,85],{"class":84},[52,63710,8217],{"class":1929},[52,63712,85],{"class":84},[52,63714,100],{"class":66},[52,63716,63717],{"class":70},"hi",[52,63719,100],{"class":66},[52,63721,108],{"class":84},[20,63723,135],{},[43,63725,63727],{"className":45,"code":63726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63728,63729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63730,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63732,4021],{"class":84},[52,63734,1888],{"class":66},[52,63736,60561],{"class":70},[52,63738,1888],{"class":66},[52,63740,318],{"class":84},[52,63742,3416],{"class":66},[52,63744,36279],{"class":70},[52,63746,1888],{"class":66},[52,63748,3757],{"class":84},[20,63750,63751],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[43,63753,63755],{"className":45,"code":63754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63756,63757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63758,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63760,81],{"class":80},[52,63762,85],{"class":84},[52,63764,8217],{"class":1929},[52,63766,85],{"class":84},[52,63768,2252],{"class":608},[52,63770,108],{"class":84},[20,63772,135],{},[43,63774,63776],{"className":45,"code":63775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63777,63778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63781,3124],{"class":1929},[52,63783,174],{"class":84},[52,63785,3416],{"class":66},[52,63787,2304],{"class":70},[52,63789,1888],{"class":66},[52,63791,24744],{"class":1929},[52,63793,8220],{"class":62},[52,63795,8223],{"class":62},[52,63797,63798],{"class":58}," iterable\n",[20,63800,63801,63802,63804,63805,92],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[289,63803,5260],{"href":5709},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[289,63806,63807],{"href":52722},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[38,63809,63811],{"id":63810},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63813,63814,63815,63818],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63816,63817],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[43,63820,63822],{"className":45,"code":63821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63823,63824,63844,63858,63862,63872,63882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63825,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63827,12209],{"class":58},[52,63829,63],{"class":62},[52,63831,3744],{"class":84},[52,63833,3106],{"class":608},[52,63835,318],{"class":84},[52,63837,3111],{"class":608},[52,63839,318],{"class":84},[52,63841,609],{"class":608},[52,63843,3757],{"class":84},[52,63845,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63847,14436],{"class":58},[52,63849,63],{"class":62},[52,63851,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63853,85],{"class":84},[52,63855,12256],{"class":88},[52,63857,329],{"class":84},[52,63859,63860],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,63861,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,63863,63864,63866,63868,63870],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,63865,81],{"class":80},[52,63867,85],{"class":84},[52,63869,12256],{"class":88},[52,63871,329],{"class":84},[52,63873,63874,63876,63878,63880],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,63875,81],{"class":80},[52,63877,85],{"class":84},[52,63879,14455],{"class":88},[52,63881,329],{"class":84},[52,63883,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,63885,81],{"class":80},[52,63887,85],{"class":84},[52,63889,12209],{"class":88},[52,63891,835],{"class":761},[52,63893,14509],{"class":88},[52,63895,329],{"class":84},[20,63897,135],{},[43,63899,63901],{"className":45,"code":63900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63902,63903,63919,63935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63904,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63906,4021],{"class":84},[52,63908,3106],{"class":608},[52,63910,318],{"class":84},[52,63912,3111],{"class":608},[52,63914,318],{"class":84},[52,63916,609],{"class":608},[52,63918,3757],{"class":84},[52,63920,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63922,4021],{"class":84},[52,63924,3106],{"class":608},[52,63926,318],{"class":84},[52,63928,3111],{"class":608},[52,63930,318],{"class":84},[52,63932,609],{"class":608},[52,63934,3757],{"class":84},[52,63936,63937],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,63938,151],{"class":145},[20,63940,63941,63942,63944],{},"This means ",[15,63943,14455],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63946,63947,63948,63950],{},"However, this is only a ",[3865,63949,12973],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[43,63952,63954],{"className":45,"code":63953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63955,63956,63982,63996,64000,64018,64022,64032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63957,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63959,12209],{"class":58},[52,63961,63],{"class":62},[52,63963,56416],{"class":84},[52,63965,3106],{"class":608},[52,63967,318],{"class":84},[52,63969,3111],{"class":608},[52,63971,18187],{"class":84},[52,63973,3744],{"class":84},[52,63975,627],{"class":608},[52,63977,318],{"class":84},[52,63979,2575],{"class":608},[52,63981,53364],{"class":84},[52,63983,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,63985,14436],{"class":58},[52,63987,63],{"class":62},[52,63989,22686],{"class":1929},[52,63991,85],{"class":84},[52,63993,12256],{"class":88},[52,63995,329],{"class":84},[52,63997,63998],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,63999,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,64003,14455],{"class":58},[52,64005,4021],{"class":84},[52,64007,2235],{"class":608},[52,64009,13674],{"class":84},[52,64011,13677],{"class":88},[52,64013,85],{"class":84},[52,64015,56469],{"class":608},[52,64017,329],{"class":84},[52,64019,64020],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,64021,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,64023,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,64025,81],{"class":80},[52,64027,85],{"class":84},[52,64029,12256],{"class":88},[52,64031,329],{"class":84},[52,64033,64034,64036,64038,64040],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,64035,81],{"class":80},[52,64037,85],{"class":84},[52,64039,14455],{"class":88},[52,64041,329],{"class":84},[20,64043,135],{},[43,64045,64046],{"className":45,"code":56500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64047,64048,64074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64049,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64051,56507],{"class":84},[52,64053,3106],{"class":608},[52,64055,318],{"class":84},[52,64057,3111],{"class":608},[52,64059,318],{"class":84},[52,64061,10318],{"class":608},[52,64063,18187],{"class":84},[52,64065,3744],{"class":84},[52,64067,627],{"class":608},[52,64069,318],{"class":84},[52,64071,2575],{"class":608},[52,64073,53364],{"class":84},[52,64075,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64077,56507],{"class":84},[52,64079,3106],{"class":608},[52,64081,318],{"class":84},[52,64083,3111],{"class":608},[52,64085,318],{"class":84},[52,64087,10318],{"class":608},[52,64089,18187],{"class":84},[52,64091,3744],{"class":84},[52,64093,627],{"class":608},[52,64095,318],{"class":84},[52,64097,2575],{"class":608},[52,64099,53364],{"class":84},[20,64101,64102],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64104,64105,64106,92],{},"For more on this, see ",[289,64107,13915],{"href":13914},[38,64109,64111],{"id":64110},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64113,64114,64115,92],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64116,24907],{},[412,64118,64120],{"id":64119},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[43,64122,64124],{"className":45,"code":64123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64125,64126,64166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64127,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64129,12986],{"class":58},[52,64131,63],{"class":62},[52,64133,10612],{"class":84},[52,64135,100],{"class":66},[52,64137,459],{"class":70},[52,64139,100],{"class":66},[52,64141,174],{"class":84},[52,64143,67],{"class":66},[52,64145,8045],{"class":70},[52,64147,100],{"class":66},[52,64149,318],{"class":84},[52,64151,67],{"class":66},[52,64153,20017],{"class":70},[52,64155,100],{"class":66},[52,64157,174],{"class":84},[52,64159,67],{"class":66},[52,64161,22371],{"class":70},[52,64163,100],{"class":66},[52,64165,9429],{"class":84},[52,64167,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64169,81],{"class":80},[52,64171,85],{"class":84},[52,64173,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64175,85],{"class":84},[52,64177,13750],{"class":88},[52,64179,108],{"class":84},[20,64181,135],{},[43,64183,64185],{"className":45,"code":64184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64186,64187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64188,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64190,4021],{"class":84},[52,64192,1888],{"class":66},[52,64194,459],{"class":70},[52,64196,1888],{"class":66},[52,64198,318],{"class":84},[52,64200,3416],{"class":66},[52,64202,20017],{"class":70},[52,64204,1888],{"class":66},[52,64206,3757],{"class":84},[412,64208,64210],{"id":64209},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[43,64212,64214],{"className":45,"code":64213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64215,64216,64256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64217,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64219,12986],{"class":58},[52,64221,63],{"class":62},[52,64223,10612],{"class":84},[52,64225,100],{"class":66},[52,64227,459],{"class":70},[52,64229,100],{"class":66},[52,64231,174],{"class":84},[52,64233,67],{"class":66},[52,64235,8045],{"class":70},[52,64237,100],{"class":66},[52,64239,318],{"class":84},[52,64241,67],{"class":66},[52,64243,20017],{"class":70},[52,64245,100],{"class":66},[52,64247,174],{"class":84},[52,64249,67],{"class":66},[52,64251,22371],{"class":70},[52,64253,100],{"class":66},[52,64255,9429],{"class":84},[52,64257,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64259,81],{"class":80},[52,64261,85],{"class":84},[52,64263,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64265,85],{"class":84},[52,64267,13750],{"class":88},[52,64269,92],{"class":84},[52,64271,5482],{"class":88},[52,64273,6413],{"class":84},[20,64275,135],{},[43,64277,64279],{"className":45,"code":64278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64280,64281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64282,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64284,4021],{"class":84},[52,64286,1888],{"class":66},[52,64288,8045],{"class":70},[52,64290,1888],{"class":66},[52,64292,318],{"class":84},[52,64294,3416],{"class":66},[52,64296,22371],{"class":70},[52,64298,1888],{"class":66},[52,64300,3757],{"class":84},[412,64302,64304],{"id":64303},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[43,64306,64308],{"className":45,"code":64307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64309,64310,64350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64311,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64313,12986],{"class":58},[52,64315,63],{"class":62},[52,64317,10612],{"class":84},[52,64319,100],{"class":66},[52,64321,459],{"class":70},[52,64323,100],{"class":66},[52,64325,174],{"class":84},[52,64327,67],{"class":66},[52,64329,8045],{"class":70},[52,64331,100],{"class":66},[52,64333,318],{"class":84},[52,64335,67],{"class":66},[52,64337,20017],{"class":70},[52,64339,100],{"class":66},[52,64341,174],{"class":84},[52,64343,67],{"class":66},[52,64345,22371],{"class":70},[52,64347,100],{"class":66},[52,64349,9429],{"class":84},[52,64351,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64353,81],{"class":80},[52,64355,85],{"class":84},[52,64357,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64359,85],{"class":84},[52,64361,13750],{"class":88},[52,64363,92],{"class":84},[52,64365,7934],{"class":88},[52,64367,6413],{"class":84},[20,64369,135],{},[43,64371,64373],{"className":45,"code":64372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64374,64375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64376,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64378,21866],{"class":84},[52,64380,1888],{"class":66},[52,64382,459],{"class":70},[52,64384,1888],{"class":66},[52,64386,318],{"class":84},[52,64388,3416],{"class":66},[52,64390,8045],{"class":70},[52,64392,1888],{"class":66},[52,64394,9354],{"class":84},[52,64396,1370],{"class":84},[52,64398,1888],{"class":66},[52,64400,20017],{"class":70},[52,64402,1888],{"class":66},[52,64404,318],{"class":84},[52,64406,3416],{"class":66},[52,64408,22371],{"class":70},[52,64410,1888],{"class":66},[52,64412,9369],{"class":84},[20,64414,64415],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[38,64417,64419],{"id":64418},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64421,154,64422,10723],{},[15,64423,24907],{},[176,64425,64426,64434,64443],{},[179,64427,64428,64429,32,64431],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64430,52775],{},[15,64432,64433],{},"sort()",[179,64435,64436,64437,32,64439,64442],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64438,36323],{},[15,64440,64441],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[179,64444,64445],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64447,46163,64448,174],{},[15,64449,64441],{},[43,64451,64453],{"className":45,"code":64452,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64454,64455,64479,64495,64499,64522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64456,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64458,5118],{"class":58},[52,64460,63],{"class":62},[52,64462,3744],{"class":84},[52,64464,100],{"class":66},[52,64466,13003],{"class":70},[52,64468,100],{"class":66},[52,64470,318],{"class":84},[52,64472,67],{"class":66},[52,64474,36067],{"class":70},[52,64476,100],{"class":66},[52,64478,3757],{"class":84},[52,64480,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64482,5187],{"class":58},[52,64484,63],{"class":62},[52,64486,3744],{"class":84},[52,64488,13626],{"class":608},[52,64490,318],{"class":84},[52,64492,13631],{"class":608},[52,64494,3757],{"class":84},[52,64496,64497],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,64498,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,64500,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,64502,9336],{"class":58},[52,64504,63],{"class":62},[52,64506,22686],{"class":1929},[52,64508,85],{"class":84},[52,64510,64511],{"class":80},"zip",[52,64513,85],{"class":84},[52,64515,5162],{"class":88},[52,64517,318],{"class":84},[52,64519,5234],{"class":88},[52,64521,108],{"class":84},[52,64523,64524,64526,64528,64530],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,64525,81],{"class":80},[52,64527,85],{"class":84},[52,64529,9382],{"class":88},[52,64531,329],{"class":84},[20,64533,135],{},[43,64535,64537],{"className":45,"code":64536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64538,64539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64540,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64542,21866],{"class":84},[52,64544,1888],{"class":66},[52,64546,13003],{"class":70},[52,64548,1888],{"class":66},[52,64550,318],{"class":84},[52,64552,20024],{"class":608},[52,64554,9354],{"class":84},[52,64556,1370],{"class":84},[52,64558,1888],{"class":66},[52,64560,36067],{"class":70},[52,64562,1888],{"class":66},[52,64564,318],{"class":84},[52,64566,13631],{"class":608},[52,64568,9369],{"class":84},[20,64570,64571,64572,64574,64575,92],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64573,52775],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[289,64576,53171],{"href":53170},[38,64578,4640],{"id":4639},[20,64580,56898,64581,92],{},[15,64582,24907],{},[412,64584,64586],{"id":64585},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64588,1457],{},[43,64590,64592],{"className":45,"code":64591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64593,64594,64598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64595,64596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64597,4656],{"class":1479},[52,64599,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64601,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64603,85],{"class":84},[52,64605,3106],{"class":608},[52,64607,318],{"class":84},[52,64609,3111],{"class":608},[52,64611,318],{"class":84},[52,64613,609],{"class":608},[52,64615,329],{"class":84},[20,64617,64618,64620],{},[15,64619,24907],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64622,18820],{},[43,64624,64626],{"className":45,"code":64625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64627,64628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64629,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64631,81],{"class":80},[52,64633,85],{"class":84},[52,64635,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64637,519],{"class":84},[52,64639,3106],{"class":608},[52,64641,318],{"class":84},[52,64643,3111],{"class":608},[52,64645,318],{"class":84},[52,64647,609],{"class":608},[52,64649,546],{"class":84},[412,64651,64653,64654],{"id":64652},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[52,64655,64656],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64658,64659],{},"This is a common surprise:",[43,64661,64663],{"className":45,"code":64662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64664,64665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64666,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64668,81],{"class":80},[52,64670,85],{"class":84},[52,64672,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64674,85],{"class":84},[52,64676,100],{"class":66},[52,64678,266],{"class":70},[52,64680,100],{"class":66},[52,64682,108],{"class":84},[20,64684,135],{},[43,64686,64688],{"className":45,"code":64687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64689,64690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64691,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64693,4021],{"class":84},[52,64695,1888],{"class":66},[52,64697,60561],{"class":70},[52,64699,1888],{"class":66},[52,64701,318],{"class":84},[52,64703,3416],{"class":66},[52,64705,60570],{"class":70},[52,64707,1888],{"class":66},[52,64709,318],{"class":84},[52,64711,3416],{"class":66},[52,64713,60579],{"class":70},[52,64715,1888],{"class":66},[52,64717,318],{"class":84},[52,64719,3416],{"class":66},[52,64721,60579],{"class":70},[52,64723,1888],{"class":66},[52,64725,318],{"class":84},[52,64727,3416],{"class":66},[52,64729,60596],{"class":70},[52,64731,1888],{"class":66},[52,64733,3757],{"class":84},[20,64735,64736],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64738,64739],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[43,64741,64743],{"className":45,"code":64742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64744,64745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64746,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64748,81],{"class":80},[52,64750,3103],{"class":84},[52,64752,100],{"class":66},[52,64754,266],{"class":70},[52,64756,100],{"class":66},[52,64758,4009],{"class":84},[412,64760,64762],{"id":64761},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64764,64765],{},"This:",[43,64767,64769],{"className":45,"code":64768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64770,64771,64803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64772,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64774,9286],{"class":58},[52,64776,63],{"class":62},[52,64778,10612],{"class":84},[52,64780,100],{"class":66},[52,64782,289],{"class":70},[52,64784,100],{"class":66},[52,64786,174],{"class":84},[52,64788,5621],{"class":608},[52,64790,318],{"class":84},[52,64792,67],{"class":66},[52,64794,4883],{"class":70},[52,64796,100],{"class":66},[52,64798,174],{"class":84},[52,64800,3111],{"class":608},[52,64802,9429],{"class":84},[52,64804,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,64806,81],{"class":80},[52,64808,85],{"class":84},[52,64810,8217],{"class":1929},[52,64812,85],{"class":84},[52,64814,9325],{"class":88},[52,64816,108],{"class":84},[20,64818,64819],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64821,154,64822,64825],{},[15,64823,64824],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[412,64827,64829],{"id":64828},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64831,64832,64834],{},[15,64833,24907],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64836,64837],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[38,64839,1940],{"id":1939},[412,64841,1987,64843,64845],{"id":64842},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[52,64844],{}," and list()?",[20,64847,64848,64849,64851,64852,64854],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64850,3910],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64853,24907],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[412,64856,64858],{"id":64857},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64860,64861,64862,64864],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64863,24907],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[412,64866,64868],{"id":64867},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64870,64871],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[412,64873,64875],{"id":64874},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64877,64878],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[412,64880,64882],{"id":64881},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64884,64885,64886,64888],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64887,24907],{}," cannot loop through it.",[38,64890,2005],{"id":2004},[176,64892,64893,64897,64902,64906,64910,64914,64918,64923],{},[179,64894,64895],{},[289,64896,52893],{"href":51102},[179,64898,64899],{},[289,64900,64901],{"href":36320},"Python range() function explained",[179,64903,64904],{},[289,64905,63339],{"href":63338},[179,64907,64908],{},[289,64909,63671],{"href":63670},[179,64911,64912],{},[289,64913,5339],{"href":5709},[179,64915,64916],{},[289,64917,13915],{"href":13914},[179,64919,64920],{},[289,64921,64922],{"href":52722},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[179,64924,64925],{},[289,64926,54400],{"href":53170},[2035,64928,64929],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":64931},[64932,64933,64934,64935,64936,64943,64944,64945,64950,64951,64958,64966],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":63041,"depth":77,"text":63042},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":59743,"depth":77,"text":59744},{"id":63269,"depth":77,"text":63270,"children":64937},[64938,64939,64940,64941,64942],{"id":63273,"depth":111,"text":63274},{"id":63342,"depth":111,"text":63343},{"id":63420,"depth":111,"text":63421},{"id":63495,"depth":111,"text":63496},{"id":63562,"depth":111,"text":63563},{"id":63674,"depth":77,"text":63675},{"id":63810,"depth":77,"text":63811},{"id":64110,"depth":77,"text":64111,"children":64946},[64947,64948,64949],{"id":64119,"depth":111,"text":64120},{"id":64209,"depth":111,"text":64210},{"id":64303,"depth":111,"text":64304},{"id":64418,"depth":77,"text":64419},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":64952},[64953,64954,64956,64957],{"id":64585,"depth":111,"text":64586},{"id":64652,"depth":111,"text":64955},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64761,"depth":111,"text":64762},{"id":64828,"depth":111,"text":64829},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":64959},[64960,64962,64963,64964,64965],{"id":64842,"depth":111,"text":64961},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64857,"depth":111,"text":64858},{"id":64867,"depth":111,"text":64868},{"id":64874,"depth":111,"text":64875},{"id":64881,"depth":111,"text":64882},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62875,"description":64967},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64974,"title":64975,"body":64976,"description":66325,"extension":2078,"meta":66326,"navigation":221,"path":66327,"seo":66328,"stem":66329,"__hash__":66330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64977,"toc":66299},[64978,64983,64989,64998,65000,65073,65082,65087,65091,65107,65111,65113,65115,65134,65137,65164,65167,65192,65200,65202,65207,65214,65216,65273,65275,65283,65289,65293,65296,65369,65371,65379,65382,65405,65412,65418,65422,65428,65499,65501,65509,65518,65525,65532,65540,65684,65686,65703,65706,65745,65748,65752,65757,65759,65818,65824,65827,65934,65936,65951,65954,65961,65963,65967,66115,66118,66179,66182,66184,66205,66210,66214,66225,66228,66230,66235,66238,66246,66251,66257,66260,66266,66274,66276,66296],[10,64979,54464,64981,18],{"id":64980},"python-list-index-method",[15,64982,59091],{},[20,64984,64985,64988],{},[15,64986,64987],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64990,64991,64992,64995,64996,92],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3865,64993,64994],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64997,40830],{},[38,64999,3729],{"id":3728},[43,65001,65003],{"className":45,"code":65002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65004,65005,65037,65060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65006,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65008,7903],{"class":58},[52,65010,63],{"class":62},[52,65012,3744],{"class":84},[52,65014,100],{"class":66},[52,65016,4199],{"class":70},[52,65018,100],{"class":66},[52,65020,318],{"class":84},[52,65022,67],{"class":66},[52,65024,4208],{"class":70},[52,65026,100],{"class":66},[52,65028,318],{"class":84},[52,65030,67],{"class":66},[52,65032,4217],{"class":70},[52,65034,100],{"class":66},[52,65036,3757],{"class":84},[52,65038,65039,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65040,65041],{"class":58},"position ",[52,65043,63],{"class":62},[52,65045,6089],{"class":58},[52,65047,92],{"class":84},[52,65049,35972],{"class":88},[52,65051,85],{"class":84},[52,65053,100],{"class":66},[52,65055,4208],{"class":70},[52,65057,100],{"class":66},[52,65059,329],{"class":84},[52,65061,65062,65064,65066,65069,65071],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65063,81],{"class":80},[52,65065,85],{"class":84},[52,65067,65068],{"class":88},"position",[52,65070,3784],{"class":84},[52,65072,27905],{"class":1479},[20,65074,154,65075,65078,65079,65081],{},[15,65076,65077],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65080,40830],{}," if the item is not found.",[38,65083,166,65085,169],{"id":65084},"what-listindex-does",[15,65086,64987],{},[20,65088,65089,174],{},[15,65090,64987],{},[176,65092,65093,65096,65099,65104],{},[179,65094,65095],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[179,65097,65098],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[179,65100,65101,65102],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65103,2235],{},[179,65105,65106],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65108,54689,65109,92],{},[289,65110,52893],{"href":54692},[38,65112,296],{"id":295},[20,65114,30851],{},[43,65116,65118],{"className":45,"code":65117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65119,65120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65121,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65123,8463],{"class":58},[52,65125,92],{"class":84},[52,65127,35972],{"class":88},[52,65129,85],{"class":84},[52,65131,2591],{"class":88},[52,65133,329],{"class":84},[20,65135,65136],{},"You can also limit the search:",[43,65138,65140],{"className":45,"code":65139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65141,65142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65143,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160,65162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65145,8463],{"class":58},[52,65147,92],{"class":84},[52,65149,35972],{"class":88},[52,65151,85],{"class":84},[52,65153,2591],{"class":88},[52,65155,318],{"class":84},[52,65157,321],{"class":88},[52,65159,318],{"class":84},[52,65161,326],{"class":88},[52,65163,329],{"class":84},[20,65165,65166],{},"Here is what each part means:",[176,65168,65169,65174,65179,65184],{},[179,65170,65171,65173],{},[15,65172,2591],{},": the item to search for",[179,65175,65176,65178],{},[15,65177,341],{},": where the search begins",[179,65180,65181,65183],{},[15,65182,345],{},": where the search stops",[179,65185,65186,4906,65188,65191],{},[15,65187,345],{},[3865,65189,65190],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65193,65194,65195,65197,65198,92],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65196,341],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65199,345],{},[38,65201,38146],{"id":38145},[20,65203,65204,65206],{},[15,65205,64987],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65208,65209,65210,65213],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3865,65211,65212],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65215,197],{},[43,65217,65219],{"className":45,"code":65218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65220,65221,65241,65259,65263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65222,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65224,3739],{"class":58},[52,65226,63],{"class":62},[52,65228,3744],{"class":84},[52,65230,2448],{"class":608},[52,65232,318],{"class":84},[52,65234,7914],{"class":608},[52,65236,318],{"class":84},[52,65238,7919],{"class":608},[52,65240,3757],{"class":84},[52,65242,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65244,2346],{"class":58},[52,65246,63],{"class":62},[52,65248,4384],{"class":58},[52,65250,92],{"class":84},[52,65252,35972],{"class":88},[52,65254,85],{"class":84},[52,65256,15879],{"class":608},[52,65258,329],{"class":84},[52,65260,65261],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65262,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,65264,65265,65267,65269,65271],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,65266,81],{"class":80},[52,65268,85],{"class":84},[52,65270,2381],{"class":88},[52,65272,329],{"class":84},[20,65274,135],{},[43,65276,65277],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65278,65279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65280,65281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65282,47040],{"class":608},[20,65284,65285,65286,65288],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65287,59091],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[38,65290,65292],{"id":65291},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65294,65295],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[43,65297,65299],{"className":45,"code":65298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65300,65301,65333,65355,65359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65302,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65304,36364],{"class":58},[52,65306,63],{"class":62},[52,65308,3744],{"class":84},[52,65310,100],{"class":66},[52,65312,4199],{"class":70},[52,65314,100],{"class":66},[52,65316,318],{"class":84},[52,65318,67],{"class":66},[52,65320,4208],{"class":70},[52,65322,100],{"class":66},[52,65324,318],{"class":84},[52,65326,67],{"class":66},[52,65328,4217],{"class":70},[52,65330,100],{"class":66},[52,65332,3757],{"class":84},[52,65334,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65336,65041],{"class":58},[52,65338,63],{"class":62},[52,65340,52973],{"class":58},[52,65342,92],{"class":84},[52,65344,35972],{"class":88},[52,65346,85],{"class":84},[52,65348,100],{"class":66},[52,65350,4217],{"class":70},[52,65352,100],{"class":66},[52,65354,329],{"class":84},[52,65356,65357],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65358,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,65360,65361,65363,65365,65367],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,65362,81],{"class":80},[52,65364,85],{"class":84},[52,65366,65068],{"class":88},[52,65368,329],{"class":84},[20,65370,135],{},[43,65372,65373],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65374,65375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65376,65377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65378,17182],{"class":608},[20,65380,65381],{},"In this list:",[176,65383,65384,65391,65398],{},[179,65385,65386,65388,65389],{},[15,65387,57956],{}," is at index ",[15,65390,2235],{},[179,65392,65393,65388,65396],{},[15,65394,65395],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65397,3106],{},[179,65399,65400,65388,65403],{},[15,65401,65402],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65404,2172],{},[20,65406,53775,65407,2515,65410,92],{},[15,65408,65409],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65411,2172],{},[20,65413,51666,65414,92],{},[289,65415,65417],{"href":65416},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[38,65419,65421],{"id":65420},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65423,65424,65425,65427],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65426,59091],{}," returns the first match only.",[43,65429,65431],{"className":45,"code":65430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65432,65433,65473,65477],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65434,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65436,13199],{"class":58},[52,65438,63],{"class":62},[52,65440,3744],{"class":84},[52,65442,100],{"class":66},[52,65444,13216],{"class":70},[52,65446,100],{"class":66},[52,65448,318],{"class":84},[52,65450,67],{"class":66},[52,65452,13233],{"class":70},[52,65454,100],{"class":66},[52,65456,318],{"class":84},[52,65458,67],{"class":66},[52,65460,13216],{"class":70},[52,65462,100],{"class":66},[52,65464,318],{"class":84},[52,65466,67],{"class":66},[52,65468,17580],{"class":70},[52,65470,100],{"class":66},[52,65472,3757],{"class":84},[52,65474,65475],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65476,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,65478,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65480,81],{"class":80},[52,65482,85],{"class":84},[52,65484,17627],{"class":88},[52,65486,92],{"class":84},[52,65488,35972],{"class":88},[52,65490,85],{"class":84},[52,65492,100],{"class":66},[52,65494,13216],{"class":70},[52,65496,100],{"class":66},[52,65498,108],{"class":84},[20,65500,135],{},[43,65502,65503],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65504,65505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65506,65507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65508,47375],{"class":608},[20,65510,21104,65511,65514,65515,65517],{},[15,65512,65513],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65516,2235],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65519,65520,65521,92],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[289,65522,55642,65523,1441],{"href":59150},[15,65524,57413],{},[38,65526,1828,65528,342,65530],{"id":65527},"using-start-and-end",[15,65529,341],{},[15,65531,345],{},[20,65533,65534,65535,342,65537,65539],{},"The optional ",[15,65536,341],{},[15,65538,345],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[43,65541,65543],{"className":45,"code":65542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65544,65545,65593,65597,65622,65651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65546,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65548,36215],{"class":58},[52,65550,63],{"class":62},[52,65552,3744],{"class":84},[52,65554,100],{"class":66},[52,65556,289],{"class":70},[52,65558,100],{"class":66},[52,65560,318],{"class":84},[52,65562,67],{"class":66},[52,65564,4883],{"class":70},[52,65566,100],{"class":66},[52,65568,318],{"class":84},[52,65570,67],{"class":66},[52,65572,9860],{"class":70},[52,65574,100],{"class":66},[52,65576,318],{"class":84},[52,65578,67],{"class":66},[52,65580,4883],{"class":70},[52,65582,100],{"class":66},[52,65584,318],{"class":84},[52,65586,67],{"class":66},[52,65588,18893],{"class":70},[52,65590,100],{"class":66},[52,65592,3757],{"class":84},[52,65594,65595],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65596,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,65598,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65600,81],{"class":80},[52,65602,85],{"class":84},[52,65604,36268],{"class":88},[52,65606,92],{"class":84},[52,65608,35972],{"class":88},[52,65610,85],{"class":84},[52,65612,100],{"class":66},[52,65614,4883],{"class":70},[52,65616,100],{"class":66},[52,65618,5485],{"class":84},[52,65620,65621],{"class":1479},"        # first match\n",[52,65623,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,65625,81],{"class":80},[52,65627,85],{"class":84},[52,65629,36268],{"class":88},[52,65631,92],{"class":84},[52,65633,35972],{"class":88},[52,65635,85],{"class":84},[52,65637,100],{"class":66},[52,65639,4883],{"class":70},[52,65641,100],{"class":66},[52,65643,318],{"class":84},[52,65645,3111],{"class":608},[52,65647,5485],{"class":84},[52,65649,65650],{"class":1479},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[52,65652,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,65654,81],{"class":80},[52,65656,85],{"class":84},[52,65658,36268],{"class":88},[52,65660,92],{"class":84},[52,65662,35972],{"class":88},[52,65664,85],{"class":84},[52,65666,100],{"class":66},[52,65668,4883],{"class":70},[52,65670,100],{"class":66},[52,65672,318],{"class":84},[52,65674,5621],{"class":608},[52,65676,318],{"class":84},[52,65678,2575],{"class":608},[52,65680,5485],{"class":84},[52,65682,65683],{"class":1479},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65685,135],{},[43,65687,65689],{"className":45,"code":65688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65690,65691,65695,65699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65692,65693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65694,47040],{"class":608},[52,65696,65697],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65698,46740],{"class":608},[52,65700,65701],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65702,47040],{"class":608},[20,65704,65705],{},"How this works:",[176,65707,65708,65720,65733],{},[179,65709,65710,65713,65714,65717,65718],{},[15,65711,65712],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65715,65716],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65719,3106],{},[179,65721,65722,65725,65726,65728,65729,65717,65731],{},[15,65723,65724],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65727,2172],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65730,65716],{},[15,65732,627],{},[179,65734,65735,65738,65739,2305,65741,17198,65743],{},[15,65736,65737],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65740,3106],{},[15,65742,2172],{},[15,65744,627],{},[20,65746,65747],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[38,65749,65751],{"id":65750},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65753,65754,65755,92],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65756,40830],{},[20,65758,197],{},[43,65760,65762],{"className":45,"code":65761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65763,65764,65796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65765,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65767,7903],{"class":58},[52,65769,63],{"class":62},[52,65771,3744],{"class":84},[52,65773,100],{"class":66},[52,65775,4199],{"class":70},[52,65777,100],{"class":66},[52,65779,318],{"class":84},[52,65781,67],{"class":66},[52,65783,4208],{"class":70},[52,65785,100],{"class":66},[52,65787,318],{"class":84},[52,65789,67],{"class":66},[52,65791,4217],{"class":70},[52,65793,100],{"class":66},[52,65795,3757],{"class":84},[52,65797,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65799,81],{"class":80},[52,65801,85],{"class":84},[52,65803,7934],{"class":88},[52,65805,92],{"class":84},[52,65807,35972],{"class":88},[52,65809,85],{"class":84},[52,65811,100],{"class":66},[52,65813,33347],{"class":70},[52,65815,100],{"class":66},[52,65817,108],{"class":84},[20,65819,39779,65820,65823],{},[15,65821,65822],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65825,65826],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[43,65828,65830],{"className":45,"code":65829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65831,65832,65864,65877,65881,65894,65913,65919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65833,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858,65860,65862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65835,7903],{"class":58},[52,65837,63],{"class":62},[52,65839,3744],{"class":84},[52,65841,100],{"class":66},[52,65843,4199],{"class":70},[52,65845,100],{"class":66},[52,65847,318],{"class":84},[52,65849,67],{"class":66},[52,65851,4208],{"class":70},[52,65853,100],{"class":66},[52,65855,318],{"class":84},[52,65857,67],{"class":66},[52,65859,4217],{"class":70},[52,65861,100],{"class":66},[52,65863,3757],{"class":84},[52,65865,65866,65869,65871,65873,65875],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,65867,65868],{"class":58},"search_value ",[52,65870,63],{"class":62},[52,65872,67],{"class":66},[52,65874,33347],{"class":70},[52,65876,74],{"class":66},[52,65878,65879],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,65880,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,65882,65883,65885,65888,65890,65892],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,65884,733],{"class":761},[52,65886,65887],{"class":58}," search_value ",[52,65889,1638],{"class":62},[52,65891,6089],{"class":58},[52,65893,804],{"class":84},[52,65895,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65911],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,65897,784],{"class":80},[52,65899,85],{"class":84},[52,65901,7934],{"class":88},[52,65903,92],{"class":84},[52,65905,35972],{"class":88},[52,65907,85],{"class":84},[52,65909,65910],{"class":88},"search_value",[52,65912,108],{"class":84},[52,65914,65915,65917],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,65916,801],{"class":761},[52,65918,804],{"class":84},[52,65920,65921,65923,65925,65927,65930,65932],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,65922,784],{"class":80},[52,65924,85],{"class":84},[52,65926,100],{"class":66},[52,65928,65929],{"class":70},"Item not found",[52,65931,100],{"class":66},[52,65933,329],{"class":84},[20,65935,135],{},[43,65937,65939],{"className":45,"code":65938,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Item not found\n",[15,65940,65941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65942,65943,65946,65948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65944,65945],{"class":58},"Item ",[52,65947,4752],{"class":62},[52,65949,65950],{"class":58}," found\n",[20,65952,65953],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65955,65956,65957,92],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[289,65958,65960],{"href":65959},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[38,65962,4640],{"id":4639},[20,65964,21337,65965,174],{},[15,65966,64987],{},[176,65968,65969,65987,65999,66059],{},[179,65970,25900,65971,2515,65973,65976,65977,65979,65980,5285,65982,65984,65985,92],{},[15,65972,59091],{},[15,65974,65975],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9967,65978],{},"\nPython does ",[3865,65981,4752],{},[15,65983,65975],{},". It raises ",[15,65986,40830],{},[179,65988,65989,65990,65992,65995,65996,65998],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9967,65991],{},[15,65993,65994],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65997,65395],{},", not the value itself.",[179,66000,1828,66001,11214,66004,66006,66008,66009,16781,66011,66034,16769,66036],{},[15,66002,66003],{},"index[]",[15,66005,59091],{},[9967,66007],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9967,66010],{},[43,66012,66014],{"className":45,"code":66013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66015,66016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66019,7934],{"class":58},[52,66021,92],{"class":84},[52,66023,35972],{"class":88},[52,66025,85],{"class":84},[52,66027,100],{"class":66},[52,66029,4208],{"class":70},[52,66031,100],{"class":66},[52,66033,329],{"class":84},[9967,66035],{},[43,66037,66039],{"className":45,"code":66038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66040,66041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66042,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66044,7934],{"class":58},[52,66046,92],{"class":84},[52,66048,35972],{"class":1803},[52,66050,4021],{"class":84},[52,66052,100],{"class":66},[52,66054,4208],{"class":70},[52,66056,100],{"class":66},[52,66058,3757],{"class":84},[179,66060,66061,66062,66064,342,66067,66069,66070],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9967,66063],{},[15,66065,66066],{},"\"3\"",[15,66068,627],{}," are different values in Python.",[43,66071,66073],{"className":45,"code":66072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66074,66075,66095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66076,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66078,3739],{"class":58},[52,66080,63],{"class":62},[52,66082,3744],{"class":84},[52,66084,3106],{"class":608},[52,66086,318],{"class":84},[52,66088,3111],{"class":608},[52,66090,318],{"class":84},[52,66092,609],{"class":608},[52,66094,3757],{"class":84},[52,66096,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66098,81],{"class":80},[52,66100,85],{"class":84},[52,66102,100],{"class":66},[52,66104,627],{"class":70},[52,66106,100],{"class":66},[52,66108,1702],{"class":761},[52,66110,4384],{"class":88},[52,66112,3784],{"class":84},[52,66114,4894],{"class":1479},[20,66116,66117],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,66119,66121],{"className":45,"code":66120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66122,66123,66133,66147,66161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66124,66125,66127,66129,66131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66126,81],{"class":80},[52,66128,85],{"class":84},[52,66130,8463],{"class":88},[52,66132,329],{"class":84},[52,66134,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66136,81],{"class":80},[52,66138,85],{"class":84},[52,66140,1930],{"class":1929},[52,66142,85],{"class":84},[52,66144,65910],{"class":88},[52,66146,108],{"class":84},[52,66148,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,66150,81],{"class":80},[52,66152,85],{"class":84},[52,66154,65868],{"class":88},[52,66156,1638],{"class":761},[52,66158,8519],{"class":88},[52,66160,329],{"class":84},[52,66162,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,66164,81],{"class":80},[52,66166,85],{"class":84},[52,66168,8463],{"class":88},[52,66170,92],{"class":84},[52,66172,35972],{"class":88},[52,66174,85],{"class":84},[52,66176,65910],{"class":88},[52,66178,108],{"class":84},[20,66180,66181],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66183,1814],{},[176,66185,66186,66189,66196,66202],{},[179,66187,66188],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[179,66190,66191,66192,11214,66194],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66193,66066],{},[15,66195,627],{},[179,66197,66198,66199,66201],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66200,59091],{}," returns only the first one",[179,66203,66204],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[38,66206,5084,66208],{"id":66207},"when-to-use-index",[15,66209,59091],{},[20,66211,154,66212,10723],{},[15,66213,59091],{},[176,66215,66216,66219,66222],{},[179,66217,66218],{},"You need the position of a known value",[179,66220,66221],{},"You are working with a small list",[179,66223,66224],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66226,66227],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[38,66229,1940],{"id":1939},[412,66231,5266,66233,5269],{"id":66232},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66234,64987],{},[20,66236,66237],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[412,66239,1944,66241,5285,66243,66245],{"id":66240},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66242,64987],{},[15,66244,65975],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66247,66248,66249,6755],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66250,40830],{},[412,66252,1958,66254,66256],{"id":66253},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66255,64987],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66258,66259],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[412,66261,66263,66264,1993],{"id":66262},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66265,59091],{},[20,66267,66268,66269,342,66271,66273],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66270,341],{},[15,66272,345],{}," arguments.",[38,66275,2005],{"id":2004},[176,66277,66278,66282,66286,66290],{},[179,66279,66280],{},[289,66281,59079],{"href":65416},[179,66283,66284],{},[289,66285,52893],{"href":54692},[179,66287,66288],{},[289,66289,65960],{"href":65959},[179,66291,66292],{},[289,66293,55642,66294,1441],{"href":59150},[15,66295,57413],{},[2035,66297,66298],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":66300},[66301,66302,66304,66305,66306,66307,66308,66310,66311,66312,66314,66324],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":65084,"depth":77,"text":66303},"What list.index() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":38145,"depth":77,"text":38146},{"id":65291,"depth":77,"text":65292},{"id":65420,"depth":77,"text":65421},{"id":65527,"depth":77,"text":66309},"Using start and end",{"id":65750,"depth":77,"text":65751},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640},{"id":66207,"depth":77,"text":66313},"When to use index()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":66315},[66316,66318,66320,66322],{"id":66232,"depth":111,"text":66317},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66240,"depth":111,"text":66319},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66253,"depth":111,"text":66321},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66262,"depth":111,"text":66323},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64975,"description":66325},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66332,"title":66333,"body":66334,"description":68276,"extension":2078,"meta":68277,"navigation":221,"path":68278,"seo":68279,"stem":68280,"__hash__":68281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66335,"toc":68236},[66336,66341,66346,66349,66358,66415,66421,66426,66430,66444,66450,66452,66475,66492,66494,66555,66557,66589,66602,66604,66607,66707,66709,66787,66793,66797,66805,66809,66815,66870,66872,66896,66900,66903,66956,66958,66982,66986,66989,67042,67044,67068,67072,67078,67149,67151,67192,67198,67205,67208,67213,67221,67226,67234,67236,67333,67335,67404,67411,67416,67418,67422,67427,67429,67500,67502,67531,67537,67539,67566,67569,67592,67596,67599,67621,67624,67647,67649,67709,67711,67743,67749,67754,67807,67809,67834,67837,67886,67888,67909,67913,67918,67921,67976,67978,68005,68012,68016,68021,68092,68095,68109,68114,68119,68121,68135,68147,68152,68154,68159,68164,68168,68171,68177,68183,68190,68198,68200,68233],[10,66337,54464,66339,18],{"id":66338},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66340,54390],{},[20,66342,66343,66345],{},[15,66344,54033],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66347,66348],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66350,154,66351,66353,66354,92],{},[15,66352,54390],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[289,66355,55642,66356,1441],{"href":56891},[15,66357,52775],{},[43,66359,66361],{"className":45,"code":66360,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66362,66363,66383,66401,66411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66364,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377,66379,66381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66366,3739],{"class":58},[52,66368,63],{"class":62},[52,66370,3744],{"class":84},[52,66372,3106],{"class":608},[52,66374,318],{"class":84},[52,66376,3111],{"class":608},[52,66378,318],{"class":84},[52,66380,2575],{"class":608},[52,66382,3757],{"class":84},[52,66384,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66386,3771],{"class":58},[52,66388,92],{"class":84},[52,66390,54073],{"class":88},[52,66392,85],{"class":84},[52,66394,2172],{"class":608},[52,66396,318],{"class":84},[52,66398,609],{"class":608},[52,66400,329],{"class":84},[52,66402,66403,66405,66407,66409],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,66404,81],{"class":80},[52,66406,85],{"class":84},[52,66408,3771],{"class":88},[52,66410,329],{"class":84},[52,66412,66413],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,66414,52845],{"class":1479},[20,66416,154,66417,66420],{},[15,66418,66419],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[38,66422,166,66424,169],{"id":66423},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66425,54033],{},[20,66427,66428,174],{},[15,66429,54033],{},[176,66431,66432,66435,66438,66440],{},[179,66433,66434],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[179,66436,66437],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[179,66439,54550],{},[179,66441,184,66442],{},[15,66443,3901],{},[20,66445,66446,66447,66449],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66448,54390],{}," does not create a new list.",[38,66451,5554],{"id":5553},[43,66453,66455],{"className":45,"code":66454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66456,66457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66458,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66460,8463],{"class":58},[52,66462,92],{"class":84},[52,66464,54073],{"class":88},[52,66466,85],{"class":84},[52,66468,35972],{"class":88},[52,66470,318],{"class":84},[52,66472,29633],{"class":88},[52,66474,329],{"class":84},[176,66476,66477,66482,66487],{},[179,66478,66479,66481],{},[15,66480,35972],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[179,66483,66484,66486],{},[15,66485,23437],{}," is the value to add",[179,66488,66489,66490],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66491,2235],{},[20,66493,197],{},[43,66495,66497],{"className":45,"code":66496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66498,66499,66523,66545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66500,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66502,36215],{"class":58},[52,66504,63],{"class":62},[52,66506,3744],{"class":84},[52,66508,100],{"class":66},[52,66510,289],{"class":70},[52,66512,100],{"class":66},[52,66514,318],{"class":84},[52,66516,67],{"class":66},[52,66518,9860],{"class":70},[52,66520,100],{"class":66},[52,66522,3757],{"class":84},[52,66524,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66526,36268],{"class":58},[52,66528,92],{"class":84},[52,66530,54073],{"class":88},[52,66532,85],{"class":84},[52,66534,3106],{"class":608},[52,66536,318],{"class":84},[52,66538,67],{"class":66},[52,66540,4883],{"class":70},[52,66542,100],{"class":66},[52,66544,329],{"class":84},[52,66546,66547,66549,66551,66553],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,66548,81],{"class":80},[52,66550,85],{"class":84},[52,66552,36268],{"class":88},[52,66554,329],{"class":84},[20,66556,135],{},[43,66558,66559],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66560,66561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66562,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66564,4021],{"class":84},[52,66566,1888],{"class":66},[52,66568,289],{"class":70},[52,66570,1888],{"class":66},[52,66572,318],{"class":84},[52,66574,3416],{"class":66},[52,66576,4883],{"class":70},[52,66578,1888],{"class":66},[52,66580,318],{"class":84},[52,66582,3416],{"class":66},[52,66584,9860],{"class":70},[52,66586,1888],{"class":66},[52,66588,3757],{"class":84},[20,66590,20897,66591,66593,66594,66596,66597,342,66599,92],{},[15,66592,65716],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66595,3106],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66598,18221],{},[15,66600,66601],{},"\"c\"",[38,66603,5910],{"id":5909},[20,66605,66606],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[43,66608,66610],{"className":45,"code":66609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66611,66612,66644,66662,66666,66688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66613,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66615,13199],{"class":58},[52,66617,63],{"class":62},[52,66619,3744],{"class":84},[52,66621,100],{"class":66},[52,66623,13216],{"class":70},[52,66625,100],{"class":66},[52,66627,318],{"class":84},[52,66629,67],{"class":66},[52,66631,13233],{"class":70},[52,66633,100],{"class":66},[52,66635,318],{"class":84},[52,66637,67],{"class":66},[52,66639,17580],{"class":70},[52,66641,100],{"class":66},[52,66643,3757],{"class":84},[52,66645,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66647,81],{"class":80},[52,66649,85],{"class":84},[52,66651,100],{"class":66},[52,66653,11686],{"class":70},[52,66655,100],{"class":66},[52,66657,318],{"class":84},[52,66659,13247],{"class":88},[52,66661,329],{"class":84},[52,66663,66664],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,66665,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,66667,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,66669,17627],{"class":58},[52,66671,92],{"class":84},[52,66673,54073],{"class":88},[52,66675,85],{"class":84},[52,66677,3106],{"class":608},[52,66679,318],{"class":84},[52,66681,67],{"class":66},[52,66683,22650],{"class":70},[52,66685,100],{"class":66},[52,66687,329],{"class":84},[52,66689,66690,66692,66694,66696,66699,66701,66703,66705],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,66691,81],{"class":80},[52,66693,85],{"class":84},[52,66695,100],{"class":66},[52,66697,66698],{"class":70},"After: ",[52,66700,100],{"class":66},[52,66702,318],{"class":84},[52,66704,13247],{"class":88},[52,66706,329],{"class":84},[20,66708,135],{},[43,66710,66712],{"className":45,"code":66711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66713,66714,66746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66715,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66717,11746],{"class":58},[52,66719,174],{"class":84},[52,66721,3744],{"class":84},[52,66723,1888],{"class":66},[52,66725,13216],{"class":70},[52,66727,1888],{"class":66},[52,66729,318],{"class":84},[52,66731,3416],{"class":66},[52,66733,13233],{"class":70},[52,66735,1888],{"class":66},[52,66737,318],{"class":84},[52,66739,3416],{"class":66},[52,66741,17580],{"class":70},[52,66743,1888],{"class":66},[52,66745,3757],{"class":84},[52,66747,66748,66750,66752,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66749,11799],{"class":58},[52,66751,174],{"class":84},[52,66753,66754],{"class":84},"  [",[52,66756,1888],{"class":66},[52,66758,13216],{"class":70},[52,66760,1888],{"class":66},[52,66762,318],{"class":84},[52,66764,3416],{"class":66},[52,66766,22650],{"class":70},[52,66768,1888],{"class":66},[52,66770,318],{"class":84},[52,66772,3416],{"class":66},[52,66774,13233],{"class":70},[52,66776,1888],{"class":66},[52,66778,318],{"class":84},[52,66780,3416],{"class":66},[52,66782,17580],{"class":70},[52,66784,1888],{"class":66},[52,66786,3757],{"class":84},[20,66788,66789,66790,66792],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66791,3106],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[38,66794,66796],{"id":66795},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66798,2095,66799,35455,66801,66804],{},[15,66800,35972],{},[15,66802,66803],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[412,66806,66808],{"id":66807},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66810,66811,66812,66814],{},"Use index ",[15,66813,2235],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[43,66816,66818],{"className":45,"code":66817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66819,66820,66841,66860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66821,66822,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66823,66824],{"class":58},"nums ",[52,66826,63],{"class":62},[52,66828,3744],{"class":84},[52,66830,2172],{"class":608},[52,66832,318],{"class":84},[52,66834,609],{"class":608},[52,66836,318],{"class":84},[52,66838,2575],{"class":608},[52,66840,3757],{"class":84},[52,66842,66843,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66844,66845],{"class":58},"nums",[52,66847,92],{"class":84},[52,66849,54073],{"class":88},[52,66851,85],{"class":84},[52,66853,2235],{"class":608},[52,66855,318],{"class":84},[52,66857,5621],{"class":608},[52,66859,329],{"class":84},[52,66861,66862,66864,66866,66868],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,66863,81],{"class":80},[52,66865,85],{"class":84},[52,66867,66845],{"class":88},[52,66869,329],{"class":84},[20,66871,135],{},[43,66873,66874],{"className":45,"code":53627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66875,66876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66877,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66879,4021],{"class":84},[52,66881,3106],{"class":608},[52,66883,318],{"class":84},[52,66885,3111],{"class":608},[52,66887,318],{"class":84},[52,66889,609],{"class":608},[52,66891,318],{"class":84},[52,66893,2575],{"class":608},[52,66895,3757],{"class":84},[412,66897,66899],{"id":66898},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66901,66902],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[43,66904,66906],{"className":45,"code":66905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66907,66908,66928,66946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66909,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66911,66824],{"class":58},[52,66913,63],{"class":62},[52,66915,3744],{"class":84},[52,66917,3106],{"class":608},[52,66919,318],{"class":84},[52,66921,3111],{"class":608},[52,66923,318],{"class":84},[52,66925,2575],{"class":608},[52,66927,3757],{"class":84},[52,66929,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,66931,66845],{"class":58},[52,66933,92],{"class":84},[52,66935,54073],{"class":88},[52,66937,85],{"class":84},[52,66939,2172],{"class":608},[52,66941,318],{"class":84},[52,66943,609],{"class":608},[52,66945,329],{"class":84},[52,66947,66948,66950,66952,66954],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,66949,81],{"class":80},[52,66951,85],{"class":84},[52,66953,66845],{"class":88},[52,66955,329],{"class":84},[20,66957,135],{},[43,66959,66960],{"className":45,"code":53627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66961,66962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66963,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66965,4021],{"class":84},[52,66967,3106],{"class":608},[52,66969,318],{"class":84},[52,66971,3111],{"class":608},[52,66973,318],{"class":84},[52,66975,609],{"class":608},[52,66977,318],{"class":84},[52,66979,2575],{"class":608},[52,66981,3757],{"class":84},[412,66983,66985],{"id":66984},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66987,66988],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[43,66990,66992],{"className":45,"code":66991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66993,66994,67014,67032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66995,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66997,66824],{"class":58},[52,66999,63],{"class":62},[52,67001,3744],{"class":84},[52,67003,3106],{"class":608},[52,67005,318],{"class":84},[52,67007,3111],{"class":608},[52,67009,318],{"class":84},[52,67011,609],{"class":608},[52,67013,3757],{"class":84},[52,67015,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67017,66845],{"class":58},[52,67019,92],{"class":84},[52,67021,54073],{"class":88},[52,67023,85],{"class":84},[52,67025,2448],{"class":608},[52,67027,318],{"class":84},[52,67029,2575],{"class":608},[52,67031,329],{"class":84},[52,67033,67034,67036,67038,67040],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67035,81],{"class":80},[52,67037,85],{"class":84},[52,67039,66845],{"class":88},[52,67041,329],{"class":84},[20,67043,135],{},[43,67045,67046],{"className":45,"code":53627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67047,67048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67049,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67051,4021],{"class":84},[52,67053,3106],{"class":608},[52,67055,318],{"class":84},[52,67057,3111],{"class":608},[52,67059,318],{"class":84},[52,67061,609],{"class":608},[52,67063,318],{"class":84},[52,67065,2575],{"class":608},[52,67067,3757],{"class":84},[412,67069,67071],{"id":67070},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67073,67074,67075,67077],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67076,54390],{}," places the item before that position.",[43,67079,67081],{"className":45,"code":67080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67082,67083,67115,67139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67084,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67086,36215],{"class":58},[52,67088,63],{"class":62},[52,67090,3744],{"class":84},[52,67092,100],{"class":66},[52,67094,289],{"class":70},[52,67096,100],{"class":66},[52,67098,318],{"class":84},[52,67100,67],{"class":66},[52,67102,4883],{"class":70},[52,67104,100],{"class":66},[52,67106,318],{"class":84},[52,67108,67],{"class":66},[52,67110,18893],{"class":70},[52,67112,100],{"class":66},[52,67114,3757],{"class":84},[52,67116,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67118,36268],{"class":58},[52,67120,92],{"class":84},[52,67122,54073],{"class":88},[52,67124,85],{"class":84},[52,67126,2137],{"class":62},[52,67128,3106],{"class":608},[52,67130,318],{"class":84},[52,67132,67],{"class":66},[52,67134,9860],{"class":70},[52,67136,100],{"class":66},[52,67138,329],{"class":84},[52,67140,67141,67143,67145,67147],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67142,81],{"class":80},[52,67144,85],{"class":84},[52,67146,36268],{"class":88},[52,67148,329],{"class":84},[20,67150,135],{},[43,67152,67154],{"className":45,"code":67153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67155,67156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67157,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67159,4021],{"class":84},[52,67161,1888],{"class":66},[52,67163,289],{"class":70},[52,67165,1888],{"class":66},[52,67167,318],{"class":84},[52,67169,3416],{"class":66},[52,67171,4883],{"class":70},[52,67173,1888],{"class":66},[52,67175,318],{"class":84},[52,67177,3416],{"class":66},[52,67179,9860],{"class":70},[52,67181,1888],{"class":66},[52,67183,318],{"class":84},[52,67185,3416],{"class":66},[52,67187,18893],{"class":70},[52,67189,1888],{"class":66},[52,67191,3757],{"class":84},[20,67193,67194,67195,2421],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[289,67196,67197],{"href":51102},"Python lists beginner guide",[38,67199,67201,10707,67203],{"id":67200},"insert-vs-append",[15,67202,54390],{},[15,67204,52775],{},[20,67206,67207],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[412,67209,154,67211,10723],{"id":67210},"use-insert-when",[15,67212,54390],{},[176,67214,67215,67218],{},[179,67216,67217],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[179,67219,67220],{},"The order of the list matters",[412,67222,154,67224,10723],{"id":67223},"use-append-when",[15,67225,52775],{},[176,67227,67228,67231],{},[179,67229,67230],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[179,67232,67233],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67235,197],{},[43,67237,67239],{"className":45,"code":67238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67240,67241,67265,67269,67291,67301,67305,67323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67242,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67244,7903],{"class":58},[52,67246,63],{"class":62},[52,67248,3744],{"class":84},[52,67250,100],{"class":66},[52,67252,4199],{"class":70},[52,67254,100],{"class":66},[52,67256,318],{"class":84},[52,67258,67],{"class":66},[52,67260,33347],{"class":70},[52,67262,100],{"class":66},[52,67264,3757],{"class":84},[52,67266,67267],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67268,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,67270,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67272,7934],{"class":58},[52,67274,92],{"class":84},[52,67276,54073],{"class":88},[52,67278,85],{"class":84},[52,67280,3106],{"class":608},[52,67282,318],{"class":84},[52,67284,67],{"class":66},[52,67286,4208],{"class":70},[52,67288,100],{"class":66},[52,67290,329],{"class":84},[52,67292,67293,67295,67297,67299],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,67294,81],{"class":80},[52,67296,85],{"class":84},[52,67298,7934],{"class":88},[52,67300,329],{"class":84},[52,67302,67303],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,67304,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,67306,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,67308,7934],{"class":58},[52,67310,92],{"class":84},[52,67312,13677],{"class":88},[52,67314,85],{"class":84},[52,67316,100],{"class":66},[52,67318,22659],{"class":70},[52,67320,100],{"class":66},[52,67322,329],{"class":84},[52,67324,67325,67327,67329,67331],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,67326,81],{"class":80},[52,67328,85],{"class":84},[52,67330,7934],{"class":88},[52,67332,329],{"class":84},[20,67334,135],{},[43,67336,67338],{"className":45,"code":67337,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67339,67340,67368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67341,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67343,4021],{"class":84},[52,67345,1888],{"class":66},[52,67347,4199],{"class":70},[52,67349,1888],{"class":66},[52,67351,318],{"class":84},[52,67353,3416],{"class":66},[52,67355,4208],{"class":70},[52,67357,1888],{"class":66},[52,67359,318],{"class":84},[52,67361,3416],{"class":66},[52,67363,33347],{"class":70},[52,67365,1888],{"class":66},[52,67367,3757],{"class":84},[52,67369,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67371,4021],{"class":84},[52,67373,1888],{"class":66},[52,67375,4199],{"class":70},[52,67377,1888],{"class":66},[52,67379,318],{"class":84},[52,67381,3416],{"class":66},[52,67383,4208],{"class":70},[52,67385,1888],{"class":66},[52,67387,318],{"class":84},[52,67389,3416],{"class":66},[52,67391,33347],{"class":70},[52,67393,1888],{"class":66},[52,67395,318],{"class":84},[52,67397,3416],{"class":66},[52,67399,22659],{"class":70},[52,67401,1888],{"class":66},[52,67403,3757],{"class":84},[20,67405,67406,67407,92],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[289,67408,55642,67409,1441],{"href":56891},[15,67410,52775],{},[20,67412,67413,67414,92],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[289,67415,53171],{"href":53170},[38,67417,4640],{"id":4639},[20,67419,14858,67420,92],{},[15,67421,54390],{},[412,67423,12717,67425],{"id":67424},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67426,54390],{},[20,67428,25816],{},[43,67430,67432],{"className":45,"code":67431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67433,67434,67454,67476,67480,67490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67435,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67437,3739],{"class":58},[52,67439,63],{"class":62},[52,67441,3744],{"class":84},[52,67443,3106],{"class":608},[52,67445,318],{"class":84},[52,67447,3111],{"class":608},[52,67449,318],{"class":84},[52,67451,609],{"class":608},[52,67453,3757],{"class":84},[52,67455,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67457,2346],{"class":58},[52,67459,63],{"class":62},[52,67461,4384],{"class":58},[52,67463,92],{"class":84},[52,67465,54073],{"class":88},[52,67467,85],{"class":84},[52,67469,3106],{"class":608},[52,67471,318],{"class":84},[52,67473,10318],{"class":608},[52,67475,329],{"class":84},[52,67477,67478],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67479,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,67481,67482,67484,67486,67488],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,67483,81],{"class":80},[52,67485,85],{"class":84},[52,67487,2381],{"class":88},[52,67489,329],{"class":84},[52,67491,67492,67494,67496,67498],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,67493,81],{"class":80},[52,67495,85],{"class":84},[52,67497,3771],{"class":88},[52,67499,329],{"class":84},[20,67501,135],{},[43,67503,67505],{"className":45,"code":67504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67506,67507,67511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67508,67509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67510,11931],{"class":145},[52,67512,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67514,4021],{"class":84},[52,67516,3106],{"class":608},[52,67518,318],{"class":84},[52,67520,10318],{"class":608},[52,67522,318],{"class":84},[52,67524,3111],{"class":608},[52,67526,318],{"class":84},[52,67528,609],{"class":608},[52,67530,3757],{"class":84},[20,67532,67533,54275,67535,92],{},[15,67534,54390],{},[15,67536,3901],{},[20,67538,16769],{},[43,67540,67542],{"className":45,"code":67541,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67543,67544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67545,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67547,56012],{"class":58},[52,67549,63],{"class":62},[52,67551,4384],{"class":58},[52,67553,92],{"class":84},[52,67555,54073],{"class":88},[52,67557,85],{"class":84},[52,67559,3106],{"class":608},[52,67561,318],{"class":84},[52,67563,10318],{"class":608},[52,67565,329],{"class":84},[20,67567,67568],{},"Right:",[43,67570,67572],{"className":45,"code":67571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67573,67574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67575,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67577,3771],{"class":58},[52,67579,92],{"class":84},[52,67581,54073],{"class":88},[52,67583,85],{"class":84},[52,67585,3106],{"class":608},[52,67587,318],{"class":84},[52,67589,10318],{"class":608},[52,67591,329],{"class":84},[412,67593,67595],{"id":67594},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67597,67598],{},"The correct order is:",[43,67600,67601],{"className":45,"code":66454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67602,67603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67604,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67606,8463],{"class":58},[52,67608,92],{"class":84},[52,67610,54073],{"class":88},[52,67612,85],{"class":84},[52,67614,35972],{"class":88},[52,67616,318],{"class":84},[52,67618,29633],{"class":88},[52,67620,329],{"class":84},[20,67622,67623],{},"Not:",[43,67625,67627],{"className":45,"code":67626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67628,67629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67630,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67632,8463],{"class":58},[52,67634,92],{"class":84},[52,67636,54073],{"class":88},[52,67638,85],{"class":84},[52,67640,23437],{"class":88},[52,67642,318],{"class":84},[52,67644,35947],{"class":88},[52,67646,329],{"class":84},[20,67648,197],{},[43,67650,67651],{"className":45,"code":66496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67652,67653,67677,67699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67654,67655,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67656,36215],{"class":58},[52,67658,63],{"class":62},[52,67660,3744],{"class":84},[52,67662,100],{"class":66},[52,67664,289],{"class":70},[52,67666,100],{"class":66},[52,67668,318],{"class":84},[52,67670,67],{"class":66},[52,67672,9860],{"class":70},[52,67674,100],{"class":66},[52,67676,3757],{"class":84},[52,67678,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689,67691,67693,67695,67697],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67680,36268],{"class":58},[52,67682,92],{"class":84},[52,67684,54073],{"class":88},[52,67686,85],{"class":84},[52,67688,3106],{"class":608},[52,67690,318],{"class":84},[52,67692,67],{"class":66},[52,67694,4883],{"class":70},[52,67696,100],{"class":66},[52,67698,329],{"class":84},[52,67700,67701,67703,67705,67707],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67702,81],{"class":80},[52,67704,85],{"class":84},[52,67706,36268],{"class":88},[52,67708,329],{"class":84},[20,67710,135],{},[43,67712,67713],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67714,67715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67716,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67718,4021],{"class":84},[52,67720,1888],{"class":66},[52,67722,289],{"class":70},[52,67724,1888],{"class":66},[52,67726,318],{"class":84},[52,67728,3416],{"class":66},[52,67730,4883],{"class":70},[52,67732,1888],{"class":66},[52,67734,318],{"class":84},[52,67736,3416],{"class":66},[52,67738,9860],{"class":70},[52,67740,1888],{"class":66},[52,67742,3757],{"class":84},[412,67744,1725,67746,67748],{"id":67745},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67747,54390],{}," to replace an item",[20,67750,67751,67753],{},[15,67752,54390],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[43,67755,67757],{"className":45,"code":67756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67758,67759,67779,67797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67760,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67762,3739],{"class":58},[52,67764,63],{"class":62},[52,67766,3744],{"class":84},[52,67768,3106],{"class":608},[52,67770,318],{"class":84},[52,67772,3111],{"class":608},[52,67774,318],{"class":84},[52,67776,609],{"class":608},[52,67778,3757],{"class":84},[52,67780,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67782,3771],{"class":58},[52,67784,92],{"class":84},[52,67786,54073],{"class":88},[52,67788,85],{"class":84},[52,67790,3106],{"class":608},[52,67792,318],{"class":84},[52,67794,10318],{"class":608},[52,67796,329],{"class":84},[52,67798,67799,67801,67803,67805],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67800,81],{"class":80},[52,67802,85],{"class":84},[52,67804,3771],{"class":88},[52,67806,329],{"class":84},[20,67808,135],{},[43,67810,67812],{"className":45,"code":67811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67813,67814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67815,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67817,4021],{"class":84},[52,67819,3106],{"class":608},[52,67821,318],{"class":84},[52,67823,10318],{"class":608},[52,67825,318],{"class":84},[52,67827,3111],{"class":608},[52,67829,318],{"class":84},[52,67831,609],{"class":608},[52,67833,3757],{"class":84},[20,67835,67836],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[43,67838,67840],{"className":45,"code":67839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67841,67842,67862,67876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67843,67844,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67845,3739],{"class":58},[52,67847,63],{"class":62},[52,67849,3744],{"class":84},[52,67851,3106],{"class":608},[52,67853,318],{"class":84},[52,67855,3111],{"class":608},[52,67857,318],{"class":84},[52,67859,609],{"class":608},[52,67861,3757],{"class":84},[52,67863,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67865,3771],{"class":58},[52,67867,4021],{"class":84},[52,67869,3106],{"class":608},[52,67871,13397],{"class":84},[52,67873,13400],{"class":62},[52,67875,14255],{"class":608},[52,67877,67878,67880,67882,67884],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67879,81],{"class":80},[52,67881,85],{"class":84},[52,67883,3771],{"class":88},[52,67885,329],{"class":84},[20,67887,135],{},[43,67889,67891],{"className":45,"code":67890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67892,67893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67894,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67896,4021],{"class":84},[52,67898,3106],{"class":608},[52,67900,318],{"class":84},[52,67902,10318],{"class":608},[52,67904,318],{"class":84},[52,67906,609],{"class":608},[52,67908,3757],{"class":84},[412,67910,67912],{"id":67911},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67914,67915,67917],{},[15,67916,54390],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67919,67920],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[43,67922,67924],{"className":45,"code":67923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67925,67926,67942,67966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67927,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67929,3739],{"class":58},[52,67931,63],{"class":62},[52,67933,3744],{"class":84},[52,67935,3106],{"class":608},[52,67937,318],{"class":84},[52,67939,2575],{"class":608},[52,67941,3757],{"class":84},[52,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,67945,3771],{"class":58},[52,67947,92],{"class":84},[52,67949,54073],{"class":88},[52,67951,85],{"class":84},[52,67953,3106],{"class":608},[52,67955,318],{"class":84},[52,67957,3744],{"class":84},[52,67959,2172],{"class":608},[52,67961,318],{"class":84},[52,67963,609],{"class":608},[52,67965,4009],{"class":84},[52,67967,67968,67970,67972,67974],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,67969,81],{"class":80},[52,67971,85],{"class":84},[52,67973,3771],{"class":88},[52,67975,329],{"class":84},[20,67977,135],{},[43,67979,67981],{"className":45,"code":67980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67982,67983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67984,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67986,4021],{"class":84},[52,67988,3106],{"class":608},[52,67990,318],{"class":84},[52,67992,3744],{"class":84},[52,67994,2172],{"class":608},[52,67996,318],{"class":84},[52,67998,609],{"class":608},[52,68000,18187],{"class":84},[52,68002,2575],{"class":608},[52,68004,3757],{"class":84},[20,68006,68007,68008,92],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[289,68009,55642,68010,1441],{"href":53466},[15,68011,53568],{},[412,68013,68015],{"id":68014},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68017,8995,68018,68020],{},[15,68019,54390],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[43,68022,68024],{"className":45,"code":68023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68025,68026,68036,68050,68068,68082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68027,68028,68030,68032,68034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68029,81],{"class":80},[52,68031,85],{"class":84},[52,68033,8463],{"class":88},[52,68035,329],{"class":84},[52,68037,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68039,81],{"class":80},[52,68041,85],{"class":84},[52,68043,11284],{"class":80},[52,68045,85],{"class":84},[52,68047,8463],{"class":88},[52,68049,108],{"class":84},[52,68051,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,68053,81],{"class":80},[52,68055,85],{"class":84},[52,68057,8463],{"class":88},[52,68059,92],{"class":84},[52,68061,54073],{"class":1803},[52,68063,92],{"class":84},[52,68065,34573],{"class":841},[52,68067,329],{"class":84},[52,68069,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078,68080],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,68071,32278],{"class":80},[52,68073,85],{"class":84},[52,68075,8217],{"class":1929},[52,68077,92],{"class":84},[52,68079,54073],{"class":1803},[52,68081,329],{"class":84},[52,68083,68084,68086,68088,68090],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,68085,1930],{"class":1929},[52,68087,85],{"class":84},[52,68089,8463],{"class":88},[52,68091,329],{"class":84},[20,68093,68094],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[176,68096,68097,68100,68103,68106],{},[179,68098,68099],{},"What is currently in the list",[179,68101,68102],{},"How long the list is",[179,68104,68105],{},"That you are working with a real list",[179,68107,68108],{},"How Python describes the method",[38,68110,5084,68112],{"id":68111},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68113,54390],{},[20,68115,154,68116,68118],{},[15,68117,54390],{}," when position matters.",[20,68120,36551],{},[176,68122,68123,68126,68129,68132],{},[179,68124,68125],{},"Ordered menus",[179,68127,68128],{},"Rankings or score lists",[179,68130,68131],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[179,68133,68134],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68136,68137,68138,68140,68141,68143,68144,68146],{},"You usually do ",[3865,68139,4752],{}," need ",[15,68142,54390],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68145,52775],{}," is simpler.",[20,68148,68149,68150,92],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[289,68151,57277],{"href":57276},[38,68153,1940],{"id":1939},[412,68155,1944,68157,55591],{"id":68156},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68158,54033],{},[20,68160,68161,68162,92],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68163,3901],{},[412,68165,68167],{"id":68166},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68169,68170],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[412,68172,1958,68174,68176],{"id":68173},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68175,54033],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68178,68179,68180,68182],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68181,53568],{}," or slicing.",[412,68184,1987,68186,342,68188,1993],{"id":68185},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68187,54390],{},[15,68189,52775],{},[20,68191,68192,68194,68195,68197],{},[15,68193,54390],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68196,52775],{}," adds only at the end.",[38,68199,2005],{"id":2004},[176,68201,68202,68208,68214,68218,68222,68226],{},[179,68203,68204],{},[289,68205,55642,68206,1441],{"href":56891},[15,68207,52775],{},[179,68209,68210],{},[289,68211,55642,68212,1441],{"href":53466},[15,68213,53568],{},[179,68215,68216],{},[289,68217,54400],{"href":53170},[179,68219,68220],{},[289,68221,52893],{"href":51102},[179,68223,68224],{},[289,68225,57351],{"href":57276},[179,68227,68228],{},[289,68229,30473,68230,33760],{"href":54418},[15,68231,68232],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2035,68234,68235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":68237},[68238,68240,68241,68242,68248,68255,68264,68266,68275],{"id":66423,"depth":77,"text":68239},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5553,"depth":77,"text":5554},{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":66795,"depth":77,"text":66796,"children":68243},[68244,68245,68246,68247],{"id":66807,"depth":111,"text":66808},{"id":66898,"depth":111,"text":66899},{"id":66984,"depth":111,"text":66985},{"id":67070,"depth":111,"text":67071},{"id":67200,"depth":77,"text":68249,"children":68250},"insert() vs append()",[68251,68253],{"id":67210,"depth":111,"text":68252},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67223,"depth":111,"text":68254},"Use append() when:",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":68256},[68257,68259,68260,68262,68263],{"id":67424,"depth":111,"text":68258},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67594,"depth":111,"text":67595},{"id":67745,"depth":111,"text":68261},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67911,"depth":111,"text":67912},{"id":68014,"depth":111,"text":68015},{"id":68111,"depth":77,"text":68265},"When to use insert()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":68267},[68268,68270,68271,68273],{"id":68156,"depth":111,"text":68269},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68166,"depth":111,"text":68167},{"id":68173,"depth":111,"text":68272},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68185,"depth":111,"text":68274},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66333,"description":68276},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68283,"title":68284,"body":68285,"description":69840,"extension":2078,"meta":69841,"navigation":221,"path":59096,"seo":69842,"stem":69843,"__hash__":69844},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68286,"toc":69813},[68287,68293,68302,68351,68353,68361,68367,68369,68387,68393,68398,68401,68404,68419,68421,68473,68475,68483,68491,68498,68500,68506,68571,68573,68581,68583,68602,68605,68656,68660,68665,68692,68694,68702,68705,68774,68776,68791,68797,68801,68810,68813,68868,68870,68878,68881,68883,68928,68930,68938,68944,68946,68954,68957,68959,68998,69000,69039,69044,69046,69048,69083,69086,69088,69126,69130,69136,69138,69189,69191,69199,69206,69209,69230,69233,69288,69299,69301,69362,69364,69373,69380,69386,69389,69392,69449,69452,69465,69472,69478,69484,69486,69499,69502,69599,69601,69618,69621,69703,69705,69727,69734,69740,69742,69746,69752,69758,69763,69767,69770,69776,69783,69785,69810],[10,68288,68290,68291,3784],{"id":68289},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68292,11284],{},[20,68294,68295,68296,68298,68299,68301],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68297,42486],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68300,42486],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[43,68303,68305],{"className":45,"code":68304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68306,68307,68327,68341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68308,68309,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68310,3739],{"class":58},[52,68312,63],{"class":62},[52,68314,3744],{"class":84},[52,68316,2448],{"class":608},[52,68318,318],{"class":84},[52,68320,7914],{"class":608},[52,68322,318],{"class":84},[52,68324,7919],{"class":608},[52,68326,3757],{"class":84},[52,68328,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68330,41368],{"class":58},[52,68332,63],{"class":62},[52,68334,38512],{"class":80},[52,68336,85],{"class":84},[52,68338,3771],{"class":88},[52,68340,329],{"class":84},[52,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,68344,81],{"class":80},[52,68346,85],{"class":84},[52,68348,41386],{"class":88},[52,68350,329],{"class":84},[20,68352,135],{},[43,68354,68355],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68356,68357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68358,68359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68360,46740],{"class":608},[20,68362,154,68363,68366],{},[15,68364,68365],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[38,68368,15287],{"id":15286},[176,68370,68371,68376,68381,68384],{},[179,68372,4319,68373,68375],{},[15,68374,42486],{}," works with Python lists",[179,68377,68378,68379,11828],{},"What value ",[15,68380,42486],{},[179,68382,68383],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[179,68385,68386],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[38,68388,166,68390,68392],{"id":68389},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68391,42486],{}," returns for a list",[20,68394,68395,65206],{},[15,68396,68397],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68399,68400],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68402,68403],{},"A few important points:",[176,68405,68406,68409,68414],{},[179,68407,68408],{},"It counts list items",[179,68410,41032,68411,68413],{},[3865,68412,4752],{}," count characters inside a string item",[179,68415,68416,68417],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68418,2235],{},[20,68420,197],{},[43,68422,68424],{"className":45,"code":68423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68425,68426,68459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68427,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442,68444,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68429,4190],{"class":58},[52,68431,63],{"class":62},[52,68433,3744],{"class":84},[52,68435,100],{"class":66},[52,68437,37173],{"class":70},[52,68439,100],{"class":66},[52,68441,318],{"class":84},[52,68443,67],{"class":66},[52,68445,68446],{"class":70},"elephant",[52,68448,100],{"class":66},[52,68450,318],{"class":84},[52,68452,67],{"class":66},[52,68454,58250],{"class":70},[52,68456,100],{"class":66},[52,68458,3757],{"class":84},[52,68460,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68462,81],{"class":80},[52,68464,85],{"class":84},[52,68466,11284],{"class":80},[52,68468,85],{"class":84},[52,68470,4234],{"class":88},[52,68472,108],{"class":84},[20,68474,135],{},[43,68476,68477],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68478,68479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68480,68481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68482,46740],{"class":608},[20,68484,21104,68485,68488,68489,65213],{},[15,68486,68487],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3865,68490,52779],{},[20,68492,68493,68494,92],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[289,68495,3696,68496,3629],{"href":42483},[15,68497,42486],{},[38,68499,5910],{"id":5909},[20,68501,68502,68503,68505],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68504,42486],{},", and print the result.",[43,68507,68509],{"className":45,"code":68508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68510,68511,68543,68557,68561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68512,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68514,13199],{"class":58},[52,68516,63],{"class":62},[52,68518,3744],{"class":84},[52,68520,100],{"class":66},[52,68522,13216],{"class":70},[52,68524,100],{"class":66},[52,68526,318],{"class":84},[52,68528,67],{"class":66},[52,68530,17580],{"class":70},[52,68532,100],{"class":66},[52,68534,318],{"class":84},[52,68536,67],{"class":66},[52,68538,13233],{"class":70},[52,68540,100],{"class":66},[52,68542,3757],{"class":84},[52,68544,68545,68547,68549,68551,68553,68555],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68546,41368],{"class":58},[52,68548,63],{"class":62},[52,68550,38512],{"class":80},[52,68552,85],{"class":84},[52,68554,17627],{"class":88},[52,68556,329],{"class":84},[52,68558,68559],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,68560,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,68562,68563,68565,68567,68569],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,68564,81],{"class":80},[52,68566,85],{"class":84},[52,68568,41386],{"class":88},[52,68570,329],{"class":84},[20,68572,135],{},[43,68574,68575],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68576,68577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68578,68579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68580,46740],{"class":608},[20,68582,11806],{},[176,68584,68585,68590,68597],{},[179,68586,68587,68589],{},[15,68588,17627],{}," is a list with 3 items",[179,68591,68592,2515,68595],{},[15,68593,68594],{},"len(colors)",[15,68596,627],{},[179,68598,68599,68600],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68601,41386],{},[20,68603,68604],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[43,68606,68608],{"className":45,"code":68607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68609,68610,68642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68611,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68613,13199],{"class":58},[52,68615,63],{"class":62},[52,68617,3744],{"class":84},[52,68619,100],{"class":66},[52,68621,13216],{"class":70},[52,68623,100],{"class":66},[52,68625,318],{"class":84},[52,68627,67],{"class":66},[52,68629,17580],{"class":70},[52,68631,100],{"class":66},[52,68633,318],{"class":84},[52,68635,67],{"class":66},[52,68637,13233],{"class":70},[52,68639,100],{"class":66},[52,68641,3757],{"class":84},[52,68643,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68645,81],{"class":80},[52,68647,85],{"class":84},[52,68649,11284],{"class":80},[52,68651,85],{"class":84},[52,68653,17627],{"class":88},[52,68655,108],{"class":84},[38,68657,68659],{"id":68658},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68661,68662,68663,92],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68664,2235],{},[43,68666,68668],{"className":45,"code":68667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68669,68670,68678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68671,68672,68674,68676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68673,7903],{"class":58},[52,68675,63],{"class":62},[52,68677,7963],{"class":84},[52,68679,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68681,81],{"class":80},[52,68683,85],{"class":84},[52,68685,11284],{"class":80},[52,68687,85],{"class":84},[52,68689,7934],{"class":88},[52,68691,108],{"class":84},[20,68693,135],{},[43,68695,68696],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68697,68698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68699,68700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68701,47375],{"class":608},[20,68703,68704],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[43,68706,68708],{"className":45,"code":68707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68709,68710,68718,68722,68740,68754,68760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68711,68712,68714,68716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68713,7903],{"class":58},[52,68715,63],{"class":62},[52,68717,7963],{"class":84},[52,68719,68720],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68721,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,68723,68724,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,68725,733],{"class":761},[52,68727,38512],{"class":80},[52,68729,85],{"class":84},[52,68731,7934],{"class":88},[52,68733,3784],{"class":84},[52,68735,38522],{"class":62},[52,68737,683],{"class":608},[52,68739,804],{"class":84},[52,68741,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,68743,784],{"class":80},[52,68745,85],{"class":84},[52,68747,7934],{"class":88},[52,68749,4021],{"class":84},[52,68751,2235],{"class":608},[52,68753,4009],{"class":84},[52,68755,68756,68758],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,68757,801],{"class":761},[52,68759,804],{"class":84},[52,68761,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,68763,784],{"class":80},[52,68765,85],{"class":84},[52,68767,100],{"class":66},[52,68769,51939],{"class":70},[52,68771,100],{"class":66},[52,68773,329],{"class":84},[20,68775,135],{},[43,68777,68779],{"className":45,"code":68778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is empty\n",[15,68780,68781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68782,68783,68785,68787,68789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68784,2095],{"class":58},[52,68786,8217],{"class":1929},[52,68788,8220],{"class":62},[52,68790,8226],{"class":58},[20,68792,68793,68794,68796],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[289,68795,52893],{"href":51102}," is a good next step.",[38,68798,68800],{"id":68799},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68802,68803,68805,68806,68809],{},[15,68804,42486],{}," counts only the ",[3865,68807,68808],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68811,68812],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[43,68814,68816],{"className":45,"code":68815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68817,68818,68854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68819,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68821,9286],{"class":58},[52,68823,63],{"class":62},[52,68825,56416],{"class":84},[52,68827,3106],{"class":608},[52,68829,318],{"class":84},[52,68831,3111],{"class":608},[52,68833,18187],{"class":84},[52,68835,3744],{"class":84},[52,68837,627],{"class":608},[52,68839,318],{"class":84},[52,68841,2575],{"class":608},[52,68843,18187],{"class":84},[52,68845,3744],{"class":84},[52,68847,2252],{"class":608},[52,68849,318],{"class":84},[52,68851,37769],{"class":608},[52,68853,53364],{"class":84},[52,68855,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68857,81],{"class":80},[52,68859,85],{"class":84},[52,68861,11284],{"class":80},[52,68863,85],{"class":84},[52,68865,9325],{"class":88},[52,68867,108],{"class":84},[20,68869,135],{},[43,68871,68872],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68873,68874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68875,68876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68877,46740],{"class":608},[20,68879,68880],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68882,1342],{},[43,68884,68886],{"className":45,"code":68885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68887,68888,68914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68889,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68891,59596],{"class":58},[52,68893,63],{"class":62},[52,68895,3744],{"class":84},[52,68897,3106],{"class":608},[52,68899,318],{"class":84},[52,68901,3744],{"class":84},[52,68903,2172],{"class":608},[52,68905,318],{"class":84},[52,68907,609],{"class":608},[52,68909,18187],{"class":84},[52,68911,2575],{"class":608},[52,68913,3757],{"class":84},[52,68915,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68917,81],{"class":80},[52,68919,85],{"class":84},[52,68921,11284],{"class":80},[52,68923,85],{"class":84},[52,68925,59649],{"class":88},[52,68927,108],{"class":84},[20,68929,135],{},[43,68931,68932],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68933,68934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68935,68936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68937,46740],{"class":608},[20,68939,21104,68940,68943],{},[15,68941,68942],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[38,68945,4640],{"id":4639},[412,68947,1828,68949,11214,68952],{"id":68948},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68950,68951],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68953,68397],{},[20,68955,68956],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68958,16769],{},[43,68960,68962],{"className":45,"code":68961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68963,68964,68984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68965,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68967,3739],{"class":58},[52,68969,63],{"class":62},[52,68971,3744],{"class":84},[52,68973,2448],{"class":608},[52,68975,318],{"class":84},[52,68977,7914],{"class":608},[52,68979,318],{"class":84},[52,68981,7919],{"class":608},[52,68983,3757],{"class":84},[52,68985,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,68987,81],{"class":80},[52,68989,85],{"class":84},[52,68991,3771],{"class":88},[52,68993,92],{"class":84},[52,68995,11284],{"class":88},[52,68997,7317],{"class":84},[20,68999,16781],{},[43,69001,69003],{"className":45,"code":69002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69004,69005,69025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69006,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69008,3739],{"class":58},[52,69010,63],{"class":62},[52,69012,3744],{"class":84},[52,69014,2448],{"class":608},[52,69016,318],{"class":84},[52,69018,7914],{"class":608},[52,69020,318],{"class":84},[52,69022,7919],{"class":608},[52,69024,3757],{"class":84},[52,69026,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035,69037],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69028,81],{"class":80},[52,69030,85],{"class":84},[52,69032,11284],{"class":80},[52,69034,85],{"class":84},[52,69036,3771],{"class":88},[52,69038,108],{"class":84},[20,69040,69041,69043],{},[15,69042,42486],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[412,69045,25813],{"id":25812},[20,69047,16769],{},[43,69049,69051],{"className":45,"code":69050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69052,69053,69073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69056,3739],{"class":58},[52,69058,63],{"class":62},[52,69060,3744],{"class":84},[52,69062,2448],{"class":608},[52,69064,318],{"class":84},[52,69066,7914],{"class":608},[52,69068,318],{"class":84},[52,69070,7919],{"class":608},[52,69072,3757],{"class":84},[52,69074,69075,69077,69079,69081],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69076,81],{"class":80},[52,69078,85],{"class":84},[52,69080,11284],{"class":80},[52,69082,329],{"class":84},[20,69084,69085],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69087,16781],{},[43,69089,69090],{"className":45,"code":69002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69091,69092,69112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69093,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69095,3739],{"class":58},[52,69097,63],{"class":62},[52,69099,3744],{"class":84},[52,69101,2448],{"class":608},[52,69103,318],{"class":84},[52,69105,7914],{"class":608},[52,69107,318],{"class":84},[52,69109,7919],{"class":608},[52,69111,3757],{"class":84},[52,69113,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69115,81],{"class":80},[52,69117,85],{"class":84},[52,69119,11284],{"class":80},[52,69121,85],{"class":84},[52,69123,3771],{"class":88},[52,69125,108],{"class":84},[412,69127,69129],{"id":69128},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69131,69132,69133,69135],{},"The length of a list is ",[3865,69134,4752],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69137,197],{},[43,69139,69141],{"className":45,"code":69140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69142,69143,69175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69144,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69146,36215],{"class":58},[52,69148,63],{"class":62},[52,69150,3744],{"class":84},[52,69152,100],{"class":66},[52,69154,289],{"class":70},[52,69156,100],{"class":66},[52,69158,318],{"class":84},[52,69160,67],{"class":66},[52,69162,4883],{"class":70},[52,69164,100],{"class":66},[52,69166,318],{"class":84},[52,69168,67],{"class":66},[52,69170,9860],{"class":70},[52,69172,100],{"class":66},[52,69174,3757],{"class":84},[52,69176,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69178,81],{"class":80},[52,69180,85],{"class":84},[52,69182,11284],{"class":80},[52,69184,85],{"class":84},[52,69186,36268],{"class":88},[52,69188,108],{"class":84},[20,69190,135],{},[43,69192,69193],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69194,69195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69196,69197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69198,46740],{"class":608},[20,69200,69201,69202,19089,69204,92],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69203,2172],{},[15,69205,627],{},[20,69207,69208],{},"Indexes are:",[176,69210,69211,69218,69224],{},[179,69212,69213,69215,69216],{},[15,69214,2235],{}," for ",[15,69217,18221],{},[179,69219,69220,69215,69222],{},[15,69221,3106],{},[15,69223,65716],{},[179,69225,69226,69215,69228],{},[15,69227,2172],{},[15,69229,66601],{},[20,69231,69232],{},"So this causes an error:",[43,69234,69236],{"className":45,"code":69235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69237,69238,69270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69239,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69241,36215],{"class":58},[52,69243,63],{"class":62},[52,69245,3744],{"class":84},[52,69247,100],{"class":66},[52,69249,289],{"class":70},[52,69251,100],{"class":66},[52,69253,318],{"class":84},[52,69255,67],{"class":66},[52,69257,4883],{"class":70},[52,69259,100],{"class":66},[52,69261,318],{"class":84},[52,69263,67],{"class":66},[52,69265,9860],{"class":70},[52,69267,100],{"class":66},[52,69269,3757],{"class":84},[52,69271,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69273,81],{"class":80},[52,69275,85],{"class":84},[52,69277,36268],{"class":88},[52,69279,4021],{"class":84},[52,69281,11284],{"class":80},[52,69283,85],{"class":84},[52,69285,36268],{"class":88},[52,69287,10801],{"class":84},[20,69289,8617,69290,4906,69293,69295,69296,69298],{},[15,69291,69292],{},"len(letters)",[15,69294,627],{},", and index ",[15,69297,627],{}," does not exist.",[20,69300,18966],{},[43,69302,69304],{"className":45,"code":69303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69305,69306,69338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69307,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69309,36215],{"class":58},[52,69311,63],{"class":62},[52,69313,3744],{"class":84},[52,69315,100],{"class":66},[52,69317,289],{"class":70},[52,69319,100],{"class":66},[52,69321,318],{"class":84},[52,69323,67],{"class":66},[52,69325,4883],{"class":70},[52,69327,100],{"class":66},[52,69329,318],{"class":84},[52,69331,67],{"class":66},[52,69333,9860],{"class":70},[52,69335,100],{"class":66},[52,69337,3757],{"class":84},[52,69339,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69341,81],{"class":80},[52,69343,85],{"class":84},[52,69345,36268],{"class":88},[52,69347,4021],{"class":84},[52,69349,11284],{"class":80},[52,69351,85],{"class":84},[52,69353,36268],{"class":88},[52,69355,3784],{"class":84},[52,69357,2338],{"class":62},[52,69359,5621],{"class":608},[52,69361,4009],{"class":84},[20,69363,135],{},[43,69365,69367],{"className":45,"code":69366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"c\n",[15,69368,69369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69370,69371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69372,69366],{"class":58},[20,69374,69375,69376,92],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[289,69377,69379],{"href":69378},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[412,69381,1828,69383,69385],{"id":69382},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69384,42486],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69387,69388],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69390,69391],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[43,69393,69395],{"className":45,"code":69394,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69396,69397,69407,69421,69435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69398,69399,69401,69403,69405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69400,81],{"class":80},[52,69402,85],{"class":84},[52,69404,8463],{"class":88},[52,69406,329],{"class":84},[52,69408,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69410,81],{"class":80},[52,69412,85],{"class":84},[52,69414,11284],{"class":80},[52,69416,85],{"class":84},[52,69418,8463],{"class":88},[52,69420,108],{"class":84},[52,69422,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,69424,81],{"class":80},[52,69426,85],{"class":84},[52,69428,1930],{"class":1929},[52,69430,85],{"class":84},[52,69432,8463],{"class":88},[52,69434,108],{"class":84},[52,69436,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,69438,81],{"class":80},[52,69440,85],{"class":84},[52,69442,8463],{"class":88},[52,69444,4021],{"class":84},[52,69446,2235],{"class":608},[52,69448,4009],{"class":84},[20,69450,69451],{},"These help you verify:",[176,69453,69454,69457,69459,69462],{},[179,69455,69456],{},"what the variable contains",[179,69458,60906],{},[179,69460,69461],{},"whether it is really a list",[179,69463,69464],{},"what the first item is",[20,69466,69467,69468,69471],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69469,69470],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[38,69473,5084,69475,69477],{"id":69474},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69476,42486],{}," with lists",[20,69479,69480,69481,69483],{},"You will often use ",[15,69482,42486],{}," in real programs.",[20,69485,9494],{},[176,69487,69488,69490,69493,69496],{},[179,69489,51893],{},[179,69491,69492],{},"Control loops",[179,69494,69495],{},"Validate input or results",[179,69497,69498],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69500,69501],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[43,69503,69505],{"className":45,"code":69504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69506,69507,69527,69543,69547,69561,69575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69508,69509,69511,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69510,2673],{"class":58},[52,69512,63],{"class":62},[52,69514,3744],{"class":84},[52,69516,3106],{"class":608},[52,69518,318],{"class":84},[52,69520,3111],{"class":608},[52,69522,318],{"class":84},[52,69524,609],{"class":608},[52,69526,3757],{"class":84},[52,69528,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69530,2701],{"class":58},[52,69532,63],{"class":62},[52,69534,3744],{"class":84},[52,69536,2448],{"class":608},[52,69538,318],{"class":84},[52,69540,7914],{"class":608},[52,69542,3757],{"class":84},[52,69544,69545],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,69546,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,69548,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557,69559],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,69550,81],{"class":80},[52,69552,85],{"class":84},[52,69554,11284],{"class":80},[52,69556,85],{"class":84},[52,69558,289],{"class":88},[52,69560,108],{"class":84},[52,69562,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,69564,81],{"class":80},[52,69566,85],{"class":84},[52,69568,11284],{"class":80},[52,69570,85],{"class":84},[52,69572,4883],{"class":88},[52,69574,108],{"class":84},[52,69576,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,69578,81],{"class":80},[52,69580,85],{"class":84},[52,69582,11284],{"class":80},[52,69584,85],{"class":84},[52,69586,289],{"class":88},[52,69588,3784],{"class":84},[52,69590,38522],{"class":62},[52,69592,38512],{"class":80},[52,69594,85],{"class":84},[52,69596,4883],{"class":88},[52,69598,108],{"class":84},[20,69600,135],{},[43,69602,69604],{"className":45,"code":69603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69605,69606,69610,69614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69607,69608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69609,46740],{"class":608},[52,69611,69612],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69613,17182],{"class":608},[52,69615,69616],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,69617,146],{"class":145},[20,69619,69620],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[43,69622,69624],{"className":45,"code":69623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69625,69626,69658,69662,69684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69627,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69629,5118],{"class":58},[52,69631,63],{"class":62},[52,69633,3744],{"class":84},[52,69635,100],{"class":66},[52,69637,13003],{"class":70},[52,69639,100],{"class":66},[52,69641,318],{"class":84},[52,69643,67],{"class":66},[52,69645,36067],{"class":70},[52,69647,100],{"class":66},[52,69649,318],{"class":84},[52,69651,67],{"class":66},[52,69653,36076],{"class":70},[52,69655,100],{"class":66},[52,69657,3757],{"class":84},[52,69659,69660],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69661,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,69663,69664,69666,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,69665,6081],{"class":761},[52,69667,69668],{"class":58}," i ",[52,69670,1638],{"class":761},[52,69672,54192],{"class":80},[52,69674,85],{"class":84},[52,69676,11284],{"class":80},[52,69678,85],{"class":84},[52,69680,5162],{"class":88},[52,69682,69683],{"class":84},")):\n",[52,69685,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69697,69699,69701],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,69687,784],{"class":80},[52,69689,85],{"class":84},[52,69691,36279],{"class":88},[52,69693,318],{"class":84},[52,69695,69696],{"class":88}," names",[52,69698,4021],{"class":84},[52,69700,36279],{"class":88},[52,69702,4009],{"class":84},[20,69704,135],{},[43,69706,69707],{"className":45,"code":36125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69708,69709,69715,69721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69710,69711,69713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69712,2235],{"class":608},[52,69714,36134],{"class":58},[52,69716,69717,69719],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69718,3106],{"class":608},[52,69720,36141],{"class":58},[52,69722,69723,69725],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,69724,2172],{"class":608},[52,69726,36148],{"class":58},[20,69728,69729,69730,92],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[289,69731,69733],{"href":69732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69735,69736,69737,69739],{},"You can also read ",[289,69738,51670],{"href":51669}," for a task-focused guide.",[38,69741,1940],{"id":1939},[412,69743,69745],{"id":69744},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69747,154,69748,69751],{},[15,69749,69750],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[412,69753,5266,69755,12838],{"id":69754},"what-does-len-return",[15,69756,69757],{},"len([])",[20,69759,5272,69760,69762],{},[15,69761,2235],{}," because the list is empty.",[412,69764,69766],{"id":69765},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69768,69769],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[412,69771,28454,69773,69775],{"id":69772},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69774,68951],{}," in Python?",[20,69777,30396,69778,8346,69780,69782],{},[15,69779,68397],{},[15,69781,42486],{}," is a built-in function.",[38,69784,2005],{"id":2004},[176,69786,69787,69793,69797,69801,69805],{},[179,69788,69789],{},[289,69790,3696,69791,3629],{"href":42483},[15,69792,42486],{},[179,69794,69795],{},[289,69796,52713],{"href":51669},[179,69798,69799],{},[289,69800,52893],{"href":51102},[179,69802,69803],{},[289,69804,69379],{"href":69378},[179,69806,69807],{},[289,69808,69809],{"href":69732},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2035,69811,69812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":69814},[69815,69816,69818,69819,69820,69821,69829,69831,69839],{"id":15286,"depth":77,"text":15287},{"id":68389,"depth":77,"text":69817},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":68658,"depth":77,"text":68659},{"id":68799,"depth":77,"text":68800},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":69822},[69823,69825,69826,69827],{"id":68948,"depth":111,"text":69824},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25812,"depth":111,"text":25813},{"id":69128,"depth":111,"text":69129},{"id":69382,"depth":111,"text":69828},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69474,"depth":77,"text":69830},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":69832},[69833,69834,69836,69837],{"id":69744,"depth":111,"text":69745},{"id":69754,"depth":111,"text":69835},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69765,"depth":111,"text":69766},{"id":69772,"depth":111,"text":69838},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68284,"description":69840},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69846,"title":69847,"body":69848,"description":71830,"extension":2078,"meta":71831,"navigation":221,"path":71832,"seo":71833,"stem":71834,"__hash__":71835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69849,"toc":71803},[69850,69853,69858,69861,69869,69882,69884,69949,69951,69973,69978,69982,69987,69995,69997,70007,70009,70090,70092,70122,70124,70143,70148,70165,70167,70251,70253,70283,70288,70292,70298,70382,70384,70414,70417,70421,70424,70515,70517,70555,70558,70643,70645,70675,70681,70688,70692,70697,70706,70708,70793,70795,70824,70827,70835,70839,70843,70852,70875,70877,70899,70901,70915,70917,70977,70981,70986,71025,71027,71044,71046,71056,71155,71160,71164,71169,71212,71214,71242,71244,71258,71333,71335,71357,71361,71364,71369,71380,71385,71393,71396,71467,71469,71494,71551,71553,71574,71583,71591,71596,71598,71603,71624,71627,71702,71705,71719,71726,71728,71732,71738,71742,71752,71756,71763,71767,71773,71775,71800],[10,69851,69847],{"id":69852},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69854,69855,69857],{},[15,69856,55204],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69859,69860],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[176,69862,69863,69866],{},[179,69864,69865],{},"delete an item from a list",[179,69867,69868],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69870,69871,69872,69874,69875,1635,69877,69881],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69873,12885],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69876,12885],{},[289,69878,69879],{"href":55194},[15,69880,55651],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[38,69883,41],{"id":40},[43,69885,69887],{"className":45,"code":69886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69888,69889,69909,69924,69928,69939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69890,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69892,3739],{"class":58},[52,69894,63],{"class":62},[52,69896,3744],{"class":84},[52,69898,2448],{"class":608},[52,69900,318],{"class":84},[52,69902,7914],{"class":608},[52,69904,318],{"class":84},[52,69906,7919],{"class":608},[52,69908,3757],{"class":84},[52,69910,69911,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69912,69913],{"class":58},"last_item ",[52,69915,63],{"class":62},[52,69917,4384],{"class":58},[52,69919,92],{"class":84},[52,69921,26367],{"class":88},[52,69923,8763],{"class":84},[52,69925,69926],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,69927,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,69929,69930,69932,69934,69937],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,69931,81],{"class":80},[52,69933,85],{"class":84},[52,69935,69936],{"class":88},"last_item",[52,69938,329],{"class":84},[52,69940,69941,69943,69945,69947],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,69942,81],{"class":80},[52,69944,85],{"class":84},[52,69946,3771],{"class":88},[52,69948,329],{"class":84},[20,69950,135],{},[43,69952,69954],{"className":45,"code":69953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69955,69956,69961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69957,69958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69959,69960],{"class":608},"30\n",[52,69962,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,69964,4021],{"class":84},[52,69966,2448],{"class":608},[52,69968,318],{"class":84},[52,69970,7914],{"class":608},[52,69972,3757],{"class":84},[20,69974,154,69975,69977],{},[15,69976,12885],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[38,69979,69981],{"id":69980},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69983,69984,69986],{},[15,69985,12885],{}," has two main jobs:",[176,69988,69989,69992],{},[179,69990,69991],{},"It removes one item from a list",[179,69993,69994],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69996,43775],{},[176,69998,69999,70002,70005],{},[179,70000,70001],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[179,70003,70004],{},"It changes the original list",[179,70006,52867],{},[20,70008,197],{},[43,70010,70012],{"className":45,"code":70011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70013,70014,70046,70050,70065,70069,70080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70015,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70017,13199],{"class":58},[52,70019,63],{"class":62},[52,70021,3744],{"class":84},[52,70023,100],{"class":66},[52,70025,13216],{"class":70},[52,70027,100],{"class":66},[52,70029,318],{"class":84},[52,70031,67],{"class":66},[52,70033,17580],{"class":70},[52,70035,100],{"class":66},[52,70037,318],{"class":84},[52,70039,67],{"class":66},[52,70041,13233],{"class":70},[52,70043,100],{"class":66},[52,70045,3757],{"class":84},[52,70047,70048],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70049,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70051,70052,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70053,70054],{"class":58},"removed ",[52,70056,63],{"class":62},[52,70058,13247],{"class":58},[52,70060,92],{"class":84},[52,70062,26367],{"class":88},[52,70064,8763],{"class":84},[52,70066,70067],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70068,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70070,70071,70073,70075,70078],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70072,81],{"class":80},[52,70074,85],{"class":84},[52,70076,70077],{"class":88},"removed",[52,70079,329],{"class":84},[52,70081,70082,70084,70086,70088],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70083,81],{"class":80},[52,70085,85],{"class":84},[52,70087,17627],{"class":88},[52,70089,329],{"class":84},[20,70091,135],{},[43,70093,70095],{"className":45,"code":70094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70096,70097,70102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70098,70099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70100,70101],{"class":58},"blue\n",[52,70103,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70105,4021],{"class":84},[52,70107,1888],{"class":66},[52,70109,13216],{"class":70},[52,70111,1888],{"class":66},[52,70113,318],{"class":84},[52,70115,3416],{"class":66},[52,70117,17580],{"class":70},[52,70119,1888],{"class":66},[52,70121,3757],{"class":84},[38,70123,296],{"id":295},[43,70125,70127],{"className":45,"code":70126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70128,70129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70130,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70132,8217],{"class":1929},[52,70134,92],{"class":84},[52,70136,26367],{"class":88},[52,70138,3103],{"class":84},[52,70140,35972],{"class":88},[52,70142,4009],{"class":84},[20,70144,2095,70145,70147],{},[15,70146,35972],{}," is optional.",[176,70149,70150,70156,70162],{},[179,70151,70152,70153,70155],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70154,12885],{}," removes the last item",[179,70157,70158,70159,70161],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70160,12885],{}," removes the item at that position",[179,70163,70164],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70166,197],{},[43,70168,70170],{"className":45,"code":70169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70171,70172,70204,70208,70227,70231,70241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70173,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188,70190,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70175,36215],{"class":58},[52,70177,63],{"class":62},[52,70179,3744],{"class":84},[52,70181,100],{"class":66},[52,70183,289],{"class":70},[52,70185,100],{"class":66},[52,70187,318],{"class":84},[52,70189,67],{"class":66},[52,70191,4883],{"class":70},[52,70193,100],{"class":66},[52,70195,318],{"class":84},[52,70197,67],{"class":66},[52,70199,9860],{"class":70},[52,70201,100],{"class":66},[52,70203,3757],{"class":84},[52,70205,70206],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70207,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70209,70210,70212,70214,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70211,28664],{"class":58},[52,70213,63],{"class":62},[52,70215,70216],{"class":58}," letters",[52,70218,92],{"class":84},[52,70220,26367],{"class":88},[52,70222,85],{"class":84},[52,70224,3106],{"class":608},[52,70226,329],{"class":84},[52,70228,70229],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70230,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70232,70233,70235,70237,70239],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70234,81],{"class":80},[52,70236,85],{"class":84},[52,70238,23437],{"class":88},[52,70240,329],{"class":84},[52,70242,70243,70245,70247,70249],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70244,81],{"class":80},[52,70246,85],{"class":84},[52,70248,36268],{"class":88},[52,70250,329],{"class":84},[20,70252,135],{},[43,70254,70256],{"className":45,"code":70255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70257,70258,70263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70259,70260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70261,70262],{"class":58},"b\n",[52,70264,70265,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70266,4021],{"class":84},[52,70268,1888],{"class":66},[52,70270,289],{"class":70},[52,70272,1888],{"class":66},[52,70274,318],{"class":84},[52,70276,3416],{"class":66},[52,70278,9860],{"class":70},[52,70280,1888],{"class":66},[52,70282,3757],{"class":84},[20,70284,70285,70286,92],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[289,70287,52893],{"href":51102},[38,70289,70291],{"id":70290},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70293,70294,70295,70297],{},"When you call ",[15,70296,12885],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[43,70299,70301],{"className":45,"code":70300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70302,70303,70338,70342,70357,70361,70372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70304,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70316,70318,70320,70322,70325,70327,70329,70331,70334,70336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70306,30024],{"class":58},[52,70308,63],{"class":62},[52,70310,3744],{"class":84},[52,70312,100],{"class":66},[52,70314,70315],{"class":70},"write",[52,70317,100],{"class":66},[52,70319,318],{"class":84},[52,70321,67],{"class":66},[52,70323,70324],{"class":70},"test",[52,70326,100],{"class":66},[52,70328,318],{"class":84},[52,70330,67],{"class":66},[52,70332,70333],{"class":70},"submit",[52,70335,100],{"class":66},[52,70337,3757],{"class":84},[52,70339,70340],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70341,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70343,70344,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70345,70346],{"class":58},"last_task ",[52,70348,63],{"class":62},[52,70350,30102],{"class":58},[52,70352,92],{"class":84},[52,70354,26367],{"class":88},[52,70356,8763],{"class":84},[52,70358,70359],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70360,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70362,70363,70365,70367,70370],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70364,81],{"class":80},[52,70366,85],{"class":84},[52,70368,70369],{"class":88},"last_task",[52,70371,329],{"class":84},[52,70373,70374,70376,70378,70380],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70375,81],{"class":80},[52,70377,85],{"class":84},[52,70379,36631],{"class":88},[52,70381,329],{"class":84},[20,70383,135],{},[43,70385,70387],{"className":45,"code":70386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70388,70389,70394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70390,70391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70392,70393],{"class":58},"submit\n",[52,70395,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70397,4021],{"class":84},[52,70399,1888],{"class":66},[52,70401,70315],{"class":70},[52,70403,1888],{"class":66},[52,70405,318],{"class":84},[52,70407,3416],{"class":66},[52,70409,70324],{"class":70},[52,70411,1888],{"class":66},[52,70413,3757],{"class":84},[20,70415,70416],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[38,70418,70420],{"id":70419},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70422,70423],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[43,70425,70427],{"className":45,"code":70426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70428,70429,70469,70473,70491,70495,70505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70430,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70432,36364],{"class":58},[52,70434,63],{"class":62},[52,70436,3744],{"class":84},[52,70438,100],{"class":66},[52,70440,4199],{"class":70},[52,70442,100],{"class":66},[52,70444,318],{"class":84},[52,70446,67],{"class":66},[52,70448,4208],{"class":70},[52,70450,100],{"class":66},[52,70452,318],{"class":84},[52,70454,67],{"class":66},[52,70456,4217],{"class":70},[52,70458,100],{"class":66},[52,70460,318],{"class":84},[52,70462,67],{"class":66},[52,70464,33347],{"class":70},[52,70466,100],{"class":66},[52,70468,3757],{"class":84},[52,70470,70471],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70472,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70474,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485,70487,70489],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70476,70054],{"class":58},[52,70478,63],{"class":62},[52,70480,52973],{"class":58},[52,70482,92],{"class":84},[52,70484,26367],{"class":88},[52,70486,85],{"class":84},[52,70488,3106],{"class":608},[52,70490,329],{"class":84},[52,70492,70493],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70494,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70496,70497,70499,70501,70503],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70498,81],{"class":80},[52,70500,85],{"class":84},[52,70502,70077],{"class":88},[52,70504,329],{"class":84},[52,70506,70507,70509,70511,70513],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70508,81],{"class":80},[52,70510,85],{"class":84},[52,70512,36416],{"class":88},[52,70514,329],{"class":84},[20,70516,135],{},[43,70518,70520],{"className":45,"code":70519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70521,70522,70527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70523,70524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70525,70526],{"class":58},"banana\n",[52,70528,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70530,4021],{"class":84},[52,70532,1888],{"class":66},[52,70534,4199],{"class":70},[52,70536,1888],{"class":66},[52,70538,318],{"class":84},[52,70540,3416],{"class":66},[52,70542,4217],{"class":70},[52,70544,1888],{"class":66},[52,70546,318],{"class":84},[52,70548,3416],{"class":66},[52,70550,33347],{"class":70},[52,70552,1888],{"class":66},[52,70554,3757],{"class":84},[20,70556,70557],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[43,70559,70561],{"className":45,"code":70560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70562,70563,70595,70599,70619,70623,70633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70564,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70566,36364],{"class":58},[52,70568,63],{"class":62},[52,70570,3744],{"class":84},[52,70572,100],{"class":66},[52,70574,4199],{"class":70},[52,70576,100],{"class":66},[52,70578,318],{"class":84},[52,70580,67],{"class":66},[52,70582,4208],{"class":70},[52,70584,100],{"class":66},[52,70586,318],{"class":84},[52,70588,67],{"class":66},[52,70590,4217],{"class":70},[52,70592,100],{"class":66},[52,70594,3757],{"class":84},[52,70596,70597],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70598,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70600,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70602,70054],{"class":58},[52,70604,63],{"class":62},[52,70606,52973],{"class":58},[52,70608,92],{"class":84},[52,70610,26367],{"class":88},[52,70612,85],{"class":84},[52,70614,2137],{"class":62},[52,70616,3106],{"class":608},[52,70618,329],{"class":84},[52,70620,70621],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70622,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70624,70625,70627,70629,70631],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70626,81],{"class":80},[52,70628,85],{"class":84},[52,70630,70077],{"class":88},[52,70632,329],{"class":84},[52,70634,70635,70637,70639,70641],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70636,81],{"class":80},[52,70638,85],{"class":84},[52,70640,36416],{"class":88},[52,70642,329],{"class":84},[20,70644,135],{},[43,70646,70648],{"className":45,"code":70647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70649,70650,70655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70651,70652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70653,70654],{"class":58},"cherry\n",[52,70656,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70658,4021],{"class":84},[52,70660,1888],{"class":66},[52,70662,4199],{"class":70},[52,70664,1888],{"class":66},[52,70666,318],{"class":84},[52,70668,3416],{"class":66},[52,70670,4208],{"class":70},[52,70672,1888],{"class":66},[52,70674,3757],{"class":84},[20,70676,70677,70678,70680],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70679,65975],{}," means the last item.",[20,70682,70683,70684,92],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[289,70685,70686,1441],{"href":59088},[15,70687,64987],{},[38,70689,70691],{"id":70690},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70693,70694,70696],{},[15,70695,12885],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70698,70699,70700,342,70702,92],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70701,12885],{},[289,70703,70704],{"href":55194},[15,70705,55651],{},[20,70707,197],{},[43,70709,70711],{"className":45,"code":70710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70712,70713,70745,70749,70768,70772,70783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70714,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70716,5118],{"class":58},[52,70718,63],{"class":62},[52,70720,3744],{"class":84},[52,70722,100],{"class":66},[52,70724,13003],{"class":70},[52,70726,100],{"class":66},[52,70728,318],{"class":84},[52,70730,67],{"class":66},[52,70732,36067],{"class":70},[52,70734,100],{"class":66},[52,70736,318],{"class":84},[52,70738,67],{"class":66},[52,70740,36076],{"class":70},[52,70742,100],{"class":66},[52,70744,3757],{"class":84},[52,70746,70747],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70748,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70750,70751,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70752,70753],{"class":58},"removed_name ",[52,70755,63],{"class":62},[52,70757,69696],{"class":58},[52,70759,92],{"class":84},[52,70761,26367],{"class":88},[52,70763,85],{"class":84},[52,70765,2235],{"class":608},[52,70767,329],{"class":84},[52,70769,70770],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70771,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70773,70774,70776,70778,70781],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70775,81],{"class":80},[52,70777,85],{"class":84},[52,70779,70780],{"class":88},"removed_name",[52,70782,329],{"class":84},[52,70784,70785,70787,70789,70791],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70786,81],{"class":80},[52,70788,85],{"class":84},[52,70790,5162],{"class":88},[52,70792,329],{"class":84},[20,70794,135],{},[43,70796,70798],{"className":45,"code":70797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70799,70800,70804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70801,70802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70803,50163],{"class":58},[52,70805,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820,70822],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70807,4021],{"class":84},[52,70809,1888],{"class":66},[52,70811,36067],{"class":70},[52,70813,1888],{"class":66},[52,70815,318],{"class":84},[52,70817,3416],{"class":66},[52,70819,36076],{"class":70},[52,70821,1888],{"class":66},[52,70823,3757],{"class":84},[20,70825,70826],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70828,70829,70830,70832,70833,92],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70831,55651],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70834,3901],{},[38,70836,70838],{"id":70837},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[412,70840,70842],{"id":70841},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70844,70845,70846,70848,70849,92],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70847,12885],{}," raises an ",[15,70850,70851],{},"IndexError",[43,70853,70855],{"className":45,"code":70854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70856,70857,70865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70858,70859,70861,70863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70860,7903],{"class":58},[52,70862,63],{"class":62},[52,70864,7963],{"class":84},[52,70866,70867,70869,70871,70873],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70868,7934],{"class":58},[52,70870,92],{"class":84},[52,70872,26367],{"class":88},[52,70874,8763],{"class":84},[20,70876,135],{},[43,70878,70880],{"className":45,"code":70879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70881,70882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70883,70884,70886,70888,70891,70894,70897],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70885,70851],{"class":1929},[52,70887,174],{"class":84},[52,70889,70890],{"class":58}," pop ",[52,70892,70893],{"class":761},"from",[52,70895,70896],{"class":58}," empty ",[52,70898,50009],{"class":1929},[20,70900,1586],{},[176,70902,70903,70908],{},[179,70904,70905,70906],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70907,12885],{},[179,70909,70910,70911,342,70913],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70912,29930],{},[15,70914,29961],{},[20,70916,197],{},[43,70918,70920],{"className":45,"code":70919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70921,70922,70930,70934,70942,70956,70962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70923,70924,70926,70928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70925,7903],{"class":58},[52,70927,63],{"class":62},[52,70929,7963],{"class":84},[52,70931,70932],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,70933,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,70935,70936,70938,70940],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,70937,733],{"class":761},[52,70939,6089],{"class":58},[52,70941,804],{"class":84},[52,70943,70944,70946,70948,70950,70952,70954],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,70945,784],{"class":80},[52,70947,85],{"class":84},[52,70949,7934],{"class":88},[52,70951,92],{"class":84},[52,70953,26367],{"class":88},[52,70955,7317],{"class":84},[52,70957,70958,70960],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,70959,801],{"class":761},[52,70961,804],{"class":84},[52,70963,70964,70966,70968,70970,70973,70975],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,70965,784],{"class":80},[52,70967,85],{"class":84},[52,70969,100],{"class":66},[52,70971,70972],{"class":70},"The list is empty.",[52,70974,100],{"class":66},[52,70976,329],{"class":84},[412,70978,70980],{"id":70979},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70982,70983,70984,92],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70985,70851],{},[43,70987,70989],{"className":45,"code":70988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70990,70991,71011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70992,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007,71009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70994,3739],{"class":58},[52,70996,63],{"class":62},[52,70998,3744],{"class":84},[52,71000,2448],{"class":608},[52,71002,318],{"class":84},[52,71004,7914],{"class":608},[52,71006,318],{"class":84},[52,71008,7919],{"class":608},[52,71010,3757],{"class":84},[52,71012,71013,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71014,3771],{"class":58},[52,71016,92],{"class":84},[52,71018,26367],{"class":88},[52,71020,85],{"class":84},[52,71022,2252],{"class":608},[52,71024,329],{"class":84},[20,71026,135],{},[43,71028,71030],{"className":45,"code":71029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71031,71032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71033,71034,71036,71038,71041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71035,70851],{"class":1929},[52,71037,174],{"class":84},[52,71039,71040],{"class":58}," pop index out of ",[52,71042,71043],{"class":80},"range\n",[20,71045,1586],{},[176,71047,71048,71053],{},[179,71049,71050,71051],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71052,42486],{},[179,71054,71055],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[43,71057,71059],{"className":45,"code":71058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71060,71061,71081,71090,71094,71116,71134,71140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71062,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71064,3739],{"class":58},[52,71066,63],{"class":62},[52,71068,3744],{"class":84},[52,71070,2448],{"class":608},[52,71072,318],{"class":84},[52,71074,7914],{"class":608},[52,71076,318],{"class":84},[52,71078,7919],{"class":608},[52,71080,3757],{"class":84},[52,71082,71083,71086,71088],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71084,71085],{"class":58},"index ",[52,71087,63],{"class":62},[52,71089,45712],{"class":608},[52,71091,71092],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,71093,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,71095,71096,71098,71100,71103,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,71097,733],{"class":761},[52,71099,683],{"class":608},[52,71101,71102],{"class":62}," \u003C=",[52,71104,71105],{"class":58}," index ",[52,71107,3410],{"class":62},[52,71109,38512],{"class":80},[52,71111,85],{"class":84},[52,71113,3771],{"class":88},[52,71115,779],{"class":84},[52,71117,71118,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,71119,784],{"class":80},[52,71121,85],{"class":84},[52,71123,3771],{"class":88},[52,71125,92],{"class":84},[52,71127,26367],{"class":88},[52,71129,85],{"class":84},[52,71131,35972],{"class":88},[52,71133,108],{"class":84},[52,71135,71136,71138],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,71137,801],{"class":761},[52,71139,804],{"class":84},[52,71141,71142,71144,71146,71148,71151,71153],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,71143,784],{"class":80},[52,71145,85],{"class":84},[52,71147,100],{"class":66},[52,71149,71150],{"class":70},"Index is out of range.",[52,71152,100],{"class":66},[52,71154,329],{"class":84},[20,71156,71157,71158,92],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[289,71159,69379],{"href":69378},[412,71161,71163],{"id":71162},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71165,71166,71168],{},[15,71167,12885],{}," expects an integer index.",[43,71170,71172],{"className":45,"code":71171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71173,71174,71194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71175,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71177,3739],{"class":58},[52,71179,63],{"class":62},[52,71181,3744],{"class":84},[52,71183,2448],{"class":608},[52,71185,318],{"class":84},[52,71187,7914],{"class":608},[52,71189,318],{"class":84},[52,71191,7919],{"class":608},[52,71193,3757],{"class":84},[52,71195,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71197,3771],{"class":58},[52,71199,92],{"class":84},[52,71201,26367],{"class":88},[52,71203,85],{"class":84},[52,71205,100],{"class":66},[52,71207,3106],{"class":70},[52,71209,100],{"class":66},[52,71211,329],{"class":84},[20,71213,135],{},[43,71215,71217],{"className":45,"code":71216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71218,71219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71220,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71236,71239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71222,3124],{"class":1929},[52,71224,174],{"class":84},[52,71226,3416],{"class":66},[52,71228,3563],{"class":70},[52,71230,1888],{"class":66},[52,71232,24744],{"class":1929},[52,71234,71235],{"class":58}," cannot be interpreted ",[52,71237,71238],{"class":761},"as",[52,71240,71241],{"class":58}," an integer\n",[20,71243,1586],{},[176,71245,71246,71255],{},[179,71247,71248,71249,2305,71251,2309,71253],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71250,2235],{},[15,71252,3106],{},[15,71254,65975],{},[179,71256,71257],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[43,71259,71261],{"className":45,"code":71260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71262,71263,71283,71301,71305,71323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71264,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71266,3739],{"class":58},[52,71268,63],{"class":62},[52,71270,3744],{"class":84},[52,71272,2448],{"class":608},[52,71274,318],{"class":84},[52,71276,7914],{"class":608},[52,71278,318],{"class":84},[52,71280,7919],{"class":608},[52,71282,3757],{"class":84},[52,71284,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71286,71085],{"class":58},[52,71288,63],{"class":62},[52,71290,45399],{"class":1929},[52,71292,85],{"class":84},[52,71294,100],{"class":66},[52,71296,3106],{"class":70},[52,71298,100],{"class":66},[52,71300,329],{"class":84},[52,71302,71303],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,71304,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,71306,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317,71319,71321],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,71308,81],{"class":80},[52,71310,85],{"class":84},[52,71312,3771],{"class":88},[52,71314,92],{"class":84},[52,71316,26367],{"class":88},[52,71318,85],{"class":84},[52,71320,35972],{"class":88},[52,71322,108],{"class":84},[52,71324,71325,71327,71329,71331],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,71326,81],{"class":80},[52,71328,85],{"class":84},[52,71330,3771],{"class":88},[52,71332,329],{"class":84},[20,71334,135],{},[43,71336,71338],{"className":45,"code":71337,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71339,71340,71345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71341,71342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71343,71344],{"class":608},"20\n",[52,71346,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71348,4021],{"class":84},[52,71350,2448],{"class":608},[52,71352,318],{"class":84},[52,71354,7919],{"class":608},[52,71356,3757],{"class":84},[38,71358,71360],{"id":71359},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71362,71363],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[412,71365,154,71367,10723],{"id":71366},"use-pop-when",[15,71368,12885],{},[176,71370,71371,71374,71377],{},[179,71372,71373],{},"you want to remove by index",[179,71375,71376],{},"you want the removed item returned",[179,71378,71379],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[412,71381,154,71383,10723],{"id":71382},"use-remove-when",[15,71384,55651],{},[176,71386,71387,71390],{},[179,71388,71389],{},"you want to remove by value",[179,71391,71392],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71394,71395],{},"Compare these examples:",[43,71397,71399],{"className":45,"code":71398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71400,71401,71425,71429,71447,71457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71402,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71404,3739],{"class":58},[52,71406,63],{"class":62},[52,71408,3744],{"class":84},[52,71410,2448],{"class":608},[52,71412,318],{"class":84},[52,71414,7914],{"class":608},[52,71416,318],{"class":84},[52,71418,7919],{"class":608},[52,71420,318],{"class":84},[52,71422,7914],{"class":608},[52,71424,3757],{"class":84},[52,71426,71427],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71428,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,71430,71431,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443,71445],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,71432,70054],{"class":58},[52,71434,63],{"class":62},[52,71436,4384],{"class":58},[52,71438,92],{"class":84},[52,71440,26367],{"class":88},[52,71442,85],{"class":84},[52,71444,3106],{"class":608},[52,71446,329],{"class":84},[52,71448,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,71450,81],{"class":80},[52,71452,85],{"class":84},[52,71454,70077],{"class":88},[52,71456,329],{"class":84},[52,71458,71459,71461,71463,71465],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,71460,81],{"class":80},[52,71462,85],{"class":84},[52,71464,3771],{"class":88},[52,71466,329],{"class":84},[20,71468,135],{},[43,71470,71472],{"className":45,"code":71471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71473,71474,71478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71475,71476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71477,71344],{"class":608},[52,71479,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490,71492],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71481,4021],{"class":84},[52,71483,2448],{"class":608},[52,71485,318],{"class":84},[52,71487,7919],{"class":608},[52,71489,318],{"class":84},[52,71491,7914],{"class":608},[52,71493,3757],{"class":84},[43,71495,71497],{"className":45,"code":71496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71498,71499,71523,71527,71541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71500,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71502,3739],{"class":58},[52,71504,63],{"class":62},[52,71506,3744],{"class":84},[52,71508,2448],{"class":608},[52,71510,318],{"class":84},[52,71512,7914],{"class":608},[52,71514,318],{"class":84},[52,71516,7919],{"class":608},[52,71518,318],{"class":84},[52,71520,7914],{"class":608},[52,71522,3757],{"class":84},[52,71524,71525],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71526,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,71528,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,71530,3771],{"class":58},[52,71532,92],{"class":84},[52,71534,34919],{"class":88},[52,71536,85],{"class":84},[52,71538,15879],{"class":608},[52,71540,329],{"class":84},[52,71542,71543,71545,71547,71549],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,71544,81],{"class":80},[52,71546,85],{"class":84},[52,71548,3771],{"class":88},[52,71550,329],{"class":84},[20,71552,135],{},[43,71554,71556],{"className":45,"code":71555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71557,71558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71559,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71561,4021],{"class":84},[52,71563,2448],{"class":608},[52,71565,318],{"class":84},[52,71567,7919],{"class":608},[52,71569,318],{"class":84},[52,71571,7914],{"class":608},[52,71573,3757],{"class":84},[20,71575,71576,71577,71580,71581,92],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71578,71579],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71582,3106],{},[20,71584,56727,71585,71588,71589,92],{},[15,71586,71587],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71590,15879],{},[20,71592,71593,71594,92],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[289,71595,55190],{"href":55189},[38,71597,1445],{"id":1444},[20,71599,71600,71601,174],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71602,12885],{},[176,71604,71605,71608,71611,71617,71621],{},[179,71606,71607],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[179,71609,71610],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[179,71612,1632,71613,1635,71615],{},[15,71614,12885],{},[15,71616,55651],{},[179,71618,1725,71619,62093],{},[15,71620,12885],{},[179,71622,71623],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71625,71626],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[43,71628,71630],{"className":45,"code":71629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71631,71632,71642,71656,71670,71688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71633,71634,71636,71638,71640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71635,81],{"class":80},[52,71637,85],{"class":84},[52,71639,8463],{"class":88},[52,71641,329],{"class":84},[52,71643,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71645,81],{"class":80},[52,71647,85],{"class":84},[52,71649,11284],{"class":80},[52,71651,85],{"class":84},[52,71653,8463],{"class":88},[52,71655,108],{"class":84},[52,71657,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,71659,81],{"class":80},[52,71661,85],{"class":84},[52,71663,8463],{"class":88},[52,71665,92],{"class":84},[52,71667,26367],{"class":88},[52,71669,7317],{"class":84},[52,71671,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,71673,81],{"class":80},[52,71675,85],{"class":84},[52,71677,8463],{"class":88},[52,71679,92],{"class":84},[52,71681,26367],{"class":88},[52,71683,85],{"class":84},[52,71685,2235],{"class":608},[52,71687,108],{"class":84},[52,71689,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,71691,81],{"class":80},[52,71693,85],{"class":84},[52,71695,1930],{"class":1929},[52,71697,85],{"class":84},[52,71699,35972],{"class":88},[52,71701,108],{"class":84},[20,71703,71704],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[176,71706,71707,71713],{},[179,71708,71709,71712],{},[15,71710,71711],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[179,71714,71715,71718],{},[15,71716,71717],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71720,71721,71722,71725],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71723,71724],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[38,71727,1940],{"id":1939},[412,71729,71731],{"id":71730},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71733,71734,71735,71737],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71736,12885],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[412,71739,71741],{"id":71740},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71743,71744,71746,71747,71749,71750,92],{},[15,71745,12885],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71748,55651],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71751,3901],{},[412,71753,71755],{"id":71754},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71757,71758,71759,71762],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71760,71761],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[412,71764,71766],{"id":71765},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71768,71769,71770,71772],{},"Python raises ",[15,71771,70851],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[38,71774,2005],{"id":2004},[176,71776,71777,71781,71786,71791,71796],{},[179,71778,71779],{},[289,71780,55637],{"href":55189},[179,71782,71783],{},[289,71784,71785],{"href":55194},"Python list remove() method",[179,71787,71788],{},[289,71789,71790],{"href":59088},"Python list index() method",[179,71792,71793],{},[289,71794,71795],{"href":51102},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[179,71797,71798],{},[289,71799,69379],{"href":69378},[2035,71801,71802],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":71804},[71805,71806,71807,71808,71809,71810,71811,71816,71822,71823,71829],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":69980,"depth":77,"text":69981},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":70290,"depth":77,"text":70291},{"id":70419,"depth":77,"text":70420},{"id":70690,"depth":77,"text":70691},{"id":70837,"depth":77,"text":70838,"children":71812},[71813,71814,71815],{"id":70841,"depth":111,"text":70842},{"id":70979,"depth":111,"text":70980},{"id":71162,"depth":111,"text":71163},{"id":71359,"depth":77,"text":71360,"children":71817},[71818,71820],{"id":71366,"depth":111,"text":71819},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71382,"depth":111,"text":71821},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":71824},[71825,71826,71827,71828],{"id":71730,"depth":111,"text":71731},{"id":71740,"depth":111,"text":71741},{"id":71754,"depth":111,"text":71755},{"id":71765,"depth":111,"text":71766},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69847,"description":71830},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71837,"title":71838,"body":71839,"description":73625,"extension":2078,"meta":73626,"navigation":221,"path":73627,"seo":73628,"stem":73629,"__hash__":73630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71840,"toc":73607},[71841,71844,71849,71855,71857,71927,71933,71937,71942,71963,71966,72033,72035,72056,72064,72066,72085,72101,72103,72168,72170,72195,72197,72199,72264,72266,72291,72293,72307,72310,72363,72365,72386,72390,72398,72471,72473,72506,72512,72518,72609,72611,72636,72642,72731,72733,72757,72759,72763,72818,72820,72852,72855,72858,72952,72954,72987,72993,72999,73003,73010,73036,73040,73105,73107,73132,73136,73217,73219,73248,73253,73258,73264,73268,73275,73297,73301,73360,73362,73386,73395,73400,73402,73406,73435,73437,73512,73515,73529,73535,73537,73541,73544,73548,73553,73557,73566,73570,73578,73580,73604],[10,71842,71838],{"id":71843},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71845,2095,71846,71848],{},[15,71847,55197],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71850,71851,71852,71854],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3865,71853,2591],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[38,71856,41],{"id":40},[43,71858,71860],{"className":45,"code":71859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71861,71862,71894,71912,71922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71863,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71865,7903],{"class":58},[52,71867,63],{"class":62},[52,71869,3744],{"class":84},[52,71871,100],{"class":66},[52,71873,4199],{"class":70},[52,71875,100],{"class":66},[52,71877,318],{"class":84},[52,71879,67],{"class":66},[52,71881,4208],{"class":70},[52,71883,100],{"class":66},[52,71885,318],{"class":84},[52,71887,67],{"class":66},[52,71889,33347],{"class":70},[52,71891,100],{"class":66},[52,71893,3757],{"class":84},[52,71895,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71897,7934],{"class":58},[52,71899,92],{"class":84},[52,71901,34919],{"class":88},[52,71903,85],{"class":84},[52,71905,100],{"class":66},[52,71907,4208],{"class":70},[52,71909,100],{"class":66},[52,71911,329],{"class":84},[52,71913,71914,71916,71918,71920],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,71915,81],{"class":80},[52,71917,85],{"class":84},[52,71919,7934],{"class":88},[52,71921,329],{"class":84},[52,71923,71924],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,71925,71926],{"class":1479},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71928,154,71929,71932],{},[15,71930,71931],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[38,71934,71936],{"id":71935},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71938,71939,71941],{},[15,71940,55651],{}," is a list method that:",[176,71943,71944,71950,71955,71960],{},[179,71945,71946,71947,71949],{},"Deletes the ",[3865,71948,30035],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[179,71951,71952,71953],{},"Changes the original list ",[3865,71954,11456],{},[179,71956,1944,71957,71959],{},[3865,71958,4752],{}," return a new list",[179,71961,71962],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71964,71965],{},"This is important for beginners:",[43,71967,71969],{"className":45,"code":71968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71970,71971,71991,72009,72013,72023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71972,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71974,3739],{"class":58},[52,71976,63],{"class":62},[52,71978,3744],{"class":84},[52,71980,3106],{"class":608},[52,71982,318],{"class":84},[52,71984,3111],{"class":608},[52,71986,318],{"class":84},[52,71988,609],{"class":608},[52,71990,3757],{"class":84},[52,71992,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,71994,2346],{"class":58},[52,71996,63],{"class":62},[52,71998,4384],{"class":58},[52,72000,92],{"class":84},[52,72002,34919],{"class":88},[52,72004,85],{"class":84},[52,72006,2172],{"class":608},[52,72008,329],{"class":84},[52,72010,72011],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72012,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,72014,72015,72017,72019,72021],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,72016,81],{"class":80},[52,72018,85],{"class":84},[52,72020,3771],{"class":88},[52,72022,329],{"class":84},[52,72024,72025,72027,72029,72031],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,72026,81],{"class":80},[52,72028,85],{"class":84},[52,72030,2381],{"class":88},[52,72032,329],{"class":84},[20,72034,135],{},[43,72036,72038],{"className":45,"code":72037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72039,72040,72052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72041,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72043,4021],{"class":84},[52,72045,3106],{"class":608},[52,72047,318],{"class":84},[52,72049,609],{"class":608},[52,72051,3757],{"class":84},[52,72053,72054],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72055,11931],{"class":145},[20,72057,72058,72059,72061,72062,92],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72060,55651],{}," itself returned ",[15,72063,3901],{},[38,72065,5554],{"id":5553},[43,72067,72069],{"className":45,"code":72068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72070,72071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72072,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72074,8217],{"class":1929},[52,72076,92],{"class":84},[52,72078,34919],{"class":88},[52,72080,85],{"class":84},[52,72082,2591],{"class":88},[52,72084,329],{"class":84},[176,72086,72087,72092,72095],{},[179,72088,72089,72091],{},[15,72090,2591],{}," is the item you want to delete",[179,72093,72094],{},"Python searches from left to right",[179,72096,72097,72098,72100],{},"Only the ",[3865,72099,30035],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72102,197],{},[43,72104,72106],{"className":45,"code":72105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72107,72108,72140,72158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72109,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72111,36215],{"class":58},[52,72113,63],{"class":62},[52,72115,3744],{"class":84},[52,72117,100],{"class":66},[52,72119,289],{"class":70},[52,72121,100],{"class":66},[52,72123,318],{"class":84},[52,72125,67],{"class":66},[52,72127,4883],{"class":70},[52,72129,100],{"class":66},[52,72131,318],{"class":84},[52,72133,67],{"class":66},[52,72135,9860],{"class":70},[52,72137,100],{"class":66},[52,72139,3757],{"class":84},[52,72141,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72143,36268],{"class":58},[52,72145,92],{"class":84},[52,72147,34919],{"class":88},[52,72149,85],{"class":84},[52,72151,100],{"class":66},[52,72153,4883],{"class":70},[52,72155,100],{"class":66},[52,72157,329],{"class":84},[52,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72161,81],{"class":80},[52,72163,85],{"class":84},[52,72165,36268],{"class":88},[52,72167,329],{"class":84},[20,72169,135],{},[43,72171,72173],{"className":45,"code":72172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72174,72175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72176,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72178,4021],{"class":84},[52,72180,1888],{"class":66},[52,72182,289],{"class":70},[52,72184,1888],{"class":66},[52,72186,318],{"class":84},[52,72188,3416],{"class":66},[52,72190,9860],{"class":70},[52,72192,1888],{"class":66},[52,72194,3757],{"class":84},[38,72196,5910],{"id":5909},[20,72198,65295],{},[43,72200,72202],{"className":45,"code":72201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72203,72204,72236,72254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72207,13199],{"class":58},[52,72209,63],{"class":62},[52,72211,3744],{"class":84},[52,72213,100],{"class":66},[52,72215,13216],{"class":70},[52,72217,100],{"class":66},[52,72219,318],{"class":84},[52,72221,67],{"class":66},[52,72223,13233],{"class":70},[52,72225,100],{"class":66},[52,72227,318],{"class":84},[52,72229,67],{"class":66},[52,72231,17580],{"class":70},[52,72233,100],{"class":66},[52,72235,3757],{"class":84},[52,72237,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72239,17627],{"class":58},[52,72241,92],{"class":84},[52,72243,34919],{"class":88},[52,72245,85],{"class":84},[52,72247,100],{"class":66},[52,72249,13233],{"class":70},[52,72251,100],{"class":66},[52,72253,329],{"class":84},[52,72255,72256,72258,72260,72262],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72257,81],{"class":80},[52,72259,85],{"class":84},[52,72261,17627],{"class":88},[52,72263,329],{"class":84},[20,72265,135],{},[43,72267,72269],{"className":45,"code":72268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72270,72271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72272,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72274,4021],{"class":84},[52,72276,1888],{"class":66},[52,72278,13216],{"class":70},[52,72280,1888],{"class":66},[52,72282,318],{"class":84},[52,72284,3416],{"class":66},[52,72286,17580],{"class":70},[52,72288,1888],{"class":66},[52,72290,3757],{"class":84},[20,72292,11806],{},[176,72294,72295,72298,72304],{},[179,72296,72297],{},"A list is created with three values",[179,72299,72300,72303],{},[15,72301,72302],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[179,72305,72306],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72308,72309],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[43,72311,72313],{"className":45,"code":72312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72314,72315,72339,72353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72316,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72318,5187],{"class":58},[52,72320,63],{"class":62},[52,72322,3744],{"class":84},[52,72324,2448],{"class":608},[52,72326,318],{"class":84},[52,72328,7914],{"class":608},[52,72330,318],{"class":84},[52,72332,7919],{"class":608},[52,72334,318],{"class":84},[52,72336,50967],{"class":608},[52,72338,3757],{"class":84},[52,72340,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72342,16514],{"class":58},[52,72344,92],{"class":84},[52,72346,34919],{"class":88},[52,72348,85],{"class":84},[52,72350,36967],{"class":608},[52,72352,329],{"class":84},[52,72354,72355,72357,72359,72361],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72356,81],{"class":80},[52,72358,85],{"class":84},[52,72360,16514],{"class":88},[52,72362,329],{"class":84},[20,72364,135],{},[43,72366,72368],{"className":45,"code":72367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72369,72370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72371,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72373,4021],{"class":84},[52,72375,2448],{"class":608},[52,72377,318],{"class":84},[52,72379,7914],{"class":608},[52,72381,318],{"class":84},[52,72383,50967],{"class":608},[52,72385,3757],{"class":84},[38,72387,72389],{"id":72388},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72391,65285,72392,72394,72395,72397],{},[15,72393,55651],{}," deletes only the ",[3865,72396,30035],{}," one.",[43,72399,72401],{"className":45,"code":72400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72402,72403,72443,72461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72404,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72406,7903],{"class":58},[52,72408,63],{"class":62},[52,72410,3744],{"class":84},[52,72412,100],{"class":66},[52,72414,4199],{"class":70},[52,72416,100],{"class":66},[52,72418,318],{"class":84},[52,72420,67],{"class":66},[52,72422,4208],{"class":70},[52,72424,100],{"class":66},[52,72426,318],{"class":84},[52,72428,67],{"class":66},[52,72430,4199],{"class":70},[52,72432,100],{"class":66},[52,72434,318],{"class":84},[52,72436,67],{"class":66},[52,72438,33347],{"class":70},[52,72440,100],{"class":66},[52,72442,3757],{"class":84},[52,72444,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72446,7934],{"class":58},[52,72448,92],{"class":84},[52,72450,34919],{"class":88},[52,72452,85],{"class":84},[52,72454,100],{"class":66},[52,72456,4199],{"class":70},[52,72458,100],{"class":66},[52,72460,329],{"class":84},[52,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72464,81],{"class":80},[52,72466,85],{"class":84},[52,72468,7934],{"class":88},[52,72470,329],{"class":84},[20,72472,135],{},[43,72474,72476],{"className":45,"code":72475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72477,72478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72481,4021],{"class":84},[52,72483,1888],{"class":66},[52,72485,4208],{"class":70},[52,72487,1888],{"class":66},[52,72489,318],{"class":84},[52,72491,3416],{"class":66},[52,72493,4199],{"class":70},[52,72495,1888],{"class":66},[52,72497,318],{"class":84},[52,72499,3416],{"class":66},[52,72501,33347],{"class":70},[52,72503,1888],{"class":66},[52,72505,3757],{"class":84},[20,72507,72508,72509,72511],{},"Only the first ",[15,72510,57956],{}," was removed.",[20,72513,72514,72515,72517],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72516,55651],{}," again:",[43,72519,72521],{"className":45,"code":72520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72522,72523,72563,72581,72599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72524,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72526,7903],{"class":58},[52,72528,63],{"class":62},[52,72530,3744],{"class":84},[52,72532,100],{"class":66},[52,72534,4199],{"class":70},[52,72536,100],{"class":66},[52,72538,318],{"class":84},[52,72540,67],{"class":66},[52,72542,4208],{"class":70},[52,72544,100],{"class":66},[52,72546,318],{"class":84},[52,72548,67],{"class":66},[52,72550,4199],{"class":70},[52,72552,100],{"class":66},[52,72554,318],{"class":84},[52,72556,67],{"class":66},[52,72558,33347],{"class":70},[52,72560,100],{"class":66},[52,72562,3757],{"class":84},[52,72564,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72566,7934],{"class":58},[52,72568,92],{"class":84},[52,72570,34919],{"class":88},[52,72572,85],{"class":84},[52,72574,100],{"class":66},[52,72576,4199],{"class":70},[52,72578,100],{"class":66},[52,72580,329],{"class":84},[52,72582,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72584,7934],{"class":58},[52,72586,92],{"class":84},[52,72588,34919],{"class":88},[52,72590,85],{"class":84},[52,72592,100],{"class":66},[52,72594,4199],{"class":70},[52,72596,100],{"class":66},[52,72598,329],{"class":84},[52,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,72602,81],{"class":80},[52,72604,85],{"class":84},[52,72606,7934],{"class":88},[52,72608,329],{"class":84},[20,72610,135],{},[43,72612,72614],{"className":45,"code":72613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72615,72616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72617,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72619,4021],{"class":84},[52,72621,1888],{"class":66},[52,72623,4208],{"class":70},[52,72625,1888],{"class":66},[52,72627,318],{"class":84},[52,72629,3416],{"class":66},[52,72631,33347],{"class":70},[52,72633,1888],{"class":66},[52,72635,3757],{"class":84},[20,72637,72638,72639,72641],{},"If you need to remove ",[3865,72640,3837],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[43,72643,72645],{"className":45,"code":72644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72646,72647,72687,72721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72650,7903],{"class":58},[52,72652,63],{"class":62},[52,72654,3744],{"class":84},[52,72656,100],{"class":66},[52,72658,4199],{"class":70},[52,72660,100],{"class":66},[52,72662,318],{"class":84},[52,72664,67],{"class":66},[52,72666,4208],{"class":70},[52,72668,100],{"class":66},[52,72670,318],{"class":84},[52,72672,67],{"class":66},[52,72674,4199],{"class":70},[52,72676,100],{"class":66},[52,72678,318],{"class":84},[52,72680,67],{"class":66},[52,72682,33347],{"class":70},[52,72684,100],{"class":66},[52,72686,3757],{"class":84},[52,72688,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72706,72708,72710,72713,72715,72717,72719],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72690,7903],{"class":58},[52,72692,63],{"class":62},[52,72694,3744],{"class":84},[52,72696,28664],{"class":58},[52,72698,6081],{"class":761},[52,72700,6084],{"class":58},[52,72702,1638],{"class":761},[52,72704,72705],{"class":58}," items ",[52,72707,733],{"class":761},[52,72709,6084],{"class":58},[52,72711,72712],{"class":62},"!=",[52,72714,67],{"class":66},[52,72716,4199],{"class":70},[52,72718,100],{"class":66},[52,72720,3757],{"class":84},[52,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72724,81],{"class":80},[52,72726,85],{"class":84},[52,72728,7934],{"class":88},[52,72730,329],{"class":84},[20,72732,135],{},[43,72734,72735],{"className":45,"code":72613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,72736,72737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72738,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72740,4021],{"class":84},[52,72742,1888],{"class":66},[52,72744,4208],{"class":70},[52,72746,1888],{"class":66},[52,72748,318],{"class":84},[52,72750,3416],{"class":66},[52,72752,33347],{"class":70},[52,72754,1888],{"class":66},[52,72756,3757],{"class":84},[38,72758,65751],{"id":65750},[20,72760,65754,72761,92],{},[15,72762,40830],{},[43,72764,72766],{"className":45,"code":72765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72767,72768,72800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72769,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72771,7903],{"class":58},[52,72773,63],{"class":62},[52,72775,3744],{"class":84},[52,72777,100],{"class":66},[52,72779,4199],{"class":70},[52,72781,100],{"class":66},[52,72783,318],{"class":84},[52,72785,67],{"class":66},[52,72787,4208],{"class":70},[52,72789,100],{"class":66},[52,72791,318],{"class":84},[52,72793,67],{"class":66},[52,72795,33347],{"class":70},[52,72797,100],{"class":66},[52,72799,3757],{"class":84},[52,72801,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72803,7934],{"class":58},[52,72805,92],{"class":84},[52,72807,34919],{"class":88},[52,72809,85],{"class":84},[52,72811,100],{"class":66},[52,72813,22659],{"class":70},[52,72815,100],{"class":66},[52,72817,329],{"class":84},[20,72819,135],{},[43,72821,72823],{"className":45,"code":72822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72824,72825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72826,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72828,40830],{"class":1929},[52,72830,174],{"class":84},[52,72832,22686],{"class":1929},[52,72834,92],{"class":84},[52,72836,34919],{"class":88},[52,72838,85],{"class":84},[52,72840,2289],{"class":88},[52,72842,16577],{"class":84},[52,72844,4001],{"class":58},[52,72846,4752],{"class":62},[52,72848,1702],{"class":62},[52,72850,72851],{"class":1929}," list\n",[20,72853,72854],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72856,72857],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[43,72859,72861],{"className":45,"code":72860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72862,72863,72895,72907,72911,72923,72938,72942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72864,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72866,7903],{"class":58},[52,72868,63],{"class":62},[52,72870,3744],{"class":84},[52,72872,100],{"class":66},[52,72874,4199],{"class":70},[52,72876,100],{"class":66},[52,72878,318],{"class":84},[52,72880,67],{"class":66},[52,72882,4208],{"class":70},[52,72884,100],{"class":66},[52,72886,318],{"class":84},[52,72888,67],{"class":66},[52,72890,33347],{"class":70},[52,72892,100],{"class":66},[52,72894,3757],{"class":84},[52,72896,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,72898,2565],{"class":58},[52,72900,63],{"class":62},[52,72902,67],{"class":66},[52,72904,22659],{"class":70},[52,72906,74],{"class":66},[52,72908,72909],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,72910,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,72912,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,72914,733],{"class":761},[52,72916,21710],{"class":58},[52,72918,1638],{"class":62},[52,72920,6089],{"class":58},[52,72922,804],{"class":84},[52,72924,72925,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,72926,72927],{"class":58},"    items",[52,72929,92],{"class":84},[52,72931,34919],{"class":88},[52,72933,85],{"class":84},[52,72935,2591],{"class":88},[52,72937,329],{"class":84},[52,72939,72940],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,72941,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,72943,72944,72946,72948,72950],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,72945,81],{"class":80},[52,72947,85],{"class":84},[52,72949,7934],{"class":88},[52,72951,329],{"class":84},[20,72953,135],{},[43,72955,72957],{"className":45,"code":72956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72958,72959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72960,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72962,4021],{"class":84},[52,72964,1888],{"class":66},[52,72966,4199],{"class":70},[52,72968,1888],{"class":66},[52,72970,318],{"class":84},[52,72972,3416],{"class":66},[52,72974,4208],{"class":70},[52,72976,1888],{"class":66},[52,72978,318],{"class":84},[52,72980,3416],{"class":66},[52,72982,33347],{"class":70},[52,72984,1888],{"class":66},[52,72986,3757],{"class":84},[20,72988,72989,72990,72992],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72991,55651],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72994,72995,72996,92],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[289,72997,65960],{"href":72998},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[38,73000,73002],{"id":73001},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73004,73005,342,73007,73009],{},[15,73006,55651],{},[15,73008,12885],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[176,73011,73012,73019,73025,73031],{},[179,73013,73014,73016,73017],{},[15,73015,55651],{}," deletes by ",[3865,73018,2591],{},[179,73020,73021,73016,73023],{},[15,73022,12885],{},[3865,73024,35972],{},[179,73026,73027,2515,73029],{},[15,73028,55651],{},[15,73030,3901],{},[179,73032,73033,73035],{},[15,73034,12885],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73037,46163,73038,174],{},[15,73039,55651],{},[43,73041,73043],{"className":45,"code":73042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73044,73045,73077,73095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73046,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73048,7903],{"class":58},[52,73050,63],{"class":62},[52,73052,3744],{"class":84},[52,73054,100],{"class":66},[52,73056,4199],{"class":70},[52,73058,100],{"class":66},[52,73060,318],{"class":84},[52,73062,67],{"class":66},[52,73064,4208],{"class":70},[52,73066,100],{"class":66},[52,73068,318],{"class":84},[52,73070,67],{"class":66},[52,73072,33347],{"class":70},[52,73074,100],{"class":66},[52,73076,3757],{"class":84},[52,73078,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73080,7934],{"class":58},[52,73082,92],{"class":84},[52,73084,34919],{"class":88},[52,73086,85],{"class":84},[52,73088,100],{"class":66},[52,73090,4208],{"class":70},[52,73092,100],{"class":66},[52,73094,329],{"class":84},[52,73096,73097,73099,73101,73103],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73098,81],{"class":80},[52,73100,85],{"class":84},[52,73102,7934],{"class":88},[52,73104,329],{"class":84},[20,73106,135],{},[43,73108,73110],{"className":45,"code":73109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73111,73112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73113,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73115,4021],{"class":84},[52,73117,1888],{"class":66},[52,73119,4199],{"class":70},[52,73121,1888],{"class":66},[52,73123,318],{"class":84},[52,73125,3416],{"class":66},[52,73127,33347],{"class":70},[52,73129,1888],{"class":66},[52,73131,3757],{"class":84},[20,73133,46163,73134,174],{},[15,73135,12885],{},[43,73137,73139],{"className":45,"code":73138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73140,73141,73173,73192,73196,73206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73142,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73144,7903],{"class":58},[52,73146,63],{"class":62},[52,73148,3744],{"class":84},[52,73150,100],{"class":66},[52,73152,4199],{"class":70},[52,73154,100],{"class":66},[52,73156,318],{"class":84},[52,73158,67],{"class":66},[52,73160,4208],{"class":70},[52,73162,100],{"class":66},[52,73164,318],{"class":84},[52,73166,67],{"class":66},[52,73168,33347],{"class":70},[52,73170,100],{"class":66},[52,73172,3757],{"class":84},[52,73174,73175,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73176,73177],{"class":58},"removed_item ",[52,73179,63],{"class":62},[52,73181,6089],{"class":58},[52,73183,92],{"class":84},[52,73185,26367],{"class":88},[52,73187,85],{"class":84},[52,73189,3106],{"class":608},[52,73191,329],{"class":84},[52,73193,73194],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73195,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,73197,73198,73200,73202,73204],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,73199,81],{"class":80},[52,73201,85],{"class":84},[52,73203,7934],{"class":88},[52,73205,329],{"class":84},[52,73207,73208,73210,73212,73215],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,73209,81],{"class":80},[52,73211,85],{"class":84},[52,73213,73214],{"class":88},"removed_item",[52,73216,329],{"class":84},[20,73218,135],{},[43,73220,73222],{"className":45,"code":73221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73223,73224,73244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73225,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73227,4021],{"class":84},[52,73229,1888],{"class":66},[52,73231,4199],{"class":70},[52,73233,1888],{"class":66},[52,73235,318],{"class":84},[52,73237,3416],{"class":66},[52,73239,33347],{"class":70},[52,73241,1888],{"class":66},[52,73243,3757],{"class":84},[52,73245,73246],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73247,70526],{"class":58},[20,73249,154,73250,73252],{},[15,73251,55651],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73254,154,73255,73257],{},[15,73256,12885],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73259,73260,73261,92],{},"For more detail, see the ",[289,73262,73263],{"href":55201},"Python list pop() method",[38,73265,73267],{"id":73266},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73269,73270,342,73272,73274],{},[15,73271,55651],{},[15,73273,27151],{}," are also different.",[176,73276,73277,73282,73287,73292],{},[179,73278,73279,73281],{},[15,73280,55651],{}," deletes by matching value",[179,73283,73284,73286],{},[15,73285,27151],{}," deletes by index or slice",[179,73288,154,73289,73291],{},[15,73290,27151],{}," when you know the position",[179,73293,154,73294,73296],{},[15,73295,55651],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73298,46163,73299,174],{},[15,73300,27151],{},[43,73302,73304],{"className":45,"code":73303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73305,73306,73338,73350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73307,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73309,7903],{"class":58},[52,73311,63],{"class":62},[52,73313,3744],{"class":84},[52,73315,100],{"class":66},[52,73317,4199],{"class":70},[52,73319,100],{"class":66},[52,73321,318],{"class":84},[52,73323,67],{"class":66},[52,73325,4208],{"class":70},[52,73327,100],{"class":66},[52,73329,318],{"class":84},[52,73331,67],{"class":66},[52,73333,33347],{"class":70},[52,73335,100],{"class":66},[52,73337,3757],{"class":84},[52,73339,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73341,27151],{"class":761},[52,73343,6089],{"class":58},[52,73345,4021],{"class":84},[52,73347,3106],{"class":608},[52,73349,3757],{"class":84},[52,73351,73352,73354,73356,73358],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73353,81],{"class":80},[52,73355,85],{"class":84},[52,73357,7934],{"class":88},[52,73359,329],{"class":84},[20,73361,135],{},[43,73363,73364],{"className":45,"code":73109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,73365,73366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73367,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73369,4021],{"class":84},[52,73371,1888],{"class":66},[52,73373,4199],{"class":70},[52,73375,1888],{"class":66},[52,73377,318],{"class":84},[52,73379,3416],{"class":66},[52,73381,33347],{"class":70},[52,73383,1888],{"class":66},[52,73385,3757],{"class":84},[20,73387,73388,73389,73391,73392,73394],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73390,3106],{},", not the value ",[15,73393,65395],{}," directly.",[20,73396,73397,73398,92],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[289,73399,55190],{"href":55189},[38,73401,1445],{"id":1444},[20,73403,21337,73404,174],{},[15,73405,55651],{},[176,73407,73408,73411,73416,73423,73432],{},[179,73409,73410],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[179,73412,1725,73413,73415],{},[15,73414,55651],{}," to delete all matching values",[179,73417,12717,73418,73420,73421],{},[15,73419,55651],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73422,3901],{},[179,73424,1828,73425,1831,73427,32,73429,73431],{},[15,73426,55651],{},[15,73428,12885],{},[15,73430,27151],{}," would be a better fit",[179,73433,73434],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73436,71626],{},[43,73438,73440],{"className":45,"code":73439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73441,73442,73452,73466,73484,73498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73443,73444,73446,73448,73450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73445,81],{"class":80},[52,73447,85],{"class":84},[52,73449,8463],{"class":88},[52,73451,329],{"class":84},[52,73453,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73455,81],{"class":80},[52,73457,85],{"class":84},[52,73459,2565],{"class":88},[52,73461,1638],{"class":761},[52,73463,8519],{"class":88},[52,73465,329],{"class":84},[52,73467,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73469,81],{"class":80},[52,73471,85],{"class":84},[52,73473,8463],{"class":88},[52,73475,92],{"class":84},[52,73477,41386],{"class":88},[52,73479,85],{"class":84},[52,73481,2591],{"class":88},[52,73483,108],{"class":84},[52,73485,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,73487,81],{"class":80},[52,73489,85],{"class":84},[52,73491,1930],{"class":1929},[52,73493,85],{"class":84},[52,73495,8463],{"class":88},[52,73497,108],{"class":84},[52,73499,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,73501,32278],{"class":80},[52,73503,85],{"class":84},[52,73505,8217],{"class":1929},[52,73507,92],{"class":84},[52,73509,34919],{"class":1803},[52,73511,329],{"class":84},[20,73513,73514],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[176,73516,73517,73520,73523,73526],{},[179,73518,73519],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[179,73521,73522],{},"How many times does it appear?",[179,73524,73525],{},"Am I working with a list?",[179,73527,73528],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73530,73531,73532,73534],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[289,73533,71790],{"href":59088}," may also help.",[38,73536,1940],{"id":1939},[412,73538,73540],{"id":73539},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73542,73543],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[412,73545,73547],{"id":73546},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73549,5272,73550,73552],{},[15,73551,3901],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[412,73554,73556],{"id":73555},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73558,73559,73560,73563,73564,92],{},"Check with ",[15,73561,73562],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73565,55651],{},[412,73567,73569],{"id":73568},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73571,154,73572,73574,73575,73577],{},[15,73573,55651],{}," for a value and ",[15,73576,12885],{}," for an index.",[38,73579,2005],{"id":2004},[176,73581,73582,73586,73590,73594,73598],{},[179,73583,73584],{},[289,73585,55637],{"href":55189},[179,73587,73588],{},[289,73589,73263],{"href":55201},[179,73591,73592],{},[289,73593,71790],{"href":59088},[179,73595,73596],{},[289,73597,65960],{"href":72998},[179,73599,73600],{},[289,73601,73603],{"href":73602},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2035,73605,73606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":73608},[73609,73610,73611,73612,73613,73614,73615,73616,73617,73618,73624],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":71935,"depth":77,"text":71936},{"id":5553,"depth":77,"text":5554},{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":72388,"depth":77,"text":72389},{"id":65750,"depth":77,"text":65751},{"id":73001,"depth":77,"text":73002},{"id":73266,"depth":77,"text":73267},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":73619},[73620,73621,73622,73623],{"id":73539,"depth":111,"text":73540},{"id":73546,"depth":111,"text":73547},{"id":73555,"depth":111,"text":73556},{"id":73568,"depth":111,"text":73569},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71838,"description":73625},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73632,"title":73633,"body":73634,"description":75525,"extension":2078,"meta":75526,"navigation":221,"path":75527,"seo":75528,"stem":75529,"__hash__":75530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73635,"toc":75495},[73636,73642,73648,73651,73662,73664,73713,73718,73723,73727,73742,73744,73809,73811,73852,73854,73856,73871,73873,73884,73886,73943,73945,73978,73980,73983,74032,74034,74059,74061,74077,74083,74090,74151,74153,74186,74191,74194,74274,74276,74337,74343,74347,74350,74414,74416,74441,74443,74463,74465,74514,74516,74537,74546,74549,74553,74558,74603,74605,74626,74632,74637,74645,74709,74711,74748,74754,74758,74765,74830,74832,74869,74873,74890,74900,74905,74910,74921,74928,74930,74936,74959,74962,74989,74994,74997,75098,75100,75155,75158,75265,75267,75338,75341,75367,75369,75374,75378,75386,75391,75396,75402,75407,75411,75414,75431,75434,75454,75462,75464,75492],[10,73637,54464,73639,18],{"id":73638},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73640,73641],{},"reverse()",[20,73643,73644,73647],{},[15,73645,73646],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73649,73650],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73652,73653,73654,73656,73657,73661],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73655,73641],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[289,73658,73660],{"href":73659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[38,73663,3729],{"id":3728},[43,73665,73667],{"className":45,"code":73666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73668,73669,73689,73700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73670,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73672,3739],{"class":58},[52,73674,63],{"class":62},[52,73676,3744],{"class":84},[52,73678,3106],{"class":608},[52,73680,318],{"class":84},[52,73682,3111],{"class":608},[52,73684,318],{"class":84},[52,73686,609],{"class":608},[52,73688,3757],{"class":84},[52,73690,73691,73693,73695,73698],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73692,3771],{"class":58},[52,73694,92],{"class":84},[52,73696,73697],{"class":88},"reverse",[52,73699,8763],{"class":84},[52,73701,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73703,81],{"class":80},[52,73705,85],{"class":84},[52,73707,3771],{"class":88},[52,73709,3784],{"class":84},[52,73711,73712],{"class":1479},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73714,73715,73717],{},[15,73716,73641],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[38,73719,166,73721,169],{"id":73720},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73722,73646],{},[20,73724,73725,174],{},[15,73726,73646],{},[176,73728,73729,73732,73735,73739],{},[179,73730,73731],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[179,73733,73734],{},"Changes the original list directly",[179,73736,184,73737],{},[15,73738,3901],{},[179,73740,73741],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73743,197],{},[43,73745,73747],{"className":45,"code":73746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73748,73749,73789,73799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73750,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73752,36215],{"class":58},[52,73754,63],{"class":62},[52,73756,3744],{"class":84},[52,73758,100],{"class":66},[52,73760,289],{"class":70},[52,73762,100],{"class":66},[52,73764,318],{"class":84},[52,73766,67],{"class":66},[52,73768,4883],{"class":70},[52,73770,100],{"class":66},[52,73772,318],{"class":84},[52,73774,67],{"class":66},[52,73776,9860],{"class":70},[52,73778,100],{"class":66},[52,73780,318],{"class":84},[52,73782,67],{"class":66},[52,73784,18893],{"class":70},[52,73786,100],{"class":66},[52,73788,3757],{"class":84},[52,73790,73791,73793,73795,73797],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73792,36268],{"class":58},[52,73794,92],{"class":84},[52,73796,73697],{"class":88},[52,73798,8763],{"class":84},[52,73800,73801,73803,73805,73807],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73802,81],{"class":80},[52,73804,85],{"class":84},[52,73806,36268],{"class":88},[52,73808,329],{"class":84},[20,73810,135],{},[43,73812,73814],{"className":45,"code":73813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73815,73816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73817,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73819,4021],{"class":84},[52,73821,1888],{"class":66},[52,73823,18893],{"class":70},[52,73825,1888],{"class":66},[52,73827,318],{"class":84},[52,73829,3416],{"class":66},[52,73831,9860],{"class":70},[52,73833,1888],{"class":66},[52,73835,318],{"class":84},[52,73837,3416],{"class":66},[52,73839,4883],{"class":70},[52,73841,1888],{"class":66},[52,73843,318],{"class":84},[52,73845,3416],{"class":66},[52,73847,289],{"class":70},[52,73849,1888],{"class":66},[52,73851,3757],{"class":84},[38,73853,296],{"id":295},[20,73855,2275],{},[43,73857,73859],{"className":45,"code":73858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73860,73861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73862,73863,73865,73867,73869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73864,8463],{"class":58},[52,73866,92],{"class":84},[52,73868,73697],{"class":88},[52,73870,8763],{"class":84},[20,73872,13175],{},[176,73874,73875,73878,73881],{},[179,73876,73877],{},"No arguments are needed",[179,73879,73880],{},"You call it on an existing list",[179,73882,73883],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73885,197],{},[43,73887,73889],{"className":45,"code":73888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73890,73891,73923,73933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73892,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73894,13199],{"class":58},[52,73896,63],{"class":62},[52,73898,3744],{"class":84},[52,73900,100],{"class":66},[52,73902,13216],{"class":70},[52,73904,100],{"class":66},[52,73906,318],{"class":84},[52,73908,67],{"class":66},[52,73910,17580],{"class":70},[52,73912,100],{"class":66},[52,73914,318],{"class":84},[52,73916,67],{"class":66},[52,73918,13233],{"class":70},[52,73920,100],{"class":66},[52,73922,3757],{"class":84},[52,73924,73925,73927,73929,73931],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,73926,17627],{"class":58},[52,73928,92],{"class":84},[52,73930,73697],{"class":88},[52,73932,8763],{"class":84},[52,73934,73935,73937,73939,73941],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,73936,81],{"class":80},[52,73938,85],{"class":84},[52,73940,17627],{"class":88},[52,73942,329],{"class":84},[20,73944,135],{},[43,73946,73948],{"className":45,"code":73947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73949,73950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73951,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73953,4021],{"class":84},[52,73955,1888],{"class":66},[52,73957,13233],{"class":70},[52,73959,1888],{"class":66},[52,73961,318],{"class":84},[52,73963,3416],{"class":66},[52,73965,17580],{"class":70},[52,73967,1888],{"class":66},[52,73969,318],{"class":84},[52,73971,3416],{"class":66},[52,73973,13216],{"class":70},[52,73975,1888],{"class":66},[52,73977,3757],{"class":84},[38,73979,11597],{"id":11596},[20,73981,73982],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[43,73984,73986],{"className":45,"code":73985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73987,73988,74012,74022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73989,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73991,3739],{"class":58},[52,73993,63],{"class":62},[52,73995,3744],{"class":84},[52,73997,2448],{"class":608},[52,73999,318],{"class":84},[52,74001,7914],{"class":608},[52,74003,318],{"class":84},[52,74005,7919],{"class":608},[52,74007,318],{"class":84},[52,74009,50967],{"class":608},[52,74011,3757],{"class":84},[52,74013,74014,74016,74018,74020],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74015,3771],{"class":58},[52,74017,92],{"class":84},[52,74019,73697],{"class":88},[52,74021,8763],{"class":84},[52,74023,74024,74026,74028,74030],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74025,81],{"class":80},[52,74027,85],{"class":84},[52,74029,3771],{"class":88},[52,74031,329],{"class":84},[20,74033,135],{},[43,74035,74037],{"className":45,"code":74036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74038,74039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74040,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74042,4021],{"class":84},[52,74044,56815],{"class":608},[52,74046,318],{"class":84},[52,74048,7919],{"class":608},[52,74050,318],{"class":84},[52,74052,7914],{"class":608},[52,74054,318],{"class":84},[52,74056,688],{"class":608},[52,74058,3757],{"class":84},[20,74060,11806],{},[176,74062,74063,74069,74074],{},[179,74064,74065,74066],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74067,74068],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[179,74070,74071,74073],{},[15,74072,73641],{}," flips the order",[179,74075,74076],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[38,74078,74080,74082],{"id":74079},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74081,73641],{}," changes the original list",[20,74084,74085,74086,74089],{},"This method is ",[3865,74087,74088],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[43,74091,74093],{"className":45,"code":74092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74094,74095,74127,74137,74141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74096,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123,74125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74098,36364],{"class":58},[52,74100,63],{"class":62},[52,74102,3744],{"class":84},[52,74104,100],{"class":66},[52,74106,4199],{"class":70},[52,74108,100],{"class":66},[52,74110,318],{"class":84},[52,74112,67],{"class":66},[52,74114,4208],{"class":70},[52,74116,100],{"class":66},[52,74118,318],{"class":84},[52,74120,67],{"class":66},[52,74122,4217],{"class":70},[52,74124,100],{"class":66},[52,74126,3757],{"class":84},[52,74128,74129,74131,74133,74135],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74130,36416],{"class":58},[52,74132,92],{"class":84},[52,74134,73697],{"class":88},[52,74136,8763],{"class":84},[52,74138,74139],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74140,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,74142,74143,74145,74147,74149],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,74144,81],{"class":80},[52,74146,85],{"class":84},[52,74148,36416],{"class":88},[52,74150,329],{"class":84},[20,74152,135],{},[43,74154,74156],{"className":45,"code":74155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74157,74158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74159,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74161,4021],{"class":84},[52,74163,1888],{"class":66},[52,74165,4217],{"class":70},[52,74167,1888],{"class":66},[52,74169,318],{"class":84},[52,74171,3416],{"class":66},[52,74173,4208],{"class":70},[52,74175,1888],{"class":66},[52,74177,318],{"class":84},[52,74179,3416],{"class":66},[52,74181,4199],{"class":70},[52,74183,1888],{"class":66},[52,74185,3757],{"class":84},[20,74187,154,74188,74190],{},[15,74189,73641],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74192,74193],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[43,74195,74197],{"className":45,"code":74196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74198,74199,74231,74249,74253,74263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74200,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74202,36364],{"class":58},[52,74204,63],{"class":62},[52,74206,3744],{"class":84},[52,74208,100],{"class":66},[52,74210,4199],{"class":70},[52,74212,100],{"class":66},[52,74214,318],{"class":84},[52,74216,67],{"class":66},[52,74218,4208],{"class":70},[52,74220,100],{"class":66},[52,74222,318],{"class":84},[52,74224,67],{"class":66},[52,74226,4217],{"class":70},[52,74228,100],{"class":66},[52,74230,3757],{"class":84},[52,74232,74233,74236,74238,74240,74243,74245,74247],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74234,74235],{"class":58},"reversed_fruits ",[52,74237,63],{"class":62},[52,74239,52973],{"class":58},[52,74241,74242],{"class":84},"[::",[52,74244,2137],{"class":62},[52,74246,3106],{"class":608},[52,74248,3757],{"class":84},[52,74250,74251],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74252,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,74254,74255,74257,74259,74261],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,74256,81],{"class":80},[52,74258,85],{"class":84},[52,74260,36416],{"class":88},[52,74262,329],{"class":84},[52,74264,74265,74267,74269,74272],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,74266,81],{"class":80},[52,74268,85],{"class":84},[52,74270,74271],{"class":88},"reversed_fruits",[52,74273,329],{"class":84},[20,74275,135],{},[43,74277,74279],{"className":45,"code":74278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74280,74281,74309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74284,4021],{"class":84},[52,74286,1888],{"class":66},[52,74288,4199],{"class":70},[52,74290,1888],{"class":66},[52,74292,318],{"class":84},[52,74294,3416],{"class":66},[52,74296,4208],{"class":70},[52,74298,1888],{"class":66},[52,74300,318],{"class":84},[52,74302,3416],{"class":66},[52,74304,4217],{"class":70},[52,74306,1888],{"class":66},[52,74308,3757],{"class":84},[52,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74312,4021],{"class":84},[52,74314,1888],{"class":66},[52,74316,4217],{"class":70},[52,74318,1888],{"class":66},[52,74320,318],{"class":84},[52,74322,3416],{"class":66},[52,74324,4208],{"class":70},[52,74326,1888],{"class":66},[52,74328,318],{"class":84},[52,74330,3416],{"class":66},[52,74332,4199],{"class":70},[52,74334,1888],{"class":66},[52,74336,3757],{"class":84},[20,74338,74339,74340,92],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[289,74341,74342],{"href":73659},"Python list slicing explained",[38,74344,74346],{"id":74345},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74348,74349],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[43,74351,74353],{"className":45,"code":74352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74354,74355,74375,74389,74393,74404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74356,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74358,3739],{"class":58},[52,74360,63],{"class":62},[52,74362,3744],{"class":84},[52,74364,3106],{"class":608},[52,74366,318],{"class":84},[52,74368,3111],{"class":608},[52,74370,318],{"class":84},[52,74372,609],{"class":608},[52,74374,3757],{"class":84},[52,74376,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74378,56012],{"class":58},[52,74380,63],{"class":62},[52,74382,4384],{"class":58},[52,74384,92],{"class":84},[52,74386,73697],{"class":88},[52,74388,8763],{"class":84},[52,74390,74391],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74392,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,74394,74395,74397,74399,74402],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,74396,81],{"class":80},[52,74398,85],{"class":84},[52,74400,74401],{"class":88},"new_list",[52,74403,329],{"class":84},[52,74405,74406,74408,74410,74412],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,74407,81],{"class":80},[52,74409,85],{"class":84},[52,74411,3771],{"class":88},[52,74413,329],{"class":84},[20,74415,135],{},[43,74417,74419],{"className":45,"code":74418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74420,74421,74425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74422,74423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74424,11931],{"class":145},[52,74426,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74428,4021],{"class":84},[52,74430,627],{"class":608},[52,74432,318],{"class":84},[52,74434,3111],{"class":608},[52,74436,318],{"class":84},[52,74438,5621],{"class":608},[52,74440,3757],{"class":84},[20,74442,12023],{},[176,74444,74445,74453,74457],{},[179,74446,74447,74449,74450,74452],{},[15,74448,73641],{}," changes ",[15,74451,3771],{}," directly",[179,74454,41032,74455,71959],{},[3865,74456,4752],{},[179,74458,53775,74459,42280,74461],{},[15,74460,74401],{},[15,74462,3901],{},[20,74464,62019],{},[43,74466,74468],{"className":45,"code":74467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74469,74470,74490,74500,74504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74471,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74473,3739],{"class":58},[52,74475,63],{"class":62},[52,74477,3744],{"class":84},[52,74479,3106],{"class":608},[52,74481,318],{"class":84},[52,74483,3111],{"class":608},[52,74485,318],{"class":84},[52,74487,609],{"class":608},[52,74489,3757],{"class":84},[52,74491,74492,74494,74496,74498],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74493,3771],{"class":58},[52,74495,92],{"class":84},[52,74497,73697],{"class":88},[52,74499,8763],{"class":84},[52,74501,74502],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74503,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,74505,74506,74508,74510,74512],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,74507,81],{"class":80},[52,74509,85],{"class":84},[52,74511,3771],{"class":88},[52,74513,329],{"class":84},[20,74515,135],{},[43,74517,74519],{"className":45,"code":74518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74520,74521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74522,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74524,4021],{"class":84},[52,74526,627],{"class":608},[52,74528,318],{"class":84},[52,74530,3111],{"class":608},[52,74532,318],{"class":84},[52,74534,5621],{"class":608},[52,74536,3757],{"class":84},[38,74538,74540,10707,74542,74545],{"id":74539},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74541,73641],{},[15,74543,74544],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74547,74548],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[412,74550,74551],{"id":73697},[15,74552,73641],{},[20,74554,74555,74557],{},[15,74556,73641],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[43,74559,74561],{"className":45,"code":74560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74562,74563,74583,74593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74564,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74566,3739],{"class":58},[52,74568,63],{"class":62},[52,74570,3744],{"class":84},[52,74572,627],{"class":608},[52,74574,318],{"class":84},[52,74576,5621],{"class":608},[52,74578,318],{"class":84},[52,74580,3111],{"class":608},[52,74582,3757],{"class":84},[52,74584,74585,74587,74589,74591],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74586,3771],{"class":58},[52,74588,92],{"class":84},[52,74590,73697],{"class":88},[52,74592,8763],{"class":84},[52,74594,74595,74597,74599,74601],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74596,81],{"class":80},[52,74598,85],{"class":84},[52,74600,3771],{"class":88},[52,74602,329],{"class":84},[20,74604,135],{},[43,74606,74608],{"className":45,"code":74607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74609,74610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74611,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74613,4021],{"class":84},[52,74615,2172],{"class":608},[52,74617,318],{"class":84},[52,74619,5621],{"class":608},[52,74621,318],{"class":84},[52,74623,609],{"class":608},[52,74625,3757],{"class":84},[20,74627,74628,74629,74631],{},"Notice that this is ",[3865,74630,4752],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[412,74633,74635],{"id":74634},"sorted",[15,74636,74544],{},[20,74638,74639,74644],{},[289,74640,74642],{"href":74641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74643,74544],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[43,74646,74648],{"className":45,"code":74647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74649,74650,74670,74685,74689,74699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74651,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74653,3739],{"class":58},[52,74655,63],{"class":62},[52,74657,3744],{"class":84},[52,74659,627],{"class":608},[52,74661,318],{"class":84},[52,74663,5621],{"class":608},[52,74665,318],{"class":84},[52,74667,3111],{"class":608},[52,74669,3757],{"class":84},[52,74671,74672,74674,74676,74679,74681,74683],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74673,2346],{"class":58},[52,74675,63],{"class":62},[52,74677,74678],{"class":80}," sorted",[52,74680,85],{"class":84},[52,74682,3771],{"class":88},[52,74684,329],{"class":84},[52,74686,74687],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74688,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,74690,74691,74693,74695,74697],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,74692,81],{"class":80},[52,74694,85],{"class":84},[52,74696,3771],{"class":88},[52,74698,329],{"class":84},[52,74700,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,74702,81],{"class":80},[52,74704,85],{"class":84},[52,74706,2381],{"class":88},[52,74708,329],{"class":84},[20,74710,135],{},[43,74712,74714],{"className":45,"code":74713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74715,74716,74732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74717,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74719,4021],{"class":84},[52,74721,627],{"class":608},[52,74723,318],{"class":84},[52,74725,5621],{"class":608},[52,74727,318],{"class":84},[52,74729,3111],{"class":608},[52,74731,3757],{"class":84},[52,74733,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74735,4021],{"class":84},[52,74737,3106],{"class":608},[52,74739,318],{"class":84},[52,74741,3111],{"class":608},[52,74743,318],{"class":84},[52,74745,609],{"class":608},[52,74747,3757],{"class":84},[20,74749,74750,74751,92],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74752,74753],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[412,74755,74757],{"id":74756},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74759,74760,74761,74764],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74762,74763],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[43,74766,74768],{"className":45,"code":74767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74769,74770,74790,74806,74810,74820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74771,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74773,3739],{"class":58},[52,74775,63],{"class":62},[52,74777,3744],{"class":84},[52,74779,627],{"class":608},[52,74781,318],{"class":84},[52,74783,5621],{"class":608},[52,74785,318],{"class":84},[52,74787,3111],{"class":608},[52,74789,3757],{"class":84},[52,74791,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74793,2346],{"class":58},[52,74795,63],{"class":62},[52,74797,4384],{"class":58},[52,74799,74242],{"class":84},[52,74801,2137],{"class":62},[52,74803,3106],{"class":608},[52,74805,3757],{"class":84},[52,74807,74808],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,74809,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,74811,74812,74814,74816,74818],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,74813,81],{"class":80},[52,74815,85],{"class":84},[52,74817,3771],{"class":88},[52,74819,329],{"class":84},[52,74821,74822,74824,74826,74828],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,74823,81],{"class":80},[52,74825,85],{"class":84},[52,74827,2381],{"class":88},[52,74829,329],{"class":84},[20,74831,135],{},[43,74833,74835],{"className":45,"code":74834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74836,74837,74853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74838,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74840,4021],{"class":84},[52,74842,627],{"class":608},[52,74844,318],{"class":84},[52,74846,5621],{"class":608},[52,74848,318],{"class":84},[52,74850,3111],{"class":608},[52,74852,3757],{"class":84},[52,74854,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865,74867],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74856,4021],{"class":84},[52,74858,2172],{"class":608},[52,74860,318],{"class":84},[52,74862,5621],{"class":608},[52,74864,318],{"class":84},[52,74866,609],{"class":608},[52,74868,3757],{"class":84},[412,74870,74872],{"id":74871},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[176,74874,74875,74880,74885],{},[179,74876,154,74877,74879],{},[15,74878,73641],{}," when you want to change the original list",[179,74881,154,74882,74884],{},[15,74883,74763],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[179,74886,154,74887,74889],{},[15,74888,74544],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74891,74892,74893,74899],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[289,74894,74896,74897,1441],{"href":74895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74898,64433],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[38,74901,5084,74903],{"id":74902},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74904,73641],{},[20,74906,74907,74909],{},[15,74908,73641],{}," is a good choice:",[176,74911,74912,74915,74918],{},[179,74913,74914],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[179,74916,74917],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[179,74919,74920],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74922,74923,74924,92],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[289,74925,74927],{"href":74926},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[38,74929,1445],{"id":1444},[20,74931,74932,74933,74935],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74934,73641],{}," for these reasons:",[176,74937,74938,74942,74947,74952],{},[179,74939,12717,74940,12720],{},[15,74941,73641],{},[179,74943,1725,74944,74946],{},[15,74945,73641],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[179,74948,1828,74949,74951],{},[15,74950,73641],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[179,74953,1632,74954,1635,74956],{},[15,74955,73641],{},[15,74957,74958],{},"reversed()",[20,74960,74961],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[43,74963,74965],{"className":45,"code":74964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74966,74967,74979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74968,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74970,207],{"class":58},[52,74972,63],{"class":62},[52,74974,67],{"class":66},[52,74976,266],{"class":70},[52,74978,74],{"class":66},[52,74980,74981,74983,74985,74987],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,74982,231],{"class":58},[52,74984,92],{"class":84},[52,74986,73697],{"class":88},[52,74988,8763],{"class":84},[20,74990,74991,74992,33727],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74993,73641],{},[20,74995,74996],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[43,74998,75000],{"className":45,"code":74999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75001,75002,75022,75026,75036,75050,75054,75068,75078,75082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75003,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75005,8432],{"class":58},[52,75007,63],{"class":62},[52,75009,3744],{"class":84},[52,75011,3106],{"class":608},[52,75013,318],{"class":84},[52,75015,3111],{"class":608},[52,75017,318],{"class":84},[52,75019,609],{"class":608},[52,75021,3757],{"class":84},[52,75023,75024],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75025,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75027,75028,75030,75032,75034],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75029,81],{"class":80},[52,75031,85],{"class":84},[52,75033,8463],{"class":88},[52,75035,329],{"class":84},[52,75037,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,75039,81],{"class":80},[52,75041,85],{"class":84},[52,75043,1930],{"class":1929},[52,75045,85],{"class":84},[52,75047,8463],{"class":88},[52,75049,108],{"class":84},[52,75051,75052],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,75053,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75055,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,75057,2346],{"class":58},[52,75059,63],{"class":62},[52,75061,8519],{"class":58},[52,75063,92],{"class":84},[52,75065,73697],{"class":88},[52,75067,8763],{"class":84},[52,75069,75070,75072,75074,75076],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,75071,81],{"class":80},[52,75073,85],{"class":84},[52,75075,2381],{"class":88},[52,75077,329],{"class":84},[52,75079,75080],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,75081,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75083,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094,75096],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,75085,81],{"class":80},[52,75087,85],{"class":84},[52,75089,8463],{"class":88},[52,75091,74242],{"class":84},[52,75093,2137],{"class":62},[52,75095,3106],{"class":608},[52,75097,4009],{"class":84},[20,75099,135],{},[43,75101,75103],{"className":45,"code":75102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75104,75105,75121,75135,75139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75106,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75108,4021],{"class":84},[52,75110,3106],{"class":608},[52,75112,318],{"class":84},[52,75114,3111],{"class":608},[52,75116,318],{"class":84},[52,75118,609],{"class":608},[52,75120,3757],{"class":84},[52,75122,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75124,3410],{"class":62},[52,75126,3413],{"class":2180},[52,75128,3416],{"class":66},[52,75130,8217],{"class":70},[52,75132,1888],{"class":66},[52,75134,3423],{"class":62},[52,75136,75137],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75138,11931],{"class":145},[52,75140,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,75142,4021],{"class":84},[52,75144,3106],{"class":608},[52,75146,318],{"class":84},[52,75148,3111],{"class":608},[52,75150,318],{"class":84},[52,75152,5621],{"class":608},[52,75154,3757],{"class":84},[20,75156,75157],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[43,75159,75161],{"className":45,"code":75160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75162,75163,75183,75187,75197,75211,75215,75229,75239,75249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75164,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179,75181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75166,8432],{"class":58},[52,75168,63],{"class":62},[52,75170,3744],{"class":84},[52,75172,3106],{"class":608},[52,75174,318],{"class":84},[52,75176,3111],{"class":608},[52,75178,318],{"class":84},[52,75180,609],{"class":608},[52,75182,3757],{"class":84},[52,75184,75185],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75186,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75188,75189,75191,75193,75195],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75190,81],{"class":80},[52,75192,85],{"class":84},[52,75194,8463],{"class":88},[52,75196,329],{"class":84},[52,75198,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,75200,81],{"class":80},[52,75202,85],{"class":84},[52,75204,1930],{"class":1929},[52,75206,85],{"class":84},[52,75208,8463],{"class":88},[52,75210,108],{"class":84},[52,75212,75213],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,75214,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75216,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,75218,2346],{"class":58},[52,75220,63],{"class":62},[52,75222,8519],{"class":58},[52,75224,92],{"class":84},[52,75226,73697],{"class":88},[52,75228,8763],{"class":84},[52,75230,75231,75233,75235,75237],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,75232,81],{"class":80},[52,75234,85],{"class":84},[52,75236,2381],{"class":88},[52,75238,329],{"class":84},[52,75240,75241,75243,75245,75247],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,75242,81],{"class":80},[52,75244,85],{"class":84},[52,75246,8463],{"class":88},[52,75248,329],{"class":84},[52,75250,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,75252,81],{"class":80},[52,75254,85],{"class":84},[52,75256,8463],{"class":88},[52,75258,74242],{"class":84},[52,75260,2137],{"class":62},[52,75262,3106],{"class":608},[52,75264,4009],{"class":84},[20,75266,135],{},[43,75268,75270],{"className":45,"code":75269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75271,75272,75288,75302,75306,75322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75273,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75275,4021],{"class":84},[52,75277,3106],{"class":608},[52,75279,318],{"class":84},[52,75281,3111],{"class":608},[52,75283,318],{"class":84},[52,75285,609],{"class":608},[52,75287,3757],{"class":84},[52,75289,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75291,3410],{"class":62},[52,75293,3413],{"class":2180},[52,75295,3416],{"class":66},[52,75297,8217],{"class":70},[52,75299,1888],{"class":66},[52,75301,3423],{"class":62},[52,75303,75304],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75305,11931],{"class":145},[52,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,75309,4021],{"class":84},[52,75311,627],{"class":608},[52,75313,318],{"class":84},[52,75315,3111],{"class":608},[52,75317,318],{"class":84},[52,75319,5621],{"class":608},[52,75321,3757],{"class":84},[52,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,75325,4021],{"class":84},[52,75327,3106],{"class":608},[52,75329,318],{"class":84},[52,75331,3111],{"class":608},[52,75333,318],{"class":84},[52,75335,609],{"class":608},[52,75337,3757],{"class":84},[20,75339,75340],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[176,75342,75343,75352,75361],{},[179,75344,27921,75345,75348,75349],{},[15,75346,75347],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75350,75351],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[179,75353,12039,75354,75357,75358,22686],{},[15,75355,75356],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3865,75359,75360],{},"current",[179,75362,75363,75364],{},"So it prints ",[15,75365,75366],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[38,75368,1940],{"id":1939},[412,75370,1944,75372,55591],{"id":75371},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75373,73646],{},[20,75375,62724,75376,92],{},[15,75377,3901],{},[412,75379,34332,75381,34335,75383,1993],{"id":75380},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75382,73641],{},[15,75384,75385],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75387,75388,75390],{},[15,75389,73641],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75392,75393,75395],{},[15,75394,75385],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[412,75397,28454,75399,75401],{"id":75398},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75400,73641],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75403,46488,75404,75406],{},[15,75405,73641],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[412,75408,75410],{"id":75409},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75412,75413],{},"Use slicing:",[43,75415,75417],{"className":45,"code":75416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75418,75419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75420,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75422,8463],{"class":58},[52,75424,74242],{"class":84},[52,75426,2137],{"class":62},[52,75428,3106],{"class":608},[52,75430,3757],{"class":84},[20,75432,75433],{},"Or use:",[43,75435,75437],{"className":45,"code":75436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75438,75439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75440,75441,75443,75445,75448,75450,75452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75442,8217],{"class":1929},[52,75444,85],{"class":84},[52,75446,75447],{"class":80},"reversed",[52,75449,85],{"class":84},[52,75451,8463],{"class":88},[52,75453,108],{"class":84},[20,75455,75456,75457,75461],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[289,75458,55642,75459],{"href":55082},[15,75460,12899],{}," can also help.",[38,75463,2005],{"id":2004},[176,75465,75466,75472,75478,75482,75486],{},[179,75467,75468],{},[289,75469,55642,75470,1441],{"href":74895},[15,75471,64433],{},[179,75473,75474],{},[289,75475,3696,75476,3629],{"href":74641},[15,75477,74544],{},[179,75479,75480],{},[289,75481,74927],{"href":74926},[179,75483,75484],{},[289,75485,74342],{"href":73659},[179,75487,75488],{},[289,75489,55642,75490,1441],{"href":55082},[15,75491,12899],{},[2035,75493,75494],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":75496},[75497,75498,75500,75501,75502,75504,75505,75512,75514,75515,75524],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":73720,"depth":77,"text":75499},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":74079,"depth":77,"text":75503},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74345,"depth":77,"text":74346},{"id":74539,"depth":77,"text":75506,"children":75507},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75508,75509,75510,75511],{"id":73697,"depth":111,"text":73641},{"id":74634,"depth":111,"text":74544},{"id":74756,"depth":111,"text":74757},{"id":74871,"depth":111,"text":74872},{"id":74902,"depth":77,"text":75513},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":75516},[75517,75519,75521,75523],{"id":75371,"depth":111,"text":75518},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75380,"depth":111,"text":75520},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75398,"depth":111,"text":75522},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75409,"depth":111,"text":75410},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73633,"description":75525},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75532,"title":75533,"body":75534,"description":77967,"extension":2078,"meta":77968,"navigation":221,"path":77969,"seo":77970,"stem":77971,"__hash__":77972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75535,"toc":77935},[75536,75539,75551,75554,75577,75585,75587,75699,75708,75712,75715,75718,75805,75807,75840,75842,75865,75871,75875,75878,75900,75902,75919,75922,75942,75944,76054,76056,76133,76137,76140,76183,76185,76318,76320,76422,76427,76431,76434,76436,76450,76453,76567,76569,76643,76645,76673,76677,76682,76712,76715,76841,76843,76925,76931,76935,76937,76976,76985,76989,76992,76996,77043,77045,77053,77057,77108,77110,77123,77125,77139,77142,77150,77152,77199,77201,77209,77212,77255,77260,77263,77266,77289,77293,77344,77347,77368,77378,77382,77384,77414,77417,77440,77444,77447,77514,77516,77553,77556,77564,77631,77633,77670,77676,77683,77687,77690,77720,77725,77729,77732,77756,77759,77853,77863,77865,77869,77872,77876,77879,77884,77887,77893,77896,77898,77926,77932],[10,75537,75533],{"id":75538},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75540,75541,75542,2305,75544,17198,75547,75550],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75543,341],{},[15,75545,75546],{},"stop",[15,75548,75549],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75552,75553],{},"The basic slice form is:",[43,75555,75557],{"className":45,"code":75556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75558,75559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75560,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75562,8463],{"class":58},[52,75564,4021],{"class":84},[52,75566,341],{"class":58},[52,75568,174],{"class":84},[52,75570,75546],{"class":58},[52,75572,174],{"class":84},[52,75574,75549],{"class":58},[52,75576,3757],{"class":84},[20,75578,75579,75580,75582,75583,92],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75581,75546],{}," position is ",[3865,75584,65190],{},[38,75586,41],{"id":40},[43,75588,75590],{"className":45,"code":75589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75591,75592,75620,75624,75645,75663,75680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75593,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75595,3739],{"class":58},[52,75597,63],{"class":62},[52,75599,3744],{"class":84},[52,75601,2448],{"class":608},[52,75603,318],{"class":84},[52,75605,7914],{"class":608},[52,75607,318],{"class":84},[52,75609,7919],{"class":608},[52,75611,318],{"class":84},[52,75613,50967],{"class":608},[52,75615,318],{"class":84},[52,75617,5204],{"class":608},[52,75619,3757],{"class":84},[52,75621,75622],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75623,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75625,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75627,81],{"class":80},[52,75629,85],{"class":84},[52,75631,3771],{"class":88},[52,75633,4021],{"class":84},[52,75635,3106],{"class":608},[52,75637,174],{"class":84},[52,75639,2623],{"class":608},[52,75641,20572],{"class":84},[52,75643,75644],{"class":1479},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[52,75646,75647,75649,75651,75653,75656,75658,75660],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,75648,81],{"class":80},[52,75650,85],{"class":84},[52,75652,3771],{"class":88},[52,75654,75655],{"class":84},"[:",[52,75657,627],{"class":608},[52,75659,20572],{"class":84},[52,75661,75662],{"class":1479},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[52,75664,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,75666,81],{"class":80},[52,75668,85],{"class":84},[52,75670,3771],{"class":88},[52,75672,74242],{"class":84},[52,75674,2172],{"class":608},[52,75676,20572],{"class":84},[52,75678,75679],{"class":1479},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[52,75681,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,75683,81],{"class":80},[52,75685,85],{"class":84},[52,75687,3771],{"class":88},[52,75689,74242],{"class":84},[52,75691,2137],{"class":62},[52,75693,3106],{"class":608},[52,75695,20572],{"class":84},[52,75697,75698],{"class":1479},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75700,154,75701,75704,75705,75707],{},[15,75702,75703],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75706,75546],{}," value is not included.",[38,75709,75711],{"id":75710},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75713,75714],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75716,75717],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[43,75719,75721],{"className":45,"code":75720,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75722,75723,75771,75775,75794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75724,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75726,36215],{"class":58},[52,75728,63],{"class":62},[52,75730,3744],{"class":84},[52,75732,100],{"class":66},[52,75734,289],{"class":70},[52,75736,100],{"class":66},[52,75738,318],{"class":84},[52,75740,67],{"class":66},[52,75742,4883],{"class":70},[52,75744,100],{"class":66},[52,75746,318],{"class":84},[52,75748,67],{"class":66},[52,75750,9860],{"class":70},[52,75752,100],{"class":66},[52,75754,318],{"class":84},[52,75756,67],{"class":66},[52,75758,18893],{"class":70},[52,75760,100],{"class":66},[52,75762,318],{"class":84},[52,75764,67],{"class":66},[52,75766,60570],{"class":70},[52,75768,100],{"class":66},[52,75770,3757],{"class":84},[52,75772,75773],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75774,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75776,75777,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75778,75779],{"class":58},"part ",[52,75781,63],{"class":62},[52,75783,70216],{"class":58},[52,75785,4021],{"class":84},[52,75787,3106],{"class":608},[52,75789,174],{"class":84},[52,75791,2623],{"class":608},[52,75793,3757],{"class":84},[52,75795,75796,75798,75800,75803],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,75797,81],{"class":80},[52,75799,85],{"class":84},[52,75801,75802],{"class":88},"part",[52,75804,329],{"class":84},[20,75806,135],{},[43,75808,75810],{"className":45,"code":75809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75811,75812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75813,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75815,4021],{"class":84},[52,75817,1888],{"class":66},[52,75819,4883],{"class":70},[52,75821,1888],{"class":66},[52,75823,318],{"class":84},[52,75825,3416],{"class":66},[52,75827,9860],{"class":70},[52,75829,1888],{"class":66},[52,75831,318],{"class":84},[52,75833,3416],{"class":66},[52,75835,18893],{"class":70},[52,75837,1888],{"class":66},[52,75839,3757],{"class":84},[20,75841,13175],{},[176,75843,75844,75847,75850,75856,75862],{},[179,75845,75846],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[179,75848,75849],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[179,75851,75852,75853],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75854,75855],{},"list[start:stop]",[179,75857,75858,75859,75861],{},"The item at ",[15,75860,75546],{}," is not included",[179,75863,75864],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75866,75867,75868,92],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[289,75869,75870],{"href":51102},"beginner guide to Python lists",[38,75872,75874],{"id":75873},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75876,75877],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[43,75879,75880],{"className":45,"code":75556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,75881,75882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75883,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75885,8463],{"class":58},[52,75887,4021],{"class":84},[52,75889,341],{"class":58},[52,75891,174],{"class":84},[52,75893,75546],{"class":58},[52,75895,174],{"class":84},[52,75897,75549],{"class":58},[52,75899,3757],{"class":84},[20,75901,65166],{},[176,75903,75904,75909,75914],{},[179,75905,75906,75908],{},[15,75907,341],{}," is where slicing begins",[179,75910,75911,75913],{},[15,75912,75546],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[179,75915,75916,75918],{},[15,75917,75549],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75920,75921],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[176,75923,75924,75930,75935],{},[179,75925,75926,75927,75929],{},"Missing ",[15,75928,341],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[179,75931,75926,75932,75934],{},[15,75933,75546],{}," means go to the end of the list",[179,75936,75926,75937,75939,75940],{},[15,75938,75549],{}," means use ",[15,75941,3106],{},[20,75943,197],{},[43,75945,75947],{"className":45,"code":75946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75948,75949,75977,75981,76002,76019,76037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75950,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75952,3739],{"class":58},[52,75954,63],{"class":62},[52,75956,3744],{"class":84},[52,75958,2448],{"class":608},[52,75960,318],{"class":84},[52,75962,7914],{"class":608},[52,75964,318],{"class":84},[52,75966,7919],{"class":608},[52,75968,318],{"class":84},[52,75970,50967],{"class":608},[52,75972,318],{"class":84},[52,75974,5204],{"class":608},[52,75976,3757],{"class":84},[52,75978,75979],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,75980,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,75982,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,75984,81],{"class":80},[52,75986,85],{"class":84},[52,75988,3771],{"class":88},[52,75990,4021],{"class":84},[52,75992,3106],{"class":608},[52,75994,174],{"class":84},[52,75996,2623],{"class":608},[52,75998,20572],{"class":84},[52,76000,76001],{"class":1479},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[52,76003,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76005,81],{"class":80},[52,76007,85],{"class":84},[52,76009,3771],{"class":88},[52,76011,75655],{"class":84},[52,76013,627],{"class":608},[52,76015,20572],{"class":84},[52,76017,76018],{"class":1479},"    # start from the beginning\n",[52,76020,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76034],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,76022,81],{"class":80},[52,76024,85],{"class":84},[52,76026,3771],{"class":88},[52,76028,4021],{"class":84},[52,76030,2172],{"class":608},[52,76032,76033],{"class":84},":])",[52,76035,76036],{"class":1479},"    # go to the end\n",[52,76038,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,76040,81],{"class":80},[52,76042,85],{"class":84},[52,76044,3771],{"class":88},[52,76046,74242],{"class":84},[52,76048,3106],{"class":608},[52,76050,20572],{"class":84},[52,76052,76053],{"class":1479},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76055,135],{},[43,76057,76059],{"className":45,"code":76058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76060,76061,76077,76093,76109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76062,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76064,4021],{"class":84},[52,76066,15879],{"class":608},[52,76068,318],{"class":84},[52,76070,7919],{"class":608},[52,76072,318],{"class":84},[52,76074,50967],{"class":608},[52,76076,3757],{"class":84},[52,76078,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76080,4021],{"class":84},[52,76082,2448],{"class":608},[52,76084,318],{"class":84},[52,76086,7914],{"class":608},[52,76088,318],{"class":84},[52,76090,7919],{"class":608},[52,76092,3757],{"class":84},[52,76094,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76096,4021],{"class":84},[52,76098,36967],{"class":608},[52,76100,318],{"class":84},[52,76102,50967],{"class":608},[52,76104,318],{"class":84},[52,76106,5204],{"class":608},[52,76108,3757],{"class":84},[52,76110,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76112,4021],{"class":84},[52,76114,2448],{"class":608},[52,76116,318],{"class":84},[52,76118,7914],{"class":608},[52,76120,318],{"class":84},[52,76122,7919],{"class":608},[52,76124,318],{"class":84},[52,76126,50967],{"class":608},[52,76128,318],{"class":84},[52,76130,5204],{"class":608},[52,76132,3757],{"class":84},[38,76134,76136],{"id":76135},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76138,76139],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[176,76141,76142,76151,76160,76171,76177],{},[179,76143,76144,76147,76148,6089],{},[15,76145,76146],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76149,76150],{},"n",[179,76152,76153,76156,76157,76159],{},[15,76154,76155],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76158,76150],{}," to the end",[179,76161,76162,76165,76166,76168,76169],{},[15,76163,76164],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76167,289],{}," up to ",[15,76170,4883],{},[179,76172,76173,76176],{},[15,76174,76175],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[179,76178,76179,76182],{},[15,76180,76181],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76184,197],{},[43,76186,76188],{"className":45,"code":76187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76189,76190,76223,76227,76244,76261,76282,76299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76191,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76193,3739],{"class":58},[52,76195,63],{"class":62},[52,76197,3744],{"class":84},[52,76199,2448],{"class":608},[52,76201,318],{"class":84},[52,76203,7914],{"class":608},[52,76205,318],{"class":84},[52,76207,7919],{"class":608},[52,76209,318],{"class":84},[52,76211,50967],{"class":608},[52,76213,318],{"class":84},[52,76215,5204],{"class":608},[52,76217,318],{"class":84},[52,76219,76220],{"class":608}," 60",[52,76222,3757],{"class":84},[52,76224,76225],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76226,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,76228,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76230,81],{"class":80},[52,76232,85],{"class":84},[52,76234,3771],{"class":88},[52,76236,75655],{"class":84},[52,76238,627],{"class":608},[52,76240,20572],{"class":84},[52,76242,76243],{"class":1479},"    # first 3 items\n",[52,76245,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76247,81],{"class":80},[52,76249,85],{"class":84},[52,76251,3771],{"class":88},[52,76253,4021],{"class":84},[52,76255,627],{"class":608},[52,76257,76033],{"class":84},[52,76259,76260],{"class":1479},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[52,76262,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,76264,81],{"class":80},[52,76266,85],{"class":84},[52,76268,3771],{"class":88},[52,76270,4021],{"class":84},[52,76272,3106],{"class":608},[52,76274,174],{"class":84},[52,76276,2252],{"class":608},[52,76278,20572],{"class":84},[52,76280,76281],{"class":1479},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[52,76283,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,76285,81],{"class":80},[52,76287,85],{"class":84},[52,76289,3771],{"class":88},[52,76291,74242],{"class":84},[52,76293,2172],{"class":608},[52,76295,20572],{"class":84},[52,76297,76298],{"class":1479},"   # every second item\n",[52,76300,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,76302,81],{"class":80},[52,76304,85],{"class":84},[52,76306,3771],{"class":88},[52,76308,74242],{"class":84},[52,76310,2137],{"class":62},[52,76312,3106],{"class":608},[52,76314,20572],{"class":84},[52,76316,76317],{"class":1479},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76319,135],{},[43,76321,76323],{"className":45,"code":76322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76324,76325,76341,76357,76377,76393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76328,4021],{"class":84},[52,76330,2448],{"class":608},[52,76332,318],{"class":84},[52,76334,7914],{"class":608},[52,76336,318],{"class":84},[52,76338,7919],{"class":608},[52,76340,3757],{"class":84},[52,76342,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76344,4021],{"class":84},[52,76346,56815],{"class":608},[52,76348,318],{"class":84},[52,76350,5204],{"class":608},[52,76352,318],{"class":84},[52,76354,76220],{"class":608},[52,76356,3757],{"class":84},[52,76358,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76360,4021],{"class":84},[52,76362,15879],{"class":608},[52,76364,318],{"class":84},[52,76366,7919],{"class":608},[52,76368,318],{"class":84},[52,76370,50967],{"class":608},[52,76372,318],{"class":84},[52,76374,5204],{"class":608},[52,76376,3757],{"class":84},[52,76378,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76380,4021],{"class":84},[52,76382,2448],{"class":608},[52,76384,318],{"class":84},[52,76386,7919],{"class":608},[52,76388,318],{"class":84},[52,76390,5204],{"class":608},[52,76392,3757],{"class":84},[52,76394,76395,76397,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,76396,4021],{"class":84},[52,76398,76399],{"class":608},"60",[52,76401,318],{"class":84},[52,76403,5204],{"class":608},[52,76405,318],{"class":84},[52,76407,50967],{"class":608},[52,76409,318],{"class":84},[52,76411,7919],{"class":608},[52,76413,318],{"class":84},[52,76415,7914],{"class":608},[52,76417,318],{"class":84},[52,76419,688],{"class":608},[52,76421,3757],{"class":84},[20,76423,76424,76425,92],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[289,76426,15013],{"href":57342},[38,76428,76430],{"id":76429},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76432,76433],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76435,5595],{},[176,76437,76438,76444],{},[179,76439,76440,76443],{},[15,76441,76442],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[179,76445,76446,76449],{},[15,76447,76448],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76451,76452],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[43,76454,76456],{"className":45,"code":76455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76457,76458,76506,76510,76529,76548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76459,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76461,36215],{"class":58},[52,76463,63],{"class":62},[52,76465,3744],{"class":84},[52,76467,100],{"class":66},[52,76469,289],{"class":70},[52,76471,100],{"class":66},[52,76473,318],{"class":84},[52,76475,67],{"class":66},[52,76477,4883],{"class":70},[52,76479,100],{"class":66},[52,76481,318],{"class":84},[52,76483,67],{"class":66},[52,76485,9860],{"class":70},[52,76487,100],{"class":66},[52,76489,318],{"class":84},[52,76491,67],{"class":66},[52,76493,18893],{"class":70},[52,76495,100],{"class":66},[52,76497,318],{"class":84},[52,76499,67],{"class":66},[52,76501,60570],{"class":70},[52,76503,100],{"class":66},[52,76505,3757],{"class":84},[52,76507,76508],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76509,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,76511,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76513,81],{"class":80},[52,76515,85],{"class":84},[52,76517,36268],{"class":88},[52,76519,4021],{"class":84},[52,76521,2137],{"class":62},[52,76523,3106],{"class":608},[52,76525,20572],{"class":84},[52,76527,76528],{"class":1479},"    # last item\n",[52,76530,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76532,81],{"class":80},[52,76534,85],{"class":84},[52,76536,36268],{"class":88},[52,76538,4021],{"class":84},[52,76540,2137],{"class":62},[52,76542,627],{"class":608},[52,76544,76033],{"class":84},[52,76546,76547],{"class":1479},"   # last 3 items\n",[52,76549,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,76551,81],{"class":80},[52,76553,85],{"class":84},[52,76555,36268],{"class":88},[52,76557,75655],{"class":84},[52,76559,2137],{"class":62},[52,76561,3106],{"class":608},[52,76563,20572],{"class":84},[52,76565,76566],{"class":1479},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76568,135],{},[43,76570,76572],{"className":45,"code":76571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76573,76574,76579,76607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76575,76576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76577,76578],{"class":58},"e\n",[52,76580,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76582,4021],{"class":84},[52,76584,1888],{"class":66},[52,76586,9860],{"class":70},[52,76588,1888],{"class":66},[52,76590,318],{"class":84},[52,76592,3416],{"class":66},[52,76594,18893],{"class":70},[52,76596,1888],{"class":66},[52,76598,318],{"class":84},[52,76600,3416],{"class":66},[52,76602,60570],{"class":70},[52,76604,1888],{"class":66},[52,76606,3757],{"class":84},[52,76608,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76610,4021],{"class":84},[52,76612,1888],{"class":66},[52,76614,289],{"class":70},[52,76616,1888],{"class":66},[52,76618,318],{"class":84},[52,76620,3416],{"class":66},[52,76622,4883],{"class":70},[52,76624,1888],{"class":66},[52,76626,318],{"class":84},[52,76628,3416],{"class":66},[52,76630,9860],{"class":70},[52,76632,1888],{"class":66},[52,76634,318],{"class":84},[52,76636,3416],{"class":66},[52,76638,18893],{"class":70},[52,76640,1888],{"class":66},[52,76642,3757],{"class":84},[20,76644,13175],{},[176,76646,76647,76650,76654,76660,76666],{},[179,76648,76649],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[179,76651,76652,76443],{},[15,76653,76442],{},[179,76655,76656,76659],{},[15,76657,76658],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[179,76661,76662,76665],{},[15,76663,76664],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[179,76667,76668,76669,342,76671],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76670,341],{},[15,76672,75546],{},[38,76674,76676],{"id":76675},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76678,2095,76679,76681],{},[15,76680,75549],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[176,76683,76684,76687,76690,76695,76705],{},[179,76685,76686],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[179,76688,76689],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[179,76691,76692,76694],{},[15,76693,76181],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[179,76696,8995,76697,76699,76700,76702,76703],{},[15,76698,75549],{}," is negative, ",[15,76701,341],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76704,75546],{},[179,76706,76707,76709,76710],{},[15,76708,75549],{}," cannot be ",[15,76711,2235],{},[20,76713,76714],{},"Example with different step values:",[43,76716,76718],{"className":45,"code":76717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76719,76720,76752,76756,76773,76795,76814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76721,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76723,3739],{"class":58},[52,76725,63],{"class":62},[52,76727,3744],{"class":84},[52,76729,2448],{"class":608},[52,76731,318],{"class":84},[52,76733,7914],{"class":608},[52,76735,318],{"class":84},[52,76737,7919],{"class":608},[52,76739,318],{"class":84},[52,76741,50967],{"class":608},[52,76743,318],{"class":84},[52,76745,5204],{"class":608},[52,76747,318],{"class":84},[52,76749,76220],{"class":608},[52,76751,3757],{"class":84},[52,76753,76754],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76755,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,76757,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76759,81],{"class":80},[52,76761,85],{"class":84},[52,76763,3771],{"class":88},[52,76765,74242],{"class":84},[52,76767,2172],{"class":608},[52,76769,20572],{"class":84},[52,76771,76772],{"class":1479},"     # every second item\n",[52,76774,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76788,76790,76792],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76776,81],{"class":80},[52,76778,85],{"class":84},[52,76780,3771],{"class":88},[52,76782,4021],{"class":84},[52,76784,3106],{"class":608},[52,76786,76787],{"class":84},"::",[52,76789,2172],{"class":608},[52,76791,20572],{"class":84},[52,76793,76794],{"class":1479},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[52,76796,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,76798,81],{"class":80},[52,76800,85],{"class":84},[52,76802,3771],{"class":88},[52,76804,74242],{"class":84},[52,76806,2137],{"class":62},[52,76808,3106],{"class":608},[52,76810,20572],{"class":84},[52,76812,76813],{"class":1479},"    # reverse the list\n",[52,76815,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,76817,81],{"class":80},[52,76819,85],{"class":84},[52,76821,3771],{"class":88},[52,76823,4021],{"class":84},[52,76825,2623],{"class":608},[52,76827,174],{"class":84},[52,76829,3106],{"class":608},[52,76831,174],{"class":84},[52,76833,2137],{"class":62},[52,76835,3106],{"class":608},[52,76837,20572],{"class":84},[52,76839,76840],{"class":1479},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76842,135],{},[43,76844,76846],{"className":45,"code":76845,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76847,76848,76864,76880,76908],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76849,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76851,4021],{"class":84},[52,76853,2448],{"class":608},[52,76855,318],{"class":84},[52,76857,7919],{"class":608},[52,76859,318],{"class":84},[52,76861,5204],{"class":608},[52,76863,3757],{"class":84},[52,76865,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76867,4021],{"class":84},[52,76869,15879],{"class":608},[52,76871,318],{"class":84},[52,76873,50967],{"class":608},[52,76875,318],{"class":84},[52,76877,76220],{"class":608},[52,76879,3757],{"class":84},[52,76881,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,76883,4021],{"class":84},[52,76885,76399],{"class":608},[52,76887,318],{"class":84},[52,76889,5204],{"class":608},[52,76891,318],{"class":84},[52,76893,50967],{"class":608},[52,76895,318],{"class":84},[52,76897,7919],{"class":608},[52,76899,318],{"class":84},[52,76901,7914],{"class":608},[52,76903,318],{"class":84},[52,76905,688],{"class":608},[52,76907,3757],{"class":84},[52,76909,76910,76912,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,76911,4021],{"class":84},[52,76913,76914],{"class":608},"50",[52,76916,318],{"class":84},[52,76918,50967],{"class":608},[52,76920,318],{"class":84},[52,76922,7919],{"class":608},[52,76924,3757],{"class":84},[20,76926,76927,76928,92],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[289,76929,76930],{"href":74926},"how to reverse a list in Python",[412,76932,76934],{"id":76933},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76936,2955],{},[43,76938,76940],{"className":45,"code":76939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76941,76942,76962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76943,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76945,3739],{"class":58},[52,76947,63],{"class":62},[52,76949,3744],{"class":84},[52,76951,3106],{"class":608},[52,76953,318],{"class":84},[52,76955,3111],{"class":608},[52,76957,318],{"class":84},[52,76959,609],{"class":608},[52,76961,3757],{"class":84},[52,76963,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,76965,81],{"class":80},[52,76967,85],{"class":84},[52,76969,3771],{"class":88},[52,76971,74242],{"class":84},[52,76973,2235],{"class":608},[52,76975,4009],{"class":84},[20,76977,76978,76979,76981,76982,76984],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76980,40830],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76983,2235],{}," does not make sense.",[38,76986,76988],{"id":76987},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76990,76991],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[412,76993,76995],{"id":76994},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[43,76997,76999],{"className":45,"code":76998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77000,77001,77025,77029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77002,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77004,3739],{"class":58},[52,77006,63],{"class":62},[52,77008,3744],{"class":84},[52,77010,2448],{"class":608},[52,77012,318],{"class":84},[52,77014,7914],{"class":608},[52,77016,318],{"class":84},[52,77018,7919],{"class":608},[52,77020,318],{"class":84},[52,77022,50967],{"class":608},[52,77024,3757],{"class":84},[52,77026,77027],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77028,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77032,81],{"class":80},[52,77034,85],{"class":84},[52,77036,3771],{"class":88},[52,77038,4021],{"class":84},[52,77040,2172],{"class":608},[52,77042,4009],{"class":84},[20,77044,135],{},[43,77046,77047],{"className":45,"code":69960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77048,77049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77050,77051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77052,69960],{"class":608},[412,77054,77056],{"id":77055},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[43,77058,77060],{"className":45,"code":77059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77061,77062,77086,77090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77063,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77065,3739],{"class":58},[52,77067,63],{"class":62},[52,77069,3744],{"class":84},[52,77071,2448],{"class":608},[52,77073,318],{"class":84},[52,77075,7914],{"class":608},[52,77077,318],{"class":84},[52,77079,7919],{"class":608},[52,77081,318],{"class":84},[52,77083,50967],{"class":608},[52,77085,3757],{"class":84},[52,77087,77088],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77089,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,77091,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104,77106],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77093,81],{"class":80},[52,77095,85],{"class":84},[52,77097,3771],{"class":88},[52,77099,4021],{"class":84},[52,77101,2172],{"class":608},[52,77103,174],{"class":84},[52,77105,627],{"class":608},[52,77107,4009],{"class":84},[20,77109,135],{},[43,77111,77113],{"className":45,"code":77112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30]\n",[15,77114,77115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77116,77117,77119,77121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77118,4021],{"class":84},[52,77120,36967],{"class":608},[52,77122,3757],{"class":84},[20,77124,13887],{},[176,77126,77127,77133],{},[179,77128,77129,77132],{},[15,77130,77131],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[179,77134,77135,77138],{},[15,77136,77137],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77140,77141],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[176,77143,77144,77147],{},[179,77145,77146],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[179,77148,77149],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77151,197],{},[43,77153,77155],{"className":45,"code":77154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77156,77157,77177,77181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77158,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77160,3739],{"class":58},[52,77162,63],{"class":62},[52,77164,3744],{"class":84},[52,77166,2448],{"class":608},[52,77168,318],{"class":84},[52,77170,7914],{"class":608},[52,77172,318],{"class":84},[52,77174,7919],{"class":608},[52,77176,3757],{"class":84},[52,77178,77179],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77180,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,77182,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77184,81],{"class":80},[52,77186,85],{"class":84},[52,77188,3771],{"class":88},[52,77190,4021],{"class":84},[52,77192,2252],{"class":608},[52,77194,174],{"class":84},[52,77196,2448],{"class":608},[52,77198,4009],{"class":84},[20,77200,135],{},[43,77202,77203],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77204,77205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77206,77207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77208,38423],{"class":84},[20,77210,77211],{},"But this would raise an error:",[43,77213,77215],{"className":45,"code":77214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77216,77217,77237,77241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77218,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77220,3739],{"class":58},[52,77222,63],{"class":62},[52,77224,3744],{"class":84},[52,77226,2448],{"class":608},[52,77228,318],{"class":84},[52,77230,7914],{"class":608},[52,77232,318],{"class":84},[52,77234,7919],{"class":608},[52,77236,3757],{"class":84},[52,77238,77239],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77240,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,77242,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77244,81],{"class":80},[52,77246,85],{"class":84},[52,77248,3771],{"class":88},[52,77250,4021],{"class":84},[52,77252,2252],{"class":608},[52,77254,4009],{"class":84},[20,77256,77257,77258,92],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[289,77259,69379],{"href":69378},[38,77261,15301],{"id":77262},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77264,77265],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[176,77267,77268,77272,77274,77277,77283],{},[179,77269,4826,77270,75861],{},[15,77271,75546],{},[179,77273,60814],{},[179,77275,77276],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[179,77278,1632,77279,1635,77281],{},[15,77280,76181],{},[15,77282,73646],{},[179,77284,77285,77286,77288],{},"Using step ",[15,77287,2235],{},", which causes an error",[412,77290,77292],{"id":77291},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[43,77294,77296],{"className":45,"code":77295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77297,77298,77326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77299,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77301,3739],{"class":58},[52,77303,63],{"class":62},[52,77305,3744],{"class":84},[52,77307,2448],{"class":608},[52,77309,318],{"class":84},[52,77311,7914],{"class":608},[52,77313,318],{"class":84},[52,77315,7919],{"class":608},[52,77317,318],{"class":84},[52,77319,50967],{"class":608},[52,77321,318],{"class":84},[52,77323,5204],{"class":608},[52,77325,3757],{"class":84},[52,77327,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77329,81],{"class":80},[52,77331,85],{"class":84},[52,77333,3771],{"class":88},[52,77335,4021],{"class":84},[52,77337,3106],{"class":608},[52,77339,174],{"class":84},[52,77341,2623],{"class":608},[52,77343,4009],{"class":84},[20,77345,77346],{},"This returns:",[43,77348,77350],{"className":45,"code":77349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77351,77352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77353,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77355,4021],{"class":84},[52,77357,15879],{"class":608},[52,77359,318],{"class":84},[52,77361,7919],{"class":608},[52,77363,318],{"class":84},[52,77365,50967],{"class":608},[52,77367,3757],{"class":84},[20,77369,41032,77370,77372,77373,77375,77376,92],{},[3865,77371,4752],{}," include ",[15,77374,76914],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77377,2623],{},[412,77379,77381],{"id":77380},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77383,16769],{},[43,77385,77387],{"className":45,"code":77386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77388,77389,77409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77392,3739],{"class":58},[52,77394,63],{"class":62},[52,77396,3744],{"class":84},[52,77398,2448],{"class":608},[52,77400,318],{"class":84},[52,77402,7914],{"class":608},[52,77404,318],{"class":84},[52,77406,7919],{"class":608},[52,77408,3757],{"class":84},[52,77410,77411],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77412,77413],{"class":1479},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77415,77416],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[43,77418,77420],{"className":45,"code":77419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77421,77422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77423,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77425,81],{"class":80},[52,77427,85],{"class":84},[52,77429,3771],{"class":88},[52,77431,4021],{"class":84},[52,77433,3106],{"class":608},[52,77435,174],{"class":84},[52,77437,627],{"class":608},[52,77439,4009],{"class":84},[412,77441,77443],{"id":77442},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77445,77446],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[43,77448,77450],{"className":45,"code":77449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77451,77452,77476,77490,77494,77504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77453,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77455,3739],{"class":58},[52,77457,63],{"class":62},[52,77459,3744],{"class":84},[52,77461,2448],{"class":608},[52,77463,318],{"class":84},[52,77465,7914],{"class":608},[52,77467,318],{"class":84},[52,77469,7919],{"class":608},[52,77471,318],{"class":84},[52,77473,50967],{"class":608},[52,77475,3757],{"class":84},[52,77477,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77479,75779],{"class":58},[52,77481,63],{"class":62},[52,77483,4384],{"class":58},[52,77485,75655],{"class":84},[52,77487,2172],{"class":608},[52,77489,3757],{"class":84},[52,77491,77492],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77493,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,77497,81],{"class":80},[52,77499,85],{"class":84},[52,77501,75802],{"class":88},[52,77503,329],{"class":84},[52,77505,77506,77508,77510,77512],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,77507,81],{"class":80},[52,77509,85],{"class":84},[52,77511,3771],{"class":88},[52,77513,329],{"class":84},[20,77515,135],{},[43,77517,77519],{"className":45,"code":77518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77520,77521,77533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77522,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77524,4021],{"class":84},[52,77526,2448],{"class":608},[52,77528,318],{"class":84},[52,77530,7914],{"class":608},[52,77532,3757],{"class":84},[52,77534,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77536,4021],{"class":84},[52,77538,2448],{"class":608},[52,77540,318],{"class":84},[52,77542,7914],{"class":608},[52,77544,318],{"class":84},[52,77546,7919],{"class":608},[52,77548,318],{"class":84},[52,77550,50967],{"class":608},[52,77552,3757],{"class":84},[20,77554,77555],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[412,77557,77559,77560,1635,77562],{"id":77558},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77561,76181],{},[15,77563,73646],{},[43,77565,77567],{"className":45,"code":77566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77568,77569,77589,77593,77610,77621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77570,77571,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77572,3739],{"class":58},[52,77574,63],{"class":62},[52,77576,3744],{"class":84},[52,77578,2448],{"class":608},[52,77580,318],{"class":84},[52,77582,7914],{"class":608},[52,77584,318],{"class":84},[52,77586,7919],{"class":608},[52,77588,3757],{"class":84},[52,77590,77591],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77592,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,77594,77595,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77596,77597],{"class":58},"reversed_copy ",[52,77599,63],{"class":62},[52,77601,4384],{"class":58},[52,77603,74242],{"class":84},[52,77605,2137],{"class":62},[52,77607,3106],{"class":608},[52,77609,3757],{"class":84},[52,77611,77612,77614,77616,77619],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,77613,81],{"class":80},[52,77615,85],{"class":84},[52,77617,77618],{"class":88},"reversed_copy",[52,77620,329],{"class":84},[52,77622,77623,77625,77627,77629],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,77624,81],{"class":80},[52,77626,85],{"class":84},[52,77628,3771],{"class":88},[52,77630,329],{"class":84},[20,77632,135],{},[43,77634,77636],{"className":45,"code":77635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77637,77638,77654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77639,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77641,4021],{"class":84},[52,77643,36967],{"class":608},[52,77645,318],{"class":84},[52,77647,7914],{"class":608},[52,77649,318],{"class":84},[52,77651,688],{"class":608},[52,77653,3757],{"class":84},[52,77655,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77657,4021],{"class":84},[52,77659,2448],{"class":608},[52,77661,318],{"class":84},[52,77663,7914],{"class":608},[52,77665,318],{"class":84},[52,77667,7919],{"class":608},[52,77669,3757],{"class":84},[20,77671,77672,77675],{},[15,77673,77674],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77677,77678,77679,77682],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77680,77681],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[412,77684,77686],{"id":77685},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77688,77689],{},"This is not allowed:",[43,77691,77693],{"className":45,"code":77692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77694,77695,77715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77696,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77698,3739],{"class":58},[52,77700,63],{"class":62},[52,77702,3744],{"class":84},[52,77704,2448],{"class":608},[52,77706,318],{"class":84},[52,77708,7914],{"class":608},[52,77710,318],{"class":84},[52,77712,7919],{"class":608},[52,77714,3757],{"class":84},[52,77716,77717],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77718,77719],{"class":1479},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77721,77722,77723,92],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77724,40830],{},[38,77726,77728],{"id":77727},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77730,77731],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[176,77733,77734,77741,77747,77750,77753],{},[179,77735,1632,77736,342,77738,77740],{},[15,77737,341],{},[15,77739,75546],{}," positions",[179,77742,77743,77744,77746],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77745,75546],{}," index is included",[179,77748,77749],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[179,77751,77752],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[179,77754,77755],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77757,77758],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[43,77760,77762],{"className":45,"code":77761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77763,77764,77774,77788,77806,77820,77837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77765,77766,77768,77770,77772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77767,81],{"class":80},[52,77769,85],{"class":84},[52,77771,8463],{"class":88},[52,77773,329],{"class":84},[52,77775,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,77777,81],{"class":80},[52,77779,85],{"class":84},[52,77781,11284],{"class":80},[52,77783,85],{"class":84},[52,77785,8463],{"class":88},[52,77787,108],{"class":84},[52,77789,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,77791,81],{"class":80},[52,77793,85],{"class":84},[52,77795,8463],{"class":88},[52,77797,4021],{"class":84},[52,77799,3106],{"class":608},[52,77801,174],{"class":84},[52,77803,2623],{"class":608},[52,77805,4009],{"class":84},[52,77807,77808,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,77809,81],{"class":80},[52,77811,85],{"class":84},[52,77813,8463],{"class":88},[52,77815,75655],{"class":84},[52,77817,627],{"class":608},[52,77819,4009],{"class":84},[52,77821,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,77823,81],{"class":80},[52,77825,85],{"class":84},[52,77827,8463],{"class":88},[52,77829,4021],{"class":84},[52,77831,2137],{"class":62},[52,77833,627],{"class":608},[52,77835,77836],{"class":84},":])\n",[52,77838,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,77840,81],{"class":80},[52,77842,85],{"class":84},[52,77844,8463],{"class":88},[52,77846,74242],{"class":84},[52,77848,2137],{"class":62},[52,77850,3106],{"class":608},[52,77852,4009],{"class":84},[20,77854,1828,77855,77857,77858,77862],{},[15,77856,42486],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[289,77859,77861],{"href":77860},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[38,77864,1940],{"id":1939},[412,77866,77868],{"id":77867},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77870,77871],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[412,77873,77875],{"id":77874},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77877,77878],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[412,77880,5266,77882,40086],{"id":77881},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77883,76181],{},[20,77885,77886],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[412,77888,77890,77891,1993],{"id":77889},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77892,70851],{},[20,77894,77895],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[38,77897,2005],{"id":2004},[176,77899,77900,77905,77910,77914,77918,77922],{},[179,77901,77902],{},[289,77903,77904],{"href":51102},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[179,77906,77907],{},[289,77908,77909],{"href":57276},"How to create a list in Python",[179,77911,77912],{},[289,77913,15089],{"href":57342},[179,77915,77916],{},[289,77917,74927],{"href":74926},[179,77919,77920],{},[289,77921,77861],{"href":77860},[179,77923,77924],{},[289,77925,69379],{"href":69378},[20,77927,77928,77929,77931],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77930,42486],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2035,77933,77934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":77936},[77937,77938,77939,77940,77941,77942,77945,77949,77957,77958,77966],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":75710,"depth":77,"text":75711},{"id":75873,"depth":77,"text":75874},{"id":76135,"depth":77,"text":76136},{"id":76429,"depth":77,"text":76430},{"id":76675,"depth":77,"text":76676,"children":77943},[77944],{"id":76933,"depth":111,"text":76934},{"id":76987,"depth":77,"text":76988,"children":77946},[77947,77948],{"id":76994,"depth":111,"text":76995},{"id":77055,"depth":111,"text":77056},{"id":77262,"depth":77,"text":15301,"children":77950},[77951,77952,77953,77954,77956],{"id":77291,"depth":111,"text":77292},{"id":77380,"depth":111,"text":77381},{"id":77442,"depth":111,"text":77443},{"id":77558,"depth":111,"text":77955},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77685,"depth":111,"text":77686},{"id":77727,"depth":77,"text":77728},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":77959},[77960,77961,77962,77964],{"id":77867,"depth":111,"text":77868},{"id":77874,"depth":111,"text":77875},{"id":77881,"depth":111,"text":77963},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77889,"depth":111,"text":77965},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75533,"description":77967},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77974,"title":77975,"body":77976,"description":80045,"extension":2078,"meta":80046,"navigation":221,"path":80047,"seo":80048,"stem":80049,"__hash__":80050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77977,"toc":80011},[77978,77983,77989,77995,77997,78044,78051,78056,78060,78075,78078,78131,78133,78158,78163,78165,78197,78200,78216,78218,78279,78281,78306,78310,78315,78368,78370,78395,78400,78461,78463,78488,78491,78498,78502,78505,78566,78568,78601,78604,78665,78667,78700,78706,78779,78781,78813,78820,78825,78830,78832,78844,78847,78925,78927,78968,78971,79045,79047,79080,79085,79092,79099,79103,79112,79116,79124,79126,79193,79195,79231,79236,79247,79249,79254,79259,79261,79324,79326,79351,79358,79363,79367,79370,79410,79415,79421,79426,79428,79455,79460,79463,79510,79512,79569,79576,79581,79587,79656,79660,79663,79726,79728,79761,79766,79768,79771,79852,79854,79878,79884,79886,79891,79895,79902,79910,79914,79916,79939,79943,79945,79972,79975,79982,79985,79987,80008],[10,77979,54464,77981,18],{"id":77980},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77982,64433],{},[20,77984,77985,77988],{},[15,77986,77987],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77990,77991,77992,77994],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77993,64433],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[38,77996,41],{"id":40},[43,77998,78000],{"className":45,"code":77999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78001,78002,78022,78032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78003,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78005,3739],{"class":58},[52,78007,63],{"class":62},[52,78009,3744],{"class":84},[52,78011,627],{"class":608},[52,78013,318],{"class":84},[52,78015,5621],{"class":608},[52,78017,318],{"class":84},[52,78019,3111],{"class":608},[52,78021,3757],{"class":84},[52,78023,78024,78026,78028,78030],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78025,3771],{"class":58},[52,78027,92],{"class":84},[52,78029,34924],{"class":88},[52,78031,8763],{"class":84},[52,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78035,81],{"class":80},[52,78037,85],{"class":84},[52,78039,3771],{"class":88},[52,78041,3784],{"class":84},[52,78043,55054],{"class":1479},[20,78045,154,78046,78048,78049,92],{},[15,78047,77987],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78050,3901],{},[38,78052,166,78054,169],{"id":78053},"what-listsort-does",[15,78055,77987],{},[20,78057,78058,174],{},[15,78059,77987],{},[176,78061,78062,78065,78068,78072],{},[179,78063,78064],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[179,78066,78067],{},"Changes the original list",[179,78069,184,78070],{},[15,78071,3901],{},[179,78073,78074],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78076,78077],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[43,78079,78081],{"className":45,"code":78080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78082,78083,78107,78117,78121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78084,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78086,3739],{"class":58},[52,78088,63],{"class":62},[52,78090,3744],{"class":84},[52,78092,2252],{"class":608},[52,78094,318],{"class":84},[52,78096,3111],{"class":608},[52,78098,318],{"class":84},[52,78100,54258],{"class":608},[52,78102,318],{"class":84},[52,78104,5621],{"class":608},[52,78106,3757],{"class":84},[52,78108,78109,78111,78113,78115],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78110,3771],{"class":58},[52,78112,92],{"class":84},[52,78114,34924],{"class":88},[52,78116,8763],{"class":84},[52,78118,78119],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78120,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78122,78123,78125,78127,78129],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78124,81],{"class":80},[52,78126,85],{"class":84},[52,78128,3771],{"class":88},[52,78130,329],{"class":84},[20,78132,135],{},[43,78134,78136],{"className":45,"code":78135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78137,78138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78139,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78141,4021],{"class":84},[52,78143,3106],{"class":608},[52,78145,318],{"class":84},[52,78147,3111],{"class":608},[52,78149,318],{"class":84},[52,78151,4726],{"class":608},[52,78153,318],{"class":84},[52,78155,54258],{"class":608},[52,78157,3757],{"class":84},[20,78159,78160,78161,92],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[289,78162,67197],{"href":51102},[38,78164,296],{"id":295},[43,78166,78168],{"className":45,"code":78167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78169,78170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78171,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78191,78193,78195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78173,8463],{"class":58},[52,78175,92],{"class":84},[52,78177,34924],{"class":88},[52,78179,85],{"class":84},[52,78181,14966],{"class":9296},[52,78183,63],{"class":62},[52,78185,3901],{"class":145},[52,78187,318],{"class":84},[52,78189,78190],{"class":9296}," reverse",[52,78192,63],{"class":62},[52,78194,35],{"class":145},[52,78196,329],{"class":84},[20,78198,78199],{},"Main arguments:",[176,78201,78202,78207,78213],{},[179,78203,78204,78206],{},[15,78205,14966],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[179,78208,78209,78212],{},[15,78210,78211],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[179,78214,78215],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78217,197],{},[43,78219,78221],{"className":45,"code":78220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78222,78223,78247,78265,78269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78224,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78226,3739],{"class":58},[52,78228,63],{"class":62},[52,78230,3744],{"class":84},[52,78232,2623],{"class":608},[52,78234,318],{"class":84},[52,78236,5621],{"class":608},[52,78238,318],{"class":84},[52,78240,6117],{"class":608},[52,78242,318],{"class":84},[52,78244,3111],{"class":608},[52,78246,3757],{"class":84},[52,78248,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78250,3771],{"class":58},[52,78252,92],{"class":84},[52,78254,34924],{"class":88},[52,78256,85],{"class":84},[52,78258,73697],{"class":9296},[52,78260,63],{"class":62},[52,78262,31],{"class":145},[52,78264,329],{"class":84},[52,78266,78267],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78268,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78270,78271,78273,78275,78277],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78272,81],{"class":80},[52,78274,85],{"class":84},[52,78276,3771],{"class":88},[52,78278,329],{"class":84},[20,78280,135],{},[43,78282,78284],{"className":45,"code":78283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78285,78286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78287,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78289,4021],{"class":84},[52,78291,2140],{"class":608},[52,78293,318],{"class":84},[52,78295,2575],{"class":608},[52,78297,318],{"class":84},[52,78299,3111],{"class":608},[52,78301,318],{"class":84},[52,78303,5621],{"class":608},[52,78305,3757],{"class":84},[38,78307,78309],{"id":78308},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78311,154,78312,78314],{},[15,78313,64433],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[43,78316,78318],{"className":45,"code":78317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78319,78320,78344,78354,78358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78321,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78323,3739],{"class":58},[52,78325,63],{"class":62},[52,78327,3744],{"class":84},[52,78329,2448],{"class":608},[52,78331,318],{"class":84},[52,78333,609],{"class":608},[52,78335,318],{"class":84},[52,78337,6483],{"class":608},[52,78339,318],{"class":84},[52,78341,5621],{"class":608},[52,78343,3757],{"class":84},[52,78345,78346,78348,78350,78352],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78347,3771],{"class":58},[52,78349,92],{"class":84},[52,78351,34924],{"class":88},[52,78353,8763],{"class":84},[52,78355,78356],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78357,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78359,78360,78362,78364,78366],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78361,81],{"class":80},[52,78363,85],{"class":84},[52,78365,3771],{"class":88},[52,78367,329],{"class":84},[20,78369,135],{},[43,78371,78373],{"className":45,"code":78372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78374,78375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78376,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387,78389,78391,78393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78378,4021],{"class":84},[52,78380,3106],{"class":608},[52,78382,318],{"class":84},[52,78384,609],{"class":608},[52,78386,318],{"class":84},[52,78388,6483],{"class":608},[52,78390,318],{"class":84},[52,78392,688],{"class":608},[52,78394,3757],{"class":84},[20,78396,154,78397,78399],{},[15,78398,78211],{}," for descending order:",[43,78401,78403],{"className":45,"code":78402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78404,78405,78429,78447,78451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78406,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78408,3739],{"class":58},[52,78410,63],{"class":62},[52,78412,3744],{"class":84},[52,78414,2448],{"class":608},[52,78416,318],{"class":84},[52,78418,609],{"class":608},[52,78420,318],{"class":84},[52,78422,6483],{"class":608},[52,78424,318],{"class":84},[52,78426,5621],{"class":608},[52,78428,3757],{"class":84},[52,78430,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78432,3771],{"class":58},[52,78434,92],{"class":84},[52,78436,34924],{"class":88},[52,78438,85],{"class":84},[52,78440,73697],{"class":9296},[52,78442,63],{"class":62},[52,78444,31],{"class":145},[52,78446,329],{"class":84},[52,78448,78449],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78450,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78452,78453,78455,78457,78459],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78454,81],{"class":80},[52,78456,85],{"class":84},[52,78458,3771],{"class":88},[52,78460,329],{"class":84},[20,78462,135],{},[43,78464,78466],{"className":45,"code":78465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78467,78468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78471,4021],{"class":84},[52,78473,2448],{"class":608},[52,78475,318],{"class":84},[52,78477,6483],{"class":608},[52,78479,318],{"class":84},[52,78481,609],{"class":608},[52,78483,318],{"class":84},[52,78485,5621],{"class":608},[52,78487,3757],{"class":84},[20,78489,78490],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78492,78493,78494,92],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[289,78495,78497],{"href":78496},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[38,78499,78501],{"id":78500},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78503,78504],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[43,78506,78508],{"className":45,"code":78507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78509,78510,78542,78552,78556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78511,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78513,4190],{"class":58},[52,78515,63],{"class":62},[52,78517,3744],{"class":84},[52,78519,100],{"class":66},[52,78521,4208],{"class":70},[52,78523,100],{"class":66},[52,78525,318],{"class":84},[52,78527,67],{"class":66},[52,78529,4199],{"class":70},[52,78531,100],{"class":66},[52,78533,318],{"class":84},[52,78535,67],{"class":66},[52,78537,4217],{"class":70},[52,78539,100],{"class":66},[52,78541,3757],{"class":84},[52,78543,78544,78546,78548,78550],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78545,4234],{"class":58},[52,78547,92],{"class":84},[52,78549,34924],{"class":88},[52,78551,8763],{"class":84},[52,78553,78554],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78555,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78557,78558,78560,78562,78564],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78559,81],{"class":80},[52,78561,85],{"class":84},[52,78563,4234],{"class":88},[52,78565,329],{"class":84},[20,78567,135],{},[43,78569,78571],{"className":45,"code":78570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78572,78573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597,78599],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78576,4021],{"class":84},[52,78578,1888],{"class":66},[52,78580,4199],{"class":70},[52,78582,1888],{"class":66},[52,78584,318],{"class":84},[52,78586,3416],{"class":66},[52,78588,4208],{"class":70},[52,78590,1888],{"class":66},[52,78592,318],{"class":84},[52,78594,3416],{"class":66},[52,78596,4217],{"class":70},[52,78598,1888],{"class":66},[52,78600,3757],{"class":84},[20,78602,78603],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[43,78605,78607],{"className":45,"code":78606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78608,78609,78641,78651,78655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78610,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78612,4190],{"class":58},[52,78614,63],{"class":62},[52,78616,3744],{"class":84},[52,78618,100],{"class":66},[52,78620,4208],{"class":70},[52,78622,100],{"class":66},[52,78624,318],{"class":84},[52,78626,67],{"class":66},[52,78628,57891],{"class":70},[52,78630,100],{"class":66},[52,78632,318],{"class":84},[52,78634,67],{"class":66},[52,78636,4217],{"class":70},[52,78638,100],{"class":66},[52,78640,3757],{"class":84},[52,78642,78643,78645,78647,78649],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78644,4234],{"class":58},[52,78646,92],{"class":84},[52,78648,34924],{"class":88},[52,78650,8763],{"class":84},[52,78652,78653],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78654,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78656,78657,78659,78661,78663],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78658,81],{"class":80},[52,78660,85],{"class":84},[52,78662,4234],{"class":88},[52,78664,329],{"class":84},[20,78666,135],{},[43,78668,78670],{"className":45,"code":78669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78671,78672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78675,4021],{"class":84},[52,78677,1888],{"class":66},[52,78679,57891],{"class":70},[52,78681,1888],{"class":66},[52,78683,318],{"class":84},[52,78685,3416],{"class":66},[52,78687,4208],{"class":70},[52,78689,1888],{"class":66},[52,78691,318],{"class":84},[52,78693,3416],{"class":66},[52,78695,4217],{"class":70},[52,78697,1888],{"class":66},[52,78699,3757],{"class":84},[20,78701,78702,78703,174],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78704,78705],{},"key=str.lower",[43,78707,78709],{"className":45,"code":78708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78710,78711,78743,78765,78769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78712,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78714,4190],{"class":58},[52,78716,63],{"class":62},[52,78718,3744],{"class":84},[52,78720,100],{"class":66},[52,78722,4208],{"class":70},[52,78724,100],{"class":66},[52,78726,318],{"class":84},[52,78728,67],{"class":66},[52,78730,57891],{"class":70},[52,78732,100],{"class":66},[52,78734,318],{"class":84},[52,78736,67],{"class":66},[52,78738,4217],{"class":70},[52,78740,100],{"class":66},[52,78742,3757],{"class":84},[52,78744,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78746,4234],{"class":58},[52,78748,92],{"class":84},[52,78750,34924],{"class":88},[52,78752,85],{"class":84},[52,78754,14966],{"class":9296},[52,78756,63],{"class":62},[52,78758,3563],{"class":1929},[52,78760,92],{"class":84},[52,78762,1238],{"class":1803},[52,78764,329],{"class":84},[52,78766,78767],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78768,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78770,78771,78773,78775,78777],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78772,81],{"class":80},[52,78774,85],{"class":84},[52,78776,4234],{"class":88},[52,78778,329],{"class":84},[20,78780,135],{},[43,78782,78783],{"className":45,"code":78669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,78784,78785],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78786,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78788,4021],{"class":84},[52,78790,1888],{"class":66},[52,78792,57891],{"class":70},[52,78794,1888],{"class":66},[52,78796,318],{"class":84},[52,78798,3416],{"class":66},[52,78800,4208],{"class":70},[52,78802,1888],{"class":66},[52,78804,318],{"class":84},[52,78806,3416],{"class":66},[52,78808,4217],{"class":70},[52,78810,1888],{"class":66},[52,78812,3757],{"class":84},[20,78814,78815,78816,78819],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78817,78818],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[38,78821,36738,78823,36741],{"id":78822},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78824,14966],{},[20,78826,2095,78827,78829],{},[15,78828,14966],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78831,7466],{},[176,78833,78834,78839],{},[179,78835,78836,78838],{},[15,78837,11284],{}," to sort by length",[179,78840,78841,78843],{},[15,78842,78818],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78845,78846],{},"Sort words by length:",[43,78848,78850],{"className":45,"code":78849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78851,78852,78893,78911,78915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78853,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78855,4190],{"class":58},[52,78857,63],{"class":62},[52,78859,3744],{"class":84},[52,78861,100],{"class":66},[52,78863,78864],{"class":70},"pear",[52,78866,100],{"class":66},[52,78868,318],{"class":84},[52,78870,67],{"class":66},[52,78872,4208],{"class":70},[52,78874,100],{"class":66},[52,78876,318],{"class":84},[52,78878,67],{"class":66},[52,78880,38484],{"class":70},[52,78882,100],{"class":66},[52,78884,318],{"class":84},[52,78886,67],{"class":66},[52,78888,4199],{"class":70},[52,78890,100],{"class":66},[52,78892,3757],{"class":84},[52,78894,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,78896,4234],{"class":58},[52,78898,92],{"class":84},[52,78900,34924],{"class":88},[52,78902,85],{"class":84},[52,78904,14966],{"class":9296},[52,78906,63],{"class":62},[52,78908,11284],{"class":80},[52,78910,329],{"class":84},[52,78912,78913],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,78914,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,78916,78917,78919,78921,78923],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,78918,81],{"class":80},[52,78920,85],{"class":84},[52,78922,4234],{"class":88},[52,78924,329],{"class":84},[20,78926,135],{},[43,78928,78930],{"className":45,"code":78929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78931,78932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78933,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78935,4021],{"class":84},[52,78937,1888],{"class":66},[52,78939,38484],{"class":70},[52,78941,1888],{"class":66},[52,78943,318],{"class":84},[52,78945,3416],{"class":66},[52,78947,78864],{"class":70},[52,78949,1888],{"class":66},[52,78951,318],{"class":84},[52,78953,3416],{"class":66},[52,78955,4199],{"class":70},[52,78957,1888],{"class":66},[52,78959,318],{"class":84},[52,78961,3416],{"class":66},[52,78963,4208],{"class":70},[52,78965,1888],{"class":66},[52,78967,3757],{"class":84},[20,78969,78970],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[43,78972,78974],{"className":45,"code":78973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78975,78976,79009,79031,79035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78977,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79005,79007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78979,4190],{"class":58},[52,78981,63],{"class":62},[52,78983,3744],{"class":84},[52,78985,100],{"class":66},[52,78987,5136],{"class":70},[52,78989,100],{"class":66},[52,78991,318],{"class":84},[52,78993,67],{"class":66},[52,78995,17928],{"class":70},[52,78997,100],{"class":66},[52,78999,318],{"class":84},[52,79001,67],{"class":66},[52,79003,79004],{"class":70},"Carol",[52,79006,100],{"class":66},[52,79008,3757],{"class":84},[52,79010,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79012,4234],{"class":58},[52,79014,92],{"class":84},[52,79016,34924],{"class":88},[52,79018,85],{"class":84},[52,79020,14966],{"class":9296},[52,79022,63],{"class":62},[52,79024,3563],{"class":1929},[52,79026,92],{"class":84},[52,79028,1238],{"class":1803},[52,79030,329],{"class":84},[52,79032,79033],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79034,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79036,79037,79039,79041,79043],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79038,81],{"class":80},[52,79040,85],{"class":84},[52,79042,4234],{"class":88},[52,79044,329],{"class":84},[20,79046,135],{},[43,79048,79050],{"className":45,"code":79049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79051,79052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79053,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79055,4021],{"class":84},[52,79057,1888],{"class":66},[52,79059,17928],{"class":70},[52,79061,1888],{"class":66},[52,79063,318],{"class":84},[52,79065,3416],{"class":66},[52,79067,5136],{"class":70},[52,79069,1888],{"class":66},[52,79071,318],{"class":84},[52,79073,3416],{"class":66},[52,79075,79004],{"class":70},[52,79077,1888],{"class":66},[52,79079,3757],{"class":84},[20,79081,2095,79082,79084],{},[15,79083,14966],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[38,79086,79088,10707,79090],{"id":79087},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79089,77987],{},[15,79091,74544],{},[20,79093,79094,342,79096,79098],{},[15,79095,77987],{},[15,79097,74544],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79100,79101,174],{},[15,79102,77987],{},[176,79104,79105,79108],{},[179,79106,79107],{},"Changes the existing list",[179,79109,184,79110],{},[15,79111,3901],{},[20,79113,79114,174],{},[15,79115,74544],{},[176,79117,79118,79121],{},[179,79119,79120],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[179,79122,79123],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79125,197],{},[43,79127,79129],{"className":45,"code":79128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79130,79131,79151,79155,79169,79173,79183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79132,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79134,3739],{"class":58},[52,79136,63],{"class":62},[52,79138,3744],{"class":84},[52,79140,627],{"class":608},[52,79142,318],{"class":84},[52,79144,5621],{"class":608},[52,79146,318],{"class":84},[52,79148,3111],{"class":608},[52,79150,3757],{"class":84},[52,79152,79153],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79154,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79156,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79158,56012],{"class":58},[52,79160,63],{"class":62},[52,79162,74678],{"class":80},[52,79164,85],{"class":84},[52,79166,3771],{"class":88},[52,79168,329],{"class":84},[52,79170,79171],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79172,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79174,79175,79177,79179,79181],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,79176,81],{"class":80},[52,79178,85],{"class":84},[52,79180,3771],{"class":88},[52,79182,329],{"class":84},[52,79184,79185,79187,79189,79191],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,79186,81],{"class":80},[52,79188,85],{"class":84},[52,79190,74401],{"class":88},[52,79192,329],{"class":84},[20,79194,135],{},[43,79196,79197],{"className":45,"code":74713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,79198,79199,79215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79202,4021],{"class":84},[52,79204,627],{"class":608},[52,79206,318],{"class":84},[52,79208,5621],{"class":608},[52,79210,318],{"class":84},[52,79212,3111],{"class":608},[52,79214,3757],{"class":84},[52,79216,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79218,4021],{"class":84},[52,79220,3106],{"class":608},[52,79222,318],{"class":84},[52,79224,3111],{"class":608},[52,79226,318],{"class":84},[52,79228,609],{"class":608},[52,79230,3757],{"class":84},[20,79232,154,79233,79235],{},[15,79234,74544],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79237,79238,79239,342,79243,92],{},"You can learn more in ",[289,79240,3696,79241,5906],{"href":74641},[15,79242,74544],{},[289,79244,79246],{"href":79245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[38,79248,1445],{"id":1444},[20,79250,79251,79252,92],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79253,77987],{},[412,79255,12717,79257],{"id":79256},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79258,64433],{},[20,79260,25816],{},[43,79262,79264],{"className":45,"code":79263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79265,79266,79286,79300,79304,79314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79267,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79269,3739],{"class":58},[52,79271,63],{"class":62},[52,79273,3744],{"class":84},[52,79275,627],{"class":608},[52,79277,318],{"class":84},[52,79279,5621],{"class":608},[52,79281,318],{"class":84},[52,79283,3111],{"class":608},[52,79285,3757],{"class":84},[52,79287,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79289,2346],{"class":58},[52,79291,63],{"class":62},[52,79293,4384],{"class":58},[52,79295,92],{"class":84},[52,79297,34924],{"class":88},[52,79299,8763],{"class":84},[52,79301,79302],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79303,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79305,79306,79308,79310,79312],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79307,81],{"class":80},[52,79309,85],{"class":84},[52,79311,2381],{"class":88},[52,79313,329],{"class":84},[52,79315,79316,79318,79320,79322],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,79317,81],{"class":80},[52,79319,85],{"class":84},[52,79321,3771],{"class":88},[52,79323,329],{"class":84},[20,79325,135],{},[43,79327,79329],{"className":45,"code":79328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79330,79331,79335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79332,79333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79334,11931],{"class":145},[52,79336,79337,79339,79341,79343,79345,79347,79349],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79338,4021],{"class":84},[52,79340,3106],{"class":608},[52,79342,318],{"class":84},[52,79344,3111],{"class":608},[52,79346,318],{"class":84},[52,79348,609],{"class":608},[52,79350,3757],{"class":84},[20,79352,79353,79355,79356,92],{},[15,79354,64433],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79357,3901],{},[20,79359,79360,79361,6755],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79362,74544],{},[412,79364,79366],{"id":79365},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79368,79369],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[43,79371,79373],{"className":45,"code":79372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79374,79375,79400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79376,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79392,79394,79396,79398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79378,7903],{"class":58},[52,79380,63],{"class":62},[52,79382,3744],{"class":84},[52,79384,3106],{"class":608},[52,79386,318],{"class":84},[52,79388,67],{"class":66},[52,79390,79391],{"class":70},"two",[52,79393,100],{"class":66},[52,79395,318],{"class":84},[52,79397,609],{"class":608},[52,79399,3757],{"class":84},[52,79401,79402,79404,79406,79408],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79403,7934],{"class":58},[52,79405,92],{"class":84},[52,79407,34924],{"class":88},[52,79409,8763],{"class":84},[20,79411,3121,79412,79414],{},[15,79413,3124],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[412,79416,4826,79418,79420],{"id":79417},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79419,64433],{}," only works on lists",[20,79422,79423,79425],{},[15,79424,64433],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79427,16769],{},[43,79429,79431],{"className":45,"code":79430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79432,79433,79445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79434,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79436,207],{"class":58},[52,79438,63],{"class":62},[52,79440,67],{"class":66},[52,79442,47],{"class":70},[52,79444,74],{"class":66},[52,79446,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79448,231],{"class":58},[52,79450,92],{"class":84},[52,79452,34924],{"class":88},[52,79454,8763],{"class":84},[20,79456,79457,79458,33727],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79459,64433],{},[20,79461,79462],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[43,79464,79466],{"className":45,"code":79465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79467,79468,79486,79496,79500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79469,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79471,36215],{"class":58},[52,79473,63],{"class":62},[52,79475,22686],{"class":1929},[52,79477,85],{"class":84},[52,79479,100],{"class":66},[52,79481,47],{"class":70},[52,79483,100],{"class":66},[52,79485,329],{"class":84},[52,79487,79488,79490,79492,79494],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79489,36268],{"class":58},[52,79491,92],{"class":84},[52,79493,34924],{"class":88},[52,79495,8763],{"class":84},[52,79497,79498],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79499,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79501,79502,79504,79506,79508],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79503,81],{"class":80},[52,79505,85],{"class":84},[52,79507,36268],{"class":88},[52,79509,329],{"class":84},[20,79511,135],{},[43,79513,79515],{"className":45,"code":79514,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79516,79517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79520,4021],{"class":84},[52,79522,1888],{"class":66},[52,79524,60561],{"class":70},[52,79526,1888],{"class":66},[52,79528,318],{"class":84},[52,79530,3416],{"class":66},[52,79532,76150],{"class":70},[52,79534,1888],{"class":66},[52,79536,318],{"class":84},[52,79538,3416],{"class":66},[52,79540,60596],{"class":70},[52,79542,1888],{"class":66},[52,79544,318],{"class":84},[52,79546,3416],{"class":66},[52,79548,20],{"class":70},[52,79550,1888],{"class":66},[52,79552,318],{"class":84},[52,79554,3416],{"class":66},[52,79556,63408],{"class":70},[52,79558,1888],{"class":66},[52,79560,318],{"class":84},[52,79562,3416],{"class":66},[52,79564,11868],{"class":70},[52,79566,1888],{"class":66},[52,79568,3757],{"class":84},[412,79570,79572,79573,79575],{"id":79571},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79574,14966],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79577,79578,79579,92],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79580,14966],{},[20,79582,79583,79584,79586],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79585,64433],{}," will not do that:",[43,79588,79590],{"className":45,"code":79589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79591,79592,79624,79642,79646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79593,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79595,4190],{"class":58},[52,79597,63],{"class":62},[52,79599,3744],{"class":84},[52,79601,100],{"class":66},[52,79603,4208],{"class":70},[52,79605,100],{"class":66},[52,79607,318],{"class":84},[52,79609,67],{"class":66},[52,79611,38484],{"class":70},[52,79613,100],{"class":66},[52,79615,318],{"class":84},[52,79617,67],{"class":66},[52,79619,4199],{"class":70},[52,79621,100],{"class":66},[52,79623,3757],{"class":84},[52,79625,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79627,4234],{"class":58},[52,79629,92],{"class":84},[52,79631,34924],{"class":88},[52,79633,85],{"class":84},[52,79635,14966],{"class":9296},[52,79637,63],{"class":62},[52,79639,11284],{"class":80},[52,79641,329],{"class":84},[52,79643,79644],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79645,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79647,79648,79650,79652,79654],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79649,81],{"class":80},[52,79651,85],{"class":84},[52,79653,4234],{"class":88},[52,79655,329],{"class":84},[412,79657,79659],{"id":79658},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79661,79662],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[43,79664,79666],{"className":45,"code":79665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79667,79668,79702,79712,79716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79669,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691,79693,79695,79698,79700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79671,4190],{"class":58},[52,79673,63],{"class":62},[52,79675,3744],{"class":84},[52,79677,100],{"class":66},[52,79679,79680],{"class":70},"zebra",[52,79682,100],{"class":66},[52,79684,318],{"class":84},[52,79686,67],{"class":66},[52,79688,57891],{"class":70},[52,79690,100],{"class":66},[52,79692,318],{"class":84},[52,79694,67],{"class":66},[52,79696,79697],{"class":70},"monkey",[52,79699,100],{"class":66},[52,79701,3757],{"class":84},[52,79703,79704,79706,79708,79710],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79705,4234],{"class":58},[52,79707,92],{"class":84},[52,79709,34924],{"class":88},[52,79711,8763],{"class":84},[52,79713,79714],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79715,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,79717,79718,79720,79722,79724],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79719,81],{"class":80},[52,79721,85],{"class":84},[52,79723,4234],{"class":88},[52,79725,329],{"class":84},[20,79727,135],{},[43,79729,79731],{"className":45,"code":79730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79732,79733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79734,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79736,4021],{"class":84},[52,79738,1888],{"class":66},[52,79740,57891],{"class":70},[52,79742,1888],{"class":66},[52,79744,318],{"class":84},[52,79746,3416],{"class":66},[52,79748,79697],{"class":70},[52,79750,1888],{"class":66},[52,79752,318],{"class":84},[52,79754,3416],{"class":66},[52,79756,79680],{"class":70},[52,79758,1888],{"class":66},[52,79760,3757],{"class":84},[20,79762,154,79763,79765],{},[15,79764,78705],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[412,79767,60832],{"id":60831},[20,79769,79770],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,79772,79774],{"className":45,"code":79773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79775,79776,79786,79800,79814,79828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79777,79778,79780,79782,79784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79779,81],{"class":80},[52,79781,85],{"class":84},[52,79783,8463],{"class":88},[52,79785,329],{"class":84},[52,79787,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,79789,81],{"class":80},[52,79791,85],{"class":84},[52,79793,1930],{"class":1929},[52,79795,85],{"class":84},[52,79797,8463],{"class":88},[52,79799,108],{"class":84},[52,79801,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,79803,81],{"class":80},[52,79805,85],{"class":84},[52,79807,8463],{"class":88},[52,79809,92],{"class":84},[52,79811,34924],{"class":88},[52,79813,7317],{"class":84},[52,79815,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,79817,81],{"class":80},[52,79819,85],{"class":84},[52,79821,74634],{"class":80},[52,79823,85],{"class":84},[52,79825,8463],{"class":88},[52,79827,108],{"class":84},[52,79829,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,79831,81],{"class":80},[52,79833,3103],{"class":84},[52,79835,1930],{"class":1929},[52,79837,85],{"class":84},[52,79839,23437],{"class":88},[52,79841,3784],{"class":84},[52,79843,3998],{"class":761},[52,79845,6084],{"class":88},[52,79847,1638],{"class":761},[52,79849,8519],{"class":88},[52,79851,4009],{"class":84},[20,79853,11293],{},[176,79855,79856,79859,79862,79869,79875],{},[179,79857,79858],{},"What values are in the list",[179,79860,79861],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[179,79863,79864,79865,2515,79867],{},"That ",[15,79866,64433],{},[15,79868,3901],{},[179,79870,79871,79872,79874],{},"Whether ",[15,79873,74544],{}," works better for your case",[179,79876,79877],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79879,79880,79881,79883],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79882,3124],{}," problems.",[38,79885,1940],{"id":1939},[412,79887,1944,79889,55591],{"id":79888},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79890,77987],{},[20,79892,62724,79893,92],{},[15,79894,3901],{},[412,79896,1987,79898,342,79900,1993],{"id":79897},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79899,64433],{},[15,79901,74544],{},[20,79903,79904,79906,79907,79909],{},[15,79905,64433],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79908,74544],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[412,79911,79913],{"id":79912},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79915,18820],{},[43,79917,79919],{"className":45,"code":79918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79920,79921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79922,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79924,8463],{"class":58},[52,79926,92],{"class":84},[52,79928,34924],{"class":88},[52,79930,85],{"class":84},[52,79932,73697],{"class":9296},[52,79934,63],{"class":62},[52,79936,31],{"class":145},[52,79938,329],{"class":84},[412,79940,79942],{"id":79941},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79944,18820],{},[43,79946,79948],{"className":45,"code":79947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79949,79950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79951,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79953,8463],{"class":58},[52,79955,92],{"class":84},[52,79957,34924],{"class":88},[52,79959,85],{"class":84},[52,79961,14966],{"class":9296},[52,79963,63],{"class":62},[52,79965,3563],{"class":1929},[52,79967,92],{"class":84},[52,79969,1238],{"class":1803},[52,79971,329],{"class":84},[20,79973,79974],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[412,79976,79978,79979,79981],{"id":79977},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79980,3124],{}," when sorting?",[20,79983,79984],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[38,79986,2005],{"id":2004},[176,79988,79989,79994,80000,80004],{},[179,79990,79991],{},[289,79992,79993],{"href":78496},"How to sort a list in Python",[179,79995,79996],{},[289,79997,3696,79998,5906],{"href":74641},[15,79999,74544],{},[179,80001,80002],{},[289,80003,67197],{"href":51102},[179,80005,80006],{},[289,80007,79246],{"href":79245},[2035,80009,80010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":80012},[80013,80014,80016,80017,80018,80019,80021,80023,80034,80044],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":78053,"depth":77,"text":80015},"What list.sort() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":78308,"depth":77,"text":78309},{"id":78500,"depth":77,"text":78501},{"id":78822,"depth":77,"text":80020},"Using the key argument",{"id":79087,"depth":77,"text":80022},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":80024},[80025,80027,80028,80030,80032,80033],{"id":79256,"depth":111,"text":80026},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79365,"depth":111,"text":79366},{"id":79417,"depth":111,"text":80029},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79571,"depth":111,"text":80031},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79658,"depth":111,"text":79659},{"id":60831,"depth":111,"text":60832},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":80035},[80036,80038,80040,80041,80042],{"id":79888,"depth":111,"text":80037},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79897,"depth":111,"text":80039},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79912,"depth":111,"text":79913},{"id":79941,"depth":111,"text":79942},{"id":79977,"depth":111,"text":80043},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77975,"description":80045},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80052,"title":80053,"body":80054,"description":82685,"extension":2078,"meta":82686,"navigation":221,"path":82687,"seo":82688,"stem":82689,"__hash__":82690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80055,"toc":82644},[80056,80061,80066,80069,80080,80083,80103,80105,80167,80169,80210,80219,80224,80229,80235,80246,80248,80267,80270,80275,80280,80282,80287,80301,80303,80321,80324,80341,80344,80350,80373,80378,80380,80383,80444,80446,80479,80481,80520,80528,80538,80544,80549,80642,80644,80668,80670,80688,80691,80722,80728,80733,80736,80738,80863,80865,80889,80891,80910,80916,80922,81041,81043,81060,81067,81073,81078,81085,81091,81093,81150,81153,81174,81177,81180,81241,81243,81276,81280,81350,81352,81369,81373,81376,81451,81453,81490,81493,81496,81567,81569,81630,81635,81640,81643,81657,81659,81732,81734,81754,81757,81760,81817,81879,81882,81914,81917,81932,81937,81939,81945,81948,82004,82007,82009,82028,82032,82034,82078,82087,82089,82149,82153,82156,82158,82251,82253,82368,82372,82374,82448,82451,82454,82456,82461,82526,82528,82552,82562,82564,82570,82579,82588,82597,82603,82606,82610,82613,82615,82641],[10,80057,3696,80059,3700],{"id":80058},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80060,39842],{},[20,80062,3703,80063,80065],{},[15,80064,39842],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80067,80068],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[176,80070,80071,80074,80077],{},[179,80072,80073],{},"converting numbers to strings",[179,80075,80076],{},"changing strings to integers",[179,80078,80079],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80081,80082],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[176,80084,80085,80092,80098],{},[179,80086,80087,14178,80089,80091],{},[15,80088,39842],{},[3865,80090,4752],{}," return a list in Python 3",[179,80093,80094,80095],{},"it returns a ",[3865,80096,80097],{},"map object",[179,80099,80100,80101],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80102,24907],{},[38,80104,41],{"id":40},[43,80106,80108],{"className":45,"code":80107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80109,80110,80134,80153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80111,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80113,3739],{"class":58},[52,80115,63],{"class":62},[52,80117,3744],{"class":84},[52,80119,3106],{"class":608},[52,80121,318],{"class":84},[52,80123,3111],{"class":608},[52,80125,318],{"class":84},[52,80127,609],{"class":608},[52,80129,318],{"class":84},[52,80131,2575],{"class":608},[52,80133,3757],{"class":84},[52,80135,80136,80138,80140,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,80137,2346],{"class":58},[52,80139,63],{"class":62},[52,80141,80142],{"class":80}," map",[52,80144,85],{"class":84},[52,80146,3563],{"class":1929},[52,80148,318],{"class":84},[52,80150,4384],{"class":88},[52,80152,329],{"class":84},[52,80154,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,80156,81],{"class":80},[52,80158,85],{"class":84},[52,80160,8217],{"class":1929},[52,80162,85],{"class":84},[52,80164,2381],{"class":88},[52,80166,108],{"class":84},[20,80168,135],{},[43,80170,80172],{"className":45,"code":80171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80173,80174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80175,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80177,4021],{"class":84},[52,80179,1888],{"class":66},[52,80181,3106],{"class":70},[52,80183,1888],{"class":66},[52,80185,318],{"class":84},[52,80187,3416],{"class":66},[52,80189,2172],{"class":70},[52,80191,1888],{"class":66},[52,80193,318],{"class":84},[52,80195,3416],{"class":66},[52,80197,627],{"class":70},[52,80199,1888],{"class":66},[52,80201,318],{"class":84},[52,80203,3416],{"class":66},[52,80205,2623],{"class":70},[52,80207,1888],{"class":66},[52,80209,3757],{"class":84},[20,80211,154,80212,80215,80216,80218],{},[15,80213,80214],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80217,24907],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[38,80220,166,80222,169],{"id":80221},"what-map-does",[15,80223,39842],{},[20,80225,80226,80228],{},[15,80227,39842],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80230,80231,80232,80234],{},"An ",[3865,80233,3842],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[176,80236,80237,80239,80241,80243],{},[179,80238,38027],{},[179,80240,38030],{},[179,80242,38033],{},[179,80244,80245],{},"a range object",[20,80247,30851],{},[43,80249,80251],{"className":45,"code":80250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80252,80253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80254,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80256,39985],{"class":80},[52,80258,85],{"class":84},[52,80260,37986],{"class":88},[52,80262,318],{"class":84},[52,80264,37991],{"class":88},[52,80266,329],{"class":84},[20,80268,80269],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80271,80272,80273,33868],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3865,80274,80097],{},[20,80276,80277,80278,92],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[289,80279,5260],{"href":5259},[38,80281,296],{"id":295},[20,80283,80284,80286],{},[15,80285,39842],{}," needs at least two parts:",[176,80288,80289,80295],{},[179,80290,80291,80294],{},[3865,80292,80293],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[179,80296,80297,80300],{},[3865,80298,80299],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80302,3827],{},[43,80304,80305],{"className":45,"code":80250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80306,80307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80308,80309,80311,80313,80315,80317,80319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80310,39985],{"class":80},[52,80312,85],{"class":84},[52,80314,37986],{"class":88},[52,80316,318],{"class":84},[52,80318,37991],{"class":88},[52,80320,329],{"class":84},[20,80322,80323],{},"You can pass:",[176,80325,80326,80335,80338],{},[179,80327,80328,80329,2305,80331,2309,80333],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80330,3563],{},[15,80332,2304],{},[15,80334,2132],{},[179,80336,80337],{},"your own custom function",[179,80339,80340],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80342,80343],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80345,80346,80347,80349],{},"You will often see ",[15,80348,39842],{}," used like this:",[43,80351,80353],{"className":45,"code":80352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80354,80355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80356,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80358,8217],{"class":1929},[52,80360,85],{"class":84},[52,80362,39985],{"class":80},[52,80364,85],{"class":84},[52,80366,37986],{"class":88},[52,80368,318],{"class":84},[52,80370,4006],{"class":88},[52,80372,108],{"class":84},[20,80374,6801,80375,80377],{},[15,80376,24907],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[38,80379,11597],{"id":11596},[20,80381,80382],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[43,80384,80386],{"className":45,"code":80385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80387,80388,80408,80426,80430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80389,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80391,3739],{"class":58},[52,80393,63],{"class":62},[52,80395,3744],{"class":84},[52,80397,2448],{"class":608},[52,80399,318],{"class":84},[52,80401,7914],{"class":608},[52,80403,318],{"class":84},[52,80405,7919],{"class":608},[52,80407,3757],{"class":84},[52,80409,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,80411,2346],{"class":58},[52,80413,63],{"class":62},[52,80415,80142],{"class":80},[52,80417,85],{"class":84},[52,80419,3563],{"class":1929},[52,80421,318],{"class":84},[52,80423,4384],{"class":88},[52,80425,329],{"class":84},[52,80427,80428],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,80429,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80431,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,80433,81],{"class":80},[52,80435,85],{"class":84},[52,80437,8217],{"class":1929},[52,80439,85],{"class":84},[52,80441,2381],{"class":88},[52,80443,108],{"class":84},[20,80445,135],{},[43,80447,80449],{"className":45,"code":80448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80450,80451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80452,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80454,4021],{"class":84},[52,80456,1888],{"class":66},[52,80458,2448],{"class":70},[52,80460,1888],{"class":66},[52,80462,318],{"class":84},[52,80464,3416],{"class":66},[52,80466,15879],{"class":70},[52,80468,1888],{"class":66},[52,80470,318],{"class":84},[52,80472,3416],{"class":66},[52,80474,36967],{"class":70},[52,80476,1888],{"class":66},[52,80478,3757],{"class":84},[20,80480,11806],{},[176,80482,80483,80488,80496,80504,80512],{},[179,80484,80485,80487],{},[15,80486,3771],{}," contains integers",[179,80489,80490,80493,80494],{},[15,80491,80492],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80495,47807],{},[179,80497,80498,42280,80501],{},[15,80499,80500],{},"str(10)",[15,80502,80503],{},"'10'",[179,80505,80506,42280,80509],{},[15,80507,80508],{},"str(20)",[15,80510,80511],{},"'20'",[179,80513,80514,42280,80517],{},[15,80515,80516],{},"str(30)",[15,80518,80519],{},"'30'",[20,80521,53775,80522,80524,80525,80527],{},[15,80523,39842],{}," applies ",[15,80526,47807],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80529,80530,80531,80533,80534,92],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80532,24907],{}," better, see ",[289,80535,3696,80536,3629],{"href":64969},[15,80537,24907],{},[38,80539,1828,80541,80543],{"id":80540},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80542,39842],{}," with your own function",[20,80545,15839,80546,80548],{},[15,80547,39842],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[43,80550,80552],{"className":45,"code":80551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80553,80554,80567,80577,80581,80605,80624,80628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80555,80556,80558,80561,80563,80565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80557,34976],{"class":2180},[52,80559,80560],{"class":34979}," double",[52,80562,85],{"class":84},[52,80564,2289],{"class":37788},[52,80566,779],{"class":84},[52,80568,80569,80571,80573,80575],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,80570,34987],{"class":761},[52,80572,4001],{"class":58},[52,80574,39998],{"class":62},[52,80576,45712],{"class":608},[52,80578,80579],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,80580,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80582,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,80584,3739],{"class":58},[52,80586,63],{"class":62},[52,80588,3744],{"class":84},[52,80590,3106],{"class":608},[52,80592,318],{"class":84},[52,80594,3111],{"class":608},[52,80596,318],{"class":84},[52,80598,609],{"class":608},[52,80600,318],{"class":84},[52,80602,2575],{"class":608},[52,80604,3757],{"class":84},[52,80606,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80618,80620,80622],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,80608,2346],{"class":58},[52,80610,63],{"class":62},[52,80612,80142],{"class":80},[52,80614,85],{"class":84},[52,80616,80617],{"class":88},"double",[52,80619,318],{"class":84},[52,80621,4384],{"class":88},[52,80623,329],{"class":84},[52,80625,80626],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,80627,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80629,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,80631,81],{"class":80},[52,80633,85],{"class":84},[52,80635,8217],{"class":1929},[52,80637,85],{"class":84},[52,80639,2381],{"class":88},[52,80641,108],{"class":84},[20,80643,135],{},[43,80645,80646],{"className":45,"code":40011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80647,80648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80649,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80651,4021],{"class":84},[52,80653,2172],{"class":608},[52,80655,318],{"class":84},[52,80657,2575],{"class":608},[52,80659,318],{"class":84},[52,80661,37769],{"class":608},[52,80663,318],{"class":84},[52,80665,6483],{"class":608},[52,80667,3757],{"class":84},[20,80669,65705],{},[176,80671,80672,80679,80685],{},[179,80673,80674,80676,80677],{},[15,80675,39842],{}," takes the function ",[15,80678,80617],{},[179,80680,80681,80682,80684],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80683,3771],{}," into that function",[179,80686,80687],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80689,80690],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[176,80692,80693,80700,80707,80715],{},[179,80694,80695,6195,80698],{},[15,80696,80697],{},"double(1)",[15,80699,2172],{},[179,80701,80702,6195,80705],{},[15,80703,80704],{},"double(2)",[15,80706,2623],{},[179,80708,80709,6195,80712],{},[15,80710,80711],{},"double(3)",[15,80713,80714],{},"6",[179,80716,80717,6195,80720],{},[15,80718,80719],{},"double(4)",[15,80721,2463],{},[38,80723,1828,80725,80727],{"id":80724},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80726,39842],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80729,80730,80732],{},[15,80731,39842],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80734,80735],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80737,197],{},[43,80739,80741],{"className":45,"code":80740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80742,80743,80760,80770,80774,80795,80816,80820,80845,80849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80744,80745,80747,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80746,34976],{"class":2180},[52,80748,80749],{"class":34979}," add_numbers",[52,80751,85],{"class":84},[52,80753,289],{"class":37788},[52,80755,318],{"class":84},[52,80757,2678],{"class":37788},[52,80759,779],{"class":84},[52,80761,80762,80764,80766,80768],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,80763,34987],{"class":761},[52,80765,838],{"class":58},[52,80767,2175],{"class":62},[52,80769,36307],{"class":58},[52,80771,80772],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,80773,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80775,80776,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,80777,80778],{"class":58},"list1 ",[52,80780,63],{"class":62},[52,80782,3744],{"class":84},[52,80784,3106],{"class":608},[52,80786,318],{"class":84},[52,80788,3111],{"class":608},[52,80790,318],{"class":84},[52,80792,609],{"class":608},[52,80794,3757],{"class":84},[52,80796,80797,80800,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,80798,80799],{"class":58},"list2 ",[52,80801,63],{"class":62},[52,80803,3744],{"class":84},[52,80805,2448],{"class":608},[52,80807,318],{"class":84},[52,80809,7914],{"class":608},[52,80811,318],{"class":84},[52,80813,7919],{"class":608},[52,80815,3757],{"class":84},[52,80817,80818],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,80819,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80821,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80833,80835,80838,80840,80843],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,80823,2346],{"class":58},[52,80825,63],{"class":62},[52,80827,80142],{"class":80},[52,80829,85],{"class":84},[52,80831,80832],{"class":88},"add_numbers",[52,80834,318],{"class":84},[52,80836,80837],{"class":88}," list1",[52,80839,318],{"class":84},[52,80841,80842],{"class":88}," list2",[52,80844,329],{"class":84},[52,80846,80847],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,80848,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80850,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,80852,81],{"class":80},[52,80854,85],{"class":84},[52,80856,8217],{"class":1929},[52,80858,85],{"class":84},[52,80860,2381],{"class":88},[52,80862,108],{"class":84},[20,80864,135],{},[43,80866,80868],{"className":45,"code":80867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80869,80870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80871,80872,80874,80877,80879,80882,80884,80887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80873,4021],{"class":84},[52,80875,80876],{"class":608},"11",[52,80878,318],{"class":84},[52,80880,80881],{"class":608}," 22",[52,80883,318],{"class":84},[52,80885,80886],{"class":608}," 33",[52,80888,3757],{"class":84},[20,80890,2294],{},[176,80892,80893,80899,80905],{},[179,80894,80895,80896],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80897,80898],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[179,80900,80901,80902],{},"then ",[15,80903,80904],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[179,80906,80901,80907],{},[15,80908,80909],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[412,80911,80913,80915],{"id":80912},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80914,39842],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80917,80918,80919,80921],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80920,39842],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[43,80923,80925],{"className":45,"code":80924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80926,80927,80943,80953,80957,80981,80997,81001,81023,81027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80928,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80930,34976],{"class":2180},[52,80932,80749],{"class":34979},[52,80934,85],{"class":84},[52,80936,289],{"class":37788},[52,80938,318],{"class":84},[52,80940,2678],{"class":37788},[52,80942,779],{"class":84},[52,80944,80945,80947,80949,80951],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,80946,34987],{"class":761},[52,80948,838],{"class":58},[52,80950,2175],{"class":62},[52,80952,36307],{"class":58},[52,80954,80955],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,80956,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,80958,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,80960,80778],{"class":58},[52,80962,63],{"class":62},[52,80964,3744],{"class":84},[52,80966,3106],{"class":608},[52,80968,318],{"class":84},[52,80970,3111],{"class":608},[52,80972,318],{"class":84},[52,80974,609],{"class":608},[52,80976,318],{"class":84},[52,80978,2575],{"class":608},[52,80980,3757],{"class":84},[52,80982,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,80984,80799],{"class":58},[52,80986,63],{"class":62},[52,80988,3744],{"class":84},[52,80990,2448],{"class":608},[52,80992,318],{"class":84},[52,80994,7914],{"class":608},[52,80996,3757],{"class":84},[52,80998,80999],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,81000,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,81004,2346],{"class":58},[52,81006,63],{"class":62},[52,81008,80142],{"class":80},[52,81010,85],{"class":84},[52,81012,80832],{"class":88},[52,81014,318],{"class":84},[52,81016,80837],{"class":88},[52,81018,318],{"class":84},[52,81020,80842],{"class":88},[52,81022,329],{"class":84},[52,81024,81025],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,81026,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,81030,81],{"class":80},[52,81032,85],{"class":84},[52,81034,8217],{"class":1929},[52,81036,85],{"class":84},[52,81038,2381],{"class":88},[52,81040,108],{"class":84},[20,81042,135],{},[43,81044,81046],{"className":45,"code":81045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81047,81048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81049,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81051,4021],{"class":84},[52,81053,80876],{"class":608},[52,81055,318],{"class":84},[52,81057,80881],{"class":608},[52,81059,3757],{"class":84},[20,81061,81062,81063,81066],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81064,81065],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[38,81068,81070,81072],{"id":81069},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81071,39842],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81074,38149,81075,81077],{},[15,81076,39842],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81079,81080,81081,81084],{},"This object is ",[3865,81082,81083],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[412,81086,2607,81088,81090],{"id":81087},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81089,33153],{}," looks strange",[20,81092,33769],{},[43,81094,81096],{"className":45,"code":81095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81097,81098,81118,81136,81140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81099,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81101,3739],{"class":58},[52,81103,63],{"class":62},[52,81105,3744],{"class":84},[52,81107,3106],{"class":608},[52,81109,318],{"class":84},[52,81111,3111],{"class":608},[52,81113,318],{"class":84},[52,81115,609],{"class":608},[52,81117,3757],{"class":84},[52,81119,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81121,2346],{"class":58},[52,81123,63],{"class":62},[52,81125,80142],{"class":80},[52,81127,85],{"class":84},[52,81129,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81131,318],{"class":84},[52,81133,4384],{"class":88},[52,81135,329],{"class":84},[52,81137,81138],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81139,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81141,81142,81144,81146,81148],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81143,81],{"class":80},[52,81145,85],{"class":84},[52,81147,2381],{"class":88},[52,81149,329],{"class":84},[20,81151,81152],{},"Output will look something like this:",[43,81154,81156],{"className":45,"code":81155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81157,81158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81161,3410],{"class":62},[52,81163,39985],{"class":80},[52,81165,24744],{"class":1929},[52,81167,37489],{"class":58},[52,81169,37493],{"class":37492},[52,81171,37496],{"class":841},[52,81173,3423],{"class":62},[20,81175,81176],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81178,81179],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[43,81181,81183],{"className":45,"code":81182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81184,81185,81205,81223,81227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81186,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81188,3739],{"class":58},[52,81190,63],{"class":62},[52,81192,3744],{"class":84},[52,81194,3106],{"class":608},[52,81196,318],{"class":84},[52,81198,3111],{"class":608},[52,81200,318],{"class":84},[52,81202,609],{"class":608},[52,81204,3757],{"class":84},[52,81206,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81208,2346],{"class":58},[52,81210,63],{"class":62},[52,81212,80142],{"class":80},[52,81214,85],{"class":84},[52,81216,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81218,318],{"class":84},[52,81220,4384],{"class":88},[52,81222,329],{"class":84},[52,81224,81225],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81226,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81228,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81230,81],{"class":80},[52,81232,85],{"class":84},[52,81234,8217],{"class":1929},[52,81236,85],{"class":84},[52,81238,2381],{"class":88},[52,81240,108],{"class":84},[20,81242,135],{},[43,81244,81246],{"className":45,"code":81245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81247,81248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81251,4021],{"class":84},[52,81253,1888],{"class":66},[52,81255,3106],{"class":70},[52,81257,1888],{"class":66},[52,81259,318],{"class":84},[52,81261,3416],{"class":66},[52,81263,2172],{"class":70},[52,81265,1888],{"class":66},[52,81267,318],{"class":84},[52,81269,3416],{"class":66},[52,81271,627],{"class":70},[52,81273,1888],{"class":66},[52,81275,3757],{"class":84},[412,81277,81279],{"id":81278},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[43,81281,81283],{"className":45,"code":81282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81284,81285,81305,81323,81327,81340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81286,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81288,3739],{"class":58},[52,81290,63],{"class":62},[52,81292,3744],{"class":84},[52,81294,3106],{"class":608},[52,81296,318],{"class":84},[52,81298,3111],{"class":608},[52,81300,318],{"class":84},[52,81302,609],{"class":608},[52,81304,3757],{"class":84},[52,81306,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81308,2346],{"class":58},[52,81310,63],{"class":62},[52,81312,80142],{"class":80},[52,81314,85],{"class":84},[52,81316,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81318,318],{"class":84},[52,81320,4384],{"class":88},[52,81322,329],{"class":84},[52,81324,81325],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81326,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81328,81329,81331,81333,81335,81338],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81330,6081],{"class":761},[52,81332,6084],{"class":58},[52,81334,1638],{"class":761},[52,81336,81337],{"class":58}," result",[52,81339,804],{"class":84},[52,81341,81342,81344,81346,81348],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,81343,784],{"class":80},[52,81345,85],{"class":84},[52,81347,23437],{"class":88},[52,81349,329],{"class":84},[20,81351,135],{},[43,81353,81355],{"className":45,"code":81354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81356,81357,81361,81365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81358,81359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81360,47040],{"class":608},[52,81362,81363],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81364,17182],{"class":608},[52,81366,81367],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81368,46740],{"class":608},[412,81370,81372],{"id":81371},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81374,81375],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[43,81377,81379],{"className":45,"code":81378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81380,81381,81401,81419,81423,81437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81382,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81384,3739],{"class":58},[52,81386,63],{"class":62},[52,81388,3744],{"class":84},[52,81390,3106],{"class":608},[52,81392,318],{"class":84},[52,81394,3111],{"class":608},[52,81396,318],{"class":84},[52,81398,609],{"class":608},[52,81400,3757],{"class":84},[52,81402,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81404,2346],{"class":58},[52,81406,63],{"class":62},[52,81408,80142],{"class":80},[52,81410,85],{"class":84},[52,81412,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81414,318],{"class":84},[52,81416,4384],{"class":88},[52,81418,329],{"class":84},[52,81420,81421],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81422,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81424,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81426,81],{"class":80},[52,81428,85],{"class":84},[52,81430,8217],{"class":1929},[52,81432,85],{"class":84},[52,81434,2381],{"class":88},[52,81436,108],{"class":84},[52,81438,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,81440,81],{"class":80},[52,81442,85],{"class":84},[52,81444,8217],{"class":1929},[52,81446,85],{"class":84},[52,81448,2381],{"class":88},[52,81450,108],{"class":84},[20,81452,135],{},[43,81454,81456],{"className":45,"code":81455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81457,81458,81486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81459,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81461,4021],{"class":84},[52,81463,1888],{"class":66},[52,81465,3106],{"class":70},[52,81467,1888],{"class":66},[52,81469,318],{"class":84},[52,81471,3416],{"class":66},[52,81473,2172],{"class":70},[52,81475,1888],{"class":66},[52,81477,318],{"class":84},[52,81479,3416],{"class":66},[52,81481,627],{"class":70},[52,81483,1888],{"class":66},[52,81485,3757],{"class":84},[52,81487,81488],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81489,38423],{"class":84},[20,81491,81492],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81494,81495],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[43,81497,81499],{"className":45,"code":81498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81500,81501,81521,81543,81547,81557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81502,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81504,3739],{"class":58},[52,81506,63],{"class":62},[52,81508,3744],{"class":84},[52,81510,3106],{"class":608},[52,81512,318],{"class":84},[52,81514,3111],{"class":608},[52,81516,318],{"class":84},[52,81518,609],{"class":608},[52,81520,3757],{"class":84},[52,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81524,2346],{"class":58},[52,81526,63],{"class":62},[52,81528,22686],{"class":1929},[52,81530,85],{"class":84},[52,81532,39985],{"class":80},[52,81534,85],{"class":84},[52,81536,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81538,318],{"class":84},[52,81540,4384],{"class":88},[52,81542,108],{"class":84},[52,81544,81545],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81546,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81548,81549,81551,81553,81555],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81550,81],{"class":80},[52,81552,85],{"class":84},[52,81554,2381],{"class":88},[52,81556,329],{"class":84},[52,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,81560,81],{"class":80},[52,81562,85],{"class":84},[52,81564,2381],{"class":88},[52,81566,329],{"class":84},[20,81568,135],{},[43,81570,81572],{"className":45,"code":81571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81573,81574,81602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81575,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81577,4021],{"class":84},[52,81579,1888],{"class":66},[52,81581,3106],{"class":70},[52,81583,1888],{"class":66},[52,81585,318],{"class":84},[52,81587,3416],{"class":66},[52,81589,2172],{"class":70},[52,81591,1888],{"class":66},[52,81593,318],{"class":84},[52,81595,3416],{"class":66},[52,81597,627],{"class":70},[52,81599,1888],{"class":66},[52,81601,3757],{"class":84},[52,81603,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81605,4021],{"class":84},[52,81607,1888],{"class":66},[52,81609,3106],{"class":70},[52,81611,1888],{"class":66},[52,81613,318],{"class":84},[52,81615,3416],{"class":66},[52,81617,2172],{"class":70},[52,81619,1888],{"class":66},[52,81621,318],{"class":84},[52,81623,3416],{"class":66},[52,81625,627],{"class":70},[52,81627,1888],{"class":66},[52,81629,3757],{"class":84},[38,81631,5084,81633],{"id":81632},"when-to-use-map",[15,81634,39842],{},[20,81636,81637,81639],{},[15,81638,39842],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81641,81642],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[176,81644,81645,81649,81653],{},[179,81646,81647],{},[15,81648,3563],{},[179,81650,81651],{},[15,81652,2304],{},[179,81654,81655],{},[15,81656,2132],{},[20,81658,197],{},[43,81660,81662],{"className":45,"code":81661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81663,81664,81696,81718,81722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81665,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81667,3946],{"class":58},[52,81669,63],{"class":62},[52,81671,3744],{"class":84},[52,81673,1888],{"class":66},[52,81675,3106],{"class":70},[52,81677,1888],{"class":66},[52,81679,318],{"class":84},[52,81681,3416],{"class":66},[52,81683,2172],{"class":70},[52,81685,1888],{"class":66},[52,81687,318],{"class":84},[52,81689,3416],{"class":66},[52,81691,627],{"class":70},[52,81693,1888],{"class":66},[52,81695,3757],{"class":84},[52,81697,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81699,3739],{"class":58},[52,81701,63],{"class":62},[52,81703,22686],{"class":1929},[52,81705,85],{"class":84},[52,81707,39985],{"class":80},[52,81709,85],{"class":84},[52,81711,2304],{"class":1929},[52,81713,318],{"class":84},[52,81715,4006],{"class":88},[52,81717,108],{"class":84},[52,81719,81720],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81721,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81723,81724,81726,81728,81730],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81725,81],{"class":80},[52,81727,85],{"class":84},[52,81729,3771],{"class":88},[52,81731,329],{"class":84},[20,81733,135],{},[43,81735,81736],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81737,81738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81739,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81741,4021],{"class":84},[52,81743,3106],{"class":608},[52,81745,318],{"class":84},[52,81747,3111],{"class":608},[52,81749,318],{"class":84},[52,81751,609],{"class":608},[52,81753,3757],{"class":84},[20,81755,81756],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81758,81759],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[43,81761,81763],{"className":45,"code":81762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81764,81765,81785,81807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81766,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81768,3739],{"class":58},[52,81770,63],{"class":62},[52,81772,3744],{"class":84},[52,81774,3106],{"class":608},[52,81776,318],{"class":84},[52,81778,3111],{"class":608},[52,81780,318],{"class":84},[52,81782,609],{"class":608},[52,81784,3757],{"class":84},[52,81786,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81788,2346],{"class":58},[52,81790,63],{"class":62},[52,81792,22686],{"class":1929},[52,81794,85],{"class":84},[52,81796,39985],{"class":80},[52,81798,85],{"class":84},[52,81800,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81802,318],{"class":84},[52,81804,4384],{"class":88},[52,81806,108],{"class":84},[52,81808,81809,81811,81813,81815],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81810,81],{"class":80},[52,81812,85],{"class":84},[52,81814,2381],{"class":88},[52,81816,329],{"class":84},[43,81818,81820],{"className":45,"code":81819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81821,81822,81842,81869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81823,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81825,3739],{"class":58},[52,81827,63],{"class":62},[52,81829,3744],{"class":84},[52,81831,3106],{"class":608},[52,81833,318],{"class":84},[52,81835,3111],{"class":608},[52,81837,318],{"class":84},[52,81839,609],{"class":608},[52,81841,3757],{"class":84},[52,81843,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81863,81865,81867],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81845,2346],{"class":58},[52,81847,63],{"class":62},[52,81849,3744],{"class":84},[52,81851,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81853,85],{"class":84},[52,81855,76150],{"class":88},[52,81857,3784],{"class":84},[52,81859,3998],{"class":761},[52,81861,81862],{"class":58}," n ",[52,81864,1638],{"class":761},[52,81866,4384],{"class":58},[52,81868,3757],{"class":84},[52,81870,81871,81873,81875,81877],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81872,81],{"class":80},[52,81874,85],{"class":84},[52,81876,2381],{"class":88},[52,81878,329],{"class":84},[20,81880,81881],{},"Both produce:",[43,81883,81884],{"className":45,"code":81245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81885,81886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81887,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81889,4021],{"class":84},[52,81891,1888],{"class":66},[52,81893,3106],{"class":70},[52,81895,1888],{"class":66},[52,81897,318],{"class":84},[52,81899,3416],{"class":66},[52,81901,2172],{"class":70},[52,81903,1888],{"class":66},[52,81905,318],{"class":84},[52,81907,3416],{"class":66},[52,81909,627],{"class":70},[52,81911,1888],{"class":66},[52,81913,3757],{"class":84},[20,81915,81916],{},"A simple rule:",[176,81918,81919,81924,81929],{},[179,81920,40116,81921,81923],{},[15,81922,39842],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[179,81925,40122,81926,81928],{},[15,81927,6081],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[179,81930,81931],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81933,81934,81935,92],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[289,81936,4514],{"href":4513},[38,81938,4640],{"id":4639},[412,81940,81942,81943],{"id":81941},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81944,24907],{},[20,81946,81947],{},"This is very common:",[43,81949,81950],{"className":45,"code":81095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81951,81952,81972,81990,81994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81953,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81955,3739],{"class":58},[52,81957,63],{"class":62},[52,81959,3744],{"class":84},[52,81961,3106],{"class":608},[52,81963,318],{"class":84},[52,81965,3111],{"class":608},[52,81967,318],{"class":84},[52,81969,609],{"class":608},[52,81971,3757],{"class":84},[52,81973,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,81975,2346],{"class":58},[52,81977,63],{"class":62},[52,81979,80142],{"class":80},[52,81981,85],{"class":84},[52,81983,3563],{"class":1929},[52,81985,318],{"class":84},[52,81987,4384],{"class":88},[52,81989,329],{"class":84},[52,81991,81992],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,81993,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,81995,81996,81998,82000,82002],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,81997,81],{"class":80},[52,81999,85],{"class":84},[52,82001,2381],{"class":88},[52,82003,329],{"class":84},[20,82005,82006],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82008,1586],{},[43,82010,82012],{"className":45,"code":82011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82013,82014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82015,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82017,81],{"class":80},[52,82019,85],{"class":84},[52,82021,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82023,85],{"class":84},[52,82025,2381],{"class":88},[52,82027,108],{"class":84},[412,82029,82031],{"id":82030},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82033,16769],{},[43,82035,82037],{"className":45,"code":82036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82038,82039,82059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82040,82041,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82042,3739],{"class":58},[52,82044,63],{"class":62},[52,82046,3744],{"class":84},[52,82048,3106],{"class":608},[52,82050,318],{"class":84},[52,82052,3111],{"class":608},[52,82054,318],{"class":84},[52,82056,609],{"class":608},[52,82058,3757],{"class":84},[52,82060,82061,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071,82074,82076],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82062,2346],{"class":58},[52,82064,63],{"class":62},[52,82066,80142],{"class":80},[52,82068,85],{"class":84},[52,82070,3563],{"class":1929},[52,82072,82073],{"class":84},"(),",[52,82075,4384],{"class":88},[52,82077,329],{"class":84},[20,82079,82080,82081,82083,82084,82086],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82082,47807],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82085,39842],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82088,16781],{},[43,82090,82091],{"className":45,"code":81182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82092,82093,82113,82131,82135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82094,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82096,3739],{"class":58},[52,82098,63],{"class":62},[52,82100,3744],{"class":84},[52,82102,3106],{"class":608},[52,82104,318],{"class":84},[52,82106,3111],{"class":608},[52,82108,318],{"class":84},[52,82110,609],{"class":608},[52,82112,3757],{"class":84},[52,82114,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82116,2346],{"class":58},[52,82118,63],{"class":62},[52,82120,80142],{"class":80},[52,82122,85],{"class":84},[52,82124,3563],{"class":1929},[52,82126,318],{"class":84},[52,82128,4384],{"class":88},[52,82130,329],{"class":84},[52,82132,82133],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82134,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82136,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82138,81],{"class":80},[52,82140,85],{"class":84},[52,82142,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82144,85],{"class":84},[52,82146,2381],{"class":88},[52,82148,108],{"class":84},[412,82150,82152],{"id":82151},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82154,82155],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82157,16769],{},[43,82159,82161],{"className":45,"code":82160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82162,82163,82180,82190,82194,82214,82233,82237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82164,82165,82167,82170,82172,82174,82176,82178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82166,34976],{"class":2180},[52,82168,82169],{"class":34979}," add",[52,82171,85],{"class":84},[52,82173,289],{"class":37788},[52,82175,318],{"class":84},[52,82177,2678],{"class":37788},[52,82179,779],{"class":84},[52,82181,82182,82184,82186,82188],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82183,34987],{"class":761},[52,82185,838],{"class":58},[52,82187,2175],{"class":62},[52,82189,36307],{"class":58},[52,82191,82192],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82193,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82195,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82197,3739],{"class":58},[52,82199,63],{"class":62},[52,82201,3744],{"class":84},[52,82203,3106],{"class":608},[52,82205,318],{"class":84},[52,82207,3111],{"class":608},[52,82209,318],{"class":84},[52,82211,609],{"class":608},[52,82213,3757],{"class":84},[52,82215,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82227,82229,82231],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,82217,2346],{"class":58},[52,82219,63],{"class":62},[52,82221,80142],{"class":80},[52,82223,85],{"class":84},[52,82225,82226],{"class":88},"add",[52,82228,318],{"class":84},[52,82230,4384],{"class":88},[52,82232,329],{"class":84},[52,82234,82235],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,82236,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82238,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,82240,81],{"class":80},[52,82242,85],{"class":84},[52,82244,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82246,85],{"class":84},[52,82248,2381],{"class":88},[52,82250,108],{"class":84},[20,82252,16781],{},[43,82254,82256],{"className":45,"code":82255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82257,82258,82274,82284,82288,82308,82328,82350,82354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82259,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82261,34976],{"class":2180},[52,82263,82169],{"class":34979},[52,82265,85],{"class":84},[52,82267,289],{"class":37788},[52,82269,318],{"class":84},[52,82271,2678],{"class":37788},[52,82273,779],{"class":84},[52,82275,82276,82278,82280,82282],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82277,34987],{"class":761},[52,82279,838],{"class":58},[52,82281,2175],{"class":62},[52,82283,36307],{"class":58},[52,82285,82286],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82287,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82289,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82291,80778],{"class":58},[52,82293,63],{"class":62},[52,82295,3744],{"class":84},[52,82297,3106],{"class":608},[52,82299,318],{"class":84},[52,82301,3111],{"class":608},[52,82303,318],{"class":84},[52,82305,609],{"class":608},[52,82307,3757],{"class":84},[52,82309,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,82311,80799],{"class":58},[52,82313,63],{"class":62},[52,82315,3744],{"class":84},[52,82317,2448],{"class":608},[52,82319,318],{"class":84},[52,82321,7914],{"class":608},[52,82323,318],{"class":84},[52,82325,7919],{"class":608},[52,82327,3757],{"class":84},[52,82329,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,82331,2346],{"class":58},[52,82333,63],{"class":62},[52,82335,80142],{"class":80},[52,82337,85],{"class":84},[52,82339,82226],{"class":88},[52,82341,318],{"class":84},[52,82343,80837],{"class":88},[52,82345,318],{"class":84},[52,82347,80842],{"class":88},[52,82349,329],{"class":84},[52,82351,82352],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,82353,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82355,82356,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,82357,81],{"class":80},[52,82359,85],{"class":84},[52,82361,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82363,85],{"class":84},[52,82365,2381],{"class":88},[52,82367,108],{"class":84},[412,82369,82371],{"id":82370},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82373,16769],{},[43,82375,82376],{"className":45,"code":81378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82377,82378,82398,82416,82420,82434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82379,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82381,3739],{"class":58},[52,82383,63],{"class":62},[52,82385,3744],{"class":84},[52,82387,3106],{"class":608},[52,82389,318],{"class":84},[52,82391,3111],{"class":608},[52,82393,318],{"class":84},[52,82395,609],{"class":608},[52,82397,3757],{"class":84},[52,82399,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412,82414],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82401,2346],{"class":58},[52,82403,63],{"class":62},[52,82405,80142],{"class":80},[52,82407,85],{"class":84},[52,82409,3563],{"class":1929},[52,82411,318],{"class":84},[52,82413,4384],{"class":88},[52,82415,329],{"class":84},[52,82417,82418],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82419,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82421,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430,82432],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82423,81],{"class":80},[52,82425,85],{"class":84},[52,82427,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82429,85],{"class":84},[52,82431,2381],{"class":88},[52,82433,108],{"class":84},[52,82435,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,82437,81],{"class":80},[52,82439,85],{"class":84},[52,82441,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82443,85],{"class":84},[52,82445,2381],{"class":88},[52,82447,108],{"class":84},[20,82449,82450],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82452,82453],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[38,82455,68015],{"id":68014},[20,82457,8995,82458,82460],{},[15,82459,39842],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,82462,82464],{"className":45,"code":82463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82465,82466,82476,82490,82504,82516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82467,82468,82470,82472,82474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82469,81],{"class":80},[52,82471,85],{"class":84},[52,82473,2381],{"class":88},[52,82475,329],{"class":84},[52,82477,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82479,81],{"class":80},[52,82481,85],{"class":84},[52,82483,8217],{"class":1929},[52,82485,85],{"class":84},[52,82487,2381],{"class":88},[52,82489,108],{"class":84},[52,82491,82492,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82493,81],{"class":80},[52,82495,85],{"class":84},[52,82497,1930],{"class":1929},[52,82499,85],{"class":84},[52,82501,2381],{"class":88},[52,82503,108],{"class":84},[52,82505,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82507,6081],{"class":761},[52,82509,6084],{"class":58},[52,82511,1638],{"class":761},[52,82513,81337],{"class":58},[52,82515,804],{"class":84},[52,82517,82518,82520,82522,82524],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,82519,784],{"class":80},[52,82521,85],{"class":84},[52,82523,23437],{"class":88},[52,82525,329],{"class":84},[20,82527,12795],{},[176,82529,82530,82535,82540,82546],{},[179,82531,82532,82534],{},[15,82533,33153],{}," shows that you have a map object",[179,82536,82537,82539],{},[15,82538,33161],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[179,82541,82542,82545],{},[15,82543,82544],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[179,82547,82548,82549,82551],{},"looping over ",[15,82550,2381],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82553,82554,82555,82558,82559,82561],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82556,82557],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82560,6081],{}," loop consume the map object.",[38,82563,1940],{"id":1939},[412,82565,1944,82567,82569],{"id":82566},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82568,39842],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82571,82572,82573,82575,82576,24065],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82574,39842],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82577,82578],{},"list(map(...))",[412,82580,1971,82582,82584,82585,82587],{"id":82581},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82583,39842],{}," better than a ",[15,82586,6081],{}," loop?",[20,82589,82590,82591,82593,82594,82596],{},"Not always. ",[15,82592,39842],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82595,6081],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[412,82598,1958,82600,82602],{"id":82599},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82601,39842],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82604,82605],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[412,82607,82609],{"id":82608},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82611,82612],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[38,82614,2005],{"id":2004},[176,82616,82617,82623,82629,82633,82637],{},[179,82618,82619],{},[289,82620,3696,82621,3629],{"href":40211},[15,82622,37701],{},[179,82624,82625],{},[289,82626,3696,82627,3629],{"href":64969},[15,82628,24907],{},[179,82630,82631],{},[289,82632,5344],{"href":5255},[179,82634,82635],{},[289,82636,5349],{"href":4513},[179,82638,82639],{},[289,82640,5339],{"href":5259},[2035,82642,82643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":82645},[82646,82647,82649,82650,82651,82653,82658,82665,82667,82674,82675,82684],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":80221,"depth":77,"text":82648},"What map() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":80540,"depth":77,"text":82652},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80724,"depth":77,"text":82654,"children":82655},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82656],{"id":80912,"depth":111,"text":82657},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81069,"depth":77,"text":82659,"children":82660},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82661,82663,82664],{"id":81087,"depth":111,"text":82662},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81278,"depth":111,"text":81279},{"id":81371,"depth":111,"text":81372},{"id":81632,"depth":77,"text":82666},"When to use map()",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":82668},[82669,82671,82672,82673],{"id":81941,"depth":111,"text":82670},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82030,"depth":111,"text":82031},{"id":82151,"depth":111,"text":82152},{"id":82370,"depth":111,"text":82371},{"id":68014,"depth":77,"text":68015},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":82676},[82677,82679,82681,82683],{"id":82566,"depth":111,"text":82678},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82581,"depth":111,"text":82680},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82599,"depth":111,"text":82682},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82608,"depth":111,"text":82609},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80053,"description":82685},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82692,"title":82693,"body":82694,"description":84714,"extension":2078,"meta":84715,"navigation":221,"path":84716,"seo":84717,"stem":84718,"__hash__":84719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82695,"toc":84672},[82696,82702,82707,82710,82718,82721,82723,82847,82849,82867,82869,82889,82894,82898,82912,82915,82918,82920,82925,83037,83040,83058,83064,83067,83129,83131,83140,83143,83157,83159,83207,83209,83218,83228,83234,83237,83264,83266,83274,83277,83280,83350,83352,83360,83363,83368,83373,83424,83426,83434,83437,83439,83456,83458,83510,83513,83519,83523,83528,83531,83535,83594,83596,83605,83611,83620,83624,83687,83689,83697,83702,83706,83711,83791,83793,83802,83809,83814,83819,83822,83857,83859,83867,83870,83876,83878,83928,83930,83939,83942,83960,83962,83967,83973,83980,84007,84009,84032,84037,84072,84077,84083,84088,84131,84134,84137,84176,84183,84189,84194,84209,84213,84220,84223,84227,84232,84236,84241,84243,84304,84306,84335,84340,84347,84356,84358,84361,84386,84388,84491,84494,84512,84521,84523,84528,84531,84537,84540,84542,84552,84558,84562,84620,84627,84635,84637,84669],[10,82697,3696,82699,3700],{"id":82698},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82700,82701],{},"max()",[20,82703,9243,82704,82706],{},[15,82705,82701],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82708,82709],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[176,82711,82712,82715],{},[179,82713,82714],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[179,82716,82717],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82719,82720],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[38,82722,41],{"id":40},[43,82724,82726],{"className":45,"code":82725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82727,82728,82752,82767,82771,82797,82801,82833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82729,82730,82732,82734,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82731,3739],{"class":58},[52,82733,63],{"class":62},[52,82735,3744],{"class":84},[52,82737,627],{"class":608},[52,82739,318],{"class":84},[52,82741,6483],{"class":608},[52,82743,318],{"class":84},[52,82745,3111],{"class":608},[52,82747,318],{"class":84},[52,82749,4726],{"class":608},[52,82751,3757],{"class":84},[52,82753,82754,82756,82758,82761,82763,82765],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82755,81],{"class":80},[52,82757,85],{"class":84},[52,82759,82760],{"class":80},"max",[52,82762,85],{"class":84},[52,82764,3771],{"class":88},[52,82766,108],{"class":84},[52,82768,82769],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82770,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82772,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82774,81],{"class":80},[52,82776,85],{"class":84},[52,82778,82760],{"class":80},[52,82780,85],{"class":84},[52,82782,627],{"class":608},[52,82784,318],{"class":84},[52,82786,6483],{"class":608},[52,82788,318],{"class":84},[52,82790,3111],{"class":608},[52,82792,318],{"class":84},[52,82794,4726],{"class":608},[52,82796,108],{"class":84},[52,82798,82799],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,82800,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,82802,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,82804,4190],{"class":58},[52,82806,63],{"class":62},[52,82808,3744],{"class":84},[52,82810,100],{"class":66},[52,82812,4199],{"class":70},[52,82814,100],{"class":66},[52,82816,318],{"class":84},[52,82818,67],{"class":66},[52,82820,4208],{"class":70},[52,82822,100],{"class":66},[52,82824,318],{"class":84},[52,82826,67],{"class":66},[52,82828,78864],{"class":70},[52,82830,100],{"class":66},[52,82832,3757],{"class":84},[52,82834,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,82836,81],{"class":80},[52,82838,85],{"class":84},[52,82840,82760],{"class":80},[52,82842,85],{"class":84},[52,82844,4234],{"class":88},[52,82846,108],{"class":84},[20,82848,135],{},[43,82850,82852],{"className":45,"code":82851,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82853,82854,82858,82862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82855,82856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82857,2499],{"class":608},[52,82859,82860],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82861,2499],{"class":608},[52,82863,82864],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82865,82866],{"class":58},"pear\n",[20,82868,20083],{},[176,82870,82871,82877,82883],{},[179,82872,82873,82876],{},[15,82874,82875],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[179,82878,82879,82882],{},[15,82880,82881],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[179,82884,82885,82888],{},[15,82886,82887],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[38,82890,166,82892,169],{"id":82891},"what-max-does",[15,82893,82701],{},[20,82895,82896,174],{},[15,82897,82701],{},[176,82899,82900,82903,82906,82909],{},[179,82901,82902],{},"Returns the largest item",[179,82904,82905],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[179,82907,82908],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[179,82910,82911],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82913,82914],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82916,82917],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[38,82919,296],{"id":295},[20,82921,82922,82923,174],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82924,82701],{},[43,82926,82928],{"className":45,"code":82927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82929,82930,82940,82964,82986,83009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82931,82932,82934,82936,82938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82933,82760],{"class":80},[52,82935,85],{"class":84},[52,82937,3842],{"class":88},[52,82939,329],{"class":84},[52,82941,82942,82944,82946,82948,82950,82953,82955,82957,82959,82962],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,82943,82760],{"class":80},[52,82945,85],{"class":84},[52,82947,3842],{"class":88},[52,82949,318],{"class":84},[52,82951,82952],{"class":62}," *",[52,82954,318],{"class":84},[52,82956,21705],{"class":9296},[52,82958,63],{"class":62},[52,82960,82961],{"class":88},"func",[52,82963,329],{"class":84},[52,82965,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,82967,82760],{"class":80},[52,82969,85],{"class":84},[52,82971,3842],{"class":88},[52,82973,318],{"class":84},[52,82975,82952],{"class":62},[52,82977,318],{"class":84},[52,82979,26649],{"class":9296},[52,82981,63],{"class":62},[52,82983,2591],{"class":88},[52,82985,329],{"class":84},[52,82987,82988,82990,82992,82995,82997,83000,83002,83004,83007],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,82989,82760],{"class":80},[52,82991,85],{"class":84},[52,82993,82994],{"class":88},"arg1",[52,82996,318],{"class":84},[52,82998,82999],{"class":88}," arg2",[52,83001,318],{"class":84},[52,83003,82952],{"class":62},[52,83005,83006],{"class":88},"args",[52,83008,329],{"class":84},[52,83010,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,83012,82760],{"class":80},[52,83014,85],{"class":84},[52,83016,82994],{"class":88},[52,83018,318],{"class":84},[52,83020,82999],{"class":88},[52,83022,318],{"class":84},[52,83024,82952],{"class":62},[52,83026,83006],{"class":88},[52,83028,318],{"class":84},[52,83030,21705],{"class":9296},[52,83032,63],{"class":62},[52,83034,82961],{"class":88},[52,83036,329],{"class":84},[20,83038,83039],{},"The most important parts are:",[176,83041,83042,83047,83052],{},[179,83043,83044,83046],{},[15,83045,3842],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[179,83048,83049,83051],{},[15,83050,14966],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[179,83053,83054,83057],{},[15,83055,83056],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[38,83059,1828,83061,83063],{"id":83060},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83062,82701],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83065,83066],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[43,83068,83070],{"className":45,"code":83069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83071,83072,83098,83114,83118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83073,83074,83076,83078,83080,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093,83096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83075,5187],{"class":58},[52,83077,63],{"class":62},[52,83079,3744],{"class":84},[52,83081,83082],{"class":608},"72",[52,83084,318],{"class":84},[52,83086,51633],{"class":608},[52,83088,318],{"class":84},[52,83090,13631],{"class":608},[52,83092,318],{"class":84},[52,83094,83095],{"class":608}," 66",[52,83097,3757],{"class":84},[52,83099,83100,83103,83105,83108,83110,83112],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83101,83102],{"class":58},"highest_score ",[52,83104,63],{"class":62},[52,83106,83107],{"class":80}," max",[52,83109,85],{"class":84},[52,83111,16514],{"class":88},[52,83113,329],{"class":84},[52,83115,83116],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,83117,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,83119,83120,83122,83124,83127],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,83121,81],{"class":80},[52,83123,85],{"class":84},[52,83125,83126],{"class":88},"highest_score",[52,83128,329],{"class":84},[20,83130,135],{},[43,83132,83134],{"className":45,"code":83133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"91\n",[15,83135,83136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83137,83138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83139,83133],{"class":608},[20,83141,83142],{},"This works well for:",[176,83144,83145,83148,83151,83154],{},[179,83146,83147],{},"Scores",[179,83149,83150],{},"Prices",[179,83152,83153],{},"Ages",[179,83155,83156],{},"Counts",[20,83158,1342],{},[43,83160,83162],{"className":45,"code":83161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83163,83164,83192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83165,83166,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83180,83182,83185,83187,83190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83167,83168],{"class":58},"prices ",[52,83170,63],{"class":62},[52,83172,3744],{"class":84},[52,83174,40524],{"class":608},[52,83176,318],{"class":84},[52,83178,83179],{"class":608}," 5.50",[52,83181,318],{"class":84},[52,83183,83184],{"class":608}," 12.75",[52,83186,318],{"class":84},[52,83188,83189],{"class":608}," 29.00",[52,83191,3757],{"class":84},[52,83193,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83205],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83195,81],{"class":80},[52,83197,85],{"class":84},[52,83199,82760],{"class":80},[52,83201,85],{"class":84},[52,83203,83204],{"class":88},"prices",[52,83206,108],{"class":84},[20,83208,135],{},[43,83210,83212],{"className":45,"code":83211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"29.0\n",[15,83213,83214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83215,83216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83217,83211],{"class":608},[20,83219,83220,83221,83223,83224,92],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83222,82701],{}," is simpler than ",[289,83225,83226],{"href":74641},[15,83227,74544],{},[38,83229,1828,83231,83233],{"id":83230},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83232,82701],{}," with separate values",[20,83235,83236],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[43,83238,83240],{"className":45,"code":83239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83241,83242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83243,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83245,81],{"class":80},[52,83247,85],{"class":84},[52,83249,82760],{"class":80},[52,83251,85],{"class":84},[52,83253,2623],{"class":608},[52,83255,318],{"class":84},[52,83257,31068],{"class":608},[52,83259,318],{"class":84},[52,83261,6117],{"class":608},[52,83263,108],{"class":84},[20,83265,135],{},[43,83267,83268],{"className":45,"code":2341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83269,83270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83271,83272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83273,2341],{"class":608},[20,83275,83276],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83278,83279],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[43,83281,83283],{"className":45,"code":83282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83284,83285,83294,83302,83312,83316,83339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83286,83287,83289,83291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83288,2673],{"class":58},[52,83290,63],{"class":62},[52,83292,83293],{"class":608}," 15\n",[52,83295,83296,83298,83300],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83297,2701],{"class":58},[52,83299,63],{"class":62},[52,83301,2888],{"class":608},[52,83303,83304,83307,83309],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,83305,83306],{"class":58},"c ",[52,83308,63],{"class":62},[52,83310,83311],{"class":608}," 27\n",[52,83313,83314],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,83315,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,83317,83318,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,83319,83320],{"class":58},"largest ",[52,83322,63],{"class":62},[52,83324,83107],{"class":80},[52,83326,85],{"class":84},[52,83328,289],{"class":88},[52,83330,318],{"class":84},[52,83332,2678],{"class":88},[52,83334,318],{"class":84},[52,83336,9802],{"class":88},[52,83338,329],{"class":84},[52,83340,83341,83343,83345,83348],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,83342,81],{"class":80},[52,83344,85],{"class":84},[52,83346,83347],{"class":88},"largest",[52,83349,329],{"class":84},[20,83351,135],{},[43,83353,83354],{"className":45,"code":46735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83355,83356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83357,83358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83359,46735],{"class":608},[20,83361,83362],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[38,83364,1828,83366,47182],{"id":83365},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83367,82701],{},[20,83369,83370,83372],{},[15,83371,82701],{}," can compare strings too.",[43,83374,83376],{"className":45,"code":83375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83377,83378,83410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83379,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392,83394,83396,83398,83400,83402,83404,83406,83408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83381,4190],{"class":58},[52,83383,63],{"class":62},[52,83385,3744],{"class":84},[52,83387,100],{"class":66},[52,83389,4199],{"class":70},[52,83391,100],{"class":66},[52,83393,318],{"class":84},[52,83395,67],{"class":66},[52,83397,4208],{"class":70},[52,83399,100],{"class":66},[52,83401,318],{"class":84},[52,83403,67],{"class":66},[52,83405,78864],{"class":70},[52,83407,100],{"class":66},[52,83409,3757],{"class":84},[52,83411,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83413,81],{"class":80},[52,83415,85],{"class":84},[52,83417,82760],{"class":80},[52,83419,85],{"class":84},[52,83421,4234],{"class":88},[52,83423,108],{"class":84},[20,83425,135],{},[43,83427,83428],{"className":45,"code":82866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83429,83430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83431,83432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83433,82866],{"class":58},[20,83435,83436],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83438,68403],{},[176,83440,83441,83450,83453],{},[179,83442,83443,83446,83447,83449],{},[15,83444,83445],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83448,65395],{}," alphabetically",[179,83451,83452],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[179,83454,83455],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83457,197],{},[43,83459,83461],{"className":45,"code":83460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83462,83463,83496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83464,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83466,4190],{"class":58},[52,83468,63],{"class":62},[52,83470,3744],{"class":84},[52,83472,100],{"class":66},[52,83474,4199],{"class":70},[52,83476,100],{"class":66},[52,83478,318],{"class":84},[52,83480,67],{"class":66},[52,83482,83483],{"class":70},"Banana",[52,83485,100],{"class":66},[52,83487,318],{"class":84},[52,83489,67],{"class":66},[52,83491,78864],{"class":70},[52,83493,100],{"class":66},[52,83495,3757],{"class":84},[52,83497,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83499,81],{"class":80},[52,83501,85],{"class":84},[52,83503,82760],{"class":80},[52,83505,85],{"class":84},[52,83507,4234],{"class":88},[52,83509,108],{"class":84},[20,83511,83512],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83514,83515,83516,83518],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83517,14966],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[38,83520,36738,83521,36741],{"id":78822},[15,83522,14966],{},[20,83524,2095,83525,83527],{},[15,83526,14966],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83529,83530],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[412,83532,83534],{"id":83533},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[43,83536,83538],{"className":45,"code":83537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83539,83540,83572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83541,83542,83544,83546,83548,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83543,4190],{"class":58},[52,83545,63],{"class":62},[52,83547,3744],{"class":84},[52,83549,100],{"class":66},[52,83551,37173],{"class":70},[52,83553,100],{"class":66},[52,83555,318],{"class":84},[52,83557,67],{"class":66},[52,83559,68446],{"class":70},[52,83561,100],{"class":66},[52,83563,318],{"class":84},[52,83565,67],{"class":66},[52,83567,58250],{"class":70},[52,83569,100],{"class":66},[52,83571,3757],{"class":84},[52,83573,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83575,81],{"class":80},[52,83577,85],{"class":84},[52,83579,82760],{"class":80},[52,83581,85],{"class":84},[52,83583,4234],{"class":88},[52,83585,318],{"class":84},[52,83587,21705],{"class":9296},[52,83589,63],{"class":62},[52,83591,11284],{"class":80},[52,83593,108],{"class":84},[20,83595,135],{},[43,83597,83599],{"className":45,"code":83598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"elephant\n",[15,83600,83601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83602,83603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83604,83598],{"class":58},[20,83606,20897,83607,83610],{},[15,83608,83609],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83612,83613,83614,33755,83616,92],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83615,42486],{},[289,83617,83618,5906],{"href":42483},[15,83619,42486],{},[412,83621,83623],{"id":83622},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[43,83625,83627],{"className":45,"code":83626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83628,83629,83661],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83630,83631,83633,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83632,4190],{"class":58},[52,83634,63],{"class":62},[52,83636,3744],{"class":84},[52,83638,100],{"class":66},[52,83640,4199],{"class":70},[52,83642,100],{"class":66},[52,83644,318],{"class":84},[52,83646,67],{"class":66},[52,83648,83483],{"class":70},[52,83650,100],{"class":66},[52,83652,318],{"class":84},[52,83654,67],{"class":66},[52,83656,78864],{"class":70},[52,83658,100],{"class":66},[52,83660,3757],{"class":84},[52,83662,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83664,81],{"class":80},[52,83666,85],{"class":84},[52,83668,82760],{"class":80},[52,83670,85],{"class":84},[52,83672,4234],{"class":88},[52,83674,318],{"class":84},[52,83676,21705],{"class":9296},[52,83678,63],{"class":62},[52,83680,3563],{"class":1929},[52,83682,92],{"class":84},[52,83684,1238],{"class":1803},[52,83686,108],{"class":84},[20,83688,135],{},[43,83690,83691],{"className":45,"code":82866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83692,83693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83694,83695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83696,82866],{"class":58},[20,83698,20897,83699,83701],{},[15,83700,78818],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[412,83703,83705],{"id":83704},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83707,83708,83709,174],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83710,37785],{},[43,83712,83714],{"className":45,"code":83713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83715,83716,83759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83717,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83737,83739,83741,83743,83746,83748,83750,83752,83755,83757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83719,7903],{"class":58},[52,83721,63],{"class":62},[52,83723,3744],{"class":84},[52,83725,100],{"class":66},[52,83727,289],{"class":70},[52,83729,100],{"class":66},[52,83731,318],{"class":84},[52,83733,67],{"class":66},[52,83735,83736],{"class":70},"bb",[52,83738,100],{"class":66},[52,83740,318],{"class":84},[52,83742,67],{"class":66},[52,83744,83745],{"class":70},"cccc",[52,83747,100],{"class":66},[52,83749,318],{"class":84},[52,83751,67],{"class":66},[52,83753,83754],{"class":70},"ddd",[52,83756,100],{"class":66},[52,83758,3757],{"class":84},[52,83760,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787,83789],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83762,81],{"class":80},[52,83764,85],{"class":84},[52,83766,82760],{"class":80},[52,83768,85],{"class":84},[52,83770,7934],{"class":88},[52,83772,318],{"class":84},[52,83774,21705],{"class":9296},[52,83776,63],{"class":62},[52,83778,37785],{"class":2180},[52,83780,1705],{"class":37788},[52,83782,174],{"class":84},[52,83784,38512],{"class":80},[52,83786,85],{"class":84},[52,83788,231],{"class":88},[52,83790,546],{"class":84},[20,83792,135],{},[43,83794,83796],{"className":45,"code":83795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cccc\n",[15,83797,83798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83799,83800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83801,83795],{"class":58},[20,83803,49674,83804,342,83806,83808],{},[15,83805,83609],{},[15,83807,78705],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[38,83810,36738,83812,36741],{"id":83811},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83813,83056],{},[20,83815,2095,83816,83818],{},[15,83817,83056],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83820,83821],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[43,83823,83825],{"className":45,"code":83824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83826,83827,83835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83828,83829,83831,83833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83830,3739],{"class":58},[52,83832,63],{"class":62},[52,83834,7963],{"class":84},[52,83836,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83838,81],{"class":80},[52,83840,85],{"class":84},[52,83842,82760],{"class":80},[52,83844,85],{"class":84},[52,83846,3771],{"class":88},[52,83848,318],{"class":84},[52,83850,26649],{"class":9296},[52,83852,63],{"class":62},[52,83854,2235],{"class":608},[52,83856,108],{"class":84},[20,83858,135],{},[43,83860,83861],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83862,83863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83864,83865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83866,47375],{"class":608},[20,83868,83869],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83871,83872,83873,83875],{},"Without ",[15,83874,83056],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83877,1342],{},[43,83879,83881],{"className":45,"code":83880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83882,83883,83891,83918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83884,83885,83887,83889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83886,4190],{"class":58},[52,83888,63],{"class":62},[52,83890,7963],{"class":84},[52,83892,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83914,83916],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83894,2346],{"class":58},[52,83896,63],{"class":62},[52,83898,83107],{"class":80},[52,83900,85],{"class":84},[52,83902,4234],{"class":88},[52,83904,318],{"class":84},[52,83906,26649],{"class":9296},[52,83908,63],{"class":62},[52,83910,100],{"class":66},[52,83912,83913],{"class":70},"no words found",[52,83915,100],{"class":66},[52,83917,329],{"class":84},[52,83919,83920,83922,83924,83926],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,83921,81],{"class":80},[52,83923,85],{"class":84},[52,83925,2381],{"class":88},[52,83927,329],{"class":84},[20,83929,135],{},[43,83931,83933],{"className":45,"code":83932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"no words found\n",[15,83934,83935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83936,83937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83938,83932],{"class":58},[20,83940,83941],{},"Important:",[176,83943,83944,83952],{},[179,83945,83946,83948,83949],{},[15,83947,83056],{}," works with ",[15,83950,83951],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[179,83953,41032,83954,83956,83957],{},[3865,83955,4752],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83958,83959],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[38,83961,48110],{"id":48109},[20,83963,83964,83965,92],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83966,82701],{},[412,83968,83970,83972],{"id":83969},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83971,40830],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83974,83975,83976,46031,83978,92],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83977,83056],{},[15,83979,40830],{},[43,83981,83983],{"className":45,"code":83982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83984,83985,83993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83986,83987,83989,83991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83988,3739],{"class":58},[52,83990,63],{"class":62},[52,83992,7963],{"class":84},[52,83994,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,83996,81],{"class":80},[52,83998,85],{"class":84},[52,84000,82760],{"class":80},[52,84002,85],{"class":84},[52,84004,3771],{"class":88},[52,84006,108],{"class":84},[20,84008,29807],{},[43,84010,84012],{"className":45,"code":84011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84013,84014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84015,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84027,84029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84017,40830],{"class":1929},[52,84019,174],{"class":84},[52,84021,83107],{"class":80},[52,84023,7489],{"class":84},[52,84025,84026],{"class":58}," arg ",[52,84028,835],{"class":62},[52,84030,84031],{"class":58}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84033,84034,84035,174],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84036,83056],{},[43,84038,84040],{"className":45,"code":84039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84041,84042,84050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84043,84044,84046,84048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84045,3739],{"class":58},[52,84047,63],{"class":62},[52,84049,7963],{"class":84},[52,84051,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84053,81],{"class":80},[52,84055,85],{"class":84},[52,84057,82760],{"class":80},[52,84059,85],{"class":84},[52,84061,3771],{"class":88},[52,84063,318],{"class":84},[52,84065,26649],{"class":9296},[52,84067,63],{"class":62},[52,84069,3901],{"class":145},[52,84071,108],{"class":84},[20,84073,84074,84075,92],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[289,84076,65960],{"href":72998},[412,84078,84080,84082],{"id":84079},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84081,3124],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84084,84085,84086,92],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84087,3124],{},[43,84089,84091],{"className":45,"code":84090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84092,84093,84117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84094,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84096,7903],{"class":58},[52,84098,63],{"class":62},[52,84100,3744],{"class":84},[52,84102,2448],{"class":608},[52,84104,318],{"class":84},[52,84106,67],{"class":66},[52,84108,15879],{"class":70},[52,84110,100],{"class":66},[52,84112,318],{"class":84},[52,84114,7919],{"class":608},[52,84116,3757],{"class":84},[52,84118,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84120,81],{"class":80},[52,84122,85],{"class":84},[52,84124,82760],{"class":80},[52,84126,85],{"class":84},[52,84128,7934],{"class":88},[52,84130,108],{"class":84},[20,84132,84133],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84135,84136],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[43,84138,84140],{"className":45,"code":84139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84141,84142,84162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84143,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84145,7903],{"class":58},[52,84147,63],{"class":62},[52,84149,3744],{"class":84},[52,84151,2448],{"class":608},[52,84153,318],{"class":84},[52,84155,7914],{"class":608},[52,84157,318],{"class":84},[52,84159,7919],{"class":608},[52,84161,3757],{"class":84},[52,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84165,81],{"class":80},[52,84167,85],{"class":84},[52,84169,82760],{"class":80},[52,84171,85],{"class":84},[52,84173,7934],{"class":88},[52,84175,108],{"class":84},[20,84177,84178,84179,92],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[289,84180,84182],{"href":84181},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[412,84184,84186,84188],{"id":84185},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84187,3124],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84190,84191,84193],{},[15,84192,82701],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[43,84195,84197],{"className":45,"code":84196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max())\n",[15,84198,84199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84200,84201,84203,84205,84207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84202,81],{"class":80},[52,84204,85],{"class":84},[52,84206,82760],{"class":80},[52,84208,7317],{"class":84},[20,84210,3121,84211,92],{},[15,84212,3124],{},[38,84214,84216,10707,84218],{"id":84215},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84217,82701],{},[15,84219,74544],{},[20,84221,84222],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84224,84225,174],{},[15,84226,82701],{},[176,84228,84229],{},[179,84230,84231],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84233,84234,174],{},[15,84235,74544],{},[176,84237,84238],{},[179,84239,84240],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84242,197],{},[43,84244,84246],{"className":45,"code":84245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84247,84248,84272,84276,84290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84249,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84251,3739],{"class":58},[52,84253,63],{"class":62},[52,84255,3744],{"class":84},[52,84257,627],{"class":608},[52,84259,318],{"class":84},[52,84261,6483],{"class":608},[52,84263,318],{"class":84},[52,84265,3111],{"class":608},[52,84267,318],{"class":84},[52,84269,4726],{"class":608},[52,84271,3757],{"class":84},[52,84273,84274],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84275,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,84277,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,84279,81],{"class":80},[52,84281,85],{"class":84},[52,84283,82760],{"class":80},[52,84285,85],{"class":84},[52,84287,3771],{"class":88},[52,84289,108],{"class":84},[52,84291,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,84293,81],{"class":80},[52,84295,85],{"class":84},[52,84297,74634],{"class":80},[52,84299,85],{"class":84},[52,84301,3771],{"class":88},[52,84303,108],{"class":84},[20,84305,135],{},[43,84307,84309],{"className":45,"code":84308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84310,84311,84315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84312,84313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84314,2499],{"class":608},[52,84316,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84318,4021],{"class":84},[52,84320,2172],{"class":608},[52,84322,318],{"class":84},[52,84324,609],{"class":608},[52,84326,318],{"class":84},[52,84328,4726],{"class":608},[52,84330,318],{"class":84},[52,84332,6483],{"class":608},[52,84334,3757],{"class":84},[20,84336,154,84337,84339],{},[15,84338,82701],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84341,154,84342,84346],{},[289,84343,84344],{"href":74641},[15,84345,74544],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84348,84349,84350,92],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[289,84351,84353],{"href":84352},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84354,84355],{},"min()",[38,84357,1445],{"id":1444},[20,84359,84360],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[176,84362,84363,84370,84373,84378,84381],{},[179,84364,29776,84365,84367,84368],{},[15,84366,82701],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84369,83056],{},[179,84371,84372],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[179,84374,1725,84375,84377],{},[15,84376,82701],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[179,84379,84380],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[179,84382,1828,84383,84385],{},[15,84384,83056],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84387,11235],{},[43,84389,84391],{"className":45,"code":84390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84392,84393,84403,84417,84431,84445,84467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84394,84395,84397,84399,84401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84396,81],{"class":80},[52,84398,85],{"class":84},[52,84400,7934],{"class":88},[52,84402,329],{"class":84},[52,84404,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84406,81],{"class":80},[52,84408,85],{"class":84},[52,84410,1930],{"class":1929},[52,84412,85],{"class":84},[52,84414,7934],{"class":88},[52,84416,108],{"class":84},[52,84418,84419,84421,84423,84425,84427,84429],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,84420,81],{"class":80},[52,84422,85],{"class":84},[52,84424,11284],{"class":80},[52,84426,85],{"class":84},[52,84428,7934],{"class":88},[52,84430,108],{"class":84},[52,84432,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,84434,81],{"class":80},[52,84436,85],{"class":84},[52,84438,82760],{"class":80},[52,84440,85],{"class":84},[52,84442,7934],{"class":88},[52,84444,108],{"class":84},[52,84446,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,84448,81],{"class":80},[52,84450,85],{"class":84},[52,84452,82760],{"class":80},[52,84454,85],{"class":84},[52,84456,7934],{"class":88},[52,84458,318],{"class":84},[52,84460,26649],{"class":9296},[52,84462,63],{"class":62},[52,84464,3901],{"class":145},[52,84466,108],{"class":84},[52,84468,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,84470,81],{"class":80},[52,84472,3103],{"class":84},[52,84474,1930],{"class":1929},[52,84476,85],{"class":84},[52,84478,2289],{"class":88},[52,84480,3784],{"class":84},[52,84482,3998],{"class":761},[52,84484,4001],{"class":88},[52,84486,1638],{"class":761},[52,84488,6089],{"class":88},[52,84490,4009],{"class":84},[20,84492,84493],{},"These are useful for checking:",[176,84495,84496,84501,84506,84509],{},[179,84497,84498,84499],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84500,7934],{},[179,84502,79871,84503,84505],{},[15,84504,7934],{}," is a list or some other type",[179,84507,84508],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[179,84510,84511],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84513,69467,84514,84517,84518,84520],{},[15,84515,84516],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84519,7934],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[38,84522,1940],{"id":1939},[412,84524,5266,84526,5269],{"id":84525},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84527,82701],{},[20,84529,84530],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[412,84532,1958,84534,84536],{"id":84533},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84535,82701],{}," work with strings?",[20,84538,84539],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[412,84541,71766],{"id":71765},[20,84543,84544,52617,84546,84548,84549,84551],{},[15,84545,82701],{},[15,84547,40830],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84550,83056],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[412,84553,84555,84556,1993],{"id":84554},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84557,82701],{},[20,84559,154,84560,174],{},[15,84561,83609],{},[43,84563,84564],{"className":45,"code":83537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84565,84566,84598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84567,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84569,4190],{"class":58},[52,84571,63],{"class":62},[52,84573,3744],{"class":84},[52,84575,100],{"class":66},[52,84577,37173],{"class":70},[52,84579,100],{"class":66},[52,84581,318],{"class":84},[52,84583,67],{"class":66},[52,84585,68446],{"class":70},[52,84587,100],{"class":66},[52,84589,318],{"class":84},[52,84591,67],{"class":66},[52,84593,58250],{"class":70},[52,84595,100],{"class":66},[52,84597,3757],{"class":84},[52,84599,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84601,81],{"class":80},[52,84603,85],{"class":84},[52,84605,82760],{"class":80},[52,84607,85],{"class":84},[52,84609,4234],{"class":88},[52,84611,318],{"class":84},[52,84613,21705],{"class":9296},[52,84615,63],{"class":62},[52,84617,11284],{"class":80},[52,84619,108],{"class":84},[412,84621,1987,84623,342,84625,1993],{"id":84622},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84624,82701],{},[15,84626,74544],{},[20,84628,84629,84631,84632,84634],{},[15,84630,82701],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84633,74544],{}," returns all items in order.",[38,84636,2005],{"id":2004},[176,84638,84639,84645,84651,84657,84661,84665],{},[179,84640,84641],{},[289,84642,84643,3629],{"href":84352},[15,84644,84355],{},[179,84646,84647],{},[289,84648,84649,3629],{"href":74641},[15,84650,74544],{},[179,84652,84653],{},[289,84654,84655,3629],{"href":42483},[15,84656,42486],{},[179,84658,84659],{},[289,84660,59079],{"href":59078},[179,84662,84663],{},[289,84664,65960],{"href":72998},[179,84666,84667],{},[289,84668,84182],{"href":84181},[2035,84670,84671],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":84673},[84674,84675,84677,84678,84680,84682,84684,84689,84691,84699,84701,84702,84713],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":82891,"depth":77,"text":84676},"What max() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":83060,"depth":77,"text":84679},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83230,"depth":77,"text":84681},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83365,"depth":77,"text":84683},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78822,"depth":77,"text":80020,"children":84685},[84686,84687,84688],{"id":83533,"depth":111,"text":83534},{"id":83622,"depth":111,"text":83623},{"id":83704,"depth":111,"text":83705},{"id":83811,"depth":77,"text":84690},"Using the default argument",{"id":48109,"depth":77,"text":48110,"children":84692},[84693,84695,84697],{"id":83969,"depth":111,"text":84694},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84079,"depth":111,"text":84696},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84185,"depth":111,"text":84698},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84215,"depth":77,"text":84700},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":84703},[84704,84706,84708,84709,84711],{"id":84525,"depth":111,"text":84705},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84533,"depth":111,"text":84707},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71765,"depth":111,"text":71766},{"id":84554,"depth":111,"text":84710},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84622,"depth":111,"text":84712},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82693,"description":84714},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84721,"title":84722,"body":84723,"description":86677,"extension":2078,"meta":86678,"navigation":221,"path":86679,"seo":86680,"stem":86681,"__hash__":86682},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84724,"toc":86634},[84725,84730,84735,84741,84743,84817,84819,84832,84837,84842,84858,84862,84867,84943,84949,84952,84995,84997,85005,85011,85014,85045,85047,85055,85061,85066,85125,85127,85136,85139,85149,85155,85160,85195,85197,85205,85211,85217,85222,85266,85268,85277,85280,85320,85322,85331,85334,85346,85351,85356,85407,85409,85418,85421,85472,85474,85483,85486,85493,85499,85504,85506,85521,85525,85585,85587,85596,85600,85772,85774,85811,85818,85824,85827,85854,85856,85877,85882,85917,85919,85927,85930,85933,85949,85954,85956,85960,85966,85970,85997,86000,86010,86050,86054,86057,86100,86102,86111,86114,86119,86188,86190,86198,86203,86207,86210,86261,86263,86271,86274,86337,86339,86347,86350,86355,86359,86372,86379,86387,86389,86391,86421,86427,86528,86538,86540,86545,86548,86553,86556,86558,86566,86574,86582,86589,86597,86599,86631],[10,84726,3696,84728,3700],{"id":84727},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84729,84355],{},[20,84731,84732,84734],{},[15,84733,84355],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84736,84737,84738,84740],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84739,84355],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[38,84742,41],{"id":40},[43,84744,84746],{"className":45,"code":84745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84747,84748,84772,84787,84791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84749,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84751,3739],{"class":58},[52,84753,63],{"class":62},[52,84755,3744],{"class":84},[52,84757,2252],{"class":608},[52,84759,318],{"class":84},[52,84761,3111],{"class":608},[52,84763,318],{"class":84},[52,84765,54258],{"class":608},[52,84767,318],{"class":84},[52,84769,5621],{"class":608},[52,84771,3757],{"class":84},[52,84773,84774,84776,84778,84781,84783,84785],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84775,81],{"class":80},[52,84777,85],{"class":84},[52,84779,84780],{"class":80},"min",[52,84782,85],{"class":84},[52,84784,3771],{"class":88},[52,84786,108],{"class":84},[52,84788,84789],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,84790,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,84792,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813,84815],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,84794,81],{"class":80},[52,84796,85],{"class":84},[52,84798,84780],{"class":80},[52,84800,85],{"class":84},[52,84802,2252],{"class":608},[52,84804,318],{"class":84},[52,84806,3111],{"class":608},[52,84808,318],{"class":84},[52,84810,54258],{"class":608},[52,84812,318],{"class":84},[52,84814,5621],{"class":608},[52,84816,108],{"class":84},[20,84818,135],{},[43,84820,84822],{"className":45,"code":84821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n1\n",[15,84823,84824,84828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84825,84826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84827,47040],{"class":608},[52,84829,84830],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84831,47040],{"class":608},[20,84833,154,84834,84836],{},[15,84835,84355],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[38,84838,166,84840,169],{"id":84839},"what-min-does",[15,84841,84355],{},[176,84843,84844,84849,84852,84855],{},[179,84845,84846,84848],{},[15,84847,84355],{}," returns the smallest item",[179,84850,84851],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[179,84853,84854],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[179,84856,84857],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[38,84859,84861],{"id":84860},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84863,84864,84865,174],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84866,84355],{},[43,84868,84870],{"className":45,"code":84869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84871,84872,84882,84907,84925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84873,84874,84876,84878,84880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84875,84780],{"class":80},[52,84877,85],{"class":84},[52,84879,3842],{"class":88},[52,84881,329],{"class":84},[52,84883,84884,84886,84888,84891,84893,84896,84898,84901,84903,84905],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84885,84780],{"class":80},[52,84887,85],{"class":84},[52,84889,84890],{"class":88},"value1",[52,84892,318],{"class":84},[52,84894,84895],{"class":88}," value2",[52,84897,318],{"class":84},[52,84899,84900],{"class":88}," value3",[52,84902,318],{"class":84},[52,84904,34580],{"class":80},[52,84906,329],{"class":84},[52,84908,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,84910,84780],{"class":80},[52,84912,85],{"class":84},[52,84914,3842],{"class":88},[52,84916,318],{"class":84},[52,84918,21705],{"class":9296},[52,84920,63],{"class":62},[52,84922,37496],{"class":80},[52,84924,329],{"class":84},[52,84926,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,84928,84780],{"class":80},[52,84930,85],{"class":84},[52,84932,3842],{"class":88},[52,84934,318],{"class":84},[52,84936,26649],{"class":9296},[52,84938,63],{"class":62},[52,84940,37496],{"class":80},[52,84942,329],{"class":84},[412,84944,84946],{"id":84945},"miniterable",[15,84947,84948],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84950,84951],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[43,84953,84955],{"className":45,"code":84954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84956,84957,84981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84958,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84960,3739],{"class":58},[52,84962,63],{"class":62},[52,84964,3744],{"class":84},[52,84966,2463],{"class":608},[52,84968,318],{"class":84},[52,84970,609],{"class":608},[52,84972,318],{"class":84},[52,84974,31068],{"class":608},[52,84976,318],{"class":84},[52,84978,5621],{"class":608},[52,84980,3757],{"class":84},[52,84982,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,84984,81],{"class":80},[52,84986,85],{"class":84},[52,84988,84780],{"class":80},[52,84990,85],{"class":84},[52,84992,3771],{"class":88},[52,84994,108],{"class":84},[20,84996,135],{},[43,84998,84999],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85000,85001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85002,85003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85004,47040],{"class":608},[412,85006,85008],{"id":85007},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85009,85010],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85012,85013],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[43,85015,85017],{"className":45,"code":85016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85018,85019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85020,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85022,81],{"class":80},[52,85024,85],{"class":84},[52,85026,84780],{"class":80},[52,85028,85],{"class":84},[52,85030,2463],{"class":608},[52,85032,318],{"class":84},[52,85034,609],{"class":608},[52,85036,318],{"class":84},[52,85038,31068],{"class":608},[52,85040,318],{"class":84},[52,85042,5621],{"class":608},[52,85044,108],{"class":84},[20,85046,135],{},[43,85048,85049],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85050,85051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85052,85053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85054,47040],{"class":608},[412,85056,85058],{"id":85057},"miniterable-key",[15,85059,85060],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85062,154,85063,85065],{},[15,85064,14966],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[43,85067,85069],{"className":45,"code":85068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85070,85071,85103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85072,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85074,4190],{"class":58},[52,85076,63],{"class":62},[52,85078,3744],{"class":84},[52,85080,100],{"class":66},[52,85082,78864],{"class":70},[52,85084,100],{"class":66},[52,85086,318],{"class":84},[52,85088,67],{"class":66},[52,85090,38467],{"class":70},[52,85092,100],{"class":66},[52,85094,318],{"class":84},[52,85096,67],{"class":66},[52,85098,4208],{"class":70},[52,85100,100],{"class":66},[52,85102,3757],{"class":84},[52,85104,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85106,81],{"class":80},[52,85108,85],{"class":84},[52,85110,84780],{"class":80},[52,85112,85],{"class":84},[52,85114,4234],{"class":88},[52,85116,318],{"class":84},[52,85118,21705],{"class":9296},[52,85120,63],{"class":62},[52,85122,11284],{"class":80},[52,85124,108],{"class":84},[20,85126,135],{},[43,85128,85130],{"className":45,"code":85129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"kiwi\n",[15,85131,85132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85133,85134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85135,85129],{"class":58},[20,85137,85138],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85140,85141,85142,85144,85145,92],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85143,42486],{},", see the ",[289,85146,85147,3629],{"href":42483},[15,85148,42486],{},[412,85150,85152],{"id":85151},"miniterable-default",[15,85153,85154],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85156,154,85157,85159],{},[15,85158,83056],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[43,85161,85163],{"className":45,"code":85162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85164,85165,85173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85166,85167,85169,85171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85168,3739],{"class":58},[52,85170,63],{"class":62},[52,85172,7963],{"class":84},[52,85174,85175,85177,85179,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85176,81],{"class":80},[52,85178,85],{"class":84},[52,85180,84780],{"class":80},[52,85182,85],{"class":84},[52,85184,3771],{"class":88},[52,85186,318],{"class":84},[52,85188,26649],{"class":9296},[52,85190,63],{"class":62},[52,85192,2235],{"class":608},[52,85194,108],{"class":84},[20,85196,135],{},[43,85198,85199],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85200,85201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85202,85203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85204,47375],{"class":608},[20,85206,85207,85208,85210],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85209,40830],{}," when there is no item to return.",[38,85212,1828,85214,85216],{"id":85213},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85215,84355],{}," with numbers",[20,85218,85219,85221],{},[15,85220,84355],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[43,85223,85225],{"className":45,"code":85224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85226,85227,85252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85228,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85230,5187],{"class":58},[52,85232,63],{"class":62},[52,85234,3744],{"class":84},[52,85236,51628],{"class":608},[52,85238,318],{"class":84},[52,85240,85241],{"class":608}," 72",[52,85243,318],{"class":84},[52,85245,29032],{"class":608},[52,85247,318],{"class":84},[52,85249,76220],{"class":608},[52,85251,3757],{"class":84},[52,85253,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85255,81],{"class":80},[52,85257,85],{"class":84},[52,85259,84780],{"class":80},[52,85261,85],{"class":84},[52,85263,16514],{"class":88},[52,85265,108],{"class":84},[20,85267,135],{},[43,85269,85271],{"className":45,"code":85270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"60\n",[15,85272,85273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85274,85275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85276,85270],{"class":608},[20,85278,85279],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[43,85281,85283],{"className":45,"code":85282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85284,85285,85306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85286,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85300,85302,85304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85288,83168],{"class":58},[52,85290,63],{"class":62},[52,85292,3744],{"class":84},[52,85294,40524],{"class":608},[52,85296,318],{"class":84},[52,85298,85299],{"class":608}," 5.49",[52,85301,318],{"class":84},[52,85303,83184],{"class":608},[52,85305,3757],{"class":84},[52,85307,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85309,81],{"class":80},[52,85311,85],{"class":84},[52,85313,84780],{"class":80},[52,85315,85],{"class":84},[52,85317,83204],{"class":88},[52,85319,108],{"class":84},[20,85321,135],{},[43,85323,85325],{"className":45,"code":85324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.49\n",[15,85326,85327],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85328,85329],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85330,85324],{"class":608},[20,85332,85333],{},"This is useful for things like:",[176,85335,85336,85338,85340,85343],{},[179,85337,16514],{},[179,85339,83204],{},[179,85341,85342],{},"measurements",[179,85344,85345],{},"ages",[38,85347,1828,85349,47182],{"id":85348},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85350,84355],{},[20,85352,85353,85355],{},[15,85354,84355],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[43,85357,85359],{"className":45,"code":85358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85360,85361,85393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85362,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85364,4190],{"class":58},[52,85366,63],{"class":62},[52,85368,3744],{"class":84},[52,85370,100],{"class":66},[52,85372,4208],{"class":70},[52,85374,100],{"class":66},[52,85376,318],{"class":84},[52,85378,67],{"class":66},[52,85380,4199],{"class":70},[52,85382,100],{"class":66},[52,85384,318],{"class":84},[52,85386,67],{"class":66},[52,85388,4217],{"class":70},[52,85390,100],{"class":66},[52,85392,3757],{"class":84},[52,85394,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85396,81],{"class":80},[52,85398,85],{"class":84},[52,85400,84780],{"class":80},[52,85402,85],{"class":84},[52,85404,4234],{"class":88},[52,85406,108],{"class":84},[20,85408,135],{},[43,85410,85412],{"className":45,"code":85411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple\n",[15,85413,85414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85415,85416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85417,85411],{"class":58},[20,85419,85420],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[43,85422,85424],{"className":45,"code":85423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85425,85426,85458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85427,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85429,4190],{"class":58},[52,85431,63],{"class":62},[52,85433,3744],{"class":84},[52,85435,100],{"class":66},[52,85437,4208],{"class":70},[52,85439,100],{"class":66},[52,85441,318],{"class":84},[52,85443,67],{"class":66},[52,85445,57891],{"class":70},[52,85447,100],{"class":66},[52,85449,318],{"class":84},[52,85451,67],{"class":66},[52,85453,4217],{"class":70},[52,85455,100],{"class":66},[52,85457,3757],{"class":84},[52,85459,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85461,81],{"class":80},[52,85463,85],{"class":84},[52,85465,84780],{"class":80},[52,85467,85],{"class":84},[52,85469,4234],{"class":88},[52,85471,108],{"class":84},[20,85473,135],{},[43,85475,85477],{"className":45,"code":85476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\n",[15,85478,85479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85480,85481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85482,85476],{"class":58},[20,85484,85485],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85487,85488,85489,92],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[289,85490,85491,5906],{"href":74641},[15,85492,74544],{},[38,85494,1828,85496,85498],{"id":85495},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85497,84355],{}," with a key function",[20,85500,2095,85501,85503],{},[15,85502,14966],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85505,11580],{},[176,85507,85508,85513,85518],{},[179,85509,85510,85512],{},[15,85511,14966],{}," changes the comparison rule",[179,85514,85515,85517],{},[15,85516,84355],{}," still returns the original item",[179,85519,85520],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[412,85522,85524],{"id":85523},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[43,85526,85528],{"className":45,"code":85527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85529,85530,85563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85531,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85559,85561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85533,4190],{"class":58},[52,85535,63],{"class":62},[52,85537,3744],{"class":84},[52,85539,100],{"class":66},[52,85541,68446],{"class":70},[52,85543,100],{"class":66},[52,85545,318],{"class":84},[52,85547,67],{"class":66},[52,85549,37173],{"class":70},[52,85551,100],{"class":66},[52,85553,318],{"class":84},[52,85555,67],{"class":66},[52,85557,85558],{"class":70},"giraffe",[52,85560,100],{"class":66},[52,85562,3757],{"class":84},[52,85564,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85566,81],{"class":80},[52,85568,85],{"class":84},[52,85570,84780],{"class":80},[52,85572,85],{"class":84},[52,85574,4234],{"class":88},[52,85576,318],{"class":84},[52,85578,21705],{"class":9296},[52,85580,63],{"class":62},[52,85582,11284],{"class":80},[52,85584,108],{"class":84},[20,85586,135],{},[43,85588,85590],{"className":45,"code":85589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat\n",[15,85591,85592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85593,85594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85595,85589],{"class":58},[412,85597,85599],{"id":85598},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[43,85601,85603],{"className":45,"code":85602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85604,85605,85615,85650,85682,85714,85718,85722,85761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85606,85607,85610,85612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85608,85609],{"class":58},"students ",[52,85611,63],{"class":62},[52,85613,85614],{"class":84}," [\n",[52,85616,85617,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85641,85643,85645,85647],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85618,85619],{"class":84},"    {",[52,85621,100],{"class":66},[52,85623,459],{"class":70},[52,85625,100],{"class":66},[52,85627,174],{"class":84},[52,85629,67],{"class":66},[52,85631,13003],{"class":70},[52,85633,100],{"class":66},[52,85635,318],{"class":84},[52,85637,67],{"class":66},[52,85639,85640],{"class":70},"score",[52,85642,100],{"class":66},[52,85644,174],{"class":84},[52,85646,13631],{"class":608},[52,85648,85649],{"class":84},"},\n",[52,85651,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,85653,85619],{"class":84},[52,85655,100],{"class":66},[52,85657,459],{"class":70},[52,85659,100],{"class":66},[52,85661,174],{"class":84},[52,85663,67],{"class":66},[52,85665,36067],{"class":70},[52,85667,100],{"class":66},[52,85669,318],{"class":84},[52,85671,67],{"class":66},[52,85673,85640],{"class":70},[52,85675,100],{"class":66},[52,85677,174],{"class":84},[52,85679,85241],{"class":608},[52,85681,85649],{"class":84},[52,85683,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,85685,85619],{"class":84},[52,85687,100],{"class":66},[52,85689,459],{"class":70},[52,85691,100],{"class":66},[52,85693,174],{"class":84},[52,85695,67],{"class":66},[52,85697,36076],{"class":70},[52,85699,100],{"class":66},[52,85701,318],{"class":84},[52,85703,67],{"class":66},[52,85705,85640],{"class":70},[52,85707,100],{"class":66},[52,85709,174],{"class":84},[52,85711,20024],{"class":608},[52,85713,9429],{"class":84},[52,85715,85716],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,85717,3757],{"class":84},[52,85719,85720],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,85721,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,85723,85724,85727,85729,85732,85734,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,85725,85726],{"class":58},"lowest ",[52,85728,63],{"class":62},[52,85730,85731],{"class":80}," min",[52,85733,85],{"class":84},[52,85735,85736],{"class":88},"students",[52,85738,318],{"class":84},[52,85740,21705],{"class":9296},[52,85742,63],{"class":62},[52,85744,37785],{"class":2180},[52,85746,13029],{"class":37788},[52,85748,174],{"class":84},[52,85750,13029],{"class":88},[52,85752,4021],{"class":84},[52,85754,100],{"class":66},[52,85756,85640],{"class":70},[52,85758,100],{"class":66},[52,85760,4009],{"class":84},[52,85762,85763,85765,85767,85770],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,85764,81],{"class":80},[52,85766,85],{"class":84},[52,85768,85769],{"class":88},"lowest",[52,85771,329],{"class":84},[20,85773,135],{},[43,85775,85777],{"className":45,"code":85776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85778,85779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85780,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85782,9398],{"class":84},[52,85784,1888],{"class":66},[52,85786,459],{"class":70},[52,85788,1888],{"class":66},[52,85790,174],{"class":84},[52,85792,3416],{"class":66},[52,85794,36067],{"class":70},[52,85796,1888],{"class":66},[52,85798,318],{"class":84},[52,85800,3416],{"class":66},[52,85802,85640],{"class":70},[52,85804,1888],{"class":66},[52,85806,174],{"class":84},[52,85808,85241],{"class":608},[52,85810,9429],{"class":84},[20,85812,85813,85814,85817],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85815,85816],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[38,85819,1828,85821,85823],{"id":85820},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85822,83056],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85825,85826],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[43,85828,85830],{"className":45,"code":85829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85831,85832,85840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85833,85834,85836,85838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85835,3739],{"class":58},[52,85837,63],{"class":62},[52,85839,7963],{"class":84},[52,85841,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85843,81],{"class":80},[52,85845,85],{"class":84},[52,85847,84780],{"class":80},[52,85849,85],{"class":84},[52,85851,3771],{"class":88},[52,85853,108],{"class":84},[20,85855,135],{},[43,85857,85859],{"className":45,"code":85858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85860,85861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85862,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85864,40830],{"class":1929},[52,85866,174],{"class":84},[52,85868,85731],{"class":80},[52,85870,7489],{"class":84},[52,85872,84026],{"class":58},[52,85874,835],{"class":62},[52,85876,84031],{"class":58},[20,85878,85879,85880,174],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85881,83056],{},[43,85883,85885],{"className":45,"code":85884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85886,85887,85895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85888,85889,85891,85893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85890,3739],{"class":58},[52,85892,63],{"class":62},[52,85894,7963],{"class":84},[52,85896,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85898,81],{"class":80},[52,85900,85],{"class":84},[52,85902,84780],{"class":80},[52,85904,85],{"class":84},[52,85906,3771],{"class":88},[52,85908,318],{"class":84},[52,85910,26649],{"class":9296},[52,85912,63],{"class":62},[52,85914,3901],{"class":145},[52,85916,108],{"class":84},[20,85918,135],{},[43,85920,85921],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85922,85923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85924,85925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85926,11931],{"class":145},[20,85928,85929],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85931,85932],{},"Remember:",[176,85934,85935,85943],{},[179,85936,85937,85939,85940,85942],{},[15,85938,83056],{}," works only when ",[15,85941,84355],{}," gets one iterable argument",[179,85944,85945,85946],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85947,85948],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85950,85951,85952,92],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[289,85953,65960],{"href":72998},[38,85955,10866],{"id":10865},[20,85957,56898,85958,92],{},[15,85959,84355],{},[412,85961,85963,85964],{"id":85962},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85965,83056],{},[20,85967,3121,85968,174],{},[15,85969,40830],{},[43,85971,85973],{"className":45,"code":85972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85974,85975,85983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85976,85977,85979,85981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85978,7903],{"class":58},[52,85980,63],{"class":62},[52,85982,7963],{"class":84},[52,85984,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,85986,81],{"class":80},[52,85988,85],{"class":84},[52,85990,84780],{"class":80},[52,85992,85],{"class":84},[52,85994,7934],{"class":88},[52,85996,108],{"class":84},[20,85998,85999],{},"Fix it by:",[176,86001,86002,86005],{},[179,86003,86004],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[179,86006,86007,86008],{},"or using ",[15,86009,83056],{},[43,86011,86013],{"className":45,"code":86012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86014,86015,86023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86016,86017,86019,86021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86018,7903],{"class":58},[52,86020,63],{"class":62},[52,86022,7963],{"class":84},[52,86024,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86046,86048],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86026,81],{"class":80},[52,86028,85],{"class":84},[52,86030,84780],{"class":80},[52,86032,85],{"class":84},[52,86034,7934],{"class":88},[52,86036,318],{"class":84},[52,86038,26649],{"class":9296},[52,86040,63],{"class":62},[52,86042,100],{"class":66},[52,86044,86045],{"class":70},"no items",[52,86047,100],{"class":66},[52,86049,108],{"class":84},[412,86051,86053],{"id":86052},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86055,86056],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[43,86058,86060],{"className":45,"code":86059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86061,86062,86086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86063,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86065,9286],{"class":58},[52,86067,63],{"class":62},[52,86069,3744],{"class":84},[52,86071,2448],{"class":608},[52,86073,318],{"class":84},[52,86075,67],{"class":66},[52,86077,15879],{"class":70},[52,86079,100],{"class":66},[52,86081,318],{"class":84},[52,86083,4726],{"class":608},[52,86085,3757],{"class":84},[52,86087,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86089,81],{"class":80},[52,86091,85],{"class":84},[52,86093,84780],{"class":80},[52,86095,85],{"class":84},[52,86097,9325],{"class":88},[52,86099,108],{"class":84},[20,86101,135],{},[43,86103,86105],{"className":45,"code":86104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError\n",[15,86106,86107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86108,86109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86110,86104],{"class":1929},[20,86112,86113],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86115,86116,86117,92],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86118,84355],{},[43,86120,86122],{"className":45,"code":86121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86123,86124,86148,86174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86125,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86127,9286],{"class":58},[52,86129,63],{"class":62},[52,86131,3744],{"class":84},[52,86133,2448],{"class":608},[52,86135,318],{"class":84},[52,86137,67],{"class":66},[52,86139,15879],{"class":70},[52,86141,100],{"class":66},[52,86143,318],{"class":84},[52,86145,4726],{"class":608},[52,86147,3757],{"class":84},[52,86149,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86151,3739],{"class":58},[52,86153,63],{"class":62},[52,86155,3744],{"class":84},[52,86157,2304],{"class":1929},[52,86159,85],{"class":84},[52,86161,2289],{"class":88},[52,86163,3784],{"class":84},[52,86165,3998],{"class":761},[52,86167,4001],{"class":58},[52,86169,1638],{"class":761},[52,86171,14691],{"class":58},[52,86173,3757],{"class":84},[52,86175,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,86177,81],{"class":80},[52,86179,85],{"class":84},[52,86181,84780],{"class":80},[52,86183,85],{"class":84},[52,86185,3771],{"class":88},[52,86187,108],{"class":84},[20,86189,135],{},[43,86191,86192],{"className":45,"code":3064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86193,86194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86195,86196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86197,3064],{"class":608},[20,86199,86200,86201,92],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86202,3124],{},[412,86204,86206],{"id":86205},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86208,86209],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[43,86211,86213],{"className":45,"code":86212,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86214,86215,86247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86216,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86218,4190],{"class":58},[52,86220,63],{"class":62},[52,86222,3744],{"class":84},[52,86224,100],{"class":66},[52,86226,79680],{"class":70},[52,86228,100],{"class":66},[52,86230,318],{"class":84},[52,86232,67],{"class":66},[52,86234,57891],{"class":70},[52,86236,100],{"class":66},[52,86238,318],{"class":84},[52,86240,67],{"class":66},[52,86242,79697],{"class":70},[52,86244,100],{"class":66},[52,86246,3757],{"class":84},[52,86248,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86250,81],{"class":80},[52,86252,85],{"class":84},[52,86254,84780],{"class":80},[52,86256,85],{"class":84},[52,86258,4234],{"class":88},[52,86260,108],{"class":84},[20,86262,135],{},[43,86264,86265],{"className":45,"code":85476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86266,86267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86268,86269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86270,85476],{"class":58},[20,86272,86273],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[43,86275,86277],{"className":45,"code":86276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86278,86279,86311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86280,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86282,4190],{"class":58},[52,86284,63],{"class":62},[52,86286,3744],{"class":84},[52,86288,100],{"class":66},[52,86290,79680],{"class":70},[52,86292,100],{"class":66},[52,86294,318],{"class":84},[52,86296,67],{"class":66},[52,86298,57891],{"class":70},[52,86300,100],{"class":66},[52,86302,318],{"class":84},[52,86304,67],{"class":66},[52,86306,79697],{"class":70},[52,86308,100],{"class":66},[52,86310,3757],{"class":84},[52,86312,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86314,81],{"class":80},[52,86316,85],{"class":84},[52,86318,84780],{"class":80},[52,86320,85],{"class":84},[52,86322,4234],{"class":88},[52,86324,318],{"class":84},[52,86326,21705],{"class":9296},[52,86328,63],{"class":62},[52,86330,3563],{"class":1929},[52,86332,92],{"class":84},[52,86334,1238],{"class":1803},[52,86336,108],{"class":84},[20,86338,135],{},[43,86340,86341],{"className":45,"code":85476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86342,86343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86344,86345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86346,85476],{"class":58},[20,86348,86349],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[38,86351,5084,86353],{"id":86352},"when-to-use-min",[15,86354,84355],{},[20,86356,154,86357,10723],{},[15,86358,84355],{},[176,86360,86361,86364,86369],{},[179,86362,86363],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[179,86365,86366,86367],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86368,14966],{},[179,86370,86371],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86373,154,86374,86378],{},[289,86375,86376],{"href":74641},[15,86377,74544],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86380,154,86381,86386],{},[289,86382,86384],{"href":86383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86385,82701],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[38,86388,1445],{"id":1444},[20,86390,84360],{},[176,86392,86393,86401,86404,86409,86416],{},[179,86394,86395,86396,86398,86399],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86397,84355],{}," without using ",[15,86400,83056],{},[179,86402,86403],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[179,86405,1725,86406,86408],{},[15,86407,84355],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[179,86410,4826,86411,86413,86414,85517],{},[15,86412,14966],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86415,84355],{},[179,86417,1828,86418,86420],{},[15,86419,83056],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86422,86423,86424,86426],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86425,84355],{},", these quick checks can help:",[43,86428,86430],{"className":45,"code":86429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86431,86432,86446,86456,86470,86484,86506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86433,86434,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86435,81],{"class":80},[52,86437,85],{"class":84},[52,86439,1930],{"class":1929},[52,86441,85],{"class":84},[52,86443,9325],{"class":88},[52,86445,108],{"class":84},[52,86447,86448,86450,86452,86454],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86449,81],{"class":80},[52,86451,85],{"class":84},[52,86453,9325],{"class":88},[52,86455,329],{"class":84},[52,86457,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,86459,81],{"class":80},[52,86461,85],{"class":84},[52,86463,11284],{"class":80},[52,86465,85],{"class":84},[52,86467,9325],{"class":88},[52,86469,108],{"class":84},[52,86471,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,86473,81],{"class":80},[52,86475,85],{"class":84},[52,86477,84780],{"class":80},[52,86479,85],{"class":84},[52,86481,9325],{"class":88},[52,86483,108],{"class":84},[52,86485,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,86487,81],{"class":80},[52,86489,85],{"class":84},[52,86491,84780],{"class":80},[52,86493,85],{"class":84},[52,86495,9325],{"class":88},[52,86497,318],{"class":84},[52,86499,26649],{"class":9296},[52,86501,63],{"class":62},[52,86503,3901],{"class":145},[52,86505,108],{"class":84},[52,86507,86508,86510,86512,86514,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,86509,81],{"class":80},[52,86511,85],{"class":84},[52,86513,84780],{"class":80},[52,86515,85],{"class":84},[52,86517,4234],{"class":88},[52,86519,318],{"class":84},[52,86521,21705],{"class":9296},[52,86523,63],{"class":62},[52,86525,11284],{"class":80},[52,86527,108],{"class":84},[20,86529,86530,86531,86534,86535,86537],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86532,86533],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86536,9325],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[38,86539,1940],{"id":1939},[412,86541,5266,86543,5269],{"id":86542},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86544,84355],{},[20,86546,86547],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[412,86549,1958,86551,84536],{"id":86550},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86552,84355],{},[20,86554,86555],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[412,86557,71766],{"id":71765},[20,86559,86560,52617,86562,84548,86564,36747],{},[15,86561,84355],{},[15,86563,40830],{},[15,86565,83056],{},[412,86567,5266,86569,86571,86572,1993],{"id":86568},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86570,14966],{}," do in ",[15,86573,84355],{},[20,86575,86576,86578,86579,86581],{},[15,86577,14966],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86580,83609],{}," compares strings by length.",[412,86583,1987,86585,342,86587,1993],{"id":86584},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86586,84355],{},[15,86588,74544],{},[20,86590,86591,86593,86594,86596],{},[15,86592,84355],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86595,74544],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[38,86598,2005],{"id":2004},[176,86600,86601,86607,86613,86619,86623,86627],{},[179,86602,86603],{},[289,86604,86605,3629],{"href":86383},[15,86606,82701],{},[179,86608,86609],{},[289,86610,86611,3629],{"href":74641},[15,86612,74544],{},[179,86614,86615],{},[289,86616,86617,3629],{"href":42483},[15,86618,42486],{},[179,86620,86621],{},[289,86622,79993],{"href":78496},[179,86624,86625],{},[289,86626,59079],{"href":59078},[179,86628,86629],{},[289,86630,65960],{"href":72998},[2035,86632,86633],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":86635},[86636,86637,86639,86645,86647,86649,86654,86656,86662,86664,86665,86676],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":84839,"depth":77,"text":86638},"What min() does",{"id":84860,"depth":77,"text":84861,"children":86640},[86641,86642,86643,86644],{"id":84945,"depth":111,"text":84948},{"id":85007,"depth":111,"text":85010},{"id":85057,"depth":111,"text":85060},{"id":85151,"depth":111,"text":85154},{"id":85213,"depth":77,"text":86646},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85348,"depth":77,"text":86648},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85495,"depth":77,"text":86650,"children":86651},"Using min() with a key function",[86652,86653],{"id":85523,"depth":111,"text":85524},{"id":85598,"depth":111,"text":85599},{"id":85820,"depth":77,"text":86655},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10865,"depth":77,"text":10866,"children":86657},[86658,86660,86661],{"id":85962,"depth":111,"text":86659},"Empty list without default",{"id":86052,"depth":111,"text":86053},{"id":86205,"depth":111,"text":86206},{"id":86352,"depth":77,"text":86663},"When to use min()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":86666},[86667,86669,86671,86672,86674],{"id":86542,"depth":111,"text":86668},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86550,"depth":111,"text":86670},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71765,"depth":111,"text":71766},{"id":86568,"depth":111,"text":86673},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86584,"depth":111,"text":86675},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84722,"description":86677},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86684,"title":86685,"body":86686,"description":88862,"extension":2078,"meta":88863,"navigation":221,"path":88864,"seo":88865,"stem":88866,"__hash__":88867},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86687,"toc":88826},[86688,86691,86697,86703,86705,86784,86793,86797,86802,86804,86849,86851,86931,86937,86939,86942,86974,86976,86994,86996,87068,87070,87089,87093,87096,87132,87134,87201,87275,87348,87353,87357,87363,87366,87383,87386,87388,87449,87451,87471,87477,87481,87484,87554,87557,87576,87581,87657,87660,87664,87670,87674,87679,87749,87753,87758,87832,87836,87839,87914,87925,87929,87934,88024,88029,88097,88100,88119,88130,88134,88137,88142,88145,88207,88210,88221,88226,88229,88232,88237,88240,88243,88247,88250,88256,88259,88270,88272,88334,88349,88355,88358,88361,88372,88383,88389,88392,88394,88456,88466,88472,88477,88483,88487,88493,88496,88517,88519,88524,88551,88554,88581,88584,88623,88626,88664,88667,88728,88731,88733,88737,88740,88744,88750,88758,88766,88770,88773,88777,88783,88785,88823],[10,86689,86685],{"id":86690},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86692,86693,86696],{},[15,86694,86695],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86698,86699,86700,86702],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86701,86695],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[38,86704,41],{"id":40},[43,86706,86708],{"className":45,"code":86707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86709,86710,86757,86773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86711,86712,86715,86718,86720,86722,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86740,86742,86744,86747,86749,86751,86753,86755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86713,86714],{"class":761},"with",[52,86716,86717],{"class":80}," open",[52,86719,85],{"class":84},[52,86721,100],{"class":66},[52,86723,86724],{"class":70},"example.txt",[52,86726,100],{"class":66},[52,86728,318],{"class":84},[52,86730,67],{"class":66},[52,86732,60628],{"class":70},[52,86734,100],{"class":66},[52,86736,318],{"class":84},[52,86738,86739],{"class":9296}," encoding",[52,86741,63],{"class":62},[52,86743,100],{"class":66},[52,86745,86746],{"class":70},"utf-8",[52,86748,100],{"class":66},[52,86750,3784],{"class":84},[52,86752,47481],{"class":761},[52,86754,846],{"class":845},[52,86756,804],{"class":84},[52,86758,86759,86762,86764,86766,86768,86771],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86760,86761],{"class":58},"    content ",[52,86763,63],{"class":62},[52,86765,846],{"class":845},[52,86767,92],{"class":84},[52,86769,86770],{"class":88},"read",[52,86772,8763],{"class":84},[52,86774,86775,86777,86779,86782],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,86776,784],{"class":80},[52,86778,85],{"class":84},[52,86780,86781],{"class":88},"content",[52,86783,329],{"class":84},[20,86785,154,86786,86788,86789,86792],{},[15,86787,86714],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86790,86791],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[38,86794,86796],{"id":86795},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86798,86799,86801],{},[15,86800,86695],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86803,11580],{},[176,86805,86806,86809,86814,86819],{},[179,86807,86808],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[179,86810,41032,86811,86813],{},[3865,86812,4752],{}," read or write anything by itself",[179,86815,17546,86816],{},[3865,86817,86818],{},"file object",[179,86820,86821,86822],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[176,86823,86824,86829,86834,86839,86844],{},[179,86825,86826],{},[15,86827,86828],{},"read()",[179,86830,86831],{},[15,86832,86833],{},"readline()",[179,86835,86836],{},[15,86837,86838],{},"readlines()",[179,86840,86841],{},[15,86842,86843],{},"write()",[179,86845,86846],{},[15,86847,86848],{},"close()",[20,86850,197],{},[43,86852,86854],{"className":45,"code":86853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86855,86856,86895,86910,86920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86857,86858,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86859,86860],{"class":845},"file",[52,86862,13400],{"class":62},[52,86864,86717],{"class":80},[52,86866,85],{"class":84},[52,86868,100],{"class":66},[52,86870,86724],{"class":70},[52,86872,100],{"class":66},[52,86874,318],{"class":84},[52,86876,67],{"class":66},[52,86878,60628],{"class":70},[52,86880,100],{"class":66},[52,86882,318],{"class":84},[52,86884,86739],{"class":9296},[52,86886,63],{"class":62},[52,86888,100],{"class":66},[52,86890,86746],{"class":70},[52,86892,100],{"class":66},[52,86894,329],{"class":84},[52,86896,86897,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,86898,86899],{"class":58},"content ",[52,86901,63],{"class":62},[52,86903,846],{"class":845},[52,86905,92],{"class":84},[52,86907,86770],{"class":88},[52,86909,8763],{"class":84},[52,86911,86912,86914,86916,86918],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,86913,81],{"class":80},[52,86915,85],{"class":84},[52,86917,86781],{"class":88},[52,86919,329],{"class":84},[52,86921,86922,86924,86926,86929],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,86923,86860],{"class":845},[52,86925,92],{"class":84},[52,86927,86928],{"class":88},"close",[52,86930,8763],{"class":84},[20,86932,86933,86934,86936],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86935,86714],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[38,86938,296],{"id":295},[20,86940,86941],{},"A common form is:",[43,86943,86945],{"className":45,"code":86944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86946,86947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86948,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86950,42552],{"class":80},[52,86952,85],{"class":84},[52,86954,86860],{"class":845},[52,86956,318],{"class":84},[52,86958,86959],{"class":88}," mode",[52,86961,318],{"class":84},[52,86963,86739],{"class":9296},[52,86965,63],{"class":62},[52,86967,100],{"class":66},[52,86969,86746],{"class":70},[52,86971,100],{"class":66},[52,86973,329],{"class":84},[20,86975,65166],{},[176,86977,86978,86983,86988],{},[179,86979,86980,86982],{},[15,86981,86860],{}," is the file name or file path",[179,86984,86985,86987],{},[15,86986,21045],{}," controls how the file is opened",[179,86989,86990,86993],{},[15,86991,86992],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86995,197],{},[43,86997,86999],{"className":45,"code":86998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87000,87001,87043,87058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87002,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87004,86714],{"class":761},[52,87006,86717],{"class":80},[52,87008,85],{"class":84},[52,87010,100],{"class":66},[52,87012,372],{"class":70},[52,87014,100],{"class":66},[52,87016,318],{"class":84},[52,87018,67],{"class":66},[52,87020,60628],{"class":70},[52,87022,100],{"class":66},[52,87024,318],{"class":84},[52,87026,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87028,63],{"class":62},[52,87030,100],{"class":66},[52,87032,86746],{"class":70},[52,87034,100],{"class":66},[52,87036,3784],{"class":84},[52,87038,47481],{"class":761},[52,87040,846],{"class":845},[52,87042,804],{"class":84},[52,87044,87045,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87046,87047],{"class":58},"    text ",[52,87049,63],{"class":62},[52,87051,846],{"class":845},[52,87053,92],{"class":84},[52,87055,86770],{"class":88},[52,87057,8763],{"class":84},[52,87059,87060,87062,87064,87066],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87061,784],{"class":80},[52,87063,85],{"class":84},[52,87065,231],{"class":88},[52,87067,329],{"class":84},[20,87069,20083],{},[176,87071,87072,87078,87083],{},[179,87073,87074,87077],{},[15,87075,87076],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[179,87079,87080,87082],{},[15,87081,86791],{}," means open for reading",[179,87084,87085,87088],{},[15,87086,87087],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[38,87090,87092],{"id":87091},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87094,87095],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[176,87097,87098,87103,87109,87114,87120,87126],{},[179,87099,87100,87102],{},[15,87101,86791],{}," = read a text file",[179,87104,87105,87108],{},[15,87106,87107],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[179,87110,87111,87113],{},[15,87112,18221],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[179,87115,87116,87119],{},[15,87117,87118],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[179,87121,87122,87125],{},[15,87123,87124],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[179,87127,87128,87131],{},[15,87129,87130],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87133,2241],{},[43,87135,87137],{"className":45,"code":87136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87138,87139,87144,87187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87140,87141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87142,87143],{"class":1479},"# Read a text file\n",[52,87145,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87147,86714],{"class":761},[52,87149,86717],{"class":80},[52,87151,85],{"class":84},[52,87153,100],{"class":66},[52,87155,87156],{"class":70},"data.txt",[52,87158,100],{"class":66},[52,87160,318],{"class":84},[52,87162,67],{"class":66},[52,87164,60628],{"class":70},[52,87166,100],{"class":66},[52,87168,318],{"class":84},[52,87170,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87172,63],{"class":62},[52,87174,100],{"class":66},[52,87176,86746],{"class":70},[52,87178,100],{"class":66},[52,87180,3784],{"class":84},[52,87182,47481],{"class":761},[52,87184,846],{"class":845},[52,87186,804],{"class":84},[52,87188,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87190,784],{"class":80},[52,87192,85],{"class":84},[52,87194,86860],{"class":845},[52,87196,92],{"class":84},[52,87198,86770],{"class":88},[52,87200,7317],{"class":84},[43,87202,87204],{"className":45,"code":87203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87205,87206,87211,87253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87207,87208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87209,87210],{"class":1479},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[52,87212,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87214,86714],{"class":761},[52,87216,86717],{"class":80},[52,87218,85],{"class":84},[52,87220,100],{"class":66},[52,87222,87156],{"class":70},[52,87224,100],{"class":66},[52,87226,318],{"class":84},[52,87228,67],{"class":66},[52,87230,60611],{"class":70},[52,87232,100],{"class":66},[52,87234,318],{"class":84},[52,87236,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87238,63],{"class":62},[52,87240,100],{"class":66},[52,87242,86746],{"class":70},[52,87244,100],{"class":66},[52,87246,3784],{"class":84},[52,87248,47481],{"class":761},[52,87250,846],{"class":845},[52,87252,804],{"class":84},[52,87254,87255,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87271,87273],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87256,87257],{"class":845},"    file",[52,87259,92],{"class":84},[52,87261,70315],{"class":88},[52,87263,85],{"class":84},[52,87265,100],{"class":66},[52,87267,34992],{"class":70},[52,87269,87270],{"class":841},"\\n",[52,87272,100],{"class":66},[52,87274,329],{"class":84},[43,87276,87278],{"className":45,"code":87277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87279,87280,87285,87327],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87281,87282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87283,87284],{"class":1479},"# Append to a text file\n",[52,87286,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87288,86714],{"class":761},[52,87290,86717],{"class":80},[52,87292,85],{"class":84},[52,87294,100],{"class":66},[52,87296,87156],{"class":70},[52,87298,100],{"class":66},[52,87300,318],{"class":84},[52,87302,67],{"class":66},[52,87304,289],{"class":70},[52,87306,100],{"class":66},[52,87308,318],{"class":84},[52,87310,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87312,63],{"class":62},[52,87314,100],{"class":66},[52,87316,86746],{"class":70},[52,87318,100],{"class":66},[52,87320,3784],{"class":84},[52,87322,47481],{"class":761},[52,87324,846],{"class":845},[52,87326,804],{"class":84},[52,87328,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87342,87344,87346],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87330,87257],{"class":845},[52,87332,92],{"class":84},[52,87334,70315],{"class":88},[52,87336,85],{"class":84},[52,87338,100],{"class":66},[52,87340,87341],{"class":70},"Another line",[52,87343,87270],{"class":841},[52,87345,100],{"class":66},[52,87347,329],{"class":84},[20,87349,69467,87350,87352],{},[15,87351,87107],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[38,87354,87356],{"id":87355},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87358,87359,22101,87361,92],{},[15,87360,86695],{},[3865,87362,86818],{},[20,87364,87365],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[176,87367,87368,87373,87378],{},[179,87369,87370],{},[15,87371,87372],{},"file.read()",[179,87374,87375],{},[15,87376,87377],{},"file.write()",[179,87379,87380],{},[15,87381,87382],{},"file.close()",[20,87384,87385],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87387,197],{},[43,87389,87391],{"className":45,"code":87390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87392,87393,87435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87394,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87396,86714],{"class":761},[52,87398,86717],{"class":80},[52,87400,85],{"class":84},[52,87402,100],{"class":66},[52,87404,86724],{"class":70},[52,87406,100],{"class":66},[52,87408,318],{"class":84},[52,87410,67],{"class":66},[52,87412,60628],{"class":70},[52,87414,100],{"class":66},[52,87416,318],{"class":84},[52,87418,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87420,63],{"class":62},[52,87422,100],{"class":66},[52,87424,86746],{"class":70},[52,87426,100],{"class":66},[52,87428,3784],{"class":84},[52,87430,47481],{"class":761},[52,87432,846],{"class":845},[52,87434,804],{"class":84},[52,87436,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87438,784],{"class":80},[52,87440,85],{"class":84},[52,87442,1930],{"class":1929},[52,87444,85],{"class":84},[52,87446,86860],{"class":845},[52,87448,108],{"class":84},[20,87450,30156],{},[43,87452,87454],{"className":45,"code":87453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87455,87456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87457,87458,87460,87462,87464,87467,87469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87459,3410],{"class":62},[52,87461,3413],{"class":2180},[52,87463,3416],{"class":66},[52,87465,87466],{"class":70},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[52,87468,1888],{"class":66},[52,87470,3423],{"class":62},[20,87472,87473,87474,87476],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87475,86695],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[38,87478,87480],{"id":87479},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87482,87483],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[43,87485,87486],{"className":45,"code":86707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87487,87488,87530,87544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87489,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87491,86714],{"class":761},[52,87493,86717],{"class":80},[52,87495,85],{"class":84},[52,87497,100],{"class":66},[52,87499,86724],{"class":70},[52,87501,100],{"class":66},[52,87503,318],{"class":84},[52,87505,67],{"class":66},[52,87507,60628],{"class":70},[52,87509,100],{"class":66},[52,87511,318],{"class":84},[52,87513,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87515,63],{"class":62},[52,87517,100],{"class":66},[52,87519,86746],{"class":70},[52,87521,100],{"class":66},[52,87523,3784],{"class":84},[52,87525,47481],{"class":761},[52,87527,846],{"class":845},[52,87529,804],{"class":84},[52,87531,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87533,86761],{"class":58},[52,87535,63],{"class":62},[52,87537,846],{"class":845},[52,87539,92],{"class":84},[52,87541,86770],{"class":88},[52,87543,8763],{"class":84},[52,87545,87546,87548,87550,87552],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87547,784],{"class":80},[52,87549,85],{"class":84},[52,87551,86781],{"class":88},[52,87553,329],{"class":84},[20,87555,87556],{},"Why this is recommended:",[176,87558,87559,87564,87570,87573],{},[179,87560,87561,87563],{},[15,87562,86714],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[179,87565,87566,87567,87569],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87568,86848],{}," yourself",[179,87571,87572],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[179,87574,87575],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87577,83872,87578,87580],{},[15,87579,86714],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[43,87582,87583],{"className":45,"code":86853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87584,87585,87623,87637,87647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87586,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87588,86860],{"class":845},[52,87590,13400],{"class":62},[52,87592,86717],{"class":80},[52,87594,85],{"class":84},[52,87596,100],{"class":66},[52,87598,86724],{"class":70},[52,87600,100],{"class":66},[52,87602,318],{"class":84},[52,87604,67],{"class":66},[52,87606,60628],{"class":70},[52,87608,100],{"class":66},[52,87610,318],{"class":84},[52,87612,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87614,63],{"class":62},[52,87616,100],{"class":66},[52,87618,86746],{"class":70},[52,87620,100],{"class":66},[52,87622,329],{"class":84},[52,87624,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87626,86899],{"class":58},[52,87628,63],{"class":62},[52,87630,846],{"class":845},[52,87632,92],{"class":84},[52,87634,86770],{"class":88},[52,87636,8763],{"class":84},[52,87638,87639,87641,87643,87645],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87640,81],{"class":80},[52,87642,85],{"class":84},[52,87644,86781],{"class":88},[52,87646,329],{"class":84},[52,87648,87649,87651,87653,87655],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,87650,86860],{"class":845},[52,87652,92],{"class":84},[52,87654,86928],{"class":88},[52,87656,8763],{"class":84},[20,87658,87659],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[38,87661,87663],{"id":87662},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87665,87666,87667,87669],{},"Use mode ",[15,87668,86791],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[412,87671,87673],{"id":87672},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87675,87676,87678],{},[15,87677,86828],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[43,87680,87681],{"className":45,"code":86707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87682,87683,87725,87739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87684,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87686,86714],{"class":761},[52,87688,86717],{"class":80},[52,87690,85],{"class":84},[52,87692,100],{"class":66},[52,87694,86724],{"class":70},[52,87696,100],{"class":66},[52,87698,318],{"class":84},[52,87700,67],{"class":66},[52,87702,60628],{"class":70},[52,87704,100],{"class":66},[52,87706,318],{"class":84},[52,87708,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87710,63],{"class":62},[52,87712,100],{"class":66},[52,87714,86746],{"class":70},[52,87716,100],{"class":66},[52,87718,3784],{"class":84},[52,87720,47481],{"class":761},[52,87722,846],{"class":845},[52,87724,804],{"class":84},[52,87726,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87728,86761],{"class":58},[52,87730,63],{"class":62},[52,87732,846],{"class":845},[52,87734,92],{"class":84},[52,87736,86770],{"class":88},[52,87738,8763],{"class":84},[52,87740,87741,87743,87745,87747],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87742,784],{"class":80},[52,87744,85],{"class":84},[52,87746,86781],{"class":88},[52,87748,329],{"class":84},[412,87750,87752],{"id":87751},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87754,87755,87757],{},[15,87756,86833],{}," reads one line at a time.",[43,87759,87761],{"className":45,"code":87760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87762,87763,87805,87821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87764,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87766,86714],{"class":761},[52,87768,86717],{"class":80},[52,87770,85],{"class":84},[52,87772,100],{"class":66},[52,87774,86724],{"class":70},[52,87776,100],{"class":66},[52,87778,318],{"class":84},[52,87780,67],{"class":66},[52,87782,60628],{"class":70},[52,87784,100],{"class":66},[52,87786,318],{"class":84},[52,87788,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87790,63],{"class":62},[52,87792,100],{"class":66},[52,87794,86746],{"class":70},[52,87796,100],{"class":66},[52,87798,3784],{"class":84},[52,87800,47481],{"class":761},[52,87802,846],{"class":845},[52,87804,804],{"class":84},[52,87806,87807,87810,87812,87814,87816,87819],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87808,87809],{"class":58},"    first_line ",[52,87811,63],{"class":62},[52,87813,846],{"class":845},[52,87815,92],{"class":84},[52,87817,87818],{"class":88},"readline",[52,87820,8763],{"class":84},[52,87822,87823,87825,87827,87830],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87824,784],{"class":80},[52,87826,85],{"class":84},[52,87828,87829],{"class":88},"first_line",[52,87831,329],{"class":84},[412,87833,87835],{"id":87834},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87837,87838],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[43,87840,87842],{"className":45,"code":87841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87843,87844,87886,87900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87845,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87847,86714],{"class":761},[52,87849,86717],{"class":80},[52,87851,85],{"class":84},[52,87853,100],{"class":66},[52,87855,86724],{"class":70},[52,87857,100],{"class":66},[52,87859,318],{"class":84},[52,87861,67],{"class":66},[52,87863,60628],{"class":70},[52,87865,100],{"class":66},[52,87867,318],{"class":84},[52,87869,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87871,63],{"class":62},[52,87873,100],{"class":66},[52,87875,86746],{"class":70},[52,87877,100],{"class":66},[52,87879,3784],{"class":84},[52,87881,47481],{"class":761},[52,87883,846],{"class":845},[52,87885,804],{"class":84},[52,87887,87888,87891,87894,87896,87898],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87889,87890],{"class":761},"    for",[52,87892,87893],{"class":58}," line ",[52,87895,1638],{"class":761},[52,87897,846],{"class":845},[52,87899,804],{"class":84},[52,87901,87902,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,87903,47461],{"class":80},[52,87905,85],{"class":84},[52,87907,54],{"class":88},[52,87909,92],{"class":84},[52,87911,8756],{"class":88},[52,87913,7317],{"class":84},[20,87915,87916,87917,32,87921,92],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[289,87918,87920],{"href":87919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[289,87922,87924],{"href":87923},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[38,87926,87928],{"id":87927},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87930,154,87931,87933],{},[15,87932,87107],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[43,87935,87937],{"className":45,"code":87936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87938,87939,87982,88003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87940,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87942,86714],{"class":761},[52,87944,86717],{"class":80},[52,87946,85],{"class":84},[52,87948,100],{"class":66},[52,87950,87951],{"class":70},"output.txt",[52,87953,100],{"class":66},[52,87955,318],{"class":84},[52,87957,67],{"class":66},[52,87959,60611],{"class":70},[52,87961,100],{"class":66},[52,87963,318],{"class":84},[52,87965,86739],{"class":9296},[52,87967,63],{"class":62},[52,87969,100],{"class":66},[52,87971,86746],{"class":70},[52,87973,100],{"class":66},[52,87975,3784],{"class":84},[52,87977,47481],{"class":761},[52,87979,846],{"class":845},[52,87981,804],{"class":84},[52,87983,87984,87986,87988,87990,87992,87994,87997,87999,88001],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,87985,87257],{"class":845},[52,87987,92],{"class":84},[52,87989,70315],{"class":88},[52,87991,85],{"class":84},[52,87993,100],{"class":66},[52,87995,87996],{"class":70},"First line",[52,87998,87270],{"class":841},[52,88000,100],{"class":66},[52,88002,329],{"class":84},[52,88004,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88018,88020,88022],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,88006,87257],{"class":845},[52,88008,92],{"class":84},[52,88010,70315],{"class":88},[52,88012,85],{"class":84},[52,88014,100],{"class":66},[52,88016,88017],{"class":70},"Second line",[52,88019,87270],{"class":841},[52,88021,100],{"class":66},[52,88023,329],{"class":84},[20,88025,154,88026,88028],{},[15,88027,18221],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[43,88030,88032],{"className":45,"code":88031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88033,88034,88076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88035,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88037,86714],{"class":761},[52,88039,86717],{"class":80},[52,88041,85],{"class":84},[52,88043,100],{"class":66},[52,88045,87951],{"class":70},[52,88047,100],{"class":66},[52,88049,318],{"class":84},[52,88051,67],{"class":66},[52,88053,289],{"class":70},[52,88055,100],{"class":66},[52,88057,318],{"class":84},[52,88059,86739],{"class":9296},[52,88061,63],{"class":62},[52,88063,100],{"class":66},[52,88065,86746],{"class":70},[52,88067,100],{"class":66},[52,88069,3784],{"class":84},[52,88071,47481],{"class":761},[52,88073,846],{"class":845},[52,88075,804],{"class":84},[52,88077,88078,88080,88082,88084,88086,88088,88091,88093,88095],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88079,87257],{"class":845},[52,88081,92],{"class":84},[52,88083,70315],{"class":88},[52,88085,85],{"class":84},[52,88087,100],{"class":66},[52,88089,88090],{"class":70},"Third line",[52,88092,87270],{"class":841},[52,88094,100],{"class":66},[52,88096,329],{"class":84},[20,88098,88099],{},"Important detail:",[176,88101,88102,88107,88114],{},[179,88103,88104,88106],{},[15,88105,86843],{}," writes a string",[179,88108,88109,14178,88111,88113],{},[15,88110,86843],{},[3865,88112,4752],{}," add a newline for you",[179,88115,88116,88117,87569],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88118,87270],{},[20,88120,88121,88122,32,88126,92],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[289,88123,88125],{"href":88124},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[289,88127,88129],{"href":88128},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[38,88131,88133],{"id":88132},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88135,88136],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[412,88138,88140],{"id":88139},"encodingutf-8",[15,88141,87087],{},[20,88143,88144],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[43,88146,88148],{"className":45,"code":88147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88149,88150,88193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88151,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88153,86714],{"class":761},[52,88155,86717],{"class":80},[52,88157,85],{"class":84},[52,88159,100],{"class":66},[52,88161,88162],{"class":70},"message.txt",[52,88164,100],{"class":66},[52,88166,318],{"class":84},[52,88168,67],{"class":66},[52,88170,60628],{"class":70},[52,88172,100],{"class":66},[52,88174,318],{"class":84},[52,88176,86739],{"class":9296},[52,88178,63],{"class":62},[52,88180,100],{"class":66},[52,88182,86746],{"class":70},[52,88184,100],{"class":66},[52,88186,3784],{"class":84},[52,88188,47481],{"class":761},[52,88190,846],{"class":845},[52,88192,804],{"class":84},[52,88194,88195,88197,88199,88201,88203,88205],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88196,784],{"class":80},[52,88198,85],{"class":84},[52,88200,86860],{"class":845},[52,88202,92],{"class":84},[52,88204,86770],{"class":88},[52,88206,7317],{"class":84},[20,88208,88209],{},"Why it matters:",[176,88211,88212,88215,88218],{},[179,88213,88214],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[179,88216,88217],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[179,88219,88220],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[412,88222,88224],{"id":88223},"newline",[15,88225,88223],{},[20,88227,88228],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88230,88231],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[412,88233,88235],{"id":88234},"buffering",[15,88236,88234],{},[20,88238,88239],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88241,88242],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[38,88244,88246],{"id":88245},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88248,88249],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[412,88251,88253],{"id":88252},"filenotfounderror",[15,88254,88255],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88257,88258],{},"This happens when:",[176,88260,88261,88264,88267],{},[179,88262,88263],{},"the file does not exist",[179,88265,88266],{},"the path is wrong",[179,88268,88269],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88271,197],{},[43,88273,88275],{"className":45,"code":88274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88276,88277,88320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88278,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88280,86714],{"class":761},[52,88282,86717],{"class":80},[52,88284,85],{"class":84},[52,88286,100],{"class":66},[52,88288,88289],{"class":70},"missing.txt",[52,88291,100],{"class":66},[52,88293,318],{"class":84},[52,88295,67],{"class":66},[52,88297,60628],{"class":70},[52,88299,100],{"class":66},[52,88301,318],{"class":84},[52,88303,86739],{"class":9296},[52,88305,63],{"class":62},[52,88307,100],{"class":66},[52,88309,86746],{"class":70},[52,88311,100],{"class":66},[52,88313,3784],{"class":84},[52,88315,47481],{"class":761},[52,88317,846],{"class":845},[52,88319,804],{"class":84},[52,88321,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88323,784],{"class":80},[52,88325,85],{"class":84},[52,88327,86860],{"class":845},[52,88329,92],{"class":84},[52,88331,86770],{"class":88},[52,88333,7317],{"class":84},[20,88335,88336,88337,342,88345,92],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[289,88338,88340,88341,88344],{"href":88339},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[52,88342,88343],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[289,88346,88348],{"href":88347},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[412,88350,88352],{"id":88351},"permissionerror",[15,88353,88354],{},"PermissionError",[20,88356,88357],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88359,88360],{},"Example causes:",[176,88362,88363,88366,88369],{},[179,88364,88365],{},"the file is protected",[179,88367,88368],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[179,88370,88371],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88373,88374,88375],{},"Related page: ",[289,88376,88378,88379,88382],{"href":88377},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[52,88380,88381],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[412,88384,88386],{"id":88385},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88387,88388],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88390,88391],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88393,197],{},[43,88395,88397],{"className":45,"code":88396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88398,88399,88442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88400,88401,88403,88405,88407,88409,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436,88438,88440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88402,86714],{"class":761},[52,88404,86717],{"class":80},[52,88406,85],{"class":84},[52,88408,100],{"class":66},[52,88410,88411],{"class":70},"my_folder",[52,88413,100],{"class":66},[52,88415,318],{"class":84},[52,88417,67],{"class":66},[52,88419,60628],{"class":70},[52,88421,100],{"class":66},[52,88423,318],{"class":84},[52,88425,86739],{"class":9296},[52,88427,63],{"class":62},[52,88429,100],{"class":66},[52,88431,86746],{"class":70},[52,88433,100],{"class":66},[52,88435,3784],{"class":84},[52,88437,47481],{"class":761},[52,88439,846],{"class":845},[52,88441,804],{"class":84},[52,88443,88444,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88445,784],{"class":80},[52,88447,85],{"class":84},[52,88449,86860],{"class":845},[52,88451,92],{"class":84},[52,88453,86770],{"class":88},[52,88455,7317],{"class":84},[20,88457,88374,88458],{},[289,88459,88461,88462,88465],{"href":88460},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[52,88463,88464],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[412,88467,88469],{"id":88468},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88470,88471],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88473,88474,88475,92],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88476,86695],{},[20,88478,88374,88479],{},[289,88480,88482],{"href":88481},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[38,88484,88486],{"id":88485},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88488,88489,88490,88492],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88491,86695],{}," function.",[20,88494,88495],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[176,88497,88498,88501,88504,88510],{},[179,88499,88500],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[179,88502,88503],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[179,88505,88506,88507,88509],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88508,86695],{}," itself",[179,88511,88512,88513],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[289,88514,88516],{"href":88515},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[38,88518,1445],{"id":1444},[20,88520,88521,88522,174],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88523,86695],{},[176,88525,88526,88531,88537,88542,88545,88548],{},[179,88527,1828,88528,88530],{},[15,88529,86791],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[179,88532,88533,88534,88536],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88535,86992],{}," for text files",[179,88538,1828,88539,88541],{},[15,88540,87107],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[179,88543,88544],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[179,88546,88547],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[179,88549,88550],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88552,88553],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[43,88555,88557],{"className":45,"code":88556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88558,88559,88566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88560,88561,88563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88562,35216],{"class":761},[52,88564,88565],{"class":58}," os\n",[52,88567,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576,88579],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88569,81],{"class":80},[52,88571,85],{"class":84},[52,88573,42751],{"class":88},[52,88575,92],{"class":84},[52,88577,88578],{"class":88},"getcwd",[52,88580,7317],{"class":84},[20,88582,88583],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[43,88585,88587],{"className":45,"code":88586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88588,88589,88595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88590,88591,88593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88592,35216],{"class":761},[52,88594,88565],{"class":58},[52,88596,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88608,88610,88613,88615,88617,88619,88621],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88598,81],{"class":80},[52,88600,85],{"class":84},[52,88602,42751],{"class":88},[52,88604,92],{"class":84},[52,88606,88607],{"class":1803},"path",[52,88609,92],{"class":84},[52,88611,88612],{"class":88},"exists",[52,88614,85],{"class":84},[52,88616,100],{"class":66},[52,88618,86724],{"class":70},[52,88620,100],{"class":66},[52,88622,108],{"class":84},[20,88624,88625],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[43,88627,88629],{"className":45,"code":88628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88630,88631,88637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88632,88633,88635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88634,35216],{"class":761},[52,88636,88565],{"class":58},[52,88638,88639,88641,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88640,81],{"class":80},[52,88642,85],{"class":84},[52,88644,42751],{"class":88},[52,88646,92],{"class":84},[52,88648,88607],{"class":1803},[52,88650,92],{"class":84},[52,88652,88653],{"class":88},"isfile",[52,88655,85],{"class":84},[52,88657,100],{"class":66},[52,88659,86724],{"class":70},[52,88661,100],{"class":66},[52,88663,108],{"class":84},[20,88665,88666],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[43,88668,88670],{"className":45,"code":88669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88671,88672,88714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88673,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686,88688,88690,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710,88712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88675,86714],{"class":761},[52,88677,86717],{"class":80},[52,88679,85],{"class":84},[52,88681,100],{"class":66},[52,88683,86724],{"class":70},[52,88685,100],{"class":66},[52,88687,318],{"class":84},[52,88689,67],{"class":66},[52,88691,60628],{"class":70},[52,88693,100],{"class":66},[52,88695,318],{"class":84},[52,88697,86739],{"class":9296},[52,88699,63],{"class":62},[52,88701,100],{"class":66},[52,88703,86746],{"class":70},[52,88705,100],{"class":66},[52,88707,3784],{"class":84},[52,88709,47481],{"class":761},[52,88711,846],{"class":845},[52,88713,804],{"class":84},[52,88715,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88717,784],{"class":80},[52,88719,85],{"class":84},[52,88721,86860],{"class":845},[52,88723,92],{"class":84},[52,88725,86770],{"class":88},[52,88727,7317],{"class":84},[20,88729,88730],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[38,88732,1940],{"id":1939},[412,88734,88736],{"id":88735},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88738,88739],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[412,88741,88743],{"id":88742},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88745,88746,88747,88749],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88748,86714],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[412,88751,1987,88753,342,88755,88757],{"id":88752},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88754,87107],{},[15,88756,18221],{}," mode?",[20,88759,88760,88762,88763,88765],{},[15,88761,87107],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88764,18221],{}," adds new content to the end.",[412,88767,88769],{"id":88768},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88771,88772],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[412,88774,88776],{"id":88775},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88778,88779,88780,88782],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88781,87087],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[38,88784,2005],{"id":2004},[176,88786,88787,88791,88795,88799,88803,88807,88811,88817],{},[179,88788,88789],{},[289,88790,87920],{"href":87919},[179,88792,88793],{},[289,88794,88125],{"href":88124},[179,88796,88797],{},[289,88798,88129],{"href":88128},[179,88800,88801],{},[289,88802,87924],{"href":87923},[179,88804,88805],{},[289,88806,88516],{"href":88515},[179,88808,88809],{},[289,88810,88348],{"href":88347},[179,88812,88813],{},[289,88814,88340,88815,88344],{"href":88339},[52,88816,88343],{},[179,88818,88819],{},[289,88820,88378,88821,88382],{"href":88377},[52,88822,88381],{},[2035,88824,88825],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":88827},[88828,88829,88830,88831,88832,88833,88834,88839,88840,88845,88851,88852,88853,88861],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":86795,"depth":77,"text":86796},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":87091,"depth":77,"text":87092},{"id":87355,"depth":77,"text":87356},{"id":87479,"depth":77,"text":87480},{"id":87662,"depth":77,"text":87663,"children":88835},[88836,88837,88838],{"id":87672,"depth":111,"text":87673},{"id":87751,"depth":111,"text":87752},{"id":87834,"depth":111,"text":87835},{"id":87927,"depth":77,"text":87928},{"id":88132,"depth":77,"text":88133,"children":88841},[88842,88843,88844],{"id":88139,"depth":111,"text":87087},{"id":88223,"depth":111,"text":88223},{"id":88234,"depth":111,"text":88234},{"id":88245,"depth":77,"text":88246,"children":88846},[88847,88848,88849,88850],{"id":88252,"depth":111,"text":88255},{"id":88351,"depth":111,"text":88354},{"id":88385,"depth":111,"text":88388},{"id":88468,"depth":111,"text":88471},{"id":88485,"depth":77,"text":88486},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":88854},[88855,88856,88857,88859,88860],{"id":88735,"depth":111,"text":88736},{"id":88742,"depth":111,"text":88743},{"id":88752,"depth":111,"text":88858},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88768,"depth":111,"text":88769},{"id":88775,"depth":111,"text":88776},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86685,"description":88862},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88869,"title":88870,"body":88871,"description":90863,"extension":2078,"meta":90864,"navigation":221,"path":90865,"seo":90866,"stem":90867,"__hash__":90868},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88872,"toc":90810},[88873,88878,88883,88889,88891,88959,88961,88980,88985,88990,88995,88998,89010,89012,89055,89057,89075,89086,89088,89090,89115,89117,89128,89130,89190,89192,89218,89221,89225,89230,89234,89237,89271,89275,89278,89303,89307,89330,89334,89367,89372,89376,89381,89384,89452,89454,89478,89483,89486,89517,89519,89551,89568,89572,89577,89601,89608,89613,89618,89621,89625,89660,89662,89671,89675,89766,89768,89799,89804,89811,89816,89825,89828,89862,89864,89878,89882,89923,89925,89934,89938,89985,89987,90001,90006,90017,90024,90030,90032,90067,90069,90083,90086,90108,90114,90141,90152,90158,90164,90178,90180,90259,90261,90311,90318,90320,90325,90329,90332,90347,90352,90354,90373,90379,90382,90397,90399,90417,90423,90428,90458,90461,90484,90487,90514,90521,90527,90535,90558,90563,90571,90573,90593,90597,90603,90653,90656,90678,90680,90686,90694,90700,90706,90714,90719,90723,90726,90749,90754,90761,90773,90775,90807],[10,88874,3696,88876,3700],{"id":88875},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88877,46575],{},[20,88879,32443,88880,88882],{},[15,88881,46575],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88884,88885,88886,88888],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88887,46575],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[38,88890,41],{"id":40},[43,88892,88894],{"className":45,"code":88893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88895,88896,88908,88917,88921,88931,88941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88897,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88899,441],{"class":58},[52,88901,63],{"class":62},[52,88903,67],{"class":66},[52,88905,8045],{"class":70},[52,88907,74],{"class":66},[52,88909,88910,88912,88914],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88911,21754],{"class":58},[52,88913,63],{"class":62},[52,88915,88916],{"class":608}," 12\n",[52,88918,88919],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,88920,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,88922,88923,88925,88927,88929],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,88924,81],{"class":80},[52,88926,85],{"class":84},[52,88928,459],{"class":88},[52,88930,329],{"class":84},[52,88932,88933,88935,88937,88939],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,88934,81],{"class":80},[52,88936,85],{"class":84},[52,88938,9419],{"class":88},[52,88940,329],{"class":84},[52,88942,88943,88945,88947,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,88944,81],{"class":80},[52,88946,85],{"class":84},[52,88948,100],{"class":66},[52,88950,34992],{"class":70},[52,88952,100],{"class":66},[52,88954,318],{"class":84},[52,88956,36118],{"class":88},[52,88958,329],{"class":84},[20,88960,135],{},[43,88962,88964],{"className":45,"code":88963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88965,88966,88971,88975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88967,88968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88969,88970],{"class":58},"Mia\n",[52,88972,88973],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,88974,2341],{"class":608},[52,88976,88977],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,88978,88979],{"class":58},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88981,154,88982,88984],{},[15,88983,46575],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[38,88986,166,88988,169],{"id":88987},"what-print-does",[15,88989,46575],{},[20,88991,88992,88994],{},[15,88993,46575],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88996,88997],{},"You can use it to display:",[176,88999,89000,89002,89004,89007],{},[179,89001,231],{},[179,89003,3771],{},[179,89005,89006],{},"variables",[179,89008,89009],{},"expressions",[20,89011,197],{},[43,89013,89015],{"className":45,"code":89014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89016,89017,89031,89041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89018,89019,89021,89023,89025,89027,89029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89020,81],{"class":80},[52,89022,85],{"class":84},[52,89024,100],{"class":66},[52,89026,34992],{"class":70},[52,89028,100],{"class":66},[52,89030,329],{"class":84},[52,89032,89033,89035,89037,89039],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89034,81],{"class":80},[52,89036,85],{"class":84},[52,89038,2252],{"class":608},[52,89040,329],{"class":84},[52,89042,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,89044,81],{"class":80},[52,89046,85],{"class":84},[52,89048,2172],{"class":608},[52,89050,2572],{"class":62},[52,89052,609],{"class":608},[52,89054,329],{"class":84},[20,89056,135],{},[43,89058,89060],{"className":45,"code":89059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89061,89062,89067,89071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89063,89064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89065,89066],{"class":58},"Hello\n",[52,89068,89069],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89070,3064],{"class":608},[52,89072,89073],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,89074,3064],{"class":608},[20,89076,89077,89078,89080,89081,89085],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89079,46575],{}," ",[3865,89082,3813,89083],{},[15,89084,3901],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[38,89087,296],{"id":295},[20,89089,30851],{},[43,89091,89093],{"className":45,"code":89092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89094,89095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89096,89097,89099,89101,89104,89106,89109,89111,89113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89098,81],{"class":80},[52,89100,85],{"class":84},[52,89102,89103],{"class":88},"object1",[52,89105,318],{"class":84},[52,89107,89108],{"class":88}," object2",[52,89110,318],{"class":84},[52,89112,34580],{"class":80},[52,89114,329],{"class":84},[20,89116,80323],{},[176,89118,89119,89122,89125],{},[179,89120,89121],{},"one value",[179,89123,89124],{},"many values",[179,89126,89127],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89129,197],{},[43,89131,89133],{"className":45,"code":89132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89134,89135,89149,89168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89136,89137,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89138,81],{"class":80},[52,89140,85],{"class":84},[52,89142,100],{"class":66},[52,89144,57891],{"class":70},[52,89146,100],{"class":66},[52,89148,329],{"class":84},[52,89150,89151,89153,89155,89157,89160,89162,89164,89166],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89152,81],{"class":80},[52,89154,85],{"class":84},[52,89156,100],{"class":66},[52,89158,89159],{"class":70},"Score:",[52,89161,100],{"class":66},[52,89163,318],{"class":84},[52,89165,688],{"class":608},[52,89167,329],{"class":84},[52,89169,89170,89172,89174,89176,89178,89180,89182,89184,89186,89188],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,89171,81],{"class":80},[52,89173,85],{"class":84},[52,89175,100],{"class":66},[52,89177,45686],{"class":70},[52,89179,100],{"class":66},[52,89181,318],{"class":84},[52,89183,2575],{"class":608},[52,89185,2572],{"class":62},[52,89187,37769],{"class":608},[52,89189,329],{"class":84},[20,89191,135],{},[43,89193,89195],{"className":45,"code":89194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89196,89197,89201,89210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89198,89199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89200,85476],{"class":58},[52,89202,89203,89206,89208],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89204,89205],{"class":58},"Score",[52,89207,174],{"class":84},[52,89209,2706],{"class":608},[52,89211,89212,89214,89216],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,89213,45726],{"class":58},[52,89215,174],{"class":84},[52,89217,2706],{"class":608},[20,89219,89220],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[38,89222,89224],{"id":89223},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89226,89227,89228,92],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89229,46575],{},[412,89231,89233],{"id":89232},"print-text","Print text",[20,89235,89236],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[43,89238,89240],{"className":45,"code":89239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89241,89242,89256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89243,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252,89254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89245,81],{"class":80},[52,89247,85],{"class":84},[52,89249,100],{"class":66},[52,89251,34992],{"class":70},[52,89253,100],{"class":66},[52,89255,329],{"class":84},[52,89257,89258,89260,89262,89264,89267,89269],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89259,81],{"class":80},[52,89261,85],{"class":84},[52,89263,100],{"class":66},[52,89265,89266],{"class":70},"Python is fun",[52,89268,100],{"class":66},[52,89270,329],{"class":84},[412,89272,89274],{"id":89273},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89276,89277],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[43,89279,89281],{"className":45,"code":89280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89282,89283,89293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89284,89285,89287,89289,89291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89286,81],{"class":80},[52,89288,85],{"class":84},[52,89290,2252],{"class":608},[52,89292,329],{"class":84},[52,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89296,81],{"class":80},[52,89298,85],{"class":84},[52,89300,40269],{"class":608},[52,89302,329],{"class":84},[412,89304,89306],{"id":89305},"print-variables","Print variables",[43,89308,89310],{"className":45,"code":89309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89311,89312,89320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89313,89314,89316,89318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89315,5219],{"class":58},[52,89317,63],{"class":62},[52,89319,14255],{"class":608},[52,89321,89322,89324,89326,89328],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89323,81],{"class":80},[52,89325,85],{"class":84},[52,89327,85640],{"class":88},[52,89329,329],{"class":84},[412,89331,89333],{"id":89332},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[43,89335,89337],{"className":45,"code":89336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89338,89339,89353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89340,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89342,81],{"class":80},[52,89344,85],{"class":84},[52,89346,2172],{"class":608},[52,89348,2572],{"class":62},[52,89350,609],{"class":608},[52,89352,329],{"class":84},[52,89354,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89356,81],{"class":80},[52,89358,85],{"class":84},[52,89360,2448],{"class":608},[52,89362,82952],{"class":62},[52,89364,2575],{"class":608},[52,89366,329],{"class":84},[20,89368,89369,89370,92],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[289,89371,51099],{"href":291},[38,89373,89375],{"id":89374},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89377,89378,89380],{},[15,89379,46575],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89382,89383],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[43,89385,89387],{"className":45,"code":89386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89388,89389,89402,89410,89414,89433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89390,89391,89393,89395,89397,89400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89392,441],{"class":58},[52,89394,63],{"class":62},[52,89396,67],{"class":66},[52,89398,89399],{"class":70},"Ava",[52,89401,74],{"class":66},[52,89403,89404,89406,89408],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89405,21754],{"class":58},[52,89407,63],{"class":62},[52,89409,2706],{"class":608},[52,89411,89412],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,89413,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,89415,89416,89418,89420,89422,89425,89427,89429,89431],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,89417,81],{"class":80},[52,89419,85],{"class":84},[52,89421,100],{"class":66},[52,89423,89424],{"class":70},"Name:",[52,89426,100],{"class":66},[52,89428,318],{"class":84},[52,89430,36118],{"class":88},[52,89432,329],{"class":84},[52,89434,89435,89437,89439,89441,89444,89446,89448,89450],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,89436,81],{"class":80},[52,89438,85],{"class":84},[52,89440,100],{"class":66},[52,89442,89443],{"class":70},"Age:",[52,89445,100],{"class":66},[52,89447,318],{"class":84},[52,89449,9309],{"class":88},[52,89451,329],{"class":84},[20,89453,135],{},[43,89455,89457],{"className":45,"code":89456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89458,89459,89469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89460,89461,89464,89466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89462,89463],{"class":58},"Name",[52,89465,174],{"class":84},[52,89467,89468],{"class":58}," Ava\n",[52,89470,89471,89474,89476],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89472,89473],{"class":58},"Age",[52,89475,174],{"class":84},[52,89477,2706],{"class":608},[20,89479,89480,89481,92],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89482,2175],{},[20,89484,89485],{},"For example, this works:",[43,89487,89489],{"className":45,"code":89488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89490,89491,89499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89492,89493,89495,89497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89494,21754],{"class":58},[52,89496,63],{"class":62},[52,89498,2706],{"class":608},[52,89500,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89502,81],{"class":80},[52,89504,85],{"class":84},[52,89506,100],{"class":66},[52,89508,89443],{"class":70},[52,89510,100],{"class":66},[52,89512,318],{"class":84},[52,89514,9309],{"class":88},[52,89516,329],{"class":84},[20,89518,37052],{},[43,89520,89522],{"className":45,"code":89521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89523,89524,89532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89525,89526,89528,89530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89527,21754],{"class":58},[52,89529,63],{"class":62},[52,89531,2706],{"class":608},[52,89533,89534,89536,89538,89540,89543,89545,89547,89549],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89535,81],{"class":80},[52,89537,85],{"class":84},[52,89539,100],{"class":66},[52,89541,89542],{"class":70},"Age: ",[52,89544,100],{"class":66},[52,89546,2572],{"class":62},[52,89548,9309],{"class":88},[52,89550,329],{"class":84},[20,89552,89553,89554,89557,89558,89560,89561,89563,89564,92],{},"That fails because ",[15,89555,89556],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89559,9419],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89562,2175],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[289,89565,89566],{"href":42300},[15,89567,47807],{},[38,89569,89571],{"id":89570},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89573,89574,89576],{},[15,89575,46575],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[176,89578,89579,89585,89590,89595],{},[179,89580,89581,89584],{},[15,89582,89583],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[179,89586,89587,89589],{},[15,89588,345],{}," controls what is added after the output",[179,89591,89592,89594],{},[15,89593,86860],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[179,89596,89597,89600],{},[15,89598,89599],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89602,89603,89604,342,89606,92],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89605,89583],{},[15,89607,345],{},[38,89609,89611,36741],{"id":89610},"sep-argument",[15,89612,89583],{},[20,89614,2095,89615,89617],{},[15,89616,89583],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89619,89620],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[412,89622,89624],{"id":89623},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[43,89626,89628],{"className":45,"code":89627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89629,89630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89631,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89633,81],{"class":80},[52,89635,85],{"class":84},[52,89637,100],{"class":66},[52,89639,13216],{"class":70},[52,89641,100],{"class":66},[52,89643,318],{"class":84},[52,89645,67],{"class":66},[52,89647,17580],{"class":70},[52,89649,100],{"class":66},[52,89651,318],{"class":84},[52,89653,67],{"class":66},[52,89655,13233],{"class":70},[52,89657,100],{"class":66},[52,89659,329],{"class":84},[20,89661,135],{},[43,89663,89665],{"className":45,"code":89664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red green blue\n",[15,89666,89667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89668,89669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89670,89664],{"class":58},[412,89672,89674],{"id":89673},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[43,89676,89678],{"className":45,"code":89677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89679,89680,89723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89681,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704,89706,89708,89710,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89683,81],{"class":80},[52,89685,85],{"class":84},[52,89687,100],{"class":66},[52,89689,13216],{"class":70},[52,89691,100],{"class":66},[52,89693,318],{"class":84},[52,89695,67],{"class":66},[52,89697,17580],{"class":70},[52,89699,100],{"class":66},[52,89701,318],{"class":84},[52,89703,67],{"class":66},[52,89705,13233],{"class":70},[52,89707,100],{"class":66},[52,89709,318],{"class":84},[52,89711,89712],{"class":9296}," sep",[52,89714,63],{"class":62},[52,89716,100],{"class":66},[52,89718,318],{"class":70},[52,89720,100],{"class":66},[52,89722,329],{"class":84},[52,89724,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89762,89764],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89726,81],{"class":80},[52,89728,85],{"class":84},[52,89730,100],{"class":66},[52,89732,13216],{"class":70},[52,89734,100],{"class":66},[52,89736,318],{"class":84},[52,89738,67],{"class":66},[52,89740,17580],{"class":70},[52,89742,100],{"class":66},[52,89744,318],{"class":84},[52,89746,67],{"class":66},[52,89748,13233],{"class":70},[52,89750,100],{"class":66},[52,89752,318],{"class":84},[52,89754,89712],{"class":9296},[52,89756,63],{"class":62},[52,89758,100],{"class":66},[52,89760,89761],{"class":70}," - ",[52,89763,100],{"class":66},[52,89765,329],{"class":84},[20,89767,135],{},[43,89769,89771],{"className":45,"code":89770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89772,89773,89785],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89774,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89776,13216],{"class":58},[52,89778,318],{"class":84},[52,89780,17580],{"class":58},[52,89782,318],{"class":84},[52,89784,70101],{"class":58},[52,89786,89787,89790,89792,89795,89797],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89788,89789],{"class":58},"red ",[52,89791,2137],{"class":62},[52,89793,89794],{"class":58}," green ",[52,89796,2137],{"class":62},[52,89798,36007],{"class":58},[20,89800,89801,89803],{},[15,89802,89583],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89805,89806,89807,92],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[289,89808,89810],{"href":89809},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[38,89812,89814,36741],{"id":89813},"end-argument",[15,89815,345],{},[20,89817,89818,89819,89821,89822,89824],{},"By default, ",[15,89820,46575],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89823,46575],{}," starts on a new line.",[412,89826,89624],{"id":89827},"default-behavior-1",[43,89829,89831],{"className":45,"code":89830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89832,89833,89847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89834,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89836,81],{"class":80},[52,89838,85],{"class":84},[52,89840,100],{"class":66},[52,89842,34992],{"class":70},[52,89844,100],{"class":66},[52,89846,329],{"class":84},[52,89848,89849,89851,89853,89855,89858,89860],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89850,81],{"class":80},[52,89852,85],{"class":84},[52,89854,100],{"class":66},[52,89856,89857],{"class":70},"World",[52,89859,100],{"class":66},[52,89861,329],{"class":84},[20,89863,135],{},[43,89865,89867],{"className":45,"code":89866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89868,89869,89873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89870,89871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89872,89066],{"class":58},[52,89874,89875],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89876,89877],{"class":58},"World\n",[412,89879,89881],{"id":89880},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[43,89883,89885],{"className":45,"code":89884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89886,89887,89909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89888,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89890,81],{"class":80},[52,89892,85],{"class":84},[52,89894,100],{"class":66},[52,89896,34992],{"class":70},[52,89898,100],{"class":66},[52,89900,318],{"class":84},[52,89902,326],{"class":9296},[52,89904,63],{"class":62},[52,89906,6395],{"class":66},[52,89908,329],{"class":84},[52,89910,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919,89921],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89912,81],{"class":80},[52,89914,85],{"class":84},[52,89916,100],{"class":66},[52,89918,89857],{"class":70},[52,89920,100],{"class":66},[52,89922,329],{"class":84},[20,89924,135],{},[43,89926,89928],{"className":45,"code":89927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89929,89930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89931,89932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89933,89927],{"class":58},[412,89935,89937],{"id":89936},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[43,89939,89941],{"className":45,"code":89940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89942,89943,89971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89944,89945,89947,89949,89951,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963,89965,89967,89969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89946,81],{"class":80},[52,89948,85],{"class":84},[52,89950,100],{"class":66},[52,89952,34992],{"class":70},[52,89954,100],{"class":66},[52,89956,318],{"class":84},[52,89958,326],{"class":9296},[52,89960,63],{"class":62},[52,89962,100],{"class":66},[52,89964,1007],{"class":70},[52,89966,87270],{"class":841},[52,89968,100],{"class":66},[52,89970,329],{"class":84},[52,89972,89973,89975,89977,89979,89981,89983],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,89974,81],{"class":80},[52,89976,85],{"class":84},[52,89978,100],{"class":66},[52,89980,89857],{"class":70},[52,89982,100],{"class":66},[52,89984,329],{"class":84},[20,89986,135],{},[43,89988,89990],{"className":45,"code":89989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89991,89992,89997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89993,89994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89995,89996],{"class":58},"Hello!\n",[52,89998,89999],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90000,89877],{"class":58},[20,90002,2095,90003,90005],{},[15,90004,345],{}," argument is useful for:",[176,90007,90008,90011,90014],{},[179,90009,90010],{},"progress messages",[179,90012,90013],{},"inline output",[179,90015,90016],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[38,90018,90020,2515,90022],{"id":90019},"print-returns-none",[15,90021,46575],{},[15,90023,3901],{},[20,90025,90026,90027,90029],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90028,46575],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90031,197],{},[43,90033,90035],{"className":45,"code":90034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90036,90037,90057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90038,90039,90041,90043,90046,90048,90050,90053,90055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90040,2346],{"class":58},[52,90042,63],{"class":62},[52,90044,90045],{"class":80}," print",[52,90047,85],{"class":84},[52,90049,100],{"class":66},[52,90051,90052],{"class":70},"Hi",[52,90054,100],{"class":66},[52,90056,329],{"class":84},[52,90058,90059,90061,90063,90065],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90060,81],{"class":80},[52,90062,85],{"class":84},[52,90064,2381],{"class":88},[52,90066,329],{"class":84},[20,90068,135],{},[43,90070,90072],{"className":45,"code":90071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90073,90074,90079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90075,90076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90077,90078],{"class":58},"Hi\n",[52,90080,90081],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90082,11931],{"class":145},[20,90084,90085],{},"Why does this happen?",[176,90087,90088,90096,90101],{},[179,90089,90090,90093,90094],{},[15,90091,90092],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90095,90052],{},[179,90097,90098,90099],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90100,3901],{},[179,90102,90103,90104,12043,90106],{},"so ",[15,90105,2381],{},[15,90107,3901],{},[20,90109,90110,90111,90113],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90112,46575],{}," call.",[43,90115,90117],{"className":45,"code":90116,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90118,90119,90131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90120,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90122,978],{"class":58},[52,90124,63],{"class":62},[52,90126,67],{"class":66},[52,90128,90052],{"class":70},[52,90130,74],{"class":66},[52,90132,90133,90135,90137,90139],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90134,81],{"class":80},[52,90136,85],{"class":84},[52,90138,996],{"class":88},[52,90140,329],{"class":84},[20,90142,90143,90144,90146,90147,90151],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90145,46575],{}," with functions like ",[289,90148,90149],{"href":8343},[15,90150,3075],{},", which do return a value.",[38,90153,90155,90156],{"id":90154},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90157,46575],{},[20,90159,90160,90161,90163],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90162,46575],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[176,90165,90166,90169,90172,90175],{},[179,90167,90168],{},"to display results to the user",[179,90170,90171],{},"to show messages in a script",[179,90173,90174],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[179,90176,90177],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90179,197],{},[43,90181,90183],{"className":45,"code":90182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90184,90185,90193,90197,90217,90228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90186,90187,90189,90191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90188,41309],{"class":58},[52,90190,63],{"class":62},[52,90192,38639],{"class":608},[52,90194,90195],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90196,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,90198,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,90200,6081],{"class":761},[52,90202,6510],{"class":58},[52,90204,1638],{"class":761},[52,90206,54192],{"class":80},[52,90208,85],{"class":84},[52,90210,3106],{"class":608},[52,90212,318],{"class":84},[52,90214,2575],{"class":608},[52,90216,779],{"class":84},[52,90218,90219,90222,90225],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,90220,90221],{"class":58},"    total ",[52,90223,90224],{"class":62},"+=",[52,90226,90227],{"class":58}," number\n",[52,90229,90230,90232,90234,90236,90239,90241,90243,90245,90247,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,90231,784],{"class":80},[52,90233,85],{"class":84},[52,90235,100],{"class":66},[52,90237,90238],{"class":70},"Current number:",[52,90240,100],{"class":66},[52,90242,318],{"class":84},[52,90244,2313],{"class":88},[52,90246,318],{"class":84},[52,90248,67],{"class":66},[52,90250,45686],{"class":70},[52,90252,100],{"class":66},[52,90254,318],{"class":84},[52,90256,45693],{"class":88},[52,90258,329],{"class":84},[20,90260,135],{},[43,90262,90264],{"className":45,"code":90263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90265,90266,90282,90296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90267,90268,90271,90273,90275,90278,90280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90269,90270],{"class":58},"Current number",[52,90272,174],{"class":84},[52,90274,5621],{"class":608},[52,90276,90277],{"class":58}," Total",[52,90279,174],{"class":84},[52,90281,29741],{"class":608},[52,90283,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90285,90270],{"class":58},[52,90287,174],{"class":84},[52,90289,3111],{"class":608},[52,90291,90277],{"class":58},[52,90293,174],{"class":84},[52,90295,2696],{"class":608},[52,90297,90298,90300,90302,90304,90306,90308],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,90299,90270],{"class":58},[52,90301,174],{"class":84},[52,90303,609],{"class":608},[52,90305,90277],{"class":58},[52,90307,174],{"class":84},[52,90309,90310],{"class":608}," 6\n",[20,90312,90313,90314,92],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[289,90315,90317],{"href":90316},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[38,90319,1445],{"id":1444},[20,90321,90322,90323,92],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90324,46575],{},[412,90326,90328],{"id":90327},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90330,90331],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[43,90333,90335],{"className":45,"code":90334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90336,90337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90338,90339,90341,90343,90345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90340,81],{"class":80},[52,90342,85],{"class":84},[52,90344,34992],{"class":88},[52,90346,329],{"class":84},[20,90348,8995,90349,90351],{},[15,90350,34992],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90353,10929],{},[43,90355,90357],{"className":45,"code":90356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90358,90359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90360,90361,90363,90365,90367,90369,90371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90362,81],{"class":80},[52,90364,85],{"class":84},[52,90366,100],{"class":66},[52,90368,34992],{"class":70},[52,90370,100],{"class":66},[52,90372,329],{"class":84},[412,90374,1828,90376,90378],{"id":90375},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90377,81],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90380,90381],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[43,90383,90385],{"className":45,"code":90384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90386,90387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90388,90389,90391,90393,90395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90390,81],{"class":80},[52,90392,67],{"class":66},[52,90394,34992],{"class":70},[52,90396,74],{"class":66},[20,90398,10929],{},[43,90400,90401],{"className":45,"code":90356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90402,90403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90404,90405,90407,90409,90411,90413,90415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90406,81],{"class":80},[52,90408,85],{"class":84},[52,90410,100],{"class":66},[52,90412,34992],{"class":70},[52,90414,100],{"class":66},[52,90416,329],{"class":84},[412,90418,90420,90421],{"id":90419},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90422,2175],{},[20,90424,90425,90426,92],{},"This causes a ",[15,90427,3124],{},[43,90429,90430],{"className":45,"code":89521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90431,90432,90440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90433,90434,90436,90438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90435,21754],{"class":58},[52,90437,63],{"class":62},[52,90439,2706],{"class":608},[52,90441,90442,90444,90446,90448,90450,90452,90454,90456],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90443,81],{"class":80},[52,90445,85],{"class":84},[52,90447,100],{"class":66},[52,90449,89542],{"class":70},[52,90451,100],{"class":66},[52,90453,2572],{"class":62},[52,90455,9309],{"class":88},[52,90457,329],{"class":84},[20,90459,90460],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[43,90462,90464],{"className":45,"code":90463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90465,90466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90467,90468,90470,90472,90474,90476,90478,90480,90482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90469,81],{"class":80},[52,90471,85],{"class":84},[52,90473,100],{"class":66},[52,90475,89443],{"class":70},[52,90477,100],{"class":66},[52,90479,318],{"class":84},[52,90481,9309],{"class":88},[52,90483,329],{"class":84},[20,90485,90486],{},"Or convert the number first:",[43,90488,90490],{"className":45,"code":90489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90491,90492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90493,90494,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510,90512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90495,81],{"class":80},[52,90497,85],{"class":84},[52,90499,100],{"class":66},[52,90501,89542],{"class":70},[52,90503,100],{"class":66},[52,90505,2572],{"class":62},[52,90507,49028],{"class":1929},[52,90509,85],{"class":84},[52,90511,9419],{"class":88},[52,90513,108],{"class":84},[20,90515,90516,90517,92],{},"If you see this error, read ",[289,90518,90520],{"href":90519},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[412,90522,1725,90524,90526],{"id":90523},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90525,46575],{}," to return a value",[20,90528,90529,90530,35455,90533,174],{},"This does not store ",[15,90531,90532],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90534,2381],{},[43,90536,90538],{"className":45,"code":90537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90539,90540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90541,90542,90544,90546,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90543,2346],{"class":58},[52,90545,63],{"class":62},[52,90547,90045],{"class":80},[52,90549,85],{"class":84},[52,90551,100],{"class":66},[52,90553,34992],{"class":70},[52,90555,100],{"class":66},[52,90557,329],{"class":84},[20,90559,90560,90561,92],{},"It stores ",[15,90562,3901],{},[412,90564,90566,90567,342,90569],{"id":90565},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90568,89583],{},[15,90570,345],{},[20,90572,85932],{},[176,90574,90575,90584],{},[179,90576,90577,90579,90580,90583],{},[15,90578,89583],{}," changes what goes ",[3865,90581,90582],{},"between"," multiple values",[179,90585,90586,90588,90589,90592],{},[15,90587,345],{}," changes what appears ",[3865,90590,90591],{},"after"," the output",[38,90594,90596],{"id":90595},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90598,90599,90600,90602],{},"These simple ",[15,90601,46575],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[43,90604,90606],{"className":45,"code":90605,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90607,90608,90628,90643],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90609,90610,90612,90614,90616,90619,90621,90623,90626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90611,81],{"class":80},[52,90613,85],{"class":84},[52,90615,100],{"class":66},[52,90617,90618],{"class":70},"Debug:",[52,90620,100],{"class":66},[52,90622,318],{"class":84},[52,90624,90625],{"class":88}," variable_name",[52,90627,329],{"class":84},[52,90629,90630,90632,90634,90636,90638,90641],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90631,81],{"class":80},[52,90633,85],{"class":84},[52,90635,1930],{"class":1929},[52,90637,85],{"class":84},[52,90639,90640],{"class":88},"variable_name",[52,90642,108],{"class":84},[52,90644,90645,90647,90649,90651],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,90646,32278],{"class":80},[52,90648,85],{"class":84},[52,90650,81],{"class":80},[52,90652,329],{"class":84},[20,90654,90655],{},"What they do:",[176,90657,90658,90664,90670],{},[179,90659,90660,90663],{},[15,90661,90662],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[179,90665,90666,90669],{},[15,90667,90668],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[179,90671,90672,90675,90676],{},[15,90673,90674],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90677,46575],{},[38,90679,1940],{"id":1939},[412,90681,1944,90683,90685],{"id":90682},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90684,46575],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90687,90688,90689,90691,90692,36747],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90690,46575],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90693,345],{},[412,90695,1958,90697,90699],{"id":90696},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90698,46575],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90701,90702,90703,90705],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90704,46575],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[412,90707,5282,90709,5285,90712,1993],{"id":90708},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90710,90711],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90713,3901],{},[20,90715,29187,90716,90718],{},[15,90717,46575],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[412,90720,90722],{"id":90721},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90724,90725],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[43,90727,90729],{"className":45,"code":90728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90730,90731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90732,90733,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90734,81],{"class":80},[52,90736,85],{"class":84},[52,90738,100],{"class":66},[52,90740,89443],{"class":70},[52,90742,100],{"class":66},[52,90744,318],{"class":84},[52,90746,688],{"class":608},[52,90748,329],{"class":84},[20,90750,90751,90752,40055],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90753,47807],{},[412,90755,1987,90757,342,90759,1993],{"id":90756},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90758,89583],{},[15,90760,345],{},[176,90762,90763,90768],{},[179,90764,90765,90767],{},[15,90766,89583],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[179,90769,90770,90772],{},[15,90771,345],{}," changes what appears after the output",[38,90774,2005],{"id":2004},[176,90776,90777,90781,90787,90793,90798,90803],{},[179,90778,90779],{},[289,90780,51099],{"href":291},[179,90782,90783],{},[289,90784,3696,90785,3629],{"href":8343},[15,90786,3075],{},[179,90788,90789],{},[289,90790,3696,90791,3629],{"href":42300},[15,90792,47807],{},[179,90794,90795],{},[289,90796,90797],{"href":89809},"How to format strings in Python",[179,90799,90800],{},[289,90801,90802],{"href":90316},"How to debug Python code",[179,90804,90805],{},[289,90806,90520],{"href":90519},[2035,90808,90809],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":90811},[90812,90813,90815,90816,90822,90823,90824,90829,90835,90837,90839,90850,90851,90862],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":88987,"depth":77,"text":90814},"What print() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":89223,"depth":77,"text":89224,"children":90817},[90818,90819,90820,90821],{"id":89232,"depth":111,"text":89233},{"id":89273,"depth":111,"text":89274},{"id":89305,"depth":111,"text":89306},{"id":89332,"depth":111,"text":89333},{"id":89374,"depth":77,"text":89375},{"id":89570,"depth":77,"text":89571},{"id":89610,"depth":77,"text":90825,"children":90826},"sep argument",[90827,90828],{"id":89623,"depth":111,"text":89624},{"id":89673,"depth":111,"text":89674},{"id":89813,"depth":77,"text":90830,"children":90831},"end argument",[90832,90833,90834],{"id":89827,"depth":111,"text":89624},{"id":89880,"depth":111,"text":89881},{"id":89936,"depth":111,"text":89937},{"id":90019,"depth":77,"text":90836},"print() returns None",{"id":90154,"depth":77,"text":90838},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":90840},[90841,90842,90844,90846,90848],{"id":90327,"depth":111,"text":90328},{"id":90375,"depth":111,"text":90843},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90419,"depth":111,"text":90845},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90523,"depth":111,"text":90847},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90565,"depth":111,"text":90849},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90595,"depth":77,"text":90596},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":90852},[90853,90855,90857,90859,90860],{"id":90682,"depth":111,"text":90854},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90696,"depth":111,"text":90856},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90708,"depth":111,"text":90858},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90721,"depth":111,"text":90722},{"id":90756,"depth":111,"text":90861},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88870,"description":90863},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90870,"title":90871,"body":90872,"description":93176,"extension":2078,"meta":93177,"navigation":221,"path":93178,"seo":93179,"stem":93180,"__hash__":93181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90873,"toc":93122},[90874,90879,90884,90897,90899,90964,90975,90980,90985,90987,91010,91013,91044,91046,91063,91068,91074,91079,91128,91131,91148,91154,91159,91182,91184,91212,91218,91226,91253,91255,91280,91286,91289,91320,91322,91351,91355,91358,91363,91385,91387,91415,91421,91427,91453,91455,91479,91485,91491,91521,91523,91551,91561,91565,91571,91604,91606,91635,91638,91641,91674,91676,91684,91690,91692,91715,91720,91729,91734,91748,91750,91790,91792,91822,91826,91861,91867,91871,91915,91917,91947,91953,91956,92035,92037,92059,92067,92070,92133,92141,92216,92222,92229,92234,92239,92262,92264,92285,92287,92300,92302,92349,92351,92390,92399,92401,92405,92409,92412,92439,92442,92471,92474,92498,92501,92509,92515,92537,92539,92567,92571,92576,92631,92636,92638,92695,92702,92711,92714,92746,92748,92756,92759,92765,92767,92790,92793,92799,92802,92821,92823,92842,92845,92867,92869,92897,92901,92905,93010,93012,93025,93027,93033,93036,93044,93049,93055,93061,93066,93074,93080,93087,93089,93119],[10,90875,3696,90877,3700],{"id":90876},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90878,36323],{},[20,90880,32443,90881,90883],{},[15,90882,36323],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90885,90886,90887,90889,90890,90892,90893,90896],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90888,6081],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90891,36323],{}," stops ",[3865,90894,90895],{},"before"," the end value.",[38,90898,41],{"id":40},[43,90900,90902],{"className":45,"code":90901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90903,90904,90920,90930,90934,90939,90944,90949,90954,90959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90905,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90907,6081],{"class":761},[52,90909,69668],{"class":58},[52,90911,1638],{"class":761},[52,90913,54192],{"class":80},[52,90915,85],{"class":84},[52,90917,2252],{"class":608},[52,90919,779],{"class":84},[52,90921,90922,90924,90926,90928],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,90923,784],{"class":80},[52,90925,85],{"class":84},[52,90927,36279],{"class":88},[52,90929,329],{"class":84},[52,90931,90932],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,90933,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,90935,90936],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,90937,90938],{"class":1479},"# Output:\n",[52,90940,90941],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,90942,90943],{"class":1479},"# 0\n",[52,90945,90946],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,90947,90948],{"class":1479},"# 1\n",[52,90950,90951],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,90952,90953],{"class":1479},"# 2\n",[52,90955,90956],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,90957,90958],{"class":1479},"# 3\n",[52,90960,90961],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,90962,90963],{"class":1479},"# 4\n",[20,90965,90966,90969,90970,90972,90973,92],{},[15,90967,90968],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90971,2235],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90974,2252],{},[38,90976,166,90978,169],{"id":90977},"what-range-does",[15,90979,36323],{},[20,90981,90982,90984],{},[15,90983,36323],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90986,13175],{},[176,90988,90989,90994,91000,91005],{},[179,90990,90991,90993],{},[15,90992,36323],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[179,90995,90996,90997,90999],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90998,6081],{}," loops",[179,91001,91002,91003],{},"The stop value is ",[3865,91004,65190],{},[179,91006,17546,91007,91009],{},[15,91008,60122],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91011,91012],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[43,91014,91016],{"className":45,"code":91015,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91017,91018,91034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91019,91020,91022,91024,91026,91028,91030,91032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91021,6081],{"class":761},[52,91023,6510],{"class":58},[52,91025,1638],{"class":761},[52,91027,54192],{"class":80},[52,91029,85],{"class":84},[52,91031,627],{"class":608},[52,91033,779],{"class":84},[52,91035,91036,91038,91040,91042],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91037,784],{"class":80},[52,91039,85],{"class":84},[52,91041,2356],{"class":88},[52,91043,329],{"class":84},[20,91045,135],{},[43,91047,91049],{"className":45,"code":91048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91050,91051,91055,91059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91052,91053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91054,47375],{"class":608},[52,91056,91057],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91058,47040],{"class":608},[52,91060,91061],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,91062,17182],{"class":608},[20,91064,91065,91066,92],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[289,91067,36155],{"href":36154},[38,91069,91071,91073],{"id":91070},"range-syntax",[15,91072,36323],{}," syntax",[20,91075,91076,91078],{},[15,91077,36323],{}," has three common forms:",[43,91080,91082],{"className":45,"code":91081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91083,91084,91094,91109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91085,91086,91088,91090,91092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91087,60122],{"class":80},[52,91089,85],{"class":84},[52,91091,75546],{"class":88},[52,91093,329],{"class":84},[52,91095,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91107],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91097,60122],{"class":80},[52,91099,85],{"class":84},[52,91101,341],{"class":88},[52,91103,318],{"class":84},[52,91105,91106],{"class":88}," stop",[52,91108,329],{"class":84},[52,91110,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91126],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,91112,60122],{"class":80},[52,91114,85],{"class":84},[52,91116,341],{"class":88},[52,91118,318],{"class":84},[52,91120,91106],{"class":88},[52,91122,318],{"class":84},[52,91124,91125],{"class":88}," step",[52,91127,329],{"class":84},[20,91129,91130],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[176,91132,91133,91138,91143],{},[179,91134,91135,91137],{},[15,91136,341],{}," = first number",[179,91139,91140,91142],{},[15,91141,75546],{}," = end limit, not included",[179,91144,91145,91147],{},[15,91146,75549],{}," = amount to move each time",[412,91149,91151],{"id":91150},"rangestop",[15,91152,91153],{},"range(stop)",[20,91155,91156,91157,92],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91158,2235],{},[43,91160,91162],{"className":45,"code":91161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91163,91164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91165,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91167,81],{"class":80},[52,91169,85],{"class":84},[52,91171,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91173,85],{"class":84},[52,91175,60122],{"class":80},[52,91177,85],{"class":84},[52,91179,2252],{"class":608},[52,91181,546],{"class":84},[20,91183,135],{},[43,91185,91186],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91187,91188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91189,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91191,4021],{"class":84},[52,91193,2235],{"class":608},[52,91195,318],{"class":84},[52,91197,5621],{"class":608},[52,91199,318],{"class":84},[52,91201,3111],{"class":608},[52,91203,318],{"class":84},[52,91205,609],{"class":608},[52,91207,318],{"class":84},[52,91209,2575],{"class":608},[52,91211,3757],{"class":84},[412,91213,91215],{"id":91214},"rangestart-stop",[15,91216,91217],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91219,91220,91221,91223,91224,92],{},"This starts at ",[15,91222,341],{}," and stops before ",[15,91225,75546],{},[43,91227,91229],{"className":45,"code":91228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91230,91231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91232,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91234,81],{"class":80},[52,91236,85],{"class":84},[52,91238,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91240,85],{"class":84},[52,91242,60122],{"class":80},[52,91244,85],{"class":84},[52,91246,2172],{"class":608},[52,91248,318],{"class":84},[52,91250,37769],{"class":608},[52,91252,546],{"class":84},[20,91254,135],{},[43,91256,91258],{"className":45,"code":91257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91259,91260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91261,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91263,4021],{"class":84},[52,91265,2172],{"class":608},[52,91267,318],{"class":84},[52,91269,609],{"class":608},[52,91271,318],{"class":84},[52,91273,2575],{"class":608},[52,91275,318],{"class":84},[52,91277,4726],{"class":608},[52,91279,3757],{"class":84},[412,91281,91283],{"id":91282},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91284,91285],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91287,91288],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[43,91290,91292],{"className":45,"code":91291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91293,91294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91295,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91297,81],{"class":80},[52,91299,85],{"class":84},[52,91301,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91303,85],{"class":84},[52,91305,60122],{"class":80},[52,91307,85],{"class":84},[52,91309,3106],{"class":608},[52,91311,318],{"class":84},[52,91313,688],{"class":608},[52,91315,318],{"class":84},[52,91317,3111],{"class":608},[52,91319,546],{"class":84},[20,91321,135],{},[43,91323,91325],{"className":45,"code":91324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91326,91327],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91328,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91330,4021],{"class":84},[52,91332,3106],{"class":608},[52,91334,318],{"class":84},[52,91336,609],{"class":608},[52,91338,318],{"class":84},[52,91340,4726],{"class":608},[52,91342,318],{"class":84},[52,91344,6117],{"class":608},[52,91346,318],{"class":84},[52,91348,54258],{"class":608},[52,91350,3757],{"class":84},[38,91352,91354],{"id":91353},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91356,91357],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[412,91359,91361],{"id":91360},"range5",[15,91362,90968],{},[43,91364,91365],{"className":45,"code":91161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91366,91367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91368,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91370,81],{"class":80},[52,91372,85],{"class":84},[52,91374,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91376,85],{"class":84},[52,91378,60122],{"class":80},[52,91380,85],{"class":84},[52,91382,2252],{"class":608},[52,91384,546],{"class":84},[20,91386,135],{},[43,91388,91389],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91390,91391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91394,4021],{"class":84},[52,91396,2235],{"class":608},[52,91398,318],{"class":84},[52,91400,5621],{"class":608},[52,91402,318],{"class":84},[52,91404,3111],{"class":608},[52,91406,318],{"class":84},[52,91408,609],{"class":608},[52,91410,318],{"class":84},[52,91412,2575],{"class":608},[52,91414,3757],{"class":84},[20,91416,91220,91417,91223,91419,92],{},[15,91418,2235],{},[15,91420,2252],{},[412,91422,91424],{"id":91423},"range2-6",[15,91425,91426],{},"range(2, 6)",[43,91428,91429],{"className":45,"code":91228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91430,91431],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91432,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91434,81],{"class":80},[52,91436,85],{"class":84},[52,91438,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91440,85],{"class":84},[52,91442,60122],{"class":80},[52,91444,85],{"class":84},[52,91446,2172],{"class":608},[52,91448,318],{"class":84},[52,91450,37769],{"class":608},[52,91452,546],{"class":84},[20,91454,135],{},[43,91456,91457],{"className":45,"code":91257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91458,91459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91460,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91462,4021],{"class":84},[52,91464,2172],{"class":608},[52,91466,318],{"class":84},[52,91468,609],{"class":608},[52,91470,318],{"class":84},[52,91472,2575],{"class":608},[52,91474,318],{"class":84},[52,91476,4726],{"class":608},[52,91478,3757],{"class":84},[20,91480,91220,91481,91223,91483,92],{},[15,91482,2172],{},[15,91484,80714],{},[412,91486,91488],{"id":91487},"range1-10-2",[15,91489,91490],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[43,91492,91493],{"className":45,"code":91291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91494,91495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91496,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517,91519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91498,81],{"class":80},[52,91500,85],{"class":84},[52,91502,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91504,85],{"class":84},[52,91506,60122],{"class":80},[52,91508,85],{"class":84},[52,91510,3106],{"class":608},[52,91512,318],{"class":84},[52,91514,688],{"class":608},[52,91516,318],{"class":84},[52,91518,3111],{"class":608},[52,91520,546],{"class":84},[20,91522,135],{},[43,91524,91525],{"className":45,"code":91324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91526,91527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91528,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91530,4021],{"class":84},[52,91532,3106],{"class":608},[52,91534,318],{"class":84},[52,91536,609],{"class":608},[52,91538,318],{"class":84},[52,91540,4726],{"class":608},[52,91542,318],{"class":84},[52,91544,6117],{"class":608},[52,91546,318],{"class":84},[52,91548,54258],{"class":608},[52,91550,3757],{"class":84},[20,91552,91553,91554,91556,91557,61422,91559,92],{},"This moves by ",[15,91555,2172],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91558,3106],{},[15,91560,2260],{},[412,91562,91564],{"id":91563},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91566,91567,91568,91570],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91569,36323],{}," count backward.",[43,91572,91574],{"className":45,"code":91573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91575,91576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91577,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91579,81],{"class":80},[52,91581,85],{"class":84},[52,91583,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91585,85],{"class":84},[52,91587,60122],{"class":80},[52,91589,85],{"class":84},[52,91591,2252],{"class":608},[52,91593,318],{"class":84},[52,91595,683],{"class":608},[52,91597,318],{"class":84},[52,91599,2338],{"class":62},[52,91601,3106],{"class":608},[52,91603,546],{"class":84},[20,91605,135],{},[43,91607,91609],{"className":45,"code":91608,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91610,91611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91612,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91614,4021],{"class":84},[52,91616,2252],{"class":608},[52,91618,318],{"class":84},[52,91620,2575],{"class":608},[52,91622,318],{"class":84},[52,91624,609],{"class":608},[52,91626,318],{"class":84},[52,91628,3111],{"class":608},[52,91630,318],{"class":84},[52,91632,5621],{"class":608},[52,91634,3757],{"class":84},[20,91636,91637],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91639,91640],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[43,91642,91644],{"className":45,"code":91643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91645,91646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91647,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91649,81],{"class":80},[52,91651,85],{"class":84},[52,91653,8217],{"class":1929},[52,91655,85],{"class":84},[52,91657,60122],{"class":80},[52,91659,85],{"class":84},[52,91661,3106],{"class":608},[52,91663,318],{"class":84},[52,91665,4726],{"class":608},[52,91667,318],{"class":84},[52,91669,2338],{"class":62},[52,91671,3106],{"class":608},[52,91673,546],{"class":84},[20,91675,135],{},[43,91677,91678],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91679,91680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91681,91682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91683,38423],{"class":84},[412,91685,91686,76709,91688],{"id":76933},[15,91687,75549],{},[15,91689,2235],{},[20,91691,2955],{},[43,91693,91695],{"className":45,"code":91694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91696,91697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91698,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91700,60122],{"class":80},[52,91702,85],{"class":84},[52,91704,3106],{"class":608},[52,91706,318],{"class":84},[52,91708,4726],{"class":608},[52,91710,318],{"class":84},[52,91712,683],{"class":608},[52,91714,329],{"class":84},[20,91716,76978,91717,91719],{},[15,91718,40830],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[38,91721,1828,91723,91725,91726,91728],{"id":91722},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91724,36323],{}," in a ",[15,91727,6081],{}," loop",[20,91730,91731,91733],{},[15,91732,36323],{}," is most useful when:",[176,91735,91736,91739,91742],{},[179,91737,91738],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[179,91740,91741],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[179,91743,91744,91745],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91746,91747],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91749,197],{},[43,91751,91753],{"className":45,"code":91752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91754,91755,91771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91756,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91758,6081],{"class":761},[52,91760,69668],{"class":58},[52,91762,1638],{"class":761},[52,91764,54192],{"class":80},[52,91766,85],{"class":84},[52,91768,627],{"class":608},[52,91770,779],{"class":84},[52,91772,91773,91775,91777,91779,91782,91784,91786,91788],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91774,784],{"class":80},[52,91776,85],{"class":84},[52,91778,100],{"class":66},[52,91780,91781],{"class":70},"Loop number:",[52,91783,100],{"class":66},[52,91785,318],{"class":84},[52,91787,36254],{"class":88},[52,91789,329],{"class":84},[20,91791,135],{},[43,91793,91795],{"className":45,"code":91794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91796,91797,91806,91814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91798,91799,91802,91804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91800,91801],{"class":58},"Loop number",[52,91803,174],{"class":84},[52,91805,38639],{"class":608},[52,91807,91808,91810,91812],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91809,91801],{"class":58},[52,91811,174],{"class":84},[52,91813,29741],{"class":608},[52,91815,91816,91818,91820],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,91817,91801],{"class":58},[52,91819,174],{"class":84},[52,91821,45712],{"class":608},[412,91823,91825],{"id":91824},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[43,91827,91829],{"className":45,"code":91828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91830,91831,91847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91832,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91834,6081],{"class":761},[52,91836,69668],{"class":58},[52,91838,1638],{"class":761},[52,91840,54192],{"class":80},[52,91842,85],{"class":84},[52,91844,2252],{"class":608},[52,91846,779],{"class":84},[52,91848,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91850,784],{"class":80},[52,91852,85],{"class":84},[52,91854,100],{"class":66},[52,91856,34992],{"class":70},[52,91858,100],{"class":66},[52,91860,329],{"class":84},[20,91862,91863,91864,91866],{},"This prints ",[15,91865,90532],{}," five times.",[412,91868,91870],{"id":91869},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[43,91872,91874],{"className":45,"code":91873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91875,91876,91896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91877,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91879,6081],{"class":761},[52,91881,69668],{"class":58},[52,91883,1638],{"class":761},[52,91885,54192],{"class":80},[52,91887,85],{"class":84},[52,91889,3106],{"class":608},[52,91891,318],{"class":84},[52,91893,2575],{"class":608},[52,91895,779],{"class":84},[52,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91907,91909,91911,91913],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91899,784],{"class":80},[52,91901,85],{"class":84},[52,91903,100],{"class":66},[52,91905,91906],{"class":70},"Current number is",[52,91908,100],{"class":66},[52,91910,318],{"class":84},[52,91912,36254],{"class":88},[52,91914,329],{"class":84},[20,91916,135],{},[43,91918,91920],{"className":45,"code":91919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91921,91922,91931,91939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91923,91924,91927,91929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91925,91926],{"class":58},"Current number ",[52,91928,835],{"class":62},[52,91930,29741],{"class":608},[52,91932,91933,91935,91937],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91934,91926],{"class":58},[52,91936,835],{"class":62},[52,91938,45712],{"class":608},[52,91940,91941,91943,91945],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,91942,91926],{"class":58},[52,91944,835],{"class":62},[52,91946,2696],{"class":608},[412,91948,91950,91952],{"id":91949},"range-and-indexing",[15,91951,36323],{}," and indexing",[20,91954,91955],{},"You may see code like this:",[43,91957,91959],{"className":45,"code":91958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91960,91961,91993,91997,92017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91962,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91964,7903],{"class":58},[52,91966,63],{"class":62},[52,91968,3744],{"class":84},[52,91970,100],{"class":66},[52,91972,289],{"class":70},[52,91974,100],{"class":66},[52,91976,318],{"class":84},[52,91978,67],{"class":66},[52,91980,4883],{"class":70},[52,91982,100],{"class":66},[52,91984,318],{"class":84},[52,91986,67],{"class":66},[52,91988,9860],{"class":70},[52,91990,100],{"class":66},[52,91992,3757],{"class":84},[52,91994,91995],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,91996,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,91998,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92000,6081],{"class":761},[52,92002,69668],{"class":58},[52,92004,1638],{"class":761},[52,92006,54192],{"class":80},[52,92008,85],{"class":84},[52,92010,11284],{"class":80},[52,92012,85],{"class":84},[52,92014,7934],{"class":88},[52,92016,69683],{"class":84},[52,92018,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92020,784],{"class":80},[52,92022,85],{"class":84},[52,92024,36279],{"class":88},[52,92026,318],{"class":84},[52,92028,6089],{"class":88},[52,92030,4021],{"class":84},[52,92032,36279],{"class":88},[52,92034,4009],{"class":84},[20,92036,135],{},[43,92038,92039],{"className":45,"code":36291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92040,92041,92047,92053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92042,92043,92045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92044,2235],{"class":608},[52,92046,36300],{"class":58},[52,92048,92049,92051],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92050,3106],{"class":608},[52,92052,36307],{"class":58},[52,92054,92055,92057],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92056,2172],{"class":608},[52,92058,36314],{"class":58},[20,92060,92061,92062,92066],{},"This works, and it uses ",[289,92063,92064],{"href":42483},[15,92065,42486],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92068,92069],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[43,92071,92073],{"className":45,"code":92072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92074,92075,92107,92111,92123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92076,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92078,7903],{"class":58},[52,92080,63],{"class":62},[52,92082,3744],{"class":84},[52,92084,100],{"class":66},[52,92086,289],{"class":70},[52,92088,100],{"class":66},[52,92090,318],{"class":84},[52,92092,67],{"class":66},[52,92094,4883],{"class":70},[52,92096,100],{"class":66},[52,92098,318],{"class":84},[52,92100,67],{"class":66},[52,92102,9860],{"class":70},[52,92104,100],{"class":66},[52,92106,3757],{"class":84},[52,92108,92109],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92110,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,92112,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92114,6081],{"class":761},[52,92116,6084],{"class":58},[52,92118,1638],{"class":761},[52,92120,6089],{"class":58},[52,92122,804],{"class":84},[52,92124,92125,92127,92129,92131],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92126,784],{"class":80},[52,92128,85],{"class":84},[52,92130,23437],{"class":88},[52,92132,329],{"class":84},[20,92134,36718,92135,92140],{},[289,92136,92138],{"href":92137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92139,35875],{}," is usually a better choice:",[43,92142,92144],{"className":45,"code":92143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92145,92146,92178,92182,92202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92147,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92149,7903],{"class":58},[52,92151,63],{"class":62},[52,92153,3744],{"class":84},[52,92155,100],{"class":66},[52,92157,289],{"class":70},[52,92159,100],{"class":66},[52,92161,318],{"class":84},[52,92163,67],{"class":66},[52,92165,4883],{"class":70},[52,92167,100],{"class":66},[52,92169,318],{"class":84},[52,92171,67],{"class":66},[52,92173,9860],{"class":70},[52,92175,100],{"class":66},[52,92177,3757],{"class":84},[52,92179,92180],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92181,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,92183,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92185,6081],{"class":761},[52,92187,35947],{"class":58},[52,92189,318],{"class":84},[52,92191,6084],{"class":58},[52,92193,1638],{"class":761},[52,92195,35957],{"class":80},[52,92197,85],{"class":84},[52,92199,7934],{"class":88},[52,92201,779],{"class":84},[52,92203,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92205,784],{"class":80},[52,92207,85],{"class":84},[52,92209,35972],{"class":88},[52,92211,318],{"class":84},[52,92213,29633],{"class":88},[52,92215,329],{"class":84},[20,92217,79238,92218,92],{},[289,92219,36731,92220,36734],{"href":36730},[15,92221,35875],{},[38,92223,92225,92226,92228],{"id":92224},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92227,36323],{}," to a list",[20,92230,92231,92233],{},[15,92232,36323],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92235,92236,92237,174],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92238,24907],{},[43,92240,92242],{"className":45,"code":92241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92243,92244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92245,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92247,81],{"class":80},[52,92249,85],{"class":84},[52,92251,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92253,85],{"class":84},[52,92255,60122],{"class":80},[52,92257,85],{"class":84},[52,92259,627],{"class":608},[52,92261,546],{"class":84},[20,92263,135],{},[43,92265,92267],{"className":45,"code":92266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92268,92269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92270,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281,92283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92272,4021],{"class":84},[52,92274,2235],{"class":608},[52,92276,318],{"class":84},[52,92278,5621],{"class":608},[52,92280,318],{"class":84},[52,92282,3111],{"class":608},[52,92284,3757],{"class":84},[20,92286,33438],{},[176,92288,92289,92294,92297],{},[179,92290,92291,92292,42210],{},"learning how ",[15,92293,36323],{},[179,92295,92296],{},"checking your values",[179,92298,92299],{},"debugging code",[20,92301,5595],{},[43,92303,92305],{"className":45,"code":92304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92306,92307,92321,92325,92335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92308,92309,92311,92313,92315,92317,92319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92310,3739],{"class":58},[52,92312,63],{"class":62},[52,92314,54192],{"class":80},[52,92316,85],{"class":84},[52,92318,2623],{"class":608},[52,92320,329],{"class":84},[52,92322,92323],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92324,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,92326,92327,92329,92331,92333],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92328,81],{"class":80},[52,92330,85],{"class":84},[52,92332,3771],{"class":88},[52,92334,329],{"class":84},[52,92336,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92338,81],{"class":80},[52,92340,85],{"class":84},[52,92342,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92344,85],{"class":84},[52,92346,3771],{"class":88},[52,92348,108],{"class":84},[20,92350,135],{},[43,92352,92354],{"className":45,"code":92353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92355,92356,92370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92357,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92359,60122],{"class":80},[52,92361,85],{"class":84},[52,92363,2235],{"class":608},[52,92365,318],{"class":84},[52,92367,2575],{"class":608},[52,92369,329],{"class":84},[52,92371,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92373,4021],{"class":84},[52,92375,2235],{"class":608},[52,92377,318],{"class":84},[52,92379,5621],{"class":608},[52,92381,318],{"class":84},[52,92383,3111],{"class":608},[52,92385,318],{"class":84},[52,92387,609],{"class":608},[52,92389,3757],{"class":84},[20,92391,92392,92393,10707,92395,92398],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92394,60122],{},[15,92396,92397],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[38,92400,4640],{"id":4639},[20,92402,33667,92403,92],{},[15,92404,36323],{},[412,92406,92408],{"id":92407},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92410,92411],{},"Many beginners think this:",[43,92413,92415],{"className":45,"code":92414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92416,92417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92418,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92420,81],{"class":80},[52,92422,85],{"class":84},[52,92424,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92426,85],{"class":84},[52,92428,60122],{"class":80},[52,92430,85],{"class":84},[52,92432,3106],{"class":608},[52,92434,318],{"class":84},[52,92436,4726],{"class":608},[52,92438,546],{"class":84},[20,92440,92441],{},"will produce:",[43,92443,92445],{"className":45,"code":92444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92446,92447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92448,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92450,4021],{"class":84},[52,92452,3106],{"class":608},[52,92454,318],{"class":84},[52,92456,3111],{"class":608},[52,92458,318],{"class":84},[52,92460,609],{"class":608},[52,92462,318],{"class":84},[52,92464,2575],{"class":608},[52,92466,318],{"class":84},[52,92468,4726],{"class":608},[52,92470,3757],{"class":84},[20,92472,92473],{},"But the real output is:",[43,92475,92476],{"className":45,"code":53627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92477,92478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92479,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92481,4021],{"class":84},[52,92483,3106],{"class":608},[52,92485,318],{"class":84},[52,92487,3111],{"class":608},[52,92489,318],{"class":84},[52,92491,609],{"class":608},[52,92493,318],{"class":84},[52,92495,2575],{"class":608},[52,92497,3757],{"class":84},[20,92499,92500],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[412,92502,4700,92504,92506,92507],{"id":92503},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92505,90968],{}," starts at ",[15,92508,3106],{},[20,92510,37593,92511,19089,92513,92],{},[15,92512,2235],{},[15,92514,3106],{},[43,92516,92517],{"className":45,"code":91161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92518,92519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92520,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92522,81],{"class":80},[52,92524,85],{"class":84},[52,92526,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92528,85],{"class":84},[52,92530,60122],{"class":80},[52,92532,85],{"class":84},[52,92534,2252],{"class":608},[52,92536,546],{"class":84},[20,92538,135],{},[43,92540,92541],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92542,92543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92544,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92546,4021],{"class":84},[52,92548,2235],{"class":608},[52,92550,318],{"class":84},[52,92552,5621],{"class":608},[52,92554,318],{"class":84},[52,92556,3111],{"class":608},[52,92558,318],{"class":84},[52,92560,609],{"class":608},[52,92562,318],{"class":84},[52,92564,2575],{"class":608},[52,92566,3757],{"class":84},[412,92568,92570],{"id":92569},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92572,92573,92574,174],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92575,3075],{},[43,92577,92579],{"className":45,"code":92578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92580,92581,92600,92604,92621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92582,92583,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92584,92585],{"class":58},"user_number ",[52,92587,63],{"class":62},[52,92589,8366],{"class":80},[52,92591,85],{"class":84},[52,92593,100],{"class":66},[52,92595,41996],{"class":70},[52,92597,100],{"class":66},[52,92599,329],{"class":84},[52,92601,92602],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92603,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,92605,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616,92619],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92607,6081],{"class":761},[52,92609,69668],{"class":58},[52,92611,1638],{"class":761},[52,92613,54192],{"class":80},[52,92615,85],{"class":84},[52,92617,92618],{"class":88},"user_number",[52,92620,779],{"class":84},[52,92622,92623,92625,92627,92629],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92624,784],{"class":80},[52,92626,85],{"class":84},[52,92628,36279],{"class":88},[52,92630,329],{"class":84},[20,92632,48634,92633,92635],{},[15,92634,3075],{}," returns a string.",[20,92637,10929],{},[43,92639,92641],{"className":45,"code":92640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92642,92643,92665,92669,92685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92644,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92646,92585],{"class":58},[52,92648,63],{"class":62},[52,92650,45399],{"class":1929},[52,92652,85],{"class":84},[52,92654,42588],{"class":80},[52,92656,85],{"class":84},[52,92658,100],{"class":66},[52,92660,41996],{"class":70},[52,92662,100],{"class":66},[52,92664,108],{"class":84},[52,92666,92667],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92668,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,92670,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92672,6081],{"class":761},[52,92674,69668],{"class":58},[52,92676,1638],{"class":761},[52,92678,54192],{"class":80},[52,92680,85],{"class":84},[52,92682,92618],{"class":88},[52,92684,779],{"class":84},[52,92686,92687,92689,92691,92693],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92688,784],{"class":80},[52,92690,85],{"class":84},[52,92692,36279],{"class":88},[52,92694,329],{"class":84},[20,92696,92697,92698,92],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[289,92699,50647,92700],{"href":50646},[15,92701,50650],{},[412,92703,92705,92706,92708,92709],{"id":92704},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92707,341],{}," smaller than ",[15,92710,75546],{},[20,92712,92713],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[43,92715,92716],{"className":45,"code":91643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92717,92718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92719,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92721,81],{"class":80},[52,92723,85],{"class":84},[52,92725,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92727,85],{"class":84},[52,92729,60122],{"class":80},[52,92731,85],{"class":84},[52,92733,3106],{"class":608},[52,92735,318],{"class":84},[52,92737,4726],{"class":608},[52,92739,318],{"class":84},[52,92741,2338],{"class":62},[52,92743,3106],{"class":608},[52,92745,546],{"class":84},[20,92747,135],{},[43,92749,92750],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92751,92752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92753,92754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92755,38423],{"class":84},[20,92757,92758],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[412,92760,25742,92762],{"id":92761},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92763,92764],{},"step = 0",[20,92766,77689],{},[43,92768,92770],{"className":45,"code":92769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92771,92772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92773,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92775,60122],{"class":80},[52,92777,85],{"class":84},[52,92779,3106],{"class":608},[52,92781,318],{"class":84},[52,92783,688],{"class":608},[52,92785,318],{"class":84},[52,92787,683],{"class":608},[52,92789,329],{"class":84},[20,92791,92792],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[412,92794,4826,92796,92798],{"id":92795},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92797,36323],{}," is not a list",[20,92800,92801],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[43,92803,92805],{"className":45,"code":92804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92806,92807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92808,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92810,81],{"class":80},[52,92812,85],{"class":84},[52,92814,60122],{"class":80},[52,92816,85],{"class":84},[52,92818,2252],{"class":608},[52,92820,108],{"class":84},[20,92822,135],{},[43,92824,92826],{"className":45,"code":92825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92827,92828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92829,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92831,60122],{"class":80},[52,92833,85],{"class":84},[52,92835,2235],{"class":608},[52,92837,318],{"class":84},[52,92839,4726],{"class":608},[52,92841,329],{"class":84},[20,92843,92844],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[43,92846,92847],{"className":45,"code":91161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92848,92849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92850,92851,92853,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92852,81],{"class":80},[52,92854,85],{"class":84},[52,92856,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92858,85],{"class":84},[52,92860,60122],{"class":80},[52,92862,85],{"class":84},[52,92864,2252],{"class":608},[52,92866,546],{"class":84},[20,92868,135],{},[43,92870,92871],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92872,92873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92874,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92876,4021],{"class":84},[52,92878,2235],{"class":608},[52,92880,318],{"class":84},[52,92882,5621],{"class":608},[52,92884,318],{"class":84},[52,92886,3111],{"class":608},[52,92888,318],{"class":84},[52,92890,609],{"class":608},[52,92892,318],{"class":84},[52,92894,2575],{"class":608},[52,92896,3757],{"class":84},[38,92898,92900],{"id":92899},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92902,8995,92903,82460],{},[15,92904,36323],{},[43,92906,92908],{"className":45,"code":92907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92909,92910,92924,92942,92964,92992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92911,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92913,81],{"class":80},[52,92915,85],{"class":84},[52,92917,60122],{"class":80},[52,92919,85],{"class":84},[52,92921,2252],{"class":608},[52,92923,108],{"class":84},[52,92925,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,92927,81],{"class":80},[52,92929,85],{"class":84},[52,92931,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92933,85],{"class":84},[52,92935,60122],{"class":80},[52,92937,85],{"class":84},[52,92939,2252],{"class":608},[52,92941,546],{"class":84},[52,92943,92944,92946,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,92945,81],{"class":80},[52,92947,85],{"class":84},[52,92949,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92951,85],{"class":84},[52,92953,60122],{"class":80},[52,92955,85],{"class":84},[52,92957,2172],{"class":608},[52,92959,318],{"class":84},[52,92961,6483],{"class":608},[52,92963,546],{"class":84},[52,92965,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,92967,81],{"class":80},[52,92969,85],{"class":84},[52,92971,8217],{"class":1929},[52,92973,85],{"class":84},[52,92975,60122],{"class":80},[52,92977,85],{"class":84},[52,92979,2448],{"class":608},[52,92981,318],{"class":84},[52,92983,683],{"class":608},[52,92985,318],{"class":84},[52,92987,2338],{"class":62},[52,92989,2172],{"class":608},[52,92991,546],{"class":84},[52,92993,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006,93008],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,92995,81],{"class":80},[52,92997,85],{"class":84},[52,92999,1930],{"class":1929},[52,93001,85],{"class":84},[52,93003,60122],{"class":80},[52,93005,85],{"class":84},[52,93007,2252],{"class":608},[52,93009,546],{"class":84},[20,93011,26134],{},[176,93013,93014,93017,93020],{},[179,93015,93016],{},"what values are being created",[179,93018,93019],{},"whether the direction is correct",[179,93021,93022,93023,24744],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93024,60122],{},[38,93026,1940],{"id":1939},[412,93028,1944,93030,93032],{"id":93029},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93031,36323],{}," include the last number?",[20,93034,93035],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[412,93037,5282,93039,93041,93042,1993],{"id":93038},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93040,90968],{}," start at ",[15,93043,2235],{},[20,93045,93046,93047,92],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93048,2235],{},[412,93050,1958,93052,93054],{"id":93051},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93053,36323],{}," count backward?",[20,93056,93057,93058,92],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93059,93060],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[412,93062,1971,93064,26169],{"id":93063},"is-range-a-list",[15,93065,36323],{},[20,93067,26172,93068,93070,93071,24065],{},[15,93069,60122],{}," object. Use ",[15,93072,93073],{},"list(range(...))",[412,93075,5282,93077,48808],{"id":93076},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93078,93079],{},"range(input())",[20,93081,93082,3604,93084,92],{},[15,93083,3075],{},[15,93085,93086],{},"int(input())",[38,93088,2005],{"id":2004},[176,93090,93091,93095,93101,93107,93113],{},[179,93092,93093],{},[289,93094,36155],{"href":36154},[179,93096,93097],{},[289,93098,3696,93099,3629],{"href":42483},[15,93100,42486],{},[179,93102,93103],{},[289,93104,3696,93105,3629],{"href":92137},[15,93106,35875],{},[179,93108,93109],{},[289,93110,37644,93111,36734],{"href":36730},[15,93112,35875],{},[179,93114,93115],{},[289,93116,50647,93117],{"href":50646},[15,93118,50650],{},[2035,93120,93121],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":93123},[93124,93125,93127,93133,93141,93148,93150,93162,93163,93175],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":90977,"depth":77,"text":93126},"What range() does",{"id":91070,"depth":77,"text":93128,"children":93129},"range() syntax",[93130,93131,93132],{"id":91150,"depth":111,"text":91153},{"id":91214,"depth":111,"text":91217},{"id":91282,"depth":111,"text":91285},{"id":91353,"depth":77,"text":91354,"children":93134},[93135,93136,93137,93138,93139],{"id":91360,"depth":111,"text":90968},{"id":91423,"depth":111,"text":91426},{"id":91487,"depth":111,"text":91490},{"id":91563,"depth":111,"text":91564},{"id":76933,"depth":111,"text":93140},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91722,"depth":77,"text":93142,"children":93143},"Using range() in a for loop",[93144,93145,93146],{"id":91824,"depth":111,"text":91825},{"id":91869,"depth":111,"text":91870},{"id":91949,"depth":111,"text":93147},"range() and indexing",{"id":92224,"depth":77,"text":93149},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":93151},[93152,93153,93155,93156,93158,93160],{"id":92407,"depth":111,"text":92408},{"id":92503,"depth":111,"text":93154},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92569,"depth":111,"text":92570},{"id":92704,"depth":111,"text":93157},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92761,"depth":111,"text":93159},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92795,"depth":111,"text":93161},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92899,"depth":77,"text":92900},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":93164},[93165,93167,93169,93171,93173],{"id":93029,"depth":111,"text":93166},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93038,"depth":111,"text":93168},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93051,"depth":111,"text":93170},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93063,"depth":111,"text":93172},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93076,"depth":111,"text":93174},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90871,"description":93176},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93183,"title":93184,"body":93185,"description":94858,"extension":2078,"meta":94859,"navigation":221,"path":94860,"seo":94861,"stem":94862,"__hash__":94863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93186,"toc":94831},[93187,93196,93203,93220,93236,93238,93287,93295,93299,93302,93322,93324,93388,93390,93433,93436,93482,93484,93517,93527,93533,93541,93558,93560,93591,93593,93618,93623,93634,93637,93707,93709,93740,93745,93750,93767,93769,93820,93822,93855,93858,93865,93870,93874,93890,93892,93936,93938,93984,93987,94000,94005,94009,94023,94025,94076,94078,94111,94116,94118,94125,94127,94150,94152,94217,94219,94236,94239,94272,94274,94302,94312,94319,94323,94326,94344,94347,94375,94378,94396,94401,94407,94410,94432,94434,94462,94464,94467,94492,94495,94608,94610,94689,94691,94697,94702,94710,94718,94722,94725,94727,94760,94762,94770,94776,94783,94790,94793,94795,94828],[10,93188,3696,93190,10707,93192,93195],{"id":93189},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93191,36323],{},[15,93193,93194],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93197,93198,342,93200,93202],{},[15,93199,36323],{},[15,93201,93194],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[176,93204,93205,93213],{},[179,93206,93207,93209,93210],{},[15,93208,36323],{}," creates a ",[3865,93211,93212],{},"range object",[179,93214,93215,93209,93217],{},[15,93216,93194],{},[3865,93218,93219],{},"real list",[20,93221,93222,93223,93225,93226,93229,93230,93232,93233,93235],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93224,90968],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93227,93228],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93231,36323],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93234,93194],{}," when you actually need a list.",[38,93237,3729],{"id":3728},[43,93239,93241],{"className":45,"code":93240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93242,93243,93257,93270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93244,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93246,3739],{"class":58},[52,93248,63],{"class":62},[52,93250,54192],{"class":80},[52,93252,85],{"class":84},[52,93254,2252],{"class":608},[52,93256,329],{"class":84},[52,93258,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93260,81],{"class":80},[52,93262,85],{"class":84},[52,93264,3771],{"class":88},[52,93266,3784],{"class":84},[52,93268,93269],{"class":1479},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[52,93271,93272,93274,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93273,81],{"class":80},[52,93275,85],{"class":84},[52,93277,8217],{"class":1929},[52,93279,85],{"class":84},[52,93281,3771],{"class":88},[52,93283,5485],{"class":84},[52,93285,93286],{"class":1479},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93288,154,93289,93291,93292,93294],{},[15,93290,36323],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93293,93194],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[38,93296,93298],{"id":93297},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93300,93301],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[176,93303,93304,93311,93316,93319],{},[179,93305,93306,22101,93308,93310],{},[15,93307,36323],{},[3865,93309,93212],{},", not a list",[179,93312,93313,93315],{},[15,93314,93194],{}," converts that range object into a list",[179,93317,93318],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[179,93320,93321],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93323,197],{},[43,93325,93327],{"className":45,"code":93326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93328,93329,93344,93363,93367,93377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93330,93331,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93332,93333],{"class":58},"r ",[52,93335,63],{"class":62},[52,93337,54192],{"class":80},[52,93339,85],{"class":84},[52,93341,2252],{"class":608},[52,93343,329],{"class":84},[52,93345,93346,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93347,93348],{"class":58},"lst ",[52,93350,63],{"class":62},[52,93352,22686],{"class":1929},[52,93354,85],{"class":84},[52,93356,60122],{"class":80},[52,93358,85],{"class":84},[52,93360,2252],{"class":608},[52,93362,108],{"class":84},[52,93364,93365],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93366,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,93368,93369,93371,93373,93375],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,93370,81],{"class":80},[52,93372,85],{"class":84},[52,93374,60628],{"class":88},[52,93376,329],{"class":84},[52,93378,93379,93381,93383,93386],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,93380,81],{"class":80},[52,93382,85],{"class":84},[52,93384,93385],{"class":88},"lst",[52,93387,329],{"class":84},[20,93389,135],{},[43,93391,93393],{"className":45,"code":93392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93394,93395,93409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93396,93397,93399,93401,93403,93405,93407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93398,60122],{"class":80},[52,93400,85],{"class":84},[52,93402,2235],{"class":608},[52,93404,318],{"class":84},[52,93406,4726],{"class":608},[52,93408,329],{"class":84},[52,93410,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93412,4021],{"class":84},[52,93414,2235],{"class":608},[52,93416,318],{"class":84},[52,93418,5621],{"class":608},[52,93420,318],{"class":84},[52,93422,3111],{"class":608},[52,93424,318],{"class":84},[52,93426,609],{"class":608},[52,93428,318],{"class":84},[52,93430,2575],{"class":608},[52,93432,3757],{"class":84},[20,93434,93435],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[43,93437,93439],{"className":45,"code":93438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93440,93441,93459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93442,93443,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93444,81],{"class":80},[52,93446,85],{"class":84},[52,93448,1930],{"class":1929},[52,93450,85],{"class":84},[52,93452,60122],{"class":80},[52,93454,85],{"class":84},[52,93456,2252],{"class":608},[52,93458,546],{"class":84},[52,93460,93461,93463,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473,93475,93477,93479],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93462,81],{"class":80},[52,93464,85],{"class":84},[52,93466,1930],{"class":1929},[52,93468,85],{"class":84},[52,93470,8217],{"class":1929},[52,93472,85],{"class":84},[52,93474,60122],{"class":80},[52,93476,85],{"class":84},[52,93478,2252],{"class":608},[52,93480,93481],{"class":84},"))))\n",[20,93483,135],{},[43,93485,93487],{"className":45,"code":93486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93488,93489,93503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93490,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93492,3410],{"class":62},[52,93494,3413],{"class":2180},[52,93496,3416],{"class":66},[52,93498,60122],{"class":70},[52,93500,1888],{"class":66},[52,93502,3423],{"class":62},[52,93504,93505,93507,93509,93511,93513,93515],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93506,3410],{"class":62},[52,93508,3413],{"class":2180},[52,93510,3416],{"class":66},[52,93512,8217],{"class":70},[52,93514,1888],{"class":66},[52,93516,3423],{"class":62},[20,93518,93519,93520,93522,93523,92],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93521,36323],{}," works, see ",[289,93524,3696,93525,3629],{"href":93178},[15,93526,36323],{},[38,93528,166,93530,93532],{"id":93529},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93531,36323],{}," gives you",[20,93534,93535,93537,93538,93540],{},[15,93536,36323],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93539,6081],{}," loops.",[176,93542,93543,93546,93549,93552],{},[179,93544,93545],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[179,93547,93548],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[179,93550,93551],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[179,93553,93554,93555],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93556,93557],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93559,197],{},[43,93561,93563],{"className":45,"code":93562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93564,93565,93581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93566,93567,93569,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93568,6081],{"class":761},[52,93570,69668],{"class":58},[52,93572,1638],{"class":761},[52,93574,54192],{"class":80},[52,93576,85],{"class":84},[52,93578,2252],{"class":608},[52,93580,779],{"class":84},[52,93582,93583,93585,93587,93589],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93584,784],{"class":80},[52,93586,85],{"class":84},[52,93588,36279],{"class":88},[52,93590,329],{"class":84},[20,93592,135],{},[43,93594,93596],{"className":45,"code":93595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93597,93598,93602,93606,93610,93614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93599,93600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93601,47375],{"class":608},[52,93603,93604],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93605,47040],{"class":608},[52,93607,93608],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93609,17182],{"class":608},[52,93611,93612],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,93613,46740],{"class":608},[52,93615,93616],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,93617,48774],{"class":608},[20,93619,20897,93620,93622],{},[15,93621,90968],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93624,93625,93626,93628,93629,92],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93627,36323],{}," is so common with ",[289,93630,3696,93632,90999],{"href":93631},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93633,6081],{},[20,93635,93636],{},"You can also inspect it:",[43,93638,93640],{"className":45,"code":93639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93641,93642,93664,93668,93678,93692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93643,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93645,93333],{"class":58},[52,93647,63],{"class":62},[52,93649,54192],{"class":80},[52,93651,85],{"class":84},[52,93653,2172],{"class":608},[52,93655,318],{"class":84},[52,93657,688],{"class":608},[52,93659,318],{"class":84},[52,93661,3111],{"class":608},[52,93663,329],{"class":84},[52,93665,93666],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93667,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,93669,93670,93672,93674,93676],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93671,81],{"class":80},[52,93673,85],{"class":84},[52,93675,60628],{"class":88},[52,93677,329],{"class":84},[52,93679,93680,93682,93684,93686,93688,93690],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,93681,81],{"class":80},[52,93683,85],{"class":84},[52,93685,11284],{"class":80},[52,93687,85],{"class":84},[52,93689,60628],{"class":88},[52,93691,108],{"class":84},[52,93693,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702,93705],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,93695,81],{"class":80},[52,93697,85],{"class":84},[52,93699,80714],{"class":608},[52,93701,1702],{"class":761},[52,93703,93704],{"class":88}," r",[52,93706,329],{"class":84},[20,93708,135],{},[43,93710,93712],{"className":45,"code":93711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93713,93714,93732,93736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93715,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93717,60122],{"class":80},[52,93719,85],{"class":84},[52,93721,2172],{"class":608},[52,93723,318],{"class":84},[52,93725,688],{"class":608},[52,93727,318],{"class":84},[52,93729,3111],{"class":608},[52,93731,329],{"class":84},[52,93733,93734],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93735,48774],{"class":608},[52,93737,93738],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93739,146],{"class":145},[38,93741,166,93743,93532],{"id":93742},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93744,93194],{},[20,93746,93747,93749],{},[15,93748,93194],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[176,93751,93752,93755,93758,93761],{},[179,93753,93754],{},"It creates all values at once",[179,93756,93757],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[179,93759,93760],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[179,93762,93763,93764,93766],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93765,36323],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93768,197],{},[43,93770,93772],{"className":45,"code":93771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93773,93774,93792,93796,93806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93775,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93777,3739],{"class":58},[52,93779,63],{"class":62},[52,93781,22686],{"class":1929},[52,93783,85],{"class":84},[52,93785,60122],{"class":80},[52,93787,85],{"class":84},[52,93789,2252],{"class":608},[52,93791,108],{"class":84},[52,93793,93794],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93795,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,93797,93798,93800,93802,93804],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93799,81],{"class":80},[52,93801,85],{"class":84},[52,93803,3771],{"class":88},[52,93805,329],{"class":84},[52,93807,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,93809,81],{"class":80},[52,93811,85],{"class":84},[52,93813,3771],{"class":88},[52,93815,4021],{"class":84},[52,93817,2172],{"class":608},[52,93819,4009],{"class":84},[20,93821,135],{},[43,93823,93825],{"className":45,"code":93824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93826,93827,93851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93828,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93830,4021],{"class":84},[52,93832,2235],{"class":608},[52,93834,318],{"class":84},[52,93836,5621],{"class":608},[52,93838,318],{"class":84},[52,93840,3111],{"class":608},[52,93842,318],{"class":84},[52,93844,609],{"class":608},[52,93846,318],{"class":84},[52,93848,2575],{"class":608},[52,93850,3757],{"class":84},[52,93852,93853],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93854,17182],{"class":608},[20,93856,93857],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93859,93860,93861,92],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[289,93862,3696,93863,3629],{"href":64969},[15,93864,24907],{},[38,93866,5084,93868],{"id":93867},"when-to-use-range",[15,93869,36323],{},[20,93871,154,93872,10723],{},[15,93873,36323],{},[176,93875,93876,93881,93884,93887],{},[179,93877,93878,93879,91728],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93880,6081],{},[179,93882,93883],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[179,93885,93886],{},"You are working with large sequences",[179,93888,93889],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93891,197],{},[43,93893,93895],{"className":45,"code":93894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93896,93897,93917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93898,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93900,6081],{"class":761},[52,93902,69668],{"class":58},[52,93904,1638],{"class":761},[52,93906,54192],{"class":80},[52,93908,85],{"class":84},[52,93910,3106],{"class":608},[52,93912,318],{"class":84},[52,93914,37769],{"class":608},[52,93916,779],{"class":84},[52,93918,93919,93921,93923,93925,93928,93930,93932,93934],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93920,784],{"class":80},[52,93922,85],{"class":84},[52,93924,100],{"class":66},[52,93926,93927],{"class":70},"Count:",[52,93929,100],{"class":66},[52,93931,318],{"class":84},[52,93933,36254],{"class":88},[52,93935,329],{"class":84},[20,93937,135],{},[43,93939,93941],{"className":45,"code":93940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93942,93943,93952,93960,93968,93976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93944,93945,93948,93950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93946,93947],{"class":58},"Count",[52,93949,174],{"class":84},[52,93951,29741],{"class":608},[52,93953,93954,93956,93958],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,93955,93947],{"class":58},[52,93957,174],{"class":84},[52,93959,45712],{"class":608},[52,93961,93962,93964,93966],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,93963,93947],{"class":58},[52,93965,174],{"class":84},[52,93967,2696],{"class":608},[52,93969,93970,93972,93974],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,93971,93947],{"class":58},[52,93973,174],{"class":84},[52,93975,23790],{"class":608},[52,93977,93978,93980,93982],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,93979,93947],{"class":58},[52,93981,174],{"class":84},[52,93983,34967],{"class":608},[20,93985,93986],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93988,93989,93990,93992,93993,62409,93995,92],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93991,35875],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93994,36724],{},[289,93996,36731,93998,36734],{"href":93997},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93999,35875],{},[38,94001,5084,94003],{"id":94002},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94004,93194],{},[20,94006,154,94007,10723],{},[15,94008,93194],{},[176,94010,94011,94014,94017,94020],{},[179,94012,94013],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[179,94015,94016],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[179,94018,94019],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[179,94021,94022],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94024,197],{},[43,94026,94028],{"className":45,"code":94027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94029,94030,94048,94062,94066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94031,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94033,3739],{"class":58},[52,94035,63],{"class":62},[52,94037,22686],{"class":1929},[52,94039,85],{"class":84},[52,94041,60122],{"class":80},[52,94043,85],{"class":84},[52,94045,2252],{"class":608},[52,94047,108],{"class":84},[52,94049,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94051,3771],{"class":58},[52,94053,92],{"class":84},[52,94055,13677],{"class":88},[52,94057,85],{"class":84},[52,94059,2252],{"class":608},[52,94061,329],{"class":84},[52,94063,94064],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,94065,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,94069,81],{"class":80},[52,94071,85],{"class":84},[52,94073,3771],{"class":88},[52,94075,329],{"class":84},[20,94077,135],{},[43,94079,94081],{"className":45,"code":94080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94082,94083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94084,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105,94107,94109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94086,4021],{"class":84},[52,94088,2235],{"class":608},[52,94090,318],{"class":84},[52,94092,5621],{"class":608},[52,94094,318],{"class":84},[52,94096,3111],{"class":608},[52,94098,318],{"class":84},[52,94100,609],{"class":608},[52,94102,318],{"class":84},[52,94104,2575],{"class":608},[52,94106,318],{"class":84},[52,94108,4726],{"class":608},[52,94110,3757],{"class":84},[20,94112,6183,94113,94115],{},[15,94114,3771],{}," is a list.",[38,94117,15721],{"id":15720},[20,94119,94120,94122,94123,92],{},[15,94121,36323],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3865,94124,37723],{},[20,94126,2222],{},[176,94128,94129,94131,94136,94141,94144],{},[179,94130,22111],{},[179,94132,94133,94134],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94135,42486],{},[179,94137,94138,94139],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94140,1638],{},[179,94142,94143],{},"You can index it",[179,94145,94146,94147,94149],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94148,52775],{}," do not work on it",[20,94151,197],{},[43,94153,94155],{"className":45,"code":94154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94156,94157,94171,94175,94189,94203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94158,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94160,93333],{"class":58},[52,94162,63],{"class":62},[52,94164,54192],{"class":80},[52,94166,85],{"class":84},[52,94168,2252],{"class":608},[52,94170,329],{"class":84},[52,94172,94173],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94174,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,94176,94177,94179,94181,94183,94185,94187],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,94178,81],{"class":80},[52,94180,85],{"class":84},[52,94182,60628],{"class":88},[52,94184,4021],{"class":84},[52,94186,2172],{"class":608},[52,94188,4009],{"class":84},[52,94190,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,94192,81],{"class":80},[52,94194,85],{"class":84},[52,94196,11284],{"class":80},[52,94198,85],{"class":84},[52,94200,60628],{"class":88},[52,94202,108],{"class":84},[52,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,94206,81],{"class":80},[52,94208,85],{"class":84},[52,94210,627],{"class":608},[52,94212,1702],{"class":761},[52,94214,93704],{"class":88},[52,94216,329],{"class":84},[20,94218,135],{},[43,94220,94222],{"className":45,"code":94221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94223,94224,94228,94232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94225,94226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94227,17182],{"class":608},[52,94229,94230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94231,3064],{"class":608},[52,94233,94234],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,94235,146],{"class":145},[20,94237,94238],{},"Now compare that with this:",[43,94240,94242],{"className":45,"code":94241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94243,94244,94258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94247,93333],{"class":58},[52,94249,63],{"class":62},[52,94251,54192],{"class":80},[52,94253,85],{"class":84},[52,94255,2252],{"class":608},[52,94257,329],{"class":84},[52,94259,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94261,60628],{"class":58},[52,94263,92],{"class":84},[52,94265,13677],{"class":88},[52,94267,85],{"class":84},[52,94269,2252],{"class":608},[52,94271,329],{"class":84},[20,94273,135],{},[43,94275,94277],{"className":45,"code":94276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94278,94279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94280,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94296,94298,94300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94282,25797],{"class":1929},[52,94284,174],{"class":84},[52,94286,3416],{"class":66},[52,94288,60122],{"class":70},[52,94290,1888],{"class":66},[52,94292,24744],{"class":1929},[52,94294,94295],{"class":58}," has no attribute ",[52,94297,1888],{"class":66},[52,94299,13677],{"class":70},[52,94301,29826],{"class":66},[20,94303,94304,94305,2305,94307,2309,94309,94311],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94306,52775],{},[15,94308,55651],{},[15,94310,64433],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94313,94314,94315,92],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[289,94316,25805,94317],{"href":35545},[15,94318,34382],{},[38,94320,94322],{"id":94321},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94324,94325],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[43,94327,94328],{"className":45,"code":92804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94329,94330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94331,94332,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94333,81],{"class":80},[52,94335,85],{"class":84},[52,94337,60122],{"class":80},[52,94339,85],{"class":84},[52,94341,2252],{"class":608},[52,94343,108],{"class":84},[20,94345,94346],{},"to show:",[43,94348,94349],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94350,94351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94352,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94354,4021],{"class":84},[52,94356,2235],{"class":608},[52,94358,318],{"class":84},[52,94360,5621],{"class":608},[52,94362,318],{"class":84},[52,94364,3111],{"class":608},[52,94366,318],{"class":84},[52,94368,609],{"class":608},[52,94370,318],{"class":84},[52,94372,2575],{"class":608},[52,94374,3757],{"class":84},[20,94376,94377],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[43,94379,94380],{"className":45,"code":92825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94381,94382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94383,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94385,60122],{"class":80},[52,94387,85],{"class":84},[52,94389,2235],{"class":608},[52,94391,318],{"class":84},[52,94393,4726],{"class":608},[52,94395,329],{"class":84},[20,94397,4749,94398,94400],{},[3865,94399,4752],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94402,94403,94404,94406],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3865,94405,93212],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94408,94409],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[43,94411,94412],{"className":45,"code":91161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94413,94414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94415,94416,94418,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94417,81],{"class":80},[52,94419,85],{"class":84},[52,94421,8217],{"class":1929},[52,94423,85],{"class":84},[52,94425,60122],{"class":80},[52,94427,85],{"class":84},[52,94429,2252],{"class":608},[52,94431,546],{"class":84},[20,94433,135],{},[43,94435,94436],{"className":45,"code":60145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94437,94438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94439,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94441,4021],{"class":84},[52,94443,2235],{"class":608},[52,94445,318],{"class":84},[52,94447,5621],{"class":608},[52,94449,318],{"class":84},[52,94451,3111],{"class":608},[52,94453,318],{"class":84},[52,94455,609],{"class":608},[52,94457,318],{"class":84},[52,94459,2575],{"class":608},[52,94461,3757],{"class":84},[38,94463,1445],{"id":1444},[20,94465,94466],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[176,94468,94469,94475,94478,94484],{},[179,94470,1828,94471,94474],{},[15,94472,94473],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[179,94476,94477],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[179,94479,94480,94481,94483],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94482,36323],{}," is iterable but not a list",[179,94485,1828,94486,94488,94489,94491],{},[15,94487,93194],{}," when plain ",[15,94490,36323],{}," would be simpler",[20,94493,94494],{},"These quick checks can help:",[43,94496,94498],{"className":45,"code":94497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94499,94500,94514,94532,94550,94572,94590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94501,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510,94512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94503,81],{"class":80},[52,94505,85],{"class":84},[52,94507,60122],{"class":80},[52,94509,85],{"class":84},[52,94511,2252],{"class":608},[52,94513,108],{"class":84},[52,94515,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94517,81],{"class":80},[52,94519,85],{"class":84},[52,94521,8217],{"class":1929},[52,94523,85],{"class":84},[52,94525,60122],{"class":80},[52,94527,85],{"class":84},[52,94529,2252],{"class":608},[52,94531,546],{"class":84},[52,94533,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,94535,81],{"class":80},[52,94537,85],{"class":84},[52,94539,1930],{"class":1929},[52,94541,85],{"class":84},[52,94543,60122],{"class":80},[52,94545,85],{"class":84},[52,94547,2252],{"class":608},[52,94549,546],{"class":84},[52,94551,94552,94554,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,94553,81],{"class":80},[52,94555,85],{"class":84},[52,94557,1930],{"class":1929},[52,94559,85],{"class":84},[52,94561,8217],{"class":1929},[52,94563,85],{"class":84},[52,94565,60122],{"class":80},[52,94567,85],{"class":84},[52,94569,2252],{"class":608},[52,94571,93481],{"class":84},[52,94573,94574,94576,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,94575,81],{"class":80},[52,94577,85],{"class":84},[52,94579,627],{"class":608},[52,94581,1702],{"class":761},[52,94583,54192],{"class":80},[52,94585,85],{"class":84},[52,94587,2252],{"class":608},[52,94589,108],{"class":84},[52,94591,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,94593,81],{"class":80},[52,94595,85],{"class":84},[52,94597,11284],{"class":80},[52,94599,85],{"class":84},[52,94601,60122],{"class":80},[52,94603,85],{"class":84},[52,94605,2252],{"class":608},[52,94607,546],{"class":84},[20,94609,135],{},[43,94611,94613],{"className":45,"code":94612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94614,94615,94629,94653,94667,94681,94685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94616,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94618,60122],{"class":80},[52,94620,85],{"class":84},[52,94622,2235],{"class":608},[52,94624,318],{"class":84},[52,94626,4726],{"class":608},[52,94628,329],{"class":84},[52,94630,94631,94633,94635,94637,94639,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94632,4021],{"class":84},[52,94634,2235],{"class":608},[52,94636,318],{"class":84},[52,94638,5621],{"class":608},[52,94640,318],{"class":84},[52,94642,3111],{"class":608},[52,94644,318],{"class":84},[52,94646,609],{"class":608},[52,94648,318],{"class":84},[52,94650,2575],{"class":608},[52,94652,3757],{"class":84},[52,94654,94655,94657,94659,94661,94663,94665],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,94656,3410],{"class":62},[52,94658,3413],{"class":2180},[52,94660,3416],{"class":66},[52,94662,60122],{"class":70},[52,94664,1888],{"class":66},[52,94666,3423],{"class":62},[52,94668,94669,94671,94673,94675,94677,94679],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,94670,3410],{"class":62},[52,94672,3413],{"class":2180},[52,94674,3416],{"class":66},[52,94676,8217],{"class":70},[52,94678,1888],{"class":66},[52,94680,3423],{"class":62},[52,94682,94683],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,94684,146],{"class":145},[52,94686,94687],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,94688,3064],{"class":608},[38,94690,1940],{"id":1939},[412,94692,1971,94694,94696],{"id":94693},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94695,36323],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94698,46488,94699,94701],{},[15,94700,36323],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[412,94703,94705,94706,11214,94708,1993],{"id":94704},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94707,36323],{},[15,94709,93194],{},[20,94711,94712,94714,94715,94717],{},[15,94713,36323],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94716,93194],{}," creates a full list.",[412,94719,94721],{"id":94720},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94723,94724],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94726,197],{},[43,94728,94730],{"className":45,"code":94729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94731,94732,94746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94733,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94735,93333],{"class":58},[52,94737,63],{"class":62},[52,94739,54192],{"class":80},[52,94741,85],{"class":84},[52,94743,2252],{"class":608},[52,94745,329],{"class":84},[52,94747,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94749,81],{"class":80},[52,94751,85],{"class":84},[52,94753,60628],{"class":88},[52,94755,4021],{"class":84},[52,94757,3106],{"class":608},[52,94759,4009],{"class":84},[20,94761,135],{},[43,94763,94764],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94765,94766],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94767,94768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94769,47040],{"class":608},[412,94771,5282,94773,94775],{"id":94772},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94774,94473],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94777,94778,94779,94782],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94780,94781],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[412,94784,94786,94787,94789],{"id":94785},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94788,36323],{}," to a list?",[20,94791,94792],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[38,94794,2005],{"id":2004},[176,94796,94797,94803,94809,94816,94822],{},[179,94798,94799],{},[289,94800,3696,94801,3629],{"href":93178},[15,94802,36323],{},[179,94804,94805],{},[289,94806,3696,94807,3629],{"href":64969},[15,94808,24907],{},[179,94810,94811],{},[289,94812,3696,94813,94815],{"href":93631},[15,94814,6081],{}," loops explained",[179,94817,94818],{},[289,94819,37644,94820,36734],{"href":93997},[15,94821,35875],{},[179,94823,94824],{},[289,94825,26248,94826],{"href":35545},[15,94827,34382],{},[2035,94829,94830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":94832},[94833,94834,94835,94837,94839,94841,94843,94844,94845,94846,94857],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":93297,"depth":77,"text":93298},{"id":93529,"depth":77,"text":94836},"What range() gives you",{"id":93742,"depth":77,"text":94838},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93867,"depth":77,"text":94840},"When to use range()",{"id":94002,"depth":77,"text":94842},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15720,"depth":77,"text":15721},{"id":94321,"depth":77,"text":94322},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":94847},[94848,94850,94852,94853,94855],{"id":94693,"depth":111,"text":94849},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94704,"depth":111,"text":94851},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94720,"depth":111,"text":94721},{"id":94772,"depth":111,"text":94854},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94785,"depth":111,"text":94856},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93184,"description":94858},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94865,"title":94866,"body":94867,"description":96303,"extension":2078,"meta":96304,"navigation":221,"path":96305,"seo":96306,"stem":96307,"__hash__":96308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94868,"toc":96269},[94869,94875,94880,94883,94897,94900,94902,94941,94943,94956,94964,94969,94985,94988,94990,94992,95013,95030,95033,95092,95094,95113,95118,95124,95127,95161,95163,95176,95179,95224,95226,95249,95256,95262,95265,95306,95308,95322,95325,95383,95385,95400,95413,95419,95425,95490,95492,95511,95513,95531,95534,95538,95544,95546,95579,95581,95594,95604,95607,95668,95670,95691,95694,95696,95712,95717,95721,95726,95731,95787,95789,95807,95810,95855,95857,95865,95870,95874,95888,95890,95922,95924,95933,95935,95939,95948,95951,95983,95985,95997,96000,96004,96009,96050,96052,96060,96063,96086,96090,96092,96101,96104,96157,96159,96168,96172,96177,96188,96190,96199,96202,96208,96211,96217,96227,96235,96242,96244,96266],[10,94870,3696,94872,3700],{"id":94871},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94873,94874],{},"round()",[20,94876,9243,94877,94879],{},[15,94878,94874],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94881,94882],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[176,94884,94885,94891],{},[179,94886,94887,94890],{},[15,94888,94889],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[179,94892,94893,94896],{},[15,94894,94895],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94898,94899],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[38,94901,41],{"id":40},[43,94903,94905],{"className":45,"code":94904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94906,94907,94923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94908,94909,94911,94913,94916,94918,94921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94910,81],{"class":80},[52,94912,85],{"class":84},[52,94914,94915],{"class":80},"round",[52,94917,85],{"class":84},[52,94919,94920],{"class":608},"3.14159",[52,94922,108],{"class":84},[52,94924,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935,94937,94939],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94926,81],{"class":80},[52,94928,85],{"class":84},[52,94930,94915],{"class":80},[52,94932,85],{"class":84},[52,94934,94920],{"class":608},[52,94936,318],{"class":84},[52,94938,3111],{"class":608},[52,94940,108],{"class":84},[20,94942,135],{},[43,94944,94946],{"className":45,"code":94945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94947,94948,94952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94949,94950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94951,46740],{"class":608},[52,94953,94954],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,94955,40303],{"class":608},[20,94957,154,94958,94960,94961,94963],{},[15,94959,94889],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94962,94895],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[38,94965,166,94967,169],{"id":94966},"what-round-does",[15,94968,94874],{},[176,94970,94971,94976,94979,94982],{},[179,94972,94973,94975],{},[15,94974,94874],{}," is a built-in Python function",[179,94977,94978],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[179,94980,94981],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[179,94983,94984],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94986,94987],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[38,94989,296],{"id":295},[20,94991,2275],{},[43,94993,94995],{"className":45,"code":94994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94996,94997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94998,94999,95001,95003,95005,95008,95011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95000,94915],{"class":80},[52,95002,85],{"class":84},[52,95004,2356],{"class":88},[52,95006,95007],{"class":84},"[,",[52,95009,95010],{"class":88}," ndigits",[52,95012,4009],{"class":84},[176,95014,95015,95020,95025],{},[179,95016,95017,95019],{},[15,95018,2356],{}," is the value to round",[179,95021,95022,20165],{},[15,95023,95024],{},"ndigits",[179,95026,95027,95029],{},[15,95028,95024],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95031,95032],{},"Basic examples:",[43,95034,95036],{"className":45,"code":95035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95037,95038,95053,95071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95039,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048,95051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95041,81],{"class":80},[52,95043,85],{"class":84},[52,95045,94915],{"class":80},[52,95047,85],{"class":84},[52,95049,95050],{"class":608},"7.8",[52,95052,108],{"class":84},[52,95054,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95069],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95056,81],{"class":80},[52,95058,85],{"class":84},[52,95060,94915],{"class":80},[52,95062,85],{"class":84},[52,95064,95050],{"class":608},[52,95066,318],{"class":84},[52,95068,5621],{"class":608},[52,95070,108],{"class":84},[52,95072,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081,95084,95086,95088,95090],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95074,81],{"class":80},[52,95076,85],{"class":84},[52,95078,94915],{"class":80},[52,95080,85],{"class":84},[52,95082,95083],{"class":608},"1234",[52,95085,318],{"class":84},[52,95087,2338],{"class":62},[52,95089,2172],{"class":608},[52,95091,108],{"class":84},[20,95093,135],{},[43,95095,95097],{"className":45,"code":95096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95098,95099,95103,95108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95100,95101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95102,2499],{"class":608},[52,95104,95105],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95106,95107],{"class":608},"7.8\n",[52,95109,95110],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95111,95112],{"class":608},"1200\n",[20,95114,95115,95116,92],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[289,95117,2538],{"href":2537},[38,95119,1828,95121,95123],{"id":95120},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95122,94874],{}," with one argument",[20,95125,95126],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[43,95128,95130],{"className":45,"code":95129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95131,95132,95146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95133,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95135,81],{"class":80},[52,95137,85],{"class":84},[52,95139,94915],{"class":80},[52,95141,85],{"class":84},[52,95143,2480],{"class":608},[52,95145,108],{"class":84},[52,95147,95148,95150,95152,95154,95156,95159],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95149,81],{"class":80},[52,95151,85],{"class":84},[52,95153,94915],{"class":80},[52,95155,85],{"class":84},[52,95157,95158],{"class":608},"4.8",[52,95160,108],{"class":84},[20,95162,135],{},[43,95164,95166],{"className":45,"code":95165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n5\n",[15,95167,95168,95172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95169,95170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95171,48774],{"class":608},[52,95173,95174],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95175,3064],{"class":608},[20,95177,95178],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[43,95180,95182],{"className":45,"code":95181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95183,95184,95200,95210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95185,95186,95188,95190,95193,95195,95198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95187,2346],{"class":58},[52,95189,63],{"class":62},[52,95191,95192],{"class":80}," round",[52,95194,85],{"class":84},[52,95196,95197],{"class":608},"10.2",[52,95199,329],{"class":84},[52,95201,95202,95204,95206,95208],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95203,81],{"class":80},[52,95205,85],{"class":84},[52,95207,2381],{"class":88},[52,95209,329],{"class":84},[52,95211,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95213,81],{"class":80},[52,95215,85],{"class":84},[52,95217,1930],{"class":1929},[52,95219,85],{"class":84},[52,95221,2381],{"class":88},[52,95223,108],{"class":84},[20,95225,135],{},[43,95227,95229],{"className":45,"code":95228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95230,95231,95235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95232,95233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95234,2494],{"class":608},[52,95236,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95238,3410],{"class":62},[52,95240,3413],{"class":2180},[52,95242,3416],{"class":66},[52,95244,2304],{"class":70},[52,95246,1888],{"class":66},[52,95248,3423],{"class":62},[20,95250,95251,95252,92],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[289,95253,3696,95254,3629],{"href":2993},[15,95255,2996],{},[38,95257,1828,95259,95261],{"id":95258},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95260,94874],{}," with decimal places",[20,95263,95264],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[43,95266,95268],{"className":45,"code":95267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95269,95270,95288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95271,95272,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284,95286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95273,81],{"class":80},[52,95275,85],{"class":84},[52,95277,94915],{"class":80},[52,95279,85],{"class":84},[52,95281,94920],{"class":608},[52,95283,318],{"class":84},[52,95285,3111],{"class":608},[52,95287,108],{"class":84},[52,95289,95290,95292,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95291,81],{"class":80},[52,95293,85],{"class":84},[52,95295,94915],{"class":80},[52,95297,85],{"class":84},[52,95299,94920],{"class":608},[52,95301,318],{"class":84},[52,95303,609],{"class":608},[52,95305,108],{"class":84},[20,95307,135],{},[43,95309,95311],{"className":45,"code":95310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95312,95313,95317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95314,95315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95316,40303],{"class":608},[52,95318,95319],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95320,95321],{"class":608},"3.142\n",[20,95323,95324],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[43,95326,95328],{"className":45,"code":95327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95329,95330,95339,95358,95362,95372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95331,95332,95334,95336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95333,40513],{"class":58},[52,95335,63],{"class":62},[52,95337,95338],{"class":608}," 19.9876\n",[52,95340,95341,95344,95346,95348,95350,95352,95354,95356],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95342,95343],{"class":58},"rounded_price ",[52,95345,63],{"class":62},[52,95347,95192],{"class":80},[52,95349,85],{"class":84},[52,95351,25276],{"class":88},[52,95353,318],{"class":84},[52,95355,3111],{"class":608},[52,95357,329],{"class":84},[52,95359,95360],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95361,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,95363,95364,95366,95368,95370],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,95365,81],{"class":80},[52,95367,85],{"class":84},[52,95369,25276],{"class":88},[52,95371,329],{"class":84},[52,95373,95374,95376,95378,95381],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,95375,81],{"class":80},[52,95377,85],{"class":84},[52,95379,95380],{"class":88},"rounded_price",[52,95382,329],{"class":84},[20,95384,135],{},[43,95386,95388],{"className":45,"code":95387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95389,95390,95395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95391,95392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95393,95394],{"class":608},"19.9876\n",[52,95396,95397],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95398,95399],{"class":608},"19.99\n",[20,95401,95402,95403,95406,95407,32,95409,92],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95404,95405],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[289,95408,41018],{"href":41017},[289,95410,3696,95411,3629],{"href":2999},[15,95412,3002],{},[38,95414,95416,95417],{"id":95415},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95418,95024],{},[20,95420,95421,95422,95424],{},"A negative ",[15,95423,95024],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[43,95426,95428],{"className":45,"code":95427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95429,95430,95450,95470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95431,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446,95448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95433,81],{"class":80},[52,95435,85],{"class":84},[52,95437,94915],{"class":80},[52,95439,85],{"class":84},[52,95441,95083],{"class":608},[52,95443,318],{"class":84},[52,95445,2338],{"class":62},[52,95447,3106],{"class":608},[52,95449,108],{"class":84},[52,95451,95452,95454,95456,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95453,81],{"class":80},[52,95455,85],{"class":84},[52,95457,94915],{"class":80},[52,95459,85],{"class":84},[52,95461,95083],{"class":608},[52,95463,318],{"class":84},[52,95465,2338],{"class":62},[52,95467,2172],{"class":608},[52,95469,108],{"class":84},[52,95471,95472,95474,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486,95488],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95473,81],{"class":80},[52,95475,85],{"class":84},[52,95477,94915],{"class":80},[52,95479,85],{"class":84},[52,95481,95083],{"class":608},[52,95483,318],{"class":84},[52,95485,2338],{"class":62},[52,95487,627],{"class":608},[52,95489,108],{"class":84},[20,95491,135],{},[43,95493,95495],{"className":45,"code":95494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95496,95497,95502,95506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95498,95499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95500,95501],{"class":608},"1230\n",[52,95503,95504],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95505,95112],{"class":608},[52,95507,95508],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95509,95510],{"class":608},"1000\n",[20,95512,65705],{},[176,95514,95515,95520,95526],{},[179,95516,95517,95519],{},[15,95518,65975],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[179,95521,95522,95525],{},[15,95523,95524],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[179,95527,95528,95530],{},[15,95529,47794],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95532,95533],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[38,95535,95537],{"id":95536},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95539,95540,95541,92],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95542,95543],{},".5",[20,95545,5595],{},[43,95547,95549],{"className":45,"code":95548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95550,95551,95565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95552,95553,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95554,81],{"class":80},[52,95556,85],{"class":84},[52,95558,94915],{"class":80},[52,95560,85],{"class":84},[52,95562,41285],{"class":608},[52,95564,108],{"class":84},[52,95566,95567,95569,95571,95573,95575,95577],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95568,81],{"class":80},[52,95570,85],{"class":84},[52,95572,94915],{"class":80},[52,95574,85],{"class":84},[52,95576,2155],{"class":608},[52,95578,108],{"class":84},[20,95580,135],{},[43,95582,95584],{"className":45,"code":95583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n4\n",[15,95585,95586,95590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95587,95588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95589,17182],{"class":608},[52,95591,95592],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95593,48774],{"class":608},[20,95595,95596,95597,95600,95601,95603],{},"Python uses ",[3865,95598,95599],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95602,95543],{}," situations.",[20,95605,95606],{},"More examples:",[43,95608,95610],{"className":45,"code":95609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95611,95612,95626,95640,95654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95613,95614,95616,95618,95620,95622,95624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95615,81],{"class":80},[52,95617,85],{"class":84},[52,95619,94915],{"class":80},[52,95621,85],{"class":84},[52,95623,41298],{"class":608},[52,95625,108],{"class":84},[52,95627,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95629,81],{"class":80},[52,95631,85],{"class":84},[52,95633,94915],{"class":80},[52,95635,85],{"class":84},[52,95637,41285],{"class":608},[52,95639,108],{"class":84},[52,95641,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95643,81],{"class":80},[52,95645,85],{"class":84},[52,95647,94915],{"class":80},[52,95649,85],{"class":84},[52,95651,2155],{"class":608},[52,95653,108],{"class":84},[52,95655,95656,95658,95660,95662,95664,95666],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,95657,81],{"class":80},[52,95659,85],{"class":84},[52,95661,94915],{"class":80},[52,95663,85],{"class":84},[52,95665,41250],{"class":608},[52,95667,108],{"class":84},[20,95669,135],{},[43,95671,95673],{"className":45,"code":95672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95674,95675,95679,95683,95687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95676,95677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95678,17182],{"class":608},[52,95680,95681],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95682,17182],{"class":608},[52,95684,95685],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95686,48774],{"class":608},[52,95688,95689],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,95690,48774],{"class":608},[20,95692,95693],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95695,10835],{},[176,95697,95698,95705],{},[179,95699,95700,2249,95703],{},[15,95701,95702],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95704,2172],{},[179,95706,95707,2249,95710],{},[15,95708,95709],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95711,2623],{},[20,95713,3289,95714,95716],{},[15,95715,95543],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[38,95718,95720],{"id":95719},"return-values","Return values",[20,95722,95723,95725],{},[15,95724,94874],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95727,41032,95728,95730],{},[3865,95729,4752],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[43,95732,95734],{"className":45,"code":95733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95735,95736,95745,95749,95759,95777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95737,95738,95740,95742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95739,2565],{"class":58},[52,95741,63],{"class":62},[52,95743,95744],{"class":608}," 3.14159\n",[52,95746,95747],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95748,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,95750,95751,95753,95755,95757],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95752,81],{"class":80},[52,95754,85],{"class":84},[52,95756,2591],{"class":88},[52,95758,329],{"class":84},[52,95760,95761,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773,95775],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,95762,81],{"class":80},[52,95764,85],{"class":84},[52,95766,94915],{"class":80},[52,95768,85],{"class":84},[52,95770,2591],{"class":88},[52,95772,318],{"class":84},[52,95774,3111],{"class":608},[52,95776,108],{"class":84},[52,95778,95779,95781,95783,95785],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,95780,81],{"class":80},[52,95782,85],{"class":84},[52,95784,2591],{"class":88},[52,95786,329],{"class":84},[20,95788,135],{},[43,95790,95792],{"className":45,"code":95791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95793,95794,95799,95803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95795,95796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95797,95798],{"class":608},"3.14159\n",[52,95800,95801],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95802,40303],{"class":608},[52,95804,95805],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95806,95798],{"class":608},[20,95808,95809],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[43,95811,95813],{"className":45,"code":95812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95814,95815,95823,95841,95845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95816,95817,95819,95821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95818,2565],{"class":58},[52,95820,63],{"class":62},[52,95822,95744],{"class":608},[52,95824,95825,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837,95839],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95826,2565],{"class":58},[52,95828,63],{"class":62},[52,95830,95192],{"class":80},[52,95832,85],{"class":84},[52,95834,2591],{"class":88},[52,95836,318],{"class":84},[52,95838,3111],{"class":608},[52,95840,329],{"class":84},[52,95842,95843],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,95844,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,95846,95847,95849,95851,95853],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,95848,81],{"class":80},[52,95850,85],{"class":84},[52,95852,2591],{"class":88},[52,95854,329],{"class":84},[20,95856,135],{},[43,95858,95859],{"className":45,"code":40303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95860,95861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95862,95863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95864,40303],{"class":608},[38,95866,5084,95868],{"id":95867},"when-to-use-round",[15,95869,94874],{},[20,95871,154,95872,6441],{},[15,95873,94874],{},[176,95875,95876,95879,95882,95885],{},[179,95877,95878],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[179,95880,95881],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[179,95883,95884],{},"Round values before reporting results",[179,95886,95887],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95889,5595],{},[43,95891,95893],{"className":45,"code":95892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95894,95895,95904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95896,95897,95899,95901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95898,2715],{"class":58},[52,95900,63],{"class":62},[52,95902,95903],{"class":608}," 12.67891\n",[52,95905,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95907,81],{"class":80},[52,95909,85],{"class":84},[52,95911,94915],{"class":80},[52,95913,85],{"class":84},[52,95915,2738],{"class":88},[52,95917,318],{"class":84},[52,95919,3111],{"class":608},[52,95921,108],{"class":84},[20,95923,135],{},[43,95925,95927],{"className":45,"code":95926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"12.68\n",[15,95928,95929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95930,95931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95932,95926],{"class":608},[38,95934,1445],{"id":1444},[20,95936,23221,95937,92],{},[15,95938,94874],{},[412,95940,1725,95942,95944,95945,95947],{"id":95941},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95943,94874],{}," to always round ",[15,95946,95543],{}," upward",[20,95949,95950],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[43,95952,95953],{"className":45,"code":95548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95954,95955,95969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95956,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95958,81],{"class":80},[52,95960,85],{"class":84},[52,95962,94915],{"class":80},[52,95964,85],{"class":84},[52,95966,41285],{"class":608},[52,95968,108],{"class":84},[52,95970,95971,95973,95975,95977,95979,95981],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95972,81],{"class":80},[52,95974,85],{"class":84},[52,95976,94915],{"class":80},[52,95978,85],{"class":84},[52,95980,2155],{"class":608},[52,95982,108],{"class":84},[20,95984,135],{},[43,95986,95987],{"className":45,"code":95583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95988,95989,95993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95990,95991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95992,17182],{"class":608},[52,95994,95995],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,95996,48774],{"class":608},[20,95998,95999],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[412,96001,96003],{"id":96002},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96005,96006,96008],{},[15,96007,94874],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[43,96010,96012],{"className":45,"code":96011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96013,96014,96022,96036,96040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96015,96016,96018,96020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96017,2565],{"class":58},[52,96019,63],{"class":62},[52,96021,95744],{"class":608},[52,96023,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032,96034],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96025,94915],{"class":80},[52,96027,85],{"class":84},[52,96029,2591],{"class":88},[52,96031,318],{"class":84},[52,96033,3111],{"class":608},[52,96035,329],{"class":84},[52,96037,96038],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96039,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96041,96042,96044,96046,96048],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96043,81],{"class":80},[52,96045,85],{"class":84},[52,96047,2591],{"class":88},[52,96049,329],{"class":84},[20,96051,135],{},[43,96053,96054],{"className":45,"code":95798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,96055,96056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96057,96058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96059,95798],{"class":608},[20,96061,96062],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[43,96064,96066],{"className":45,"code":96065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96067,96068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96069,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082,96084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96071,2565],{"class":58},[52,96073,63],{"class":62},[52,96075,95192],{"class":80},[52,96077,85],{"class":84},[52,96079,2591],{"class":88},[52,96081,318],{"class":84},[52,96083,3111],{"class":608},[52,96085,329],{"class":84},[412,96087,96089],{"id":96088},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96091,16526],{},[43,96093,96095],{"className":45,"code":96094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96096,96097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96098,96099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96100,96094],{"class":1479},[20,96102,96103],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[43,96105,96107],{"className":45,"code":96106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96108,96109,96121,96135,96139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96110,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96112,207],{"class":58},[52,96114,63],{"class":62},[52,96116,67],{"class":66},[52,96118,40269],{"class":70},[52,96120,74],{"class":66},[52,96122,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131,96133],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96124,2333],{"class":58},[52,96126,63],{"class":62},[52,96128,40381],{"class":1929},[52,96130,85],{"class":84},[52,96132,231],{"class":88},[52,96134,329],{"class":84},[52,96136,96137],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96138,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96140,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96142,81],{"class":80},[52,96144,85],{"class":84},[52,96146,94915],{"class":80},[52,96148,85],{"class":84},[52,96150,2356],{"class":88},[52,96152,318],{"class":84},[52,96154,5621],{"class":608},[52,96156,108],{"class":84},[20,96158,135],{},[43,96160,96162],{"className":45,"code":96161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.1\n",[15,96163,96164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96165,96166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96167,96161],{"class":608},[412,96169,96171],{"id":96170},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96173,96174,96176],{},[15,96175,94874],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96178,96179,96180,32,96184,92],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[289,96181,96182],{"href":2999},[15,96183,3002],{},[289,96185,96186],{"href":2993},[15,96187,2996],{},[38,96189,1940],{"id":1939},[412,96191,1944,96193,96195,96196,96198],{"id":96192},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96194,94874],{}," always round ",[15,96197,40340],{}," up?",[20,96200,96201],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[412,96203,1944,96205,96207],{"id":96204},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96206,94874],{}," change the original number?",[20,96209,96210],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[412,96212,1958,96214,96216],{"id":96213},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96215,94874],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96218,96219,96220,96222,96223,32,96225,92],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96221,95024],{}," value like ",[15,96224,65975],{},[15,96226,95524],{},[412,96228,28454,96230,96232,96233,1993],{"id":96229},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96231,94874],{}," on a string like ",[15,96234,48218],{},[20,96236,96237,96238,32,96240,92],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96239,3002],{},[15,96241,2996],{},[38,96243,2005],{"id":2004},[176,96245,96246,96252,96258,96262],{},[179,96247,96248],{},[289,96249,3696,96250,3629],{"href":2999},[15,96251,3002],{},[179,96253,96254],{},[289,96255,3696,96256,3629],{"href":2993},[15,96257,2996],{},[179,96259,96260],{},[289,96261,2538],{"href":2537},[179,96263,96264],{},[289,96265,42306],{"href":41017},[2035,96267,96268],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":96270},[96271,96272,96274,96275,96277,96279,96281,96282,96283,96285,96292,96302],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":94966,"depth":77,"text":96273},"What round() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":95120,"depth":77,"text":96276},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95258,"depth":77,"text":96278},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95415,"depth":77,"text":96280},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95536,"depth":77,"text":95537},{"id":95719,"depth":77,"text":95720},{"id":95867,"depth":77,"text":96284},"When to use round()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":96286},[96287,96289,96290,96291],{"id":95941,"depth":111,"text":96288},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96002,"depth":111,"text":96003},{"id":96088,"depth":111,"text":96089},{"id":96170,"depth":111,"text":96171},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":96293},[96294,96296,96298,96300],{"id":96192,"depth":111,"text":96295},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96204,"depth":111,"text":96297},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96213,"depth":111,"text":96299},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96229,"depth":111,"text":96301},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94866,"description":96303},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96310,"title":96311,"body":96312,"description":97497,"extension":2078,"meta":97498,"navigation":221,"path":97499,"seo":97500,"stem":97501,"__hash__":97502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96313,"toc":97471},[96314,96321,96327,96330,96332,96381,96385,96410,96415,96420,96425,96439,96450,96452,96471,96473,96489,96492,96503,96505,96507,96568,96572,96605,96612,96619,96622,96655,96658,96662,96665,96718,96722,96743,96749,96756,96763,96824,96832,96909,96913,96925,96934,96936,96942,96948,96952,97005,97008,97066,97070,97078,97081,97085,97088,97098,97100,97197,97200,97211,97214,97257,97261,97285,97288,97294,97296,97300,97325,97327,97394,97403,97405,97411,97416,97420,97423,97427,97434,97438,97443,97445,97462,97468],[10,96315,96317,96318,18],{"id":96316},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96319,96320],{},"add()",[20,96322,96323,96326],{},[15,96324,96325],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96328,96329],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96331,41],{"id":40},[43,96333,96335],{"className":45,"code":96334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96336,96337,96357,96371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96340,3739],{"class":58},[52,96342,63],{"class":62},[52,96344,10612],{"class":84},[52,96346,3106],{"class":608},[52,96348,318],{"class":84},[52,96350,3111],{"class":608},[52,96352,318],{"class":84},[52,96354,609],{"class":608},[52,96356,9429],{"class":84},[52,96358,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96360,3771],{"class":58},[52,96362,92],{"class":84},[52,96364,82226],{"class":88},[52,96366,85],{"class":84},[52,96368,2623],{"class":608},[52,96370,329],{"class":84},[52,96372,96373,96375,96377,96379],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96374,81],{"class":80},[52,96376,85],{"class":84},[52,96378,3771],{"class":88},[52,96380,329],{"class":84},[20,96382,96383],{},[3865,96384,135],{},[43,96386,96388],{"className":45,"code":96387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96389,96390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96391,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96393,9398],{"class":84},[52,96395,3106],{"class":608},[52,96397,318],{"class":84},[52,96399,3111],{"class":608},[52,96401,318],{"class":84},[52,96403,609],{"class":608},[52,96405,318],{"class":84},[52,96407,2575],{"class":608},[52,96409,9429],{"class":84},[20,96411,154,96412,96414],{},[15,96413,96320],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96416,166,96418,169],{"id":96417},"what-setadd-does",[15,96419,96325],{},[20,96421,96422,96424],{},[15,96423,96325],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[176,96426,96427,96430,96433,96436],{},[179,96428,96429],{},"Adds one item to a set",[179,96431,96432],{},"Changes the original set in place",[179,96434,96435],{},"Does not return a new set",[179,96437,96438],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96440,96441,96442,32,96446,92],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[289,96443,96445],{"href":96444},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[289,96447,96449],{"href":96448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[38,96451,296],{"id":295},[43,96453,96455],{"className":45,"code":96454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96456,96457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96460,15791],{"class":58},[52,96462,92],{"class":84},[52,96464,82226],{"class":88},[52,96466,85],{"class":84},[52,96468,23437],{"class":88},[52,96470,329],{"class":84},[20,96472,11580],{},[176,96474,96475,96480,96483],{},[179,96476,56031,96477,96479],{},[15,96478,96320],{}," on an existing set",[179,96481,96482],{},"Pass exactly one item",[179,96484,96485,96486],{},"The item must be ",[3865,96487,96488],{},"hashable",[20,96490,96491],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[176,96493,96494,96496,96498,96501],{},[179,96495,56584],{},[179,96497,56587],{},[179,96499,96500],{},"Tuples",[179,96502,40721],{},[38,96504,11597],{"id":11596},[20,96506,11600],{},[43,96508,96510],{"className":45,"code":96509,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96511,96512,96536,96554,96558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96513,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96515,13199],{"class":58},[52,96517,63],{"class":62},[52,96519,10612],{"class":84},[52,96521,100],{"class":66},[52,96523,13216],{"class":70},[52,96525,100],{"class":66},[52,96527,318],{"class":84},[52,96529,67],{"class":66},[52,96531,13233],{"class":70},[52,96533,100],{"class":66},[52,96535,9429],{"class":84},[52,96537,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96539,17627],{"class":58},[52,96541,92],{"class":84},[52,96543,82226],{"class":88},[52,96545,85],{"class":84},[52,96547,100],{"class":66},[52,96549,17580],{"class":70},[52,96551,100],{"class":66},[52,96553,329],{"class":84},[52,96555,96556],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96557,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96559,96560,96562,96564,96566],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96561,81],{"class":80},[52,96563,85],{"class":84},[52,96565,17627],{"class":88},[52,96567,329],{"class":84},[20,96569,96570],{},[3865,96571,30156],{},[43,96573,96575],{"className":45,"code":96574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96576,96577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96578,96579,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96580,9398],{"class":84},[52,96582,1888],{"class":66},[52,96584,13216],{"class":70},[52,96586,1888],{"class":66},[52,96588,318],{"class":84},[52,96590,3416],{"class":66},[52,96592,17580],{"class":70},[52,96594,1888],{"class":66},[52,96596,318],{"class":84},[52,96598,3416],{"class":66},[52,96600,13233],{"class":70},[52,96602,1888],{"class":66},[52,96604,9429],{"class":84},[20,96606,96607,96608,96611],{},"The new value ",[15,96609,96610],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96613,96614,96615,96618],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3865,96616,96617],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96620,96621],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[43,96623,96625],{"className":45,"code":96624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96626,96627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96628,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96630,9398],{"class":84},[52,96632,1888],{"class":66},[52,96634,13233],{"class":70},[52,96636,1888],{"class":66},[52,96638,318],{"class":84},[52,96640,3416],{"class":66},[52,96642,13216],{"class":70},[52,96644,1888],{"class":66},[52,96646,318],{"class":84},[52,96648,3416],{"class":66},[52,96650,17580],{"class":70},[52,96652,1888],{"class":66},[52,96654,9429],{"class":84},[20,96656,96657],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[38,96659,96661],{"id":96660},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96663,96664],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[43,96666,96668],{"className":45,"code":96667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96669,96670,96690,96704,96708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96671,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96673,3739],{"class":58},[52,96675,63],{"class":62},[52,96677,10612],{"class":84},[52,96679,3106],{"class":608},[52,96681,318],{"class":84},[52,96683,3111],{"class":608},[52,96685,318],{"class":84},[52,96687,609],{"class":608},[52,96689,9429],{"class":84},[52,96691,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96693,3771],{"class":58},[52,96695,92],{"class":84},[52,96697,82226],{"class":88},[52,96699,85],{"class":84},[52,96701,2172],{"class":608},[52,96703,329],{"class":84},[52,96705,96706],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96707,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96709,96710,96712,96714,96716],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96711,81],{"class":80},[52,96713,85],{"class":84},[52,96715,3771],{"class":88},[52,96717,329],{"class":84},[20,96719,96720],{},[3865,96721,135],{},[43,96723,96725],{"className":45,"code":96724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96726,96727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96728,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96730,9398],{"class":84},[52,96732,3106],{"class":608},[52,96734,318],{"class":84},[52,96736,3111],{"class":608},[52,96738,318],{"class":84},[52,96740,609],{"class":608},[52,96742,9429],{"class":84},[20,96744,96745,96746,96748],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96747,2172],{}," was already present.",[38,96750,96752,10707,96754],{"id":96751},"add-vs-update",[15,96753,96320],{},[15,96755,15078],{},[20,96757,154,96758,96760,96761,92],{},[15,96759,96320],{}," when you want to add ",[3865,96762,52779],{},[43,96764,96766],{"className":45,"code":96765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96767,96768,96792,96810,96814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96769,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96771,36215],{"class":58},[52,96773,63],{"class":62},[52,96775,10612],{"class":84},[52,96777,100],{"class":66},[52,96779,289],{"class":70},[52,96781,100],{"class":66},[52,96783,318],{"class":84},[52,96785,67],{"class":66},[52,96787,4883],{"class":70},[52,96789,100],{"class":66},[52,96791,9429],{"class":84},[52,96793,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96795,36268],{"class":58},[52,96797,92],{"class":84},[52,96799,82226],{"class":88},[52,96801,85],{"class":84},[52,96803,100],{"class":66},[52,96805,9860],{"class":70},[52,96807,100],{"class":66},[52,96809,329],{"class":84},[52,96811,96812],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96813,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96815,96816,96818,96820,96822],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96817,81],{"class":80},[52,96819,85],{"class":84},[52,96821,36268],{"class":88},[52,96823,329],{"class":84},[20,96825,154,96826,96760,96828,96831],{},[15,96827,15078],{},[3865,96829,96830],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[43,96833,96835],{"className":45,"code":96834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96836,96837,96861,96895,96899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96838,96839,96841,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96840,36215],{"class":58},[52,96842,63],{"class":62},[52,96844,10612],{"class":84},[52,96846,100],{"class":66},[52,96848,289],{"class":70},[52,96850,100],{"class":66},[52,96852,318],{"class":84},[52,96854,67],{"class":66},[52,96856,4883],{"class":70},[52,96858,100],{"class":66},[52,96860,9429],{"class":84},[52,96862,96863,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96864,36268],{"class":58},[52,96866,92],{"class":84},[52,96868,30590],{"class":88},[52,96870,3103],{"class":84},[52,96872,100],{"class":66},[52,96874,9860],{"class":70},[52,96876,100],{"class":66},[52,96878,318],{"class":84},[52,96880,67],{"class":66},[52,96882,18893],{"class":70},[52,96884,100],{"class":66},[52,96886,318],{"class":84},[52,96888,67],{"class":66},[52,96890,60570],{"class":70},[52,96892,100],{"class":66},[52,96894,4009],{"class":84},[52,96896,96897],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96898,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96900,96901,96903,96905,96907],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96902,81],{"class":80},[52,96904,85],{"class":84},[52,96906,36268],{"class":88},[52,96908,329],{"class":84},[412,96910,96912],{"id":96911},"key-difference","Key difference",[176,96914,96915,96920],{},[179,96916,96917,96919],{},[15,96918,96320],{}," adds one item",[179,96921,96922,96924],{},[15,96923,15078],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96926,96927,96928,92],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[289,96929,96931,96932,1441],{"href":96930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96933,15078],{},[38,96935,710],{"id":709},[20,96937,96938,2515,96940,92],{},[15,96939,96325],{},[15,96941,3901],{},[20,96943,96944,96945,96947],{},"That means you should ",[3865,96946,4752],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[412,96949,96951],{"id":96950},"correct","Correct",[43,96953,96955],{"className":45,"code":96954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96956,96957,96977,96991,96995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96958,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96960,15753],{"class":58},[52,96962,63],{"class":62},[52,96964,10612],{"class":84},[52,96966,3106],{"class":608},[52,96968,318],{"class":84},[52,96970,3111],{"class":608},[52,96972,318],{"class":84},[52,96974,609],{"class":608},[52,96976,9429],{"class":84},[52,96978,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,96980,15791],{"class":58},[52,96982,92],{"class":84},[52,96984,82226],{"class":88},[52,96986,85],{"class":84},[52,96988,2623],{"class":608},[52,96990,329],{"class":84},[52,96992,96993],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,96994,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,96996,96997,96999,97001,97003],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,96998,81],{"class":80},[52,97000,85],{"class":84},[52,97002,15791],{"class":88},[52,97004,329],{"class":84},[412,97006,97007],{"id":61890},"Wrong",[43,97009,97011],{"className":45,"code":97010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97012,97013,97033,97052,97056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97014,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97016,15753],{"class":58},[52,97018,63],{"class":62},[52,97020,10612],{"class":84},[52,97022,3106],{"class":608},[52,97024,318],{"class":84},[52,97026,3111],{"class":608},[52,97028,318],{"class":84},[52,97030,609],{"class":608},[52,97032,9429],{"class":84},[52,97034,97035,97037,97039,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97036,15753],{"class":58},[52,97038,63],{"class":62},[52,97040,97041],{"class":58}," my_set",[52,97043,92],{"class":84},[52,97045,82226],{"class":88},[52,97047,85],{"class":84},[52,97049,2623],{"class":608},[52,97051,329],{"class":84},[52,97053,97054],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97055,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97057,97058,97060,97062,97064],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,97059,81],{"class":80},[52,97061,85],{"class":84},[52,97063,15791],{"class":88},[52,97065,329],{"class":84},[20,97067,97068],{},[3865,97069,135],{},[43,97071,97072],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97073,97074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97075,97076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97077,11931],{"class":145},[20,97079,97080],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[38,97082,97084],{"id":97083},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97086,97087],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[176,97089,97090,97092,97094,97096],{},[179,97091,56584],{},[179,97093,56587],{},[179,97095,96500],{},[179,97097,40721],{},[20,97099,197],{},[43,97101,97103],{"className":45,"code":97102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97104,97105,97115,97119,97133,97151,97169,97183,97187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97106,97107,97109,97111,97113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97108,7903],{"class":58},[52,97110,63],{"class":62},[52,97112,15758],{"class":1929},[52,97114,8763],{"class":84},[52,97116,97117],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97118,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97120,97121,97123,97125,97127,97129,97131],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97122,7934],{"class":58},[52,97124,92],{"class":84},[52,97126,82226],{"class":88},[52,97128,85],{"class":84},[52,97130,2448],{"class":608},[52,97132,329],{"class":84},[52,97134,97135,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,97136,7934],{"class":58},[52,97138,92],{"class":84},[52,97140,82226],{"class":88},[52,97142,85],{"class":84},[52,97144,100],{"class":66},[52,97146,266],{"class":70},[52,97148,100],{"class":66},[52,97150,329],{"class":84},[52,97152,97153,97155,97157,97159,97161,97163,97165,97167],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,97154,7934],{"class":58},[52,97156,92],{"class":84},[52,97158,82226],{"class":88},[52,97160,519],{"class":84},[52,97162,3106],{"class":608},[52,97164,318],{"class":84},[52,97166,3111],{"class":608},[52,97168,108],{"class":84},[52,97170,97171,97173,97175,97177,97179,97181],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,97172,7934],{"class":58},[52,97174,92],{"class":84},[52,97176,82226],{"class":88},[52,97178,85],{"class":84},[52,97180,31],{"class":145},[52,97182,329],{"class":84},[52,97184,97185],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,97186,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97188,97189,97191,97193,97195],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,97190,81],{"class":80},[52,97192,85],{"class":84},[52,97194,7934],{"class":88},[52,97196,329],{"class":84},[20,97198,97199],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[176,97201,97202,97205,97208],{},[179,97203,97204],{},"Lists",[179,97206,97207],{},"Dictionaries",[179,97209,97210],{},"Sets",[20,97212,97213],{},"Example that causes an error:",[43,97215,97217],{"className":45,"code":97216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97218,97219,97239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97220,97221,97223,97225,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97222,7903],{"class":58},[52,97224,63],{"class":62},[52,97226,10612],{"class":84},[52,97228,3106],{"class":608},[52,97230,318],{"class":84},[52,97232,3111],{"class":608},[52,97234,318],{"class":84},[52,97236,609],{"class":608},[52,97238,9429],{"class":84},[52,97240,97241,97243,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253,97255],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97242,7934],{"class":58},[52,97244,92],{"class":84},[52,97246,82226],{"class":88},[52,97248,3103],{"class":84},[52,97250,2623],{"class":608},[52,97252,318],{"class":84},[52,97254,4726],{"class":608},[52,97256,4009],{"class":84},[20,97258,97259],{},[3865,97260,29807],{},[43,97262,97264],{"className":45,"code":97263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97265,97266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97267,97268,97270,97272,97275,97277,97279,97281,97283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97269,3124],{"class":1929},[52,97271,174],{"class":84},[52,97273,97274],{"class":58}," unhashable ",[52,97276,1930],{"class":1929},[52,97278,174],{"class":84},[52,97280,3416],{"class":66},[52,97282,8217],{"class":70},[52,97284,29826],{"class":66},[20,97286,97287],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97289,97290,97291,92],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97292,97293],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[38,97295,1445],{"id":1444},[20,97297,14858,97298,174],{},[15,97299,96325],{},[176,97301,97302,97307,97312,97315,97322],{},[179,97303,1828,97304,97306],{},[15,97305,96320],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[179,97308,1725,97309,97311],{},[15,97310,96320],{}," to return the updated set",[179,97313,97314],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[179,97316,1632,97317,97319,97320],{},[15,97318,96325],{}," with list ",[15,97321,52775],{},[179,97323,97324],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97326,71626],{},[43,97328,97330],{"className":45,"code":97329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97331,97332,97342,97356,97366,97380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97333,97334,97336,97338,97340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97335,81],{"class":80},[52,97337,85],{"class":84},[52,97339,15791],{"class":88},[52,97341,329],{"class":84},[52,97343,97344,97346,97348,97350,97352,97354],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97345,81],{"class":80},[52,97347,85],{"class":84},[52,97349,1930],{"class":1929},[52,97351,85],{"class":84},[52,97353,15791],{"class":88},[52,97355,108],{"class":84},[52,97357,97358,97360,97362,97364],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97359,81],{"class":80},[52,97361,85],{"class":84},[52,97363,2591],{"class":88},[52,97365,329],{"class":84},[52,97367,97368,97370,97372,97374,97376,97378],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,97369,81],{"class":80},[52,97371,85],{"class":84},[52,97373,1930],{"class":1929},[52,97375,85],{"class":84},[52,97377,2591],{"class":88},[52,97379,108],{"class":84},[52,97381,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390,97392],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,97383,32278],{"class":80},[52,97385,85],{"class":84},[52,97387,6410],{"class":1929},[52,97389,92],{"class":84},[52,97391,82226],{"class":1803},[52,97393,329],{"class":84},[20,97395,97396,97397,97399,97400,92],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97398,96325],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[289,97401,53171],{"href":97402},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[38,97404,1940],{"id":1939},[412,97406,1944,97408,97410],{"id":97407},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97409,96325],{}," return a new set?",[20,97412,97413,97414,92],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97415,3901],{},[412,97417,97419],{"id":97418},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97421,97422],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[412,97424,97426],{"id":97425},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97428,154,97429,11214,97432,92],{},[15,97430,97431],{},"set.update()",[15,97433,96320],{},[412,97435,97437],{"id":97436},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97439,97440,97441,92],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97442,3124],{},[38,97444,2005],{"id":2004},[176,97446,97447,97451,97456],{},[179,97448,97449],{},[289,97450,96445],{"href":96444},[179,97452,97453],{},[289,97454,97455],{"href":96448},"How to create a set in Python",[179,97457,97458],{},[289,97459,96931,97460,1441],{"href":96930},[15,97461,15078],{},[20,97463,97464,97465,97467],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97466,96320],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2035,97469,97470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":97472},[97473,97474,97476,97477,97478,97479,97483,97487,97488,97489,97496],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":96417,"depth":77,"text":97475},"What set.add() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":96660,"depth":77,"text":96661},{"id":96751,"depth":77,"text":97480,"children":97481},"add() vs update()",[97482],{"id":96911,"depth":111,"text":96912},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710,"children":97484},[97485,97486],{"id":96950,"depth":111,"text":96951},{"id":61890,"depth":111,"text":97007},{"id":97083,"depth":77,"text":97084},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":97490},[97491,97493,97494,97495],{"id":97407,"depth":111,"text":97492},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97418,"depth":111,"text":97419},{"id":97425,"depth":111,"text":97426},{"id":97436,"depth":111,"text":97437},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96311,"description":97497},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97504,"title":97505,"body":97506,"description":98675,"extension":2078,"meta":98676,"navigation":221,"path":98677,"seo":98678,"stem":98679,"__hash__":98680},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97507,"toc":98642},[97508,97513,97519,97526,97571,97573,97584,97589,97594,97598,97612,97617,97619,97621,97636,97638,97652,97654,97656,97721,97723,97733,97735,97753,97759,97766,97771,97845,97847,97864,97870,97875,97946,97948,97975,97992,97995,98001,98003,98010,98014,98081,98083,98098,98101,98154,98156,98164,98176,98178,98182,98187,98189,98238,98240,98248,98250,98295,98297,98307,98313,98321,98334,98340,98342,98371,98373,98391,98395,98398,98429,98431,98449,98453,98528,98530,98546,98553,98555,98560,98565,98571,98574,98578,98586,98593,98601,98603,98639],[10,97509,96317,97511,18],{"id":97510},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97512,11444],{},[20,97514,97515,97518],{},[15,97516,97517],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97520,97521,97522,97525],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3865,97523,97524],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[43,97527,97529],{"className":45,"code":97528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97530,97531,97551,97561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97532,97533,97535,97537,97539,97541,97543,97545,97547,97549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97534,3739],{"class":58},[52,97536,63],{"class":62},[52,97538,10612],{"class":84},[52,97540,3106],{"class":608},[52,97542,318],{"class":84},[52,97544,3111],{"class":608},[52,97546,318],{"class":84},[52,97548,609],{"class":608},[52,97550,9429],{"class":84},[52,97552,97553,97555,97557,97559],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97554,3771],{"class":58},[52,97556,92],{"class":84},[52,97558,11505],{"class":88},[52,97560,8763],{"class":84},[52,97562,97563,97565,97567,97569],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97564,81],{"class":80},[52,97566,85],{"class":84},[52,97568,3771],{"class":88},[52,97570,329],{"class":84},[20,97572,135],{},[43,97574,97576],{"className":45,"code":97575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n",[15,97577,97578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97579,97580,97582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97581,6410],{"class":1929},[52,97583,8763],{"class":84},[20,97585,97586,97588],{},[15,97587,11444],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[38,97590,166,97592,169],{"id":97591},"what-setclear-does",[15,97593,97517],{},[20,97595,2095,97596,11535],{},[15,97597,11444],{},[176,97599,97600,97603,97605,97609],{},[179,97601,97602],{},"Removes every item from a set",[179,97604,96432],{},[179,97606,184,97607],{},[15,97608,3901],{},[179,97610,97611],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97613,96441,97614,71725],{},[289,97615,96445],{"href":97616},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[38,97618,296],{"id":295},[20,97620,54569],{},[43,97622,97624],{"className":45,"code":97623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97625,97626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97627,97628,97630,97632,97634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97629,15791],{"class":58},[52,97631,92],{"class":84},[52,97633,11505],{"class":88},[52,97635,8763],{"class":84},[20,97637,13175],{},[176,97639,97640,97643,97646,97649],{},[179,97641,97642],{},"It takes no arguments",[179,97644,97645],{},"It empties the set",[179,97647,97648],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[179,97650,97651],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[38,97653,11597],{"id":11596},[20,97655,11600],{},[43,97657,97659],{"className":45,"code":97658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97660,97661,97693,97697,97707,97711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97662,97663,97665,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97664,13199],{"class":58},[52,97666,63],{"class":62},[52,97668,10612],{"class":84},[52,97670,100],{"class":66},[52,97672,13216],{"class":70},[52,97674,100],{"class":66},[52,97676,318],{"class":84},[52,97678,67],{"class":66},[52,97680,17580],{"class":70},[52,97682,100],{"class":66},[52,97684,318],{"class":84},[52,97686,67],{"class":66},[52,97688,13233],{"class":70},[52,97690,100],{"class":66},[52,97692,9429],{"class":84},[52,97694,97695],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97696,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97698,97699,97701,97703,97705],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97700,17627],{"class":58},[52,97702,92],{"class":84},[52,97704,11505],{"class":88},[52,97706,8763],{"class":84},[52,97708,97709],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,97710,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97712,97713,97715,97717,97719],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,97714,81],{"class":80},[52,97716,85],{"class":84},[52,97718,17627],{"class":88},[52,97720,329],{"class":84},[20,97722,135],{},[43,97724,97725],{"className":45,"code":97575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97726,97727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97728,97729,97731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97730,6410],{"class":1929},[52,97732,8763],{"class":84},[20,97734,11806],{},[176,97736,97737,97742,97747],{},[179,97738,97739,97741],{},[15,97740,17627],{}," starts with three values",[179,97743,97744,11819],{},[15,97745,97746],{},"colors.clear()",[179,97748,97749,97750,97752],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97751,3920],{},", which means an empty set",[38,97754,97756,97758],{"id":97755},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97757,11444],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97760,97761,342,97763,97765],{},[15,97762,11444],{},[15,97764,3920],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[412,97767,1828,97769],{"id":97768},"using-clear",[15,97770,11444],{},[43,97772,97774],{"className":45,"code":97773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97775,97776,97796,97806,97810,97820,97824,97834],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97777,97778,97780,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790,97792,97794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97779,7903],{"class":58},[52,97781,63],{"class":62},[52,97783,10612],{"class":84},[52,97785,3106],{"class":608},[52,97787,318],{"class":84},[52,97789,3111],{"class":608},[52,97791,318],{"class":84},[52,97793,609],{"class":608},[52,97795,9429],{"class":84},[52,97797,97798,97801,97803],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97799,97800],{"class":58},"other_name ",[52,97802,63],{"class":62},[52,97804,97805],{"class":58}," items\n",[52,97807,97808],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97809,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97811,97812,97814,97816,97818],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,97813,7934],{"class":58},[52,97815,92],{"class":84},[52,97817,11505],{"class":88},[52,97819,8763],{"class":84},[52,97821,97822],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,97823,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97825,97826,97828,97830,97832],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,97827,81],{"class":80},[52,97829,85],{"class":84},[52,97831,7934],{"class":88},[52,97833,329],{"class":84},[52,97835,97836,97838,97840,97843],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,97837,81],{"class":80},[52,97839,85],{"class":84},[52,97841,97842],{"class":88},"other_name",[52,97844,329],{"class":84},[20,97846,135],{},[43,97848,97850],{"className":45,"code":97849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97851,97852,97858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97853,97854,97856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97855,6410],{"class":1929},[52,97857,8763],{"class":84},[52,97859,97860,97862],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97861,6410],{"class":1929},[52,97863,8763],{"class":84},[20,97865,97866,97867,92],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3865,97868,97869],{},"same set object",[412,97871,1828,97873],{"id":97872},"using-set",[15,97874,3920],{},[43,97876,97878],{"className":45,"code":97877,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97879,97880,97900,97908,97912,97922,97926,97936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97881,97882,97884,97886,97888,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97883,7903],{"class":58},[52,97885,63],{"class":62},[52,97887,10612],{"class":84},[52,97889,3106],{"class":608},[52,97891,318],{"class":84},[52,97893,3111],{"class":608},[52,97895,318],{"class":84},[52,97897,609],{"class":608},[52,97899,9429],{"class":84},[52,97901,97902,97904,97906],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97903,97800],{"class":58},[52,97905,63],{"class":62},[52,97907,97805],{"class":58},[52,97909,97910],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,97911,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97913,97914,97916,97918,97920],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,97915,7903],{"class":58},[52,97917,63],{"class":62},[52,97919,15758],{"class":1929},[52,97921,8763],{"class":84},[52,97923,97924],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,97925,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,97927,97928,97930,97932,97934],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,97929,81],{"class":80},[52,97931,85],{"class":84},[52,97933,7934],{"class":88},[52,97935,329],{"class":84},[52,97937,97938,97940,97942,97944],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,97939,81],{"class":80},[52,97941,85],{"class":84},[52,97943,97842],{"class":88},[52,97945,329],{"class":84},[20,97947,135],{},[43,97949,97951],{"className":45,"code":97950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97952,97953,97959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97954,97955,97957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97956,6410],{"class":1929},[52,97958,8763],{"class":84},[52,97960,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969,97971,97973],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,97962,9398],{"class":84},[52,97964,3106],{"class":608},[52,97966,318],{"class":84},[52,97968,3111],{"class":608},[52,97970,318],{"class":84},[52,97972,609],{"class":608},[52,97974,9429],{"class":84},[20,97976,20897,97977,93209,97980,97983,97984,92,97986,97988,97989,97991],{},[15,97978,97979],{},"items = set()",[3865,97981,97982],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97985,7934],{},[9967,97987],{},"\nBut ",[15,97990,97842],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97993,97994],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97996,97997,97998,92],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[289,97999,96449],{"href":98000},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[38,98002,710],{"id":709},[20,98004,98005,14178,98007,98009],{},[15,98006,11444],{},[3865,98008,4752],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98011,5272,98012,92],{},[15,98013,3901],{},[43,98015,98017],{"className":45,"code":98016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98018,98019,98039,98043,98057,98061,98071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98020,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98022,3739],{"class":58},[52,98024,63],{"class":62},[52,98026,10612],{"class":84},[52,98028,3106],{"class":608},[52,98030,318],{"class":84},[52,98032,3111],{"class":608},[52,98034,318],{"class":84},[52,98036,609],{"class":608},[52,98038,9429],{"class":84},[52,98040,98041],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98042,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,98044,98045,98047,98049,98051,98053,98055],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98046,2346],{"class":58},[52,98048,63],{"class":62},[52,98050,4384],{"class":58},[52,98052,92],{"class":84},[52,98054,11505],{"class":88},[52,98056,8763],{"class":84},[52,98058,98059],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,98060,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,98062,98063,98065,98067,98069],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,98064,81],{"class":80},[52,98066,85],{"class":84},[52,98068,2381],{"class":88},[52,98070,329],{"class":84},[52,98072,98073,98075,98077,98079],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,98074,81],{"class":80},[52,98076,85],{"class":84},[52,98078,3771],{"class":88},[52,98080,329],{"class":84},[20,98082,135],{},[43,98084,98086],{"className":45,"code":98085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\nset()\n",[15,98087,98088,98092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98089,98090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98091,11931],{"class":145},[52,98093,98094,98096],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98095,6410],{"class":1929},[52,98097,8763],{"class":84},[20,98099,98100],{},"Do not do this:",[43,98102,98104],{"className":45,"code":98103,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98105,98106,98126,98140,98144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98107,98108,98110,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98109,3739],{"class":58},[52,98111,63],{"class":62},[52,98113,10612],{"class":84},[52,98115,3106],{"class":608},[52,98117,318],{"class":84},[52,98119,3111],{"class":608},[52,98121,318],{"class":84},[52,98123,609],{"class":608},[52,98125,9429],{"class":84},[52,98127,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98129,3739],{"class":58},[52,98131,63],{"class":62},[52,98133,4384],{"class":58},[52,98135,92],{"class":84},[52,98137,11505],{"class":88},[52,98139,8763],{"class":84},[52,98141,98142],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98143,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,98145,98146,98148,98150,98152],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,98147,81],{"class":80},[52,98149,85],{"class":84},[52,98151,3771],{"class":88},[52,98153,329],{"class":84},[20,98155,135],{},[43,98157,98158],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98159,98160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98161,98162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98163,11931],{"class":145},[20,98165,22315,98166,2515,98168,98170,98171,98173,98174,92],{},[15,98167,54682],{},[15,98169,3901],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98172,3901],{}," back to ",[15,98175,3771],{},[38,98177,4640],{"id":4639},[20,98179,10869,98180,92],{},[15,98181,97517],{},[412,98183,12717,98185],{"id":98184},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98186,11444],{},[20,98188,16769],{},[43,98190,98192],{"className":45,"code":98191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98193,98194,98214,98228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98195,98196,98198,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98197,15753],{"class":58},[52,98199,63],{"class":62},[52,98201,10612],{"class":84},[52,98203,3106],{"class":608},[52,98205,318],{"class":84},[52,98207,3111],{"class":608},[52,98209,318],{"class":84},[52,98211,609],{"class":608},[52,98213,9429],{"class":84},[52,98215,98216,98218,98220,98222,98224,98226],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98217,15753],{"class":58},[52,98219,63],{"class":62},[52,98221,97041],{"class":58},[52,98223,92],{"class":84},[52,98225,11505],{"class":88},[52,98227,8763],{"class":84},[52,98229,98230,98232,98234,98236],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98231,81],{"class":80},[52,98233,85],{"class":84},[52,98235,15791],{"class":88},[52,98237,329],{"class":84},[20,98239,135],{},[43,98241,98242],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98243,98244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98245,98246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98247,11931],{"class":145},[20,98249,16781],{},[43,98251,98253],{"className":45,"code":98252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98254,98255,98275,98285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98256,98257,98259,98261,98263,98265,98267,98269,98271,98273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98258,15753],{"class":58},[52,98260,63],{"class":62},[52,98262,10612],{"class":84},[52,98264,3106],{"class":608},[52,98266,318],{"class":84},[52,98268,3111],{"class":608},[52,98270,318],{"class":84},[52,98272,609],{"class":608},[52,98274,9429],{"class":84},[52,98276,98277,98279,98281,98283],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98278,15791],{"class":58},[52,98280,92],{"class":84},[52,98282,11505],{"class":88},[52,98284,8763],{"class":84},[52,98286,98287,98289,98291,98293],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98288,81],{"class":80},[52,98290,85],{"class":84},[52,98292,15791],{"class":88},[52,98294,329],{"class":84},[20,98296,135],{},[43,98298,98299],{"className":45,"code":97575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98300,98301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98302,98303,98305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98304,6410],{"class":1929},[52,98306,8763],{"class":84},[412,98308,1725,98310,98312],{"id":98309},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98311,11444],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98314,98315,98317,98318,98320],{},[15,98316,11444],{}," removes ",[3865,98319,3837],{}," items from the set.",[20,98322,98323,98324,32,98329,92],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[289,98325,98327],{"href":98326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98328,55651],{},[289,98330,98332],{"href":98331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98333,12885],{},[412,98335,1828,98337,98339],{"id":98336},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98338,3915],{}," for an empty set",[20,98341,25816],{},[43,98343,98345],{"className":45,"code":98344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98346,98347,98356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98348,98349,98352,98354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98350,98351],{"class":58},"empty_value ",[52,98353,63],{"class":62},[52,98355,9959],{"class":84},[52,98357,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98369],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98359,81],{"class":80},[52,98361,85],{"class":84},[52,98363,1930],{"class":1929},[52,98365,85],{"class":84},[52,98367,98368],{"class":88},"empty_value",[52,98370,108],{"class":84},[20,98372,135],{},[43,98374,98375],{"className":45,"code":8928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98376,98377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98378,98379,98381,98383,98385,98387,98389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98380,3410],{"class":62},[52,98382,3413],{"class":2180},[52,98384,3416],{"class":66},[52,98386,8941],{"class":70},[52,98388,1888],{"class":66},[52,98390,3423],{"class":62},[20,98392,98393,8908],{},[15,98394,3915],{},[20,98396,98397],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[43,98399,98401],{"className":45,"code":98400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98402,98403,98414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98404,98405,98408,98410,98412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98406,98407],{"class":58},"empty_set ",[52,98409,63],{"class":62},[52,98411,15758],{"class":1929},[52,98413,8763],{"class":84},[52,98415,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98427],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98417,81],{"class":80},[52,98419,85],{"class":84},[52,98421,1930],{"class":1929},[52,98423,85],{"class":84},[52,98425,98426],{"class":88},"empty_set",[52,98428,108],{"class":84},[20,98430,135],{},[43,98432,98433],{"className":45,"code":8972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98434,98435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98436,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98438,3410],{"class":62},[52,98440,3413],{"class":2180},[52,98442,3416],{"class":66},[52,98444,6410],{"class":70},[52,98446,1888],{"class":66},[52,98448,3423],{"class":62},[412,98450,98452],{"id":98451},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[43,98454,98456],{"className":45,"code":98455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98457,98458,98482,98490,98494,98504,98508,98518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98459,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98461,2673],{"class":58},[52,98463,63],{"class":62},[52,98465,10612],{"class":84},[52,98467,100],{"class":66},[52,98469,2289],{"class":70},[52,98471,100],{"class":66},[52,98473,318],{"class":84},[52,98475,67],{"class":66},[52,98477,11868],{"class":70},[52,98479,100],{"class":66},[52,98481,9429],{"class":84},[52,98483,98484,98486,98488],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98485,2701],{"class":58},[52,98487,63],{"class":62},[52,98489,36300],{"class":58},[52,98491,98492],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98493,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,98495,98496,98498,98500,98502],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,98497,289],{"class":58},[52,98499,92],{"class":84},[52,98501,11505],{"class":88},[52,98503,8763],{"class":84},[52,98505,98506],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,98507,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,98511,81],{"class":80},[52,98513,85],{"class":84},[52,98515,289],{"class":88},[52,98517,329],{"class":84},[52,98519,98520,98522,98524,98526],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,98521,81],{"class":80},[52,98523,85],{"class":84},[52,98525,4883],{"class":88},[52,98527,329],{"class":84},[20,98529,135],{},[43,98531,98532],{"className":45,"code":97849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98533,98534,98540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98535,98536,98538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98537,6410],{"class":1929},[52,98539,8763],{"class":84},[52,98541,98542,98544],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98543,6410],{"class":1929},[52,98545,8763],{"class":84},[20,98547,29187,98548,342,98550,98552],{},[15,98549,289],{},[15,98551,4883],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[38,98554,1940],{"id":1939},[412,98556,5266,98558,5269],{"id":98557},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98559,97517],{},[20,98561,5272,98562,98564],{},[15,98563,3901],{},". It empties the set in place.",[412,98566,1944,98568,98570],{"id":98567},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98569,11444],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98572,98573],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[412,98575,98577],{"id":98576},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98579,98580,98581,98583,98584,92],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98582,11444],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98585,3920],{},[412,98587,1987,98589,342,98591,1993],{"id":98588},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98590,11444],{},[15,98592,3920],{},[20,98594,98595,98597,98598,98600],{},[15,98596,11444],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98599,3920],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[38,98602,2005],{"id":2004},[176,98604,98605,98609,98613,98620,98626,98632],{},[179,98606,98607],{},[289,98608,96445],{"href":97616},[179,98610,98611],{},[289,98612,97455],{"href":98000},[179,98614,98615],{},[289,98616,96931,98618,1441],{"href":98617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98619,96320],{},[179,98621,98622],{},[289,98623,96931,98624,1441],{"href":98326},[15,98625,55651],{},[179,98627,98628],{},[289,98629,96931,98630,1441],{"href":98331},[15,98631,12885],{},[179,98633,98634],{},[289,98635,96931,98637,1441],{"href":98636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98638,15078],{},[2035,98640,98641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":98643},[98644,98646,98647,98648,98655,98656,98665,98674],{"id":97591,"depth":77,"text":98645},"What set.clear() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":97755,"depth":77,"text":98649,"children":98650},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98651,98653],{"id":97768,"depth":111,"text":98652},"Using clear()",{"id":97872,"depth":111,"text":98654},"Using set()",{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":98657},[98658,98660,98662,98664],{"id":98184,"depth":111,"text":98659},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98309,"depth":111,"text":98661},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98336,"depth":111,"text":98663},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98451,"depth":111,"text":98452},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":98666},[98667,98669,98671,98672],{"id":98557,"depth":111,"text":98668},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98567,"depth":111,"text":98670},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98576,"depth":111,"text":98577},{"id":98588,"depth":111,"text":98673},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97505,"description":98675},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98682,"title":98683,"body":98684,"description":100516,"extension":2078,"meta":100517,"navigation":221,"path":96448,"seo":100518,"stem":100519,"__hash__":100520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98685,"toc":100473},[98686,98689,98692,98695,98697,98800,98804,98851,98857,98859,98878,98882,98885,98887,98901,98910,98914,98917,98952,98956,98976,98979,98983,98986,99047,99051,99076,99083,99089,99094,99096,99108,99112,99161,99165,99189,99196,99200,99241,99245,99266,99270,99303,99307,99348,99351,99355,99360,99399,99403,99428,99433,99439,99476,99480,99503,99507,99509,99512,99515,99592,99596,99633,99636,99640,99646,99649,99659,99708,99714,99720,99747,99750,99772,99774,99805,99808,99812,99816,99855,99859,99922,99925,99958,99962,99987,99989,99992,99998,100001,100028,100031,100049,100053,100057,100060,100103,100106,100110,100113,100116,100146,100149,100153,100156,100171,100176,100180,100183,100272,100274,100277,100367,100370,100388,100390,100394,100404,100408,100416,100420,100423,100427,100430,100434,100437,100439,100467,100470],[10,98687,98683],{"id":98688},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98690,98691],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98693,98694],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[38,98696,3729],{"id":3728},[43,98698,98700],{"className":45,"code":98699,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98701,98702,98722,98756,98766,98770,98780,98790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98703,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98705,3739],{"class":58},[52,98707,63],{"class":62},[52,98709,10612],{"class":84},[52,98711,3106],{"class":608},[52,98713,318],{"class":84},[52,98715,3111],{"class":608},[52,98717,318],{"class":84},[52,98719,609],{"class":608},[52,98721,9429],{"class":84},[52,98723,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98725,4190],{"class":58},[52,98727,63],{"class":62},[52,98729,15758],{"class":1929},[52,98731,3103],{"class":84},[52,98733,100],{"class":66},[52,98735,4199],{"class":70},[52,98737,100],{"class":66},[52,98739,318],{"class":84},[52,98741,67],{"class":66},[52,98743,4208],{"class":70},[52,98745,100],{"class":66},[52,98747,318],{"class":84},[52,98749,67],{"class":66},[52,98751,4199],{"class":70},[52,98753,100],{"class":66},[52,98755,4009],{"class":84},[52,98757,98758,98760,98762,98764],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98759,98407],{"class":58},[52,98761,63],{"class":62},[52,98763,15758],{"class":1929},[52,98765,8763],{"class":84},[52,98767,98768],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,98769,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,98771,98772,98774,98776,98778],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,98773,81],{"class":80},[52,98775,85],{"class":84},[52,98777,3771],{"class":88},[52,98779,329],{"class":84},[52,98781,98782,98784,98786,98788],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,98783,81],{"class":80},[52,98785,85],{"class":84},[52,98787,4234],{"class":88},[52,98789,329],{"class":84},[52,98791,98792,98794,98796,98798],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,98793,81],{"class":80},[52,98795,85],{"class":84},[52,98797,98426],{"class":88},[52,98799,329],{"class":84},[20,98801,98802],{},[3865,98803,135],{},[43,98805,98807],{"className":45,"code":98806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98808,98809,98825,98845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98810,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98812,9398],{"class":84},[52,98814,3106],{"class":608},[52,98816,318],{"class":84},[52,98818,3111],{"class":608},[52,98820,318],{"class":84},[52,98822,609],{"class":608},[52,98824,9429],{"class":84},[52,98826,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98828,9398],{"class":84},[52,98830,1888],{"class":66},[52,98832,4208],{"class":70},[52,98834,1888],{"class":66},[52,98836,318],{"class":84},[52,98838,3416],{"class":66},[52,98840,4199],{"class":70},[52,98842,1888],{"class":66},[52,98844,9429],{"class":84},[52,98846,98847,98849],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,98848,6410],{"class":1929},[52,98850,8763],{"class":84},[20,98852,98853,98854,98856],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98855,3920],{}," for an empty set.",[38,98858,15287],{"id":15286},[176,98860,98861,98864,98869,98872,98875],{},[179,98862,98863],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[179,98865,98866,98867],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98868,3920],{},[179,98870,98871],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[179,98873,98874],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[179,98876,98877],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[38,98879,98881],{"id":98880},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98883,98884],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98886,30666],{},[176,98888,98889,98892,98895,98898],{},[179,98890,98891],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[179,98893,98894],{},"Sets are unordered",[179,98896,98897],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[179,98899,98900],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98902,98903,98904,32,98906,92],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[289,98905,96445],{"href":97616},[289,98907,98909],{"href":98908},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[38,98911,98913],{"id":98912},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98915,98916],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[43,98918,98920],{"className":45,"code":98919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98921,98922,98942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98923,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98925,3739],{"class":58},[52,98927,63],{"class":62},[52,98929,10612],{"class":84},[52,98931,3106],{"class":608},[52,98933,318],{"class":84},[52,98935,3111],{"class":608},[52,98937,318],{"class":84},[52,98939,609],{"class":608},[52,98941,9429],{"class":84},[52,98943,98944,98946,98948,98950],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,98945,81],{"class":80},[52,98947,85],{"class":84},[52,98949,3771],{"class":88},[52,98951,329],{"class":84},[20,98953,98954],{},[3865,98955,30156],{},[43,98957,98958],{"className":45,"code":96724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98959,98960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98961,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98963,9398],{"class":84},[52,98965,3106],{"class":608},[52,98967,318],{"class":84},[52,98969,3111],{"class":608},[52,98971,318],{"class":84},[52,98973,609],{"class":608},[52,98975,9429],{"class":84},[20,98977,98978],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[412,98980,98982],{"id":98981},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98984,98985],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[43,98987,98989],{"className":45,"code":98988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98990,98991,99023,99033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98992,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98994,3739],{"class":58},[52,98996,63],{"class":62},[52,98998,10612],{"class":84},[52,99000,3106],{"class":608},[52,99002,318],{"class":84},[52,99004,3111],{"class":608},[52,99006,318],{"class":84},[52,99008,3111],{"class":608},[52,99010,318],{"class":84},[52,99012,609],{"class":608},[52,99014,318],{"class":84},[52,99016,609],{"class":608},[52,99018,318],{"class":84},[52,99020,609],{"class":608},[52,99022,9429],{"class":84},[52,99024,99025,99027,99029,99031],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99026,81],{"class":80},[52,99028,85],{"class":84},[52,99030,3771],{"class":88},[52,99032,329],{"class":84},[52,99034,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,99036,81],{"class":80},[52,99038,85],{"class":84},[52,99040,11284],{"class":80},[52,99042,85],{"class":84},[52,99044,3771],{"class":88},[52,99046,108],{"class":84},[20,99048,99049],{},[3865,99050,30156],{},[43,99052,99054],{"className":45,"code":99053,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99055,99056,99072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99057,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99059,9398],{"class":84},[52,99061,3106],{"class":608},[52,99063,318],{"class":84},[52,99065,3111],{"class":608},[52,99067,318],{"class":84},[52,99069,609],{"class":608},[52,99071,9429],{"class":84},[52,99073,99074],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99075,46740],{"class":608},[20,99077,21104,99078,342,99080,99082],{},[15,99079,2172],{},[15,99081,627],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[38,99084,99086,99087],{"id":99085},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99088,3920],{},[20,99090,154,99091,99093],{},[15,99092,3920],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99095,5580],{},[176,99097,99098,99100,99102,99104],{},[179,99099,97204],{},[179,99101,96500],{},[179,99103,56587],{},[179,99105,99106],{},[15,99107,36323],{},[412,99109,99111],{"id":99110},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[43,99113,99115],{"className":45,"code":99114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99116,99117,99151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99118,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99120,3739],{"class":58},[52,99122,63],{"class":62},[52,99124,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99126,3103],{"class":84},[52,99128,3106],{"class":608},[52,99130,318],{"class":84},[52,99132,3111],{"class":608},[52,99134,318],{"class":84},[52,99136,3111],{"class":608},[52,99138,318],{"class":84},[52,99140,609],{"class":608},[52,99142,318],{"class":84},[52,99144,609],{"class":608},[52,99146,318],{"class":84},[52,99148,2575],{"class":608},[52,99150,4009],{"class":84},[52,99152,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99154,81],{"class":80},[52,99156,85],{"class":84},[52,99158,3771],{"class":88},[52,99160,329],{"class":84},[20,99162,99163],{},[3865,99164,30156],{},[43,99166,99167],{"className":45,"code":96387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99168,99169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99170,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99172,9398],{"class":84},[52,99174,3106],{"class":608},[52,99176,318],{"class":84},[52,99178,3111],{"class":608},[52,99180,318],{"class":84},[52,99182,609],{"class":608},[52,99184,318],{"class":84},[52,99186,2575],{"class":608},[52,99188,9429],{"class":84},[20,99190,99191,99192,92],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[289,99193,99195],{"href":99194},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[412,99197,99199],{"id":99198},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[43,99201,99203],{"className":45,"code":99202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99204,99205,99231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99206,99207,99209,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99208,3946],{"class":58},[52,99210,63],{"class":62},[52,99212,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99214,519],{"class":84},[52,99216,2448],{"class":608},[52,99218,318],{"class":84},[52,99220,7914],{"class":608},[52,99222,318],{"class":84},[52,99224,7914],{"class":608},[52,99226,318],{"class":84},[52,99228,7919],{"class":608},[52,99230,108],{"class":84},[52,99232,99233,99235,99237,99239],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99234,81],{"class":80},[52,99236,85],{"class":84},[52,99238,5482],{"class":88},[52,99240,329],{"class":84},[20,99242,99243],{},[3865,99244,30156],{},[43,99246,99248],{"className":45,"code":99247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99249,99250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99251,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99253,9398],{"class":84},[52,99255,2448],{"class":608},[52,99257,318],{"class":84},[52,99259,7914],{"class":608},[52,99261,318],{"class":84},[52,99263,7919],{"class":608},[52,99265,9429],{"class":84},[412,99267,99269],{"id":99268},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[43,99271,99273],{"className":45,"code":99272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99274,99275,99293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99276,99277,99279,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99278,36215],{"class":58},[52,99280,63],{"class":62},[52,99282,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99284,85],{"class":84},[52,99286,100],{"class":66},[52,99288,266],{"class":70},[52,99290,100],{"class":66},[52,99292,329],{"class":84},[52,99294,99295,99297,99299,99301],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99296,81],{"class":80},[52,99298,85],{"class":84},[52,99300,36268],{"class":88},[52,99302,329],{"class":84},[20,99304,99305],{},[3865,99306,30156],{},[43,99308,99310],{"className":45,"code":99309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99311,99312],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99313,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99315,9398],{"class":84},[52,99317,1888],{"class":66},[52,99319,60561],{"class":70},[52,99321,1888],{"class":66},[52,99323,318],{"class":84},[52,99325,3416],{"class":66},[52,99327,60570],{"class":70},[52,99329,1888],{"class":66},[52,99331,318],{"class":84},[52,99333,3416],{"class":66},[52,99335,60579],{"class":70},[52,99337,1888],{"class":66},[52,99339,318],{"class":84},[52,99341,3416],{"class":66},[52,99343,60596],{"class":70},[52,99345,1888],{"class":66},[52,99347,9429],{"class":84},[20,99349,99350],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[38,99352,99354],{"id":99353},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99356,99357,99358,92],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99359,3920],{},[43,99361,99363],{"className":45,"code":99362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99364,99365,99375,99385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99366,99367,99369,99371,99373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99368,98407],{"class":58},[52,99370,63],{"class":62},[52,99372,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99374,8763],{"class":84},[52,99376,99377,99379,99381,99383],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99378,81],{"class":80},[52,99380,85],{"class":84},[52,99382,98426],{"class":88},[52,99384,329],{"class":84},[52,99386,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,99388,81],{"class":80},[52,99390,85],{"class":84},[52,99392,1930],{"class":1929},[52,99394,85],{"class":84},[52,99396,98426],{"class":88},[52,99398,108],{"class":84},[20,99400,99401],{},[3865,99402,135],{},[43,99404,99406],{"className":45,"code":99405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99407,99408,99414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99409,99410,99412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99411,6410],{"class":1929},[52,99413,8763],{"class":84},[52,99415,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99417,3410],{"class":62},[52,99419,3413],{"class":2180},[52,99421,3416],{"class":66},[52,99423,6410],{"class":70},[52,99425,1888],{"class":66},[52,99427,3423],{"class":62},[412,99429,44553,99431],{"id":99430},"do-not-use",[15,99432,3915],{},[20,99434,99435,99436,99438],{},"Empty braces do ",[3865,99437,4752],{}," create a set.",[43,99440,99442],{"className":45,"code":99441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99443,99444,99452,99462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99445,99446,99448,99450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99447,98351],{"class":58},[52,99449,63],{"class":62},[52,99451,9959],{"class":84},[52,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99455,81],{"class":80},[52,99457,85],{"class":84},[52,99459,98368],{"class":88},[52,99461,329],{"class":84},[52,99463,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,99465,81],{"class":80},[52,99467,85],{"class":84},[52,99469,1930],{"class":1929},[52,99471,85],{"class":84},[52,99473,98368],{"class":88},[52,99475,108],{"class":84},[20,99477,99478],{},[3865,99479,135],{},[43,99481,99483],{"className":45,"code":99482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99484,99485,99489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99486,99487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99488,9555],{"class":84},[52,99490,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99492,3410],{"class":62},[52,99494,3413],{"class":2180},[52,99496,3416],{"class":66},[52,99498,8941],{"class":70},[52,99500,1888],{"class":66},[52,99502,3423],{"class":62},[20,99504,99505,8908],{},[15,99506,3915],{},[38,99508,72389],{"id":72388},[20,99510,99511],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99513,99514],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[43,99516,99518],{"className":45,"code":99517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99519,99520,99568,99578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99521,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99523,4190],{"class":58},[52,99525,63],{"class":62},[52,99527,10612],{"class":84},[52,99529,100],{"class":66},[52,99531,4199],{"class":70},[52,99533,100],{"class":66},[52,99535,318],{"class":84},[52,99537,67],{"class":66},[52,99539,4208],{"class":70},[52,99541,100],{"class":66},[52,99543,318],{"class":84},[52,99545,67],{"class":66},[52,99547,4199],{"class":70},[52,99549,100],{"class":66},[52,99551,318],{"class":84},[52,99553,67],{"class":66},[52,99555,4199],{"class":70},[52,99557,100],{"class":66},[52,99559,318],{"class":84},[52,99561,67],{"class":66},[52,99563,33347],{"class":70},[52,99565,100],{"class":66},[52,99567,9429],{"class":84},[52,99569,99570,99572,99574,99576],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99571,81],{"class":80},[52,99573,85],{"class":84},[52,99575,4234],{"class":88},[52,99577,329],{"class":84},[52,99579,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,99581,81],{"class":80},[52,99583,85],{"class":84},[52,99585,11284],{"class":80},[52,99587,85],{"class":84},[52,99589,4234],{"class":88},[52,99591,108],{"class":84},[20,99593,99594],{},[3865,99595,30156],{},[43,99597,99599],{"className":45,"code":99598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99600,99601,99629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99602,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99604,9398],{"class":84},[52,99606,1888],{"class":66},[52,99608,4208],{"class":70},[52,99610,1888],{"class":66},[52,99612,318],{"class":84},[52,99614,3416],{"class":66},[52,99616,33347],{"class":70},[52,99618,1888],{"class":66},[52,99620,318],{"class":84},[52,99622,3416],{"class":66},[52,99624,4199],{"class":70},[52,99626,1888],{"class":66},[52,99628,9429],{"class":84},[52,99630,99631],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99632,46740],{"class":608},[20,99634,99635],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[38,99637,99639],{"id":99638},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99641,99642,99643,99645],{},"Set items must be ",[3865,99644,96488],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99647,99648],{},"These usually work:",[176,99650,99651,99653,99655,99657],{},[179,99652,56584],{},[179,99654,56587],{},[179,99656,96500],{},[179,99658,40721],{},[43,99660,99662],{"className":45,"code":99661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99663,99664,99698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99665,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99667,3946],{"class":58},[52,99669,63],{"class":62},[52,99671,10612],{"class":84},[52,99673,3106],{"class":608},[52,99675,318],{"class":84},[52,99677,67],{"class":66},[52,99679,4199],{"class":70},[52,99681,100],{"class":66},[52,99683,318],{"class":84},[52,99685,1370],{"class":84},[52,99687,2448],{"class":608},[52,99689,318],{"class":84},[52,99691,7914],{"class":608},[52,99693,9354],{"class":84},[52,99695,4037],{"class":145},[52,99697,9429],{"class":84},[52,99699,99700,99702,99704,99706],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99701,81],{"class":80},[52,99703,85],{"class":84},[52,99705,5482],{"class":88},[52,99707,329],{"class":84},[20,99709,99710,99711,99713],{},"These do ",[3865,99712,4752],{}," work directly:",[176,99715,99716,99718],{},[179,99717,97204],{},[179,99719,97207],{},[43,99721,99723],{"className":45,"code":99722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99724,99725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99726,99727,99730,99732,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99728,99729],{"class":58},"bad_set ",[52,99731,63],{"class":62},[52,99733,99734],{"class":84}," {[",[52,99736,3106],{"class":608},[52,99738,318],{"class":84},[52,99740,3111],{"class":608},[52,99742,318],{"class":84},[52,99744,609],{"class":608},[52,99746,13830],{"class":84},[20,99748,99749],{},"This raises an error:",[43,99751,99752],{"className":45,"code":97263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99753,99754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99755,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99757,3124],{"class":1929},[52,99759,174],{"class":84},[52,99761,97274],{"class":58},[52,99763,1930],{"class":1929},[52,99765,174],{"class":84},[52,99767,3416],{"class":66},[52,99769,8217],{"class":70},[52,99771,29826],{"class":66},[20,99773,1342],{},[43,99775,99777],{"className":45,"code":99776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99778,99779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99780,99781,99783,99785,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99782,99729],{"class":58},[52,99784,63],{"class":62},[52,99786,99787],{"class":84}," {{",[52,99789,100],{"class":66},[52,99791,459],{"class":70},[52,99793,100],{"class":66},[52,99795,174],{"class":84},[52,99797,67],{"class":66},[52,99799,7800],{"class":70},[52,99801,100],{"class":66},[52,99803,99804],{"class":84},"}}\n",[20,99806,99807],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,99809,99811],{"id":99810},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[412,99813,99815],{"id":99814},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[43,99817,99819],{"className":45,"code":99818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99820,99821,99845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99822,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99824,3739],{"class":58},[52,99826,63],{"class":62},[52,99828,10612],{"class":84},[52,99830,3106],{"class":608},[52,99832,318],{"class":84},[52,99834,3111],{"class":608},[52,99836,318],{"class":84},[52,99838,609],{"class":608},[52,99840,318],{"class":84},[52,99842,2575],{"class":608},[52,99844,9429],{"class":84},[52,99846,99847,99849,99851,99853],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99848,81],{"class":80},[52,99850,85],{"class":84},[52,99852,3771],{"class":88},[52,99854,329],{"class":84},[412,99856,99858],{"id":99857},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[43,99860,99862],{"className":45,"code":99861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99863,99864,99892,99907,99911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99865,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99867,7903],{"class":58},[52,99869,63],{"class":62},[52,99871,3744],{"class":84},[52,99873,3106],{"class":608},[52,99875,318],{"class":84},[52,99877,5621],{"class":608},[52,99879,318],{"class":84},[52,99881,3111],{"class":608},[52,99883,318],{"class":84},[52,99885,609],{"class":608},[52,99887,318],{"class":84},[52,99889,609],{"class":608},[52,99891,3757],{"class":84},[52,99893,99894,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99895,99896],{"class":58},"unique_items ",[52,99898,63],{"class":62},[52,99900,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99902,85],{"class":84},[52,99904,7934],{"class":88},[52,99906,329],{"class":84},[52,99908,99909],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,99910,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,99912,99913,99915,99917,99920],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,99914,81],{"class":80},[52,99916,85],{"class":84},[52,99918,99919],{"class":88},"unique_items",[52,99921,329],{"class":84},[412,99923,99269],{"id":99924},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[43,99926,99928],{"className":45,"code":99927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99929,99930,99948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99931,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99933,36215],{"class":58},[52,99935,63],{"class":62},[52,99937,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99939,85],{"class":84},[52,99941,100],{"class":66},[52,99943,4208],{"class":70},[52,99945,100],{"class":66},[52,99947,329],{"class":84},[52,99949,99950,99952,99954,99956],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99951,81],{"class":80},[52,99953,85],{"class":84},[52,99955,36268],{"class":88},[52,99957,329],{"class":84},[412,99959,99961],{"id":99960},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[43,99963,99965],{"className":45,"code":99964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99966,99967,99977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99968,99969,99971,99973,99975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99970,98407],{"class":58},[52,99972,63],{"class":62},[52,99974,15758],{"class":1929},[52,99976,8763],{"class":84},[52,99978,99979,99981,99983,99985],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,99980,81],{"class":80},[52,99982,85],{"class":84},[52,99984,98426],{"class":88},[52,99986,329],{"class":84},[38,99988,1445],{"id":1444},[20,99990,99991],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[412,99993,1828,99995,99997],{"id":99994},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99996,3915],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99999,100000],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[43,100002,100004],{"className":45,"code":100003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100005,100006,100014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100007,100008,100010,100012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100009,2565],{"class":58},[52,100011,63],{"class":62},[52,100013,9959],{"class":84},[52,100015,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100017,81],{"class":80},[52,100019,85],{"class":84},[52,100021,1930],{"class":1929},[52,100023,85],{"class":84},[52,100025,2591],{"class":88},[52,100027,108],{"class":84},[20,100029,100030],{},"This prints:",[43,100032,100033],{"className":45,"code":8928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100034,100035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100036,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100038,3410],{"class":62},[52,100040,3413],{"class":2180},[52,100042,3416],{"class":66},[52,100044,8941],{"class":70},[52,100046,1888],{"class":66},[52,100048,3423],{"class":62},[20,100050,154,100051,6755],{},[15,100052,3920],{},[412,100054,100056],{"id":100055},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100058,100059],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[43,100061,100063],{"className":45,"code":100062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100064,100065,100093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100066,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100068,3739],{"class":58},[52,100070,63],{"class":62},[52,100072,10612],{"class":84},[52,100074,3106],{"class":608},[52,100076,318],{"class":84},[52,100078,5621],{"class":608},[52,100080,318],{"class":84},[52,100082,3111],{"class":608},[52,100084,318],{"class":84},[52,100086,3111],{"class":608},[52,100088,318],{"class":84},[52,100090,609],{"class":608},[52,100092,9429],{"class":84},[52,100094,100095,100097,100099,100101],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100096,81],{"class":80},[52,100098,85],{"class":84},[52,100100,3771],{"class":88},[52,100102,329],{"class":84},[20,100104,100105],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[412,100107,100109],{"id":100108},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100111,100112],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100114,100115],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[43,100117,100119],{"className":45,"code":100118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100120,100121,100141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100122,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137,100139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100124,3739],{"class":58},[52,100126,63],{"class":62},[52,100128,10612],{"class":84},[52,100130,2448],{"class":608},[52,100132,318],{"class":84},[52,100134,7914],{"class":608},[52,100136,318],{"class":84},[52,100138,7919],{"class":608},[52,100140,9429],{"class":84},[52,100142,100143],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100144,100145],{"class":1479},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100147,100148],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[412,100150,100152],{"id":100151},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100154,100155],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[43,100157,100159],{"className":45,"code":100158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100160,100161,100166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100162,100163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100164,100165],{"class":1479},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[52,100167,100168],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100169,100170],{"class":1479},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100172,100173,100174,92],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100175,3124],{},[412,100177,100179],{"id":100178},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100181,100182],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[43,100184,100186],{"className":45,"code":100185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100187,100188,100208,100240,100244,100258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100189,100190,100192,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100191,15753],{"class":58},[52,100193,63],{"class":62},[52,100195,10612],{"class":84},[52,100197,3106],{"class":608},[52,100199,318],{"class":84},[52,100201,3111],{"class":608},[52,100203,318],{"class":84},[52,100205,609],{"class":608},[52,100207,9429],{"class":84},[52,100209,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100211,11847],{"class":58},[52,100213,63],{"class":62},[52,100215,10612],{"class":84},[52,100217,100],{"class":66},[52,100219,289],{"class":70},[52,100221,100],{"class":66},[52,100223,174],{"class":84},[52,100225,5621],{"class":608},[52,100227,318],{"class":84},[52,100229,67],{"class":66},[52,100231,4883],{"class":70},[52,100233,100],{"class":66},[52,100235,174],{"class":84},[52,100237,3111],{"class":608},[52,100239,9429],{"class":84},[52,100241,100242],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,100243,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,100245,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,100247,81],{"class":80},[52,100249,85],{"class":84},[52,100251,1930],{"class":1929},[52,100253,85],{"class":84},[52,100255,15791],{"class":88},[52,100257,108],{"class":84},[52,100259,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,100261,81],{"class":80},[52,100263,85],{"class":84},[52,100265,1930],{"class":1929},[52,100267,85],{"class":84},[52,100269,11571],{"class":88},[52,100271,108],{"class":84},[38,100273,92900],{"id":92899},[20,100275,100276],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[43,100278,100280],{"className":45,"code":100279,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100281,100282,100308,100312,100326,100336,100350,100357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100285,15753],{"class":58},[52,100287,63],{"class":62},[52,100289,15758],{"class":1929},[52,100291,3103],{"class":84},[52,100293,3106],{"class":608},[52,100295,318],{"class":84},[52,100297,3111],{"class":608},[52,100299,318],{"class":84},[52,100301,3111],{"class":608},[52,100303,318],{"class":84},[52,100305,609],{"class":608},[52,100307,4009],{"class":84},[52,100309,100310],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100311,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,100313,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,100315,81],{"class":80},[52,100317,85],{"class":84},[52,100319,1930],{"class":1929},[52,100321,85],{"class":84},[52,100323,15791],{"class":88},[52,100325,108],{"class":84},[52,100327,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,100329,81],{"class":80},[52,100331,85],{"class":84},[52,100333,15791],{"class":88},[52,100335,329],{"class":84},[52,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344,100346,100348],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,100339,81],{"class":80},[52,100341,85],{"class":84},[52,100343,11284],{"class":80},[52,100345,85],{"class":84},[52,100347,15791],{"class":88},[52,100349,108],{"class":84},[52,100351,100352,100354],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,100353,81],{"class":80},[52,100355,100356],{"class":84},"({})\n",[52,100358,100359,100361,100363,100365],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,100360,81],{"class":80},[52,100362,85],{"class":84},[52,100364,6410],{"class":1929},[52,100366,7317],{"class":84},[20,100368,100369],{},"Use these to confirm:",[176,100371,100372,100375,100378,100381],{},[179,100373,100374],{},"The object type",[179,100376,100377],{},"The actual values stored",[179,100379,100380],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[179,100382,100383,100384,342,100386],{},"The difference between ",[15,100385,3915],{},[15,100387,3920],{},[38,100389,1940],{"id":1939},[412,100391,100393],{"id":100392},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100395,100396,100397,100400,100401,100403],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100398,100399],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100402,3920],{}," with another iterable.",[412,100405,100407],{"id":100406},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100409,154,100410,100412,100413,100415],{},[15,100411,3920],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100414,3915],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[412,100417,100419],{"id":100418},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100421,100422],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[412,100424,100426],{"id":100425},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100428,100429],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[412,100431,100433],{"id":100432},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100435,100436],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[38,100438,2005],{"id":2004},[176,100440,100441,100445,100451,100457,100462],{},[179,100442,100443],{},[289,100444,96445],{"href":97616},[179,100446,100447],{},[289,100448,3696,100449,1441],{"href":98617},[15,100450,96325],{},[179,100452,100453],{},[289,100454,3696,100455,1441],{"href":98636},[15,100456,97431],{},[179,100458,100459],{},[289,100460,100461],{"href":99194},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[179,100463,100464],{},[289,100465,100466],{"href":98908},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100468,100469],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2035,100471,100472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":100474},[100475,100476,100477,100478,100481,100487,100491,100492,100493,100499,100507,100508,100515],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":15286,"depth":77,"text":15287},{"id":98880,"depth":77,"text":98881},{"id":98912,"depth":77,"text":98913,"children":100479},[100480],{"id":98981,"depth":111,"text":98982},{"id":99085,"depth":77,"text":100482,"children":100483},"Create a set with set()",[100484,100485,100486],{"id":99110,"depth":111,"text":99111},{"id":99198,"depth":111,"text":99199},{"id":99268,"depth":111,"text":99269},{"id":99353,"depth":77,"text":99354,"children":100488},[100489],{"id":99430,"depth":111,"text":100490},"Do not use {}",{"id":72388,"depth":77,"text":72389},{"id":99638,"depth":77,"text":99639},{"id":99810,"depth":77,"text":99811,"children":100494},[100495,100496,100497,100498],{"id":99814,"depth":111,"text":99815},{"id":99857,"depth":111,"text":99858},{"id":99924,"depth":111,"text":99269},{"id":99960,"depth":111,"text":99961},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":100500},[100501,100503,100504,100505,100506],{"id":99994,"depth":111,"text":100502},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100055,"depth":111,"text":100056},{"id":100108,"depth":111,"text":100109},{"id":100151,"depth":111,"text":100152},{"id":100178,"depth":111,"text":100179},{"id":92899,"depth":77,"text":92900},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":100509},[100510,100511,100512,100513,100514],{"id":100392,"depth":111,"text":100393},{"id":100406,"depth":111,"text":100407},{"id":100418,"depth":111,"text":100419},{"id":100425,"depth":111,"text":100426},{"id":100432,"depth":111,"text":100433},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98683,"description":100516},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100522,"title":100523,"body":100524,"description":102955,"extension":2078,"meta":102956,"navigation":221,"path":102957,"seo":102958,"stem":102959,"__hash__":102960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100525,"toc":102920},[100526,100532,100538,100541,100543,100620,100622,100639,100649,100651,100656,100664,100666,100682,100686,100688,100690,100693,100714,100717,100741,100747,100749,100846,100848,100865,100875,100877,100879,100887,100889,100900,100902,100993,100995,101019,101030,101032,101034,101037,101167,101169,101242,101244,101265,101268,101270,101276,101281,101284,101411,101413,101430,101433,101435,101443,101446,101450,101458,101549,101551,101588,101593,101600,101677,101679,101695,101700,101705,101707,101716,101724,101805,101807,101836,101839,101843,101854,101857,101940,101942,101963,101969,101971,101973,101977,101981,101988,102053,102055,102075,102078,102147,102149,102165,102169,102175,102187,102195,102197,102282,102284,102313,102316,102320,102325,102327,102377,102380,102461,102463,102479,102483,102486,102561,102564,102568,102571,102648,102650,102683,102689,102693,102696,102831,102833,102847,102849,102851,102857,102860,102867,102875,102881,102884,102888,102891,102893,102895,102917],[10,100527,96317,100529,18],{"id":100528},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100530,100531],{},"difference()",[20,100533,100534,100537],{},[15,100535,100536],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100539,100540],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[38,100542,3729],{"id":3728},[43,100544,100546],{"className":45,"code":100545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100547,100548,100572,100592,100610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100549,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100551,2673],{"class":58},[52,100553,63],{"class":62},[52,100555,10612],{"class":84},[52,100557,3106],{"class":608},[52,100559,318],{"class":84},[52,100561,3111],{"class":608},[52,100563,318],{"class":84},[52,100565,609],{"class":608},[52,100567,318],{"class":84},[52,100569,2575],{"class":608},[52,100571,9429],{"class":84},[52,100573,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100575,2701],{"class":58},[52,100577,63],{"class":62},[52,100579,10612],{"class":84},[52,100581,627],{"class":608},[52,100583,318],{"class":84},[52,100585,2575],{"class":608},[52,100587,318],{"class":84},[52,100589,4726],{"class":608},[52,100591,9429],{"class":84},[52,100593,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,100595,2346],{"class":58},[52,100597,63],{"class":62},[52,100599,57010],{"class":58},[52,100601,92],{"class":84},[52,100603,2931],{"class":88},[52,100605,85],{"class":84},[52,100607,4883],{"class":88},[52,100609,329],{"class":84},[52,100611,100612,100614,100616,100618],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,100613,81],{"class":80},[52,100615,85],{"class":84},[52,100617,2381],{"class":88},[52,100619,329],{"class":84},[20,100621,135],{},[43,100623,100625],{"className":45,"code":100624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100626,100627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100628,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100630,9398],{"class":84},[52,100632,3106],{"class":608},[52,100634,318],{"class":84},[52,100636,3111],{"class":608},[52,100638,9429],{"class":84},[20,100640,100641,100643,100644,100646,100647,92],{},[15,100642,100531],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100645,289],{}," that are not in ",[15,100648,4883],{},[45039,100650],{},[38,100652,166,100654,169],{"id":100653},"what-difference-does",[15,100655,100531],{},[20,100657,2095,100658,100660,100661,100663],{},[15,100659,100531],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3865,100662,4752],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100665,13175],{},[176,100667,100668,100673,100676,100679],{},[179,100669,100670,100672],{},[15,100671,100531],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[179,100674,100675],{},"It creates a new set",[179,100677,100678],{},"It does not change the original set",[179,100680,100681],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100683,96441,100684,92],{},[289,100685,96445],{"href":97616},[45039,100687],{},[38,100689,296],{"id":295},[20,100691,100692],{},"Use this form:",[43,100694,100696],{"className":45,"code":100695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100697,100698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100699,100700,100703,100705,100707,100709,100712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100701,100702],{"class":58},"set1",[52,100704,92],{"class":84},[52,100706,2931],{"class":88},[52,100708,85],{"class":84},[52,100710,100711],{"class":88},"set2",[52,100713,329],{"class":84},[20,100715,100716],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[43,100718,100720],{"className":45,"code":100719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100721,100722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100723,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100725,100702],{"class":58},[52,100727,92],{"class":84},[52,100729,2931],{"class":88},[52,100731,85],{"class":84},[52,100733,100711],{"class":88},[52,100735,318],{"class":84},[52,100737,100738],{"class":88}," set3",[52,100740,329],{"class":84},[20,100742,100743,100744,100746],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3865,100745,5477],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100748,197],{},[43,100750,100752],{"className":45,"code":100751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100753,100754,100782,100798,100810,100814,100836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100755,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100757,2673],{"class":58},[52,100759,63],{"class":62},[52,100761,10612],{"class":84},[52,100763,3106],{"class":608},[52,100765,318],{"class":84},[52,100767,3111],{"class":608},[52,100769,318],{"class":84},[52,100771,609],{"class":608},[52,100773,318],{"class":84},[52,100775,2575],{"class":608},[52,100777,318],{"class":84},[52,100779,4726],{"class":608},[52,100781,9429],{"class":84},[52,100783,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100785,2701],{"class":58},[52,100787,63],{"class":62},[52,100789,10612],{"class":84},[52,100791,2172],{"class":608},[52,100793,318],{"class":84},[52,100795,609],{"class":608},[52,100797,9429],{"class":84},[52,100799,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,100801,83306],{"class":58},[52,100803,63],{"class":62},[52,100805,10612],{"class":84},[52,100807,2252],{"class":608},[52,100809,9429],{"class":84},[52,100811,100812],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,100813,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,100815,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,100817,2346],{"class":58},[52,100819,63],{"class":62},[52,100821,57010],{"class":58},[52,100823,92],{"class":84},[52,100825,2931],{"class":88},[52,100827,85],{"class":84},[52,100829,4883],{"class":88},[52,100831,318],{"class":84},[52,100833,9802],{"class":88},[52,100835,329],{"class":84},[52,100837,100838,100840,100842,100844],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,100839,81],{"class":80},[52,100841,85],{"class":84},[52,100843,2381],{"class":88},[52,100845,329],{"class":84},[20,100847,135],{},[43,100849,100851],{"className":45,"code":100850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100852,100853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100854,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100856,9398],{"class":84},[52,100858,3106],{"class":608},[52,100860,318],{"class":84},[52,100862,2575],{"class":608},[52,100864,9429],{"class":84},[20,100866,100867,100868,100870,100871,32,100873,92],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100869,289],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100872,4883],{},[15,100874,9860],{},[45039,100876],{},[38,100878,710],{"id":709},[20,100880,100881,100883,100884,92],{},[15,100882,100531],{}," always returns a ",[3865,100885,100886],{},"new set",[20,100888,43775],{},[176,100890,100891,100894,100897],{},[179,100892,100893],{},"The return value is a new set",[179,100895,100896],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[179,100898,100899],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100901,197],{},[43,100903,100905],{"className":45,"code":100904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100906,100907,100923,100943,100947,100965,100969,100979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100908,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100910,2673],{"class":58},[52,100912,63],{"class":62},[52,100914,10612],{"class":84},[52,100916,3106],{"class":608},[52,100918,318],{"class":84},[52,100920,3111],{"class":608},[52,100922,9429],{"class":84},[52,100924,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,100926,2701],{"class":58},[52,100928,63],{"class":62},[52,100930,10612],{"class":84},[52,100932,3106],{"class":608},[52,100934,318],{"class":84},[52,100936,3111],{"class":608},[52,100938,318],{"class":84},[52,100940,609],{"class":608},[52,100942,9429],{"class":84},[52,100944,100945],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,100946,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,100948,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,100950,2346],{"class":58},[52,100952,63],{"class":62},[52,100954,57010],{"class":58},[52,100956,92],{"class":84},[52,100958,2931],{"class":88},[52,100960,85],{"class":84},[52,100962,4883],{"class":88},[52,100964,329],{"class":84},[52,100966,100967],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,100968,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,100970,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,100972,81],{"class":80},[52,100974,85],{"class":84},[52,100976,2381],{"class":88},[52,100978,329],{"class":84},[52,100980,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,100982,81],{"class":80},[52,100984,85],{"class":84},[52,100986,1930],{"class":1929},[52,100988,85],{"class":84},[52,100990,2381],{"class":88},[52,100992,108],{"class":84},[20,100994,135],{},[43,100996,100997],{"className":45,"code":99405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100998,100999,101005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101000,101001,101003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101002,6410],{"class":1929},[52,101004,8763],{"class":84},[52,101006,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101008,3410],{"class":62},[52,101010,3413],{"class":2180},[52,101012,3416],{"class":66},[52,101014,6410],{"class":70},[52,101016,1888],{"class":66},[52,101018,3423],{"class":62},[20,101020,101021,101022,19089,101024,101026,101027,101029],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101023,3920],{},[15,101025,3915],{},". In Python, ",[15,101028,3915],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45039,101031],{},[38,101033,11597],{"id":11596},[20,101035,101036],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[43,101038,101040],{"className":45,"code":101039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101041,101042,101075,101108,101112,101132,101136,101146,101157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101043,101044,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101045,101046],{"class":58},"fruits_a ",[52,101048,63],{"class":62},[52,101050,10612],{"class":84},[52,101052,100],{"class":66},[52,101054,4199],{"class":70},[52,101056,100],{"class":66},[52,101058,318],{"class":84},[52,101060,67],{"class":66},[52,101062,4208],{"class":70},[52,101064,100],{"class":66},[52,101066,318],{"class":84},[52,101068,67],{"class":66},[52,101070,33347],{"class":70},[52,101072,100],{"class":66},[52,101074,9429],{"class":84},[52,101076,101077,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101078,101079],{"class":58},"fruits_b ",[52,101081,63],{"class":62},[52,101083,10612],{"class":84},[52,101085,100],{"class":66},[52,101087,4208],{"class":70},[52,101089,100],{"class":66},[52,101091,318],{"class":84},[52,101093,67],{"class":66},[52,101095,33347],{"class":70},[52,101097,100],{"class":66},[52,101099,318],{"class":84},[52,101101,67],{"class":66},[52,101103,22659],{"class":70},[52,101105,100],{"class":66},[52,101107,9429],{"class":84},[52,101109,101110],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101111,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101113,101114,101116,101118,101121,101123,101125,101127,101130],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,101115,2346],{"class":58},[52,101117,63],{"class":62},[52,101119,101120],{"class":58}," fruits_a",[52,101122,92],{"class":84},[52,101124,2931],{"class":88},[52,101126,85],{"class":84},[52,101128,101129],{"class":88},"fruits_b",[52,101131,329],{"class":84},[52,101133,101134],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,101135,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101137,101138,101140,101142,101144],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,101139,81],{"class":80},[52,101141,85],{"class":84},[52,101143,2381],{"class":88},[52,101145,329],{"class":84},[52,101147,101148,101150,101152,101155],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,101149,81],{"class":80},[52,101151,85],{"class":84},[52,101153,101154],{"class":88},"fruits_a",[52,101156,329],{"class":84},[52,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,101160,81],{"class":80},[52,101162,85],{"class":84},[52,101164,101129],{"class":88},[52,101166,329],{"class":84},[20,101168,30156],{},[43,101170,101172],{"className":45,"code":101171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101173,101174,101186,101214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101175,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101177,9398],{"class":84},[52,101179,1888],{"class":66},[52,101181,4199],{"class":70},[52,101183,1888],{"class":66},[52,101185,9429],{"class":84},[52,101187,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101189,9398],{"class":84},[52,101191,1888],{"class":66},[52,101193,4208],{"class":70},[52,101195,1888],{"class":66},[52,101197,318],{"class":84},[52,101199,3416],{"class":66},[52,101201,33347],{"class":70},[52,101203,1888],{"class":66},[52,101205,318],{"class":84},[52,101207,3416],{"class":66},[52,101209,4199],{"class":70},[52,101211,1888],{"class":66},[52,101213,9429],{"class":84},[52,101215,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101217,9398],{"class":84},[52,101219,1888],{"class":66},[52,101221,4208],{"class":70},[52,101223,1888],{"class":66},[52,101225,318],{"class":84},[52,101227,3416],{"class":66},[52,101229,33347],{"class":70},[52,101231,1888],{"class":66},[52,101233,318],{"class":84},[52,101235,3416],{"class":66},[52,101237,22659],{"class":70},[52,101239,1888],{"class":66},[52,101241,9429],{"class":84},[20,101243,11806],{},[176,101245,101246,101251,101256,101262],{},[179,101247,101248,101249],{},"Start with ",[15,101250,101154],{},[179,101252,101253,101254],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101255,101129],{},[179,101257,101258,101259,101261],{},"Only ",[15,101260,57956],{}," remains",[179,101263,101264],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101266,101267],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45039,101269],{},[38,101271,1828,101273,101275],{"id":101272},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101274,100531],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101277,101278,101279,92],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101280,100531],{},[20,101282,101283],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[43,101285,101287],{"className":45,"code":101286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101288,101289,101321,101338,101351,101368,101372,101401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101290,101291,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101292,3739],{"class":58},[52,101294,63],{"class":62},[52,101296,10612],{"class":84},[52,101298,3106],{"class":608},[52,101300,318],{"class":84},[52,101302,3111],{"class":608},[52,101304,318],{"class":84},[52,101306,609],{"class":608},[52,101308,318],{"class":84},[52,101310,2575],{"class":608},[52,101312,318],{"class":84},[52,101314,4726],{"class":608},[52,101316,318],{"class":84},[52,101318,37769],{"class":608},[52,101320,9429],{"class":84},[52,101322,101323,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101324,101325],{"class":58},"group_a ",[52,101327,63],{"class":62},[52,101329,10612],{"class":84},[52,101331,2172],{"class":608},[52,101333,318],{"class":84},[52,101335,2575],{"class":608},[52,101337,9429],{"class":84},[52,101339,101340,101343,101345,101347,101349],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101341,101342],{"class":58},"group_b ",[52,101344,63],{"class":62},[52,101346,10612],{"class":84},[52,101348,2252],{"class":608},[52,101350,9429],{"class":84},[52,101352,101353,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,101354,101355],{"class":58},"group_c ",[52,101357,63],{"class":62},[52,101359,10612],{"class":84},[52,101361,80714],{"class":608},[52,101363,318],{"class":84},[52,101365,6117],{"class":608},[52,101367,9429],{"class":84},[52,101369,101370],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,101371,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101389,101391,101394,101396,101399],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,101375,2346],{"class":58},[52,101377,63],{"class":62},[52,101379,4384],{"class":58},[52,101381,92],{"class":84},[52,101383,2931],{"class":88},[52,101385,85],{"class":84},[52,101387,101388],{"class":88},"group_a",[52,101390,318],{"class":84},[52,101392,101393],{"class":88}," group_b",[52,101395,318],{"class":84},[52,101397,101398],{"class":88}," group_c",[52,101400,329],{"class":84},[52,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,101404,81],{"class":80},[52,101406,85],{"class":84},[52,101408,2381],{"class":88},[52,101410,329],{"class":84},[20,101412,135],{},[43,101414,101416],{"className":45,"code":101415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101417,101418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101419,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101421,9398],{"class":84},[52,101423,3106],{"class":608},[52,101425,318],{"class":84},[52,101427,609],{"class":608},[52,101429,9429],{"class":84},[20,101431,101432],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45039,101434],{},[38,101436,101438,10707,101440],{"id":101437},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101439,100531],{},[15,101441,101442],{},"difference_update()",[20,101444,101445],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[412,101447,101448],{"id":2931},[15,101449,100531],{},[176,101451,101452,101455],{},[179,101453,101454],{},"Returns a new set",[179,101456,101457],{},"Does not change the original set",[43,101459,101461],{"className":45,"code":101460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101462,101463,101487,101503,101507,101525,101529,101539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101464,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101466,2673],{"class":58},[52,101468,63],{"class":62},[52,101470,10612],{"class":84},[52,101472,3106],{"class":608},[52,101474,318],{"class":84},[52,101476,3111],{"class":608},[52,101478,318],{"class":84},[52,101480,609],{"class":608},[52,101482,318],{"class":84},[52,101484,2575],{"class":608},[52,101486,9429],{"class":84},[52,101488,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101490,2701],{"class":58},[52,101492,63],{"class":62},[52,101494,10612],{"class":84},[52,101496,627],{"class":608},[52,101498,318],{"class":84},[52,101500,2575],{"class":608},[52,101502,9429],{"class":84},[52,101504,101505],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101506,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101508,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,101510,2346],{"class":58},[52,101512,63],{"class":62},[52,101514,57010],{"class":58},[52,101516,92],{"class":84},[52,101518,2931],{"class":88},[52,101520,85],{"class":84},[52,101522,4883],{"class":88},[52,101524,329],{"class":84},[52,101526,101527],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,101528,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,101532,81],{"class":80},[52,101534,85],{"class":84},[52,101536,2381],{"class":88},[52,101538,329],{"class":84},[52,101540,101541,101543,101545,101547],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,101542,81],{"class":80},[52,101544,85],{"class":84},[52,101546,289],{"class":88},[52,101548,329],{"class":84},[20,101550,135],{},[43,101552,101554],{"className":45,"code":101553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101555,101556,101568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101557,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101559,9398],{"class":84},[52,101561,3106],{"class":608},[52,101563,318],{"class":84},[52,101565,3111],{"class":608},[52,101567,9429],{"class":84},[52,101569,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101571,9398],{"class":84},[52,101573,3106],{"class":608},[52,101575,318],{"class":84},[52,101577,3111],{"class":608},[52,101579,318],{"class":84},[52,101581,609],{"class":608},[52,101583,318],{"class":84},[52,101585,2575],{"class":608},[52,101587,9429],{"class":84},[412,101589,101591],{"id":101590},"difference_update",[15,101592,101442],{},[176,101594,101595,101598],{},[179,101596,101597],{},"Changes the original set",[179,101599,96435],{},[43,101601,101603],{"className":45,"code":101602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101604,101605,101629,101645,101649,101663,101667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101606,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101608,2673],{"class":58},[52,101610,63],{"class":62},[52,101612,10612],{"class":84},[52,101614,3106],{"class":608},[52,101616,318],{"class":84},[52,101618,3111],{"class":608},[52,101620,318],{"class":84},[52,101622,609],{"class":608},[52,101624,318],{"class":84},[52,101626,2575],{"class":608},[52,101628,9429],{"class":84},[52,101630,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101632,2701],{"class":58},[52,101634,63],{"class":62},[52,101636,10612],{"class":84},[52,101638,627],{"class":608},[52,101640,318],{"class":84},[52,101642,2575],{"class":608},[52,101644,9429],{"class":84},[52,101646,101647],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101648,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101650,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,101652,289],{"class":58},[52,101654,92],{"class":84},[52,101656,101590],{"class":88},[52,101658,85],{"class":84},[52,101660,4883],{"class":88},[52,101662,329],{"class":84},[52,101664,101665],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,101666,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101668,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,101670,81],{"class":80},[52,101672,85],{"class":84},[52,101674,289],{"class":88},[52,101676,329],{"class":84},[20,101678,135],{},[43,101680,101681],{"className":45,"code":100624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101682,101683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101684,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101686,9398],{"class":84},[52,101688,3106],{"class":608},[52,101690,318],{"class":84},[52,101692,3111],{"class":608},[52,101694,9429],{"class":84},[20,101696,154,101697,101699],{},[15,101698,100531],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101701,101702,101703,33727],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101704,101442],{},[45039,101706],{},[38,101708,101710,101712,101713,101715],{"id":101709},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101711,100531],{}," vs the ",[15,101714,2137],{}," operator",[20,101717,2095,101718,101720,101721,101723],{},[15,101719,2137],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101722,100531],{}," for two sets.",[43,101725,101727],{"className":45,"code":101726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101728,101729,101753,101769,101773,101791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101730,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101732,2673],{"class":58},[52,101734,63],{"class":62},[52,101736,10612],{"class":84},[52,101738,3106],{"class":608},[52,101740,318],{"class":84},[52,101742,3111],{"class":608},[52,101744,318],{"class":84},[52,101746,609],{"class":608},[52,101748,318],{"class":84},[52,101750,2575],{"class":608},[52,101752,9429],{"class":84},[52,101754,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101756,2701],{"class":58},[52,101758,63],{"class":62},[52,101760,10612],{"class":84},[52,101762,627],{"class":608},[52,101764,318],{"class":84},[52,101766,2575],{"class":608},[52,101768,9429],{"class":84},[52,101770,101771],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101772,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101774,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,101776,81],{"class":80},[52,101778,85],{"class":84},[52,101780,289],{"class":88},[52,101782,92],{"class":84},[52,101784,2931],{"class":88},[52,101786,85],{"class":84},[52,101788,4883],{"class":88},[52,101790,108],{"class":84},[52,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,101794,81],{"class":80},[52,101796,85],{"class":84},[52,101798,2673],{"class":88},[52,101800,2137],{"class":62},[52,101802,2678],{"class":88},[52,101804,329],{"class":84},[20,101806,135],{},[43,101808,101810],{"className":45,"code":101809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101811,101812,101824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101813,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101815,9398],{"class":84},[52,101817,3106],{"class":608},[52,101819,318],{"class":84},[52,101821,3111],{"class":608},[52,101823,9429],{"class":84},[52,101825,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101827,9398],{"class":84},[52,101829,3106],{"class":608},[52,101831,318],{"class":84},[52,101833,3111],{"class":608},[52,101835,9429],{"class":84},[20,101837,101838],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101840,94705,101841,1993],{},[15,101842,100531],{},[176,101844,101845,101848,101851],{},[179,101846,101847],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[179,101849,101850],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[179,101852,101853],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101855,101856],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[43,101858,101860],{"className":45,"code":101859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101861,101862,101890,101902,101914,101918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101863,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101865,2673],{"class":58},[52,101867,63],{"class":62},[52,101869,10612],{"class":84},[52,101871,3106],{"class":608},[52,101873,318],{"class":84},[52,101875,3111],{"class":608},[52,101877,318],{"class":84},[52,101879,609],{"class":608},[52,101881,318],{"class":84},[52,101883,2575],{"class":608},[52,101885,318],{"class":84},[52,101887,4726],{"class":608},[52,101889,9429],{"class":84},[52,101891,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,101893,2701],{"class":58},[52,101895,63],{"class":62},[52,101897,10612],{"class":84},[52,101899,2172],{"class":608},[52,101901,9429],{"class":84},[52,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,101905,83306],{"class":58},[52,101907,63],{"class":62},[52,101909,10612],{"class":84},[52,101911,2623],{"class":608},[52,101913,9429],{"class":84},[52,101915,101916],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,101917,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,101919,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,101921,81],{"class":80},[52,101923,85],{"class":84},[52,101925,289],{"class":88},[52,101927,92],{"class":84},[52,101929,2931],{"class":88},[52,101931,85],{"class":84},[52,101933,4883],{"class":88},[52,101935,318],{"class":84},[52,101937,9802],{"class":88},[52,101939,108],{"class":84},[20,101941,135],{},[43,101943,101945],{"className":45,"code":101944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101946,101947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101950,9398],{"class":84},[52,101952,3106],{"class":608},[52,101954,318],{"class":84},[52,101956,609],{"class":608},[52,101958,318],{"class":84},[52,101960,4726],{"class":608},[52,101962,9429],{"class":84},[20,101964,101965,101966,101968],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101967,2137],{}," operator expression.",[45039,101970],{},[38,101972,4640],{"id":4639},[20,101974,21337,101975,92],{},[15,101976,100531],{},[412,101978,101980],{"id":101979},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101982,4749,101983,101985,101986,174],{},[3865,101984,4752],{}," change ",[15,101987,289],{},[43,101989,101991],{"className":45,"code":101990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101992,101993,102013,102025,102029,102043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101994,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101996,2673],{"class":58},[52,101998,63],{"class":62},[52,102000,10612],{"class":84},[52,102002,3106],{"class":608},[52,102004,318],{"class":84},[52,102006,3111],{"class":608},[52,102008,318],{"class":84},[52,102010,609],{"class":608},[52,102012,9429],{"class":84},[52,102014,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102016,2701],{"class":58},[52,102018,63],{"class":62},[52,102020,10612],{"class":84},[52,102022,627],{"class":608},[52,102024,9429],{"class":84},[52,102026,102027],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102028,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102030,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102032,289],{"class":58},[52,102034,92],{"class":84},[52,102036,2931],{"class":88},[52,102038,85],{"class":84},[52,102040,4883],{"class":88},[52,102042,329],{"class":84},[52,102044,102045,102047,102049,102051],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,102046,81],{"class":80},[52,102048,85],{"class":84},[52,102050,289],{"class":88},[52,102052,329],{"class":84},[20,102054,135],{},[43,102056,102057],{"className":45,"code":96724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102058,102059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102060,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102062,9398],{"class":84},[52,102064,3106],{"class":608},[52,102066,318],{"class":84},[52,102068,3111],{"class":608},[52,102070,318],{"class":84},[52,102072,609],{"class":608},[52,102074,9429],{"class":84},[20,102076,102077],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[43,102079,102081],{"className":45,"code":102080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102082,102083,102103,102115,102119,102137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102084,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102086,2673],{"class":58},[52,102088,63],{"class":62},[52,102090,10612],{"class":84},[52,102092,3106],{"class":608},[52,102094,318],{"class":84},[52,102096,3111],{"class":608},[52,102098,318],{"class":84},[52,102100,609],{"class":608},[52,102102,9429],{"class":84},[52,102104,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102106,2701],{"class":58},[52,102108,63],{"class":62},[52,102110,10612],{"class":84},[52,102112,627],{"class":608},[52,102114,9429],{"class":84},[52,102116,102117],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102118,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102122,2673],{"class":58},[52,102124,63],{"class":62},[52,102126,57010],{"class":58},[52,102128,92],{"class":84},[52,102130,2931],{"class":88},[52,102132,85],{"class":84},[52,102134,4883],{"class":88},[52,102136,329],{"class":84},[52,102138,102139,102141,102143,102145],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,102140,81],{"class":80},[52,102142,85],{"class":84},[52,102144,289],{"class":88},[52,102146,329],{"class":84},[20,102148,135],{},[43,102150,102151],{"className":45,"code":100624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102152,102153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102154,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102156,9398],{"class":84},[52,102158,3106],{"class":608},[52,102160,318],{"class":84},[52,102162,3111],{"class":608},[52,102164,9429],{"class":84},[412,102166,102168],{"id":102167},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102170,102171,102174],{},[15,102172,102173],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[176,102176,102177,102182],{},[179,102178,102179,102180],{},"keep items from ",[15,102181,289],{},[179,102183,102184,102185],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102186,4883],{},[20,102188,41032,102189,102191,102192,102194],{},[3865,102190,4752],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102193,4883],{},"”.",[20,102196,197],{},[43,102198,102200],{"className":45,"code":102199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102201,102202,102222,102242,102246,102264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102203,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102205,2673],{"class":58},[52,102207,63],{"class":62},[52,102209,10612],{"class":84},[52,102211,3106],{"class":608},[52,102213,318],{"class":84},[52,102215,3111],{"class":608},[52,102217,318],{"class":84},[52,102219,609],{"class":608},[52,102221,9429],{"class":84},[52,102223,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102225,2701],{"class":58},[52,102227,63],{"class":62},[52,102229,10612],{"class":84},[52,102231,627],{"class":608},[52,102233,318],{"class":84},[52,102235,2575],{"class":608},[52,102237,318],{"class":84},[52,102239,4726],{"class":608},[52,102241,9429],{"class":84},[52,102243,102244],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102245,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102249,81],{"class":80},[52,102251,85],{"class":84},[52,102253,289],{"class":88},[52,102255,92],{"class":84},[52,102257,2931],{"class":88},[52,102259,85],{"class":84},[52,102261,4883],{"class":88},[52,102263,108],{"class":84},[52,102265,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,102267,81],{"class":80},[52,102269,85],{"class":84},[52,102271,4883],{"class":88},[52,102273,92],{"class":84},[52,102275,2931],{"class":88},[52,102277,85],{"class":84},[52,102279,289],{"class":88},[52,102281,108],{"class":84},[20,102283,135],{},[43,102285,102287],{"className":45,"code":102286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102288,102289,102301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102290,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102292,9398],{"class":84},[52,102294,3106],{"class":608},[52,102296,318],{"class":84},[52,102298,3111],{"class":608},[52,102300,9429],{"class":84},[52,102302,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102304,9398],{"class":84},[52,102306,2623],{"class":608},[52,102308,318],{"class":84},[52,102310,4726],{"class":608},[52,102312,9429],{"class":84},[20,102314,102315],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[412,102317,102319],{"id":102318},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102321,102322,102324],{},[15,102323,100531],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102326,55441],{},[43,102328,102330],{"className":45,"code":102329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102331,102332,102352,102368,102372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102335,2673],{"class":58},[52,102337,63],{"class":62},[52,102339,3744],{"class":84},[52,102341,3106],{"class":608},[52,102343,318],{"class":84},[52,102345,3111],{"class":608},[52,102347,318],{"class":84},[52,102349,609],{"class":608},[52,102351,3757],{"class":84},[52,102353,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102355,2701],{"class":58},[52,102357,63],{"class":62},[52,102359,3744],{"class":84},[52,102361,627],{"class":608},[52,102363,318],{"class":84},[52,102365,2575],{"class":608},[52,102367,3757],{"class":84},[52,102369,102370],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102371,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102373,102374],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102375,102376],{"class":1479},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102378,102379],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[43,102381,102383],{"className":45,"code":102382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102384,102385,102405,102421,102425,102451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102386,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102388,2673],{"class":58},[52,102390,63],{"class":62},[52,102392,3744],{"class":84},[52,102394,3106],{"class":608},[52,102396,318],{"class":84},[52,102398,3111],{"class":608},[52,102400,318],{"class":84},[52,102402,609],{"class":608},[52,102404,3757],{"class":84},[52,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102408,2701],{"class":58},[52,102410,63],{"class":62},[52,102412,3744],{"class":84},[52,102414,627],{"class":608},[52,102416,318],{"class":84},[52,102418,2575],{"class":608},[52,102420,3757],{"class":84},[52,102422,102423],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102424,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102426,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102428,2346],{"class":58},[52,102430,63],{"class":62},[52,102432,15758],{"class":1929},[52,102434,85],{"class":84},[52,102436,289],{"class":88},[52,102438,8753],{"class":84},[52,102440,2931],{"class":88},[52,102442,85],{"class":84},[52,102444,6410],{"class":1929},[52,102446,85],{"class":84},[52,102448,4883],{"class":88},[52,102450,108],{"class":84},[52,102452,102453,102455,102457,102459],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,102454,81],{"class":80},[52,102456,85],{"class":84},[52,102458,2381],{"class":88},[52,102460,329],{"class":84},[20,102462,135],{},[43,102464,102465],{"className":45,"code":100624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102466,102467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102468,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102470,9398],{"class":84},[52,102472,3106],{"class":608},[52,102474,318],{"class":84},[52,102476,3111],{"class":608},[52,102478,9429],{"class":84},[412,102480,102482],{"id":102481},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102484,102485],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[43,102487,102489],{"className":45,"code":102488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102490,102491,102523,102539,102543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102492,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102494,2673],{"class":58},[52,102496,63],{"class":62},[52,102498,10612],{"class":84},[52,102500,100],{"class":66},[52,102502,37173],{"class":70},[52,102504,100],{"class":66},[52,102506,318],{"class":84},[52,102508,67],{"class":66},[52,102510,58250],{"class":70},[52,102512,100],{"class":66},[52,102514,318],{"class":84},[52,102516,67],{"class":66},[52,102518,58267],{"class":70},[52,102520,100],{"class":66},[52,102522,9429],{"class":84},[52,102524,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102526,2701],{"class":58},[52,102528,63],{"class":62},[52,102530,10612],{"class":84},[52,102532,100],{"class":66},[52,102534,58250],{"class":70},[52,102536,100],{"class":66},[52,102538,9429],{"class":84},[52,102540,102541],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102542,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102544,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102546,81],{"class":80},[52,102548,85],{"class":84},[52,102550,289],{"class":88},[52,102552,92],{"class":84},[52,102554,2931],{"class":88},[52,102556,85],{"class":84},[52,102558,4883],{"class":88},[52,102560,108],{"class":84},[20,102562,102563],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[412,102565,102567],{"id":102566},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102569,102570],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,102572,102574],{"className":45,"code":102573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102575,102576,102604,102616,102620,102630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102577,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102579,2673],{"class":58},[52,102581,63],{"class":62},[52,102583,10612],{"class":84},[52,102585,3106],{"class":608},[52,102587,318],{"class":84},[52,102589,5621],{"class":608},[52,102591,318],{"class":84},[52,102593,3111],{"class":608},[52,102595,318],{"class":84},[52,102597,3111],{"class":608},[52,102599,318],{"class":84},[52,102601,609],{"class":608},[52,102603,9429],{"class":84},[52,102605,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102607,2701],{"class":58},[52,102609,63],{"class":62},[52,102611,10612],{"class":84},[52,102613,627],{"class":608},[52,102615,9429],{"class":84},[52,102617,102618],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102619,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102621,102622,102624,102626,102628],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102623,81],{"class":80},[52,102625,85],{"class":84},[52,102627,289],{"class":88},[52,102629,329],{"class":84},[52,102631,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,102633,81],{"class":80},[52,102635,85],{"class":84},[52,102637,289],{"class":88},[52,102639,92],{"class":84},[52,102641,2931],{"class":88},[52,102643,85],{"class":84},[52,102645,4883],{"class":88},[52,102647,108],{"class":84},[20,102649,135],{},[43,102651,102653],{"className":45,"code":102652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102654,102655,102671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102656,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102658,9398],{"class":84},[52,102660,3106],{"class":608},[52,102662,318],{"class":84},[52,102664,3111],{"class":608},[52,102666,318],{"class":84},[52,102668,609],{"class":608},[52,102670,9429],{"class":84},[52,102672,102673,102675,102677,102679,102681],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102674,9398],{"class":84},[52,102676,3106],{"class":608},[52,102678,318],{"class":84},[52,102680,3111],{"class":608},[52,102682,9429],{"class":84},[20,102684,102685,102686,102688],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102687,100531],{}," runs.",[412,102690,102692],{"id":102691},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102694,102695],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[43,102697,102699],{"className":45,"code":102698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102700,102701,102725,102745,102749,102759,102769,102787,102809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102702,102703,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102704,2673],{"class":58},[52,102706,63],{"class":62},[52,102708,10612],{"class":84},[52,102710,3106],{"class":608},[52,102712,318],{"class":84},[52,102714,3111],{"class":608},[52,102716,318],{"class":84},[52,102718,609],{"class":608},[52,102720,318],{"class":84},[52,102722,2575],{"class":608},[52,102724,9429],{"class":84},[52,102726,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741,102743],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,102728,2701],{"class":58},[52,102730,63],{"class":62},[52,102732,10612],{"class":84},[52,102734,627],{"class":608},[52,102736,318],{"class":84},[52,102738,2575],{"class":608},[52,102740,318],{"class":84},[52,102742,4726],{"class":608},[52,102744,9429],{"class":84},[52,102746,102747],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,102748,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,102750,102751,102753,102755,102757],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,102752,81],{"class":80},[52,102754,85],{"class":84},[52,102756,289],{"class":88},[52,102758,329],{"class":84},[52,102760,102761,102763,102765,102767],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,102762,81],{"class":80},[52,102764,85],{"class":84},[52,102766,4883],{"class":88},[52,102768,329],{"class":84},[52,102770,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,102772,81],{"class":80},[52,102774,85],{"class":84},[52,102776,289],{"class":88},[52,102778,92],{"class":84},[52,102780,2931],{"class":88},[52,102782,85],{"class":84},[52,102784,4883],{"class":88},[52,102786,108],{"class":84},[52,102788,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,102790,81],{"class":80},[52,102792,85],{"class":84},[52,102794,1930],{"class":1929},[52,102796,85],{"class":84},[52,102798,289],{"class":88},[52,102800,92],{"class":84},[52,102802,2931],{"class":88},[52,102804,85],{"class":84},[52,102806,4883],{"class":88},[52,102808,546],{"class":84},[52,102810,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,102812,81],{"class":80},[52,102814,85],{"class":84},[52,102816,11284],{"class":80},[52,102818,85],{"class":84},[52,102820,289],{"class":88},[52,102822,92],{"class":84},[52,102824,2931],{"class":88},[52,102826,85],{"class":84},[52,102828,4883],{"class":88},[52,102830,546],{"class":84},[20,102832,11293],{},[176,102834,102835,102838,102841,102844],{},[179,102836,102837],{},"what is in each set",[179,102839,102840],{},"what result Python creates",[179,102842,102843],{},"that the result is a set",[179,102845,102846],{},"how many items remain",[45039,102848],{},[38,102850,1940],{"id":1939},[412,102852,1944,102854,102856],{"id":102853},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102855,100531],{}," change the original set?",[20,102858,102859],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[412,102861,1987,102863,342,102865,1993],{"id":102862},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102864,100531],{},[15,102866,101442],{},[20,102868,102869,102871,102872,102874],{},[15,102870,100531],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102873,101442],{}," modifies the original set.",[412,102876,28454,102878,102880],{"id":102877},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102879,100531],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102882,102883],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[412,102885,102887],{"id":102886},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102889,102890],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45039,102892],{},[38,102894,2005],{"id":2004},[176,102896,102897,102901,102909],{},[179,102898,102899],{},[289,102900,96445],{"href":97616},[179,102902,102903],{},[289,102904,96931,102906,1441],{"href":102905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102907,102908],{},"intersection()",[179,102910,102911],{},[289,102912,96931,102914,1441],{"href":102913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102915,102916],{},"union()",[2035,102918,102919],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":102921},[102922,102923,102925,102926,102927,102928,102930,102935,102937,102945,102954],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":100653,"depth":77,"text":102924},"What difference() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":101272,"depth":77,"text":102929},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101437,"depth":77,"text":102931,"children":102932},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102933,102934],{"id":2931,"depth":111,"text":100531},{"id":101590,"depth":111,"text":101442},{"id":101709,"depth":77,"text":102936},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":102938},[102939,102940,102941,102942,102943,102944],{"id":101979,"depth":111,"text":101980},{"id":102167,"depth":111,"text":102168},{"id":102318,"depth":111,"text":102319},{"id":102481,"depth":111,"text":102482},{"id":102566,"depth":111,"text":102567},{"id":102691,"depth":111,"text":102692},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":102946},[102947,102949,102951,102953],{"id":102853,"depth":111,"text":102948},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102862,"depth":111,"text":102950},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102877,"depth":111,"text":102952},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102886,"depth":111,"text":102887},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100523,"description":102955},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102962,"title":102963,"body":102964,"description":104659,"extension":2078,"meta":104660,"navigation":221,"path":104661,"seo":104662,"stem":104663,"__hash__":104664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102965,"toc":104621},[102966,102972,102978,102991,102993,103094,103096,103141,103146,103151,103155,103169,103172,103180,103182,103201,103219,103223,103276,103278,103299,103306,103311,103338,103345,103444,103446,103483,103491,103495,103501,103504,103577,103579,103587,103592,103661,103663,103688,103690,103693,103796,103798,103859,103862,103866,103872,103945,103947,103980,103983,103986,104026,104032,104055,104060,104064,104075,104078,104080,104084,104090,104092,104149,104159,104161,104214,104221,104226,104294,104302,104308,104312,104314,104353,104358,104407,104411,104414,104416,104455,104458,104460,104465,104522,104524,104538,104540,104544,104550,104555,104560,104567,104578,104584,104589,104591,104618],[10,102967,96317,102969,18],{"id":102968},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102970,102971],{},"discard()",[20,102973,102974,102977],{},[15,102975,102976],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102979,102980,102981,2305,102986,14178,102988,102990],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[289,102982,102983],{"href":98326},[15,102984,102985],{},"set.remove()",[15,102987,102971],{},[3865,102989,4752],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[38,102992,41],{"id":40},[43,102994,102996],{"className":45,"code":102995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102997,102998,103030,103049,103059,103063,103084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102999,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103001,13199],{"class":58},[52,103003,63],{"class":62},[52,103005,10612],{"class":84},[52,103007,100],{"class":66},[52,103009,13216],{"class":70},[52,103011,100],{"class":66},[52,103013,318],{"class":84},[52,103015,67],{"class":66},[52,103017,13233],{"class":70},[52,103019,100],{"class":66},[52,103021,318],{"class":84},[52,103023,67],{"class":66},[52,103025,17580],{"class":70},[52,103027,100],{"class":66},[52,103029,9429],{"class":84},[52,103031,103032,103034,103036,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103033,17627],{"class":58},[52,103035,92],{"class":84},[52,103037,103038],{"class":88},"discard",[52,103040,85],{"class":84},[52,103042,100],{"class":66},[52,103044,13233],{"class":70},[52,103046,100],{"class":66},[52,103048,329],{"class":84},[52,103050,103051,103053,103055,103057],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103052,81],{"class":80},[52,103054,85],{"class":84},[52,103056,17627],{"class":88},[52,103058,329],{"class":84},[52,103060,103061],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,103062,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103064,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,103066,17627],{"class":58},[52,103068,92],{"class":84},[52,103070,103038],{"class":88},[52,103072,85],{"class":84},[52,103074,100],{"class":66},[52,103076,22650],{"class":70},[52,103078,100],{"class":66},[52,103080,3784],{"class":84},[52,103082,103083],{"class":1479},"  # no error if missing\n",[52,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,103087,81],{"class":80},[52,103089,85],{"class":84},[52,103091,17627],{"class":88},[52,103093,329],{"class":84},[20,103095,30156],{},[43,103097,103099],{"className":45,"code":103098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103100,103101,103121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103102,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103104,9398],{"class":84},[52,103106,1888],{"class":66},[52,103108,13216],{"class":70},[52,103110,1888],{"class":66},[52,103112,318],{"class":84},[52,103114,3416],{"class":66},[52,103116,17580],{"class":70},[52,103118,1888],{"class":66},[52,103120,9429],{"class":84},[52,103122,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103124,9398],{"class":84},[52,103126,1888],{"class":66},[52,103128,13216],{"class":70},[52,103130,1888],{"class":66},[52,103132,318],{"class":84},[52,103134,3416],{"class":66},[52,103136,17580],{"class":70},[52,103138,1888],{"class":66},[52,103140,9429],{"class":84},[20,103142,154,103143,103145],{},[15,103144,102971],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[38,103147,166,103149,169],{"id":103148},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103150,102976],{},[20,103152,103153,174],{},[15,103154,102971],{},[176,103156,103157,103160,103163,103165],{},[179,103158,103159],{},"Removes one item from a set",[179,103161,103162],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[179,103164,96432],{},[179,103166,184,103167],{},[15,103168,3901],{},[20,103170,103171],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103173,96441,103174,32,103177,92],{},[289,103175,103176],{"href":98908},"what a set is in Python",[289,103178,103179],{"href":98000},"how to create a set",[38,103181,296],{"id":295},[43,103183,103185],{"className":45,"code":103184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103186,103187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103188,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103190,15791],{"class":58},[52,103192,92],{"class":84},[52,103194,103038],{"class":88},[52,103196,85],{"class":84},[52,103198,2591],{"class":88},[52,103200,329],{"class":84},[176,103202,103203,103208,103213,103216],{},[179,103204,103205,103207],{},[15,103206,15791],{}," is the set you want to change",[179,103209,103210,103212],{},[15,103211,2591],{}," is the item you want to remove",[179,103214,103215],{},"The set must already exist",[179,103217,103218],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[412,103220,103222],{"id":103221},"example","Example",[43,103224,103226],{"className":45,"code":103225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103227,103228,103252,103266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103229,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103231,3739],{"class":58},[52,103233,63],{"class":62},[52,103235,10612],{"class":84},[52,103237,3106],{"class":608},[52,103239,318],{"class":84},[52,103241,3111],{"class":608},[52,103243,318],{"class":84},[52,103245,609],{"class":608},[52,103247,318],{"class":84},[52,103249,2575],{"class":608},[52,103251,9429],{"class":84},[52,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103255,3771],{"class":58},[52,103257,92],{"class":84},[52,103259,103038],{"class":88},[52,103261,85],{"class":84},[52,103263,627],{"class":608},[52,103265,329],{"class":84},[52,103267,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103269,81],{"class":80},[52,103271,85],{"class":84},[52,103273,3771],{"class":88},[52,103275,329],{"class":84},[20,103277,135],{},[43,103279,103281],{"className":45,"code":103280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103282,103283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103284,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103286,9398],{"class":84},[52,103288,3106],{"class":608},[52,103290,318],{"class":84},[52,103292,3111],{"class":608},[52,103294,318],{"class":84},[52,103296,2575],{"class":608},[52,103298,9429],{"class":84},[38,103300,103302,103303,103305],{"id":103301},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103304,102971],{}," different",[20,103307,103308,103310],{},[15,103309,102971],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[176,103312,103313,103326,103335],{},[179,103314,103315,103316,2305,103320,103322,103323,103325],{},"Unlike ",[289,103317,103318],{"href":98326},[15,103319,55651],{},[15,103321,102971],{}," does not raise ",[15,103324,19813],{}," when the item is missing",[179,103327,103315,103328,2305,103332,103334],{},[289,103329,103330],{"href":98331},[15,103331,12885],{},[15,103333,102971],{}," removes a specific item",[179,103336,103337],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[412,103339,103341,10707,103343],{"id":103340},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103342,102971],{},[15,103344,55651],{},[43,103346,103348],{"className":45,"code":103347,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103349,103350,103374,103378,103399,103409,103413,103434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103351,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103353,7903],{"class":58},[52,103355,63],{"class":62},[52,103357,10612],{"class":84},[52,103359,100],{"class":66},[52,103361,4199],{"class":70},[52,103363,100],{"class":66},[52,103365,318],{"class":84},[52,103367,67],{"class":66},[52,103369,4208],{"class":70},[52,103371,100],{"class":66},[52,103373,9429],{"class":84},[52,103375,103376],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103377,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103379,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103381,7934],{"class":58},[52,103383,92],{"class":84},[52,103385,103038],{"class":88},[52,103387,85],{"class":84},[52,103389,100],{"class":66},[52,103391,33347],{"class":70},[52,103393,100],{"class":66},[52,103395,3784],{"class":84},[52,103397,103398],{"class":1479},"   # no error\n",[52,103400,103401,103403,103405,103407],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,103402,81],{"class":80},[52,103404,85],{"class":84},[52,103406,7934],{"class":88},[52,103408,329],{"class":84},[52,103410,103411],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,103412,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103414,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,103416,7934],{"class":58},[52,103418,92],{"class":84},[52,103420,34919],{"class":88},[52,103422,85],{"class":84},[52,103424,100],{"class":66},[52,103426,4208],{"class":70},[52,103428,100],{"class":66},[52,103430,3784],{"class":84},[52,103432,103433],{"class":1479},"    # removes existing item\n",[52,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,103437,81],{"class":80},[52,103439,85],{"class":84},[52,103441,7934],{"class":88},[52,103443,329],{"class":84},[20,103445,135],{},[43,103447,103449],{"className":45,"code":103448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103450,103451,103471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103452,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103454,9398],{"class":84},[52,103456,1888],{"class":66},[52,103458,4199],{"class":70},[52,103460,1888],{"class":66},[52,103462,318],{"class":84},[52,103464,3416],{"class":66},[52,103466,4208],{"class":70},[52,103468,1888],{"class":66},[52,103470,9429],{"class":84},[52,103472,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103474,9398],{"class":84},[52,103476,1888],{"class":66},[52,103478,4199],{"class":70},[52,103480,1888],{"class":66},[52,103482,9429],{"class":84},[20,103484,40469,103485,103487,103488,103490],{},[15,103486,55651],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[289,103489,11197],{"href":11196}," for more help with that case.",[38,103492,103494],{"id":103493},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103496,103497,2515,103499,92],{},[15,103498,102971],{},[15,103500,3901],{},[20,103502,103503],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[43,103505,103507],{"className":45,"code":103506,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103508,103509,103541,103563,103567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103510,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103512,13199],{"class":58},[52,103514,63],{"class":62},[52,103516,10612],{"class":84},[52,103518,100],{"class":66},[52,103520,13216],{"class":70},[52,103522,100],{"class":66},[52,103524,318],{"class":84},[52,103526,67],{"class":66},[52,103528,13233],{"class":70},[52,103530,100],{"class":66},[52,103532,318],{"class":84},[52,103534,67],{"class":66},[52,103536,17580],{"class":70},[52,103538,100],{"class":66},[52,103540,9429],{"class":84},[52,103542,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103544,2346],{"class":58},[52,103546,63],{"class":62},[52,103548,13247],{"class":58},[52,103550,92],{"class":84},[52,103552,103038],{"class":88},[52,103554,85],{"class":84},[52,103556,100],{"class":66},[52,103558,13233],{"class":70},[52,103560,100],{"class":66},[52,103562,329],{"class":84},[52,103564,103565],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103566,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,103570,81],{"class":80},[52,103572,85],{"class":84},[52,103574,2381],{"class":88},[52,103576,329],{"class":84},[20,103578,135],{},[43,103580,103581],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,103582,103583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103584,103585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103586,11931],{"class":145},[20,103588,103589,103590,174],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103591,17627],{},[43,103593,103595],{"className":45,"code":103594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103596,103597,103629,103647,103651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103598,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103600,13199],{"class":58},[52,103602,63],{"class":62},[52,103604,10612],{"class":84},[52,103606,100],{"class":66},[52,103608,13216],{"class":70},[52,103610,100],{"class":66},[52,103612,318],{"class":84},[52,103614,67],{"class":66},[52,103616,13233],{"class":70},[52,103618,100],{"class":66},[52,103620,318],{"class":84},[52,103622,67],{"class":66},[52,103624,17580],{"class":70},[52,103626,100],{"class":66},[52,103628,9429],{"class":84},[52,103630,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103632,17627],{"class":58},[52,103634,92],{"class":84},[52,103636,103038],{"class":88},[52,103638,85],{"class":84},[52,103640,100],{"class":66},[52,103642,13233],{"class":70},[52,103644,100],{"class":66},[52,103646,329],{"class":84},[52,103648,103649],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103650,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103652,103653,103655,103657,103659],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,103654,81],{"class":80},[52,103656,85],{"class":84},[52,103658,17627],{"class":88},[52,103660,329],{"class":84},[20,103662,135],{},[43,103664,103666],{"className":45,"code":103665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103667,103668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103669,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103671,9398],{"class":84},[52,103673,1888],{"class":66},[52,103675,13216],{"class":70},[52,103677,1888],{"class":66},[52,103679,318],{"class":84},[52,103681,3416],{"class":66},[52,103683,17580],{"class":70},[52,103685,1888],{"class":66},[52,103687,9429],{"class":84},[38,103689,11597],{"id":11596},[20,103691,103692],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[43,103694,103696],{"className":45,"code":103695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103697,103698,103730,103734,103752,103756,103774,103778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103699,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103701,36364],{"class":58},[52,103703,63],{"class":62},[52,103705,10612],{"class":84},[52,103707,100],{"class":66},[52,103709,4199],{"class":70},[52,103711,100],{"class":66},[52,103713,318],{"class":84},[52,103715,67],{"class":66},[52,103717,4208],{"class":70},[52,103719,100],{"class":66},[52,103721,318],{"class":84},[52,103723,67],{"class":66},[52,103725,33347],{"class":70},[52,103727,100],{"class":66},[52,103729,9429],{"class":84},[52,103731,103732],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103733,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103735,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103737,81],{"class":80},[52,103739,85],{"class":84},[52,103741,100],{"class":66},[52,103743,11686],{"class":70},[52,103745,100],{"class":66},[52,103747,318],{"class":84},[52,103749,52973],{"class":88},[52,103751,329],{"class":84},[52,103753,103754],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,103755,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103757,103758,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,103759,36416],{"class":58},[52,103761,92],{"class":84},[52,103763,103038],{"class":88},[52,103765,85],{"class":84},[52,103767,100],{"class":66},[52,103769,4208],{"class":70},[52,103771,100],{"class":66},[52,103773,329],{"class":84},[52,103775,103776],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,103777,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103779,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,103781,81],{"class":80},[52,103783,85],{"class":84},[52,103785,100],{"class":66},[52,103787,11726],{"class":70},[52,103789,100],{"class":66},[52,103791,318],{"class":84},[52,103793,52973],{"class":88},[52,103795,329],{"class":84},[20,103797,135],{},[43,103799,103801],{"className":45,"code":103800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103802,103803,103835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103804,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103806,11746],{"class":58},[52,103808,174],{"class":84},[52,103810,10612],{"class":84},[52,103812,1888],{"class":66},[52,103814,4208],{"class":70},[52,103816,1888],{"class":66},[52,103818,318],{"class":84},[52,103820,3416],{"class":66},[52,103822,4199],{"class":70},[52,103824,1888],{"class":66},[52,103826,318],{"class":84},[52,103828,3416],{"class":66},[52,103830,33347],{"class":70},[52,103832,1888],{"class":66},[52,103834,9429],{"class":84},[52,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103838,11799],{"class":58},[52,103840,174],{"class":84},[52,103842,10612],{"class":84},[52,103844,1888],{"class":66},[52,103846,4199],{"class":70},[52,103848,1888],{"class":66},[52,103850,318],{"class":84},[52,103852,3416],{"class":66},[52,103854,33347],{"class":70},[52,103856,1888],{"class":66},[52,103858,9429],{"class":84},[20,103860,103861],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[38,103863,103865],{"id":103864},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103867,103868,103869,103871],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103870,102971],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[43,103873,103875],{"className":45,"code":103874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103876,103877,103909,103913,103931,103935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103878,103879,103881,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103880,36364],{"class":58},[52,103882,63],{"class":62},[52,103884,10612],{"class":84},[52,103886,100],{"class":66},[52,103888,4199],{"class":70},[52,103890,100],{"class":66},[52,103892,318],{"class":84},[52,103894,67],{"class":66},[52,103896,4208],{"class":70},[52,103898,100],{"class":66},[52,103900,318],{"class":84},[52,103902,67],{"class":66},[52,103904,33347],{"class":70},[52,103906,100],{"class":66},[52,103908,9429],{"class":84},[52,103910,103911],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,103912,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103914,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,103916,36416],{"class":58},[52,103918,92],{"class":84},[52,103920,103038],{"class":88},[52,103922,85],{"class":84},[52,103924,100],{"class":66},[52,103926,22659],{"class":70},[52,103928,100],{"class":66},[52,103930,329],{"class":84},[52,103932,103933],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,103934,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,103936,103937,103939,103941,103943],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,103938,81],{"class":80},[52,103940,85],{"class":84},[52,103942,36416],{"class":88},[52,103944,329],{"class":84},[20,103946,135],{},[43,103948,103950],{"className":45,"code":103949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103951,103952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103953,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103955,9398],{"class":84},[52,103957,1888],{"class":66},[52,103959,4208],{"class":70},[52,103961,1888],{"class":66},[52,103963,318],{"class":84},[52,103965,3416],{"class":66},[52,103967,4199],{"class":70},[52,103969,1888],{"class":66},[52,103971,318],{"class":84},[52,103973,3416],{"class":66},[52,103975,33347],{"class":70},[52,103977,1888],{"class":66},[52,103979,9429],{"class":84},[20,103981,103982],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103984,103985],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[43,103987,103989],{"className":45,"code":103988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103990,103991,104007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103992,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103994,733],{"class":761},[52,103996,67],{"class":66},[52,103998,22659],{"class":70},[52,104000,100],{"class":66},[52,104002,1702],{"class":62},[52,104004,52973],{"class":58},[52,104006,804],{"class":84},[52,104008,104009,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104010,104011],{"class":58},"    fruits",[52,104013,92],{"class":84},[52,104015,34919],{"class":88},[52,104017,85],{"class":84},[52,104019,100],{"class":66},[52,104021,22659],{"class":70},[52,104023,100],{"class":66},[52,104025,329],{"class":84},[20,104027,104028,104029,104031],{},"With ",[15,104030,102971],{},", you can simply write:",[43,104033,104035],{"className":45,"code":104034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104036,104037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104038,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104040,36416],{"class":58},[52,104042,92],{"class":84},[52,104044,103038],{"class":88},[52,104046,85],{"class":84},[52,104048,100],{"class":66},[52,104050,22659],{"class":70},[52,104052,100],{"class":66},[52,104054,329],{"class":84},[38,104056,5084,104058],{"id":104057},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104059,102971],{},[20,104061,154,104062,10723],{},[15,104063,102971],{},[176,104065,104066,104069,104072],{},[179,104067,104068],{},"Missing values are normal",[179,104070,104071],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[179,104073,104074],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104076,104077],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[38,104079,1445],{"id":1444},[20,104081,1448,104082,92],{},[15,104083,102971],{},[412,104085,1725,104087,104089],{"id":104086},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104088,102971],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104091,1457],{},[43,104093,104095],{"className":45,"code":104094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104096,104097,104117,104135,104139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104098,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104100,3739],{"class":58},[52,104102,63],{"class":62},[52,104104,10612],{"class":84},[52,104106,3106],{"class":608},[52,104108,318],{"class":84},[52,104110,3111],{"class":608},[52,104112,318],{"class":84},[52,104114,609],{"class":608},[52,104116,9429],{"class":84},[52,104118,104119,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104120,3739],{"class":58},[52,104122,63],{"class":62},[52,104124,4384],{"class":58},[52,104126,92],{"class":84},[52,104128,103038],{"class":88},[52,104130,85],{"class":84},[52,104132,2172],{"class":608},[52,104134,329],{"class":84},[52,104136,104137],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104138,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,104140,104141,104143,104145,104147],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,104142,81],{"class":80},[52,104144,85],{"class":84},[52,104146,3771],{"class":88},[52,104148,329],{"class":84},[20,104150,104151,42280,104153,8723,104155,2515,104157,92],{},[15,104152,3771],{},[15,104154,3901],{},[15,104156,102971],{},[15,104158,3901],{},[20,104160,18966],{},[43,104162,104164],{"className":45,"code":104163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104165,104166,104186,104200,104204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104167,104168,104170,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104169,3739],{"class":58},[52,104171,63],{"class":62},[52,104173,10612],{"class":84},[52,104175,3106],{"class":608},[52,104177,318],{"class":84},[52,104179,3111],{"class":608},[52,104181,318],{"class":84},[52,104183,609],{"class":608},[52,104185,9429],{"class":84},[52,104187,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104189,3771],{"class":58},[52,104191,92],{"class":84},[52,104193,103038],{"class":88},[52,104195,85],{"class":84},[52,104197,2172],{"class":608},[52,104199,329],{"class":84},[52,104201,104202],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104203,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,104207,81],{"class":80},[52,104209,85],{"class":84},[52,104211,3771],{"class":88},[52,104213,329],{"class":84},[412,104215,1632,104217,1635,104219],{"id":104216},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104218,102971],{},[15,104220,55651],{},[20,104222,104223,104224,92],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104225,102971],{},[43,104227,104229],{"className":45,"code":104228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104230,104231,104263,104284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104232,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104234,36215],{"class":58},[52,104236,63],{"class":62},[52,104238,10612],{"class":84},[52,104240,100],{"class":66},[52,104242,289],{"class":70},[52,104244,100],{"class":66},[52,104246,318],{"class":84},[52,104248,67],{"class":66},[52,104250,4883],{"class":70},[52,104252,100],{"class":66},[52,104254,318],{"class":84},[52,104256,67],{"class":66},[52,104258,9860],{"class":70},[52,104260,100],{"class":66},[52,104262,9429],{"class":84},[52,104264,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279,104281],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104266,36268],{"class":58},[52,104268,92],{"class":84},[52,104270,103038],{"class":88},[52,104272,85],{"class":84},[52,104274,100],{"class":66},[52,104276,22203],{"class":70},[52,104278,100],{"class":66},[52,104280,3784],{"class":84},[52,104282,104283],{"class":1479},"   # safe\n",[52,104285,104286,104288,104290,104292],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104287,81],{"class":80},[52,104289,85],{"class":84},[52,104291,36268],{"class":88},[52,104293,329],{"class":84},[20,104295,104296,104297,46031,104300,92],{},"If you use ",[15,104298,104299],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104301,19813],{},[412,104303,25742,104305,104307],{"id":104304},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104306,102971],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104309,104310,102324],{},[15,104311,102971],{},[20,104313,16769],{},[43,104315,104317],{"className":45,"code":104316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104318,104319,104339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104320,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104322,7903],{"class":58},[52,104324,63],{"class":62},[52,104326,3744],{"class":84},[52,104328,3106],{"class":608},[52,104330,318],{"class":84},[52,104332,3111],{"class":608},[52,104334,318],{"class":84},[52,104336,609],{"class":608},[52,104338,3757],{"class":84},[52,104340,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104342,7934],{"class":58},[52,104344,92],{"class":84},[52,104346,103038],{"class":88},[52,104348,85],{"class":84},[52,104350,2172],{"class":608},[52,104352,329],{"class":84},[20,104354,104355,104356,174],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104357,102971],{},[43,104359,104361],{"className":45,"code":104360,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104362,104363,104383,104397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104364,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104366,7903],{"class":58},[52,104368,63],{"class":62},[52,104370,10612],{"class":84},[52,104372,3106],{"class":608},[52,104374,318],{"class":84},[52,104376,3111],{"class":608},[52,104378,318],{"class":84},[52,104380,609],{"class":608},[52,104382,9429],{"class":84},[52,104384,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104386,7934],{"class":58},[52,104388,92],{"class":84},[52,104390,103038],{"class":88},[52,104392,85],{"class":84},[52,104394,2172],{"class":608},[52,104396,329],{"class":84},[52,104398,104399,104401,104403,104405],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104400,81],{"class":80},[52,104402,85],{"class":84},[52,104404,7934],{"class":88},[52,104406,329],{"class":84},[412,104408,104410],{"id":104409},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104412,104413],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104415,2955],{},[43,104417,104419],{"className":45,"code":104418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104420,104421,104441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104422,104423,104425,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104424,9286],{"class":58},[52,104426,63],{"class":62},[52,104428,10612],{"class":84},[52,104430,3106],{"class":608},[52,104432,318],{"class":84},[52,104434,3111],{"class":608},[52,104436,318],{"class":84},[52,104438,609],{"class":608},[52,104440,9429],{"class":84},[52,104442,104443,104445,104447,104449,104451,104453],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104444,9325],{"class":58},[52,104446,92],{"class":84},[52,104448,103038],{"class":88},[52,104450,3103],{"class":84},[52,104452,2172],{"class":608},[52,104454,4009],{"class":84},[20,104456,104457],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[38,104459,8992],{"id":8991},[20,104461,8995,104462,104464],{},[15,104463,102971],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,104466,104468],{"className":45,"code":104467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104469,104470,104480,104494,104508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104471,104472,104474,104476,104478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104473,81],{"class":80},[52,104475,85],{"class":84},[52,104477,15791],{"class":88},[52,104479,329],{"class":84},[52,104481,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490,104492],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104483,81],{"class":80},[52,104485,85],{"class":84},[52,104487,1930],{"class":1929},[52,104489,85],{"class":84},[52,104491,15791],{"class":88},[52,104493,108],{"class":84},[52,104495,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104497,81],{"class":80},[52,104499,85],{"class":84},[52,104501,2565],{"class":88},[52,104503,1638],{"class":761},[52,104505,97041],{"class":88},[52,104507,329],{"class":84},[52,104509,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,104511,32278],{"class":80},[52,104513,85],{"class":84},[52,104515,6410],{"class":1929},[52,104517,92],{"class":84},[52,104519,103038],{"class":1803},[52,104521,329],{"class":84},[20,104523,11293],{},[176,104525,104526,104529,104532,104535],{},[179,104527,104528],{},"What is currently in the set",[179,104530,104531],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[179,104533,104534],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[179,104536,104537],{},"How Python documents the method",[38,104539,1940],{"id":1939},[412,104541,104543],{"id":104542},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104545,104546,104547,104549],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104548,102971],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[412,104551,5266,104553,12838],{"id":104552},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104554,102976],{},[20,104556,5272,104557,104559],{},[15,104558,3901],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[412,104561,1987,104563,342,104565,1993],{"id":104562},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104564,102971],{},[15,104566,55651],{},[20,104568,104569,104570,26664,104572,104574,104575,104577],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104571,55651],{},[15,104573,19813],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104576,102971],{}," does not.",[412,104579,28454,104581,104583],{"id":104580},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104582,102971],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104585,46488,104586,104588],{},[15,104587,102971],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[38,104590,2005],{"id":2004},[176,104592,104593,104599,104605,104610,104614],{},[179,104594,104595],{},[289,104596,96931,104597,1441],{"href":98326},[15,104598,55651],{},[179,104600,104601],{},[289,104602,96931,104603,1441],{"href":98331},[15,104604,12885],{},[179,104606,104607],{},[289,104608,104609],{"href":98000},"Python set: creating a set",[179,104611,104612],{},[289,104613,100466],{"href":98908},[179,104615,104616],{},[289,104617,11385],{"href":11196},[2035,104619,104620],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":104622},[104623,104624,104626,104629,104634,104635,104636,104637,104639,104648,104649,104658],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":103148,"depth":77,"text":104625},"What set.discard() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":104627},[104628],{"id":103221,"depth":111,"text":103222},{"id":103301,"depth":77,"text":104630,"children":104631},"What makes discard() different",[104632],{"id":103340,"depth":111,"text":104633},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103493,"depth":77,"text":103494},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":103864,"depth":77,"text":103865},{"id":104057,"depth":77,"text":104638},"When to use discard()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":104640},[104641,104643,104645,104647],{"id":104086,"depth":111,"text":104642},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104216,"depth":111,"text":104644},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104304,"depth":111,"text":104646},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104409,"depth":111,"text":104410},{"id":8991,"depth":77,"text":8992},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":104650},[104651,104652,104654,104656],{"id":104542,"depth":111,"text":104543},{"id":104552,"depth":111,"text":104653},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104562,"depth":111,"text":104655},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104580,"depth":111,"text":104657},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102963,"description":104659},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104666,"title":104667,"body":104668,"description":106674,"extension":2078,"meta":106675,"navigation":221,"path":106676,"seo":106677,"stem":106678,"__hash__":106679},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104669,"toc":106632},[104670,104673,104681,104686,104697,104699,104754,104758,104778,104783,104787,104792,104794,104808,104810,104885,104887,104920,104925,104930,104932,104934,104949,104952,104960,104965,104980,104982,105071,105073,105162,105168,105172,105174,105212,105214,105238,105241,105256,105258,105313,105315,105348,105350,105355,105359,105363,105368,105433,105435,105455,105461,105465,105522,105524,105545,105549,105554,105599,105601,105634,105637,105641,105674,105676,105705,105709,105713,105716,105718,105737,105739,105785,105790,105804,105806,105837,105842,105845,105889,105891,105919,105923,105927,105943,105946,106011,106013,106025,106028,106032,106035,106040,106068,106070,106088,106094,106133,106135,106153,106159,106188,106190,106208,106211,106228,106230,106235,106239,106242,106268,106275,106280,106295,106304,106308,106311,106342,106348,106351,106360,106363,106365,106367,106425,106428,106453,106455,106459,106462,106466,106474,106478,106481,106485,106488,106490,106513,106515,106556,106563,106571,106574,106605,106607,106629],[10,104671,104667],{"id":104672},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104674,9243,104675,104677,104678,92],{},[15,104676,3920],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3865,104679,104680],{},"unique values only",[20,104682,35531,104683,104685],{},[15,104684,3920],{}," to:",[176,104687,104688,104691,104694],{},[179,104689,104690],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[179,104692,104693],{},"check whether a value exists",[179,104695,104696],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[38,104698,41],{"id":40},[43,104700,104702],{"className":45,"code":104701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104703,104704,104728,104743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104705,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104707,3739],{"class":58},[52,104709,63],{"class":62},[52,104711,3744],{"class":84},[52,104713,3106],{"class":608},[52,104715,318],{"class":84},[52,104717,3111],{"class":608},[52,104719,318],{"class":84},[52,104721,3111],{"class":608},[52,104723,318],{"class":84},[52,104725,609],{"class":608},[52,104727,3757],{"class":84},[52,104729,104730,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104731,104732],{"class":58},"unique_numbers ",[52,104734,63],{"class":62},[52,104736,15758],{"class":1929},[52,104738,85],{"class":84},[52,104740,3771],{"class":88},[52,104742,329],{"class":84},[52,104744,104745,104747,104749,104752],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104746,81],{"class":80},[52,104748,85],{"class":84},[52,104750,104751],{"class":88},"unique_numbers",[52,104753,329],{"class":84},[20,104755,104756],{},[3865,104757,135],{},[43,104759,104760],{"className":45,"code":96724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104761,104762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104763,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104765,9398],{"class":84},[52,104767,3106],{"class":608},[52,104769,318],{"class":84},[52,104771,3111],{"class":608},[52,104773,318],{"class":84},[52,104775,609],{"class":608},[52,104777,9429],{"class":84},[20,104779,154,104780,104782],{},[15,104781,3920],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[38,104784,104786],{"id":104785},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104788,104789,104791],{},[15,104790,3920],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104793,30666],{},[176,104795,104796,104799,104802,104805],{},[179,104797,104798],{},"A set stores unique items only",[179,104800,104801],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[179,104803,104804],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[179,104806,104807],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104809,197],{},[43,104811,104813],{"className":45,"code":104812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104814,104815,104855,104870,104874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104816,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104818,13199],{"class":58},[52,104820,63],{"class":62},[52,104822,3744],{"class":84},[52,104824,100],{"class":66},[52,104826,13216],{"class":70},[52,104828,100],{"class":66},[52,104830,318],{"class":84},[52,104832,67],{"class":66},[52,104834,13233],{"class":70},[52,104836,100],{"class":66},[52,104838,318],{"class":84},[52,104840,67],{"class":66},[52,104842,13216],{"class":70},[52,104844,100],{"class":66},[52,104846,318],{"class":84},[52,104848,67],{"class":66},[52,104850,17580],{"class":70},[52,104852,100],{"class":66},[52,104854,3757],{"class":84},[52,104856,104857,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,104858,104859],{"class":58},"unique_colors ",[52,104861,63],{"class":62},[52,104863,15758],{"class":1929},[52,104865,85],{"class":84},[52,104867,17627],{"class":88},[52,104869,329],{"class":84},[52,104871,104872],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,104873,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,104875,104876,104878,104880,104883],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,104877,81],{"class":80},[52,104879,85],{"class":84},[52,104881,104882],{"class":88},"unique_colors",[52,104884,329],{"class":84},[20,104886,30156],{},[43,104888,104890],{"className":45,"code":104889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104891,104892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104893,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104895,9398],{"class":84},[52,104897,1888],{"class":66},[52,104899,13233],{"class":70},[52,104901,1888],{"class":66},[52,104903,318],{"class":84},[52,104905,3416],{"class":66},[52,104907,17580],{"class":70},[52,104909,1888],{"class":66},[52,104911,318],{"class":84},[52,104913,3416],{"class":66},[52,104915,13216],{"class":70},[52,104917,1888],{"class":66},[52,104919,9429],{"class":84},[20,104921,2403,104922,104924],{},[15,104923,65513],{}," appears only once.",[20,104926,104927,104928,92],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[289,104929,96445],{"href":96444},[38,104931,296],{"id":295},[20,104933,2275],{},[43,104935,104937],{"className":45,"code":104936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104938,104939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104942,6410],{"class":1929},[52,104944,85],{"class":84},[52,104946,3842],{"class":88},[52,104948,329],{"class":84},[20,104950,104951],{},"The argument is optional.",[176,104953,104954,104957],{},[179,104955,104956],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[179,104958,104959],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104961,104962,104963,174],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104964,3920],{},[176,104966,104967,104969,104971,104973,104977],{},[179,104968,8217],{},[179,104970,49077],{},[179,104972,306],{},[179,104974,104975],{},[15,104976,36323],{},[179,104978,104979],{},"another set",[20,104981,2241],{},[43,104983,104985],{"className":45,"code":104984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104986,104987,105013,105035,105053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104988,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104990,81],{"class":80},[52,104992,85],{"class":84},[52,104994,6410],{"class":1929},[52,104996,3103],{"class":84},[52,104998,3106],{"class":608},[52,105000,318],{"class":84},[52,105002,3111],{"class":608},[52,105004,318],{"class":84},[52,105006,3111],{"class":608},[52,105008,318],{"class":84},[52,105010,609],{"class":608},[52,105012,3118],{"class":84},[52,105014,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105016,81],{"class":80},[52,105018,85],{"class":84},[52,105020,6410],{"class":1929},[52,105022,519],{"class":84},[52,105024,2448],{"class":608},[52,105026,318],{"class":84},[52,105028,7914],{"class":608},[52,105030,318],{"class":84},[52,105032,688],{"class":608},[52,105034,546],{"class":84},[52,105036,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105038,81],{"class":80},[52,105040,85],{"class":84},[52,105042,6410],{"class":1929},[52,105044,85],{"class":84},[52,105046,100],{"class":66},[52,105048,266],{"class":70},[52,105050,100],{"class":66},[52,105052,108],{"class":84},[52,105054,105055,105057,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105056,81],{"class":80},[52,105058,85],{"class":84},[52,105060,6410],{"class":1929},[52,105062,85],{"class":84},[52,105064,60122],{"class":80},[52,105066,85],{"class":84},[52,105068,2623],{"class":608},[52,105070,546],{"class":84},[20,105072,30156],{},[43,105074,105076],{"className":45,"code":105075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105077,105078,105094,105106,105142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105079,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105081,9398],{"class":84},[52,105083,3106],{"class":608},[52,105085,318],{"class":84},[52,105087,3111],{"class":608},[52,105089,318],{"class":84},[52,105091,609],{"class":608},[52,105093,9429],{"class":84},[52,105095,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105097,9398],{"class":84},[52,105099,2448],{"class":608},[52,105101,318],{"class":84},[52,105103,7914],{"class":608},[52,105105,9429],{"class":84},[52,105107,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105109,9398],{"class":84},[52,105111,1888],{"class":66},[52,105113,60561],{"class":70},[52,105115,1888],{"class":66},[52,105117,318],{"class":84},[52,105119,3416],{"class":66},[52,105121,60570],{"class":70},[52,105123,1888],{"class":66},[52,105125,318],{"class":84},[52,105127,3416],{"class":66},[52,105129,60579],{"class":70},[52,105131,1888],{"class":66},[52,105133,318],{"class":84},[52,105135,3416],{"class":66},[52,105137,60596],{"class":70},[52,105139,1888],{"class":66},[52,105141,9429],{"class":84},[52,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105145,9398],{"class":84},[52,105147,2235],{"class":608},[52,105149,318],{"class":84},[52,105151,5621],{"class":608},[52,105153,318],{"class":84},[52,105155,3111],{"class":608},[52,105157,318],{"class":84},[52,105159,609],{"class":608},[52,105161,9429],{"class":84},[20,105163,105164,105165,92],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[289,105166,105167],{"href":64969},"Python list() function explained",[38,105169,105171],{"id":105170},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105173,98397],{},[43,105175,105176],{"className":45,"code":99362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105177,105178,105188,105198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105179,105180,105182,105184,105186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105181,98407],{"class":58},[52,105183,63],{"class":62},[52,105185,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105187,8763],{"class":84},[52,105189,105190,105192,105194,105196],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105191,81],{"class":80},[52,105193,85],{"class":84},[52,105195,98426],{"class":88},[52,105197,329],{"class":84},[52,105199,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105201,81],{"class":80},[52,105203,85],{"class":84},[52,105205,1930],{"class":1929},[52,105207,85],{"class":84},[52,105209,98426],{"class":88},[52,105211,108],{"class":84},[20,105213,135],{},[43,105215,105216],{"className":45,"code":99405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105217,105218,105224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105219,105220,105222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105221,6410],{"class":1929},[52,105223,8763],{"class":84},[52,105225,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105227,3410],{"class":62},[52,105229,3413],{"class":2180},[52,105231,3416],{"class":66},[52,105233,6410],{"class":70},[52,105235,1888],{"class":66},[52,105237,3423],{"class":62},[20,105239,105240],{},"This is important because:",[176,105242,105243,105248],{},[179,105244,105245,105247],{},[15,105246,3920],{}," creates an empty set",[179,105249,105250,105252,105253,105255],{},[15,105251,3915],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3865,105254,4752],{}," a set",[20,105257,197],{},[43,105259,105261],{"className":45,"code":105260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105262,105263,105273,105281,105285,105299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105264,105265,105267,105269,105271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105266,2673],{"class":58},[52,105268,63],{"class":62},[52,105270,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105272,8763],{"class":84},[52,105274,105275,105277,105279],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105276,2701],{"class":58},[52,105278,63],{"class":62},[52,105280,9959],{"class":84},[52,105282,105283],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105284,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,105286,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105288,81],{"class":80},[52,105290,85],{"class":84},[52,105292,1930],{"class":1929},[52,105294,85],{"class":84},[52,105296,289],{"class":88},[52,105298,108],{"class":84},[52,105300,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,105302,81],{"class":80},[52,105304,85],{"class":84},[52,105306,1930],{"class":1929},[52,105308,85],{"class":84},[52,105310,4883],{"class":88},[52,105312,108],{"class":84},[20,105314,135],{},[43,105316,105318],{"className":45,"code":105317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105319,105320,105334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105321,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105323,3410],{"class":62},[52,105325,3413],{"class":2180},[52,105327,3416],{"class":66},[52,105329,6410],{"class":70},[52,105331,1888],{"class":66},[52,105333,3423],{"class":62},[52,105335,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105337,3410],{"class":62},[52,105339,3413],{"class":2180},[52,105341,3416],{"class":66},[52,105343,8941],{"class":70},[52,105345,1888],{"class":66},[52,105347,3423],{"class":62},[20,105349,14173],{},[20,105351,105352,105353,92],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[289,105354,104609],{"href":96448},[38,105356,105358],{"id":105357},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[412,105360,105362],{"id":105361},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105364,105365,105366,92],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105367,3920],{},[43,105369,105371],{"className":45,"code":105370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105372,105373,105405,105419,105423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105374,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105376,3739],{"class":58},[52,105378,63],{"class":62},[52,105380,3744],{"class":84},[52,105382,3106],{"class":608},[52,105384,318],{"class":84},[52,105386,3111],{"class":608},[52,105388,318],{"class":84},[52,105390,3111],{"class":608},[52,105392,318],{"class":84},[52,105394,609],{"class":608},[52,105396,318],{"class":84},[52,105398,609],{"class":608},[52,105400,318],{"class":84},[52,105402,609],{"class":608},[52,105404,3757],{"class":84},[52,105406,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105408,2346],{"class":58},[52,105410,63],{"class":62},[52,105412,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105414,85],{"class":84},[52,105416,3771],{"class":88},[52,105418,329],{"class":84},[52,105420,105421],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105422,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,105424,105425,105427,105429,105431],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105426,81],{"class":80},[52,105428,85],{"class":84},[52,105430,2381],{"class":88},[52,105432,329],{"class":84},[20,105434,135],{},[43,105436,105437],{"className":45,"code":96724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105438,105439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105442,9398],{"class":84},[52,105444,3106],{"class":608},[52,105446,318],{"class":84},[52,105448,3111],{"class":608},[52,105450,318],{"class":84},[52,105452,609],{"class":608},[52,105454,9429],{"class":84},[20,105456,105457,105458,92],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[289,105459,99195],{"href":105460},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[412,105462,105464],{"id":105463},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[43,105466,105468],{"className":45,"code":105467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105469,105470,105494,105508,105512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105471,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105473,3946],{"class":58},[52,105475,63],{"class":62},[52,105477,1370],{"class":84},[52,105479,2252],{"class":608},[52,105481,318],{"class":84},[52,105483,4726],{"class":608},[52,105485,318],{"class":84},[52,105487,688],{"class":608},[52,105489,318],{"class":84},[52,105491,38062],{"class":608},[52,105493,329],{"class":84},[52,105495,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105497,2346],{"class":58},[52,105499,63],{"class":62},[52,105501,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105503,85],{"class":84},[52,105505,5482],{"class":88},[52,105507,329],{"class":84},[52,105509,105510],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105511,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,105513,105514,105516,105518,105520],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105515,81],{"class":80},[52,105517,85],{"class":84},[52,105519,2381],{"class":88},[52,105521,329],{"class":84},[20,105523,135],{},[43,105525,105527],{"className":45,"code":105526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105528,105529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105530,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105532,9398],{"class":84},[52,105534,2252],{"class":608},[52,105536,318],{"class":84},[52,105538,688],{"class":608},[52,105540,318],{"class":84},[52,105542,38062],{"class":608},[52,105544,9429],{"class":84},[412,105546,105548],{"id":105547},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105550,51250,105551,105553],{},[15,105552,3920],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[43,105555,105557],{"className":45,"code":105556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105558,105559,105571,105585,105589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105560,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105562,207],{"class":58},[52,105564,63],{"class":62},[52,105566,67],{"class":66},[52,105568,4208],{"class":70},[52,105570,74],{"class":66},[52,105572,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105574,2346],{"class":58},[52,105576,63],{"class":62},[52,105578,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105580,85],{"class":84},[52,105582,231],{"class":88},[52,105584,329],{"class":84},[52,105586,105587],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105588,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,105590,105591,105593,105595,105597],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105592,81],{"class":80},[52,105594,85],{"class":84},[52,105596,2381],{"class":88},[52,105598,329],{"class":84},[20,105600,30156],{},[43,105602,105604],{"className":45,"code":105603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105605,105606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105607,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105609,9398],{"class":84},[52,105611,1888],{"class":66},[52,105613,4883],{"class":70},[52,105615,1888],{"class":66},[52,105617,318],{"class":84},[52,105619,3416],{"class":66},[52,105621,289],{"class":70},[52,105623,1888],{"class":66},[52,105625,318],{"class":84},[52,105627,3416],{"class":66},[52,105629,76150],{"class":70},[52,105631,1888],{"class":66},[52,105633,9429],{"class":84},[20,105635,105636],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[412,105638,105640],{"id":105639},"from-range","From range()",[43,105642,105644],{"className":45,"code":105643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105645,105646,105664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105647,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105649,2346],{"class":58},[52,105651,63],{"class":62},[52,105653,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105655,85],{"class":84},[52,105657,60122],{"class":80},[52,105659,85],{"class":84},[52,105661,2252],{"class":608},[52,105663,108],{"class":84},[52,105665,105666,105668,105670,105672],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105667,81],{"class":80},[52,105669,85],{"class":84},[52,105671,2381],{"class":88},[52,105673,329],{"class":84},[20,105675,135],{},[43,105677,105679],{"className":45,"code":105678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105680,105681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105682,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105684,9398],{"class":84},[52,105686,2235],{"class":608},[52,105688,318],{"class":84},[52,105690,5621],{"class":608},[52,105692,318],{"class":84},[52,105694,3111],{"class":608},[52,105696,318],{"class":84},[52,105698,609],{"class":608},[52,105700,318],{"class":84},[52,105702,2575],{"class":608},[52,105704,9429],{"class":84},[38,105706,105708],{"id":105707},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105710,99642,105711,92],{},[3865,105712,96488],{},[20,105714,105715],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105717,99648],{},[176,105719,105720,105724,105728,105732],{},[179,105721,105722],{},[15,105723,2304],{},[179,105725,105726],{},[15,105727,3563],{},[179,105729,105730],{},[15,105731,2308],{},[179,105733,105734,105736],{},[15,105735,49077],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105738,197],{},[43,105740,105742],{"className":45,"code":105741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105743,105744,105775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105745,105746,105748,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105768,105770,105772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105747,7903],{"class":58},[52,105749,63],{"class":62},[52,105751,10612],{"class":84},[52,105753,3106],{"class":608},[52,105755,318],{"class":84},[52,105757,67],{"class":66},[52,105759,266],{"class":70},[52,105761,100],{"class":66},[52,105763,318],{"class":84},[52,105765,1370],{"class":84},[52,105767,2448],{"class":608},[52,105769,318],{"class":84},[52,105771,7914],{"class":608},[52,105773,105774],{"class":84},")}\n",[52,105776,105777,105779,105781,105783],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105778,81],{"class":80},[52,105780,85],{"class":84},[52,105782,7934],{"class":88},[52,105784,329],{"class":84},[20,105786,99710,105787,105789],{},[3865,105788,4752],{}," work inside a set:",[176,105791,105792,105796,105800],{},[179,105793,105794],{},[15,105795,8217],{},[179,105797,105798],{},[15,105799,8941],{},[179,105801,105802],{},[15,105803,6410],{},[20,105805,97213],{},[43,105807,105809],{"className":45,"code":105808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105810,105811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105812,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105814,99729],{"class":58},[52,105816,63],{"class":62},[52,105818,99734],{"class":84},[52,105820,3106],{"class":608},[52,105822,318],{"class":84},[52,105824,3111],{"class":608},[52,105826,18187],{"class":84},[52,105828,3744],{"class":84},[52,105830,627],{"class":608},[52,105832,318],{"class":84},[52,105834,2575],{"class":608},[52,105836,13830],{"class":84},[20,105838,76978,105839,105841],{},[15,105840,3124],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105843,105844],{},"A safer example:",[43,105846,105848],{"className":45,"code":105847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105849,105850,105878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105851,105852,105855,105857,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105853,105854],{"class":58},"good_set ",[52,105856,63],{"class":62},[52,105858,105859],{"class":84}," {(",[52,105861,3106],{"class":608},[52,105863,318],{"class":84},[52,105865,3111],{"class":608},[52,105867,9354],{"class":84},[52,105869,1370],{"class":84},[52,105871,627],{"class":608},[52,105873,318],{"class":84},[52,105875,2575],{"class":608},[52,105877,105774],{"class":84},[52,105879,105880,105882,105884,105887],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105881,81],{"class":80},[52,105883,85],{"class":84},[52,105885,105886],{"class":88},"good_set",[52,105888,329],{"class":84},[20,105890,135],{},[43,105892,105894],{"className":45,"code":105893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105895,105896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105897,105898,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105899,105900],{"class":84},"{(",[52,105902,3106],{"class":608},[52,105904,318],{"class":84},[52,105906,3111],{"class":608},[52,105908,9354],{"class":84},[52,105910,1370],{"class":84},[52,105912,627],{"class":608},[52,105914,318],{"class":84},[52,105916,2575],{"class":608},[52,105918,105774],{"class":84},[38,105920,105922],{"id":105921},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105924,154,105925,10723],{},[15,105926,3920],{},[176,105928,105929,105932,105937,105940],{},[179,105930,105931],{},"you need unique values only",[179,105933,105934,105935],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105936,1638],{},[179,105938,105939],{},"order does not matter",[179,105941,105942],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105944,105945],{},"Example of membership checking:",[43,105947,105949],{"className":45,"code":105948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105950,105951,105976,105980,105996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105952,105953,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105969,105971,105974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105954,105955],{"class":58},"allowed_ids ",[52,105957,63],{"class":62},[52,105959,15758],{"class":1929},[52,105961,3103],{"class":84},[52,105963,46715],{"class":608},[52,105965,318],{"class":84},[52,105967,105968],{"class":608}," 102",[52,105970,318],{"class":84},[52,105972,105973],{"class":608}," 103",[52,105975,4009],{"class":84},[52,105977,105978],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,105979,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,105981,105982,105984,105986,105989,105991,105994],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,105983,81],{"class":80},[52,105985,85],{"class":84},[52,105987,105988],{"class":608},"102",[52,105990,1702],{"class":761},[52,105992,105993],{"class":88}," allowed_ids",[52,105995,329],{"class":84},[52,105997,105998,106000,106002,106005,106007,106009],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,105999,81],{"class":80},[52,106001,85],{"class":84},[52,106003,106004],{"class":608},"999",[52,106006,1702],{"class":761},[52,106008,105993],{"class":88},[52,106010,329],{"class":84},[20,106012,135],{},[43,106014,106015],{"className":45,"code":138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106016,106017,106021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106018,106019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106020,146],{"class":145},[52,106022,106023],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106024,151],{"class":145},[20,106026,106027],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[38,106029,106031],{"id":106030},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106033,106034],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[412,106036,154,106038,98339],{"id":106037},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106039,3920],{},[43,106041,106042],{"className":45,"code":98400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106043,106044,106054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106045,106046,106048,106050,106052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106047,98407],{"class":58},[52,106049,63],{"class":62},[52,106051,15758],{"class":1929},[52,106053,8763],{"class":84},[52,106055,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106057,81],{"class":80},[52,106059,85],{"class":84},[52,106061,1930],{"class":1929},[52,106063,85],{"class":84},[52,106065,98426],{"class":88},[52,106067,108],{"class":84},[20,106069,135],{},[43,106071,106072],{"className":45,"code":8972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106073,106074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106075,106076,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106077,3410],{"class":62},[52,106079,3413],{"class":2180},[52,106081,3416],{"class":66},[52,106083,6410],{"class":70},[52,106085,1888],{"class":66},[52,106087,3423],{"class":62},[412,106089,154,106091,106093],{"id":106090},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106092,100399],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[43,106095,106097],{"className":45,"code":106096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106098,106099,106119],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106100,106101,106103,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106102,3739],{"class":58},[52,106104,63],{"class":62},[52,106106,10612],{"class":84},[52,106108,3106],{"class":608},[52,106110,318],{"class":84},[52,106112,3111],{"class":608},[52,106114,318],{"class":84},[52,106116,609],{"class":608},[52,106118,9429],{"class":84},[52,106120,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106122,81],{"class":80},[52,106124,85],{"class":84},[52,106126,1930],{"class":1929},[52,106128,85],{"class":84},[52,106130,3771],{"class":88},[52,106132,108],{"class":84},[20,106134,135],{},[43,106136,106137],{"className":45,"code":8972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106138,106139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106140,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106142,3410],{"class":62},[52,106144,3413],{"class":2180},[52,106146,3416],{"class":66},[52,106148,6410],{"class":70},[52,106150,1888],{"class":66},[52,106152,3423],{"class":62},[412,106154,154,106156,106158],{"id":106155},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106157,3915],{}," for an empty dictionary",[43,106160,106162],{"className":45,"code":106161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106163,106164,106173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106165,106166,106169,106171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106167,106168],{"class":58},"empty_dict ",[52,106170,63],{"class":62},[52,106172,9959],{"class":84},[52,106174,106175,106177,106179,106181,106183,106186],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106176,81],{"class":80},[52,106178,85],{"class":84},[52,106180,1930],{"class":1929},[52,106182,85],{"class":84},[52,106184,106185],{"class":88},"empty_dict",[52,106187,108],{"class":84},[20,106189,135],{},[43,106191,106192],{"className":45,"code":8928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106193,106194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106195,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106197,3410],{"class":62},[52,106199,3413],{"class":2180},[52,106201,3416],{"class":66},[52,106203,8941],{"class":70},[52,106205,1888],{"class":66},[52,106207,3423],{"class":62},[20,106209,106210],{},"So the rule is simple:",[176,106212,106213,106218,106223],{},[179,106214,106215,106217],{},[15,106216,3920],{}," → empty set",[179,106219,106220,106222],{},[15,106221,100399],{}," → non-empty set",[179,106224,106225,106227],{},[15,106226,3915],{}," → empty dictionary",[38,106229,1445],{"id":1444},[20,106231,106232,106233,92],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106234,3920],{},[412,106236,1828,106237,99997],{"id":99994},[15,106238,3915],{},[20,106240,106241],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[43,106243,106244],{"className":45,"code":100003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106245,106246,106254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106247,106248,106250,106252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106249,2565],{"class":58},[52,106251,63],{"class":62},[52,106253,9959],{"class":84},[52,106255,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106257,81],{"class":80},[52,106259,85],{"class":84},[52,106261,1930],{"class":1929},[52,106263,85],{"class":84},[52,106265,2591],{"class":88},[52,106267,108],{"class":84},[412,106269,106271,106272],{"id":106270},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106273,106274],{},"set(5)",[20,106276,106277,106279],{},[15,106278,3920],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[43,106281,106283],{"className":45,"code":106282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(5)\n",[15,106284,106285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106286,106287,106289,106291,106293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106288,6410],{"class":1929},[52,106290,85],{"class":84},[52,106292,2252],{"class":608},[52,106294,329],{"class":84},[20,106296,3121,106297,106299,106300,92],{},[15,106298,3124],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[289,106301,106303],{"href":106302},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[412,106305,106307],{"id":106306},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106309,106310],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,106312,106314],{"className":45,"code":106313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106315,106316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106317,106318,106320,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106319,2565],{"class":58},[52,106321,63],{"class":62},[52,106323,99734],{"class":84},[52,106325,3106],{"class":608},[52,106327,318],{"class":84},[52,106329,3111],{"class":608},[52,106331,18187],{"class":84},[52,106333,3744],{"class":84},[52,106335,627],{"class":608},[52,106337,318],{"class":84},[52,106339,2575],{"class":608},[52,106341,13830],{"class":84},[412,106343,1725,106345,106347],{"id":106344},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106346,3920],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106349,106350],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[412,106352,1632,106354,1635,106356,32,106358],{"id":106353},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106355,3920],{},[15,106357,24907],{},[15,106359,9240],{},[20,106361,106362],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[38,106364,60832],{"id":60831},[20,106366,11235],{},[43,106368,106370],{"className":45,"code":106369,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106371,106372,106387,106397,106411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106373,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106375,81],{"class":80},[52,106377,85],{"class":84},[52,106379,1930],{"class":1929},[52,106381,85],{"class":84},[52,106383,106384],{"class":88},"my_value",[52,106386,108],{"class":84},[52,106388,106389,106391,106393,106395],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106390,81],{"class":80},[52,106392,85],{"class":84},[52,106394,106384],{"class":88},[52,106396,329],{"class":84},[52,106398,106399,106401,106403,106405,106407,106409],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,106400,81],{"class":80},[52,106402,85],{"class":84},[52,106404,8217],{"class":1929},[52,106406,85],{"class":84},[52,106408,15791],{"class":88},[52,106410,108],{"class":84},[52,106412,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,106414,81],{"class":80},[52,106416,85],{"class":84},[52,106418,11284],{"class":80},[52,106420,85],{"class":84},[52,106422,15791],{"class":88},[52,106424,108],{"class":84},[20,106426,106427],{},"What they help you see:",[176,106429,106430,106436,106441,106447],{},[179,106431,106432,106435],{},[15,106433,106434],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[179,106437,106438,90663],{},[15,106439,106440],{},"print(my_value)",[179,106442,106443,106446],{},[15,106444,106445],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[179,106448,106449,106452],{},[15,106450,106451],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[38,106454,1940],{"id":1939},[412,106456,106458],{"id":106457},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106460,106461],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[412,106463,106465],{"id":106464},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106467,154,106468,106470,106471,106473],{},[15,106469,3920],{},". Do not use ",[15,106472,3915],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[412,106475,106477],{"id":106476},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106479,106480],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[412,106482,106484],{"id":106483},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106486,106487],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106489,197],{},[43,106491,106493],{"className":45,"code":106492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106494,106495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106496,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106498,81],{"class":80},[52,106500,85],{"class":84},[52,106502,6410],{"class":1929},[52,106504,85],{"class":84},[52,106506,100],{"class":66},[52,106508,4199],{"class":70},[52,106510,100],{"class":66},[52,106512,108],{"class":84},[20,106514,30156],{},[43,106516,106518],{"className":45,"code":106517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106519,106520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106521,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106523,9398],{"class":84},[52,106525,1888],{"class":66},[52,106527,289],{"class":70},[52,106529,1888],{"class":66},[52,106531,318],{"class":84},[52,106533,3416],{"class":66},[52,106535,20],{"class":70},[52,106537,1888],{"class":66},[52,106539,318],{"class":84},[52,106541,3416],{"class":66},[52,106543,60579],{"class":70},[52,106545,1888],{"class":66},[52,106547,318],{"class":84},[52,106549,3416],{"class":66},[52,106551,60570],{"class":70},[52,106553,1888],{"class":66},[52,106555,9429],{"class":84},[412,106557,5282,106559,106562],{"id":106558},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106560,106561],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106564,106565,28811,106567,106570],{},[15,106566,3920],{},[3865,106568,106569],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106572,106573],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[43,106575,106577],{"className":45,"code":106576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106578,106579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106580,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106582,81],{"class":80},[52,106584,85],{"class":84},[52,106586,6410],{"class":1929},[52,106588,3103],{"class":84},[52,106590,3106],{"class":608},[52,106592,318],{"class":84},[52,106594,3111],{"class":608},[52,106596,318],{"class":84},[52,106598,609],{"class":608},[52,106600,318],{"class":84},[52,106602,2575],{"class":608},[52,106604,3118],{"class":84},[38,106606,2005],{"id":2004},[176,106608,106609,106613,106617,106621,106625],{},[179,106610,106611],{},[289,106612,96445],{"href":96444},[179,106614,106615],{},[289,106616,104609],{"href":96448},[179,106618,106619],{},[289,106620,100461],{"href":105460},[179,106622,106623],{},[289,106624,105167],{"href":64969},[179,106626,106627],{},[289,106628,106303],{"href":106302},[2035,106630,106631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":106633},[106634,106635,106636,106637,106638,106644,106645,106646,106654,106664,106665,106673],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":104785,"depth":77,"text":104786},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":105170,"depth":77,"text":105171},{"id":105357,"depth":77,"text":105358,"children":106639},[106640,106641,106642,106643],{"id":105361,"depth":111,"text":105362},{"id":105463,"depth":111,"text":105464},{"id":105547,"depth":111,"text":105548},{"id":105639,"depth":111,"text":105640},{"id":105707,"depth":77,"text":105708},{"id":105921,"depth":77,"text":105922},{"id":106030,"depth":77,"text":106031,"children":106647},[106648,106650,106652],{"id":106037,"depth":111,"text":106649},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106090,"depth":111,"text":106651},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106155,"depth":111,"text":106653},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":106655},[106656,106657,106659,106660,106662],{"id":99994,"depth":111,"text":100502},{"id":106270,"depth":111,"text":106658},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106306,"depth":111,"text":106307},{"id":106344,"depth":111,"text":106661},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106353,"depth":111,"text":106663},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60831,"depth":77,"text":60832},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":106666},[106667,106668,106669,106670,106671],{"id":106457,"depth":111,"text":106458},{"id":106464,"depth":111,"text":106465},{"id":106476,"depth":111,"text":106477},{"id":106483,"depth":111,"text":106484},{"id":106558,"depth":111,"text":106672},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104667,"description":106674},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106681,"title":106682,"body":106683,"description":108198,"extension":2078,"meta":108199,"navigation":221,"path":108200,"seo":108201,"stem":108202,"__hash__":108203},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106684,"toc":108174},[106685,106691,106696,106699,106782,106787,106792,106797,106799,106812,106816,106818,106837,106840,106863,106866,106877,106879,106960,106962,106979,106981,106987,106990,107085,107087,107118,107120,107128,107130,107133,107244,107246,107271,107273,107295,107300,107305,107311,107420,107422,107438,107441,107444,107527,107529,107546,107554,107556,107560,107566,107657,107659,107692,107697,107704,107781,107783,107800,107806,107808,107812,107828,107831,107857,107859,107920,107922,108045,108047,108098,108104,108106,108111,108113,108119,108122,108126,108129,108133,108136,108146,108148,108171],[10,106686,3696,106688,18],{"id":106687},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106689,106690],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106692,2095,106693,106695],{},[15,106694,106690],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106697,106698],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[43,106700,106702],{"className":45,"code":106701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106703,106704,106724,106744,106748,106767,106777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106705,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106707,2673],{"class":58},[52,106709,63],{"class":62},[52,106711,10612],{"class":84},[52,106713,3106],{"class":608},[52,106715,318],{"class":84},[52,106717,3111],{"class":608},[52,106719,318],{"class":84},[52,106721,609],{"class":608},[52,106723,9429],{"class":84},[52,106725,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106727,2701],{"class":58},[52,106729,63],{"class":62},[52,106731,10612],{"class":84},[52,106733,2172],{"class":608},[52,106735,318],{"class":84},[52,106737,609],{"class":608},[52,106739,318],{"class":84},[52,106741,2575],{"class":608},[52,106743,9429],{"class":84},[52,106745,106746],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,106747,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,106749,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106761,106763,106765],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,106751,2346],{"class":58},[52,106753,63],{"class":62},[52,106755,57010],{"class":58},[52,106757,92],{"class":84},[52,106759,106760],{"class":88},"intersection",[52,106762,85],{"class":84},[52,106764,4883],{"class":88},[52,106766,329],{"class":84},[52,106768,106769,106771,106773,106775],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,106770,81],{"class":80},[52,106772,85],{"class":84},[52,106774,2381],{"class":88},[52,106776,329],{"class":84},[52,106778,106779],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,106780,106781],{"class":1479},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106783,154,106784,106786],{},[15,106785,102908],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[38,106788,13119,106790,13122],{"id":106789},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106791,102908],{},[20,106793,106794,106796],{},[15,106795,102908],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106798,13175],{},[176,106800,106801,106804,106806,106809],{},[179,106802,106803],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[179,106805,100678],{},[179,106807,106808],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[179,106810,106811],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106813,96441,106814,92],{},[289,106815,96445],{"href":96444},[38,106817,296],{"id":295},[43,106819,106821],{"className":45,"code":106820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106822,106823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106824,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106826,100702],{"class":58},[52,106828,92],{"class":84},[52,106830,106760],{"class":88},[52,106832,85],{"class":84},[52,106834,100711],{"class":88},[52,106836,329],{"class":84},[20,106838,106839],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[43,106841,106843],{"className":45,"code":106842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106844,106845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106846,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106848,100702],{"class":58},[52,106850,92],{"class":84},[52,106852,106760],{"class":88},[52,106854,85],{"class":84},[52,106856,100711],{"class":88},[52,106858,318],{"class":84},[52,106860,100738],{"class":88},[52,106862,329],{"class":84},[20,106864,106865],{},"Important notes:",[176,106867,106868,106871,106874],{},[179,106869,106870],{},"The result is always a new set",[179,106872,106873],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[179,106875,106876],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106878,197],{},[43,106880,106882],{"className":45,"code":106881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106883,106884,106908,106928,106932,106950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106885,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106887,2673],{"class":58},[52,106889,63],{"class":62},[52,106891,10612],{"class":84},[52,106893,3106],{"class":608},[52,106895,318],{"class":84},[52,106897,3111],{"class":608},[52,106899,318],{"class":84},[52,106901,609],{"class":608},[52,106903,318],{"class":84},[52,106905,2575],{"class":608},[52,106907,9429],{"class":84},[52,106909,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,106911,2701],{"class":58},[52,106913,63],{"class":62},[52,106915,10612],{"class":84},[52,106917,627],{"class":608},[52,106919,318],{"class":84},[52,106921,2575],{"class":608},[52,106923,318],{"class":84},[52,106925,4726],{"class":608},[52,106927,9429],{"class":84},[52,106929,106930],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,106931,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,106935,2346],{"class":58},[52,106937,63],{"class":62},[52,106939,57010],{"class":58},[52,106941,92],{"class":84},[52,106943,106760],{"class":88},[52,106945,85],{"class":84},[52,106947,4883],{"class":88},[52,106949,329],{"class":84},[52,106951,106952,106954,106956,106958],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,106953,81],{"class":80},[52,106955,85],{"class":84},[52,106957,2381],{"class":88},[52,106959,329],{"class":84},[20,106961,135],{},[43,106963,106965],{"className":45,"code":106964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106966,106967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106968,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106970,9398],{"class":84},[52,106972,627],{"class":608},[52,106974,318],{"class":84},[52,106976,2575],{"class":608},[52,106978,9429],{"class":84},[38,106980,710],{"id":709},[20,106982,106983,22101,106985,92],{},[15,106984,102908],{},[3865,106986,6410],{},[20,106988,106989],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[43,106991,106993],{"className":45,"code":106992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106994,106995,107015,107035,107039,107057,107061,107071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106996,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106998,2673],{"class":58},[52,107000,63],{"class":62},[52,107002,10612],{"class":84},[52,107004,3106],{"class":608},[52,107006,318],{"class":84},[52,107008,3111],{"class":608},[52,107010,318],{"class":84},[52,107012,609],{"class":608},[52,107014,9429],{"class":84},[52,107016,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107018,2701],{"class":58},[52,107020,63],{"class":62},[52,107022,10612],{"class":84},[52,107024,2172],{"class":608},[52,107026,318],{"class":84},[52,107028,609],{"class":608},[52,107030,318],{"class":84},[52,107032,2575],{"class":608},[52,107034,9429],{"class":84},[52,107036,107037],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107038,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107040,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107042,2346],{"class":58},[52,107044,63],{"class":62},[52,107046,57010],{"class":58},[52,107048,92],{"class":84},[52,107050,106760],{"class":88},[52,107052,85],{"class":84},[52,107054,4883],{"class":88},[52,107056,329],{"class":84},[52,107058,107059],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,107060,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107062,107063,107065,107067,107069],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,107064,81],{"class":80},[52,107066,85],{"class":84},[52,107068,2381],{"class":88},[52,107070,329],{"class":84},[52,107072,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,107074,81],{"class":80},[52,107076,85],{"class":84},[52,107078,1930],{"class":1929},[52,107080,85],{"class":84},[52,107082,2381],{"class":88},[52,107084,108],{"class":84},[20,107086,135],{},[43,107088,107090],{"className":45,"code":107089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107091,107092,107104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107093,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107095,9398],{"class":84},[52,107097,2172],{"class":608},[52,107099,318],{"class":84},[52,107101,609],{"class":608},[52,107103,9429],{"class":84},[52,107105,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107107,3410],{"class":62},[52,107109,3413],{"class":2180},[52,107111,3416],{"class":66},[52,107113,6410],{"class":70},[52,107115,1888],{"class":66},[52,107117,3423],{"class":62},[20,107119,85932],{},[176,107121,107122,107125],{},[179,107123,107124],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[179,107126,107127],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[38,107129,11597],{"id":11596},[20,107131,107132],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[43,107134,107136],{"className":45,"code":107135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107137,107138,107171,107204,107208,107229,107233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107139,107140,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107141,107142],{"class":58},"colors1 ",[52,107144,63],{"class":62},[52,107146,10612],{"class":84},[52,107148,100],{"class":66},[52,107150,13216],{"class":70},[52,107152,100],{"class":66},[52,107154,318],{"class":84},[52,107156,67],{"class":66},[52,107158,13233],{"class":70},[52,107160,100],{"class":66},[52,107162,318],{"class":84},[52,107164,67],{"class":66},[52,107166,17580],{"class":70},[52,107168,100],{"class":66},[52,107170,9429],{"class":84},[52,107172,107173,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107174,107175],{"class":58},"colors2 ",[52,107177,63],{"class":62},[52,107179,10612],{"class":84},[52,107181,100],{"class":66},[52,107183,17580],{"class":70},[52,107185,100],{"class":66},[52,107187,318],{"class":84},[52,107189,67],{"class":66},[52,107191,22650],{"class":70},[52,107193,100],{"class":66},[52,107195,318],{"class":84},[52,107197,67],{"class":66},[52,107199,13233],{"class":70},[52,107201,100],{"class":66},[52,107203,9429],{"class":84},[52,107205,107206],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107207,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107209,107210,107213,107215,107218,107220,107222,107224,107227],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107211,107212],{"class":58},"common_colors ",[52,107214,63],{"class":62},[52,107216,107217],{"class":58}," colors1",[52,107219,92],{"class":84},[52,107221,106760],{"class":88},[52,107223,85],{"class":84},[52,107225,107226],{"class":88},"colors2",[52,107228,329],{"class":84},[52,107230,107231],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,107232,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107234,107235,107237,107239,107242],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,107236,81],{"class":80},[52,107238,85],{"class":84},[52,107240,107241],{"class":88},"common_colors",[52,107243,329],{"class":84},[20,107245,135],{},[43,107247,107249],{"className":45,"code":107248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107250,107251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107252,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107254,9398],{"class":84},[52,107256,1888],{"class":66},[52,107258,13233],{"class":70},[52,107260,1888],{"class":66},[52,107262,318],{"class":84},[52,107264,3416],{"class":66},[52,107266,17580],{"class":70},[52,107268,1888],{"class":66},[52,107270,9429],{"class":84},[20,107272,11806],{},[176,107274,107275,107281,107285,107290],{},[179,107276,107277,107280],{},[15,107278,107279],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[179,107282,107283,107280],{},[15,107284,107226],{},[179,107286,107287,107289],{},[15,107288,102908],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[179,107291,107292,107293],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107294,107241],{},[38,107296,1828,107298,101275],{"id":107297},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107299,102908],{},[20,107301,107302,107303,92],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107304,102908],{},[20,107306,107307,107308,107310],{},"Only the values found in ",[3865,107309,3837],{}," inputs will be kept.",[43,107312,107314],{"className":45,"code":107313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107315,107316,107340,107364,107384,107388,107410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107319,2673],{"class":58},[52,107321,63],{"class":62},[52,107323,10612],{"class":84},[52,107325,3106],{"class":608},[52,107327,318],{"class":84},[52,107329,3111],{"class":608},[52,107331,318],{"class":84},[52,107333,609],{"class":608},[52,107335,318],{"class":84},[52,107337,2575],{"class":608},[52,107339,9429],{"class":84},[52,107341,107342,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107343,2701],{"class":58},[52,107345,63],{"class":62},[52,107347,10612],{"class":84},[52,107349,2172],{"class":608},[52,107351,318],{"class":84},[52,107353,609],{"class":608},[52,107355,318],{"class":84},[52,107357,2575],{"class":608},[52,107359,318],{"class":84},[52,107361,4726],{"class":608},[52,107363,9429],{"class":84},[52,107365,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107367,83306],{"class":58},[52,107369,63],{"class":62},[52,107371,10612],{"class":84},[52,107373,627],{"class":608},[52,107375,318],{"class":84},[52,107377,2575],{"class":608},[52,107379,318],{"class":84},[52,107381,37769],{"class":608},[52,107383,9429],{"class":84},[52,107385,107386],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107387,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107389,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,107391,2346],{"class":58},[52,107393,63],{"class":62},[52,107395,57010],{"class":58},[52,107397,92],{"class":84},[52,107399,106760],{"class":88},[52,107401,85],{"class":84},[52,107403,4883],{"class":88},[52,107405,318],{"class":84},[52,107407,9802],{"class":88},[52,107409,329],{"class":84},[52,107411,107412,107414,107416,107418],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,107413,81],{"class":80},[52,107415,85],{"class":84},[52,107417,2381],{"class":88},[52,107419,329],{"class":84},[20,107421,135],{},[43,107423,107424],{"className":45,"code":106964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,107425,107426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107427,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107429,9398],{"class":84},[52,107431,627],{"class":608},[52,107433,318],{"class":84},[52,107435,2575],{"class":608},[52,107437,9429],{"class":84},[20,107439,107440],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107442,107443],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[43,107445,107447],{"className":45,"code":107446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107448,107449,107473,107477,107517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107450,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107452,2673],{"class":58},[52,107454,63],{"class":62},[52,107456,10612],{"class":84},[52,107458,3106],{"class":608},[52,107460,318],{"class":84},[52,107462,3111],{"class":608},[52,107464,318],{"class":84},[52,107466,609],{"class":608},[52,107468,318],{"class":84},[52,107470,2575],{"class":608},[52,107472,9429],{"class":84},[52,107474,107475],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107476,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107478,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107480,2346],{"class":58},[52,107482,63],{"class":62},[52,107484,57010],{"class":58},[52,107486,92],{"class":84},[52,107488,106760],{"class":88},[52,107490,3103],{"class":84},[52,107492,2172],{"class":608},[52,107494,318],{"class":84},[52,107496,2575],{"class":608},[52,107498,318],{"class":84},[52,107500,37769],{"class":608},[52,107502,18187],{"class":84},[52,107504,1370],{"class":84},[52,107506,3106],{"class":608},[52,107508,318],{"class":84},[52,107510,3111],{"class":608},[52,107512,318],{"class":84},[52,107514,2575],{"class":608},[52,107516,108],{"class":84},[52,107518,107519,107521,107523,107525],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107520,81],{"class":80},[52,107522,85],{"class":84},[52,107524,2381],{"class":88},[52,107526,329],{"class":84},[20,107528,135],{},[43,107530,107532],{"className":45,"code":107531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107533,107534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107537,9398],{"class":84},[52,107539,2172],{"class":608},[52,107541,318],{"class":84},[52,107543,2575],{"class":608},[52,107545,9429],{"class":84},[38,107547,107549,10707,107551],{"id":107548},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107550,102908],{},[15,107552,107553],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107555,101445],{},[412,107557,107558],{"id":106760},[15,107559,102908],{},[176,107561,107562,107564],{},[179,107563,101454],{},[179,107565,101457],{},[43,107567,107569],{"className":45,"code":107568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107570,107571,107591,107611,107615,107633,107637,107647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107572,107573,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107574,2673],{"class":58},[52,107576,63],{"class":62},[52,107578,10612],{"class":84},[52,107580,3106],{"class":608},[52,107582,318],{"class":84},[52,107584,3111],{"class":608},[52,107586,318],{"class":84},[52,107588,609],{"class":608},[52,107590,9429],{"class":84},[52,107592,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107594,2701],{"class":58},[52,107596,63],{"class":62},[52,107598,10612],{"class":84},[52,107600,2172],{"class":608},[52,107602,318],{"class":84},[52,107604,609],{"class":608},[52,107606,318],{"class":84},[52,107608,2575],{"class":608},[52,107610,9429],{"class":84},[52,107612,107613],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107614,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107616,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107618,2346],{"class":58},[52,107620,63],{"class":62},[52,107622,57010],{"class":58},[52,107624,92],{"class":84},[52,107626,106760],{"class":88},[52,107628,85],{"class":84},[52,107630,4883],{"class":88},[52,107632,329],{"class":84},[52,107634,107635],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,107636,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107638,107639,107641,107643,107645],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,107640,81],{"class":80},[52,107642,85],{"class":84},[52,107644,289],{"class":88},[52,107646,329],{"class":84},[52,107648,107649,107651,107653,107655],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,107650,81],{"class":80},[52,107652,85],{"class":84},[52,107654,2381],{"class":88},[52,107656,329],{"class":84},[20,107658,135],{},[43,107660,107662],{"className":45,"code":107661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107663,107664,107680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107665,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107667,9398],{"class":84},[52,107669,3106],{"class":608},[52,107671,318],{"class":84},[52,107673,3111],{"class":608},[52,107675,318],{"class":84},[52,107677,609],{"class":608},[52,107679,9429],{"class":84},[52,107681,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107683,9398],{"class":84},[52,107685,2172],{"class":608},[52,107687,318],{"class":84},[52,107689,609],{"class":608},[52,107691,9429],{"class":84},[412,107693,107695],{"id":107694},"intersection_update",[15,107696,107553],{},[176,107698,107699,107701],{},[179,107700,101597],{},[179,107702,107703],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[43,107705,107707],{"className":45,"code":107706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107708,107709,107729,107749,107753,107767,107771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107712,2673],{"class":58},[52,107714,63],{"class":62},[52,107716,10612],{"class":84},[52,107718,3106],{"class":608},[52,107720,318],{"class":84},[52,107722,3111],{"class":608},[52,107724,318],{"class":84},[52,107726,609],{"class":608},[52,107728,9429],{"class":84},[52,107730,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107732,2701],{"class":58},[52,107734,63],{"class":62},[52,107736,10612],{"class":84},[52,107738,2172],{"class":608},[52,107740,318],{"class":84},[52,107742,609],{"class":608},[52,107744,318],{"class":84},[52,107746,2575],{"class":608},[52,107748,9429],{"class":84},[52,107750,107751],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107752,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107754,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107756,289],{"class":58},[52,107758,92],{"class":84},[52,107760,107694],{"class":88},[52,107762,85],{"class":84},[52,107764,4883],{"class":88},[52,107766,329],{"class":84},[52,107768,107769],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,107770,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,107774,81],{"class":80},[52,107776,85],{"class":84},[52,107778,289],{"class":88},[52,107780,329],{"class":84},[20,107782,135],{},[43,107784,107786],{"className":45,"code":107785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107787,107788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107789,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107791,9398],{"class":84},[52,107793,2172],{"class":608},[52,107795,318],{"class":84},[52,107797,609],{"class":608},[52,107799,9429],{"class":84},[20,107801,107802,107803,107805],{},"Choose ",[15,107804,102908],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[38,107807,4640],{"id":4639},[20,107809,14858,107810,174],{},[15,107811,102908],{},[176,107813,107814,107817,107820,107823],{},[179,107815,107816],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[179,107818,107819],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[179,107821,107822],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[179,107824,107825,107826],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107827,102908],{},[20,107829,107830],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[176,107832,107833,107838,107841,107854],{},[179,107834,1828,107835,107837],{},[15,107836,102908],{}," when order matters",[179,107839,107840],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[179,107842,1632,107843,1635,107845,32,107850],{},[15,107844,102908],{},[289,107846,107848],{"href":107847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107849,102916],{},[289,107851,107852],{"href":102957},[15,107853,100531],{},[179,107855,107856],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107858,1841],{},[43,107860,107862],{"className":45,"code":107861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107863,107864,107874,107888,107906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107865,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107867,81],{"class":80},[52,107869,85],{"class":84},[52,107871,15791],{"class":88},[52,107873,329],{"class":84},[52,107875,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107877,81],{"class":80},[52,107879,85],{"class":84},[52,107881,1930],{"class":1929},[52,107883,85],{"class":84},[52,107885,2381],{"class":88},[52,107887,108],{"class":84},[52,107889,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107891,81],{"class":80},[52,107893,85],{"class":84},[52,107895,100702],{"class":88},[52,107897,92],{"class":84},[52,107899,106760],{"class":88},[52,107901,85],{"class":84},[52,107903,100711],{"class":88},[52,107905,108],{"class":84},[52,107907,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107909,81],{"class":80},[52,107911,85],{"class":84},[52,107913,11284],{"class":80},[52,107915,85],{"class":84},[52,107917,2381],{"class":88},[52,107919,108],{"class":84},[20,107921,197],{},[43,107923,107925],{"className":45,"code":107924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107926,107927,107951,107971,107975,107993,107997,108007,108017,108031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107928,107929,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107930,3739],{"class":58},[52,107932,63],{"class":62},[52,107934,10612],{"class":84},[52,107936,3106],{"class":608},[52,107938,318],{"class":84},[52,107940,3111],{"class":608},[52,107942,318],{"class":84},[52,107944,3111],{"class":608},[52,107946,318],{"class":84},[52,107948,609],{"class":608},[52,107950,9429],{"class":84},[52,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,107954,43674],{"class":58},[52,107956,63],{"class":62},[52,107958,10612],{"class":84},[52,107960,2172],{"class":608},[52,107962,318],{"class":84},[52,107964,609],{"class":608},[52,107966,318],{"class":84},[52,107968,2575],{"class":608},[52,107970,9429],{"class":84},[52,107972,107973],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,107974,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107976,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,107978,2346],{"class":58},[52,107980,63],{"class":62},[52,107982,4384],{"class":58},[52,107984,92],{"class":84},[52,107986,106760],{"class":88},[52,107988,85],{"class":84},[52,107990,30869],{"class":88},[52,107992,329],{"class":84},[52,107994,107995],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,107996,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,107998,107999,108001,108003,108005],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,108000,81],{"class":80},[52,108002,85],{"class":84},[52,108004,3771],{"class":88},[52,108006,329],{"class":84},[52,108008,108009,108011,108013,108015],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,108010,81],{"class":80},[52,108012,85],{"class":84},[52,108014,2381],{"class":88},[52,108016,329],{"class":84},[52,108018,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,108020,81],{"class":80},[52,108022,85],{"class":84},[52,108024,1930],{"class":1929},[52,108026,85],{"class":84},[52,108028,2381],{"class":88},[52,108030,108],{"class":84},[52,108032,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,108034,81],{"class":80},[52,108036,85],{"class":84},[52,108038,11284],{"class":80},[52,108040,85],{"class":84},[52,108042,2381],{"class":88},[52,108044,108],{"class":84},[20,108046,135],{},[43,108048,108050],{"className":45,"code":108049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108051,108052,108068,108080,108094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108053,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108055,9398],{"class":84},[52,108057,3106],{"class":608},[52,108059,318],{"class":84},[52,108061,3111],{"class":608},[52,108063,318],{"class":84},[52,108065,609],{"class":608},[52,108067,9429],{"class":84},[52,108069,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108071,9398],{"class":84},[52,108073,2172],{"class":608},[52,108075,318],{"class":84},[52,108077,609],{"class":608},[52,108079,9429],{"class":84},[52,108081,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,108083,3410],{"class":62},[52,108085,3413],{"class":2180},[52,108087,3416],{"class":66},[52,108089,6410],{"class":70},[52,108091,1888],{"class":66},[52,108093,3423],{"class":62},[52,108095,108096],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,108097,17182],{"class":608},[20,108099,108100,108101,108103],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108102,2172],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,108105,1940],{"id":1939},[412,108107,1944,108109,102856],{"id":108108},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108110,102908],{},[20,108112,102859],{},[412,108114,1958,108116,108118],{"id":108115},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108117,102908],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108120,108121],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[412,108123,108125],{"id":108124},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108127,108128],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[412,108130,108132],{"id":108131},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108134,108135],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[43,108137,108138],{"className":45,"code":97575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108139,108140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108141,108142,108144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108143,6410],{"class":1929},[52,108145,8763],{"class":84},[38,108147,2005],{"id":2004},[176,108149,108150,108154,108161,108167],{},[179,108151,108152],{},[289,108153,96445],{"href":96444},[179,108155,108156],{},[289,108157,3696,108158,1441],{"href":107847},[15,108159,108160],{},"set.union()",[179,108162,108163],{},[289,108164,3696,108165,1441],{"href":102957},[15,108166,100536],{},[179,108168,108169],{},[289,108170,100461],{"href":105460},[2035,108172,108173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":108175},[108176,108178,108179,108180,108181,108183,108188,108189,108197],{"id":106789,"depth":77,"text":108177},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":107297,"depth":77,"text":108182},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107548,"depth":77,"text":108184,"children":108185},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108186,108187],{"id":106760,"depth":111,"text":102908},{"id":107694,"depth":111,"text":107553},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":108190},[108191,108193,108195,108196],{"id":108108,"depth":111,"text":108192},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108115,"depth":111,"text":108194},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108124,"depth":111,"text":108125},{"id":108131,"depth":111,"text":108132},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106682,"description":108198},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108205,"title":108206,"body":108207,"description":109443,"extension":2078,"meta":109444,"navigation":221,"path":109445,"seo":109446,"stem":109447,"__hash__":109448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108208,"toc":109410},[108209,108214,108220,108229,108231,108306,108311,108326,108336,108341,108345,108358,108362,108364,108379,108381,108397,108399,108474,108478,108481,108483,108500,108505,108560,108565,108577,108581,108584,108685,108687,108728,108731,108735,108742,108744,108769,108772,108790,108797,108803,108806,108888,108895,108898,108978,108987,108990,108995,108999,109013,109062,109067,109071,109082,109131,109142,109147,109151,109163,109212,109223,109225,109229,109252,109254,109311,109313,109327,109329,109335,109341,109347,109356,109360,109367,109371,109379,109381,109407],[10,108210,96317,108212,18],{"id":108211},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108213,12885],{},[20,108215,108216,108219],{},[15,108217,108218],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108221,108222,108223,108225,108226,108228],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3865,108224,4752],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108227,12885],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[38,108230,41],{"id":40},[43,108232,108234],{"className":45,"code":108233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108235,108236,108268,108282,108286,108296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108237,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108239,7903],{"class":58},[52,108241,63],{"class":62},[52,108243,10612],{"class":84},[52,108245,100],{"class":66},[52,108247,4199],{"class":70},[52,108249,100],{"class":66},[52,108251,318],{"class":84},[52,108253,67],{"class":66},[52,108255,4208],{"class":70},[52,108257,100],{"class":66},[52,108259,318],{"class":84},[52,108261,67],{"class":66},[52,108263,4217],{"class":70},[52,108265,100],{"class":66},[52,108267,9429],{"class":84},[52,108269,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108271,70054],{"class":58},[52,108273,63],{"class":62},[52,108275,6089],{"class":58},[52,108277,92],{"class":84},[52,108279,26367],{"class":88},[52,108281,8763],{"class":84},[52,108283,108284],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,108285,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,108287,108288,108290,108292,108294],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,108289,81],{"class":80},[52,108291,85],{"class":84},[52,108293,70077],{"class":88},[52,108295,329],{"class":84},[52,108297,108298,108300,108302,108304],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,108299,81],{"class":80},[52,108301,85],{"class":84},[52,108303,7934],{"class":88},[52,108305,329],{"class":84},[20,108307,108308],{},[3865,108309,108310],{},"What this does:",[176,108312,108313,108318,108323],{},[179,108314,108315,108316],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108317,7934],{},[179,108319,108320,108321],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108322,70077],{},[179,108324,108325],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108327,108328,89080,108330,108332,108333,108335],{},[3865,108329,83941],{},[15,108331,108218],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3865,108334,4752],{}," chosen by index.",[38,108337,166,108339,169],{"id":108338},"what-setpop-does",[15,108340,108218],{},[20,108342,108343,174],{},[15,108344,108218],{},[176,108346,108347,108349,108352,108355],{},[179,108348,103159],{},[179,108350,108351],{},"Returns the removed item",[179,108353,108354],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[179,108356,108357],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108359,96441,108360,92],{},[289,108361,96445],{"href":97616},[38,108363,296],{"id":295},[43,108365,108367],{"className":45,"code":108366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108368,108369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108370,108371,108373,108375,108377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108372,15791],{"class":58},[52,108374,92],{"class":84},[52,108376,26367],{"class":88},[52,108378,8763],{"class":84},[20,108380,13175],{},[176,108382,108383,108389,108394],{},[179,108384,108385,108386],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108387,108388],{},"my_set.pop()",[179,108390,108391,108392],{},"It takes ",[3865,108393,28814],{},[179,108395,108396],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108398,197],{},[43,108400,108402],{"className":45,"code":108401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108403,108404,108436,108450,108454,108464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108405,108406,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108407,13199],{"class":58},[52,108409,63],{"class":62},[52,108411,10612],{"class":84},[52,108413,100],{"class":66},[52,108415,13216],{"class":70},[52,108417,100],{"class":66},[52,108419,318],{"class":84},[52,108421,67],{"class":66},[52,108423,13233],{"class":70},[52,108425,100],{"class":66},[52,108427,318],{"class":84},[52,108429,67],{"class":66},[52,108431,17580],{"class":70},[52,108433,100],{"class":66},[52,108435,9429],{"class":84},[52,108437,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108439,28664],{"class":58},[52,108441,63],{"class":62},[52,108443,13247],{"class":58},[52,108445,92],{"class":84},[52,108447,26367],{"class":88},[52,108449,8763],{"class":84},[52,108451,108452],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,108453,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,108455,108456,108458,108460,108462],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,108457,81],{"class":80},[52,108459,85],{"class":84},[52,108461,23437],{"class":88},[52,108463,329],{"class":84},[52,108465,108466,108468,108470,108472],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,108467,81],{"class":80},[52,108469,85],{"class":84},[52,108471,17627],{"class":88},[52,108473,329],{"class":84},[38,108475,108477],{"id":108476},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108479,108480],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108482,2222],{},[176,108484,108485,108491,108494],{},[179,108486,108487,108488,108490],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108489,12885],{}," removes",[179,108492,108493],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[179,108495,108496,108497,108499],{},"You should not use ",[15,108498,12885],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108501,10582,108502,108504],{},[3865,108503,4752],{}," valid:",[43,108506,108508],{"className":45,"code":108507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108509,108510,108542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108511,108512,108514,108516,108518,108520,108522,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108513,36364],{"class":58},[52,108515,63],{"class":62},[52,108517,10612],{"class":84},[52,108519,100],{"class":66},[52,108521,4199],{"class":70},[52,108523,100],{"class":66},[52,108525,318],{"class":84},[52,108527,67],{"class":66},[52,108529,4208],{"class":70},[52,108531,100],{"class":66},[52,108533,318],{"class":84},[52,108535,67],{"class":66},[52,108537,4217],{"class":70},[52,108539,100],{"class":66},[52,108541,9429],{"class":84},[52,108543,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108545,36416],{"class":58},[52,108547,92],{"class":84},[52,108549,26367],{"class":88},[52,108551,85],{"class":84},[52,108553,100],{"class":66},[52,108555,4199],{"class":70},[52,108557,100],{"class":66},[52,108559,329],{"class":84},[20,108561,39779,108562,108564],{},[15,108563,108218],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108566,108567,108568,32,108572,92],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[289,108569,108570],{"href":98326},[15,108571,102985],{},[289,108573,108575],{"href":108574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108576,102976],{},[38,108578,108580],{"id":108579},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108582,108583],{},"Here is a simple example:",[43,108585,108587],{"className":45,"code":108586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108588,108589,108623,108627,108643,108647,108666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108590,108591,108594,108596,108598,108600,108602,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108619,108621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108592,108593],{"class":58},"animals ",[52,108595,63],{"class":62},[52,108597,10612],{"class":84},[52,108599,100],{"class":66},[52,108601,37173],{"class":70},[52,108603,100],{"class":66},[52,108605,318],{"class":84},[52,108607,67],{"class":66},[52,108609,58250],{"class":70},[52,108611,100],{"class":66},[52,108613,318],{"class":84},[52,108615,67],{"class":66},[52,108617,108618],{"class":70},"rabbit",[52,108620,100],{"class":66},[52,108622,9429],{"class":84},[52,108624,108625],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108626,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,108628,108629,108632,108634,108637,108639,108641],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,108630,108631],{"class":58},"removed_animal ",[52,108633,63],{"class":62},[52,108635,108636],{"class":58}," animals",[52,108638,92],{"class":84},[52,108640,26367],{"class":88},[52,108642,8763],{"class":84},[52,108644,108645],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,108646,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,108648,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108664],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,108650,81],{"class":80},[52,108652,85],{"class":84},[52,108654,100],{"class":66},[52,108656,29082],{"class":70},[52,108658,100],{"class":66},[52,108660,318],{"class":84},[52,108662,108663],{"class":88}," removed_animal",[52,108665,329],{"class":84},[52,108667,108668,108670,108672,108674,108677,108679,108681,108683],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,108669,81],{"class":80},[52,108671,85],{"class":84},[52,108673,100],{"class":66},[52,108675,108676],{"class":70},"Updated set:",[52,108678,100],{"class":66},[52,108680,318],{"class":84},[52,108682,108636],{"class":88},[52,108684,329],{"class":84},[20,108686,30156],{},[43,108688,108690],{"className":45,"code":108689,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108691,108692,108701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108693,108694,108696,108698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108695,29124],{"class":58},[52,108697,174],{"class":84},[52,108699,108700],{"class":58}," dog\n",[52,108702,108703,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108704,108705],{"class":58},"Updated ",[52,108707,6410],{"class":1929},[52,108709,174],{"class":84},[52,108711,10612],{"class":84},[52,108713,1888],{"class":66},[52,108715,37173],{"class":70},[52,108717,1888],{"class":66},[52,108719,318],{"class":84},[52,108721,3416],{"class":66},[52,108723,108618],{"class":70},[52,108725,1888],{"class":66},[52,108727,9429],{"class":84},[20,108729,108730],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[38,108732,108734],{"id":108733},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108736,29776,108737,108739,108740,92],{},[15,108738,12885],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108741,19813],{},[20,108743,197],{},[43,108745,108747],{"className":45,"code":108746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108748,108749,108759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108750,108751,108753,108755,108757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108752,7903],{"class":58},[52,108754,63],{"class":62},[52,108756,15758],{"class":1929},[52,108758,8763],{"class":84},[52,108760,108761,108763,108765,108767],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108762,7934],{"class":58},[52,108764,92],{"class":84},[52,108766,26367],{"class":88},[52,108768,8763],{"class":84},[20,108770,108771],{},"This raises:",[43,108773,108775],{"className":45,"code":108774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108776,108777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108778,108779,108781,108783,108785,108788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108780,19813],{"class":1929},[52,108782,174],{"class":84},[52,108784,3416],{"class":66},[52,108786,108787],{"class":70},"pop from an empty set",[52,108789,29826],{"class":66},[20,108791,108792,108793,108796],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[289,108794,108795],{"href":11196},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[412,108798,108800,108801],{"id":108799},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108802,12885],{},[20,108804,108805],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[43,108807,108809],{"className":45,"code":108808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108810,108811,108821,108825,108833,108848,108867,108873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108812,108813,108815,108817,108819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108814,7903],{"class":58},[52,108816,63],{"class":62},[52,108818,15758],{"class":1929},[52,108820,8763],{"class":84},[52,108822,108823],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108824,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,108826,108827,108829,108831],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,108828,733],{"class":761},[52,108830,6089],{"class":58},[52,108832,804],{"class":84},[52,108834,108835,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,108836,108837],{"class":58},"    removed ",[52,108839,63],{"class":62},[52,108841,6089],{"class":58},[52,108843,92],{"class":84},[52,108845,26367],{"class":88},[52,108847,8763],{"class":84},[52,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108865],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,108851,784],{"class":80},[52,108853,85],{"class":84},[52,108855,100],{"class":66},[52,108857,29082],{"class":70},[52,108859,100],{"class":66},[52,108861,318],{"class":84},[52,108863,108864],{"class":88}," removed",[52,108866,329],{"class":84},[52,108868,108869,108871],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,108870,801],{"class":761},[52,108872,804],{"class":84},[52,108874,108875,108877,108879,108881,108884,108886],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,108876,784],{"class":80},[52,108878,85],{"class":84},[52,108880,100],{"class":66},[52,108882,108883],{"class":70},"The set is empty.",[52,108885,100],{"class":66},[52,108887,329],{"class":84},[412,108889,154,108891,342,108893],{"id":108890},"use-try-and-except",[15,108892,29930],{},[15,108894,29961],{},[20,108896,108897],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[43,108899,108901],{"className":45,"code":108900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108902,108903,108913,108917,108923,108937,108955,108963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108904,108905,108907,108909,108911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108906,7903],{"class":58},[52,108908,63],{"class":62},[52,108910,15758],{"class":1929},[52,108912,8763],{"class":84},[52,108914,108915],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,108916,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,108918,108919,108921],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,108920,29930],{"class":761},[52,108922,804],{"class":84},[52,108924,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933,108935],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,108926,108837],{"class":58},[52,108928,63],{"class":62},[52,108930,6089],{"class":58},[52,108932,92],{"class":84},[52,108934,26367],{"class":88},[52,108936,8763],{"class":84},[52,108938,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947,108949,108951,108953],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,108940,784],{"class":80},[52,108942,85],{"class":84},[52,108944,100],{"class":66},[52,108946,29082],{"class":70},[52,108948,100],{"class":66},[52,108950,318],{"class":84},[52,108952,108864],{"class":88},[52,108954,329],{"class":84},[52,108956,108957,108959,108961],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,108958,29961],{"class":761},[52,108960,29964],{"class":1929},[52,108962,804],{"class":84},[52,108964,108965,108967,108969,108971,108974,108976],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,108966,784],{"class":80},[52,108968,85],{"class":84},[52,108970,100],{"class":66},[52,108972,108973],{"class":70},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[52,108975,100],{"class":66},[52,108977,329],{"class":84},[38,108979,5084,108981,10707,108983,10707,108985],{"id":108980},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108982,12885],{},[15,108984,55651],{},[15,108986,102971],{},[20,108988,108989],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[412,108991,154,108993],{"id":108992},"use-pop",[15,108994,12885],{},[20,108996,154,108997,10723],{},[15,108998,12885],{},[176,109000,109001,109007,109010],{},[179,109002,109003,109004],{},"You want to remove ",[3865,109005,109006],{},"any one item",[179,109008,109009],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[179,109011,109012],{},"You want the removed item returned",[43,109014,109016],{"className":45,"code":109015,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109017,109018,109038,109052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109019,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109021,3739],{"class":58},[52,109023,63],{"class":62},[52,109025,10612],{"class":84},[52,109027,3106],{"class":608},[52,109029,318],{"class":84},[52,109031,3111],{"class":608},[52,109033,318],{"class":84},[52,109035,609],{"class":608},[52,109037,9429],{"class":84},[52,109039,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109041,2565],{"class":58},[52,109043,63],{"class":62},[52,109045,4384],{"class":58},[52,109047,92],{"class":84},[52,109049,26367],{"class":88},[52,109051,8763],{"class":84},[52,109053,109054,109056,109058,109060],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109055,81],{"class":80},[52,109057,85],{"class":84},[52,109059,2591],{"class":88},[52,109061,329],{"class":84},[412,109063,154,109065],{"id":109064},"use-remove",[15,109066,55651],{},[20,109068,154,109069,10723],{},[15,109070,55651],{},[176,109072,109073,109079],{},[179,109074,109075,109076],{},"You want to delete a ",[3865,109077,109078],{},"specific item",[179,109080,109081],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[43,109083,109085],{"className":45,"code":109084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109086,109087,109107,109121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109088,109089,109091,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109090,3739],{"class":58},[52,109092,63],{"class":62},[52,109094,10612],{"class":84},[52,109096,3106],{"class":608},[52,109098,318],{"class":84},[52,109100,3111],{"class":608},[52,109102,318],{"class":84},[52,109104,609],{"class":608},[52,109106,9429],{"class":84},[52,109108,109109,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109110,3771],{"class":58},[52,109112,92],{"class":84},[52,109114,34919],{"class":88},[52,109116,85],{"class":84},[52,109118,2172],{"class":608},[52,109120,329],{"class":84},[52,109122,109123,109125,109127,109129],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109124,81],{"class":80},[52,109126,85],{"class":84},[52,109128,3771],{"class":88},[52,109130,329],{"class":84},[20,109132,109133,109134,109136,109137,109141],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109135,55651],{}," raises an error. See the ",[289,109138,109139,1441],{"href":98326},[15,109140,102985],{}," for details.",[412,109143,154,109145],{"id":109144},"use-discard",[15,109146,102971],{},[20,109148,154,109149,10723],{},[15,109150,102971],{},[176,109152,109153,109157],{},[179,109154,109075,109155],{},[3865,109156,109078],{},[179,109158,109159,109160,109162],{},"You do ",[3865,109161,4752],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[43,109164,109166],{"className":45,"code":109165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109167,109168,109188,109202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109169,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109171,3739],{"class":58},[52,109173,63],{"class":62},[52,109175,10612],{"class":84},[52,109177,3106],{"class":608},[52,109179,318],{"class":84},[52,109181,3111],{"class":608},[52,109183,318],{"class":84},[52,109185,609],{"class":608},[52,109187,9429],{"class":84},[52,109189,109190,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109191,3771],{"class":58},[52,109193,92],{"class":84},[52,109195,103038],{"class":88},[52,109197,85],{"class":84},[52,109199,2252],{"class":608},[52,109201,329],{"class":84},[52,109203,109204,109206,109208,109210],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109205,81],{"class":80},[52,109207,85],{"class":84},[52,109209,3771],{"class":88},[52,109211,329],{"class":84},[20,109213,109214,109215,109217,109218,109222],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109216,2252],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[289,109219,109220,1441],{"href":108574},[15,109221,102976],{}," for more examples.",[38,109224,1445],{"id":1444},[20,109226,71600,109227,174],{},[15,109228,108218],{},[176,109230,109231,109237,109242,109247],{},[179,109232,109233,109234],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109235,109236],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[179,109238,1725,109239,109241],{},[15,109240,12885],{}," to remove the first or last item",[179,109243,29776,109244,109246],{},[15,109245,12885],{}," on an empty set",[179,109248,1828,109249,109251],{},[15,109250,12885],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109253,62416],{},[43,109255,109257],{"className":45,"code":109256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109258,109259,109269,109283,109297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109260,109261,109263,109265,109267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109262,81],{"class":80},[52,109264,85],{"class":84},[52,109266,15791],{"class":88},[52,109268,329],{"class":84},[52,109270,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109272,81],{"class":80},[52,109274,85],{"class":84},[52,109276,11284],{"class":80},[52,109278,85],{"class":84},[52,109280,15791],{"class":88},[52,109282,108],{"class":84},[52,109284,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109286,81],{"class":80},[52,109288,85],{"class":84},[52,109290,1930],{"class":1929},[52,109292,85],{"class":84},[52,109294,15791],{"class":88},[52,109296,108],{"class":84},[52,109298,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,109300,28664],{"class":58},[52,109302,63],{"class":62},[52,109304,97041],{"class":58},[52,109306,92],{"class":84},[52,109308,26367],{"class":88},[52,109310,8763],{"class":84},[20,109312,26134],{},[176,109314,109315,109318,109321,109324],{},[179,109316,109317],{},"What values are in the set",[179,109319,109320],{},"Whether the set is empty",[179,109322,109323],{},"That the object is really a set",[179,109325,109326],{},"What value was actually removed",[38,109328,1940],{"id":1939},[412,109330,1944,109332,109334],{"id":109331},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109333,108218],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109336,109337,109338,109340],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109339,12885],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[412,109342,109344,109345,1993],{"id":109343},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109346,108218],{},[20,109348,109349,109350,109352,109353,109355],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109351,12885],{},", set ",[15,109354,12885],{}," does not accept an index.",[412,109357,109359],{"id":109358},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109361,71769,109362,1831,109364,109366],{},[15,109363,19813],{},[15,109365,12885],{}," is called on an empty set.",[412,109368,109370],{"id":109369},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109372,154,109373,32,109375,11214,109377,92],{},[15,109374,55651],{},[15,109376,102971],{},[15,109378,12885],{},[38,109380,2005],{"id":2004},[176,109382,109383,109387,109393,109399,109403],{},[179,109384,109385],{},[289,109386,96445],{"href":97616},[179,109388,109389],{},[289,109390,96931,109391,1441],{"href":98326},[15,109392,55651],{},[179,109394,109395],{},[289,109396,96931,109397,1441],{"href":108574},[15,109398,102971],{},[179,109400,109401],{},[289,109402,11385],{"href":11196},[179,109404,109405],{},[289,109406,55637],{"href":55189},[2035,109408,109409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":109411},[109412,109413,109415,109416,109417,109418,109424,109433,109434,109442],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":108338,"depth":77,"text":109414},"What set.pop() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":108476,"depth":77,"text":108477},{"id":108579,"depth":77,"text":108580},{"id":108733,"depth":77,"text":108734,"children":109419},[109420,109422],{"id":108799,"depth":111,"text":109421},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108890,"depth":111,"text":109423},"Use try and except",{"id":108980,"depth":77,"text":109425,"children":109426},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109427,109429,109431],{"id":108992,"depth":111,"text":109428},"Use pop()",{"id":109064,"depth":111,"text":109430},"Use remove()",{"id":109144,"depth":111,"text":109432},"Use discard()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":109435},[109436,109438,109440,109441],{"id":109331,"depth":111,"text":109437},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109343,"depth":111,"text":109439},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109358,"depth":111,"text":109359},{"id":109369,"depth":111,"text":109370},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108206,"description":109443},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109450,"title":109451,"body":109452,"description":110606,"extension":2078,"meta":110607,"navigation":221,"path":110608,"seo":110609,"stem":110610,"__hash__":110611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109453,"toc":110574},[109454,109459,109464,109473,109475,109540,109544,109568,109575,109580,109584,109599,109602,109604,109623,109637,109640,109688,109692,109708,109710,109783,109787,109812,109818,109826,109830,109837,109892,109897,109914,109920,109926,109931,109939,109946,109950,109958,110013,110015,110032,110036,110043,110108,110112,110145,110147,110159,110166,110168,110173,110180,110182,110251,110255,110263,110265,110329,110333,110338,110385,110390,110458,110466,110473,110476,110482,110487,110491,110493,110496,110498,110503,110508,110514,110519,110526,110534,110540,110543,110545,110571],[10,109455,96317,109457,18],{"id":109456},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109458,55651],{},[20,109460,109461,109463],{},[15,109462,102985],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109465,109466,109467,109470,109471,92],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3865,109468,109469],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109472,19813],{},[38,109474,41],{"id":40},[43,109476,109478],{"className":45,"code":109477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109479,109480,109512,109530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109481,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109483,13199],{"class":58},[52,109485,63],{"class":62},[52,109487,10612],{"class":84},[52,109489,100],{"class":66},[52,109491,13216],{"class":70},[52,109493,100],{"class":66},[52,109495,318],{"class":84},[52,109497,67],{"class":66},[52,109499,13233],{"class":70},[52,109501,100],{"class":66},[52,109503,318],{"class":84},[52,109505,67],{"class":66},[52,109507,17580],{"class":70},[52,109509,100],{"class":66},[52,109511,9429],{"class":84},[52,109513,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109515,17627],{"class":58},[52,109517,92],{"class":84},[52,109519,34919],{"class":88},[52,109521,85],{"class":84},[52,109523,100],{"class":66},[52,109525,13233],{"class":70},[52,109527,100],{"class":66},[52,109529,329],{"class":84},[52,109531,109532,109534,109536,109538],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109533,81],{"class":80},[52,109535,85],{"class":84},[52,109537,17627],{"class":88},[52,109539,329],{"class":84},[20,109541,109542],{},[3865,109543,30156],{},[43,109545,109546],{"className":45,"code":103665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109547,109548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109549,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109551,9398],{"class":84},[52,109553,1888],{"class":66},[52,109555,13216],{"class":70},[52,109557,1888],{"class":66},[52,109559,318],{"class":84},[52,109561,3416],{"class":66},[52,109563,17580],{"class":70},[52,109565,1888],{"class":66},[52,109567,9429],{"class":84},[20,109569,154,109570,109572,109573,92],{},[15,109571,55651],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109574,19813],{},[38,109576,166,109578,169],{"id":109577},"what-setremove-does",[15,109579,102985],{},[20,109581,109582,174],{},[15,109583,102985],{},[176,109585,109586,109589,109591,109593],{},[179,109587,109588],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[179,109590,96432],{},[179,109592,96435],{},[179,109594,109595,109596,109598],{},"Raises ",[15,109597,19813],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109600,109601],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[38,109603,296],{"id":295},[43,109605,109607],{"className":45,"code":109606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109608,109609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109610,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109612,15791],{"class":58},[52,109614,92],{"class":84},[52,109616,34919],{"class":88},[52,109618,85],{"class":84},[52,109620,2591],{"class":88},[52,109622,329],{"class":84},[176,109624,109625,109629,109634],{},[179,109626,109627,103207],{},[15,109628,15791],{},[179,109630,109631,109633],{},[15,109632,2591],{}," is the item to remove",[179,109635,109636],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109638,109639],{},"Here is a small example:",[43,109641,109642],{"className":45,"code":109084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109643,109644,109664,109678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109645,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109647,3739],{"class":58},[52,109649,63],{"class":62},[52,109651,10612],{"class":84},[52,109653,3106],{"class":608},[52,109655,318],{"class":84},[52,109657,3111],{"class":608},[52,109659,318],{"class":84},[52,109661,609],{"class":608},[52,109663,9429],{"class":84},[52,109665,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109667,3771],{"class":58},[52,109669,92],{"class":84},[52,109671,34919],{"class":88},[52,109673,85],{"class":84},[52,109675,2172],{"class":608},[52,109677,329],{"class":84},[52,109679,109680,109682,109684,109686],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109681,81],{"class":80},[52,109683,85],{"class":84},[52,109685,3771],{"class":88},[52,109687,329],{"class":84},[20,109689,109690],{},[3865,109691,30156],{},[43,109693,109694],{"className":45,"code":101415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109695,109696],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109697,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109699,9398],{"class":84},[52,109701,3106],{"class":608},[52,109703,318],{"class":84},[52,109705,609],{"class":608},[52,109707,9429],{"class":84},[38,109709,11597],{"id":11596},[43,109711,109713],{"className":45,"code":109712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109714,109715,109747,109751,109769,109773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109716,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109718,36364],{"class":58},[52,109720,63],{"class":62},[52,109722,10612],{"class":84},[52,109724,100],{"class":66},[52,109726,4199],{"class":70},[52,109728,100],{"class":66},[52,109730,318],{"class":84},[52,109732,67],{"class":66},[52,109734,4208],{"class":70},[52,109736,100],{"class":66},[52,109738,318],{"class":84},[52,109740,67],{"class":66},[52,109742,33347],{"class":70},[52,109744,100],{"class":66},[52,109746,9429],{"class":84},[52,109748,109749],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109750,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,109752,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,109754,36416],{"class":58},[52,109756,92],{"class":84},[52,109758,34919],{"class":88},[52,109760,85],{"class":84},[52,109762,100],{"class":66},[52,109764,4208],{"class":70},[52,109766,100],{"class":66},[52,109768,329],{"class":84},[52,109770,109771],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,109772,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,109774,109775,109777,109779,109781],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,109776,81],{"class":80},[52,109778,85],{"class":84},[52,109780,36416],{"class":88},[52,109782,329],{"class":84},[20,109784,109785],{},[3865,109786,30156],{},[43,109788,109790],{"className":45,"code":109789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109791,109792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109793,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109795,9398],{"class":84},[52,109797,1888],{"class":66},[52,109799,4199],{"class":70},[52,109801,1888],{"class":66},[52,109803,318],{"class":84},[52,109805,3416],{"class":66},[52,109807,33347],{"class":70},[52,109809,1888],{"class":66},[52,109811,9429],{"class":84},[20,109813,109814,109815,109817],{},"This removes ",[15,109816,65395],{}," from the set.",[20,109819,109820,109821,109823,109824,92],{},"A set does ",[3865,109822,4752],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[289,109825,96449],{"href":98000},[38,109827,109829],{"id":109828},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109831,109832,109833,52617,109835,92],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109834,55651],{},[15,109836,19813],{},[43,109838,109840],{"className":45,"code":109839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109841,109842,109874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109843,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109845,13199],{"class":58},[52,109847,63],{"class":62},[52,109849,10612],{"class":84},[52,109851,100],{"class":66},[52,109853,13216],{"class":70},[52,109855,100],{"class":66},[52,109857,318],{"class":84},[52,109859,67],{"class":66},[52,109861,13233],{"class":70},[52,109863,100],{"class":66},[52,109865,318],{"class":84},[52,109867,67],{"class":66},[52,109869,17580],{"class":70},[52,109871,100],{"class":66},[52,109873,9429],{"class":84},[52,109875,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109877,17627],{"class":58},[52,109879,92],{"class":84},[52,109881,34919],{"class":88},[52,109883,85],{"class":84},[52,109885,100],{"class":66},[52,109887,22650],{"class":70},[52,109889,100],{"class":66},[52,109891,329],{"class":84},[20,109893,109894],{},[3865,109895,109896],{},"Result:",[43,109898,109900],{"className":45,"code":109899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109901,109902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109903,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109905,19813],{"class":1929},[52,109907,174],{"class":84},[52,109909,3416],{"class":66},[52,109911,22650],{"class":70},[52,109913,29826],{"class":66},[20,109915,22315,109916,109919],{},[15,109917,109918],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109921,109922,109923,109925],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109924,55651],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109927,109928,109929,92],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[289,109930,11385],{"href":11196},[38,109932,4319,109934,109936,109937],{"id":109933},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109935,55651],{}," is different from ",[15,109938,102971],{},[20,109940,109941,342,109943,109945],{},[15,109942,55651],{},[15,109944,102971],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[412,109947,109948],{"id":34919},[15,109949,55651],{},[176,109951,109952,109955],{},[179,109953,109954],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[179,109956,109957],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[43,109959,109961],{"className":45,"code":109960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109962,109963,109995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109964,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109966,36215],{"class":58},[52,109968,63],{"class":62},[52,109970,10612],{"class":84},[52,109972,100],{"class":66},[52,109974,289],{"class":70},[52,109976,100],{"class":66},[52,109978,318],{"class":84},[52,109980,67],{"class":66},[52,109982,4883],{"class":70},[52,109984,100],{"class":66},[52,109986,318],{"class":84},[52,109988,67],{"class":66},[52,109990,9860],{"class":70},[52,109992,100],{"class":66},[52,109994,9429],{"class":84},[52,109996,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,109998,36268],{"class":58},[52,110000,92],{"class":84},[52,110002,34919],{"class":88},[52,110004,85],{"class":84},[52,110006,100],{"class":66},[52,110008,18893],{"class":70},[52,110010,100],{"class":66},[52,110012,329],{"class":84},[20,110014,108771],{},[43,110016,110018],{"className":45,"code":110017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110019,110020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110021,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110023,19813],{"class":1929},[52,110025,174],{"class":84},[52,110027,3416],{"class":66},[52,110029,18893],{"class":70},[52,110031,29826],{"class":66},[412,110033,110034],{"id":103038},[15,110035,102971],{},[176,110037,110038,110040],{},[179,110039,109954],{},[179,110041,110042],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[43,110044,110046],{"className":45,"code":110045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110047,110048,110080,110098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110049,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058,110060,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110051,36215],{"class":58},[52,110053,63],{"class":62},[52,110055,10612],{"class":84},[52,110057,100],{"class":66},[52,110059,289],{"class":70},[52,110061,100],{"class":66},[52,110063,318],{"class":84},[52,110065,67],{"class":66},[52,110067,4883],{"class":70},[52,110069,100],{"class":66},[52,110071,318],{"class":84},[52,110073,67],{"class":66},[52,110075,9860],{"class":70},[52,110077,100],{"class":66},[52,110079,9429],{"class":84},[52,110081,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110083,36268],{"class":58},[52,110085,92],{"class":84},[52,110087,103038],{"class":88},[52,110089,85],{"class":84},[52,110091,100],{"class":66},[52,110093,18893],{"class":70},[52,110095,100],{"class":66},[52,110097,329],{"class":84},[52,110099,110100,110102,110104,110106],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,110101,81],{"class":80},[52,110103,85],{"class":84},[52,110105,36268],{"class":88},[52,110107,329],{"class":84},[20,110109,110110],{},[3865,110111,135],{},[43,110113,110115],{"className":45,"code":110114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110116,110117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110118,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110120,9398],{"class":84},[52,110122,1888],{"class":66},[52,110124,289],{"class":70},[52,110126,1888],{"class":66},[52,110128,318],{"class":84},[52,110130,3416],{"class":66},[52,110132,4883],{"class":70},[52,110134,1888],{"class":66},[52,110136,318],{"class":84},[52,110138,3416],{"class":66},[52,110140,9860],{"class":70},[52,110142,1888],{"class":66},[52,110144,9429],{"class":84},[20,110146,18820],{},[176,110148,110149,110154],{},[179,110150,110151,110153],{},[15,110152,55651],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[179,110155,110156,110158],{},[15,110157,102971],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110160,110161,110162,92],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[289,110163,96931,110164,1441],{"href":108574},[15,110165,102971],{},[38,110167,4640],{"id":4639},[412,110169,1725,110171,97311],{"id":110170},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110172,55651],{},[20,110174,110175,110177,110178,92],{},[15,110176,55651],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110179,3901],{},[20,110181,16769],{},[43,110183,110185],{"className":45,"code":110184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110186,110187,110219,110241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110188,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110190,13199],{"class":58},[52,110192,63],{"class":62},[52,110194,10612],{"class":84},[52,110196,100],{"class":66},[52,110198,13216],{"class":70},[52,110200,100],{"class":66},[52,110202,318],{"class":84},[52,110204,67],{"class":66},[52,110206,13233],{"class":70},[52,110208,100],{"class":66},[52,110210,318],{"class":84},[52,110212,67],{"class":66},[52,110214,17580],{"class":70},[52,110216,100],{"class":66},[52,110218,9429],{"class":84},[52,110220,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110222,13242],{"class":58},[52,110224,63],{"class":62},[52,110226,13247],{"class":58},[52,110228,92],{"class":84},[52,110230,34919],{"class":88},[52,110232,85],{"class":84},[52,110234,100],{"class":66},[52,110236,13233],{"class":70},[52,110238,100],{"class":66},[52,110240,329],{"class":84},[52,110242,110243,110245,110247,110249],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,110244,81],{"class":80},[52,110246,85],{"class":84},[52,110248,13266],{"class":88},[52,110250,329],{"class":84},[20,110252,110253],{},[3865,110254,135],{},[43,110256,110257],{"className":45,"code":11931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110258,110259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110260,110261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110262,11931],{"class":145},[20,110264,16781],{},[43,110266,110267],{"className":45,"code":109477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110268,110269,110301,110319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110270,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110272,13199],{"class":58},[52,110274,63],{"class":62},[52,110276,10612],{"class":84},[52,110278,100],{"class":66},[52,110280,13216],{"class":70},[52,110282,100],{"class":66},[52,110284,318],{"class":84},[52,110286,67],{"class":66},[52,110288,13233],{"class":70},[52,110290,100],{"class":66},[52,110292,318],{"class":84},[52,110294,67],{"class":66},[52,110296,17580],{"class":70},[52,110298,100],{"class":66},[52,110300,9429],{"class":84},[52,110302,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110304,17627],{"class":58},[52,110306,92],{"class":84},[52,110308,34919],{"class":88},[52,110310,85],{"class":84},[52,110312,100],{"class":66},[52,110314,13233],{"class":70},[52,110316,100],{"class":66},[52,110318,329],{"class":84},[52,110320,110321,110323,110325,110327],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,110322,81],{"class":80},[52,110324,85],{"class":84},[52,110326,17627],{"class":88},[52,110328,329],{"class":84},[412,110330,110332],{"id":110331},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110334,110335,110336,92],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110337,19813],{},[43,110339,110341],{"className":45,"code":110340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110342,110343,110367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110344,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110346,13199],{"class":58},[52,110348,63],{"class":62},[52,110350,10612],{"class":84},[52,110352,100],{"class":66},[52,110354,13216],{"class":70},[52,110356,100],{"class":66},[52,110358,318],{"class":84},[52,110360,67],{"class":66},[52,110362,13233],{"class":70},[52,110364,100],{"class":66},[52,110366,9429],{"class":84},[52,110368,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110370,17627],{"class":58},[52,110372,92],{"class":84},[52,110374,34919],{"class":88},[52,110376,85],{"class":84},[52,110378,100],{"class":66},[52,110380,17580],{"class":70},[52,110382,100],{"class":66},[52,110384,329],{"class":84},[20,110386,110387,110388,174],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110389,1638],{},[43,110391,110393],{"className":45,"code":110392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110394,110395,110419,110423,110439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110396,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110398,13199],{"class":58},[52,110400,63],{"class":62},[52,110402,10612],{"class":84},[52,110404,100],{"class":66},[52,110406,13216],{"class":70},[52,110408,100],{"class":66},[52,110410,318],{"class":84},[52,110412,67],{"class":66},[52,110414,13233],{"class":70},[52,110416,100],{"class":66},[52,110418,9429],{"class":84},[52,110420,110421],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110422,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,110424,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,110426,733],{"class":761},[52,110428,67],{"class":66},[52,110430,17580],{"class":70},[52,110432,100],{"class":66},[52,110434,1702],{"class":62},[52,110436,13247],{"class":58},[52,110438,804],{"class":84},[52,110440,110441,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,110442,110443],{"class":58},"    colors",[52,110445,92],{"class":84},[52,110447,34919],{"class":88},[52,110449,85],{"class":84},[52,110451,100],{"class":66},[52,110453,17580],{"class":70},[52,110455,100],{"class":66},[52,110457,329],{"class":84},[20,110459,110460,110461,110465],{},"Or use ",[289,110462,110463],{"href":108574},[15,110464,102971],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[412,110467,1632,110469,1635,110471],{"id":110468},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110470,102985],{},[15,110472,55197],{},[20,110474,110475],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110477,110478,110479,110481],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110480,102985],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110483,110484,110485,92],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[289,110486,99195],{"href":99194},[412,110488,110490],{"id":110489},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110492,108480],{},[20,110494,110495],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[38,110497,1940],{"id":1939},[412,110499,1944,110501,97410],{"id":110500},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110502,102985],{},[20,110504,110505,110506,92],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110507,3901],{},[412,110509,30413,110511,110513],{"id":110510},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110512,102985],{}," raise?",[20,110515,30419,110516,110518],{},[15,110517,19813],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[412,110520,21546,110522,32,110524,1993],{"id":110521},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110523,55651],{},[15,110525,102971],{},[20,110527,154,110528,110530,110531,110533],{},[15,110529,55651],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110532,102971],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[412,110535,1958,110537,110539],{"id":110536},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110538,102985],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110541,110542],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[38,110544,2005],{"id":2004},[176,110546,110547,110553,110559,110563,110567],{},[179,110548,110549],{},[289,110550,96931,110551,1441],{"href":108574},[15,110552,102971],{},[179,110554,110555],{},[289,110556,96931,110557,1441],{"href":98331},[15,110558,12885],{},[179,110560,110561],{},[289,110562,97455],{"href":98000},[179,110564,110565],{},[289,110566,100461],{"href":99194},[179,110568,110569],{},[289,110570,11385],{"href":11196},[2035,110572,110573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":110575},[110576,110577,110579,110580,110581,110582,110587,110595,110605],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":109577,"depth":77,"text":110578},"What set.remove() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":109828,"depth":77,"text":109829},{"id":109933,"depth":77,"text":110583,"children":110584},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110585,110586],{"id":34919,"depth":111,"text":55651},{"id":103038,"depth":111,"text":102971},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":110588},[110589,110591,110592,110594],{"id":110170,"depth":111,"text":110590},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110331,"depth":111,"text":110332},{"id":110468,"depth":111,"text":110593},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110489,"depth":111,"text":110490},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":110596},[110597,110599,110601,110603],{"id":110500,"depth":111,"text":110598},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110510,"depth":111,"text":110600},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110521,"depth":111,"text":110602},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110536,"depth":111,"text":110604},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109451,"description":110606},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110613,"title":110614,"body":110615,"description":111987,"extension":2078,"meta":111988,"navigation":221,"path":111989,"seo":111990,"stem":111991,"__hash__":111992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110616,"toc":111962},[110617,110623,110629,110632,110635,110649,110651,110732,110735,110740,110744,110758,110765,110767,110786,110789,110807,110809,110889,110891,110916,110920,110923,110931,110936,110941,110943,110956,110961,110964,110988,110991,110999,111001,111004,111101,111103,111136,111138,111164,111171,111174,111178,111186,111190,111198,111200,111290,111292,111306,111313,111318,111323,111325,111416,111418,111430,111432,111446,111452,111460,111462,111544,111546,111591,111594,111602,111605,111607,111611,111654,111656,111675,111680,111682,111767,111769,111774,111776,111783,111791,111797,111800,111802,111888,111890,111914,111918,111921,111923,111950,111960],[10,110618,96317,110620,18],{"id":110619},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110621,110622],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110624,110625,110628],{},[15,110626,110627],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110630,110631],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110633,110634],{},"Use it when:",[176,110636,110637,110640,110646],{},[179,110638,110639],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[179,110641,110642,110643,110645],{},"you do ",[3865,110644,4752],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[179,110647,110648],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[38,110650,3729],{"id":3728},[43,110652,110654],{"className":45,"code":110653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110655,110656,110676,110696,110700,110719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110657,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110659,2673],{"class":58},[52,110661,63],{"class":62},[52,110663,10612],{"class":84},[52,110665,3106],{"class":608},[52,110667,318],{"class":84},[52,110669,3111],{"class":608},[52,110671,318],{"class":84},[52,110673,609],{"class":608},[52,110675,9429],{"class":84},[52,110677,110678,110680,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110679,2701],{"class":58},[52,110681,63],{"class":62},[52,110683,10612],{"class":84},[52,110685,627],{"class":608},[52,110687,318],{"class":84},[52,110689,2575],{"class":608},[52,110691,318],{"class":84},[52,110693,4726],{"class":608},[52,110695,9429],{"class":84},[52,110697,110698],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,110699,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,110701,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710,110713,110715,110717],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,110703,2346],{"class":58},[52,110705,63],{"class":62},[52,110707,57010],{"class":58},[52,110709,92],{"class":84},[52,110711,110712],{"class":88},"symmetric_difference",[52,110714,85],{"class":84},[52,110716,4883],{"class":88},[52,110718,329],{"class":84},[52,110720,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,110722,81],{"class":80},[52,110724,85],{"class":84},[52,110726,2381],{"class":88},[52,110728,3784],{"class":84},[52,110730,110731],{"class":1479},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110733,110734],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[38,110736,166,110738,169],{"id":110737},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110739,110622],{},[20,110741,110742,174],{},[15,110743,110627],{},[176,110745,110746,110749,110752,110755],{},[179,110747,110748],{},"returns a new set",[179,110750,110751],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[179,110753,110754],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[179,110756,110757],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110759,96441,110760,32,110762,92],{},[289,110761,96445],{"href":96444},[289,110763,110764],{"href":96448},"creating a set in Python",[38,110766,296],{"id":295},[43,110768,110770],{"className":45,"code":110769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110771,110772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110773,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110775,100702],{"class":58},[52,110777,92],{"class":84},[52,110779,110712],{"class":88},[52,110781,85],{"class":84},[52,110783,100711],{"class":88},[52,110785,329],{"class":84},[20,110787,110788],{},"Notes:",[176,110790,110791,110796,110801,110804],{},[179,110792,110793,110795],{},[15,110794,100702],{}," must be a set",[179,110797,110798,110800],{},[15,110799,100711],{}," can be any iterable",[179,110802,110803],{},"the result is always a set",[179,110805,110806],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110808,197],{},[43,110810,110812],{"className":45,"code":110811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110813,110814,110835,110856,110860,110879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110815,110816,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110817,110818],{"class":58},"set1 ",[52,110820,63],{"class":62},[52,110822,10612],{"class":84},[52,110824,3106],{"class":608},[52,110826,318],{"class":84},[52,110828,3111],{"class":608},[52,110830,318],{"class":84},[52,110832,609],{"class":608},[52,110834,9429],{"class":84},[52,110836,110837,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,110838,110839],{"class":58},"set2 ",[52,110841,63],{"class":62},[52,110843,10612],{"class":84},[52,110845,627],{"class":608},[52,110847,318],{"class":84},[52,110849,2575],{"class":608},[52,110851,318],{"class":84},[52,110853,4726],{"class":608},[52,110855,9429],{"class":84},[52,110857,110858],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,110859,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,110861,110862,110864,110866,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,110863,2346],{"class":58},[52,110865,63],{"class":62},[52,110867,110868],{"class":58}," set1",[52,110870,92],{"class":84},[52,110872,110712],{"class":88},[52,110874,85],{"class":84},[52,110876,100711],{"class":88},[52,110878,329],{"class":84},[52,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,110882,81],{"class":80},[52,110884,85],{"class":84},[52,110886,2381],{"class":88},[52,110888,329],{"class":84},[20,110890,135],{},[43,110892,110894],{"className":45,"code":110893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110895,110896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110897,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110899,9398],{"class":84},[52,110901,3106],{"class":608},[52,110903,318],{"class":84},[52,110905,3111],{"class":608},[52,110907,318],{"class":84},[52,110909,2575],{"class":608},[52,110911,318],{"class":84},[52,110913,4726],{"class":608},[52,110915,9429],{"class":84},[38,110917,110919],{"id":110918},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110921,110922],{},"The result includes:",[176,110924,110925,110928],{},[179,110926,110927],{},"items only in the first set",[179,110929,110930],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110932,110933,110934,11205],{},"The result does ",[3865,110935,4752],{},[176,110937,110938],{},[179,110939,110940],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110942,5595],{},[176,110944,110945,110950],{},[179,110946,110947,110948],{},"first set: ",[15,110949,100399],{},[179,110951,110952,110953],{},"second set: ",[15,110954,110955],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110957,4169,110958,110960],{},[15,110959,627],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110962,110963],{},"The output is:",[43,110965,110966],{"className":45,"code":110893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110967,110968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110969,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110971,9398],{"class":84},[52,110973,3106],{"class":608},[52,110975,318],{"class":84},[52,110977,3111],{"class":608},[52,110979,318],{"class":84},[52,110981,2575],{"class":608},[52,110983,318],{"class":84},[52,110985,4726],{"class":608},[52,110987,9429],{"class":84},[20,110989,110990],{},"Also remember:",[176,110992,110993,110996],{},[179,110994,110995],{},"sets are unordered",[179,110997,110998],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[38,111000,11597],{"id":11596},[20,111002,111003],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[43,111005,111007],{"className":45,"code":111006,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111008,111009,111041,111065,111069,111087,111091],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111010,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111012,107142],{"class":58},[52,111014,63],{"class":62},[52,111016,10612],{"class":84},[52,111018,100],{"class":66},[52,111020,13216],{"class":70},[52,111022,100],{"class":66},[52,111024,318],{"class":84},[52,111026,67],{"class":66},[52,111028,13233],{"class":70},[52,111030,100],{"class":66},[52,111032,318],{"class":84},[52,111034,67],{"class":66},[52,111036,17580],{"class":70},[52,111038,100],{"class":66},[52,111040,9429],{"class":84},[52,111042,111043,111045,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111044,107175],{"class":58},[52,111046,63],{"class":62},[52,111048,10612],{"class":84},[52,111050,100],{"class":66},[52,111052,17580],{"class":70},[52,111054,100],{"class":66},[52,111056,318],{"class":84},[52,111058,67],{"class":66},[52,111060,22650],{"class":70},[52,111062,100],{"class":66},[52,111064,9429],{"class":84},[52,111066,111067],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,111068,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,111070,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,111072,2346],{"class":58},[52,111074,63],{"class":62},[52,111076,107217],{"class":58},[52,111078,92],{"class":84},[52,111080,110712],{"class":88},[52,111082,85],{"class":84},[52,111084,107226],{"class":88},[52,111086,329],{"class":84},[52,111088,111089],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,111090,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,111092,111093,111095,111097,111099],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,111094,81],{"class":80},[52,111096,85],{"class":84},[52,111098,2381],{"class":88},[52,111100,329],{"class":84},[20,111102,135],{},[43,111104,111106],{"className":45,"code":111105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111107,111108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111109,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111111,9398],{"class":84},[52,111113,1888],{"class":66},[52,111115,13216],{"class":70},[52,111117,1888],{"class":66},[52,111119,318],{"class":84},[52,111121,3416],{"class":66},[52,111123,13233],{"class":70},[52,111125,1888],{"class":66},[52,111127,318],{"class":84},[52,111129,3416],{"class":66},[52,111131,22650],{"class":70},[52,111133,1888],{"class":66},[52,111135,9429],{"class":84},[20,111137,13533],{},[176,111139,111140,111145,111156],{},[179,111141,111142,111144],{},[15,111143,96610],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[179,111146,111147,342,111149,111152,111153,111155],{},[15,111148,65513],{},[15,111150,111151],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111154,107279],{},", so they stay",[179,111157,111158,111160,111161,111163],{},[15,111159,109918],{}," is only in ",[15,111162,107226],{},", so it stays",[38,111165,111167,10707,111169],{"id":111166},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111168,110622],{},[15,111170,100531],{},[20,111172,111173],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111175,111176,174],{},[15,111177,100531],{},[176,111179,111180,111183],{},[179,111181,111182],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[179,111184,111185],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111187,111188,174],{},[15,111189,110622],{},[176,111191,111192,111195],{},[179,111193,111194],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[179,111196,111197],{},"removes shared items",[20,111199,197],{},[43,111201,111203],{"className":45,"code":111202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111204,111205,111225,111245,111249,111270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111206,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111208,2673],{"class":58},[52,111210,63],{"class":62},[52,111212,10612],{"class":84},[52,111214,3106],{"class":608},[52,111216,318],{"class":84},[52,111218,3111],{"class":608},[52,111220,318],{"class":84},[52,111222,609],{"class":608},[52,111224,9429],{"class":84},[52,111226,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111228,2701],{"class":58},[52,111230,63],{"class":62},[52,111232,10612],{"class":84},[52,111234,627],{"class":608},[52,111236,318],{"class":84},[52,111238,2575],{"class":608},[52,111240,318],{"class":84},[52,111242,4726],{"class":608},[52,111244,9429],{"class":84},[52,111246,111247],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,111248,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,111250,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,111252,81],{"class":80},[52,111254,85],{"class":84},[52,111256,289],{"class":88},[52,111258,92],{"class":84},[52,111260,2931],{"class":88},[52,111262,85],{"class":84},[52,111264,4883],{"class":88},[52,111266,5485],{"class":84},[52,111268,111269],{"class":1479},"            # {1, 2}\n",[52,111271,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,111273,81],{"class":80},[52,111275,85],{"class":84},[52,111277,289],{"class":88},[52,111279,92],{"class":84},[52,111281,110712],{"class":88},[52,111283,85],{"class":84},[52,111285,4883],{"class":88},[52,111287,5485],{"class":84},[52,111289,110731],{"class":1479},[20,111291,18820],{},[176,111293,111294,111301],{},[179,111295,111296,111300],{},[289,111297,111298],{"href":102957},[15,111299,100531],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[179,111302,111303,111305],{},[15,111304,110622],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[38,111307,111309,10707,111311],{"id":111308},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111310,110622],{},[15,111312,102916],{},[20,111314,111315,111317],{},[15,111316,102916],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111319,111320,111322],{},[15,111321,110622],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111324,197],{},[43,111326,111328],{"className":45,"code":111327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111329,111330,111350,111370,111374,111396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111331,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111333,2673],{"class":58},[52,111335,63],{"class":62},[52,111337,10612],{"class":84},[52,111339,3106],{"class":608},[52,111341,318],{"class":84},[52,111343,3111],{"class":608},[52,111345,318],{"class":84},[52,111347,609],{"class":608},[52,111349,9429],{"class":84},[52,111351,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111353,2701],{"class":58},[52,111355,63],{"class":62},[52,111357,10612],{"class":84},[52,111359,627],{"class":608},[52,111361,318],{"class":84},[52,111363,2575],{"class":608},[52,111365,318],{"class":84},[52,111367,4726],{"class":608},[52,111369,9429],{"class":84},[52,111371,111372],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,111373,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,111375,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111387,111389,111391,111393],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,111377,81],{"class":80},[52,111379,85],{"class":84},[52,111381,289],{"class":88},[52,111383,92],{"class":84},[52,111385,111386],{"class":88},"union",[52,111388,85],{"class":84},[52,111390,4883],{"class":88},[52,111392,5485],{"class":84},[52,111394,111395],{"class":1479},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,111397,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,111399,81],{"class":80},[52,111401,85],{"class":84},[52,111403,289],{"class":88},[52,111405,92],{"class":84},[52,111407,110712],{"class":88},[52,111409,85],{"class":84},[52,111411,4883],{"class":88},[52,111413,5485],{"class":84},[52,111415,110731],{"class":1479},[20,111417,27347],{},[176,111419,111420,111425],{},[179,111421,111422,111424],{},[15,111423,102916],{}," includes everything",[179,111426,111427,111429],{},[15,111428,110622],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111431,18820],{},[176,111433,111434,111441],{},[179,111435,111436,111440],{},[289,111437,111438],{"href":107847},[15,111439,102916],{}," when overlap does not matter",[179,111442,111443,111445],{},[15,111444,110622],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[38,111447,36738,111449,101715],{"id":111448},"using-the-operator",[15,111450,111451],{},"^",[20,111453,111454,111455,111457,111458,92],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111456,111451],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111459,110622],{},[20,111461,197],{},[43,111463,111465],{"className":45,"code":111464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111466,111467,111487,111507,111511,111529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111468,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483,111485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111470,110818],{"class":58},[52,111472,63],{"class":62},[52,111474,10612],{"class":84},[52,111476,3106],{"class":608},[52,111478,318],{"class":84},[52,111480,3111],{"class":608},[52,111482,318],{"class":84},[52,111484,609],{"class":608},[52,111486,9429],{"class":84},[52,111488,111489,111491,111493,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111490,110839],{"class":58},[52,111492,63],{"class":62},[52,111494,10612],{"class":84},[52,111496,627],{"class":608},[52,111498,318],{"class":84},[52,111500,2575],{"class":608},[52,111502,318],{"class":84},[52,111504,4726],{"class":608},[52,111506,9429],{"class":84},[52,111508,111509],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,111510,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,111512,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,111514,81],{"class":80},[52,111516,85],{"class":84},[52,111518,100702],{"class":88},[52,111520,92],{"class":84},[52,111522,110712],{"class":88},[52,111524,85],{"class":84},[52,111526,100711],{"class":88},[52,111528,108],{"class":84},[52,111530,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111542],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,111532,81],{"class":80},[52,111534,85],{"class":84},[52,111536,110818],{"class":88},[52,111538,111451],{"class":62},[52,111540,111541],{"class":88}," set2",[52,111543,329],{"class":84},[20,111545,30156],{},[43,111547,111549],{"className":45,"code":111548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111550,111551,111571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111552,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111554,9398],{"class":84},[52,111556,3106],{"class":608},[52,111558,318],{"class":84},[52,111560,3111],{"class":608},[52,111562,318],{"class":84},[52,111564,2575],{"class":608},[52,111566,318],{"class":84},[52,111568,4726],{"class":608},[52,111570,9429],{"class":84},[52,111572,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111574,9398],{"class":84},[52,111576,3106],{"class":608},[52,111578,318],{"class":84},[52,111580,3111],{"class":608},[52,111582,318],{"class":84},[52,111584,2575],{"class":608},[52,111586,318],{"class":84},[52,111588,4726],{"class":608},[52,111590,9429],{"class":84},[20,111592,111593],{},"Both forms:",[176,111595,111596,111599],{},[179,111597,111598],{},"return a new set",[179,111600,111601],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111603,111604],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[38,111606,4640],{"id":4639},[20,111608,21337,111609,174],{},[15,111610,110622],{},[176,111612,111613,111621,111631,111646],{},[179,111614,111615,111618,111620],{},[3865,111616,111617],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9967,111619],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[179,111622,111623,111626,111628,111630],{},[3865,111624,111625],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9967,111627],{},[15,111629,110622],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[179,111632,111633,111638,111640,111642,111643,111645],{},[3865,111634,111635,111636],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111637,100531],{},[9967,111639],{},[15,111641,100531],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111644,110622],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[179,111647,111648,111651,111653],{},[3865,111649,111650],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9967,111652],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111655,58985],{},[176,111657,111658,111666,111669,111672],{},[179,111659,50615,111660,1831,111662,1838],{},[15,111661,110622],{},[289,111663,111664],{"href":107847},[15,111665,102916],{},[179,111667,111668],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[179,111670,111671],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[179,111673,111674],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111676,111677,111678,92],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[289,111679,99195],{"href":105460},[20,111681,62416],{},[43,111683,111685],{"className":45,"code":111684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111686,111687,111697,111707,111725,111739,111753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111688,111689,111691,111693,111695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111690,81],{"class":80},[52,111692,85],{"class":84},[52,111694,100702],{"class":88},[52,111696,329],{"class":84},[52,111698,111699,111701,111703,111705],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111700,81],{"class":80},[52,111702,85],{"class":84},[52,111704,100711],{"class":88},[52,111706,329],{"class":84},[52,111708,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,111710,81],{"class":80},[52,111712,85],{"class":84},[52,111714,100702],{"class":88},[52,111716,92],{"class":84},[52,111718,110712],{"class":88},[52,111720,85],{"class":84},[52,111722,100711],{"class":88},[52,111724,108],{"class":84},[52,111726,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,111728,81],{"class":80},[52,111730,85],{"class":84},[52,111732,110818],{"class":88},[52,111734,111451],{"class":62},[52,111736,111541],{"class":88},[52,111738,329],{"class":84},[52,111740,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749,111751],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,111742,81],{"class":80},[52,111744,85],{"class":84},[52,111746,1930],{"class":1929},[52,111748,85],{"class":84},[52,111750,100702],{"class":88},[52,111752,108],{"class":84},[52,111754,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,111756,81],{"class":80},[52,111758,85],{"class":84},[52,111760,1930],{"class":1929},[52,111762,85],{"class":84},[52,111764,100711],{"class":88},[52,111766,108],{"class":84},[38,111768,1940],{"id":1939},[412,111770,1944,111772,102856],{"id":111771},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111773,110622],{},[20,111775,102859],{},[412,111777,1987,111779,342,111781,1993],{"id":111778},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111780,110622],{},[15,111782,100531],{},[20,111784,111785,111787,111788,111790],{},[15,111786,100531],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111789,110622],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[412,111792,28454,111794,111796],{"id":111793},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111795,110622],{}," with lists?",[20,111798,111799],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111801,197],{},[43,111803,111805],{"className":45,"code":111804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111806,111807,111827,111847,111851,111878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111808,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111810,80778],{"class":58},[52,111812,63],{"class":62},[52,111814,3744],{"class":84},[52,111816,3106],{"class":608},[52,111818,318],{"class":84},[52,111820,3111],{"class":608},[52,111822,318],{"class":84},[52,111824,609],{"class":608},[52,111826,3757],{"class":84},[52,111828,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,111830,80799],{"class":58},[52,111832,63],{"class":62},[52,111834,3744],{"class":84},[52,111836,627],{"class":608},[52,111838,318],{"class":84},[52,111840,2575],{"class":608},[52,111842,318],{"class":84},[52,111844,4726],{"class":608},[52,111846,3757],{"class":84},[52,111848,111849],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,111850,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,111852,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,111854,2346],{"class":58},[52,111856,63],{"class":62},[52,111858,15758],{"class":1929},[52,111860,85],{"class":84},[52,111862,111863],{"class":88},"list1",[52,111865,8753],{"class":84},[52,111867,110712],{"class":88},[52,111869,85],{"class":84},[52,111871,6410],{"class":1929},[52,111873,85],{"class":84},[52,111875,81065],{"class":88},[52,111877,108],{"class":84},[52,111879,111880,111882,111884,111886],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,111881,81],{"class":80},[52,111883,85],{"class":84},[52,111885,2381],{"class":88},[52,111887,329],{"class":84},[20,111889,135],{},[43,111891,111892],{"className":45,"code":110893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,111893,111894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111895,111896,111898,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111897,9398],{"class":84},[52,111899,3106],{"class":608},[52,111901,318],{"class":84},[52,111903,3111],{"class":608},[52,111905,318],{"class":84},[52,111907,2575],{"class":608},[52,111909,318],{"class":84},[52,111911,4726],{"class":608},[52,111913,9429],{"class":84},[412,111915,111917],{"id":111916},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111919,111920],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[38,111922,2005],{"id":2004},[176,111924,111925,111929,111934,111940,111946],{},[179,111926,111927],{},[289,111928,96445],{"href":96444},[179,111930,111931],{},[289,111932,111933],{"href":96448},"Creating a set in Python",[179,111935,111936],{},[289,111937,96931,111938,1441],{"href":102957},[15,111939,100531],{},[179,111941,111942],{},[289,111943,96931,111944,1441],{"href":107847},[15,111945,102916],{},[179,111947,111948],{},[289,111949,100461],{"href":105460},[20,111951,111952,111953,2305,111955,17198,111957,111959],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111954,100531],{},[15,111956,102916],{},[15,111958,110622],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2035,111961,57364],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":111963},[111964,111965,111967,111968,111969,111970,111972,111974,111976,111977,111986],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":110737,"depth":77,"text":111966},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":110918,"depth":77,"text":110919},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":111166,"depth":77,"text":111971},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111308,"depth":77,"text":111973},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111448,"depth":77,"text":111975},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":111978},[111979,111981,111983,111985],{"id":111771,"depth":111,"text":111980},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111778,"depth":111,"text":111982},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111793,"depth":111,"text":111984},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111916,"depth":111,"text":111917},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110614,"description":111987},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111994,"title":111995,"body":111996,"description":114059,"extension":2078,"meta":114060,"navigation":221,"path":107847,"seo":114061,"stem":114062,"__hash__":114063},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111997,"toc":114018},[111998,112003,112008,112011,112024,112026,112108,112113,112118,112122,112134,112137,112141,112143,112170,112172,112183,112186,112255,112257,112263,112266,112276,112278,112367,112372,112374,112381,112384,112386,112389,112509,112511,112580,112583,112600,112605,112608,112724,112726,112755,112758,112764,112769,112773,112854,112856,112884,112889,112893,112988,112990,113031,113035,113038,113105,113107,113148,113154,113169,113176,113183,113187,113193,113279,113283,113291,113362,113367,113374,113376,113382,113384,113449,113451,113467,113472,113475,113544,113548,113551,113610,113613,113617,113670,113683,113686,113739,113743,113745,113776,113779,113784,113837,113841,113844,113865,113877,113879,113932,113934,113939,113941,113947,113950,113956,113961,113965,113968,113976,113985,113987,114015],[10,111999,3696,112001,18],{"id":112000},"python-setunion-method",[15,112002,108160],{},[20,112004,112005,112007],{},[15,112006,108160],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112009,112010],{},"It is useful when you want:",[176,112012,112013,112016,112021],{},[179,112014,112015],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[179,112017,2673,112018,112020],{},[3865,112019,100886],{}," as the result",[179,112022,112023],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[38,112025,41],{"id":40},[43,112027,112029],{"className":45,"code":112028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112030,112031,112051,112071,112075,112093,112103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112032,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112034,110818],{"class":58},[52,112036,63],{"class":62},[52,112038,10612],{"class":84},[52,112040,3106],{"class":608},[52,112042,318],{"class":84},[52,112044,3111],{"class":608},[52,112046,318],{"class":84},[52,112048,609],{"class":608},[52,112050,9429],{"class":84},[52,112052,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112054,110839],{"class":58},[52,112056,63],{"class":62},[52,112058,10612],{"class":84},[52,112060,627],{"class":608},[52,112062,318],{"class":84},[52,112064,2575],{"class":608},[52,112066,318],{"class":84},[52,112068,4726],{"class":608},[52,112070,9429],{"class":84},[52,112072,112073],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112074,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112076,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112078,2346],{"class":58},[52,112080,63],{"class":62},[52,112082,110868],{"class":58},[52,112084,92],{"class":84},[52,112086,111386],{"class":88},[52,112088,85],{"class":84},[52,112090,100711],{"class":88},[52,112092,329],{"class":84},[52,112094,112095,112097,112099,112101],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112096,81],{"class":80},[52,112098,85],{"class":84},[52,112100,2381],{"class":88},[52,112102,329],{"class":84},[52,112104,112105],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,112106,112107],{"class":1479},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112109,112110,112112],{},[15,112111,102916],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[38,112114,166,112116,169],{"id":112115},"what-setunion-does",[15,112117,108160],{},[20,112119,112120,174],{},[15,112121,108160],{},[176,112123,112124,112127,112130,112132],{},[179,112125,112126],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[179,112128,112129],{},"keeps only unique values",[179,112131,110748],{},[179,112133,110757],{},[20,112135,112136],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112138,96441,112139,92],{},[289,112140,96445],{"href":97616},[38,112142,296],{"id":295},[43,112144,112146],{"className":45,"code":112145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112147,112148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112149,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112151,100702],{"class":58},[52,112153,92],{"class":84},[52,112155,111386],{"class":88},[52,112157,85],{"class":84},[52,112159,100711],{"class":88},[52,112161,318],{"class":84},[52,112163,100738],{"class":88},[52,112165,318],{"class":84},[52,112167,34580],{"class":80},[52,112169,329],{"class":84},[20,112171,13175],{},[176,112173,112174,112177,112180],{},[179,112175,112176],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[179,112178,112179],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[179,112181,112182],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112184,112185],{},"Example with two sets:",[43,112187,112189],{"className":45,"code":112188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112190,112191,112207,112223,112227,112245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112192,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112194,2673],{"class":58},[52,112196,63],{"class":62},[52,112198,10612],{"class":84},[52,112200,3106],{"class":608},[52,112202,318],{"class":84},[52,112204,3111],{"class":608},[52,112206,9429],{"class":84},[52,112208,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112210,2701],{"class":58},[52,112212,63],{"class":62},[52,112214,10612],{"class":84},[52,112216,2172],{"class":608},[52,112218,318],{"class":84},[52,112220,609],{"class":608},[52,112222,9429],{"class":84},[52,112224,112225],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112226,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112228,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112230,2346],{"class":58},[52,112232,63],{"class":62},[52,112234,57010],{"class":58},[52,112236,92],{"class":84},[52,112238,111386],{"class":88},[52,112240,85],{"class":84},[52,112242,4883],{"class":88},[52,112244,329],{"class":84},[52,112246,112247,112249,112251,112253],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112248,81],{"class":80},[52,112250,85],{"class":84},[52,112252,2381],{"class":88},[52,112254,329],{"class":84},[38,112256,22096],{"id":22095},[20,112258,112259,100883,112261,92],{},[15,112260,108160],{},[3865,112262,100886],{},[20,112264,112265],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[176,112267,112268,112271],{},[179,112269,112270],{},"the original set",[179,112272,112273,112274],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112275,102916],{},[20,112277,197],{},[43,112279,112281],{"className":45,"code":112280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112282,112283,112299,112315,112319,112337,112341,112354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112284,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112286,2673],{"class":58},[52,112288,63],{"class":62},[52,112290,10612],{"class":84},[52,112292,3106],{"class":608},[52,112294,318],{"class":84},[52,112296,3111],{"class":608},[52,112298,9429],{"class":84},[52,112300,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112302,2701],{"class":58},[52,112304,63],{"class":62},[52,112306,10612],{"class":84},[52,112308,2172],{"class":608},[52,112310,318],{"class":84},[52,112312,609],{"class":608},[52,112314,9429],{"class":84},[52,112316,112317],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112318,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112320,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112322,2346],{"class":58},[52,112324,63],{"class":62},[52,112326,57010],{"class":58},[52,112328,92],{"class":84},[52,112330,111386],{"class":88},[52,112332,85],{"class":84},[52,112334,4883],{"class":88},[52,112336,329],{"class":84},[52,112338,112339],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112340,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112342,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,112344,81],{"class":80},[52,112346,85],{"class":84},[52,112348,2381],{"class":88},[52,112350,3784],{"class":84},[52,112352,112353],{"class":1479},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,112355,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,112357,81],{"class":80},[52,112359,85],{"class":84},[52,112361,289],{"class":88},[52,112363,3784],{"class":84},[52,112365,112366],{"class":1479},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112368,2403,112369,112371],{},[15,112370,289],{}," did not change.",[20,112373,110990],{},[176,112375,112376,112378],{},[179,112377,110995],{},[179,112379,112380],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112382,112383],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[38,112385,11597],{"id":11596},[20,112387,112388],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[43,112390,112392],{"className":45,"code":112391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112393,112394,112427,112460,112464,112484,112488,112498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112395,112396,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112397,112398],{"class":58},"fruits1 ",[52,112400,63],{"class":62},[52,112402,10612],{"class":84},[52,112404,100],{"class":66},[52,112406,4199],{"class":70},[52,112408,100],{"class":66},[52,112410,318],{"class":84},[52,112412,67],{"class":66},[52,112414,4208],{"class":70},[52,112416,100],{"class":66},[52,112418,318],{"class":84},[52,112420,67],{"class":66},[52,112422,33347],{"class":70},[52,112424,100],{"class":66},[52,112426,9429],{"class":84},[52,112428,112429,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112430,112431],{"class":58},"fruits2 ",[52,112433,63],{"class":62},[52,112435,10612],{"class":84},[52,112437,100],{"class":66},[52,112439,4208],{"class":70},[52,112441,100],{"class":66},[52,112443,318],{"class":84},[52,112445,67],{"class":66},[52,112447,22659],{"class":70},[52,112449,100],{"class":66},[52,112451,318],{"class":84},[52,112453,67],{"class":66},[52,112455,33347],{"class":70},[52,112457,100],{"class":66},[52,112459,9429],{"class":84},[52,112461,112462],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112463,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112465,112466,112468,112470,112473,112475,112477,112479,112482],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112467,2346],{"class":58},[52,112469,63],{"class":62},[52,112471,112472],{"class":58}," fruits1",[52,112474,92],{"class":84},[52,112476,111386],{"class":88},[52,112478,85],{"class":84},[52,112480,112481],{"class":88},"fruits2",[52,112483,329],{"class":84},[52,112485,112486],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112487,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112489,112490,112492,112494,112496],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,112491,81],{"class":80},[52,112493,85],{"class":84},[52,112495,2381],{"class":88},[52,112497,329],{"class":84},[52,112499,112500,112502,112504,112507],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,112501,81],{"class":80},[52,112503,85],{"class":84},[52,112505,112506],{"class":88},"fruits1",[52,112508,329],{"class":84},[20,112510,30156],{},[43,112512,112514],{"className":45,"code":112513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112515,112516,112552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112517,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112519,9398],{"class":84},[52,112521,1888],{"class":66},[52,112523,4208],{"class":70},[52,112525,1888],{"class":66},[52,112527,318],{"class":84},[52,112529,3416],{"class":66},[52,112531,33347],{"class":70},[52,112533,1888],{"class":66},[52,112535,318],{"class":84},[52,112537,3416],{"class":66},[52,112539,4199],{"class":70},[52,112541,1888],{"class":66},[52,112543,318],{"class":84},[52,112545,3416],{"class":66},[52,112547,22659],{"class":70},[52,112549,1888],{"class":66},[52,112551,9429],{"class":84},[52,112553,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112555,9398],{"class":84},[52,112557,1888],{"class":66},[52,112559,4208],{"class":70},[52,112561,1888],{"class":66},[52,112563,318],{"class":84},[52,112565,3416],{"class":66},[52,112567,33347],{"class":70},[52,112569,1888],{"class":66},[52,112571,318],{"class":84},[52,112573,3416],{"class":66},[52,112575,4199],{"class":70},[52,112577,1888],{"class":66},[52,112579,9429],{"class":84},[20,112581,112582],{},"What this shows:",[176,112584,112585,112592,112595],{},[179,112586,112587,342,112589,112591],{},[15,112588,65395],{},[15,112590,65822],{}," appear in both sets",[179,112593,112594],{},"they appear only once in the result",[179,112596,112597,112599],{},[15,112598,112506],{}," stays unchanged",[38,112601,1828,112603,101275],{"id":112602},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112604,102916],{},[20,112606,112607],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[43,112609,112611],{"className":45,"code":112610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112612,112613,112629,112645,112662,112679,112683,112710,112714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112616,110818],{"class":58},[52,112618,63],{"class":62},[52,112620,10612],{"class":84},[52,112622,3106],{"class":608},[52,112624,318],{"class":84},[52,112626,3111],{"class":608},[52,112628,9429],{"class":84},[52,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112632,110839],{"class":58},[52,112634,63],{"class":62},[52,112636,10612],{"class":84},[52,112638,2172],{"class":608},[52,112640,318],{"class":84},[52,112642,609],{"class":608},[52,112644,9429],{"class":84},[52,112646,112647,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112648,112649],{"class":58},"set3 ",[52,112651,63],{"class":62},[52,112653,10612],{"class":84},[52,112655,627],{"class":608},[52,112657,318],{"class":84},[52,112659,2575],{"class":608},[52,112661,9429],{"class":84},[52,112663,112664,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112665,112666],{"class":58},"set4 ",[52,112668,63],{"class":62},[52,112670,10612],{"class":84},[52,112672,2623],{"class":608},[52,112674,318],{"class":84},[52,112676,4726],{"class":608},[52,112678,9429],{"class":84},[52,112680,112681],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112682,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112684,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112708],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,112686,2346],{"class":58},[52,112688,63],{"class":62},[52,112690,110868],{"class":58},[52,112692,92],{"class":84},[52,112694,111386],{"class":88},[52,112696,85],{"class":84},[52,112698,100711],{"class":88},[52,112700,318],{"class":84},[52,112702,100738],{"class":88},[52,112704,318],{"class":84},[52,112706,112707],{"class":88}," set4",[52,112709,329],{"class":84},[52,112711,112712],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,112713,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112715,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,112717,81],{"class":80},[52,112719,85],{"class":84},[52,112721,2381],{"class":88},[52,112723,329],{"class":84},[20,112725,30156],{},[43,112727,112729],{"className":45,"code":112728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112730,112731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112732,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112734,9398],{"class":84},[52,112736,3106],{"class":608},[52,112738,318],{"class":84},[52,112740,3111],{"class":608},[52,112742,318],{"class":84},[52,112744,609],{"class":608},[52,112746,318],{"class":84},[52,112748,2575],{"class":608},[52,112750,318],{"class":84},[52,112752,4726],{"class":608},[52,112754,9429],{"class":84},[20,112756,112757],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[38,112759,1828,112761,112763],{"id":112760},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112762,102916],{}," with other iterables",[20,112765,112766,112768],{},[15,112767,102916],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[412,112770,112772],{"id":112771},"with-a-list","With a list",[43,112774,112776],{"className":45,"code":112775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112777,112778,112798,112822,112826,112844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112779,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112781,3739],{"class":58},[52,112783,63],{"class":62},[52,112785,10612],{"class":84},[52,112787,3106],{"class":608},[52,112789,318],{"class":84},[52,112791,3111],{"class":608},[52,112793,318],{"class":84},[52,112795,609],{"class":608},[52,112797,9429],{"class":84},[52,112799,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112801,61169],{"class":58},[52,112803,63],{"class":62},[52,112805,3744],{"class":84},[52,112807,627],{"class":608},[52,112809,318],{"class":84},[52,112811,2575],{"class":608},[52,112813,318],{"class":84},[52,112815,4726],{"class":608},[52,112817,318],{"class":84},[52,112819,4726],{"class":608},[52,112821,3757],{"class":84},[52,112823,112824],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112825,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112829,2346],{"class":58},[52,112831,63],{"class":62},[52,112833,4384],{"class":58},[52,112835,92],{"class":84},[52,112837,111386],{"class":88},[52,112839,85],{"class":84},[52,112841,61198],{"class":88},[52,112843,329],{"class":84},[52,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112847,81],{"class":80},[52,112849,85],{"class":84},[52,112851,2381],{"class":88},[52,112853,329],{"class":84},[20,112855,30156],{},[43,112857,112858],{"className":45,"code":112728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112859,112860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112861,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112863,9398],{"class":84},[52,112865,3106],{"class":608},[52,112867,318],{"class":84},[52,112869,3111],{"class":608},[52,112871,318],{"class":84},[52,112873,609],{"class":608},[52,112875,318],{"class":84},[52,112877,2575],{"class":608},[52,112879,318],{"class":84},[52,112881,4726],{"class":608},[52,112883,9429],{"class":84},[20,112885,21104,112886,112888],{},[15,112887,2252],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[412,112890,112892],{"id":112891},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[43,112894,112896],{"className":45,"code":112895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112897,112898,112922,112955,112959,112978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112899,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112901,36215],{"class":58},[52,112903,63],{"class":62},[52,112905,10612],{"class":84},[52,112907,100],{"class":66},[52,112909,289],{"class":70},[52,112911,100],{"class":66},[52,112913,318],{"class":84},[52,112915,67],{"class":66},[52,112917,4883],{"class":70},[52,112919,100],{"class":66},[52,112921,9429],{"class":84},[52,112923,112924,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,112925,112926],{"class":58},"more_letters ",[52,112928,63],{"class":62},[52,112930,1370],{"class":84},[52,112932,100],{"class":66},[52,112934,4883],{"class":70},[52,112936,100],{"class":66},[52,112938,318],{"class":84},[52,112940,67],{"class":66},[52,112942,9860],{"class":70},[52,112944,100],{"class":66},[52,112946,318],{"class":84},[52,112948,67],{"class":66},[52,112950,18893],{"class":70},[52,112952,100],{"class":66},[52,112954,329],{"class":84},[52,112956,112957],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,112958,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112976],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,112962,2346],{"class":58},[52,112964,63],{"class":62},[52,112966,70216],{"class":58},[52,112968,92],{"class":84},[52,112970,111386],{"class":88},[52,112972,85],{"class":84},[52,112974,112975],{"class":88},"more_letters",[52,112977,329],{"class":84},[52,112979,112980,112982,112984,112986],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,112981,81],{"class":80},[52,112983,85],{"class":84},[52,112985,2381],{"class":88},[52,112987,329],{"class":84},[20,112989,30156],{},[43,112991,112993],{"className":45,"code":112992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112994,112995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112996,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112998,9398],{"class":84},[52,113000,1888],{"class":66},[52,113002,289],{"class":70},[52,113004,1888],{"class":66},[52,113006,318],{"class":84},[52,113008,3416],{"class":66},[52,113010,4883],{"class":70},[52,113012,1888],{"class":66},[52,113014,318],{"class":84},[52,113016,3416],{"class":66},[52,113018,9860],{"class":70},[52,113020,1888],{"class":66},[52,113022,318],{"class":84},[52,113024,3416],{"class":66},[52,113026,18893],{"class":70},[52,113028,1888],{"class":66},[52,113030,9429],{"class":84},[412,113032,113034],{"id":113033},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113036,113037],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[43,113039,113041],{"className":45,"code":113040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113042,113043,113068,113091,113095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113044,113045,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113046,113047],{"class":58},"chars ",[52,113049,63],{"class":62},[52,113051,10612],{"class":84},[52,113053,100],{"class":66},[52,113055,289],{"class":70},[52,113057,100],{"class":66},[52,113059,318],{"class":84},[52,113061,67],{"class":66},[52,113063,4883],{"class":70},[52,113065,100],{"class":66},[52,113067,9429],{"class":84},[52,113069,113070,113072,113074,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113071,2346],{"class":58},[52,113073,63],{"class":62},[52,113075,113076],{"class":58}," chars",[52,113078,92],{"class":84},[52,113080,111386],{"class":88},[52,113082,85],{"class":84},[52,113084,100],{"class":66},[52,113086,37173],{"class":70},[52,113088,100],{"class":66},[52,113090,329],{"class":84},[52,113092,113093],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113094,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113096,113097,113099,113101,113103],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113098,81],{"class":80},[52,113100,85],{"class":84},[52,113102,2381],{"class":88},[52,113104,329],{"class":84},[20,113106,30156],{},[43,113108,113110],{"className":45,"code":113109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113111,113112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113113,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113115,9398],{"class":84},[52,113117,1888],{"class":66},[52,113119,289],{"class":70},[52,113121,1888],{"class":66},[52,113123,318],{"class":84},[52,113125,3416],{"class":66},[52,113127,4883],{"class":70},[52,113129,1888],{"class":66},[52,113131,318],{"class":84},[52,113133,3416],{"class":66},[52,113135,9860],{"class":70},[52,113137,1888],{"class":66},[52,113139,318],{"class":84},[52,113141,3416],{"class":66},[52,113143,63408],{"class":70},[52,113145,1888],{"class":66},[52,113147,9429],{"class":84},[20,113149,22315,113150,113153],{},[15,113151,113152],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[176,113155,113156,113160,113164],{},[179,113157,113158],{},[15,113159,66601],{},[179,113161,113162],{},[15,113163,18221],{},[179,113165,113166],{},[15,113167,113168],{},"\"t\"",[38,113170,113172,10707,113174],{"id":113171},"union-vs-update",[15,113173,102916],{},[15,113175,15078],{},[20,113177,113178,342,113180,113182],{},[15,113179,102916],{},[15,113181,15078],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[412,113184,113185],{"id":111386},[15,113186,102916],{},[176,113188,113189,113191],{},[179,113190,110748],{},[179,113192,110757],{},[43,113194,113195],{"className":45,"code":112280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113196,113197,113213,113229,113233,113251,113255,113267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113200,2673],{"class":58},[52,113202,63],{"class":62},[52,113204,10612],{"class":84},[52,113206,3106],{"class":608},[52,113208,318],{"class":84},[52,113210,3111],{"class":608},[52,113212,9429],{"class":84},[52,113214,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113216,2701],{"class":58},[52,113218,63],{"class":62},[52,113220,10612],{"class":84},[52,113222,2172],{"class":608},[52,113224,318],{"class":84},[52,113226,609],{"class":608},[52,113228,9429],{"class":84},[52,113230,113231],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113232,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113234,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113236,2346],{"class":58},[52,113238,63],{"class":62},[52,113240,57010],{"class":58},[52,113242,92],{"class":84},[52,113244,111386],{"class":88},[52,113246,85],{"class":84},[52,113248,4883],{"class":88},[52,113250,329],{"class":84},[52,113252,113253],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,113254,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113256,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,113258,81],{"class":80},[52,113260,85],{"class":84},[52,113262,2381],{"class":88},[52,113264,3784],{"class":84},[52,113266,112353],{"class":1479},[52,113268,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,113270,81],{"class":80},[52,113272,85],{"class":84},[52,113274,289],{"class":88},[52,113276,3784],{"class":84},[52,113278,112366],{"class":1479},[412,113280,113281],{"id":30590},[15,113282,15078],{},[176,113284,113285,113288],{},[179,113286,113287],{},"changes the existing set in place",[179,113289,113290],{},"does not create a separate result set",[43,113292,113294],{"className":45,"code":113293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113295,113296,113312,113328,113332,113346,113350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113297,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113299,2673],{"class":58},[52,113301,63],{"class":62},[52,113303,10612],{"class":84},[52,113305,3106],{"class":608},[52,113307,318],{"class":84},[52,113309,3111],{"class":608},[52,113311,9429],{"class":84},[52,113313,113314,113316,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113315,2701],{"class":58},[52,113317,63],{"class":62},[52,113319,10612],{"class":84},[52,113321,2172],{"class":608},[52,113323,318],{"class":84},[52,113325,609],{"class":608},[52,113327,9429],{"class":84},[52,113329,113330],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113331,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113333,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113335,289],{"class":58},[52,113337,92],{"class":84},[52,113339,30590],{"class":88},[52,113341,85],{"class":84},[52,113343,4883],{"class":88},[52,113345,329],{"class":84},[52,113347,113348],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,113349,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113351,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,113353,81],{"class":80},[52,113355,85],{"class":84},[52,113357,289],{"class":88},[52,113359,3784],{"class":84},[52,113361,112353],{"class":1479},[20,113363,154,113364,113366],{},[15,113365,102916],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113368,113369,113370,92],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[289,113371,3696,113372,1441],{"href":98636},[15,113373,97431],{},[38,113375,4640],{"id":4639},[412,113377,1725,113379,113381],{"id":113378},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113380,102916],{}," to change the original set",[20,113383,81947],{},[43,113385,113387],{"className":45,"code":113386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113388,113389,113405,113421,113425,113439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113390,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113392,2673],{"class":58},[52,113394,63],{"class":62},[52,113396,10612],{"class":84},[52,113398,3106],{"class":608},[52,113400,318],{"class":84},[52,113402,3111],{"class":608},[52,113404,9429],{"class":84},[52,113406,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113408,2701],{"class":58},[52,113410,63],{"class":62},[52,113412,10612],{"class":84},[52,113414,2172],{"class":608},[52,113416,318],{"class":84},[52,113418,609],{"class":608},[52,113420,9429],{"class":84},[52,113422,113423],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113424,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113426,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435,113437],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113428,289],{"class":58},[52,113430,92],{"class":84},[52,113432,111386],{"class":88},[52,113434,85],{"class":84},[52,113436,4883],{"class":88},[52,113438,329],{"class":84},[52,113440,113441,113443,113445,113447],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,113442,81],{"class":80},[52,113444,85],{"class":84},[52,113446,289],{"class":88},[52,113448,329],{"class":84},[20,113450,135],{},[43,113452,113453],{"className":45,"code":100624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113454,113455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113456,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113458,9398],{"class":84},[52,113460,3106],{"class":608},[52,113462,318],{"class":84},[52,113464,3111],{"class":608},[52,113466,9429],{"class":84},[20,113468,8617,113469,113471],{},[15,113470,102916],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113473,113474],{},"Fix it like this:",[43,113476,113478],{"className":45,"code":113477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113479,113480,113496,113512,113516,113534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113483,2673],{"class":58},[52,113485,63],{"class":62},[52,113487,10612],{"class":84},[52,113489,3106],{"class":608},[52,113491,318],{"class":84},[52,113493,3111],{"class":608},[52,113495,9429],{"class":84},[52,113497,113498,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113499,2701],{"class":58},[52,113501,63],{"class":62},[52,113503,10612],{"class":84},[52,113505,2172],{"class":608},[52,113507,318],{"class":84},[52,113509,609],{"class":608},[52,113511,9429],{"class":84},[52,113513,113514],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113515,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113517,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113519,2673],{"class":58},[52,113521,63],{"class":62},[52,113523,57010],{"class":58},[52,113525,92],{"class":84},[52,113527,111386],{"class":88},[52,113529,85],{"class":84},[52,113531,4883],{"class":88},[52,113533,329],{"class":84},[52,113535,113536,113538,113540,113542],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,113537,81],{"class":80},[52,113539,85],{"class":84},[52,113541,289],{"class":88},[52,113543,329],{"class":84},[412,113545,113547],{"id":113546},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113549,113550],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[43,113552,113554],{"className":45,"code":113553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113555,113556,113572,113588,113592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113557,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113559,2673],{"class":58},[52,113561,63],{"class":62},[52,113563,10612],{"class":84},[52,113565,627],{"class":608},[52,113567,318],{"class":84},[52,113569,5621],{"class":608},[52,113571,9429],{"class":84},[52,113573,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113575,2701],{"class":58},[52,113577,63],{"class":62},[52,113579,10612],{"class":84},[52,113581,2172],{"class":608},[52,113583,318],{"class":84},[52,113585,2575],{"class":608},[52,113587,9429],{"class":84},[52,113589,113590],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113591,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,113593,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113595,81],{"class":80},[52,113597,85],{"class":84},[52,113599,289],{"class":88},[52,113601,92],{"class":84},[52,113603,111386],{"class":88},[52,113605,85],{"class":84},[52,113607,4883],{"class":88},[52,113609,108],{"class":84},[20,113611,113612],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[412,113614,113616],{"id":113615},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[43,113618,113620],{"className":45,"code":113619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113621,113622,113638,113660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113623,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113625,4190],{"class":58},[52,113627,63],{"class":62},[52,113629,10612],{"class":84},[52,113631,100],{"class":66},[52,113633,58250],{"class":70},[52,113635,100],{"class":66},[52,113637,9429],{"class":84},[52,113639,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654,113656,113658],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113641,2346],{"class":58},[52,113643,63],{"class":62},[52,113645,6291],{"class":58},[52,113647,92],{"class":84},[52,113649,111386],{"class":88},[52,113651,85],{"class":84},[52,113653,100],{"class":66},[52,113655,37173],{"class":70},[52,113657,100],{"class":66},[52,113659,329],{"class":84},[52,113661,113662,113664,113666,113668],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113663,81],{"class":80},[52,113665,85],{"class":84},[52,113667,2381],{"class":88},[52,113669,329],{"class":84},[20,113671,113672,113673,2305,113675,17198,113677,113679,113680,113682],{},"This adds ",[15,113674,66601],{},[15,113676,18221],{},[15,113678,113168],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113681,113152],{}," as one item.",[20,113684,113685],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[43,113687,113689],{"className":45,"code":113688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113690,113691,113707,113729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113692,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113694,4190],{"class":58},[52,113696,63],{"class":62},[52,113698,10612],{"class":84},[52,113700,100],{"class":66},[52,113702,58250],{"class":70},[52,113704,100],{"class":66},[52,113706,9429],{"class":84},[52,113708,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719,113721,113723,113725,113727],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113710,2346],{"class":58},[52,113712,63],{"class":62},[52,113714,6291],{"class":58},[52,113716,92],{"class":84},[52,113718,111386],{"class":88},[52,113720,3103],{"class":84},[52,113722,100],{"class":66},[52,113724,37173],{"class":70},[52,113726,100],{"class":66},[52,113728,4009],{"class":84},[52,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113732,81],{"class":80},[52,113734,85],{"class":84},[52,113736,2381],{"class":88},[52,113738,329],{"class":84},[412,113740,113742],{"id":113741},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113744,2955],{},[43,113746,113748],{"className":45,"code":113747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113749,113750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113751,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113753,15753],{"class":58},[52,113755,63],{"class":62},[52,113757,10612],{"class":84},[52,113759,3106],{"class":608},[52,113761,318],{"class":84},[52,113763,3111],{"class":608},[52,113765,318],{"class":84},[52,113767,3744],{"class":84},[52,113769,627],{"class":608},[52,113771,318],{"class":84},[52,113773,2575],{"class":608},[52,113775,13830],{"class":84},[20,113777,113778],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113780,113781,113782,174],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113783,102916],{},[43,113785,113787],{"className":45,"code":113786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113788,113789,113805,113827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113792,15753],{"class":58},[52,113794,63],{"class":62},[52,113796,10612],{"class":84},[52,113798,3106],{"class":608},[52,113800,318],{"class":84},[52,113802,3111],{"class":608},[52,113804,9429],{"class":84},[52,113806,113807,113809,113811,113813,113815,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113808,2346],{"class":58},[52,113810,63],{"class":62},[52,113812,97041],{"class":58},[52,113814,92],{"class":84},[52,113816,111386],{"class":88},[52,113818,3103],{"class":84},[52,113820,627],{"class":608},[52,113822,318],{"class":84},[52,113824,2575],{"class":608},[52,113826,4009],{"class":84},[52,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113830,81],{"class":80},[52,113832,85],{"class":84},[52,113834,2381],{"class":88},[52,113836,329],{"class":84},[38,113838,113840],{"id":113839},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113842,113843],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[176,113845,113846,113852,113859,113862],{},[179,113847,113848,113849,113851],{},"call ",[15,113850,102916],{}," without saving the returned set",[179,113853,113854,113855,1635,113857],{},"confuse ",[15,113856,102916],{},[15,113858,15078],{},[179,113860,113861],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[179,113863,113864],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113866,113867,113868,342,113872,92],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[289,113869,3696,113870,1441],{"href":102905},[15,113871,106690],{},[289,113873,3696,113875,1441],{"href":113874},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113876,100536],{},[20,113878,62416],{},[43,113880,113882],{"className":45,"code":113881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113883,113884,113894,113908,113918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113885,113886,113888,113890,113892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113887,81],{"class":80},[52,113889,85],{"class":84},[52,113891,15791],{"class":88},[52,113893,329],{"class":84},[52,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,113897,81],{"class":80},[52,113899,85],{"class":84},[52,113901,1930],{"class":1929},[52,113903,85],{"class":84},[52,113905,15791],{"class":88},[52,113907,108],{"class":84},[52,113909,113910,113912,113914,113916],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,113911,81],{"class":80},[52,113913,85],{"class":84},[52,113915,2381],{"class":88},[52,113917,329],{"class":84},[52,113919,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,113921,32278],{"class":80},[52,113923,85],{"class":84},[52,113925,6410],{"class":1929},[52,113927,92],{"class":84},[52,113929,111386],{"class":1803},[52,113931,329],{"class":84},[38,113933,1940],{"id":1939},[412,113935,1944,113937,102856],{"id":113936},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113938,108160],{},[20,113940,102859],{},[412,113942,1958,113944,113946],{"id":113943},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113945,102916],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113948,113949],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[412,113951,28454,113953,113955],{"id":113952},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113954,102916],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113957,42277,113958,113960],{},[15,113959,102916],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[412,113962,113964],{"id":113963},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113966,113967],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[412,113969,1987,113971,342,113973,1993],{"id":113970},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113972,102916],{},[15,113974,113975],{},"|",[20,113977,113978,113979,113981,113982,113984],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113980,113975],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113983,102916],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[38,113986,2005],{"id":2004},[176,113988,113989,113993,113999,114005,114011],{},[179,113990,113991],{},[289,113992,96445],{"href":97616},[179,113994,113995],{},[289,113996,3696,113997,1441],{"href":98636},[15,113998,97431],{},[179,114000,114001],{},[289,114002,3696,114003,1441],{"href":102905},[15,114004,106690],{},[179,114006,114007],{},[289,114008,3696,114009,1441],{"href":113874},[15,114010,100536],{},[179,114012,114013],{},[289,114014,100461],{"href":99194},[2035,114016,114017],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":114019},[114020,114021,114023,114024,114025,114026,114028,114034,114039,114046,114047,114058],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":112115,"depth":77,"text":114022},"What set.union() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":22095,"depth":77,"text":22096},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":112602,"depth":77,"text":114027},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112760,"depth":77,"text":114029,"children":114030},"Using union() with other iterables",[114031,114032,114033],{"id":112771,"depth":111,"text":112772},{"id":112891,"depth":111,"text":112892},{"id":113033,"depth":111,"text":113034},{"id":113171,"depth":77,"text":114035,"children":114036},"union() vs update()",[114037,114038],{"id":111386,"depth":111,"text":102916},{"id":30590,"depth":111,"text":15078},{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":114040},[114041,114043,114044,114045],{"id":113378,"depth":111,"text":114042},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113546,"depth":111,"text":113547},{"id":113615,"depth":111,"text":113616},{"id":113741,"depth":111,"text":113742},{"id":113839,"depth":77,"text":113840},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":114048},[114049,114051,114053,114055,114056],{"id":113936,"depth":111,"text":114050},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113943,"depth":111,"text":114052},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113952,"depth":111,"text":114054},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113963,"depth":111,"text":113964},{"id":113970,"depth":111,"text":114057},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111995,"description":114059},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114065,"title":114066,"body":114067,"description":115956,"extension":2078,"meta":115957,"navigation":221,"path":96930,"seo":115958,"stem":115959,"__hash__":115960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114068,"toc":115922},[114069,114074,114079,114087,114089,114147,114152,114157,114161,114173,114176,114250,114255,114257,114259,114278,114280,114297,114300,114327,114329,114399,114403,114405,114411,114413,114474,114479,114481,114538,114542,114547,114612,114614,114634,114641,114645,114650,114735,114738,114745,114848,114852,114857,114915,114918,114929,114943,114950,115008,115015,115018,115028,115032,115090,115094,115160,115163,115221,115228,115235,115238,115242,115251,115320,115324,115330,115418,115428,115432,115436,115440,115443,115504,115509,115566,115570,115572,115607,115614,115616,115670,115677,115681,115684,115749,115758,115764,115821,115823,115828,115832,115836,115839,115846,115854,115858,115863,115867,115873,115875,115910,115919],[10,114070,96317,114072,18],{"id":114071},"python-set-update-method",[15,114073,15078],{},[20,114075,114076,114078],{},[15,114077,97431],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114080,114081,114082,114086],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[289,114083,114084],{"href":98617},[15,114085,96325],{},", which adds only one item.",[38,114088,3729],{"id":3728},[43,114090,114092],{"className":45,"code":114091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114093,114094,114110,114132,114142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114095,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114097,3739],{"class":58},[52,114099,63],{"class":62},[52,114101,10612],{"class":84},[52,114103,3106],{"class":608},[52,114105,318],{"class":84},[52,114107,3111],{"class":608},[52,114109,9429],{"class":84},[52,114111,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128,114130],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114113,3771],{"class":58},[52,114115,92],{"class":84},[52,114117,30590],{"class":88},[52,114119,3103],{"class":84},[52,114121,2172],{"class":608},[52,114123,318],{"class":84},[52,114125,609],{"class":608},[52,114127,318],{"class":84},[52,114129,2575],{"class":608},[52,114131,4009],{"class":84},[52,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114135,81],{"class":80},[52,114137,85],{"class":84},[52,114139,3771],{"class":88},[52,114141,329],{"class":84},[52,114143,114144],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114145,114146],{"class":1479},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114148,154,114149,114151],{},[15,114150,15078],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[38,114153,166,114155,169],{"id":114154},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114156,97431],{},[20,114158,114159,174],{},[15,114160,97431],{},[176,114162,114163,114166,114168,114171],{},[179,114164,114165],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[179,114167,96432],{},[179,114169,114170],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[179,114172,96435],{},[20,114174,114175],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[43,114177,114179],{"className":45,"code":114178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114180,114181,114205,114231,114235,114245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114182,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114184,13199],{"class":58},[52,114186,63],{"class":62},[52,114188,10612],{"class":84},[52,114190,100],{"class":66},[52,114192,13216],{"class":70},[52,114194,100],{"class":66},[52,114196,318],{"class":84},[52,114198,67],{"class":66},[52,114200,13233],{"class":70},[52,114202,100],{"class":66},[52,114204,9429],{"class":84},[52,114206,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114208,17627],{"class":58},[52,114210,92],{"class":84},[52,114212,30590],{"class":88},[52,114214,3103],{"class":84},[52,114216,100],{"class":66},[52,114218,13233],{"class":70},[52,114220,100],{"class":66},[52,114222,318],{"class":84},[52,114224,67],{"class":66},[52,114226,17580],{"class":70},[52,114228,100],{"class":66},[52,114230,4009],{"class":84},[52,114232,114233],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114234,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114236,114237,114239,114241,114243],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114238,81],{"class":80},[52,114240,85],{"class":84},[52,114242,17627],{"class":88},[52,114244,329],{"class":84},[52,114246,114247],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114248,114249],{"class":1479},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114251,21104,114252,114254],{},[15,114253,111151],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[38,114256,296],{"id":295},[20,114258,7341],{},[43,114260,114262],{"className":45,"code":114261,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114263,114264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114265,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114267,15791],{"class":58},[52,114269,92],{"class":84},[52,114271,30590],{"class":88},[52,114273,85],{"class":84},[52,114275,3842],{"class":88},[52,114277,329],{"class":84},[20,114279,80323],{},[176,114281,114282,114285,114288,114291,114294],{},[179,114283,114284],{},"A list",[179,114286,114287],{},"A tuple",[179,114289,114290],{},"Another set",[179,114292,114293],{},"A string",[179,114295,114296],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114298,114299],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[43,114301,114303],{"className":45,"code":114302,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114304,114305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114306,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114308,15791],{"class":58},[52,114310,92],{"class":84},[52,114312,30590],{"class":88},[52,114314,85],{"class":84},[52,114316,289],{"class":88},[52,114318,318],{"class":84},[52,114320,2678],{"class":88},[52,114322,318],{"class":84},[52,114324,9802],{"class":88},[52,114326,329],{"class":84},[20,114328,197],{},[43,114330,114332],{"className":45,"code":114331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114333,114334,114346,114380,114384,114394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114335,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114337,3946],{"class":58},[52,114339,63],{"class":62},[52,114341,10612],{"class":84},[52,114343,3106],{"class":608},[52,114345,9429],{"class":84},[52,114347,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114349,5482],{"class":58},[52,114351,92],{"class":84},[52,114353,30590],{"class":88},[52,114355,3103],{"class":84},[52,114357,2172],{"class":608},[52,114359,318],{"class":84},[52,114361,609],{"class":608},[52,114363,18187],{"class":84},[52,114365,1370],{"class":84},[52,114367,2623],{"class":608},[52,114369,318],{"class":84},[52,114371,4726],{"class":608},[52,114373,9354],{"class":84},[52,114375,10612],{"class":84},[52,114377,80714],{"class":608},[52,114379,30622],{"class":84},[52,114381,114382],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114383,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114387,81],{"class":80},[52,114389,85],{"class":84},[52,114391,5482],{"class":88},[52,114393,329],{"class":84},[52,114395,114396],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114397,114398],{"class":1479},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114400,96441,114401,92],{},[289,114402,96449],{"href":98000},[38,114404,22096],{"id":22095},[20,114406,114407,2515,114409,92],{},[15,114408,97431],{},[15,114410,3901],{},[20,114412,11837],{},[43,114414,114416],{"className":45,"code":114415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114417,114418,114434,114456,114460,114470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114419,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114421,3739],{"class":58},[52,114423,63],{"class":62},[52,114425,10612],{"class":84},[52,114427,3106],{"class":608},[52,114429,318],{"class":84},[52,114431,3111],{"class":608},[52,114433,9429],{"class":84},[52,114435,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114437,2346],{"class":58},[52,114439,63],{"class":62},[52,114441,4384],{"class":58},[52,114443,92],{"class":84},[52,114445,30590],{"class":88},[52,114447,3103],{"class":84},[52,114449,627],{"class":608},[52,114451,318],{"class":84},[52,114453,2575],{"class":608},[52,114455,4009],{"class":84},[52,114457,114458],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114459,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114461,114462,114464,114466,114468],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114463,81],{"class":80},[52,114465,85],{"class":84},[52,114467,2381],{"class":88},[52,114469,329],{"class":84},[52,114471,114472],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114473,61952],{"class":1479},[20,114475,114476,114477,92],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114478,2381],{},[20,114480,19094],{},[43,114482,114484],{"className":45,"code":114483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114485,114486,114502,114520,114524,114534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114489,3739],{"class":58},[52,114491,63],{"class":62},[52,114493,10612],{"class":84},[52,114495,3106],{"class":608},[52,114497,318],{"class":84},[52,114499,3111],{"class":608},[52,114501,9429],{"class":84},[52,114503,114504,114506,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114505,3771],{"class":58},[52,114507,92],{"class":84},[52,114509,30590],{"class":88},[52,114511,3103],{"class":84},[52,114513,627],{"class":608},[52,114515,318],{"class":84},[52,114517,2575],{"class":608},[52,114519,4009],{"class":84},[52,114521,114522],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114523,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114525,114526,114528,114530,114532],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114527,81],{"class":80},[52,114529,85],{"class":84},[52,114531,3771],{"class":88},[52,114533,329],{"class":84},[52,114535,114536],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114537,114146],{"class":1479},[38,114539,114541],{"id":114540},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114543,114544,114545,92],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114546,15078],{},[43,114548,114550],{"className":45,"code":114549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114551,114552,114568,114594,114598,114608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114553,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114555,3739],{"class":58},[52,114557,63],{"class":62},[52,114559,10612],{"class":84},[52,114561,3106],{"class":608},[52,114563,318],{"class":84},[52,114565,3111],{"class":608},[52,114567,9429],{"class":84},[52,114569,114570,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114571,3771],{"class":58},[52,114573,92],{"class":84},[52,114575,30590],{"class":88},[52,114577,3103],{"class":84},[52,114579,2172],{"class":608},[52,114581,318],{"class":84},[52,114583,609],{"class":608},[52,114585,318],{"class":84},[52,114587,2575],{"class":608},[52,114589,318],{"class":84},[52,114591,2575],{"class":608},[52,114593,4009],{"class":84},[52,114595,114596],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114597,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114599,114600,114602,114604,114606],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114601,81],{"class":80},[52,114603,85],{"class":84},[52,114605,3771],{"class":88},[52,114607,329],{"class":84},[52,114609,114610],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114611,114146],{"class":1479},[20,114613,11806],{},[176,114615,114616,114621,114628],{},[179,114617,114618,114620],{},[15,114619,2172],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[179,114622,114623,342,114625,114627],{},[15,114624,627],{},[15,114626,2623],{}," are added",[179,114629,114630,114631,114633],{},"The second ",[15,114632,2623],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114635,114636,114637,114640],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[289,114638,114639],{"href":99194},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[38,114642,114644],{"id":114643},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114646,7886,114647,114649],{},[15,114648,15078],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[43,114651,114653],{"className":45,"code":114652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114654,114655,114676,114697,114701,114717,114721,114731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114656,114657,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114658,114659],{"class":58},"set_a ",[52,114661,63],{"class":62},[52,114663,10612],{"class":84},[52,114665,3106],{"class":608},[52,114667,318],{"class":84},[52,114669,3111],{"class":608},[52,114671,318],{"class":84},[52,114673,609],{"class":608},[52,114675,9429],{"class":84},[52,114677,114678,114681,114683,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114679,114680],{"class":58},"set_b ",[52,114682,63],{"class":62},[52,114684,10612],{"class":84},[52,114686,627],{"class":608},[52,114688,318],{"class":84},[52,114690,2575],{"class":608},[52,114692,318],{"class":84},[52,114694,4726],{"class":608},[52,114696,9429],{"class":84},[52,114698,114699],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114700,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114702,114703,114706,114708,114710,114712,114715],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114704,114705],{"class":58},"set_a",[52,114707,92],{"class":84},[52,114709,30590],{"class":88},[52,114711,85],{"class":84},[52,114713,114714],{"class":88},"set_b",[52,114716,329],{"class":84},[52,114718,114719],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114720,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114722,114723,114725,114727,114729],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,114724,81],{"class":80},[52,114726,85],{"class":84},[52,114728,114705],{"class":88},[52,114730,329],{"class":84},[52,114732,114733],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,114734,112107],{"class":1479},[20,114736,114737],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114739,114740,114741,92],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[289,114742,114743],{"href":102913},[15,114744,108160],{},[43,114746,114748],{"className":45,"code":114747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114749,114750,114770,114790,114794,114814,114818,114829,114833,114843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114751,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114753,114659],{"class":58},[52,114755,63],{"class":62},[52,114757,10612],{"class":84},[52,114759,3106],{"class":608},[52,114761,318],{"class":84},[52,114763,3111],{"class":608},[52,114765,318],{"class":84},[52,114767,609],{"class":608},[52,114769,9429],{"class":84},[52,114771,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114773,114680],{"class":58},[52,114775,63],{"class":62},[52,114777,10612],{"class":84},[52,114779,627],{"class":608},[52,114781,318],{"class":84},[52,114783,2575],{"class":608},[52,114785,318],{"class":84},[52,114787,4726],{"class":608},[52,114789,9429],{"class":84},[52,114791,114792],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114793,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114795,114796,114799,114801,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114797,114798],{"class":58},"combined ",[52,114800,63],{"class":62},[52,114802,114803],{"class":58}," set_a",[52,114805,92],{"class":84},[52,114807,111386],{"class":88},[52,114809,85],{"class":84},[52,114811,114714],{"class":88},[52,114813,329],{"class":84},[52,114815,114816],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114817,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114819,114820,114822,114824,114827],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,114821,81],{"class":80},[52,114823,85],{"class":84},[52,114825,114826],{"class":88},"combined",[52,114828,329],{"class":84},[52,114830,114831],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,114832,112107],{"class":1479},[52,114834,114835,114837,114839,114841],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,114836,81],{"class":80},[52,114838,85],{"class":84},[52,114840,114705],{"class":88},[52,114842,329],{"class":84},[52,114844,114845],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,114846,114847],{"class":1479},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[38,114849,114851],{"id":114850},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114853,64861,114854,114856],{},[15,114855,15078],{}," adds each character separately.",[43,114858,114860],{"className":45,"code":114859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114861,114862,114878,114896,114900,114910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114865,36215],{"class":58},[52,114867,63],{"class":62},[52,114869,10612],{"class":84},[52,114871,100],{"class":66},[52,114873,2289],{"class":70},[52,114875,100],{"class":66},[52,114877,9429],{"class":84},[52,114879,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114881,36268],{"class":58},[52,114883,92],{"class":84},[52,114885,30590],{"class":88},[52,114887,85],{"class":84},[52,114889,100],{"class":66},[52,114891,37173],{"class":70},[52,114893,100],{"class":66},[52,114895,329],{"class":84},[52,114897,114898],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114899,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114901,114902,114904,114906,114908],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114903,81],{"class":80},[52,114905,85],{"class":84},[52,114907,36268],{"class":88},[52,114909,329],{"class":84},[52,114911,114912],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,114913,114914],{"class":1479},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114916,114917],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114919,114920,14178,114923,114925,114926,114928],{},[15,114921,114922],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3865,114924,4752],{}," add ",[15,114927,113152],{}," as one item. It adds:",[176,114930,114931,114935,114939],{},[179,114932,114933],{},[15,114934,66601],{},[179,114936,114937],{},[15,114938,18221],{},[179,114940,114941],{},[15,114942,113168],{},[20,114944,114945,114946,174],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[289,114947,114948],{"href":98617},[15,114949,96325],{},[43,114951,114953],{"className":45,"code":114952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114954,114955,114971,114989,114993,115003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114956,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114958,4190],{"class":58},[52,114960,63],{"class":62},[52,114962,10612],{"class":84},[52,114964,100],{"class":66},[52,114966,58250],{"class":70},[52,114968,100],{"class":66},[52,114970,9429],{"class":84},[52,114972,114973,114975,114977,114979,114981,114983,114985,114987],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,114974,4234],{"class":58},[52,114976,92],{"class":84},[52,114978,82226],{"class":88},[52,114980,85],{"class":84},[52,114982,100],{"class":66},[52,114984,37173],{"class":70},[52,114986,100],{"class":66},[52,114988,329],{"class":84},[52,114990,114991],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,114992,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,114994,114995,114997,114999,115001],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,114996,81],{"class":80},[52,114998,85],{"class":84},[52,115000,4234],{"class":88},[52,115002,329],{"class":84},[52,115004,115005],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115006,115007],{"class":1479},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[38,115009,115011,10707,115013],{"id":115010},"update-vs-add",[15,115012,15078],{},[15,115014,96320],{},[20,115016,115017],{},"The difference is simple:",[176,115019,115020,115024],{},[179,115021,115022,96919],{},[15,115023,96320],{},[179,115025,115026,96924],{},[15,115027,15078],{},[20,115029,46163,115030,174],{},[15,115031,96320],{},[43,115033,115035],{"className":45,"code":115034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115036,115037,115053,115071,115075,115085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115040,36364],{"class":58},[52,115042,63],{"class":62},[52,115044,10612],{"class":84},[52,115046,100],{"class":66},[52,115048,4199],{"class":70},[52,115050,100],{"class":66},[52,115052,9429],{"class":84},[52,115054,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115056,36416],{"class":58},[52,115058,92],{"class":84},[52,115060,82226],{"class":88},[52,115062,85],{"class":84},[52,115064,100],{"class":66},[52,115066,4208],{"class":70},[52,115068,100],{"class":66},[52,115070,329],{"class":84},[52,115072,115073],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115074,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115076,115077,115079,115081,115083],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115078,81],{"class":80},[52,115080,85],{"class":84},[52,115082,36416],{"class":88},[52,115084,329],{"class":84},[52,115086,115087],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115088,115089],{"class":1479},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115091,46163,115092,174],{},[15,115093,15078],{},[43,115095,115097],{"className":45,"code":115096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115098,115099,115115,115141,115145,115155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115102,36364],{"class":58},[52,115104,63],{"class":62},[52,115106,10612],{"class":84},[52,115108,100],{"class":66},[52,115110,4199],{"class":70},[52,115112,100],{"class":66},[52,115114,9429],{"class":84},[52,115116,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137,115139],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115118,36416],{"class":58},[52,115120,92],{"class":84},[52,115122,30590],{"class":88},[52,115124,3103],{"class":84},[52,115126,100],{"class":66},[52,115128,4208],{"class":70},[52,115130,100],{"class":66},[52,115132,318],{"class":84},[52,115134,67],{"class":66},[52,115136,33347],{"class":70},[52,115138,100],{"class":66},[52,115140,4009],{"class":84},[52,115142,115143],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115144,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115146,115147,115149,115151,115153],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115148,81],{"class":80},[52,115150,85],{"class":84},[52,115152,36416],{"class":88},[52,115154,329],{"class":84},[52,115156,115157],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115158,115159],{"class":1479},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115161,115162],{},"Important warning with strings:",[43,115164,115166],{"className":45,"code":115165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115167,115168,115184,115202,115206,115216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115169,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115171,36364],{"class":58},[52,115173,63],{"class":62},[52,115175,10612],{"class":84},[52,115177,100],{"class":66},[52,115179,4199],{"class":70},[52,115181,100],{"class":66},[52,115183,9429],{"class":84},[52,115185,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115187,36416],{"class":58},[52,115189,92],{"class":84},[52,115191,30590],{"class":88},[52,115193,85],{"class":84},[52,115195,100],{"class":66},[52,115197,38467],{"class":70},[52,115199,100],{"class":66},[52,115201,329],{"class":84},[52,115203,115204],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115205,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115207,115208,115210,115212,115214],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115209,81],{"class":80},[52,115211,85],{"class":84},[52,115213,36416],{"class":88},[52,115215,329],{"class":84},[52,115217,115218],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115219,115220],{"class":1479},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115222,62227,115223,62300,115226,6755],{},[15,115224,115225],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115227,96320],{},[38,115229,115231,10707,115233],{"id":115230},"update-vs-union",[15,115232,15078],{},[15,115234,102916],{},[20,115236,115237],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[412,115239,115240],{"id":30590},[15,115241,15078],{},[176,115243,115244,115247],{},[179,115245,115246],{},"Changes the existing set",[179,115248,184,115249],{},[15,115250,3901],{},[43,115252,115254],{"className":45,"code":115253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115255,115256,115272,115288,115292,115306,115316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115259,2673],{"class":58},[52,115261,63],{"class":62},[52,115263,10612],{"class":84},[52,115265,3106],{"class":608},[52,115267,318],{"class":84},[52,115269,3111],{"class":608},[52,115271,9429],{"class":84},[52,115273,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115275,2701],{"class":58},[52,115277,63],{"class":62},[52,115279,10612],{"class":84},[52,115281,2172],{"class":608},[52,115283,318],{"class":84},[52,115285,609],{"class":608},[52,115287,9429],{"class":84},[52,115289,115290],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115291,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115293,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115295,289],{"class":58},[52,115297,92],{"class":84},[52,115299,30590],{"class":88},[52,115301,85],{"class":84},[52,115303,4883],{"class":88},[52,115305,329],{"class":84},[52,115307,115308,115310,115312,115314],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115309,81],{"class":80},[52,115311,85],{"class":84},[52,115313,289],{"class":88},[52,115315,329],{"class":84},[52,115317,115318],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,115319,114847],{"class":1479},[412,115321,115322],{"id":111386},[15,115323,102916],{},[176,115325,115326,115328],{},[179,115327,101454],{},[179,115329,101457],{},[43,115331,115333],{"className":45,"code":115332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115334,115335,115351,115367,115371,115389,115399,115403,115413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115338,2673],{"class":58},[52,115340,63],{"class":62},[52,115342,10612],{"class":84},[52,115344,3106],{"class":608},[52,115346,318],{"class":84},[52,115348,3111],{"class":608},[52,115350,9429],{"class":84},[52,115352,115353,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115354,2701],{"class":58},[52,115356,63],{"class":62},[52,115358,10612],{"class":84},[52,115360,2172],{"class":608},[52,115362,318],{"class":84},[52,115364,609],{"class":608},[52,115366,9429],{"class":84},[52,115368,115369],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115370,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115372,115373,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115374,83306],{"class":58},[52,115376,63],{"class":62},[52,115378,57010],{"class":58},[52,115380,92],{"class":84},[52,115382,111386],{"class":88},[52,115384,85],{"class":84},[52,115386,4883],{"class":88},[52,115388,329],{"class":84},[52,115390,115391,115393,115395,115397],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115392,81],{"class":80},[52,115394,85],{"class":84},[52,115396,9860],{"class":88},[52,115398,329],{"class":84},[52,115400,115401],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,115402,114847],{"class":1479},[52,115404,115405,115407,115409,115411],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,115406,81],{"class":80},[52,115408,85],{"class":84},[52,115410,289],{"class":88},[52,115412,329],{"class":84},[52,115414,115415],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,115416,115417],{"class":1479},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115419,107802,115420,115422,115423,115427],{},[15,115421,15078],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[289,115424,115425],{"href":102913},[15,115426,102916],{}," when you want a new set.",[38,115429,115431],{"id":115430},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115433,10869,115434,92],{},[15,115435,97431],{},[412,115437,115439],{"id":115438},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115441,115442],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[43,115444,115446],{"className":45,"code":115445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115447,115448,115464,115486,115490,115500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115449,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115451,15753],{"class":58},[52,115453,63],{"class":62},[52,115455,10612],{"class":84},[52,115457,3106],{"class":608},[52,115459,318],{"class":84},[52,115461,3111],{"class":608},[52,115463,9429],{"class":84},[52,115465,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478,115480,115482,115484],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115467,2346],{"class":58},[52,115469,63],{"class":62},[52,115471,97041],{"class":58},[52,115473,92],{"class":84},[52,115475,30590],{"class":88},[52,115477,3103],{"class":84},[52,115479,627],{"class":608},[52,115481,318],{"class":84},[52,115483,2575],{"class":608},[52,115485,4009],{"class":84},[52,115487,115488],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115489,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115491,115492,115494,115496,115498],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115493,81],{"class":80},[52,115495,85],{"class":84},[52,115497,2381],{"class":88},[52,115499,329],{"class":84},[52,115501,115502],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115503,61952],{"class":1479},[20,115505,115506,115507,174],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115508,15078],{},[43,115510,115512],{"className":45,"code":115511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115513,115514,115530,115548,115552,115562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115515,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115517,15753],{"class":58},[52,115519,63],{"class":62},[52,115521,10612],{"class":84},[52,115523,3106],{"class":608},[52,115525,318],{"class":84},[52,115527,3111],{"class":608},[52,115529,9429],{"class":84},[52,115531,115532,115534,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115533,15791],{"class":58},[52,115535,92],{"class":84},[52,115537,30590],{"class":88},[52,115539,3103],{"class":84},[52,115541,627],{"class":608},[52,115543,318],{"class":84},[52,115545,2575],{"class":608},[52,115547,4009],{"class":84},[52,115549,115550],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115551,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115553,115554,115556,115558,115560],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115555,81],{"class":80},[52,115557,85],{"class":84},[52,115559,15791],{"class":88},[52,115561,329],{"class":84},[52,115563,115564],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115565,114146],{"class":1479},[412,115567,115569],{"id":115568},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115571,2955],{},[43,115573,115575],{"className":45,"code":115574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115576,115577,115593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589,115591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115580,15753],{"class":58},[52,115582,63],{"class":62},[52,115584,10612],{"class":84},[52,115586,3106],{"class":608},[52,115588,318],{"class":84},[52,115590,3111],{"class":608},[52,115592,9429],{"class":84},[52,115594,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115596,15791],{"class":58},[52,115598,92],{"class":84},[52,115600,30590],{"class":88},[52,115602,85],{"class":84},[52,115604,2252],{"class":608},[52,115606,329],{"class":84},[20,115608,62406,115609,8723,115611,115613],{},[15,115610,3124],{},[15,115612,2252],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115615,6678],{},[43,115617,115619],{"className":45,"code":115618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115620,115621,115637,115651,115655,115665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115622,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115624,15753],{"class":58},[52,115626,63],{"class":62},[52,115628,10612],{"class":84},[52,115630,3106],{"class":608},[52,115632,318],{"class":84},[52,115634,3111],{"class":608},[52,115636,9429],{"class":84},[52,115638,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115640,15791],{"class":58},[52,115642,92],{"class":84},[52,115644,30590],{"class":88},[52,115646,3103],{"class":84},[52,115648,2252],{"class":608},[52,115650,4009],{"class":84},[52,115652,115653],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115654,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115656,115657,115659,115661,115663],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115658,81],{"class":80},[52,115660,85],{"class":84},[52,115662,15791],{"class":88},[52,115664,329],{"class":84},[52,115666,115667],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115668,115669],{"class":1479},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115671,46036,115672,92],{},[289,115673,25805,115674],{"href":52722},[15,115675,115676],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[412,115678,115680],{"id":115679},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115682,115683],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[43,115685,115687],{"className":45,"code":115686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115688,115689,115705,115731,115735,115745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115692,15753],{"class":58},[52,115694,63],{"class":62},[52,115696,10612],{"class":84},[52,115698,3106],{"class":608},[52,115700,318],{"class":84},[52,115702,3111],{"class":608},[52,115704,9429],{"class":84},[52,115706,115707,115709,115711,115713,115715,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725,115727,115729],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115708,15791],{"class":58},[52,115710,92],{"class":84},[52,115712,30590],{"class":88},[52,115714,3103],{"class":84},[52,115716,2172],{"class":608},[52,115718,318],{"class":84},[52,115720,3111],{"class":608},[52,115722,318],{"class":84},[52,115724,3111],{"class":608},[52,115726,318],{"class":84},[52,115728,609],{"class":608},[52,115730,4009],{"class":84},[52,115732,115733],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115734,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115736,115737,115739,115741,115743],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115738,81],{"class":80},[52,115740,85],{"class":84},[52,115742,15791],{"class":88},[52,115744,329],{"class":84},[52,115746,115747],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115748,114847],{"class":1479},[412,115750,115752,115753,1831,115755,115757],{"id":115751},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115754,15078],{},[15,115756,96320],{}," is better",[20,115759,115760,115761,115763],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115762,96320],{}," is usually the better choice.",[43,115765,115767],{"className":45,"code":115766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115768,115769,115785,115803,115807,115817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115770,115771,115773,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115772,15753],{"class":58},[52,115774,63],{"class":62},[52,115776,10612],{"class":84},[52,115778,100],{"class":66},[52,115780,58250],{"class":70},[52,115782,100],{"class":66},[52,115784,9429],{"class":84},[52,115786,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799,115801],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,115788,15791],{"class":58},[52,115790,92],{"class":84},[52,115792,82226],{"class":88},[52,115794,85],{"class":84},[52,115796,100],{"class":66},[52,115798,37173],{"class":70},[52,115800,100],{"class":66},[52,115802,329],{"class":84},[52,115804,115805],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,115806,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,115808,115809,115811,115813,115815],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,115810,81],{"class":80},[52,115812,85],{"class":84},[52,115814,15791],{"class":88},[52,115816,329],{"class":84},[52,115818,115819],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,115820,115007],{"class":1479},[38,115822,1940],{"id":1939},[412,115824,1944,115826,97410],{"id":115825},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115827,97431],{},[20,115829,97413,115830,92],{},[15,115831,3901],{},[412,115833,28454,115834,32352],{"id":32349},[15,115835,15078],{},[20,115837,115838],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[412,115840,1987,115842,342,115844,1993],{"id":115841},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115843,96320],{},[15,115845,15078],{},[20,115847,115848,115850,115851,115853],{},[15,115849,96320],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115852,15078],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[412,115855,115857],{"id":115856},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115859,115860,115861,114856],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115862,15078],{},[412,115864,115866],{"id":115865},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115868,154,115869,11214,115871,92],{},[15,115870,102916],{},[15,115872,15078],{},[38,115874,2005],{"id":2004},[176,115876,115877,115884,115891,115897,115903],{},[179,115878,115879],{},[289,115880,115881],{"href":98617},[15,115882,115883],{},"Python set add() method",[179,115885,115886],{},[289,115887,115888],{"href":102913},[15,115889,115890],{},"Python set union() method",[179,115892,115893],{},[289,115894,115895],{"href":98000},[15,115896,97455],{},[179,115898,115899],{},[289,115900,115901],{"href":99194},[15,115902,100461],{},[179,115904,115905],{},[289,115906,115907,115909],{"href":52722},[15,115908,115676],{}," fix",[20,115911,115912,115913,115915,115916,115918],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115914,96325],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115917,108160],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2035,115920,115921],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":115923},[115924,115925,115927,115928,115929,115930,115931,115932,115934,115939,115946,115955],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":114154,"depth":77,"text":115926},"What set.update() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":22095,"depth":77,"text":22096},{"id":114540,"depth":77,"text":114541},{"id":114643,"depth":77,"text":114644},{"id":114850,"depth":77,"text":114851},{"id":115010,"depth":77,"text":115933},"update() vs add()",{"id":115230,"depth":77,"text":115935,"children":115936},"update() vs union()",[115937,115938],{"id":30590,"depth":111,"text":15078},{"id":111386,"depth":111,"text":102916},{"id":115430,"depth":77,"text":115431,"children":115940},[115941,115942,115943,115944],{"id":115438,"depth":111,"text":115439},{"id":115568,"depth":111,"text":115569},{"id":115679,"depth":111,"text":115680},{"id":115751,"depth":111,"text":115945},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":115947},[115948,115950,115951,115953,115954],{"id":115825,"depth":111,"text":115949},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32349,"depth":111,"text":32422},{"id":115841,"depth":111,"text":115952},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115856,"depth":111,"text":115857},{"id":115865,"depth":111,"text":115866},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114066,"description":115956},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115962,"title":115963,"body":115964,"description":117730,"extension":2078,"meta":117731,"navigation":221,"path":13914,"seo":117732,"stem":117733,"__hash__":117734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115965,"toc":117705},[115966,115969,115972,115975,115986,115994,115997,115999,116148,116160,116164,116181,116185,116193,116195,116206,116208,116305,116311,116314,116410,116419,116424,116428,116433,116435,116445,116447,116556,116564,116568,116571,116574,116591,116597,116677,116680,116684,116687,116691,116694,116753,116756,116760,116763,116855,116859,116862,116969,116973,116979,117007,117009,117091,117101,117105,117108,117119,117122,117207,117210,117215,117219,117222,117233,117236,117378,117381,117385,117388,117402,117405,117466,117472,117474,117477,117499,117502,117602,117605,117637,117639,117643,117646,117648,117651,117655,117658,117662,117665,117669,117672,117674,117702],[10,115967,115963],{"id":115968},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115970,115971],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115973,115974],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[176,115976,115977,115980,115983],{},[179,115978,115979],{},"a list inside another list",[179,115981,115982],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[179,115984,115985],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115987,100383,115988,342,115990,115993],{},[3865,115989,12973],{},[3865,115991,115992],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115995,115996],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[38,115998,41],{"id":40},[43,116000,116002],{"className":45,"code":116001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116003,116004,116011,116015,116041,116061,116081,116085,116103,116107,116120,116134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116005,116006,116008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116007,35216],{"class":761},[52,116009,116010],{"class":58}," copy\n",[52,116012,116013],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116014,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116016,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037,116039],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116018,12209],{"class":58},[52,116020,63],{"class":62},[52,116022,56416],{"class":84},[52,116024,3106],{"class":608},[52,116026,318],{"class":84},[52,116028,3111],{"class":608},[52,116030,18187],{"class":84},[52,116032,3744],{"class":84},[52,116034,627],{"class":608},[52,116036,318],{"class":84},[52,116038,2575],{"class":608},[52,116040,53364],{"class":84},[52,116042,116043,116046,116048,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116044,116045],{"class":58},"shallow ",[52,116047,63],{"class":62},[52,116049,116050],{"class":58}," copy",[52,116052,92],{"class":84},[52,116054,13034],{"class":88},[52,116056,85],{"class":84},[52,116058,12256],{"class":88},[52,116060,329],{"class":84},[52,116062,116063,116066,116068,116070,116072,116075,116077,116079],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116064,116065],{"class":58},"deep ",[52,116067,63],{"class":62},[52,116069,116050],{"class":58},[52,116071,92],{"class":84},[52,116073,116074],{"class":88},"deepcopy",[52,116076,85],{"class":84},[52,116078,12256],{"class":88},[52,116080,329],{"class":84},[52,116082,116083],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,116084,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116086,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,116088,12256],{"class":58},[52,116090,4021],{"class":84},[52,116092,2235],{"class":608},[52,116094,13674],{"class":84},[52,116096,13677],{"class":88},[52,116098,85],{"class":84},[52,116100,56469],{"class":608},[52,116102,329],{"class":84},[52,116104,116105],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,116106,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116108,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,116110,81],{"class":80},[52,116112,85],{"class":84},[52,116114,12256],{"class":88},[52,116116,3784],{"class":84},[52,116118,116119],{"class":1479},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116121,116122,116124,116126,116129,116131],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,116123,81],{"class":80},[52,116125,85],{"class":84},[52,116127,116128],{"class":88},"shallow",[52,116130,3784],{"class":84},[52,116132,116133],{"class":1479},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116135,116136,116138,116140,116143,116145],{"class":54,"line":11717},[52,116137,81],{"class":80},[52,116139,85],{"class":84},[52,116141,116142],{"class":88},"deep",[52,116144,3784],{"class":84},[52,116146,116147],{"class":1479},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116149,154,116150,116153,116154,342,116156,116159],{},[15,116151,116152],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3865,116155,12973],{},[15,116157,116158],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[38,116161,116163],{"id":116162},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[176,116165,116166,116169,116172,116175,116178],{},[179,116167,116168],{},"What a copy means in Python",[179,116170,116171],{},"How shallow copy works",[179,116173,116174],{},"How deep copy works",[179,116176,116177],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[179,116179,116180],{},"When to use each approach",[38,116182,116184],{"id":116183},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116186,15313,116187,116189,116190,116192],{},[3865,116188,12973],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3865,116191,4752],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116194,2222],{},[176,116196,116197,116200,116203],{},[179,116198,116199],{},"the outer container is new",[179,116201,116202],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[179,116204,116205],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116207,197],{},[43,116209,116211],{"className":45,"code":116210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116212,116213,116239,116253,116257,116275,116279,116292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116216,12209],{"class":58},[52,116218,63],{"class":62},[52,116220,56416],{"class":84},[52,116222,3106],{"class":608},[52,116224,318],{"class":84},[52,116226,3111],{"class":608},[52,116228,18187],{"class":84},[52,116230,3744],{"class":84},[52,116232,627],{"class":608},[52,116234,318],{"class":84},[52,116236,2575],{"class":608},[52,116238,53364],{"class":84},[52,116240,116241,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116242,14436],{"class":58},[52,116244,63],{"class":62},[52,116246,12284],{"class":58},[52,116248,92],{"class":84},[52,116250,13034],{"class":88},[52,116252,8763],{"class":84},[52,116254,116255],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116256,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116260,14455],{"class":58},[52,116262,92],{"class":84},[52,116264,13677],{"class":88},[52,116266,3103],{"class":84},[52,116268,2252],{"class":608},[52,116270,318],{"class":84},[52,116272,37769],{"class":608},[52,116274,4009],{"class":84},[52,116276,116277],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116278,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,116282,81],{"class":80},[52,116284,85],{"class":84},[52,116286,12256],{"class":88},[52,116288,3784],{"class":84},[52,116290,116291],{"class":1479},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116293,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,116295,81],{"class":80},[52,116297,85],{"class":84},[52,116299,14455],{"class":88},[52,116301,3784],{"class":84},[52,116303,116304],{"class":1479},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116306,116307,116308,116310],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116309,14455],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116312,116313],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[43,116315,116317],{"className":45,"code":116316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116318,116319,116345,116359,116363,116381,116385,116397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116320,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116322,12209],{"class":58},[52,116324,63],{"class":62},[52,116326,56416],{"class":84},[52,116328,3106],{"class":608},[52,116330,318],{"class":84},[52,116332,3111],{"class":608},[52,116334,18187],{"class":84},[52,116336,3744],{"class":84},[52,116338,627],{"class":608},[52,116340,318],{"class":84},[52,116342,2575],{"class":608},[52,116344,53364],{"class":84},[52,116346,116347,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116348,14436],{"class":58},[52,116350,63],{"class":62},[52,116352,12284],{"class":58},[52,116354,92],{"class":84},[52,116356,13034],{"class":88},[52,116358,8763],{"class":84},[52,116360,116361],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116362,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116364,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116366,14455],{"class":58},[52,116368,4021],{"class":84},[52,116370,2235],{"class":608},[52,116372,13674],{"class":84},[52,116374,13677],{"class":88},[52,116376,85],{"class":84},[52,116378,56469],{"class":608},[52,116380,329],{"class":84},[52,116382,116383],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116384,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116386,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,116388,81],{"class":80},[52,116390,85],{"class":84},[52,116392,12256],{"class":88},[52,116394,3784],{"class":84},[52,116396,116119],{"class":1479},[52,116398,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,116400,81],{"class":80},[52,116402,85],{"class":84},[52,116404,14455],{"class":88},[52,116406,3784],{"class":84},[52,116408,116409],{"class":1479},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116411,116412,116413,342,116415,116418],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116414,56573],{},[15,116416,116417],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116420,116421,116422,92],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[289,116423,44061],{"href":12188},[38,116425,116427],{"id":116426},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116429,15313,116430,116432],{},[3865,116431,115992],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116434,2222],{},[176,116436,116437,116439,116442],{},[179,116438,116199],{},[179,116440,116441],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[179,116443,116444],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116446,197],{},[43,116448,116450],{"className":45,"code":116449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116451,116452,116458,116462,116488,116506,116510,116528,116532,116544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116453,116454,116456],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116455,35216],{"class":761},[52,116457,116010],{"class":58},[52,116459,116460],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116461,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116463,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116465,12209],{"class":58},[52,116467,63],{"class":62},[52,116469,56416],{"class":84},[52,116471,3106],{"class":608},[52,116473,318],{"class":84},[52,116475,3111],{"class":608},[52,116477,18187],{"class":84},[52,116479,3744],{"class":84},[52,116481,627],{"class":608},[52,116483,318],{"class":84},[52,116485,2575],{"class":608},[52,116487,53364],{"class":84},[52,116489,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116491,14436],{"class":58},[52,116493,63],{"class":62},[52,116495,116050],{"class":58},[52,116497,92],{"class":84},[52,116499,116074],{"class":88},[52,116501,85],{"class":84},[52,116503,12256],{"class":88},[52,116505,329],{"class":84},[52,116507,116508],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116509,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116511,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,116513,14455],{"class":58},[52,116515,4021],{"class":84},[52,116517,2235],{"class":608},[52,116519,13674],{"class":84},[52,116521,13677],{"class":88},[52,116523,85],{"class":84},[52,116525,56469],{"class":608},[52,116527,329],{"class":84},[52,116529,116530],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,116531,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116533,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,116535,81],{"class":80},[52,116537,85],{"class":84},[52,116539,12256],{"class":88},[52,116541,3784],{"class":84},[52,116543,116291],{"class":1479},[52,116545,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,116547,81],{"class":80},[52,116549,85],{"class":84},[52,116551,14455],{"class":88},[52,116553,3784],{"class":84},[52,116555,116409],{"class":1479},[20,116557,116558,116559,116561,116562,92],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116560,116417],{}," does not change ",[15,116563,56573],{},[38,116565,116567],{"id":116566},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116569,116570],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116572,116573],{},"Common reasons:",[176,116575,116576,116579,116582,116588],{},[179,116577,116578],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[179,116580,116581],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[179,116583,116584,116585,116587],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116586,63],{}," does not make a copy",[179,116589,116590],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116592,116593,116594,116596],{},"For example, this does ",[3865,116595,4752],{}," create a copy:",[43,116598,116600],{"className":45,"code":116599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116601,116602,116622,116630,116634,116648,116652,116664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116603,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116605,12209],{"class":58},[52,116607,63],{"class":62},[52,116609,3744],{"class":84},[52,116611,3106],{"class":608},[52,116613,318],{"class":84},[52,116615,3111],{"class":608},[52,116617,318],{"class":84},[52,116619,609],{"class":608},[52,116621,3757],{"class":84},[52,116623,116624,116626,116628],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116625,14436],{"class":58},[52,116627,63],{"class":62},[52,116629,12247],{"class":58},[52,116631,116632],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116633,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116635,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116637,14455],{"class":58},[52,116639,92],{"class":84},[52,116641,13677],{"class":88},[52,116643,85],{"class":84},[52,116645,2623],{"class":608},[52,116647,329],{"class":84},[52,116649,116650],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116651,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,116655,81],{"class":80},[52,116657,85],{"class":84},[52,116659,12256],{"class":88},[52,116661,3784],{"class":84},[52,116663,55823],{"class":1479},[52,116665,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,116667,81],{"class":80},[52,116669,85],{"class":84},[52,116671,14455],{"class":88},[52,116673,3784],{"class":84},[52,116675,116676],{"class":1479},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116678,116679],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[38,116681,116683],{"id":116682},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116685,116686],{},"These three ideas are different.",[412,116688,116690],{"id":116689},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116692,116693],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[43,116695,116697],{"className":45,"code":116696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116698,116699,116725,116733,116737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116700,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116702,12209],{"class":58},[52,116704,63],{"class":62},[52,116706,56416],{"class":84},[52,116708,3106],{"class":608},[52,116710,318],{"class":84},[52,116712,3111],{"class":608},[52,116714,18187],{"class":84},[52,116716,3744],{"class":84},[52,116718,627],{"class":608},[52,116720,318],{"class":84},[52,116722,2575],{"class":608},[52,116724,53364],{"class":84},[52,116726,116727,116729,116731],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116728,14227],{"class":58},[52,116730,63],{"class":62},[52,116732,12247],{"class":58},[52,116734,116735],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116736,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116738,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116740,81],{"class":80},[52,116742,85],{"class":84},[52,116744,12209],{"class":88},[52,116746,835],{"class":761},[52,116748,14295],{"class":88},[52,116750,3784],{"class":84},[52,116752,3787],{"class":1479},[20,116754,116755],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[412,116757,116759],{"id":116758},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116761,116762],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[43,116764,116766],{"className":45,"code":116765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116767,116768,116794,116808,116812,116829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116769,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116771,12209],{"class":58},[52,116773,63],{"class":62},[52,116775,56416],{"class":84},[52,116777,3106],{"class":608},[52,116779,318],{"class":84},[52,116781,3111],{"class":608},[52,116783,18187],{"class":84},[52,116785,3744],{"class":84},[52,116787,627],{"class":608},[52,116789,318],{"class":84},[52,116791,2575],{"class":608},[52,116793,53364],{"class":84},[52,116795,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116797,116045],{"class":58},[52,116799,63],{"class":62},[52,116801,12284],{"class":58},[52,116803,92],{"class":84},[52,116805,13034],{"class":88},[52,116807,8763],{"class":84},[52,116809,116810],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116811,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116813,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116825,116827],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116815,81],{"class":80},[52,116817,85],{"class":84},[52,116819,12209],{"class":88},[52,116821,835],{"class":761},[52,116823,116824],{"class":88}," shallow",[52,116826,3784],{"class":84},[52,116828,21326],{"class":1479},[52,116830,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116832,81],{"class":80},[52,116834,85],{"class":84},[52,116836,12256],{"class":88},[52,116838,4021],{"class":84},[52,116840,2235],{"class":608},[52,116842,13397],{"class":84},[52,116844,8220],{"class":761},[52,116846,116824],{"class":88},[52,116848,4021],{"class":84},[52,116850,2235],{"class":608},[52,116852,20572],{"class":84},[52,116854,3787],{"class":1479},[412,116856,116858],{"id":116857},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116860,116861],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[43,116863,116865],{"className":45,"code":116864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116866,116867,116873,116877,116903,116921,116925,116943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116868,116869,116871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116870,35216],{"class":761},[52,116872,116010],{"class":58},[52,116874,116875],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,116876,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116878,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,116880,12209],{"class":58},[52,116882,63],{"class":62},[52,116884,56416],{"class":84},[52,116886,3106],{"class":608},[52,116888,318],{"class":84},[52,116890,3111],{"class":608},[52,116892,18187],{"class":84},[52,116894,3744],{"class":84},[52,116896,627],{"class":608},[52,116898,318],{"class":84},[52,116900,2575],{"class":608},[52,116902,53364],{"class":84},[52,116904,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,116906,116065],{"class":58},[52,116908,63],{"class":62},[52,116910,116050],{"class":58},[52,116912,92],{"class":84},[52,116914,116074],{"class":88},[52,116916,85],{"class":84},[52,116918,12256],{"class":88},[52,116920,329],{"class":84},[52,116922,116923],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,116924,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,116926,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935,116938,116940],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,116928,81],{"class":80},[52,116930,85],{"class":84},[52,116932,12209],{"class":88},[52,116934,835],{"class":761},[52,116936,116937],{"class":88}," deep",[52,116939,3784],{"class":84},[52,116941,116942],{"class":1479},"         # False\n",[52,116944,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,116946,81],{"class":80},[52,116948,85],{"class":84},[52,116950,12256],{"class":88},[52,116952,4021],{"class":84},[52,116954,2235],{"class":608},[52,116956,13397],{"class":84},[52,116958,8220],{"class":761},[52,116960,116937],{"class":88},[52,116962,4021],{"class":84},[52,116964,2235],{"class":608},[52,116966,20572],{"class":84},[52,116968,43997],{"class":1479},[38,116970,116972],{"id":116971},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116974,116975,116976,174],{},"These all make ",[3865,116977,116978],{},"shallow copies",[176,116980,116981,116985,116989,116994,117000],{},[179,116982,116983],{},[15,116984,55723],{},[179,116986,116987],{},[15,116988,12557],{},[179,116990,116991],{},[15,116992,116993],{},"set.copy()",[179,116995,116996,116997],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116998,116999],{},"my_list[:]",[179,117001,117002,117004,117005,35206],{},[15,117003,116152],{}," from the ",[15,117006,13034],{},[20,117008,2241],{},[43,117010,117012],{"className":45,"code":117011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117013,117014,117034,117038,117052,117063,117067,117079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117015,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030,117032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117017,3739],{"class":58},[52,117019,63],{"class":62},[52,117021,3744],{"class":84},[52,117023,3106],{"class":608},[52,117025,318],{"class":84},[52,117027,3111],{"class":608},[52,117029,318],{"class":84},[52,117031,609],{"class":608},[52,117033,3757],{"class":84},[52,117035,117036],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117037,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117039,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117041,2673],{"class":58},[52,117043,63],{"class":62},[52,117045,4384],{"class":58},[52,117047,92],{"class":84},[52,117049,13034],{"class":88},[52,117051,8763],{"class":84},[52,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117055,2701],{"class":58},[52,117057,63],{"class":62},[52,117059,4384],{"class":58},[52,117061,117062],{"class":84},"[:]\n",[52,117064,117065],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117066,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117068,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,117070,81],{"class":80},[52,117072,85],{"class":84},[52,117074,289],{"class":88},[52,117076,3784],{"class":84},[52,117078,55054],{"class":1479},[52,117080,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,117082,81],{"class":80},[52,117084,85],{"class":84},[52,117086,4883],{"class":88},[52,117088,3784],{"class":84},[52,117090,55054],{"class":1479},[20,117092,73260,117093,47657,117097,92],{},[289,117094,117095,1441],{"href":55082},[15,117096,55723],{},[289,117098,117099,1441],{"href":12554},[15,117100,12557],{},[38,117102,117104],{"id":117103},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117106,117107],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[176,117109,117110,117113,117116],{},[179,117111,117112],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[179,117114,117115],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[179,117117,117118],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117120,117121],{},"Example with a flat list:",[43,117123,117125],{"className":45,"code":117124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117126,117127,117147,117161,117165,117179,117183,117195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117128,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117130,12209],{"class":58},[52,117132,63],{"class":62},[52,117134,3744],{"class":84},[52,117136,3106],{"class":608},[52,117138,318],{"class":84},[52,117140,3111],{"class":608},[52,117142,318],{"class":84},[52,117144,609],{"class":608},[52,117146,3757],{"class":84},[52,117148,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117150,14436],{"class":58},[52,117152,63],{"class":62},[52,117154,12284],{"class":58},[52,117156,92],{"class":84},[52,117158,13034],{"class":88},[52,117160,8763],{"class":84},[52,117162,117163],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117164,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117166,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117168,14455],{"class":58},[52,117170,92],{"class":84},[52,117172,13677],{"class":88},[52,117174,85],{"class":84},[52,117176,2623],{"class":608},[52,117178,329],{"class":84},[52,117180,117181],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117182,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117184,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,117186,81],{"class":80},[52,117188,85],{"class":84},[52,117190,12256],{"class":88},[52,117192,3784],{"class":84},[52,117194,55054],{"class":1479},[52,117196,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,117198,81],{"class":80},[52,117200,85],{"class":84},[52,117202,14455],{"class":88},[52,117204,3784],{"class":84},[52,117206,116676],{"class":1479},[20,117208,117209],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117211,117212,117213,92],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[289,117214,15013],{"href":57342},[38,117216,117218],{"id":117217},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117220,117221],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[176,117223,117224,117227,117230],{},[179,117225,117226],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[179,117228,117229],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[179,117231,117232],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117234,117235],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[43,117237,117239],{"className":45,"code":117238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117240,117241,117247,117251,117277,117291,117309,117313,117335,117339,117352,117365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117242,117243,117245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117244,35216],{"class":761},[52,117246,116010],{"class":58},[52,117248,117249],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117250,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117254,12209],{"class":58},[52,117256,63],{"class":62},[52,117258,10612],{"class":84},[52,117260,100],{"class":66},[52,117262,16514],{"class":70},[52,117264,100],{"class":66},[52,117266,174],{"class":84},[52,117268,3744],{"class":84},[52,117270,2448],{"class":608},[52,117272,318],{"class":84},[52,117274,7914],{"class":608},[52,117276,13830],{"class":84},[52,117278,117279,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117280,116045],{"class":58},[52,117282,63],{"class":62},[52,117284,12284],{"class":58},[52,117286,92],{"class":84},[52,117288,13034],{"class":88},[52,117290,8763],{"class":84},[52,117292,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117294,116065],{"class":58},[52,117296,63],{"class":62},[52,117298,116050],{"class":58},[52,117300,92],{"class":84},[52,117302,116074],{"class":88},[52,117304,85],{"class":84},[52,117306,12256],{"class":88},[52,117308,329],{"class":84},[52,117310,117311],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,117312,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117314,117315,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,117316,12256],{"class":58},[52,117318,4021],{"class":84},[52,117320,100],{"class":66},[52,117322,16514],{"class":70},[52,117324,100],{"class":66},[52,117326,13674],{"class":84},[52,117328,13677],{"class":88},[52,117330,85],{"class":84},[52,117332,36967],{"class":608},[52,117334,329],{"class":84},[52,117336,117337],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,117338,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117340,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,117342,81],{"class":80},[52,117344,85],{"class":84},[52,117346,12256],{"class":88},[52,117348,3784],{"class":84},[52,117350,117351],{"class":1479},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117353,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362],{"class":54,"line":6560},[52,117355,81],{"class":80},[52,117357,85],{"class":84},[52,117359,116128],{"class":88},[52,117361,3784],{"class":84},[52,117363,117364],{"class":1479},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117366,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375],{"class":54,"line":11717},[52,117368,81],{"class":80},[52,117370,85],{"class":84},[52,117372,116142],{"class":88},[52,117374,3784],{"class":84},[52,117376,117377],{"class":1479},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117379,117380],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[38,117382,117384],{"id":117383},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117386,117387],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[176,117389,117390,117393,117396,117399],{},[179,117391,117392],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[179,117394,117395],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[179,117397,117398],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[179,117400,117401],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117403,117404],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[43,117406,117408],{"className":45,"code":117407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117409,117410,117418,117426,117430,117438,117442,117454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117411,117412,117414,117416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117413,2673],{"class":58},[52,117415,63],{"class":62},[52,117417,2706],{"class":608},[52,117419,117420,117422,117424],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117421,2701],{"class":58},[52,117423,63],{"class":62},[52,117425,36300],{"class":58},[52,117427,117428],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117429,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117431,117432,117434,117436],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117433,2701],{"class":58},[52,117435,63],{"class":62},[52,117437,14739],{"class":608},[52,117439,117440],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117441,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117443,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,117445,81],{"class":80},[52,117447,85],{"class":84},[52,117449,289],{"class":88},[52,117451,3784],{"class":84},[52,117453,26921],{"class":1479},[52,117455,117456,117458,117460,117462,117464],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,117457,81],{"class":80},[52,117459,85],{"class":84},[52,117461,4883],{"class":88},[52,117463,3784],{"class":84},[52,117465,27741],{"class":1479},[20,117467,93625,117468,117471],{},[289,117469,117470],{"href":12188},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[38,117473,1445],{"id":1444},[20,117475,117476],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[176,117478,117479,117483,117488,117493,117496],{},[179,117480,1828,117481,56906],{},[15,117482,63],{},[179,117484,1828,117485,117487],{},[15,117486,55723],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[179,117489,1828,117490,117492],{},[15,117491,12557],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[179,117494,117495],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[179,117497,117498],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117500,117501],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[43,117503,117505],{"className":45,"code":117504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117506,117507,117521,117535,117557,117588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117508,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117510,81],{"class":80},[52,117512,85],{"class":84},[52,117514,12209],{"class":88},[52,117516,835],{"class":761},[52,117518,14509],{"class":88},[52,117520,329],{"class":84},[52,117522,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117524,81],{"class":80},[52,117526,85],{"class":84},[52,117528,12209],{"class":88},[52,117530,4810],{"class":62},[52,117532,14509],{"class":88},[52,117534,329],{"class":84},[52,117536,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117538,81],{"class":80},[52,117540,85],{"class":84},[52,117542,12772],{"class":80},[52,117544,85],{"class":84},[52,117546,12256],{"class":88},[52,117548,9354],{"class":84},[52,117550,14941],{"class":80},[52,117552,85],{"class":84},[52,117554,14455],{"class":88},[52,117556,108],{"class":84},[52,117558,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117560,81],{"class":80},[52,117562,85],{"class":84},[52,117564,12772],{"class":80},[52,117566,85],{"class":84},[52,117568,12256],{"class":88},[52,117570,4021],{"class":84},[52,117572,2235],{"class":608},[52,117574,117575],{"class":84},"]),",[52,117577,14941],{"class":80},[52,117579,85],{"class":84},[52,117581,14455],{"class":88},[52,117583,4021],{"class":84},[52,117585,2235],{"class":608},[52,117587,3118],{"class":84},[52,117589,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117591,81],{"class":80},[52,117593,85],{"class":84},[52,117595,1930],{"class":1929},[52,117597,85],{"class":84},[52,117599,12256],{"class":88},[52,117601,108],{"class":84},[20,117603,117604],{},"What they tell you:",[176,117606,117607,117612,117617,117622,117632],{},[179,117608,117609,117611],{},[15,117610,835],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[179,117613,117614,117616],{},[15,117615,4810],{}," checks whether values are equal",[179,117618,117619,117621],{},[15,117620,43613],{}," shows the identity of an object",[179,117623,117624,117625,342,117628,117631],{},"comparing ",[15,117626,117627],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117629,117630],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[179,117633,117634,117636],{},[15,117635,2419],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[38,117638,1940],{"id":1939},[412,117640,117642],{"id":117641},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117644,117645],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[412,117647,57392],{"id":57307},[20,117649,117650],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[412,117652,117654],{"id":117653},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117656,117657],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[412,117659,117661],{"id":117660},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117663,117664],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[412,117666,117668],{"id":117667},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117670,117671],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[38,117673,2005],{"id":2004},[176,117675,117676,117681,117687,117693,117697],{},[179,117677,117678],{},[289,117679,117680],{"href":12188},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[179,117682,117683],{},[289,117684,3696,117685,1441],{"href":55082},[15,117686,55723],{},[179,117688,117689],{},[289,117690,3696,117691,1441],{"href":12554},[15,117692,12557],{},[179,117694,117695],{},[289,117696,15089],{"href":57342},[179,117698,117699],{},[289,117700,117701],{"href":58617},"What is a list in Python?",[2035,117703,117704],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":117706},[117707,117708,117709,117710,117711,117712,117717,117718,117719,117720,117721,117722,117729],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":116162,"depth":77,"text":116163},{"id":116183,"depth":77,"text":116184},{"id":116426,"depth":77,"text":116427},{"id":116566,"depth":77,"text":116567},{"id":116682,"depth":77,"text":116683,"children":117713},[117714,117715,117716],{"id":116689,"depth":111,"text":116690},{"id":116758,"depth":111,"text":116759},{"id":116857,"depth":111,"text":116858},{"id":116971,"depth":77,"text":116972},{"id":117103,"depth":77,"text":117104},{"id":117217,"depth":77,"text":117218},{"id":117383,"depth":77,"text":117384},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":117723},[117724,117725,117726,117727,117728],{"id":117641,"depth":111,"text":117642},{"id":57307,"depth":111,"text":57392},{"id":117653,"depth":111,"text":117654},{"id":117660,"depth":111,"text":117661},{"id":117667,"depth":111,"text":117668},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115963,"description":117730},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117736,"title":117737,"body":117738,"description":119595,"extension":2078,"meta":119596,"navigation":221,"path":119597,"seo":119598,"stem":119599,"__hash__":119600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117739,"toc":119553},[117740,117745,117750,117758,117760,117828,117833,117838,117853,117856,117858,117889,117891,117911,117914,117929,117931,117934,118007,118009,118054,118056,118067,118072,118076,118081,118084,118123,118125,118145,118148,118205,118207,118242,118245,118284,118286,118306,118309,118340,118342,118398,118400,118405,118476,118478,118511,118516,118521,118586,118588,118625,118628,118705,118707,118767,118774,118779,118782,118785,118866,118868,118909,118914,118917,118995,118997,119030,119039,119046,119049,119060,119063,119074,119078,119086,119095,119099,119104,119108,119113,119156,119159,119165,119168,119170,119217,119222,119226,119229,119278,119280,119301,119304,119306,119331,119334,119455,119460,119462,119467,119470,119475,119478,119486,119491,119498,119501,119509,119512,119514,119550],[10,117741,3696,117743,3700],{"id":117742},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117744,74544],{},[20,117746,117747,117749],{},[15,117748,74544],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117751,117752,117753,2305,117755,117757],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117754,77987],{},[15,117756,74544],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[38,117759,3729],{"id":3728},[43,117761,117763],{"className":45,"code":117762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117764,117765,117785,117799,117803,117815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117766,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117768,3739],{"class":58},[52,117770,63],{"class":62},[52,117772,3744],{"class":84},[52,117774,627],{"class":608},[52,117776,318],{"class":84},[52,117778,5621],{"class":608},[52,117780,318],{"class":84},[52,117782,3111],{"class":608},[52,117784,3757],{"class":84},[52,117786,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117788,2346],{"class":58},[52,117790,63],{"class":62},[52,117792,74678],{"class":80},[52,117794,85],{"class":84},[52,117796,3771],{"class":88},[52,117798,329],{"class":84},[52,117800,117801],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117802,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117804,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117806,81],{"class":80},[52,117808,85],{"class":84},[52,117810,2381],{"class":88},[52,117812,3784],{"class":84},[52,117814,55810],{"class":1479},[52,117816,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117818,81],{"class":80},[52,117820,85],{"class":84},[52,117822,3771],{"class":88},[52,117824,3784],{"class":84},[52,117826,117827],{"class":1479},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117829,117830,117832],{},[15,117831,74544],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[38,117834,166,117836,169],{"id":117835},"what-sorted-does",[15,117837,74544],{},[176,117839,117840,117844,117847,117850],{},[179,117841,117842,63047],{},[15,117843,74544],{},[179,117845,117846],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[179,117848,117849],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[179,117851,117852],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117854,117855],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[38,117857,296],{"id":295},[43,117859,117861],{"className":45,"code":117860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117862,117863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117864,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117866,74634],{"class":80},[52,117868,85],{"class":84},[52,117870,3842],{"class":88},[52,117872,318],{"class":84},[52,117874,21705],{"class":9296},[52,117876,63],{"class":62},[52,117878,3901],{"class":145},[52,117880,318],{"class":84},[52,117882,78190],{"class":9296},[52,117884,63],{"class":62},[52,117886,35],{"class":145},[52,117888,329],{"class":84},[412,117890,17521],{"id":17520},[176,117892,117893,117898,117903],{},[179,117894,117895,117897],{},[15,117896,3842],{},": the values to sort",[179,117899,117900,117902],{},[15,117901,14966],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[179,117904,117905,117907,117908,117910],{},[15,117906,73697],{},": set to ",[15,117909,31],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117912,117913],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[43,117915,117917],{"className":45,"code":117916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117918,117919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117920,117921,117923,117925,117927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117922,74634],{"class":80},[52,117924,85],{"class":84},[52,117926,60431],{"class":88},[52,117928,329],{"class":84},[38,117930,11597],{"id":11596},[20,117932,117933],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[43,117935,117937],{"className":45,"code":117936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117938,117939,117963,117967,117982,117986,117997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117940,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117942,3739],{"class":58},[52,117944,63],{"class":62},[52,117946,3744],{"class":84},[52,117948,2252],{"class":608},[52,117950,318],{"class":84},[52,117952,3111],{"class":608},[52,117954,318],{"class":84},[52,117956,6483],{"class":608},[52,117958,318],{"class":84},[52,117960,5621],{"class":608},[52,117962,3757],{"class":84},[52,117964,117965],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,117966,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117968,117969,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,117970,117971],{"class":58},"sorted_numbers ",[52,117973,63],{"class":62},[52,117975,74678],{"class":80},[52,117977,85],{"class":84},[52,117979,3771],{"class":88},[52,117981,329],{"class":84},[52,117983,117984],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,117985,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,117987,117988,117990,117992,117995],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,117989,81],{"class":80},[52,117991,85],{"class":84},[52,117993,117994],{"class":88},"sorted_numbers",[52,117996,329],{"class":84},[52,117998,117999,118001,118003,118005],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,118000,81],{"class":80},[52,118002,85],{"class":84},[52,118004,3771],{"class":88},[52,118006,329],{"class":84},[20,118008,135],{},[43,118010,118012],{"className":45,"code":118011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118013,118014,118034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118015,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118017,4021],{"class":84},[52,118019,3106],{"class":608},[52,118021,318],{"class":84},[52,118023,3111],{"class":608},[52,118025,318],{"class":84},[52,118027,4726],{"class":608},[52,118029,318],{"class":84},[52,118031,6483],{"class":608},[52,118033,3757],{"class":84},[52,118035,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118037,4021],{"class":84},[52,118039,2252],{"class":608},[52,118041,318],{"class":84},[52,118043,3111],{"class":608},[52,118045,318],{"class":84},[52,118047,6483],{"class":608},[52,118049,318],{"class":84},[52,118051,5621],{"class":608},[52,118053,3757],{"class":84},[20,118055,13887],{},[176,118057,118058,118063],{},[179,118059,118060,118062],{},[15,118061,117994],{}," is a new sorted list",[179,118064,118065,112599],{},[15,118066,3771],{},[20,118068,118069,118070,92],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[289,118071,78497],{"href":78496},[38,118073,118075],{"id":118074},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118077,118078,118080],{},[15,118079,74544],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[412,118082,118083],{"id":8217},"List",[43,118085,118087],{"className":45,"code":118086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118088,118089,118109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118090,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118092,3739],{"class":58},[52,118094,63],{"class":62},[52,118096,3744],{"class":84},[52,118098,627],{"class":608},[52,118100,318],{"class":84},[52,118102,5621],{"class":608},[52,118104,318],{"class":84},[52,118106,3111],{"class":608},[52,118108,3757],{"class":84},[52,118110,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118112,81],{"class":80},[52,118114,85],{"class":84},[52,118116,74634],{"class":80},[52,118118,85],{"class":84},[52,118120,3771],{"class":88},[52,118122,108],{"class":84},[20,118124,135],{},[43,118126,118127],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118128,118129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118130,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118132,4021],{"class":84},[52,118134,3106],{"class":608},[52,118136,318],{"class":84},[52,118138,3111],{"class":608},[52,118140,318],{"class":84},[52,118142,609],{"class":608},[52,118144,3757],{"class":84},[412,118146,118147],{"id":49077},"Tuple",[43,118149,118151],{"className":45,"code":118150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118152,118153,118173,118187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118154,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118156,3946],{"class":58},[52,118158,63],{"class":62},[52,118160,1370],{"class":84},[52,118162,627],{"class":608},[52,118164,318],{"class":84},[52,118166,5621],{"class":608},[52,118168,318],{"class":84},[52,118170,3111],{"class":608},[52,118172,329],{"class":84},[52,118174,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118176,81],{"class":80},[52,118178,85],{"class":84},[52,118180,74634],{"class":80},[52,118182,85],{"class":84},[52,118184,5482],{"class":88},[52,118186,108],{"class":84},[52,118188,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,118190,81],{"class":80},[52,118192,85],{"class":84},[52,118194,1930],{"class":1929},[52,118196,85],{"class":84},[52,118198,74634],{"class":80},[52,118200,85],{"class":84},[52,118202,5482],{"class":88},[52,118204,546],{"class":84},[20,118206,135],{},[43,118208,118210],{"className":45,"code":118209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118211,118212,118228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118215,4021],{"class":84},[52,118217,3106],{"class":608},[52,118219,318],{"class":84},[52,118221,3111],{"class":608},[52,118223,318],{"class":84},[52,118225,609],{"class":608},[52,118227,3757],{"class":84},[52,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118231,3410],{"class":62},[52,118233,3413],{"class":2180},[52,118235,3416],{"class":66},[52,118237,8217],{"class":70},[52,118239,1888],{"class":66},[52,118241,3423],{"class":62},[412,118243,118244],{"id":6410},"Set",[43,118246,118248],{"className":45,"code":118247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118249,118250,118270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118251,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118253,3946],{"class":58},[52,118255,63],{"class":62},[52,118257,10612],{"class":84},[52,118259,627],{"class":608},[52,118261,318],{"class":84},[52,118263,5621],{"class":608},[52,118265,318],{"class":84},[52,118267,3111],{"class":608},[52,118269,9429],{"class":84},[52,118271,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118273,81],{"class":80},[52,118275,85],{"class":84},[52,118277,74634],{"class":80},[52,118279,85],{"class":84},[52,118281,5482],{"class":88},[52,118283,108],{"class":84},[20,118285,135],{},[43,118287,118288],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118289,118290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118291,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118293,4021],{"class":84},[52,118295,3106],{"class":608},[52,118297,318],{"class":84},[52,118299,3111],{"class":608},[52,118301,318],{"class":84},[52,118303,609],{"class":608},[52,118305,3757],{"class":84},[412,118307,118308],{"id":306},"String",[43,118310,118312],{"className":45,"code":118311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118313,118314,118326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118315,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118317,207],{"class":58},[52,118319,63],{"class":62},[52,118321,67],{"class":66},[52,118323,47],{"class":70},[52,118325,74],{"class":66},[52,118327,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118329,81],{"class":80},[52,118331,85],{"class":84},[52,118333,74634],{"class":80},[52,118335,85],{"class":84},[52,118337,231],{"class":88},[52,118339,108],{"class":84},[20,118341,135],{},[43,118343,118344],{"className":45,"code":79514,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118345,118346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118349,4021],{"class":84},[52,118351,1888],{"class":66},[52,118353,60561],{"class":70},[52,118355,1888],{"class":66},[52,118357,318],{"class":84},[52,118359,3416],{"class":66},[52,118361,76150],{"class":70},[52,118363,1888],{"class":66},[52,118365,318],{"class":84},[52,118367,3416],{"class":66},[52,118369,60596],{"class":70},[52,118371,1888],{"class":66},[52,118373,318],{"class":84},[52,118375,3416],{"class":66},[52,118377,20],{"class":70},[52,118379,1888],{"class":66},[52,118381,318],{"class":84},[52,118383,3416],{"class":66},[52,118385,63408],{"class":70},[52,118387,1888],{"class":66},[52,118389,318],{"class":84},[52,118391,3416],{"class":66},[52,118393,11868],{"class":70},[52,118395,1888],{"class":66},[52,118397,3757],{"class":84},[412,118399,29349],{"id":15729},[20,118401,63661,118402,118404],{},[15,118403,74544],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[43,118406,118408],{"className":45,"code":118407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118409,118410,118462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118411,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118413,13328],{"class":58},[52,118415,63],{"class":62},[52,118417,10612],{"class":84},[52,118419,100],{"class":66},[52,118421,459],{"class":70},[52,118423,100],{"class":66},[52,118425,174],{"class":84},[52,118427,67],{"class":66},[52,118429,13003],{"class":70},[52,118431,100],{"class":66},[52,118433,318],{"class":84},[52,118435,67],{"class":66},[52,118437,9419],{"class":70},[52,118439,100],{"class":66},[52,118441,174],{"class":84},[52,118443,7914],{"class":608},[52,118445,318],{"class":84},[52,118447,67],{"class":66},[52,118449,10530],{"class":70},[52,118451,100],{"class":66},[52,118453,174],{"class":84},[52,118455,67],{"class":66},[52,118457,16156],{"class":70},[52,118459,100],{"class":66},[52,118461,9429],{"class":84},[52,118463,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118465,81],{"class":80},[52,118467,85],{"class":84},[52,118469,74634],{"class":80},[52,118471,85],{"class":84},[52,118473,17433],{"class":88},[52,118475,108],{"class":84},[20,118477,135],{},[43,118479,118481],{"className":45,"code":118480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118482,118483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118484,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118486,4021],{"class":84},[52,118488,1888],{"class":66},[52,118490,9419],{"class":70},[52,118492,1888],{"class":66},[52,118494,318],{"class":84},[52,118496,3416],{"class":66},[52,118498,10530],{"class":70},[52,118500,1888],{"class":66},[52,118502,318],{"class":84},[52,118504,3416],{"class":66},[52,118506,459],{"class":70},[52,118508,1888],{"class":66},[52,118510,3757],{"class":84},[38,118512,1828,118514],{"id":118513},"using-reversetrue",[15,118515,78211],{},[20,118517,154,118518,118520],{},[15,118519,78211],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[43,118522,118524],{"className":45,"code":118523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118525,118526,118546,118550,118564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118527,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118529,3739],{"class":58},[52,118531,63],{"class":62},[52,118533,3744],{"class":84},[52,118535,627],{"class":608},[52,118537,318],{"class":84},[52,118539,5621],{"class":608},[52,118541,318],{"class":84},[52,118543,3111],{"class":608},[52,118545,3757],{"class":84},[52,118547,118548],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118549,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,118551,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,118553,81],{"class":80},[52,118555,85],{"class":84},[52,118557,74634],{"class":80},[52,118559,85],{"class":84},[52,118561,3771],{"class":88},[52,118563,108],{"class":84},[52,118565,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,118567,81],{"class":80},[52,118569,85],{"class":84},[52,118571,74634],{"class":80},[52,118573,85],{"class":84},[52,118575,3771],{"class":88},[52,118577,318],{"class":84},[52,118579,78190],{"class":9296},[52,118581,63],{"class":62},[52,118583,31],{"class":145},[52,118585,108],{"class":84},[20,118587,135],{},[43,118589,118591],{"className":45,"code":118590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118592,118593,118609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118594,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118596,4021],{"class":84},[52,118598,3106],{"class":608},[52,118600,318],{"class":84},[52,118602,3111],{"class":608},[52,118604,318],{"class":84},[52,118606,609],{"class":608},[52,118608,3757],{"class":84},[52,118610,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118612,4021],{"class":84},[52,118614,627],{"class":608},[52,118616,318],{"class":84},[52,118618,3111],{"class":608},[52,118620,318],{"class":84},[52,118622,5621],{"class":608},[52,118624,3757],{"class":84},[20,118626,118627],{},"This also works with strings:",[43,118629,118631],{"className":45,"code":118630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118632,118633,118665,118669,118683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118634,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118636,4190],{"class":58},[52,118638,63],{"class":62},[52,118640,3744],{"class":84},[52,118642,100],{"class":66},[52,118644,4199],{"class":70},[52,118646,100],{"class":66},[52,118648,318],{"class":84},[52,118650,67],{"class":66},[52,118652,4208],{"class":70},[52,118654,100],{"class":66},[52,118656,318],{"class":84},[52,118658,67],{"class":66},[52,118660,4217],{"class":70},[52,118662,100],{"class":66},[52,118664,3757],{"class":84},[52,118666,118667],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118668,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,118670,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,118672,81],{"class":80},[52,118674,85],{"class":84},[52,118676,74634],{"class":80},[52,118678,85],{"class":84},[52,118680,4234],{"class":88},[52,118682,108],{"class":84},[52,118684,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,118686,81],{"class":80},[52,118688,85],{"class":84},[52,118690,74634],{"class":80},[52,118692,85],{"class":84},[52,118694,4234],{"class":88},[52,118696,318],{"class":84},[52,118698,78190],{"class":9296},[52,118700,63],{"class":62},[52,118702,31],{"class":145},[52,118704,108],{"class":84},[20,118706,135],{},[43,118708,118709],{"className":45,"code":74278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118710,118711,118739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118712,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118714,4021],{"class":84},[52,118716,1888],{"class":66},[52,118718,4199],{"class":70},[52,118720,1888],{"class":66},[52,118722,318],{"class":84},[52,118724,3416],{"class":66},[52,118726,4208],{"class":70},[52,118728,1888],{"class":66},[52,118730,318],{"class":84},[52,118732,3416],{"class":66},[52,118734,4217],{"class":70},[52,118736,1888],{"class":66},[52,118738,3757],{"class":84},[52,118740,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118742,4021],{"class":84},[52,118744,1888],{"class":66},[52,118746,4217],{"class":70},[52,118748,1888],{"class":66},[52,118750,318],{"class":84},[52,118752,3416],{"class":66},[52,118754,4208],{"class":70},[52,118756,1888],{"class":66},[52,118758,318],{"class":84},[52,118760,3416],{"class":66},[52,118762,4199],{"class":70},[52,118764,1888],{"class":66},[52,118766,3757],{"class":84},[38,118768,1828,118770,118773],{"id":118769},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118771,118772],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118775,2095,118776,118778],{},[15,118777,118772],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118780,118781],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118783,118784],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[43,118786,118788],{"className":45,"code":118787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118789,118790,118830,118834,118856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118791,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118793,4190],{"class":58},[52,118795,63],{"class":62},[52,118797,3744],{"class":84},[52,118799,100],{"class":66},[52,118801,78864],{"class":70},[52,118803,100],{"class":66},[52,118805,318],{"class":84},[52,118807,67],{"class":66},[52,118809,38484],{"class":70},[52,118811,100],{"class":66},[52,118813,318],{"class":84},[52,118815,67],{"class":66},[52,118817,4208],{"class":70},[52,118819,100],{"class":66},[52,118821,318],{"class":84},[52,118823,67],{"class":66},[52,118825,38467],{"class":70},[52,118827,100],{"class":66},[52,118829,3757],{"class":84},[52,118831,118832],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118833,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,118835,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,118837,2346],{"class":58},[52,118839,63],{"class":62},[52,118841,74678],{"class":80},[52,118843,85],{"class":84},[52,118845,4234],{"class":88},[52,118847,318],{"class":84},[52,118849,21705],{"class":9296},[52,118851,63],{"class":62},[52,118853,11284],{"class":80},[52,118855,329],{"class":84},[52,118857,118858,118860,118862,118864],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,118859,81],{"class":80},[52,118861,85],{"class":84},[52,118863,2381],{"class":88},[52,118865,329],{"class":84},[20,118867,135],{},[43,118869,118871],{"className":45,"code":118870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118872,118873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118874,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118876,4021],{"class":84},[52,118878,1888],{"class":66},[52,118880,38484],{"class":70},[52,118882,1888],{"class":66},[52,118884,318],{"class":84},[52,118886,3416],{"class":66},[52,118888,78864],{"class":70},[52,118890,1888],{"class":66},[52,118892,318],{"class":84},[52,118894,3416],{"class":66},[52,118896,38467],{"class":70},[52,118898,1888],{"class":66},[52,118900,318],{"class":84},[52,118902,3416],{"class":66},[52,118904,4208],{"class":70},[52,118906,1888],{"class":66},[52,118908,3757],{"class":84},[20,118910,20897,118911,118913],{},[15,118912,11284],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118915,118916],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[43,118918,118920],{"className":45,"code":118919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118921,118922,118955,118959,118985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118923,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118951,118953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118925,4190],{"class":58},[52,118927,63],{"class":62},[52,118929,3744],{"class":84},[52,118931,100],{"class":66},[52,118933,83483],{"class":70},[52,118935,100],{"class":66},[52,118937,318],{"class":84},[52,118939,67],{"class":66},[52,118941,4199],{"class":70},[52,118943,100],{"class":66},[52,118945,318],{"class":84},[52,118947,67],{"class":66},[52,118949,118950],{"class":70},"Cherry",[52,118952,100],{"class":66},[52,118954,3757],{"class":84},[52,118956,118957],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,118958,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,118960,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,118962,2346],{"class":58},[52,118964,63],{"class":62},[52,118966,74678],{"class":80},[52,118968,85],{"class":84},[52,118970,4234],{"class":88},[52,118972,318],{"class":84},[52,118974,21705],{"class":9296},[52,118976,63],{"class":62},[52,118978,3563],{"class":1929},[52,118980,92],{"class":84},[52,118982,1238],{"class":1803},[52,118984,329],{"class":84},[52,118986,118987,118989,118991,118993],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,118988,81],{"class":80},[52,118990,85],{"class":84},[52,118992,2381],{"class":88},[52,118994,329],{"class":84},[20,118996,135],{},[43,118998,119000],{"className":45,"code":118999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119001,119002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119003,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119005,4021],{"class":84},[52,119007,1888],{"class":66},[52,119009,4199],{"class":70},[52,119011,1888],{"class":66},[52,119013,318],{"class":84},[52,119015,3416],{"class":66},[52,119017,83483],{"class":70},[52,119019,1888],{"class":66},[52,119021,318],{"class":84},[52,119023,3416],{"class":66},[52,119025,118950],{"class":70},[52,119027,1888],{"class":66},[52,119029,3757],{"class":84},[20,119031,119032,119033,35455,119035,92],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119034,42486],{},[289,119036,3696,119037,3629],{"href":42483},[15,119038,42486],{},[38,119040,119042,10707,119044],{"id":119041},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119043,74544],{},[15,119045,77987],{},[20,119047,119048],{},"The main difference is this:",[176,119050,119051,119056],{},[179,119052,119053,119055],{},[15,119054,74544],{}," returns a new list",[179,119057,119058,74082],{},[15,119059,77987],{},[20,119061,119062],{},"Also:",[176,119064,119065,119070],{},[179,119066,119067,119069],{},[15,119068,74544],{}," works with many iterables",[179,119071,119072,79420],{},[15,119073,77987],{},[20,119075,154,119076,10723],{},[15,119077,74544],{},[176,119079,119080,119083],{},[179,119081,119082],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[179,119084,119085],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119087,119088,119089,92],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[289,119090,3696,119091,10707,119093,5906],{"href":79245},[15,119092,74544],{},[15,119094,77987],{},[38,119096,119098],{"id":119097},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119100,119101,119102,92],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119103,74544],{},[412,119105,119107],{"id":119106},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119109,119110,119111,174],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119112,3124],{},[43,119114,119116],{"className":45,"code":119115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119117,119118,119142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119119,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119121,3946],{"class":58},[52,119123,63],{"class":62},[52,119125,3744],{"class":84},[52,119127,3106],{"class":608},[52,119129,318],{"class":84},[52,119131,67],{"class":66},[52,119133,2172],{"class":70},[52,119135,100],{"class":66},[52,119137,318],{"class":84},[52,119139,609],{"class":608},[52,119141,3757],{"class":84},[52,119143,119144,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119145,81],{"class":80},[52,119147,85],{"class":84},[52,119149,74634],{"class":80},[52,119151,85],{"class":84},[52,119153,5482],{"class":88},[52,119155,108],{"class":84},[20,119157,119158],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[412,119160,119162,119163,2420],{"id":119161},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119164,14966],{},[20,119166,119167],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119169,197],{},[43,119171,119173],{"className":45,"code":119172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119174,119175,119195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119176,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119178,3739],{"class":58},[52,119180,63],{"class":62},[52,119182,3744],{"class":84},[52,119184,2448],{"class":608},[52,119186,318],{"class":84},[52,119188,3111],{"class":608},[52,119190,318],{"class":84},[52,119192,7919],{"class":608},[52,119194,3757],{"class":84},[52,119196,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119198,81],{"class":80},[52,119200,85],{"class":84},[52,119202,74634],{"class":80},[52,119204,85],{"class":84},[52,119206,3771],{"class":88},[52,119208,318],{"class":84},[52,119210,21705],{"class":9296},[52,119212,63],{"class":62},[52,119214,11284],{"class":80},[52,119216,108],{"class":84},[20,119218,48634,119219,119221],{},[15,119220,42486],{}," does not work on integers.",[412,119223,119225],{"id":119224},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119227,119228],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,119230,119232],{"className":45,"code":119231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119233,119234,119254,119264,119268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119235,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119237,3739],{"class":58},[52,119239,63],{"class":62},[52,119241,3744],{"class":84},[52,119243,627],{"class":608},[52,119245,318],{"class":84},[52,119247,5621],{"class":608},[52,119249,318],{"class":84},[52,119251,3111],{"class":608},[52,119253,3757],{"class":84},[52,119255,119256,119258,119260,119262],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119257,74634],{"class":80},[52,119259,85],{"class":84},[52,119261,3771],{"class":88},[52,119263,329],{"class":84},[52,119265,119266],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,119267,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,119269,119270,119272,119274,119276],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,119271,81],{"class":80},[52,119273,85],{"class":84},[52,119275,3771],{"class":88},[52,119277,329],{"class":84},[20,119279,135],{},[43,119281,119283],{"className":45,"code":119282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119284,119285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119286,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119288,4021],{"class":84},[52,119290,627],{"class":608},[52,119292,318],{"class":84},[52,119294,5621],{"class":608},[52,119296,318],{"class":84},[52,119298,3111],{"class":608},[52,119300,3757],{"class":84},[20,119302,119303],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[38,119305,1445],{"id":1444},[176,119307,119308,119312,119315,119320,119324],{},[179,119309,4700,119310,74082],{},[15,119311,74544],{},[179,119313,119314],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[179,119316,4826,119317,119319],{},[15,119318,74544],{}," always returns a list",[179,119321,1828,119322,23230],{},[15,119323,118772],{},[179,119325,29776,119326,119328,119329],{},[15,119327,64433],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119330,74544],{},[20,119332,119333],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[43,119335,119337],{"className":45,"code":119336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119338,119339,119361,119387,119425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119340,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119342,81],{"class":80},[52,119344,85],{"class":84},[52,119346,74634],{"class":80},[52,119348,3103],{"class":84},[52,119350,627],{"class":608},[52,119352,318],{"class":84},[52,119354,5621],{"class":608},[52,119356,318],{"class":84},[52,119358,3111],{"class":608},[52,119360,3118],{"class":84},[52,119362,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119364,81],{"class":80},[52,119366,85],{"class":84},[52,119368,1930],{"class":1929},[52,119370,85],{"class":84},[52,119372,74634],{"class":80},[52,119374,519],{"class":84},[52,119376,627],{"class":608},[52,119378,318],{"class":84},[52,119380,5621],{"class":608},[52,119382,318],{"class":84},[52,119384,3111],{"class":608},[52,119386,93481],{"class":84},[52,119388,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,119390,81],{"class":80},[52,119392,85],{"class":84},[52,119394,74634],{"class":80},[52,119396,3103],{"class":84},[52,119398,1888],{"class":66},[52,119400,83483],{"class":70},[52,119402,1888],{"class":66},[52,119404,318],{"class":84},[52,119406,3416],{"class":66},[52,119408,4199],{"class":70},[52,119410,1888],{"class":66},[52,119412,18187],{"class":84},[52,119414,21705],{"class":9296},[52,119416,63],{"class":62},[52,119418,3563],{"class":1929},[52,119420,92],{"class":84},[52,119422,1238],{"class":1803},[52,119424,108],{"class":84},[52,119426,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437,119439,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,119428,81],{"class":80},[52,119430,85],{"class":84},[52,119432,74634],{"class":80},[52,119434,3103],{"class":84},[52,119436,627],{"class":608},[52,119438,318],{"class":84},[52,119440,5621],{"class":608},[52,119442,318],{"class":84},[52,119444,3111],{"class":608},[52,119446,18187],{"class":84},[52,119448,78190],{"class":9296},[52,119450,63],{"class":62},[52,119452,31],{"class":145},[52,119454,108],{"class":84},[20,119456,119457,119458,92],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[289,119459,52893],{"href":51102},[38,119461,1940],{"id":1939},[412,119463,1944,119465,57286],{"id":119464},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119466,74544],{},[20,119468,119469],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[412,119471,5266,119473,12838],{"id":119472},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119474,74544],{},[20,119476,119477],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[412,119479,119481,119482,11214,119484,1993],{"id":119480},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119483,74544],{},[15,119485,77987],{},[20,119487,154,119488,119490],{},[15,119489,74544],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[412,119492,5266,119494,86571,119496,1993],{"id":119493},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119495,118772],{},[15,119497,74544],{},[20,119499,119500],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[412,119502,5282,119504,119506,119507,1993],{"id":119503},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119505,74544],{}," give a ",[15,119508,3124],{},[20,119510,119511],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[38,119513,2005],{"id":2004},[176,119515,119516,119520,119528,119532,119538,119544],{},[179,119517,119518],{},[289,119519,79993],{"href":78496},[179,119521,119522],{},[289,119523,3696,119524,10707,119526,5906],{"href":79245},[15,119525,74544],{},[15,119527,77987],{},[179,119529,119530],{},[289,119531,52893],{"href":51102},[179,119533,119534],{},[289,119535,3696,119536,3629],{"href":42483},[15,119537,42486],{},[179,119539,119540],{},[289,119541,3696,119542,3629],{"href":92137},[15,119543,35875],{},[179,119545,119546],{},[289,119547,3696,119548,3629],{"href":36320},[15,119549,36323],{},[2035,119551,119552],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":119554},[119555,119556,119558,119561,119562,119569,119571,119573,119575,119581,119582,119594],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":117835,"depth":77,"text":119557},"What sorted() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":119559},[119560],{"id":17520,"depth":111,"text":17521},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":118074,"depth":77,"text":118075,"children":119563},[119564,119565,119566,119567,119568],{"id":8217,"depth":111,"text":118083},{"id":49077,"depth":111,"text":118147},{"id":6410,"depth":111,"text":118244},{"id":306,"depth":111,"text":118308},{"id":15729,"depth":111,"text":29349},{"id":118513,"depth":77,"text":119570},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118769,"depth":77,"text":119572},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119041,"depth":77,"text":119574},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119097,"depth":77,"text":119098,"children":119576},[119577,119578,119580],{"id":119106,"depth":111,"text":119107},{"id":119161,"depth":111,"text":119579},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119224,"depth":111,"text":119225},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":119583},[119584,119586,119588,119590,119592],{"id":119464,"depth":111,"text":119585},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119472,"depth":111,"text":119587},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119480,"depth":111,"text":119589},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119493,"depth":111,"text":119591},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119503,"depth":111,"text":119593},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117737,"description":119595},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119602,"title":119603,"body":119604,"description":121715,"extension":2078,"meta":121716,"navigation":221,"path":79245,"seo":121717,"stem":121718,"__hash__":121719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119605,"toc":121662},[119606,119613,119616,119626,119632,119635,119653,119661,119663,119722,119730,119734,119756,119760,119764,119766,119783,119785,119797,119803,119887,119891,119938,119944,119951,119955,119960,119962,119974,119979,120032,120036,120056,120063,120070,120074,120077,120096,120100,120214,120218,120288,120290,120302,120307,120311,120324,120328,120403,120407,120446,120453,120459,120464,120468,120482,120486,120551,120555,120588,120591,120596,120604,120611,120624,120627,120631,120714,120718,120755,120759,120862,120866,120927,120932,120939,120943,120946,120952,120955,121022,121026,121050,121052,121070,121077,121130,121134,121154,121160,121162,121219,121226,121252,121257,121262,121270,121276,121336,121340,121387,121390,121392,121395,121421,121424,121517,121519,121539,121543,121546,121564,121570,121572,121580,121585,121592,121595,121601,121604,121610,121618,121626,121631,121633,121659],[10,119607,3696,119609,10707,119611,93195],{"id":119608},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119610,74544],{},[15,119612,77987],{},[20,119614,119615],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[176,119617,119618,119622],{},[179,119619,119620],{},[15,119621,74544],{},[179,119623,119624],{},[15,119625,77987],{},[20,119627,119628,119629,119631],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3865,119630,4752],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119633,119634],{},"The main difference is simple:",[176,119636,119637,119645],{},[179,119638,154,119639,119641,119642],{},[15,119640,74544],{}," when you want a ",[3865,119643,119644],{},"new sorted result",[179,119646,154,119647,119649,119650],{},[15,119648,77987],{}," when you want to ",[3865,119651,119652],{},"change the original list",[20,119654,119655,119656,2515,119658,119660],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119657,77987],{},[15,119659,3901],{}," and causes confusion.",[38,119662,3729],{"id":3728},[43,119664,119666],{"className":45,"code":119665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119667,119668,119688,119692,119709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119669,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119671,3739],{"class":58},[52,119673,63],{"class":62},[52,119675,3744],{"class":84},[52,119677,627],{"class":608},[52,119679,318],{"class":84},[52,119681,5621],{"class":608},[52,119683,318],{"class":84},[52,119685,3111],{"class":608},[52,119687,3757],{"class":84},[52,119689,119690],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119691,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,119693,119694,119696,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,119695,56012],{"class":58},[52,119697,63],{"class":62},[52,119699,74678],{"class":80},[52,119701,85],{"class":84},[52,119703,3771],{"class":88},[52,119705,3784],{"class":84},[52,119707,119708],{"class":1479},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[52,119710,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,119712,3771],{"class":58},[52,119714,92],{"class":84},[52,119716,34924],{"class":88},[52,119718,7489],{"class":84},[52,119720,119721],{"class":1479},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119723,154,119724,119726,119727,119729],{},[15,119725,74544],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119728,77987],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[38,119731,119733],{"id":119732},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[176,119735,119736,119741,119746,119753],{},[179,119737,154,119738,119740],{},[15,119739,74544],{}," to get a new sorted list",[179,119742,154,119743,119745],{},[15,119744,77987],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[179,119747,119748,119749,2515,119751],{},"Understand why ",[15,119750,77987],{},[15,119752,3901],{},[179,119754,119755],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[38,119757,166,119758,169],{"id":117835},[15,119759,74544],{},[20,119761,119762,63047],{},[15,119763,74544],{},[20,119765,49051],{},[176,119767,119768,119774,119780],{},[179,119769,119770,119771],{},"returns a ",[3865,119772,119773],{},"new list",[179,119775,119776,119777,119779],{},"does ",[3865,119778,4752],{}," change the original data",[179,119781,119782],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119784,51256],{},[176,119786,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795],{},[179,119788,5423],{},[179,119790,5426],{},[179,119792,5432],{},[179,119794,5429],{},[179,119796,36036],{},[412,119798,35203,119800,119802],{"id":119799},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119801,74544],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[43,119804,119806],{"className":45,"code":119805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119807,119808,119828,119832,119846,119850,119868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119809,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119811,3739],{"class":58},[52,119813,63],{"class":62},[52,119815,3744],{"class":84},[52,119817,627],{"class":608},[52,119819,318],{"class":84},[52,119821,5621],{"class":608},[52,119823,318],{"class":84},[52,119825,3111],{"class":608},[52,119827,3757],{"class":84},[52,119829,119830],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119831,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,119833,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,119835,2346],{"class":58},[52,119837,63],{"class":62},[52,119839,74678],{"class":80},[52,119841,85],{"class":84},[52,119843,3771],{"class":88},[52,119845,329],{"class":84},[52,119847,119848],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,119849,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,119851,119852,119854,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,119853,81],{"class":80},[52,119855,85],{"class":84},[52,119857,100],{"class":66},[52,119859,12277],{"class":70},[52,119861,100],{"class":66},[52,119863,318],{"class":84},[52,119865,4384],{"class":88},[52,119867,329],{"class":84},[52,119869,119870,119872,119874,119876,119879,119881,119883,119885],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,119871,81],{"class":80},[52,119873,85],{"class":84},[52,119875,100],{"class":66},[52,119877,119878],{"class":70},"sorted result:",[52,119880,100],{"class":66},[52,119882,318],{"class":84},[52,119884,81337],{"class":88},[52,119886,329],{"class":84},[20,119888,119889],{},[3865,119890,135],{},[43,119892,119894],{"className":45,"code":119893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119895,119896,119916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119897,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119899,12256],{"class":58},[52,119901,174],{"class":84},[52,119903,3744],{"class":84},[52,119905,627],{"class":608},[52,119907,318],{"class":84},[52,119909,5621],{"class":608},[52,119911,318],{"class":84},[52,119913,3111],{"class":608},[52,119915,3757],{"class":84},[52,119917,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932,119934,119936],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,119919,74634],{"class":80},[52,119921,81337],{"class":58},[52,119923,174],{"class":84},[52,119925,3744],{"class":84},[52,119927,3106],{"class":608},[52,119929,318],{"class":84},[52,119931,3111],{"class":608},[52,119933,318],{"class":84},[52,119935,609],{"class":608},[52,119937,3757],{"class":84},[20,119939,119940,119941,119943],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119942,3771],{}," stays the same.",[20,119945,119946,119947,92],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[289,119948,3696,119949,3629],{"href":74641},[15,119950,74544],{},[38,119952,166,119953,169],{"id":78053},[15,119954,77987],{},[20,119956,119957,119959],{},[15,119958,64433],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119961,49051],{},[176,119963,119964,119967,119970],{},[179,119965,119966],{},"changes the original list directly",[179,119968,119969],{},"only works on lists",[179,119971,3813,119972],{},[15,119973,3901],{},[412,119975,35203,119977,74082],{"id":119976},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119978,77987],{},[43,119980,119982],{"className":45,"code":119981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119983,119984,120004,120008,120018,120022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119985,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119987,3739],{"class":58},[52,119989,63],{"class":62},[52,119991,3744],{"class":84},[52,119993,627],{"class":608},[52,119995,318],{"class":84},[52,119997,5621],{"class":608},[52,119999,318],{"class":84},[52,120001,3111],{"class":608},[52,120003,3757],{"class":84},[52,120005,120006],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120007,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120009,120010,120012,120014,120016],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120011,3771],{"class":58},[52,120013,92],{"class":84},[52,120015,34924],{"class":88},[52,120017,8763],{"class":84},[52,120019,120020],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,120021,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120023,120024,120026,120028,120030],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,120025,81],{"class":80},[52,120027,85],{"class":84},[52,120029,3771],{"class":88},[52,120031,329],{"class":84},[20,120033,120034],{},[3865,120035,135],{},[43,120037,120038],{"className":45,"code":55272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120039,120040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120041,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120043,4021],{"class":84},[52,120045,3106],{"class":608},[52,120047,318],{"class":84},[52,120049,3111],{"class":608},[52,120051,318],{"class":84},[52,120053,609],{"class":608},[52,120055,3757],{"class":84},[20,120057,120058,120059,120062],{},"After calling ",[15,120060,120061],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120064,120065,120066,92],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[289,120067,3696,120068,1441],{"href":74895},[15,120069,77987],{},[38,120071,120073],{"id":120072},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120075,120076],{},"Here is the core difference:",[176,120078,120079,120088],{},[179,120080,120081,120084,120085],{},[15,120082,120083],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3865,120086,120087],{},"new sorted list",[179,120089,120090,120093,120094,74452],{},[15,120091,120092],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120095,8463],{},[412,120097,120099],{"id":120098},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[43,120101,120103],{"className":45,"code":120102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120104,120105,120125,120129,120143,120162,120181,120185,120195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120106,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120108,3739],{"class":58},[52,120110,63],{"class":62},[52,120112,3744],{"class":84},[52,120114,2252],{"class":608},[52,120116,318],{"class":84},[52,120118,3111],{"class":608},[52,120120,318],{"class":84},[52,120122,2575],{"class":608},[52,120124,3757],{"class":84},[52,120126,120127],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120128,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120130,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120132,2673],{"class":58},[52,120134,63],{"class":62},[52,120136,74678],{"class":80},[52,120138,85],{"class":84},[52,120140,3771],{"class":88},[52,120142,329],{"class":84},[52,120144,120145,120147,120149,120151,120154,120156,120158,120160],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,120146,81],{"class":80},[52,120148,85],{"class":84},[52,120150,100],{"class":66},[52,120152,120153],{"class":70},"numbers after sorted():",[52,120155,100],{"class":66},[52,120157,318],{"class":84},[52,120159,4384],{"class":88},[52,120161,329],{"class":84},[52,120163,120164,120166,120168,120170,120173,120175,120177,120179],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,120165,81],{"class":80},[52,120167,85],{"class":84},[52,120169,100],{"class":66},[52,120171,120172],{"class":70},"a:",[52,120174,100],{"class":66},[52,120176,318],{"class":84},[52,120178,57010],{"class":88},[52,120180,329],{"class":84},[52,120182,120183],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,120184,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120186,120187,120189,120191,120193],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,120188,3771],{"class":58},[52,120190,92],{"class":84},[52,120192,34924],{"class":88},[52,120194,8763],{"class":84},[52,120196,120197,120199,120201,120203,120206,120208,120210,120212],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,120198,81],{"class":80},[52,120200,85],{"class":84},[52,120202,100],{"class":66},[52,120204,120205],{"class":70},"numbers after sort():",[52,120207,100],{"class":66},[52,120209,318],{"class":84},[52,120211,4384],{"class":88},[52,120213,329],{"class":84},[20,120215,120216],{},[3865,120217,135],{},[43,120219,120221],{"className":45,"code":120220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120222,120223,120246,120266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120224,120225,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120226,120227],{"class":58},"numbers after ",[52,120229,74634],{"class":80},[52,120231,29710],{"class":84},[52,120233,3744],{"class":84},[52,120235,2252],{"class":608},[52,120237,318],{"class":84},[52,120239,3111],{"class":608},[52,120241,318],{"class":84},[52,120243,2575],{"class":608},[52,120245,3757],{"class":84},[52,120247,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120249,289],{"class":58},[52,120251,174],{"class":84},[52,120253,3744],{"class":84},[52,120255,2172],{"class":608},[52,120257,318],{"class":84},[52,120259,2575],{"class":608},[52,120261,318],{"class":84},[52,120263,4726],{"class":608},[52,120265,3757],{"class":84},[52,120267,120268,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120269,120227],{"class":58},[52,120271,34924],{"class":88},[52,120273,29710],{"class":84},[52,120275,3744],{"class":84},[52,120277,2172],{"class":608},[52,120279,318],{"class":84},[52,120281,2575],{"class":608},[52,120283,318],{"class":84},[52,120285,4726],{"class":608},[52,120287,3757],{"class":84},[20,120289,10835],{},[176,120291,120292,120297],{},[179,120293,120294,120296],{},[15,120295,74544],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[179,120298,120299,120301],{},[15,120300,64433],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[38,120303,5084,120305],{"id":120304},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120306,74544],{},[20,120308,154,120309,10723],{},[15,120310,74544],{},[176,120312,120313,120316,120318,120321],{},[179,120314,120315],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[179,120317,119085],{},[179,120319,120320],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[179,120322,120323],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[412,120325,120327],{"id":120326},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[43,120329,120331],{"className":45,"code":120330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120332,120333,120357,120361,120375,120379,120389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120334,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120336,3739],{"class":58},[52,120338,63],{"class":62},[52,120340,1370],{"class":84},[52,120342,2623],{"class":608},[52,120344,318],{"class":84},[52,120346,5621],{"class":608},[52,120348,318],{"class":84},[52,120350,609],{"class":608},[52,120352,318],{"class":84},[52,120354,3111],{"class":608},[52,120356,329],{"class":84},[52,120358,120359],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120360,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120362,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120364,2346],{"class":58},[52,120366,63],{"class":62},[52,120368,74678],{"class":80},[52,120370,85],{"class":84},[52,120372,3771],{"class":88},[52,120374,329],{"class":84},[52,120376,120377],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,120378,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120380,120381,120383,120385,120387],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,120382,81],{"class":80},[52,120384,85],{"class":84},[52,120386,2381],{"class":88},[52,120388,329],{"class":84},[52,120390,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,120392,81],{"class":80},[52,120394,85],{"class":84},[52,120396,1930],{"class":1929},[52,120398,85],{"class":84},[52,120400,2381],{"class":88},[52,120402,108],{"class":84},[20,120404,120405],{},[3865,120406,135],{},[43,120408,120410],{"className":45,"code":120409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120411,120412,120432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120413,120414,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120415,4021],{"class":84},[52,120417,3106],{"class":608},[52,120419,318],{"class":84},[52,120421,3111],{"class":608},[52,120423,318],{"class":84},[52,120425,609],{"class":608},[52,120427,318],{"class":84},[52,120429,2575],{"class":608},[52,120431,3757],{"class":84},[52,120433,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120435,3410],{"class":62},[52,120437,3413],{"class":2180},[52,120439,3416],{"class":66},[52,120441,8217],{"class":70},[52,120443,1888],{"class":66},[52,120445,3423],{"class":62},[20,120447,2403,120448,120450,120451,92],{},[15,120449,74544],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3865,120452,8217],{},[20,120454,120455,120456,120458],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[289,120457,52893],{"href":51102}," is a helpful next step.",[38,120460,5084,120462],{"id":120461},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120463,77987],{},[20,120465,154,120466,10723],{},[15,120467,77987],{},[176,120469,120470,120473,120476,120479],{},[179,120471,120472],{},"you already have a list",[179,120474,120475],{},"you want to update that list directly",[179,120477,120478],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[179,120480,120481],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[412,120483,120485],{"id":120484},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[43,120487,120489],{"className":45,"code":120488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120490,120491,120523,120527,120537,120541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120492,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120494,5118],{"class":58},[52,120496,63],{"class":62},[52,120498,3744],{"class":84},[52,120500,100],{"class":66},[52,120502,5145],{"class":70},[52,120504,100],{"class":66},[52,120506,318],{"class":84},[52,120508,67],{"class":66},[52,120510,5127],{"class":70},[52,120512,100],{"class":66},[52,120514,318],{"class":84},[52,120516,67],{"class":66},[52,120518,5136],{"class":70},[52,120520,100],{"class":66},[52,120522,3757],{"class":84},[52,120524,120525],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120526,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120528,120529,120531,120533,120535],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120530,5162],{"class":58},[52,120532,92],{"class":84},[52,120534,34924],{"class":88},[52,120536,8763],{"class":84},[52,120538,120539],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,120540,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120542,120543,120545,120547,120549],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,120544,81],{"class":80},[52,120546,85],{"class":84},[52,120548,5162],{"class":88},[52,120550,329],{"class":84},[20,120552,120553],{},[3865,120554,135],{},[43,120556,120558],{"className":45,"code":120557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120559,120560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120561,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584,120586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120563,4021],{"class":84},[52,120565,1888],{"class":66},[52,120567,5127],{"class":70},[52,120569,1888],{"class":66},[52,120571,318],{"class":84},[52,120573,3416],{"class":66},[52,120575,5136],{"class":70},[52,120577,1888],{"class":66},[52,120579,318],{"class":84},[52,120581,3416],{"class":66},[52,120583,5145],{"class":70},[52,120585,1888],{"class":66},[52,120587,3757],{"class":84},[20,120589,120590],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120592,120593,120594,92],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[289,120595,79993],{"href":78496},[38,120597,120599,342,120601,120603],{"id":120598},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120600,73697],{},[15,120602,14966],{}," work with both",[20,120605,10712,120606,342,120608,120610],{},[15,120607,74544],{},[15,120609,77987],{}," support:",[176,120612,120613,120618],{},[179,120614,120615,120617],{},[15,120616,78211],{}," for descending order",[179,120619,120620,120623],{},[15,120621,120622],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120625,120626],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[412,120628,120630],{"id":120629},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[43,120632,120634],{"className":45,"code":120633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120635,120636,120656,120660,120682,120686,120704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120637,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120639,3739],{"class":58},[52,120641,63],{"class":62},[52,120643,3744],{"class":84},[52,120645,627],{"class":608},[52,120647,318],{"class":84},[52,120649,5621],{"class":608},[52,120651,318],{"class":84},[52,120653,3111],{"class":608},[52,120655,3757],{"class":84},[52,120657,120658],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120659,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120661,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120663,81],{"class":80},[52,120665,85],{"class":84},[52,120667,74634],{"class":80},[52,120669,85],{"class":84},[52,120671,3771],{"class":88},[52,120673,318],{"class":84},[52,120675,78190],{"class":9296},[52,120677,63],{"class":62},[52,120679,31],{"class":145},[52,120681,108],{"class":84},[52,120683,120684],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,120685,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,120689,3771],{"class":58},[52,120691,92],{"class":84},[52,120693,34924],{"class":88},[52,120695,85],{"class":84},[52,120697,73697],{"class":9296},[52,120699,63],{"class":62},[52,120701,31],{"class":145},[52,120703,329],{"class":84},[52,120705,120706,120708,120710,120712],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,120707,81],{"class":80},[52,120709,85],{"class":84},[52,120711,3771],{"class":88},[52,120713,329],{"class":84},[20,120715,120716],{},[3865,120717,135],{},[43,120719,120721],{"className":45,"code":120720,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120722,120723,120739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120724,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120726,4021],{"class":84},[52,120728,627],{"class":608},[52,120730,318],{"class":84},[52,120732,3111],{"class":608},[52,120734,318],{"class":84},[52,120736,5621],{"class":608},[52,120738,3757],{"class":84},[52,120740,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120742,4021],{"class":84},[52,120744,627],{"class":608},[52,120746,318],{"class":84},[52,120748,3111],{"class":608},[52,120750,318],{"class":84},[52,120752,5621],{"class":608},[52,120754,3757],{"class":84},[412,120756,120758],{"id":120757},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[43,120760,120762],{"className":45,"code":120761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120763,120764,120796,120800,120826,120830,120852],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120765,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120767,4190],{"class":58},[52,120769,63],{"class":62},[52,120771,3744],{"class":84},[52,120773,100],{"class":66},[52,120775,83483],{"class":70},[52,120777,100],{"class":66},[52,120779,318],{"class":84},[52,120781,67],{"class":66},[52,120783,4199],{"class":70},[52,120785,100],{"class":66},[52,120787,318],{"class":84},[52,120789,67],{"class":66},[52,120791,118950],{"class":70},[52,120793,100],{"class":66},[52,120795,3757],{"class":84},[52,120797,120798],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120799,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120801,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120803,81],{"class":80},[52,120805,85],{"class":84},[52,120807,74634],{"class":80},[52,120809,85],{"class":84},[52,120811,4234],{"class":88},[52,120813,318],{"class":84},[52,120815,21705],{"class":9296},[52,120817,63],{"class":62},[52,120819,3563],{"class":1929},[52,120821,92],{"class":84},[52,120823,1238],{"class":1803},[52,120825,108],{"class":84},[52,120827,120828],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,120829,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120831,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,120833,4234],{"class":58},[52,120835,92],{"class":84},[52,120837,34924],{"class":88},[52,120839,85],{"class":84},[52,120841,14966],{"class":9296},[52,120843,63],{"class":62},[52,120845,3563],{"class":1929},[52,120847,92],{"class":84},[52,120849,1238],{"class":1803},[52,120851,329],{"class":84},[52,120853,120854,120856,120858,120860],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,120855,81],{"class":80},[52,120857,85],{"class":84},[52,120859,4234],{"class":88},[52,120861,329],{"class":84},[20,120863,120864],{},[3865,120865,135],{},[43,120867,120869],{"className":45,"code":120868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120870,120871,120899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120872,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120874,4021],{"class":84},[52,120876,1888],{"class":66},[52,120878,4199],{"class":70},[52,120880,1888],{"class":66},[52,120882,318],{"class":84},[52,120884,3416],{"class":66},[52,120886,83483],{"class":70},[52,120888,1888],{"class":66},[52,120890,318],{"class":84},[52,120892,3416],{"class":66},[52,120894,118950],{"class":70},[52,120896,1888],{"class":66},[52,120898,3757],{"class":84},[52,120900,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120902,4021],{"class":84},[52,120904,1888],{"class":66},[52,120906,4199],{"class":70},[52,120908,1888],{"class":66},[52,120910,318],{"class":84},[52,120912,3416],{"class":66},[52,120914,83483],{"class":70},[52,120916,1888],{"class":66},[52,120918,318],{"class":84},[52,120920,3416],{"class":66},[52,120922,118950],{"class":70},[52,120924,1888],{"class":66},[52,120926,3757],{"class":84},[20,120928,1828,120929,120931],{},[15,120930,78705],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120933,120934,120935,92],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[289,120936,120938],{"href":120937},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[38,120940,120942],{"id":120941},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120944,120945],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[412,120947,120949,120950,12720],{"id":120948},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120951,77987],{},[20,120953,120954],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[43,120956,120958],{"className":45,"code":120957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120959,120960,120980,120984,120998,121002,121012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120961,120962,120964,120966,120968,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120963,3739],{"class":58},[52,120965,63],{"class":62},[52,120967,3744],{"class":84},[52,120969,627],{"class":608},[52,120971,318],{"class":84},[52,120973,5621],{"class":608},[52,120975,318],{"class":84},[52,120977,3111],{"class":608},[52,120979,3757],{"class":84},[52,120981,120982],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,120983,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,120985,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,120987,2346],{"class":58},[52,120989,63],{"class":62},[52,120991,4384],{"class":58},[52,120993,92],{"class":84},[52,120995,34924],{"class":88},[52,120997,8763],{"class":84},[52,120999,121000],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121001,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121003,121004,121006,121008,121010],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,121005,81],{"class":80},[52,121007,85],{"class":84},[52,121009,2381],{"class":88},[52,121011,329],{"class":84},[52,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,121015,81],{"class":80},[52,121017,85],{"class":84},[52,121019,3771],{"class":88},[52,121021,329],{"class":84},[20,121023,121024],{},[3865,121025,135],{},[43,121027,121028],{"className":45,"code":79328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121029,121030,121034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121031,121032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121033,11931],{"class":145},[52,121035,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121037,4021],{"class":84},[52,121039,3106],{"class":608},[52,121041,318],{"class":84},[52,121043,3111],{"class":608},[52,121045,318],{"class":84},[52,121047,609],{"class":608},[52,121049,3757],{"class":84},[20,121051,12023],{},[176,121053,121054,121059,121064],{},[179,121055,121056,121058],{},[15,121057,120061],{}," sorts the list in place",[179,121060,35140,121061,121063],{},[3865,121062,4752],{}," return the sorted list",[179,121065,90103,121066,42280,121068],{},[15,121067,2381],{},[15,121069,3901],{},[412,121071,121073,121074,121076],{"id":121072},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121075,74544],{}," to change the original list",[43,121078,121080],{"className":45,"code":121079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121081,121082,121102,121106,121116,121120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121083,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098,121100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121085,3739],{"class":58},[52,121087,63],{"class":62},[52,121089,3744],{"class":84},[52,121091,627],{"class":608},[52,121093,318],{"class":84},[52,121095,5621],{"class":608},[52,121097,318],{"class":84},[52,121099,3111],{"class":608},[52,121101,3757],{"class":84},[52,121103,121104],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121105,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121107,121108,121110,121112,121114],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,121109,74634],{"class":80},[52,121111,85],{"class":84},[52,121113,3771],{"class":88},[52,121115,329],{"class":84},[52,121117,121118],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121119,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121121,121122,121124,121126,121128],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,121123,81],{"class":80},[52,121125,85],{"class":84},[52,121127,3771],{"class":88},[52,121129,329],{"class":84},[20,121131,121132],{},[3865,121133,135],{},[43,121135,121136],{"className":45,"code":119282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121137,121138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121139,121140,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150,121152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121141,4021],{"class":84},[52,121143,627],{"class":608},[52,121145,318],{"class":84},[52,121147,5621],{"class":608},[52,121149,318],{"class":84},[52,121151,3111],{"class":608},[52,121153,3757],{"class":84},[20,121155,121156,121159],{},[15,121157,121158],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121161,10929],{},[43,121163,121165],{"className":45,"code":121164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121166,121167,121187,121191,121205,121209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121168,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121170,3739],{"class":58},[52,121172,63],{"class":62},[52,121174,3744],{"class":84},[52,121176,627],{"class":608},[52,121178,318],{"class":84},[52,121180,5621],{"class":608},[52,121182,318],{"class":84},[52,121184,3111],{"class":608},[52,121186,3757],{"class":84},[52,121188,121189],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121190,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121192,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,121194,55764],{"class":58},[52,121196,63],{"class":62},[52,121198,74678],{"class":80},[52,121200,85],{"class":84},[52,121202,3771],{"class":88},[52,121204,329],{"class":84},[52,121206,121207],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121208,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121210,121211,121213,121215,121217],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,121212,81],{"class":80},[52,121214,85],{"class":84},[52,121216,55783],{"class":88},[52,121218,329],{"class":84},[412,121220,121222,121223,121225],{"id":121221},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121224,64433],{}," on a tuple or string",[43,121227,121228],{"className":45,"code":79430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121229,121230,121242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121231,121232,121234,121236,121238,121240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121233,207],{"class":58},[52,121235,63],{"class":62},[52,121237,67],{"class":66},[52,121239,47],{"class":70},[52,121241,74],{"class":66},[52,121243,121244,121246,121248,121250],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121245,231],{"class":58},[52,121247,92],{"class":84},[52,121249,34924],{"class":88},[52,121251,8763],{"class":84},[20,121253,121254,121255,33727],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121256,64433],{},[20,121258,121259,121261],{},[15,121260,64433],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121263,121264,121265,121267,121268,92],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121266,74544],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[289,121269,5260],{"href":5709},[412,121271,121273,121274,119319],{"id":121272},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121275,74544],{},[43,121277,121279],{"className":45,"code":121278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121280,121281,121294,121308,121312,121322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121282,121283,121285,121287,121289,121292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121284,207],{"class":58},[52,121286,63],{"class":62},[52,121288,67],{"class":66},[52,121290,121291],{"class":70},"cab",[52,121293,74],{"class":66},[52,121295,121296,121298,121300,121302,121304,121306],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121297,2346],{"class":58},[52,121299,63],{"class":62},[52,121301,74678],{"class":80},[52,121303,85],{"class":84},[52,121305,231],{"class":88},[52,121307,329],{"class":84},[52,121309,121310],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,121311,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121313,121314,121316,121318,121320],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121315,81],{"class":80},[52,121317,85],{"class":84},[52,121319,2381],{"class":88},[52,121321,329],{"class":84},[52,121323,121324,121326,121328,121330,121332,121334],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,121325,81],{"class":80},[52,121327,85],{"class":84},[52,121329,1930],{"class":1929},[52,121331,85],{"class":84},[52,121333,2381],{"class":88},[52,121335,108],{"class":84},[20,121337,121338],{},[3865,121339,135],{},[43,121341,121343],{"className":45,"code":121342,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121344,121345,121373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121346,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369,121371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121348,4021],{"class":84},[52,121350,1888],{"class":66},[52,121352,289],{"class":70},[52,121354,1888],{"class":66},[52,121356,318],{"class":84},[52,121358,3416],{"class":66},[52,121360,4883],{"class":70},[52,121362,1888],{"class":66},[52,121364,318],{"class":84},[52,121366,3416],{"class":66},[52,121368,9860],{"class":70},[52,121370,1888],{"class":66},[52,121372,3757],{"class":84},[52,121374,121375,121377,121379,121381,121383,121385],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121376,3410],{"class":62},[52,121378,3413],{"class":2180},[52,121380,3416],{"class":66},[52,121382,8217],{"class":70},[52,121384,1888],{"class":66},[52,121386,3423],{"class":62},[20,121388,121389],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[38,121391,113840],{"id":113839},[20,121393,121394],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[176,121396,121397,121400,121405,121410,121416],{},[179,121398,121399],{},"confusing a function with a method",[179,121401,121402,121403,53766],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121404,64433],{},[179,121406,121407,121408,12720],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121409,77987],{},[179,121411,121412,121413,121415],{},"trying to use ",[15,121414,64433],{}," on non-list data types",[179,121417,50629,121418,121420],{},[15,121419,74544],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121422,121423],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,121425,121427],{"className":45,"code":121426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121428,121429,121439,121453,121478,121493,121503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121430,121431,121433,121435,121437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121432,81],{"class":80},[52,121434,85],{"class":84},[52,121436,8463],{"class":88},[52,121438,329],{"class":84},[52,121440,121441,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121442,81],{"class":80},[52,121444,85],{"class":84},[52,121446,74634],{"class":80},[52,121448,85],{"class":84},[52,121450,8463],{"class":88},[52,121452,108],{"class":84},[52,121454,121455,121457,121459,121461,121463,121465,121467,121470,121472,121474,121476],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,121456,2346],{"class":58},[52,121458,63],{"class":62},[52,121460,8519],{"class":58},[52,121462,92],{"class":84},[52,121464,34924],{"class":88},[52,121466,7489],{"class":84},[52,121468,121469],{"class":58},"; ",[52,121471,81],{"class":80},[52,121473,85],{"class":84},[52,121475,2381],{"class":88},[52,121477,329],{"class":84},[52,121479,121480,121482,121484,121486,121488,121491],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121481,81],{"class":80},[52,121483,85],{"class":84},[52,121485,1930],{"class":1929},[52,121487,85],{"class":84},[52,121489,121490],{"class":88},"my_data",[52,121492,108],{"class":84},[52,121494,121495,121497,121499,121501],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,121496,32278],{"class":80},[52,121498,85],{"class":84},[52,121500,74634],{"class":80},[52,121502,329],{"class":84},[52,121504,121505,121507,121509,121511,121513,121515],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,121506,32278],{"class":80},[52,121508,85],{"class":84},[52,121510,8217],{"class":1929},[52,121512,92],{"class":84},[52,121514,34924],{"class":1803},[52,121516,329],{"class":84},[20,121518,84493],{},[176,121520,121521,121524,121528,121536],{},[179,121522,121523],{},"whether your original list changed",[179,121525,26145,121526,11828],{},[15,121527,74544],{},[179,121529,121530,121531,121533,121534],{},"whether ",[15,121532,64433],{}," returned ",[15,121535,3901],{},[179,121537,121538],{},"what type of object you are working with",[38,121540,121542],{"id":121541},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121544,121545],{},"Use this rule:",[176,121547,121548,121556],{},[179,121549,121550,121551,121553,121554],{},"Need a ",[3865,121552,119644],{},": use ",[15,121555,74544],{},[179,121557,121558,121559,121553,121562],{},"Need to ",[3865,121560,121561],{},"change one list directly",[15,121563,77987],{},[20,121565,121566,121567,121569],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121568,74544],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[38,121571,1940],{"id":1939},[412,121573,121575,121576,32,121578,1993],{"id":121574},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121577,74544],{},[15,121579,77987],{},[20,121581,121582,121584],{},[15,121583,74544],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[412,121586,5282,121588,5285,121590,1993],{"id":121587},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121589,77987],{},[15,121591,3901],{},[20,121593,121594],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[412,121596,1958,121598,121600],{"id":121597},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121599,74544],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121602,121603],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[412,121605,28454,121607,121609],{"id":121606},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121608,64433],{}," on a string?",[20,121611,46488,121612,121614,121615,40055],{},[15,121613,64433],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121616,121617],{},"sorted(string)",[412,121619,11942,121621,342,121623,121625],{"id":121620},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121622,74544],{},[15,121624,64433],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121627,121628,121629,92],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121630,78211],{},[38,121632,2005],{"id":2004},[176,121634,121635,121641,121647,121651,121655],{},[179,121636,121637],{},[289,121638,3696,121639,3629],{"href":74641},[15,121640,74544],{},[179,121642,121643],{},[289,121644,3696,121645,1441],{"href":74895},[15,121646,77987],{},[179,121648,121649],{},[289,121650,79993],{"href":78496},[179,121652,121653],{},[289,121654,120938],{"href":120937},[179,121656,121657],{},[289,121658,52893],{"href":51102},[2035,121660,121661],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":121663},[121664,121665,121666,121670,121674,121677,121681,121685,121690,121700,121701,121702,121714],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":119732,"depth":77,"text":119733},{"id":117835,"depth":77,"text":119557,"children":121667},[121668],{"id":119799,"depth":111,"text":121669},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78053,"depth":77,"text":80015,"children":121671},[121672],{"id":119976,"depth":111,"text":121673},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120072,"depth":77,"text":120073,"children":121675},[121676],{"id":120098,"depth":111,"text":120099},{"id":120304,"depth":77,"text":121678,"children":121679},"When to use sorted()",[121680],{"id":120326,"depth":111,"text":120327},{"id":120461,"depth":77,"text":121682,"children":121683},"When to use list.sort()",[121684],{"id":120484,"depth":111,"text":120485},{"id":120598,"depth":77,"text":121686,"children":121687},"reverse and key work with both",[121688,121689],{"id":120629,"depth":111,"text":120630},{"id":120757,"depth":111,"text":120758},{"id":120941,"depth":77,"text":120942,"children":121691},[121692,121694,121696,121698],{"id":120948,"depth":111,"text":121693},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121072,"depth":111,"text":121695},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121221,"depth":111,"text":121697},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121272,"depth":111,"text":121699},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113839,"depth":77,"text":113840},{"id":121541,"depth":77,"text":121542},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":121703},[121704,121706,121708,121710,121712],{"id":121574,"depth":111,"text":121705},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121587,"depth":111,"text":121707},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121597,"depth":111,"text":121709},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121606,"depth":111,"text":121711},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121620,"depth":111,"text":121713},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119603,"description":121715},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121721,"title":42301,"body":121722,"description":123453,"extension":2078,"meta":123454,"navigation":221,"path":123455,"seo":123456,"stem":123457,"__hash__":123458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121723,"toc":123410},[121724,121729,121734,121740,121742,121797,121801,121824,121829,121834,121839,121841,121872,121875,121889,121891,121893,121908,121913,121917,121920,121971,121975,121989,121996,122000,122004,122059,122063,122086,122090,122146,122150,122173,122177,122232,122236,122259,122263,122330,122334,122369,122375,122380,122385,122387,122401,122403,122477,122481,122500,122505,122512,122515,122527,122529,122598,122602,122639,122642,122667,122674,122683,122686,122698,122704,122710,122712,122718,122723,122802,122806,122847,122851,122853,122880,122883,122906,122909,122915,122918,122955,122967,122974,122976,123027,123030,123062,123065,123067,123074,123076,123091,123093,123150,123154,123178,123180,123185,123201,123208,123212,123215,123298,123308,123310,123315,123318,123324,123327,123333,123336,123342,123345,123352,123360,123362,123407],[10,121725,3696,121727,3700],{"id":121726},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121728,47807],{},[20,121730,32443,121731,121733],{},[15,121732,47807],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121735,121736,121737,121739],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121738,47807],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[38,121741,41],{"id":40},[43,121743,121745],{"className":45,"code":121744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121746,121747,121755,121769,121773,121783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121748,121749,121751,121753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121750,21754],{"class":58},[52,121752,63],{"class":62},[52,121754,45348],{"class":608},[52,121756,121757,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121758,207],{"class":58},[52,121760,63],{"class":62},[52,121762,49028],{"class":1929},[52,121764,85],{"class":84},[52,121766,9419],{"class":88},[52,121768,329],{"class":84},[52,121770,121771],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,121772,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121774,121775,121777,121779,121781],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121776,81],{"class":80},[52,121778,85],{"class":84},[52,121780,231],{"class":88},[52,121782,329],{"class":84},[52,121784,121785,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,121786,81],{"class":80},[52,121788,85],{"class":84},[52,121790,1930],{"class":1929},[52,121792,85],{"class":84},[52,121794,231],{"class":88},[52,121796,108],{"class":84},[20,121798,121799],{},[3865,121800,135],{},[43,121802,121804],{"className":45,"code":121803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121805,121806,121810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121807,121808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121809,2828],{"class":608},[52,121811,121812,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121813,3410],{"class":62},[52,121815,3413],{"class":2180},[52,121817,3416],{"class":66},[52,121819,3563],{"class":70},[52,121821,1888],{"class":66},[52,121823,3423],{"class":62},[20,121825,154,121826,121828],{},[15,121827,47807],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[38,121830,166,121832,169],{"id":121831},"what-str-does",[15,121833,47807],{},[20,121835,121836,121838],{},[15,121837,47807],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121840,2222],{},[176,121842,121843,121850,121857,121864],{},[179,121844,121845,121846,42280,121848],{},"An integer like ",[15,121847,2448],{},[15,121849,42251],{},[179,121851,121852,121853,42280,121855],{},"A float like ",[15,121854,40269],{},[15,121856,48218],{},[179,121858,121859,121860,42280,121862],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121861,31],{},[15,121863,6765],{},[179,121865,121866,121867,42280,121869],{},"A list like ",[15,121868,75366],{},[15,121870,121871],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121873,121874],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[176,121876,121877,121880,121883,121886],{},[179,121878,121879],{},"print it",[179,121881,121882],{},"combine it with other strings",[179,121884,121885],{},"save it to a file",[179,121887,121888],{},"use it in messages",[38,121890,296],{"id":295},[20,121892,7341],{},[43,121894,121896],{"className":45,"code":121895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"str(object)\n",[15,121897,121898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121901,3563],{"class":1929},[52,121903,85],{"class":84},[52,121905,42524],{"class":1929},[52,121907,329],{"class":84},[20,121909,20897,121910,121912],{},[15,121911,42524],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121914,121915,8349],{},[15,121916,47807],{},[20,121918,121919],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[43,121921,121923],{"className":45,"code":121922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121924,121925,121934,121957,121961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121926,121927,121929,121931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121928,5219],{"class":58},[52,121930,63],{"class":62},[52,121932,121933],{"class":608}," 100\n",[52,121935,121936,121938,121940,121942,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,121937,978],{"class":58},[52,121939,63],{"class":62},[52,121941,67],{"class":66},[52,121943,121944],{"class":70},"Your score is ",[52,121946,100],{"class":66},[52,121948,2572],{"class":62},[52,121950,49028],{"class":1929},[52,121952,85],{"class":84},[52,121954,85640],{"class":88},[52,121956,329],{"class":84},[52,121958,121959],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,121960,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,121962,121963,121965,121967,121969],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,121964,81],{"class":80},[52,121966,85],{"class":84},[52,121968,996],{"class":88},[52,121970,329],{"class":84},[20,121972,121973],{},[3865,121974,135],{},[43,121976,121978],{"className":45,"code":121977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121979,121980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121981,121982,121985,121987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121983,121984],{"class":58},"Your score ",[52,121986,835],{"class":62},[52,121988,121933],{"class":608},[20,121990,2413,121991,121995],{},[289,121992,121993,2420],{"href":2416},[15,121994,2419],{}," can help you check.",[38,121997,121999],{"id":121998},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[412,122001,122003],{"id":122002},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[43,122005,122007],{"className":45,"code":122006,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122008,122009,122017,122031,122035,122045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122010,122011,122013,122015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122012,2333],{"class":58},[52,122014,63],{"class":62},[52,122016,2706],{"class":608},[52,122018,122019,122021,122023,122025,122027,122029],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122020,207],{"class":58},[52,122022,63],{"class":62},[52,122024,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122026,85],{"class":84},[52,122028,2356],{"class":88},[52,122030,329],{"class":84},[52,122032,122033],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122034,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122036,122037,122039,122041,122043],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122038,81],{"class":80},[52,122040,85],{"class":84},[52,122042,231],{"class":88},[52,122044,329],{"class":84},[52,122046,122047,122049,122051,122053,122055,122057],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122048,81],{"class":80},[52,122050,85],{"class":84},[52,122052,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122054,85],{"class":84},[52,122056,231],{"class":88},[52,122058,108],{"class":84},[20,122060,122061],{},[3865,122062,135],{},[43,122064,122066],{"className":45,"code":122065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122067,122068,122072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122069,122070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122071,2494],{"class":608},[52,122073,122074,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122075,3410],{"class":62},[52,122077,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122079,3416],{"class":66},[52,122081,3563],{"class":70},[52,122083,1888],{"class":66},[52,122085,3423],{"class":62},[412,122087,122089],{"id":122088},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[43,122091,122093],{"className":45,"code":122092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122094,122095,122104,122118,122122,122132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122096,122097,122099,122101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122098,40513],{"class":58},[52,122100,63],{"class":62},[52,122102,122103],{"class":608}," 3.14\n",[52,122105,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122107,207],{"class":58},[52,122109,63],{"class":62},[52,122111,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122113,85],{"class":84},[52,122115,25276],{"class":88},[52,122117,329],{"class":84},[52,122119,122120],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122121,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122123,122124,122126,122128,122130],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122125,81],{"class":80},[52,122127,85],{"class":84},[52,122129,231],{"class":88},[52,122131,329],{"class":84},[52,122133,122134,122136,122138,122140,122142,122144],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122135,81],{"class":80},[52,122137,85],{"class":84},[52,122139,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122141,85],{"class":84},[52,122143,231],{"class":88},[52,122145,108],{"class":84},[20,122147,122148],{},[3865,122149,135],{},[43,122151,122153],{"className":45,"code":122152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122154,122155,122159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122156,122157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122158,40303],{"class":608},[52,122160,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122162,3410],{"class":62},[52,122164,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122166,3416],{"class":66},[52,122168,3563],{"class":70},[52,122170,1888],{"class":66},[52,122172,3423],{"class":62},[412,122174,122176],{"id":122175},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[43,122178,122180],{"className":45,"code":122179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122181,122182,122190,122204,122208,122218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122183,122184,122186,122188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122185,2565],{"class":58},[52,122187,63],{"class":62},[52,122189,6546],{"class":145},[52,122191,122192,122194,122196,122198,122200,122202],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122193,207],{"class":58},[52,122195,63],{"class":62},[52,122197,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122199,85],{"class":84},[52,122201,2591],{"class":88},[52,122203,329],{"class":84},[52,122205,122206],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122207,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122209,122210,122212,122214,122216],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122211,81],{"class":80},[52,122213,85],{"class":84},[52,122215,231],{"class":88},[52,122217,329],{"class":84},[52,122219,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122221,81],{"class":80},[52,122223,85],{"class":84},[52,122225,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122227,85],{"class":84},[52,122229,231],{"class":88},[52,122231,108],{"class":84},[20,122233,122234],{},[3865,122235,135],{},[43,122237,122239],{"className":45,"code":122238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122240,122241,122245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122242,122243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122244,146],{"class":145},[52,122246,122247,122249,122251,122253,122255,122257],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122248,3410],{"class":62},[52,122250,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122252,3416],{"class":66},[52,122254,3563],{"class":70},[52,122256,1888],{"class":66},[52,122258,3423],{"class":62},[412,122260,122262],{"id":122261},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[43,122264,122266],{"className":45,"code":122265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122267,122268,122288,122302,122306,122316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122269,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122271,7903],{"class":58},[52,122273,63],{"class":62},[52,122275,3744],{"class":84},[52,122277,3106],{"class":608},[52,122279,318],{"class":84},[52,122281,3111],{"class":608},[52,122283,318],{"class":84},[52,122285,609],{"class":608},[52,122287,3757],{"class":84},[52,122289,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122291,207],{"class":58},[52,122293,63],{"class":62},[52,122295,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122297,85],{"class":84},[52,122299,7934],{"class":88},[52,122301,329],{"class":84},[52,122303,122304],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122305,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122309,81],{"class":80},[52,122311,85],{"class":84},[52,122313,231],{"class":88},[52,122315,329],{"class":84},[52,122317,122318,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122319,81],{"class":80},[52,122321,85],{"class":84},[52,122323,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122325,85],{"class":84},[52,122327,231],{"class":88},[52,122329,108],{"class":84},[20,122331,122332],{},[3865,122333,135],{},[43,122335,122337],{"className":45,"code":122336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122338,122339,122355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122342,4021],{"class":84},[52,122344,3106],{"class":608},[52,122346,318],{"class":84},[52,122348,3111],{"class":608},[52,122350,318],{"class":84},[52,122352,609],{"class":608},[52,122354,3757],{"class":84},[52,122356,122357,122359,122361,122363,122365,122367],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122358,3410],{"class":62},[52,122360,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122362,3416],{"class":66},[52,122364,3563],{"class":70},[52,122366,1888],{"class":66},[52,122368,3423],{"class":62},[20,122370,122371,122372,122374],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3865,122373,4752],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[38,122376,5084,122378],{"id":122377},"when-to-use-str",[15,122379,47807],{},[20,122381,154,122382,122384],{},[15,122383,47807],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122386,36551],{},[176,122388,122389,122392,122395,122398],{},[179,122390,122391],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[179,122393,122394],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[179,122396,122397],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[179,122399,122400],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122402,197],{},[43,122404,122406],{"className":45,"code":122405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122407,122408,122420,122428,122432,122467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122409,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122411,441],{"class":58},[52,122413,63],{"class":62},[52,122415,67],{"class":66},[52,122417,11631],{"class":70},[52,122419,74],{"class":66},[52,122421,122422,122424,122426],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122423,21754],{"class":58},[52,122425,63],{"class":62},[52,122427,45348],{"class":608},[52,122429,122430],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122431,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462,122465],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122435,978],{"class":58},[52,122437,63],{"class":62},[52,122439,36095],{"class":58},[52,122441,2175],{"class":62},[52,122443,67],{"class":66},[52,122445,4906],{"class":70},[52,122447,100],{"class":66},[52,122449,2572],{"class":62},[52,122451,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122453,85],{"class":84},[52,122455,9419],{"class":88},[52,122457,3784],{"class":84},[52,122459,2572],{"class":62},[52,122461,67],{"class":66},[52,122463,122464],{"class":70}," years old.",[52,122466,74],{"class":66},[52,122468,122469,122471,122473,122475],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122470,81],{"class":80},[52,122472,85],{"class":84},[52,122474,996],{"class":88},[52,122476,329],{"class":84},[20,122478,122479],{},[3865,122480,135],{},[43,122482,122484],{"className":45,"code":122483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122485,122486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122487,122488,122491,122493,122495,122498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122489,122490],{"class":58},"Maya ",[52,122492,835],{"class":62},[52,122494,9426],{"class":608},[52,122496,122497],{"class":58}," years old",[52,122499,849],{"class":84},[20,122501,122502,122503,92],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[289,122504,89810],{"href":89809},[38,122506,122508,10707,122510],{"id":122507},"str-vs-print",[15,122509,47807],{},[15,122511,46575],{},[20,122513,122514],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[176,122516,122517,122522],{},[179,122518,122519,122521],{},[15,122520,47807],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[179,122523,122524,122526],{},[15,122525,46575],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122528,197],{},[43,122530,122532],{"className":45,"code":122531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122533,122534,122542,122546,122560,122570,122584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122535,122536,122538,122540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122537,2565],{"class":58},[52,122539,63],{"class":62},[52,122541,2888],{"class":608},[52,122543,122544],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122545,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122547,122548,122550,122552,122554,122556,122558],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122549,207],{"class":58},[52,122551,63],{"class":62},[52,122553,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122555,85],{"class":84},[52,122557,2591],{"class":88},[52,122559,329],{"class":84},[52,122561,122562,122564,122566,122568],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122563,81],{"class":80},[52,122565,85],{"class":84},[52,122567,231],{"class":88},[52,122569,329],{"class":84},[52,122571,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122573,81],{"class":80},[52,122575,85],{"class":84},[52,122577,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122579,85],{"class":84},[52,122581,231],{"class":88},[52,122583,108],{"class":84},[52,122585,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,122587,81],{"class":80},[52,122589,85],{"class":84},[52,122591,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122593,85],{"class":84},[52,122595,2591],{"class":88},[52,122597,108],{"class":84},[20,122599,122600],{},[3865,122601,135],{},[43,122603,122605],{"className":45,"code":122604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122606,122607,122611,122625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122608,122609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122610,46735],{"class":608},[52,122612,122613,122615,122617,122619,122621,122623],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122614,3410],{"class":62},[52,122616,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122618,3416],{"class":66},[52,122620,3563],{"class":70},[52,122622,1888],{"class":66},[52,122624,3423],{"class":62},[52,122626,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635,122637],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122628,3410],{"class":62},[52,122630,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122632,3416],{"class":66},[52,122634,2304],{"class":70},[52,122636,1888],{"class":66},[52,122638,3423],{"class":62},[20,122640,122641],{},"Notice:",[176,122643,122644,122650,122655],{},[179,122645,122646,122649],{},[15,122647,122648],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[179,122651,122652,122654],{},[15,122653,46575],{}," only displayed values",[179,122656,122657,122659,122660,122662,122663,61422,122665],{},[15,122658,46575],{}," did not change ",[15,122661,2591],{}," from ",[15,122664,2304],{},[15,122666,3563],{},[20,122668,122669,122670,92],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[289,122671,122672,2420],{"href":46572},[15,122673,46575],{},[38,122675,122677,10707,122679,122682],{"id":122676},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122678,47807],{},[15,122680,122681],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122684,122685],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[176,122687,122688,122693],{},[179,122689,122690,122692],{},[15,122691,47807],{}," is the more readable text version",[179,122694,122695,122697],{},[15,122696,122681],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122699,122700,122701,122703],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122702,47807],{}," much more often.",[20,122705,122706,122707,122709],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122708,47807],{}," is usually the right choice.",[38,122711,4640],{"id":4639},[412,122713,25900,122715,122717],{"id":122714},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122716,47807],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122719,122720,122722],{},[15,122721,47807],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[43,122724,122726],{"className":45,"code":122725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122727,122728,122736,122750,122754,122764,122778,122788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122729,122730,122732,122734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122731,21754],{"class":58},[52,122733,63],{"class":62},[52,122735,45348],{"class":608},[52,122737,122738,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122739,207],{"class":58},[52,122741,63],{"class":62},[52,122743,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122745,85],{"class":84},[52,122747,9419],{"class":88},[52,122749,329],{"class":84},[52,122751,122752],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122753,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122755,122756,122758,122760,122762],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122757,81],{"class":80},[52,122759,85],{"class":84},[52,122761,9419],{"class":88},[52,122763,329],{"class":84},[52,122765,122766,122768,122770,122772,122774,122776],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,122767,81],{"class":80},[52,122769,85],{"class":84},[52,122771,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122773,85],{"class":84},[52,122775,9419],{"class":88},[52,122777,108],{"class":84},[52,122779,122780,122782,122784,122786],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,122781,81],{"class":80},[52,122783,85],{"class":84},[52,122785,231],{"class":88},[52,122787,329],{"class":84},[52,122789,122790,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,122791,81],{"class":80},[52,122793,85],{"class":84},[52,122795,1930],{"class":1929},[52,122797,85],{"class":84},[52,122799,231],{"class":88},[52,122801,108],{"class":84},[20,122803,122804],{},[3865,122805,135],{},[43,122807,122809],{"className":45,"code":122808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122810,122811,122815,122829,122833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122812,122813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122814,2828],{"class":608},[52,122816,122817,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122818,3410],{"class":62},[52,122820,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122822,3416],{"class":66},[52,122824,2304],{"class":70},[52,122826,1888],{"class":66},[52,122828,3423],{"class":62},[52,122830,122831],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122832,2828],{"class":608},[52,122834,122835,122837,122839,122841,122843,122845],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122836,3410],{"class":62},[52,122838,3413],{"class":2180},[52,122840,3416],{"class":66},[52,122842,3563],{"class":70},[52,122844,1888],{"class":66},[52,122846,3423],{"class":62},[412,122848,122850],{"id":122849},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122852,6812],{},[43,122854,122856],{"className":45,"code":122855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122857,122858,122866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122859,122860,122862,122864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122861,21754],{"class":58},[52,122863,63],{"class":62},[52,122865,45348],{"class":608},[52,122867,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122869,207],{"class":58},[52,122871,63],{"class":62},[52,122873,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122875,85],{"class":84},[52,122877,9419],{"class":88},[52,122879,329],{"class":84},[20,122881,122882],{},"But if you only do this:",[43,122884,122886],{"className":45,"code":122885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122887,122888,122896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122889,122890,122892,122894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122891,21754],{"class":58},[52,122893,63],{"class":62},[52,122895,45348],{"class":608},[52,122897,122898,122900,122902,122904],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122899,3563],{"class":1929},[52,122901,85],{"class":84},[52,122903,9419],{"class":88},[52,122905,329],{"class":84},[20,122907,122908],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[412,122910,1828,122912,122914],{"id":122911},"using-str-too-early",[15,122913,47807],{}," too early",[20,122916,122917],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[43,122919,122921],{"className":45,"code":122920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122922,122923,122931,122946,122950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122924,122925,122927,122929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122926,40513],{"class":58},[52,122928,63],{"class":62},[52,122930,2706],{"class":608},[52,122932,122933,122936,122938,122940,122942,122944],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,122934,122935],{"class":58},"text_price ",[52,122937,63],{"class":62},[52,122939,49028],{"class":1929},[52,122941,85],{"class":84},[52,122943,25276],{"class":88},[52,122945,329],{"class":84},[52,122947,122948],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,122949,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,122951,122952],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,122953,122954],{"class":1479},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122956,122957,122958,32,122962,122966],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[289,122959,122960],{"href":2993},[15,122961,2996],{},[289,122963,122964],{"href":2999},[15,122965,3002],{},", depending on the situation.",[412,122968,1725,122970,122973],{"id":122969},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122971,122972],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122975,64765],{},[43,122977,122979],{"className":45,"code":122978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122980,122981,123013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122982,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991,122993,122995,122997,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122984,7903],{"class":58},[52,122986,63],{"class":62},[52,122988,3744],{"class":84},[52,122990,100],{"class":66},[52,122992,4199],{"class":70},[52,122994,100],{"class":66},[52,122996,318],{"class":84},[52,122998,67],{"class":66},[52,123000,4208],{"class":70},[52,123002,100],{"class":66},[52,123004,318],{"class":84},[52,123006,67],{"class":66},[52,123008,33347],{"class":70},[52,123010,100],{"class":66},[52,123012,3757],{"class":84},[52,123014,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123016,81],{"class":80},[52,123018,85],{"class":84},[52,123020,3563],{"class":1929},[52,123022,85],{"class":84},[52,123024,7934],{"class":88},[52,123026,108],{"class":84},[20,123028,123029],{},"prints:",[43,123031,123032],{"className":45,"code":72956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123033,123034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123035,123036,123038,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048,123050,123052,123054,123056,123058,123060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123037,4021],{"class":84},[52,123039,1888],{"class":66},[52,123041,4199],{"class":70},[52,123043,1888],{"class":66},[52,123045,318],{"class":84},[52,123047,3416],{"class":66},[52,123049,4208],{"class":70},[52,123051,1888],{"class":66},[52,123053,318],{"class":84},[52,123055,3416],{"class":66},[52,123057,33347],{"class":70},[52,123059,1888],{"class":66},[52,123061,3757],{"class":84},[20,123063,123064],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[38,123066,710],{"id":709},[20,123068,123069,22101,123071,92],{},[15,123070,47807],{},[3865,123072,123073],{},"new string",[20,123075,11580],{},[176,123077,123078,123081,123084],{},[179,123079,123080],{},"It always returns a string",[179,123082,123083],{},"It does not modify the original object",[179,123085,7886,123086,123090],{},[289,123087,123088],{"href":2416},[15,123089,2419],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123092,197],{},[43,123094,123096],{"className":45,"code":123095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123097,123098,123106,123121,123125,123136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123099,123100,123102,123104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123101,2565],{"class":58},[52,123103,63],{"class":62},[52,123105,14255],{"class":608},[52,123107,123108,123111,123113,123115,123117,123119],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123109,123110],{"class":58},"converted ",[52,123112,63],{"class":62},[52,123114,49028],{"class":1929},[52,123116,85],{"class":84},[52,123118,2591],{"class":88},[52,123120,329],{"class":84},[52,123122,123123],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,123124,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,123126,123127,123129,123131,123134],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,123128,81],{"class":80},[52,123130,85],{"class":84},[52,123132,123133],{"class":88},"converted",[52,123135,329],{"class":84},[52,123137,123138,123140,123142,123144,123146,123148],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,123139,81],{"class":80},[52,123141,85],{"class":84},[52,123143,1930],{"class":1929},[52,123145,85],{"class":84},[52,123147,123133],{"class":88},[52,123149,108],{"class":84},[20,123151,123152],{},[3865,123153,135],{},[43,123155,123157],{"className":45,"code":123156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123158,123159,123164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123160,123161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123162,123163],{"class":608},"99\n",[52,123165,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123167,3410],{"class":62},[52,123169,3413],{"class":2180},[52,123171,3416],{"class":66},[52,123173,3563],{"class":70},[52,123175,1888],{"class":66},[52,123177,3423],{"class":62},[38,123179,113840],{"id":113839},[20,123181,123182,123183,74935],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123184,47807],{},[176,123186,123187,123190,123193,123198],{},[179,123188,123189],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[179,123191,123192],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[179,123194,1828,123195,123197],{},[15,123196,47807],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[179,123199,123200],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123202,123203,123204,92],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[289,123205,25805,123206],{"href":90519},[15,123207,90520],{},[38,123209,123211],{"id":123210},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123213,123214],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[43,123216,123218],{"className":45,"code":123217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123219,123220,123228,123232,123242,123256,123260,123274,123284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123221,123222,123224,123226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123223,2565],{"class":58},[52,123225,63],{"class":62},[52,123227,45348],{"class":608},[52,123229,123230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123231,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,123233,123234,123236,123238,123240],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,123235,81],{"class":80},[52,123237,85],{"class":84},[52,123239,2591],{"class":88},[52,123241,329],{"class":84},[52,123243,123244,123246,123248,123250,123252,123254],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,123245,81],{"class":80},[52,123247,85],{"class":84},[52,123249,1930],{"class":1929},[52,123251,85],{"class":84},[52,123253,2591],{"class":88},[52,123255,108],{"class":84},[52,123257,123258],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,123259,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,123261,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270,123272],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,123263,123110],{"class":58},[52,123265,63],{"class":62},[52,123267,49028],{"class":1929},[52,123269,85],{"class":84},[52,123271,2591],{"class":88},[52,123273,329],{"class":84},[52,123275,123276,123278,123280,123282],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,123277,81],{"class":80},[52,123279,85],{"class":84},[52,123281,123133],{"class":88},[52,123283,329],{"class":84},[52,123285,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,123287,81],{"class":80},[52,123289,85],{"class":84},[52,123291,1930],{"class":1929},[52,123293,85],{"class":84},[52,123295,123133],{"class":88},[52,123297,108],{"class":84},[20,123299,123300,123301,2305,123303,123305,123306,92],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123302,2304],{},[15,123304,2308],{},", or another type into ",[15,123307,3563],{},[38,123309,1940],{"id":1939},[412,123311,5266,123313,5269],{"id":123312},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123314,47807],{},[20,123316,123317],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[412,123319,1944,123321,123323],{"id":123320},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123322,47807],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123325,123326],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[412,123328,1958,123330,123332],{"id":123329},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123331,47807],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123334,123335],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[412,123337,94705,123339,123341],{"id":123338},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123340,47807],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123343,123344],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[412,123346,1971,123348,57328,123350,1993],{"id":123347},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123349,47807],{},[15,123351,46575],{},[20,123353,46488,123354,123356,123357,123359],{},[15,123355,47807],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123358,46575],{}," shows output.",[38,123361,2005],{"id":2004},[176,123363,123364,123370,123376,123382,123388,123397,123401],{},[179,123365,123366],{},[289,123367,123368,3629],{"href":46572},[15,123369,46575],{},[179,123371,123372],{},[289,123373,123374,3629],{"href":2416},[15,123375,2419],{},[179,123377,123378],{},[289,123379,123380,3629],{"href":2993},[15,123381,2996],{},[179,123383,123384],{},[289,123385,123386,3629],{"href":2999},[15,123387,3002],{},[179,123389,123390],{},[289,123391,123393,123394,123396],{"href":123392},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123395,2304],{}," to string in Python",[179,123398,123399],{},[289,123400,90797],{"href":89809},[179,123402,123403],{},[289,123404,30473,123405],{"href":90519},[15,123406,90520],{},[2035,123408,123409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":123411},[123412,123413,123415,123416,123422,123424,123426,123428,123437,123438,123439,123440,123452],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":121831,"depth":77,"text":123414},"What str() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":121998,"depth":77,"text":121999,"children":123417},[123418,123419,123420,123421],{"id":122002,"depth":111,"text":122003},{"id":122088,"depth":111,"text":122089},{"id":122175,"depth":111,"text":122176},{"id":122261,"depth":111,"text":122262},{"id":122377,"depth":77,"text":123423},"When to use str()",{"id":122507,"depth":77,"text":123425},"str() vs print()",{"id":122676,"depth":77,"text":123427},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":123429},[123430,123432,123433,123435],{"id":122714,"depth":111,"text":123431},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122849,"depth":111,"text":122850},{"id":122911,"depth":111,"text":123434},"Using str() too early",{"id":122969,"depth":111,"text":123436},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":113839,"depth":77,"text":113840},{"id":123210,"depth":77,"text":123211},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":123441},[123442,123444,123446,123448,123450],{"id":123312,"depth":111,"text":123443},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123320,"depth":111,"text":123445},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123329,"depth":111,"text":123447},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123338,"depth":111,"text":123449},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123347,"depth":111,"text":123451},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42301,"description":123453},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123460,"title":123461,"body":123462,"description":124901,"extension":2078,"meta":124902,"navigation":221,"path":124903,"seo":124904,"stem":124905,"__hash__":124906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123463,"toc":124863},[123464,123469,123474,123477,123499,123501,123563,123565,123578,123584,123589,123594,123596,123609,123620,123622,123649,123651,123668,123675,123686,123688,123693,123695,123707,123715,123723,123725,123728,123781,123783,123791,123799,123803,123808,123848,123850,123858,123861,123863,123903,123905,123913,123922,123928,123931,124004,124006,124019,124023,124028,124056,124059,124094,124096,124104,124107,124109,124113,124115,124131,124133,124173,124175,124183,124190,124233,124235,124243,124245,124249,124255,124258,124298,124300,124308,124313,124316,124359,124363,124366,124401,124406,124408,124447,124456,124464,124474,124482,124486,124491,124493,124534,124536,124544,124549,124552,124555,124573,124579,124583,124588,124591,124629,124631,124636,124735,124738,124754,124756,124775,124777,124784,124787,124792,124795,124801,124805,124811,124814,124820,124823,124825,124860],[10,123465,13,123467,18],{"id":123466},"python-string-count-method",[15,123468,57413],{},[20,123470,22,123471,123473],{},[15,123472,57413],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123475,123476],{},"This reference page explains:",[176,123478,123479,123483,123486,123488,123496],{},[179,123480,26145,123481,169],{},[15,123482,57413],{},[179,123484,123485],{},"its syntax",[179,123487,35520],{},[179,123489,123490,123491,342,123493,123495],{},"how ",[15,123492,341],{},[15,123494,345],{}," work",[179,123497,123498],{},"common beginner mistakes",[38,123500,41],{"id":40},[43,123502,123504],{"className":45,"code":123503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123505,123506,123518,123540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123507,123508,123510,123512,123514,123516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123509,207],{"class":58},[52,123511,63],{"class":62},[52,123513,67],{"class":66},[52,123515,4208],{"class":70},[52,123517,74],{"class":66},[52,123519,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123521,81],{"class":80},[52,123523,85],{"class":84},[52,123525,231],{"class":88},[52,123527,92],{"class":84},[52,123529,41386],{"class":88},[52,123531,85],{"class":84},[52,123533,100],{"class":66},[52,123535,289],{"class":70},[52,123537,100],{"class":66},[52,123539,108],{"class":84},[52,123541,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550,123552,123554,123556,123559,123561],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,123543,81],{"class":80},[52,123545,85],{"class":84},[52,123547,231],{"class":88},[52,123549,92],{"class":84},[52,123551,41386],{"class":88},[52,123553,85],{"class":84},[52,123555,100],{"class":66},[52,123557,123558],{"class":70},"na",[52,123560,100],{"class":66},[52,123562,108],{"class":84},[20,123564,135],{},[43,123566,123568],{"className":45,"code":123567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\n",[15,123569,123570,123574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123571,123572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123573,46740],{"class":608},[52,123575,123576],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123577,17182],{"class":608},[20,123579,154,123580,123583],{},[15,123581,123582],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[38,123585,13119,123587,13122],{"id":123586},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123588,57413],{},[20,123590,123591,123593],{},[15,123592,57413],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123595,13175],{},[176,123597,123598,123601,123604,123606],{},[179,123599,123600],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[179,123602,123603],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[179,123605,43783],{},[179,123607,123608],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123610,123611,123612,123614,123615,2305,123617,123619],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123613,18221],{}," characters are in ",[15,123616,65395],{},[15,123618,57413],{}," is a simple choice.",[38,123621,296],{"id":295},[43,123623,123625],{"className":45,"code":123624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123626,123627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123628,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645,123647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123630,306],{"class":58},[52,123632,92],{"class":84},[52,123634,41386],{"class":88},[52,123636,85],{"class":84},[52,123638,2591],{"class":88},[52,123640,318],{"class":84},[52,123642,321],{"class":88},[52,123644,318],{"class":84},[52,123646,326],{"class":88},[52,123648,329],{"class":84},[412,123650,17521],{"id":17520},[176,123652,123653,123658,123663],{},[179,123654,123655,123657],{},[15,123656,2591],{},": the text to search for",[179,123659,123660,123662],{},[15,123661,341],{},": optional; where counting begins",[179,123664,123665,123667],{},[15,123666,345],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123669,123670,342,123672,123674],{},[15,123671,341],{},[15,123673,345],{}," work like slice positions:",[176,123676,123677,123682],{},[179,123678,123679,123681],{},[15,123680,341],{}," is included",[179,123683,123684,75861],{},[15,123685,345],{},[38,123687,710],{"id":709},[20,123689,123690,123692],{},[15,123691,57413],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123694,2241],{},[176,123696,123697,123702],{},[179,123698,123699,123700],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123701,627],{},[179,123703,123704,123705],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123706,2235],{},[20,123708,41032,123709,5285,123711,32,123713,92],{},[3865,123710,4752],{},[15,123712,31],{},[15,123714,35],{},[20,123716,123717,123718,123722],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[289,123719,123720,101715],{"href":1097},[15,123721,1638],{}," is often a better fit.",[38,123724,11597],{"id":11596},[20,123726,123727],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[43,123729,123731],{"className":45,"code":123730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123732,123733,123745,123767,123771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123734,123735,123737,123739,123741,123743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123736,207],{"class":58},[52,123738,63],{"class":62},[52,123740,67],{"class":66},[52,123742,4199],{"class":70},[52,123744,74],{"class":66},[52,123746,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123748,2346],{"class":58},[52,123750,63],{"class":62},[52,123752,1705],{"class":58},[52,123754,92],{"class":84},[52,123756,41386],{"class":88},[52,123758,85],{"class":84},[52,123760,100],{"class":66},[52,123762,20],{"class":70},[52,123764,100],{"class":66},[52,123766,329],{"class":84},[52,123768,123769],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,123770,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,123772,123773,123775,123777,123779],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,123774,81],{"class":80},[52,123776,85],{"class":84},[52,123778,2381],{"class":88},[52,123780,329],{"class":84},[20,123782,135],{},[43,123784,123785],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123786,123787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123788,123789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123790,17182],{"class":608},[20,123792,63941,123793,123796,123797,92],{},[15,123794,123795],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123798,57956],{},[38,123800,123802],{"id":123801},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123804,123805,123807],{},[15,123806,57413],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[43,123809,123811],{"className":45,"code":123810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123812,123813,123826],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123814,123815,123817,123819,123821,123824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123816,207],{"class":58},[52,123818,63],{"class":62},[52,123820,67],{"class":66},[52,123822,123823],{"class":70},"cat dog cat bird cat",[52,123825,74],{"class":66},[52,123827,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123829,81],{"class":80},[52,123831,85],{"class":84},[52,123833,231],{"class":88},[52,123835,92],{"class":84},[52,123837,41386],{"class":88},[52,123839,85],{"class":84},[52,123841,100],{"class":66},[52,123843,37173],{"class":70},[52,123845,100],{"class":66},[52,123847,108],{"class":84},[20,123849,135],{},[43,123851,123852],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123853,123854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123855,123856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123857,46740],{"class":608},[20,123859,123860],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123862,197],{},[43,123864,123866],{"className":45,"code":123865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123867,123868,123881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123869,123870,123872,123874,123876,123879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123871,207],{"class":58},[52,123873,63],{"class":62},[52,123875,67],{"class":66},[52,123877,123878],{"class":70},"one One one",[52,123880,74],{"class":66},[52,123882,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123884,81],{"class":80},[52,123886,85],{"class":84},[52,123888,231],{"class":88},[52,123890,92],{"class":84},[52,123892,41386],{"class":88},[52,123894,85],{"class":84},[52,123896,100],{"class":66},[52,123898,6709],{"class":70},[52,123900,100],{"class":66},[52,123902,108],{"class":84},[20,123904,135],{},[43,123906,123907],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123908,123909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123910,123911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123912,17182],{"class":608},[20,123914,123915,123916,123919,123920,1107],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123917,123918],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123921,57413],{},[38,123923,1828,123924,342,123926],{"id":65527},[15,123925,341],{},[15,123927,345],{},[20,123929,123930],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[43,123932,123934],{"className":45,"code":123933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123935,123936,123948,123974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123937,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123939,207],{"class":58},[52,123941,63],{"class":62},[52,123943,67],{"class":66},[52,123945,4208],{"class":70},[52,123947,74],{"class":66},[52,123949,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,123951,81],{"class":80},[52,123953,85],{"class":84},[52,123955,231],{"class":88},[52,123957,92],{"class":84},[52,123959,41386],{"class":88},[52,123961,85],{"class":84},[52,123963,100],{"class":66},[52,123965,289],{"class":70},[52,123967,100],{"class":66},[52,123969,318],{"class":84},[52,123971,3111],{"class":608},[52,123973,108],{"class":84},[52,123975,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,123977,81],{"class":80},[52,123979,85],{"class":84},[52,123981,231],{"class":88},[52,123983,92],{"class":84},[52,123985,41386],{"class":88},[52,123987,85],{"class":84},[52,123989,100],{"class":66},[52,123991,289],{"class":70},[52,123993,100],{"class":66},[52,123995,318],{"class":84},[52,123997,3111],{"class":608},[52,123999,318],{"class":84},[52,124001,4726],{"class":608},[52,124003,108],{"class":84},[20,124005,135],{},[43,124007,124009],{"className":45,"code":124008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n1\n",[15,124010,124011,124015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124012,124013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124014,17182],{"class":608},[52,124016,124017],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124018,47040],{"class":608},[412,124020,124022],{"id":124021},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124024,124025,124026,174],{},"In ",[15,124027,65395],{},[176,124029,124030,124038,124046],{},[179,124031,71085,124032,124034,124035],{},[15,124033,2172],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124036,124037],{},"\"n\"",[179,124039,124040,124043,124044,76159],{},[15,124041,124042],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124045,2172],{},[179,124047,124048,124043,124051,124053,124054],{},[15,124049,124050],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124052,2172],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124055,2252],{},[20,124057,124058],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[43,124060,124062],{"className":45,"code":124061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124063,124064,124076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124065,124066,124068,124070,124072,124074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124067,207],{"class":58},[52,124069,63],{"class":62},[52,124071,67],{"class":66},[52,124073,4208],{"class":70},[52,124075,74],{"class":66},[52,124077,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086,124088,124090,124092],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124079,81],{"class":80},[52,124081,85],{"class":84},[52,124083,231],{"class":88},[52,124085,4021],{"class":84},[52,124087,2172],{"class":608},[52,124089,174],{"class":84},[52,124091,2252],{"class":608},[52,124093,4009],{"class":84},[20,124095,135],{},[43,124097,124098],{"className":45,"code":41595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124099,124100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124101,124102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124103,41595],{"class":58},[20,124105,124106],{},"Only that section is searched.",[38,124108,1102],{"id":1101},[20,124110,124111,1107],{},[15,124112,57413],{},[20,124114,2222],{},[176,124116,124117,124125],{},[179,124118,124119,342,124121,124124],{},[15,124120,18221],{},[15,124122,124123],{},"\"A\""," are different",[179,124126,124127,342,124129,124124],{},[15,124128,64656],{},[15,124130,90532],{},[20,124132,197],{},[43,124134,124136],{"className":45,"code":124135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124137,124138,124151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124139,124140,124142,124144,124146,124149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124141,207],{"class":58},[52,124143,63],{"class":62},[52,124145,67],{"class":66},[52,124147,124148],{"class":70},"Apple apple APPLE",[52,124150,74],{"class":66},[52,124152,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124154,81],{"class":80},[52,124156,85],{"class":84},[52,124158,231],{"class":88},[52,124160,92],{"class":84},[52,124162,41386],{"class":88},[52,124164,85],{"class":84},[52,124166,100],{"class":66},[52,124168,4199],{"class":70},[52,124170,100],{"class":66},[52,124172,108],{"class":84},[20,124174,135],{},[43,124176,124177],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124178,124179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124180,124181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124182,47040],{"class":608},[20,124184,124185,124186,174],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[289,124187,124188],{"href":1205},[15,124189,1208],{},[43,124191,124193],{"className":45,"code":124192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124194,124195,124207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124196,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124198,207],{"class":58},[52,124200,63],{"class":62},[52,124202,67],{"class":66},[52,124204,124148],{"class":70},[52,124206,74],{"class":66},[52,124208,124209,124211,124213,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229,124231],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124210,81],{"class":80},[52,124212,85],{"class":84},[52,124214,231],{"class":88},[52,124216,92],{"class":84},[52,124218,1238],{"class":88},[52,124220,1241],{"class":84},[52,124222,41386],{"class":88},[52,124224,85],{"class":84},[52,124226,100],{"class":66},[52,124228,4199],{"class":70},[52,124230,100],{"class":66},[52,124232,108],{"class":84},[20,124234,135],{},[43,124236,124237],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124238,124239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124240,124241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124242,46740],{"class":608},[38,124244,1445],{"id":1444},[20,124246,23221,124247,92],{},[15,124248,57413],{},[412,124250,1725,124252,124254],{"id":124251},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124253,57413],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124256,124257],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[43,124259,124261],{"className":45,"code":124260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124262,124263,124276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124264,124265,124267,124269,124271,124274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124266,207],{"class":58},[52,124268,63],{"class":62},[52,124270,67],{"class":66},[52,124272,124273],{"class":70},"Aardvark",[52,124275,74],{"class":66},[52,124277,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124279,81],{"class":80},[52,124281,85],{"class":84},[52,124283,231],{"class":88},[52,124285,92],{"class":84},[52,124287,41386],{"class":88},[52,124289,85],{"class":84},[52,124291,100],{"class":66},[52,124293,289],{"class":70},[52,124295,100],{"class":66},[52,124297,108],{"class":84},[20,124299,135],{},[43,124301,124302],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124303,124304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124305,124306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124307,17182],{"class":608},[20,124309,123915,124310,124312],{},[15,124311,124123],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124314,124315],{},"If needed, convert first:",[43,124317,124319],{"className":45,"code":124318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124320,124321,124333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124322,124323,124325,124327,124329,124331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124324,207],{"class":58},[52,124326,63],{"class":62},[52,124328,67],{"class":66},[52,124330,124273],{"class":70},[52,124332,74],{"class":66},[52,124334,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124336,81],{"class":80},[52,124338,85],{"class":84},[52,124340,231],{"class":88},[52,124342,92],{"class":84},[52,124344,1238],{"class":88},[52,124346,1241],{"class":84},[52,124348,41386],{"class":88},[52,124350,85],{"class":84},[52,124352,100],{"class":66},[52,124354,289],{"class":70},[52,124356,100],{"class":66},[52,124358,108],{"class":84},[412,124360,124362],{"id":124361},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124364,124365],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[43,124367,124369],{"className":45,"code":124368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124370,124371,124383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124372,124373,124375,124377,124379,124381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124374,207],{"class":58},[52,124376,63],{"class":62},[52,124378,67],{"class":66},[52,124380,4208],{"class":70},[52,124382,74],{"class":66},[52,124384,124385,124387,124389,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124386,81],{"class":80},[52,124388,85],{"class":84},[52,124390,231],{"class":88},[52,124392,92],{"class":84},[52,124394,41386],{"class":88},[52,124396,85],{"class":84},[52,124398,289],{"class":88},[52,124400,108],{"class":84},[20,124402,124403,124404,92],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124405,289],{},[20,124407,10929],{},[43,124409,124411],{"className":45,"code":124410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124412,124413,124425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124414,124415,124417,124419,124421,124423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124416,207],{"class":58},[52,124418,63],{"class":62},[52,124420,67],{"class":66},[52,124422,4208],{"class":70},[52,124424,74],{"class":66},[52,124426,124427,124429,124431,124433,124435,124437,124439,124441,124443,124445],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124428,81],{"class":80},[52,124430,85],{"class":84},[52,124432,231],{"class":88},[52,124434,92],{"class":84},[52,124436,41386],{"class":88},[52,124438,85],{"class":84},[52,124440,100],{"class":66},[52,124442,289],{"class":70},[52,124444,100],{"class":66},[52,124446,108],{"class":84},[412,124448,1632,124450,1635,124452,32,124454],{"id":124449},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124451,57413],{},[15,124453,1992],{},[15,124455,59091],{},[20,124457,154,124458,124460,124461,92],{},[15,124459,57413],{}," when you need the ",[3865,124462,124463],{},"number of matches",[20,124465,154,124466,124460,124471,124473],{},[289,124467,124469],{"href":124468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124470,1992],{},[3865,124472,65068],{}," of the first match.",[20,124475,154,124476,124481],{},[289,124477,124479],{"href":124478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124480,59091],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[412,124483,124485],{"id":124484},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124487,124488,124490],{},[15,124489,57413],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124492,197],{},[43,124494,124496],{"className":45,"code":124495,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124497,124498,124511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124499,124500,124502,124504,124506,124509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124501,207],{"class":58},[52,124503,63],{"class":62},[52,124505,67],{"class":66},[52,124507,124508],{"class":70},"aaaa",[52,124510,74],{"class":66},[52,124512,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525,124527,124530,124532],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124514,81],{"class":80},[52,124516,85],{"class":84},[52,124518,231],{"class":88},[52,124520,92],{"class":84},[52,124522,41386],{"class":88},[52,124524,85],{"class":84},[52,124526,100],{"class":66},[52,124528,124529],{"class":70},"aa",[52,124531,100],{"class":66},[52,124533,108],{"class":84},[20,124535,135],{},[43,124537,124538],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124539,124540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124541,124542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124543,17182],{"class":608},[20,124545,124546,124547,92],{},"It does not return ",[15,124548,627],{},[20,124550,124551],{},"Why not?",[20,124553,124554],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[176,124556,124557,124566],{},[179,124558,124559,124562,124563],{},[15,124560,124561],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124564,124565],{},"0-1",[179,124567,124568,124562,124570],{},[15,124569,124561],{},[15,124571,124572],{},"2-3",[20,124574,124575,124576,92],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124577,124578],{},"1-2",[38,124580,5084,124581],{"id":58496},[15,124582,57413],{},[20,124584,154,124585,124587],{},[15,124586,57413],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124589,124590],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[176,124592,124593,124602,124612,124622],{},[179,124594,154,124595,124597,124598,124601],{},[15,124596,57413],{}," when you need ",[3865,124599,124600],{},"how many times"," something appears",[179,124603,154,124604,124597,124608,124611],{},[289,124605,124606],{"href":124468},[15,124607,1992],{},[3865,124609,124610],{},"where"," it appears",[179,124613,47934,124614,124618,124619],{},[289,124615,124616,101715],{"href":1097},[15,124617,1638],{}," when you only need to know ",[3865,124620,124621],{},"if it exists",[179,124623,154,124624,124628],{},[289,124625,124626],{"href":1810},[15,124627,1834],{}," when you want to change matching text",[38,124630,26068],{"id":26067},[20,124632,8995,124633,124635],{},[15,124634,57413],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[43,124637,124639],{"className":45,"code":124638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124640,124641,124651,124665,124687,124713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124642,124643,124645,124647,124649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124644,81],{"class":80},[52,124646,85],{"class":84},[52,124648,231],{"class":88},[52,124650,329],{"class":84},[52,124652,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124654,81],{"class":80},[52,124656,85],{"class":84},[52,124658,1930],{"class":1929},[52,124660,85],{"class":84},[52,124662,231],{"class":88},[52,124664,108],{"class":84},[52,124666,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,124668,81],{"class":80},[52,124670,85],{"class":84},[52,124672,231],{"class":88},[52,124674,92],{"class":84},[52,124676,41386],{"class":88},[52,124678,85],{"class":84},[52,124680,100],{"class":66},[52,124682,289],{"class":70},[52,124684,100],{"class":66},[52,124686,108],{"class":84},[52,124688,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,124690,81],{"class":80},[52,124692,85],{"class":84},[52,124694,231],{"class":88},[52,124696,92],{"class":84},[52,124698,1238],{"class":88},[52,124700,1241],{"class":84},[52,124702,41386],{"class":88},[52,124704,85],{"class":84},[52,124706,100],{"class":66},[52,124708,289],{"class":70},[52,124710,100],{"class":66},[52,124712,108],{"class":84},[52,124714,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,124716,81],{"class":80},[52,124718,85],{"class":84},[52,124720,231],{"class":88},[52,124722,92],{"class":84},[52,124724,41386],{"class":88},[52,124726,85],{"class":84},[52,124728,100],{"class":66},[52,124730,123558],{"class":70},[52,124732,100],{"class":66},[52,124734,108],{"class":84},[20,124736,124737],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[176,124739,124740,124743,124748,124751],{},[179,124741,124742],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[179,124744,124745,124747],{},[15,124746,231],{}," not being a string",[179,124749,124750],{},"counting the wrong substring",[179,124752,124753],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124755,58985],{},[176,124757,124758,124761,124764,124767],{},[179,124759,124760],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[179,124762,124763],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[179,124765,124766],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[179,124768,50615,124769,1831,124771,32,124773,73431],{},[15,124770,57413],{},[15,124772,1992],{},[15,124774,1638],{},[38,124776,1940],{"id":1939},[412,124778,124780,124781,124783],{"id":124779},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124782,57413],{}," change the original string?",[20,124785,124786],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[412,124788,1971,124790,1974],{"id":124789},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124791,57413],{},[20,124793,124794],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[412,124796,5266,124798,124800],{"id":124797},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124799,57413],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124802,5272,124803,92],{},[15,124804,2235],{},[412,124806,1958,124808,124810],{"id":124807},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124809,57413],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124812,124813],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[412,124815,1944,124817,124819],{"id":124816},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124818,57413],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124821,124822],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[38,124824,2005],{"id":2004},[176,124826,124827,124834,124841,124848,124854],{},[179,124828,124829],{},[289,124830,124831],{"href":124468},[15,124832,124833],{},"Python string find() method",[179,124835,124836],{},[289,124837,124838],{"href":124478},[15,124839,124840],{},"Python string index() method",[179,124842,124843],{},[289,124844,124845],{"href":1205},[15,124846,124847],{},"Python string lower() method",[179,124849,124850],{},[289,124851,124852],{"href":1097},[15,124853,2024],{},[179,124855,124856],{},[289,124857,124858],{"href":1810},[15,124859,2029],{},[2035,124861,124862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":124864},[124865,124866,124868,124871,124872,124873,124874,124877,124878,124886,124887,124888,124900],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":123586,"depth":77,"text":124867},"What the count() method does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":124869},[124870],{"id":17520,"depth":111,"text":17521},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":123801,"depth":77,"text":123802},{"id":65527,"depth":77,"text":66309,"children":124875},[124876],{"id":124021,"depth":111,"text":124022},{"id":1101,"depth":77,"text":1102},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":124879},[124880,124882,124883,124885],{"id":124251,"depth":111,"text":124881},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124361,"depth":111,"text":124362},{"id":124449,"depth":111,"text":124884},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124484,"depth":111,"text":124485},{"id":58496,"depth":77,"text":59127},{"id":26067,"depth":77,"text":26068},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":124889},[124890,124892,124894,124896,124898],{"id":124779,"depth":111,"text":124891},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124789,"depth":111,"text":124893},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124797,"depth":111,"text":124895},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124807,"depth":111,"text":124897},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124816,"depth":111,"text":124899},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123461,"description":124901},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124908,"title":124909,"body":124910,"description":126493,"extension":2078,"meta":126494,"navigation":221,"path":126495,"seo":126496,"stem":126497,"__hash__":126498},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124911,"toc":126466},[124912,124915,124918,125015,125024,125026,125045,125049,125052,125055,125068,125071,125100,125105,125110,125168,125170,125203,125208,125212,125215,125218,125247,125250,125277,125280,125283,125287,125290,125297,125360,125362,125380,125383,125387,125390,125393,125435,125438,125482,125485,125488,125492,125497,125500,125543,125545,125568,125571,125604,125607,125656,125666,125670,125673,125676,125705,125708,125719,125721,125780,125783,125787,125790,125793,125808,125817,125820,125854,125857,125884,125887,125894,125896,125899,125901,125904,125918,125927,125929,125956,125960,125963,125977,125980,126039,126043,126046,126073,126076,126103,126111,126114,126174,126176,126209,126213,126216,126235,126240,126289,126294,126296,126299,126358,126376,126378,126382,126390,126394,126397,126401,126407,126411,126421,126425,126428,126430,126463],[10,124913,124909],{"id":124914},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124916,124917],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[43,124919,124921],{"className":45,"code":124920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124922,124923,124935,124947,124956,124970,124974,124984,124994,125005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124924,124925,124927,124929,124931,124933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124926,441],{"class":58},[52,124928,63],{"class":62},[52,124930,67],{"class":66},[52,124932,5127],{"class":70},[52,124934,74],{"class":66},[52,124936,124937,124939,124941,124943,124945],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,124938,978],{"class":58},[52,124940,63],{"class":62},[52,124942,3416],{"class":66},[52,124944,34992],{"class":70},[52,124946,29826],{"class":66},[52,124948,124949,124952,124954],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,124950,124951],{"class":58},"empty ",[52,124953,63],{"class":62},[52,124955,8005],{"class":66},[52,124957,124958,124960,124962,124964,124966,124968],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,124959,207],{"class":58},[52,124961,63],{"class":62},[52,124963,49028],{"class":1929},[52,124965,85],{"class":84},[52,124967,50369],{"class":608},[52,124969,329],{"class":84},[52,124971,124972],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,124973,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,124975,124976,124978,124980,124982],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,124977,81],{"class":80},[52,124979,85],{"class":84},[52,124981,459],{"class":88},[52,124983,329],{"class":84},[52,124985,124986,124988,124990,124992],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,124987,81],{"class":80},[52,124989,85],{"class":84},[52,124991,996],{"class":88},[52,124993,329],{"class":84},[52,124995,124996,124998,125000,125003],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,124997,81],{"class":80},[52,124999,85],{"class":84},[52,125001,125002],{"class":88},"empty",[52,125004,329],{"class":84},[52,125006,125007,125009,125011,125013],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,125008,81],{"class":80},[52,125010,85],{"class":84},[52,125012,231],{"class":88},[52,125014,329],{"class":84},[20,125016,125017,125020,125021,125023],{},[3865,125018,125019],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125022,47807],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[38,125025,15287],{"id":15286},[176,125027,125028,125031,125034,125037,125042],{},[179,125029,125030],{},"What a string is in Python",[179,125032,125033],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[179,125035,125036],{},"How to create an empty string",[179,125038,125039,125040],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125041,47807],{},[179,125043,125044],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[38,125046,125048],{"id":125047},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125050,125051],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125053,125054],{},"Strings can contain:",[176,125056,125057,125060,125062,125065],{},[179,125058,125059],{},"Letters",[179,125061,56584],{},[179,125063,125064],{},"Spaces",[179,125066,125067],{},"Symbols",[20,125069,125070],{},"Examples of strings:",[43,125072,125074],{"className":45,"code":125073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125075,125076,125084,125092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125077,125078,125080,125082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125079,100],{"class":43453},[52,125081,266],{"class":43457},[52,125083,74],{"class":43453},[52,125085,125086,125088,125090],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125087,100],{"class":43453},[52,125089,50369],{"class":43457},[52,125091,74],{"class":43453},[52,125093,125094,125096,125098],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125095,100],{"class":43453},[52,125097,89266],{"class":43457},[52,125099,74],{"class":43453},[20,125101,21104,125102,125104],{},[15,125103,50419],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125106,125107,125108,174],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125109,2419],{},[43,125111,125113],{"className":45,"code":125112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125114,125115,125127,125136,125140,125154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125116,125117,125119,125121,125123,125125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125118,207],{"class":58},[52,125120,63],{"class":62},[52,125122,67],{"class":66},[52,125124,50369],{"class":70},[52,125126,74],{"class":66},[52,125128,125129,125131,125133],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125130,2333],{"class":58},[52,125132,63],{"class":62},[52,125134,125135],{"class":608}," 123\n",[52,125137,125138],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125139,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,125141,125142,125144,125146,125148,125150,125152],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,125143,81],{"class":80},[52,125145,85],{"class":84},[52,125147,1930],{"class":1929},[52,125149,85],{"class":84},[52,125151,231],{"class":88},[52,125153,108],{"class":84},[52,125155,125156,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,125157,81],{"class":80},[52,125159,85],{"class":84},[52,125161,1930],{"class":1929},[52,125163,85],{"class":84},[52,125165,2356],{"class":88},[52,125167,108],{"class":84},[20,125169,135],{},[43,125171,125173],{"className":45,"code":125172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125174,125175,125189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125176,125177,125179,125181,125183,125185,125187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125178,3410],{"class":62},[52,125180,3413],{"class":2180},[52,125182,3416],{"class":66},[52,125184,3563],{"class":70},[52,125186,1888],{"class":66},[52,125188,3423],{"class":62},[52,125190,125191,125193,125195,125197,125199,125201],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125192,3410],{"class":62},[52,125194,3413],{"class":2180},[52,125196,3416],{"class":66},[52,125198,2304],{"class":70},[52,125200,1888],{"class":66},[52,125202,3423],{"class":62},[20,125204,125205,125206,92],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[289,125207,292],{"href":291},[38,125209,125211],{"id":125210},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125213,125214],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125216,125217],{},"You can use single quotes:",[43,125219,125221],{"className":45,"code":125220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125222,125223,125236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125224,125225,125228,125230,125232,125234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125226,125227],{"class":58},"greeting ",[52,125229,63],{"class":62},[52,125231,3416],{"class":66},[52,125233,266],{"class":70},[52,125235,29826],{"class":66},[52,125237,125238,125240,125242,125245],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125239,81],{"class":80},[52,125241,85],{"class":84},[52,125243,125244],{"class":88},"greeting",[52,125246,329],{"class":84},[20,125248,125249],{},"Or double quotes:",[43,125251,125253],{"className":45,"code":125252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125254,125255,125267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125256,125257,125259,125261,125263,125265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125258,125227],{"class":58},[52,125260,63],{"class":62},[52,125262,67],{"class":66},[52,125264,266],{"class":70},[52,125266,74],{"class":66},[52,125268,125269,125271,125273,125275],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125270,81],{"class":80},[52,125272,85],{"class":84},[52,125274,125244],{"class":88},[52,125276,329],{"class":84},[20,125278,125279],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125281,125282],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[38,125284,125286],{"id":125285},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125288,125289],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125291,125292,125293,32,125295,174],{},"Use either ",[15,125294,6395],{},[15,125296,3896],{},[43,125298,125300],{"className":45,"code":125299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125301,125302,125311,125320,125324,125335,125346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125303,125304,125307,125309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125305,125306],{"class":58},"empty1 ",[52,125308,63],{"class":62},[52,125310,8005],{"class":66},[52,125312,125313,125316,125318],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125314,125315],{"class":58},"empty2 ",[52,125317,63],{"class":62},[52,125319,47619],{"class":66},[52,125321,125322],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125323,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,125325,125326,125328,125330,125333],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,125327,81],{"class":80},[52,125329,85],{"class":84},[52,125331,125332],{"class":88},"empty1",[52,125334,329],{"class":84},[52,125336,125337,125339,125341,125344],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,125338,81],{"class":80},[52,125340,85],{"class":84},[52,125342,125343],{"class":88},"empty2",[52,125345,329],{"class":84},[52,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125358],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,125349,81],{"class":80},[52,125351,85],{"class":84},[52,125353,1930],{"class":1929},[52,125355,85],{"class":84},[52,125357,125332],{"class":88},[52,125359,108],{"class":84},[20,125361,135],{},[43,125363,125364],{"className":45,"code":45893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,125365,125366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125369,3410],{"class":62},[52,125371,3413],{"class":2180},[52,125373,3416],{"class":66},[52,125375,3563],{"class":70},[52,125377,1888],{"class":66},[52,125379,3423],{"class":62},[20,125381,125382],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[38,125384,125386],{"id":125385},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125388,125389],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125391,125392],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[43,125394,125396],{"className":45,"code":125395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125397,125398,125409,125414,125421,125425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125399,125400,125402,125404,125407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125401,978],{"class":58},[52,125403,63],{"class":62},[52,125405,125406],{"class":66}," \"\"\"",[52,125408,89066],{"class":70},[52,125410,125411],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125412,125413],{"class":70},"Welcome to Python\n",[52,125415,125416,125419],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125417,125418],{"class":70},"Have a nice day",[52,125420,43461],{"class":66},[52,125422,125423],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,125424,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,125426,125427,125429,125431,125433],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,125428,81],{"class":80},[52,125430,85],{"class":84},[52,125432,996],{"class":88},[52,125434,329],{"class":84},[20,125436,125437],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[43,125439,125441],{"className":45,"code":125440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125442,125443,125455,125460,125468,125472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125444,125445,125447,125449,125452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125446,978],{"class":58},[52,125448,63],{"class":62},[52,125450,125451],{"class":66}," '''",[52,125453,125454],{"class":70},"Line 1\n",[52,125456,125457],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125458,125459],{"class":70},"Line 2\n",[52,125461,125462,125465],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125463,125464],{"class":70},"Line 3",[52,125466,125467],{"class":66},"'''\n",[52,125469,125470],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,125471,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,125473,125474,125476,125478,125480],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,125475,81],{"class":80},[52,125477,85],{"class":84},[52,125479,996],{"class":88},[52,125481,329],{"class":84},[20,125483,125484],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125486,125487],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[38,125489,125491],{"id":125490},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125493,2095,125494,125496],{},[15,125495,47807],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125498,125499],{},"Example with a number:",[43,125501,125503],{"className":45,"code":125502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125504,125505,125519,125529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513,125515,125517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125508,207],{"class":58},[52,125510,63],{"class":62},[52,125512,49028],{"class":1929},[52,125514,85],{"class":84},[52,125516,46649],{"class":608},[52,125518,329],{"class":84},[52,125520,125521,125523,125525,125527],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125522,81],{"class":80},[52,125524,85],{"class":84},[52,125526,231],{"class":88},[52,125528,329],{"class":84},[52,125530,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125532,81],{"class":80},[52,125534,85],{"class":84},[52,125536,1930],{"class":1929},[52,125538,85],{"class":84},[52,125540,231],{"class":88},[52,125542,108],{"class":84},[20,125544,135],{},[43,125546,125548],{"className":45,"code":125547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125549,125550,125554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125551,125552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125553,46735],{"class":608},[52,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564,125566],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125557,3410],{"class":62},[52,125559,3413],{"class":2180},[52,125561,3416],{"class":66},[52,125563,3563],{"class":70},[52,125565,1888],{"class":66},[52,125567,3423],{"class":62},[20,125569,125570],{},"You can also convert other values:",[43,125572,125574],{"className":45,"code":125573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125575,125576,125590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584,125586,125588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125579,81],{"class":80},[52,125581,85],{"class":84},[52,125583,3563],{"class":1929},[52,125585,85],{"class":84},[52,125587,31],{"class":145},[52,125589,108],{"class":84},[52,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125593,81],{"class":80},[52,125595,85],{"class":84},[52,125597,3563],{"class":1929},[52,125599,85],{"class":84},[52,125601,40269],{"class":608},[52,125603,108],{"class":84},[20,125605,125606],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[43,125608,125610],{"className":45,"code":125609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125611,125612,125620,125642,125646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125613,125614,125616,125618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125615,21754],{"class":58},[52,125617,63],{"class":62},[52,125619,45348],{"class":608},[52,125621,125622,125624,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125623,978],{"class":58},[52,125625,63],{"class":62},[52,125627,67],{"class":66},[52,125629,89542],{"class":70},[52,125631,100],{"class":66},[52,125633,2572],{"class":62},[52,125635,49028],{"class":1929},[52,125637,85],{"class":84},[52,125639,9419],{"class":88},[52,125641,329],{"class":84},[52,125643,125644],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125645,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,125647,125648,125650,125652,125654],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,125649,81],{"class":80},[52,125651,85],{"class":84},[52,125653,996],{"class":88},[52,125655,329],{"class":84},[20,125657,125658,125659,32,125663,92],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[289,125660,3696,125661,3629],{"href":42300},[15,125662,47807],{},[289,125664,125665],{"href":123392},"how to convert int to string in Python",[38,125667,125669],{"id":125668},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125671,125672],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125674,125675],{},"Both of these are valid:",[43,125677,125679],{"className":45,"code":125678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125680,125681,125693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125684,2673],{"class":58},[52,125686,63],{"class":62},[52,125688,3416],{"class":66},[52,125690,7420],{"class":70},[52,125692,29826],{"class":66},[52,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701,125703],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125696,2701],{"class":58},[52,125698,63],{"class":62},[52,125700,67],{"class":66},[52,125702,7420],{"class":70},[52,125704,74],{"class":66},[20,125706,125707],{},"A common rule is:",[176,125709,125710,125713,125716],{},[179,125711,125712],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[179,125714,125715],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[179,125717,125718],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125720,197],{},[43,125722,125724],{"className":45,"code":125723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125725,125726,125740,125754,125758,125769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125727,125728,125731,125733,125735,125738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125729,125730],{"class":58},"text1 ",[52,125732,63],{"class":62},[52,125734,67],{"class":66},[52,125736,125737],{"class":70},"It's working",[52,125739,74],{"class":66},[52,125741,125742,125745,125747,125749,125752],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125743,125744],{"class":58},"text2 ",[52,125746,63],{"class":62},[52,125748,3416],{"class":66},[52,125750,125751],{"class":70},"She said \"hello\"",[52,125753,29826],{"class":66},[52,125755,125756],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,125757,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,125759,125760,125762,125764,125767],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,125761,81],{"class":80},[52,125763,85],{"class":84},[52,125765,125766],{"class":88},"text1",[52,125768,329],{"class":84},[52,125770,125771,125773,125775,125778],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,125772,81],{"class":80},[52,125774,85],{"class":84},[52,125776,125777],{"class":88},"text2",[52,125779,329],{"class":84},[20,125781,125782],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[38,125784,125786],{"id":125785},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125788,125789],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125791,125792],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[43,125794,125796],{"className":45,"code":125795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125797,125798,125803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125799,125800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125801,125802],{"class":1479},"# This will cause an error\n",[52,125804,125805],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125806,125807],{"class":1479},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125809,125810,125811,35455,125813,125816],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125812,1888],{},[15,125814,125815],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125818,125819],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[43,125821,125823],{"className":45,"code":125822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125824,125825,125844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125826,125827,125829,125831,125833,125836,125839,125842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125828,207],{"class":58},[52,125830,63],{"class":62},[52,125832,3416],{"class":66},[52,125834,125835],{"class":70},"It",[52,125837,125838],{"class":841},"\\'",[52,125840,125841],{"class":70},"s working",[52,125843,29826],{"class":66},[52,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125847,81],{"class":80},[52,125849,85],{"class":84},[52,125851,231],{"class":88},[52,125853,329],{"class":84},[20,125855,125856],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[43,125858,125860],{"className":45,"code":125859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125861,125862,125874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125863,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125865,207],{"class":58},[52,125867,63],{"class":62},[52,125869,67],{"class":66},[52,125871,125737],{"class":70},[52,125873,74],{"class":66},[52,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125877,81],{"class":80},[52,125879,85],{"class":84},[52,125881,231],{"class":88},[52,125883,329],{"class":84},[20,125885,125886],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125888,125889,125890,92],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[289,125891,125893],{"href":125892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[38,125895,1445],{"id":1444},[20,125897,125898],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[412,125900,90328],{"id":90327},[20,125902,125903],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[43,125905,125907],{"className":45,"code":125906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125908,125909,125913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125910,125911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125912,125802],{"class":1479},[52,125914,125915],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125916,125917],{"class":1479},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125919,125920,125921,8723,125924,125926],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125922,125923],{},"NameError",[15,125925,5127],{}," is not defined.",[20,125928,10929],{},[43,125930,125932],{"className":45,"code":125931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125933,125934,125946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125935,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125937,441],{"class":58},[52,125939,63],{"class":62},[52,125941,67],{"class":66},[52,125943,5127],{"class":70},[52,125945,74],{"class":66},[52,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125949,81],{"class":80},[52,125951,85],{"class":84},[52,125953,459],{"class":88},[52,125955,329],{"class":84},[412,125957,125959],{"id":125958},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125961,125962],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[43,125964,125966],{"className":45,"code":125965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125967,125968,125972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125969,125970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125971,125802],{"class":1479},[52,125973,125974],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,125975,125976],{"class":1479},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125978,125979],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[43,125981,125983],{"className":45,"code":125982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125984,125985,126002,126015,126019,126029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125986,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995,125997,126000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125988,125730],{"class":58},[52,125990,63],{"class":62},[52,125992,3416],{"class":66},[52,125994,125835],{"class":70},[52,125996,125838],{"class":841},[52,125998,125999],{"class":70},"s good",[52,126001,29826],{"class":66},[52,126003,126004,126006,126008,126010,126013],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126005,125744],{"class":58},[52,126007,63],{"class":62},[52,126009,67],{"class":66},[52,126011,126012],{"class":70},"It's good",[52,126014,74],{"class":66},[52,126016,126017],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,126018,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,126022,81],{"class":80},[52,126024,85],{"class":84},[52,126026,125766],{"class":88},[52,126028,329],{"class":84},[52,126030,126031,126033,126035,126037],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,126032,81],{"class":80},[52,126034,85],{"class":84},[52,126036,125777],{"class":88},[52,126038,329],{"class":84},[412,126040,126042],{"id":126041},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126044,126045],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[43,126047,126049],{"className":45,"code":126048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126050,126051,126063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126052,126053,126055,126057,126059,126061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126054,207],{"class":58},[52,126056,63],{"class":62},[52,126058,125406],{"class":66},[52,126060,266],{"class":70},[52,126062,43461],{"class":66},[52,126064,126065,126067,126069,126071],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126066,81],{"class":80},[52,126068,85],{"class":84},[52,126070,231],{"class":88},[52,126072,329],{"class":84},[20,126074,126075],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[43,126077,126079],{"className":45,"code":126078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126080,126081,126093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126084,207],{"class":58},[52,126086,63],{"class":62},[52,126088,67],{"class":66},[52,126090,266],{"class":70},[52,126092,74],{"class":66},[52,126094,126095,126097,126099,126101],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126096,81],{"class":80},[52,126098,85],{"class":84},[52,126100,231],{"class":88},[52,126102,329],{"class":84},[412,126104,4700,126106,342,126108,126110],{"id":126105},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126107,50369],{},[15,126109,50419],{}," are the same type",[20,126112,126113],{},"They are different:",[43,126115,126117],{"className":45,"code":126116,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126118,126119,126128,126141,126145,126159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126120,126121,126124,126126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126122,126123],{"class":58},"value1 ",[52,126125,63],{"class":62},[52,126127,125135],{"class":608},[52,126129,126130,126133,126135,126137,126139],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126131,126132],{"class":58},"value2 ",[52,126134,63],{"class":62},[52,126136,67],{"class":66},[52,126138,50369],{"class":70},[52,126140,74],{"class":66},[52,126142,126143],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,126144,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155,126157],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,126148,81],{"class":80},[52,126150,85],{"class":84},[52,126152,1930],{"class":1929},[52,126154,85],{"class":84},[52,126156,84890],{"class":88},[52,126158,108],{"class":84},[52,126160,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126172],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,126162,81],{"class":80},[52,126164,85],{"class":84},[52,126166,1930],{"class":1929},[52,126168,85],{"class":84},[52,126170,126171],{"class":88},"value2",[52,126173,108],{"class":84},[20,126175,135],{},[43,126177,126179],{"className":45,"code":126178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126180,126181,126195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126184,3410],{"class":62},[52,126186,3413],{"class":2180},[52,126188,3416],{"class":66},[52,126190,2304],{"class":70},[52,126192,1888],{"class":66},[52,126194,3423],{"class":62},[52,126196,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126198,3410],{"class":62},[52,126200,3413],{"class":2180},[52,126202,3416],{"class":66},[52,126204,3563],{"class":70},[52,126206,1888],{"class":66},[52,126208,3423],{"class":62},[412,126210,126212],{"id":126211},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126214,126215],{},"This causes a type error:",[43,126217,126219],{"className":45,"code":126218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126220,126221,126225,126230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126222,126223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126224,125802],{"class":1479},[52,126226,126227],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126228,126229],{"class":1479},"# age = 10\n",[52,126231,126232],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,126233,126234],{"class":1479},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126236,126237,126238,174],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126239,47807],{},[43,126241,126243],{"className":45,"code":126242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126244,126245,126253,126275,126279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126246,126247,126249,126251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126248,21754],{"class":58},[52,126250,63],{"class":62},[52,126252,2706],{"class":608},[52,126254,126255,126257,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126256,978],{"class":58},[52,126258,63],{"class":62},[52,126260,67],{"class":66},[52,126262,89542],{"class":70},[52,126264,100],{"class":66},[52,126266,2572],{"class":62},[52,126268,49028],{"class":1929},[52,126270,85],{"class":84},[52,126272,9419],{"class":88},[52,126274,329],{"class":84},[52,126276,126277],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,126278,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,126280,126281,126283,126285,126287],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,126282,81],{"class":80},[52,126284,85],{"class":84},[52,126286,996],{"class":88},[52,126288,329],{"class":84},[20,126290,126291,126292,92],{},"For this specific error, see ",[289,126293,90520],{"href":90519},[412,126295,60832],{"id":60831},[20,126297,126298],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[43,126300,126302],{"className":45,"code":126301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126303,126304,126316,126320,126330,126344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126305,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126307,207],{"class":58},[52,126309,63],{"class":62},[52,126311,67],{"class":66},[52,126313,266],{"class":70},[52,126315,74],{"class":66},[52,126317,126318],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,126319,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,126321,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,126323,81],{"class":80},[52,126325,85],{"class":84},[52,126327,231],{"class":88},[52,126329,329],{"class":84},[52,126331,126332,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,126333,81],{"class":80},[52,126335,85],{"class":84},[52,126337,1930],{"class":1929},[52,126339,85],{"class":84},[52,126341,231],{"class":88},[52,126343,108],{"class":84},[52,126345,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,126347,81],{"class":80},[52,126349,85],{"class":84},[52,126351,1865],{"class":80},[52,126353,85],{"class":84},[52,126355,231],{"class":88},[52,126357,108],{"class":84},[176,126359,126360,126365,126370],{},[179,126361,126362,46401],{},[15,126363,126364],{},"print(text)",[179,126366,126367,46406],{},[15,126368,126369],{},"print(type(text))",[179,126371,126372,126375],{},[15,126373,126374],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[38,126377,1940],{"id":1939},[412,126379,126381],{"id":126380},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126383,126384,126385,32,126388,92],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126386,126387],{},"'hello'",[15,126389,64656],{},[412,126391,126393],{"id":126392},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126395,126396],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[412,126398,126400],{"id":126399},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126402,154,126403,32,126405,92],{},[15,126404,6395],{},[15,126406,3896],{},[412,126408,126410],{"id":126409},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126412,154,126413,126415,126416,126418,126419,92],{},[15,126414,47807],{},", like ",[15,126417,80500],{},", which returns ",[15,126420,42251],{},[412,126422,126424],{"id":126423},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126426,126427],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[38,126429,2005],{"id":2004},[176,126431,126432,126436,126442,126447,126455,126459],{},[179,126433,126434],{},[289,126435,292],{"href":291},[179,126437,126438],{},[289,126439,3696,126440,3629],{"href":42300},[15,126441,47807],{},[179,126443,126444],{},[289,126445,126446],{"href":123392},"How to convert int to string in Python",[179,126448,126449],{},[289,126450,1437,126452,1441],{"href":126451},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126453,126454],{},"format()",[179,126456,126457],{},[289,126458,125893],{"href":125892},[179,126460,126461],{},[289,126462,90520],{"href":90519},[2035,126464,126465],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki 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String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128264,"toc":129904},[128265,128270,128275,128280,128285,128378,128388,128393,128398,128413,128415,128497,128505,128507,128509,128536,128538,128554,128561,128563,128671,128673,128678,128694,128696,128791,128799,128802,128808,128813,128818,128825,128964,128967,128980,128982,128986,128993,129063,129066,129115,129122,129129,129143,129148,129153,129199,129245,129261,129263,129268,129282,129285,129407,129412,129414,129419,129452,129455,129531,129533,129542,129556,129559,129643,129646,129757,129760,129788,129790,129797,129801,129807,129810,129816,129819,129826,129837,129843,129850,129852,129901],[10,128266,13,128268,18],{"id":128267},"python-string-find-method",[15,128269,1992],{},[20,128271,22,128272,128274],{},[15,128273,1992],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128276,128277,128278,92],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128279,65975],{},[20,128281,154,128282,128284],{},[15,128283,1992],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[43,128286,128288],{"className":45,"code":128287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128289,128290,128302,128325,128338,128342,128365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128291,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128293,207],{"class":58},[52,128295,63],{"class":62},[52,128297,67],{"class":66},[52,128299,214],{"class":70},[52,128301,74],{"class":66},[52,128303,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,128305,65041],{"class":58},[52,128307,63],{"class":62},[52,128309,1705],{"class":58},[52,128311,92],{"class":84},[52,128313,128314],{"class":88},"find",[52,128316,85],{"class":84},[52,128318,100],{"class":66},[52,128320,242],{"class":70},[52,128322,100],{"class":66},[52,128324,329],{"class":84},[52,128326,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,128328,81],{"class":80},[52,128330,85],{"class":84},[52,128332,65068],{"class":88},[52,128334,3784],{"class":84},[52,128336,128337],{"class":1479},"   # 6\n",[52,128339,128340],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,128341,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,128343,128344,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,128345,128346],{"class":58},"missing ",[52,128348,63],{"class":62},[52,128350,1705],{"class":58},[52,128352,92],{"class":84},[52,128354,128314],{"class":88},[52,128356,85],{"class":84},[52,128358,100],{"class":66},[52,128360,47],{"class":70},[52,128362,100],{"class":66},[52,128364,329],{"class":84},[52,128366,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,128368,81],{"class":80},[52,128370,85],{"class":84},[52,128372,26899],{"class":88},[52,128374,3784],{"class":84},[52,128376,128377],{"class":1479},"    # -1\n",[43705,128379,128380],{},[20,128381,154,128382,128384,128385,128387],{},[15,128383,1992],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128386,65975],{}," if the substring is not found.",[38,128389,166,128391,169],{"id":128390},"what-find-does",[15,128392,1992],{},[20,128394,128395,128397],{},[15,128396,1992],{}," is a string method that:",[176,128399,128400,128403,128406,128411],{},[179,128401,128402],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[179,128404,128405],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[179,128407,184,128408,128410],{},[15,128409,65975],{}," if no match is found",[179,128412,191],{},[20,128414,197],{},[43,128416,128418],{"className":45,"code":128417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128419,128420,128432,128436,128460,128484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128421,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128423,207],{"class":58},[52,128425,63],{"class":62},[52,128427,67],{"class":66},[52,128429,4208],{"class":70},[52,128431,74],{"class":66},[52,128433,128434],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,128435,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,128437,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,128439,81],{"class":80},[52,128441,85],{"class":84},[52,128443,231],{"class":88},[52,128445,92],{"class":84},[52,128447,128314],{"class":88},[52,128449,85],{"class":84},[52,128451,100],{"class":66},[52,128453,123558],{"class":70},[52,128455,100],{"class":66},[52,128457,5485],{"class":84},[52,128459,57768],{"class":1479},[52,128461,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,128463,81],{"class":80},[52,128465,85],{"class":84},[52,128467,231],{"class":88},[52,128469,92],{"class":84},[52,128471,128314],{"class":88},[52,128473,85],{"class":84},[52,128475,100],{"class":66},[52,128477,2289],{"class":70},[52,128479,100],{"class":66},[52,128481,5485],{"class":84},[52,128483,128377],{"class":1479},[52,128485,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,128487,81],{"class":80},[52,128489,85],{"class":84},[52,128491,231],{"class":88},[52,128493,3784],{"class":84},[52,128495,128496],{"class":1479},"              # banana\n",[20,128498,20897,128499,128502,128503,92],{},[15,128500,128501],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128504,2172],{},[38,128506,296],{"id":295},[20,128508,2275],{},[43,128510,128512],{"className":45,"code":128511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128513,128514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128515,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128517,306],{"class":58},[52,128519,92],{"class":84},[52,128521,128314],{"class":88},[52,128523,85],{"class":84},[52,128525,2591],{"class":88},[52,128527,318],{"class":84},[52,128529,321],{"class":88},[52,128531,318],{"class":84},[52,128533,326],{"class":88},[52,128535,329],{"class":84},[412,128537,17521],{"id":17520},[176,128539,128540,128544,128549],{},[179,128541,128542,123657],{},[15,128543,2591],{},[179,128545,128546,128548],{},[15,128547,341],{},": optional starting position",[179,128550,128551,128553],{},[15,128552,345],{},": optional ending position",[20,128555,128556,342,128558,128560],{},[15,128557,341],{},[15,128559,345],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128562,356],{},[43,128564,128566],{"className":45,"code":128565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128567,128568,128580,128584,128609,128638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128569,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128571,207],{"class":58},[52,128573,63],{"class":62},[52,128575,67],{"class":66},[52,128577,214],{"class":70},[52,128579,74],{"class":66},[52,128581,128582],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,128583,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,128585,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,128587,81],{"class":80},[52,128589,85],{"class":84},[52,128591,231],{"class":88},[52,128593,92],{"class":84},[52,128595,128314],{"class":88},[52,128597,85],{"class":84},[52,128599,100],{"class":66},[52,128601,60596],{"class":70},[52,128603,100],{"class":66},[52,128605,5485],{"class":84},[52,128607,128608],{"class":1479},"        # 4\n",[52,128610,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,128612,81],{"class":80},[52,128614,85],{"class":84},[52,128616,231],{"class":88},[52,128618,92],{"class":84},[52,128620,128314],{"class":88},[52,128622,85],{"class":84},[52,128624,100],{"class":66},[52,128626,60596],{"class":70},[52,128628,100],{"class":66},[52,128630,318],{"class":84},[52,128632,4726],{"class":608},[52,128634,5485],{"class":84},[52,128636,128637],{"class":1479},"     # 7\n",[52,128639,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,128641,81],{"class":80},[52,128643,85],{"class":84},[52,128645,231],{"class":88},[52,128647,92],{"class":84},[52,128649,128314],{"class":88},[52,128651,85],{"class":84},[52,128653,100],{"class":66},[52,128655,60596],{"class":70},[52,128657,100],{"class":66},[52,128659,318],{"class":84},[52,128661,4726],{"class":608},[52,128663,318],{"class":84},[52,128665,6117],{"class":608},[52,128667,5485],{"class":84},[52,128669,128670],{"class":1479},"  # -1\n",[38,128672,38146],{"id":38145},[20,128674,57667,128675,128677],{},[15,128676,1992],{}," is always an integer.",[176,128679,128680,128686,128689],{},[179,128681,128682,128683,128685],{},"A number ",[15,128684,2235],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[179,128687,128688],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[179,128690,128691,128693],{},[15,128692,65975],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128695,197],{},[43,128697,128699],{"className":45,"code":128698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128700,128701,128713,128717,128742,128767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128702,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128704,207],{"class":58},[52,128706,63],{"class":62},[52,128708,67],{"class":66},[52,128710,47],{"class":70},[52,128712,74],{"class":66},[52,128714,128715],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,128716,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,128718,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128736,128738,128740],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,128720,81],{"class":80},[52,128722,85],{"class":84},[52,128724,231],{"class":88},[52,128726,92],{"class":84},[52,128728,128314],{"class":88},[52,128730,85],{"class":84},[52,128732,100],{"class":66},[52,128734,128735],{"class":70},"py",[52,128737,100],{"class":66},[52,128739,5485],{"class":84},[52,128741,20894],{"class":1479},[52,128743,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128761,128763,128765],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,128745,81],{"class":80},[52,128747,85],{"class":84},[52,128749,231],{"class":88},[52,128751,92],{"class":84},[52,128753,128314],{"class":88},[52,128755,85],{"class":84},[52,128757,100],{"class":66},[52,128759,128760],{"class":70},"th",[52,128762,100],{"class":66},[52,128764,5485],{"class":84},[52,128766,57768],{"class":1479},[52,128768,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,128770,81],{"class":80},[52,128772,85],{"class":84},[52,128774,231],{"class":88},[52,128776,92],{"class":84},[52,128778,128314],{"class":88},[52,128780,85],{"class":84},[52,128782,100],{"class":66},[52,128784,22203],{"class":70},[52,128786,100],{"class":66},[52,128788,5485],{"class":84},[52,128790,128377],{"class":1479},[20,128792,90026,128793,8577,128795,32,128797,92],{},[15,128794,1992],{},[15,128796,31],{},[15,128798,35],{},[20,128800,128801],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[38,128803,1828,128804,342,128806],{"id":65527},[15,128805,341],{},[15,128807,345],{},[20,128809,154,128810,128812],{},[15,128811,341],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128814,154,128815,128817],{},[15,128816,345],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128819,2095,128820,75582,128822,128824],{},[15,128821,345],{},[3865,128823,65190],{}," in the search.",[43,128826,128828],{"className":45,"code":128827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128829,128830,128843,128847,128871,128900,128932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128831,128832,128834,128836,128838,128841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128833,207],{"class":58},[52,128835,63],{"class":62},[52,128837,67],{"class":66},[52,128839,128840],{"class":70},"one two three two",[52,128842,74],{"class":66},[52,128844,128845],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,128846,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,128848,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,128850,81],{"class":80},[52,128852,85],{"class":84},[52,128854,231],{"class":88},[52,128856,92],{"class":84},[52,128858,128314],{"class":88},[52,128860,85],{"class":84},[52,128862,100],{"class":66},[52,128864,79391],{"class":70},[52,128866,100],{"class":66},[52,128868,5485],{"class":84},[52,128870,128608],{"class":1479},[52,128872,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,128874,81],{"class":80},[52,128876,85],{"class":84},[52,128878,231],{"class":88},[52,128880,92],{"class":84},[52,128882,128314],{"class":88},[52,128884,85],{"class":84},[52,128886,100],{"class":66},[52,128888,79391],{"class":70},[52,128890,100],{"class":66},[52,128892,318],{"class":84},[52,128894,4726],{"class":608},[52,128896,5485],{"class":84},[52,128898,128899],{"class":1479},"     # 14\n",[52,128901,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,128903,81],{"class":80},[52,128905,85],{"class":84},[52,128907,231],{"class":88},[52,128909,92],{"class":84},[52,128911,128314],{"class":88},[52,128913,85],{"class":84},[52,128915,100],{"class":66},[52,128917,79391],{"class":70},[52,128919,100],{"class":66},[52,128921,318],{"class":84},[52,128923,683],{"class":608},[52,128925,318],{"class":84},[52,128927,6117],{"class":608},[52,128929,5485],{"class":84},[52,128931,51059],{"class":1479},[52,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,128935,81],{"class":80},[52,128937,85],{"class":84},[52,128939,231],{"class":88},[52,128941,92],{"class":84},[52,128943,128314],{"class":88},[52,128945,85],{"class":84},[52,128947,100],{"class":66},[52,128949,79391],{"class":70},[52,128951,100],{"class":66},[52,128953,318],{"class":84},[52,128955,683],{"class":608},[52,128957,318],{"class":84},[52,128959,2575],{"class":608},[52,128961,5485],{"class":84},[52,128963,128670],{"class":1479},[20,128965,128966],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128968,128969,128970,55191,128974,92],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[289,128971,128973],{"href":128972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[289,128975,128977,128979],{"href":128976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128978,60654],{}," string method",[38,128981,1102],{"id":1101},[20,128983,128984,1107],{},[15,128985,1992],{},[20,128987,1110,128988,342,128990,128992],{},[15,128989,90532],{},[15,128991,64656],{}," are treated as different text.",[43,128994,128996],{"className":45,"code":128995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128997,128998,129011,129015,129039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128999,129000,129002,129004,129006,129009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129001,207],{"class":58},[52,129003,63],{"class":62},[52,129005,67],{"class":66},[52,129007,129008],{"class":70},"Hello World",[52,129010,74],{"class":66},[52,129012,129013],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129014,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129016,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129018,81],{"class":80},[52,129020,85],{"class":84},[52,129022,231],{"class":88},[52,129024,92],{"class":84},[52,129026,128314],{"class":88},[52,129028,85],{"class":84},[52,129030,100],{"class":66},[52,129032,34992],{"class":70},[52,129034,100],{"class":66},[52,129036,5485],{"class":84},[52,129038,51370],{"class":1479},[52,129040,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,129042,81],{"class":80},[52,129044,85],{"class":84},[52,129046,231],{"class":88},[52,129048,92],{"class":84},[52,129050,128314],{"class":88},[52,129052,85],{"class":84},[52,129054,100],{"class":66},[52,129056,266],{"class":70},[52,129058,100],{"class":66},[52,129060,5485],{"class":84},[52,129062,128670],{"class":1479},[20,129064,129065],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[43,129067,129069],{"className":45,"code":129068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129070,129071,129083,129087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129072,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129074,207],{"class":58},[52,129076,63],{"class":62},[52,129078,67],{"class":66},[52,129080,129008],{"class":70},[52,129082,74],{"class":66},[52,129084,129085],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129086,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129088,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129090,81],{"class":80},[52,129092,85],{"class":84},[52,129094,231],{"class":88},[52,129096,92],{"class":84},[52,129098,1238],{"class":88},[52,129100,1241],{"class":84},[52,129102,128314],{"class":88},[52,129104,85],{"class":84},[52,129106,100],{"class":66},[52,129108,266],{"class":70},[52,129110,100],{"class":66},[52,129112,5485],{"class":84},[52,129114,51370],{"class":1479},[38,129116,129118,10707,129120],{"id":129117},"find-vs-index",[15,129119,1992],{},[15,129121,59091],{},[20,129123,129124,342,129126,129128],{},[15,129125,1992],{},[15,129127,59091],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[176,129130,129131,129137],{},[179,129132,129133,2515,129135],{},[15,129134,1992],{},[15,129136,65975],{},[179,129138,129139,52617,129141],{},[15,129140,59091],{},[15,129142,40830],{},[20,129144,154,129145,129147],{},[15,129146,1992],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129149,154,129150,129152],{},[15,129151,59091],{}," when the value must exist.",[43,129154,129156],{"className":45,"code":129155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129157,129158,129170,129174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129159,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129161,207],{"class":58},[52,129163,63],{"class":62},[52,129165,67],{"class":66},[52,129167,266],{"class":70},[52,129169,74],{"class":66},[52,129171,129172],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129173,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129175,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129177,81],{"class":80},[52,129179,85],{"class":84},[52,129181,231],{"class":88},[52,129183,92],{"class":84},[52,129185,128314],{"class":88},[52,129187,85],{"class":84},[52,129189,100],{"class":66},[52,129191,2289],{"class":70},[52,129193,100],{"class":66},[52,129195,5485],{"class":84},[52,129197,129198],{"class":1479},"   # -1\n",[43,129200,129202],{"className":45,"code":129201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129203,129204,129216,129220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129205,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129207,207],{"class":58},[52,129209,63],{"class":62},[52,129211,67],{"class":66},[52,129213,266],{"class":70},[52,129215,74],{"class":66},[52,129217,129218],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129219,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129221,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129223,81],{"class":80},[52,129225,85],{"class":84},[52,129227,231],{"class":88},[52,129229,92],{"class":84},[52,129231,35972],{"class":88},[52,129233,85],{"class":84},[52,129235,100],{"class":66},[52,129237,2289],{"class":70},[52,129239,100],{"class":66},[52,129241,5485],{"class":84},[52,129243,129244],{"class":1479},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129246,129247,129248,129252,129253,129255,129256,92],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[289,129249,129250,128979],{"href":124478},[15,129251,59091],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129254,59091],{},", read ",[289,129257,25805,129258],{"href":73602},[15,129259,129260],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[38,129262,41172],{"id":41171},[20,129264,35531,129265,129267],{},[15,129266,1992],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[176,129269,129270,129273,129276,129279],{},[179,129271,129272],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[179,129274,129275],{},"Get the position of a word",[179,129277,129278],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[179,129280,129281],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129283,129284],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[43,129286,129288],{"className":45,"code":129287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129289,129290,129303,129326,129330,129345,129361,129380,129394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129291,129292,129294,129296,129298,129301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129293,207],{"class":58},[52,129295,63],{"class":62},[52,129297,67],{"class":66},[52,129299,129300],{"class":70},"name:Alice",[52,129302,74],{"class":66},[52,129304,129305,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129306,129307],{"class":58},"colon_pos ",[52,129309,63],{"class":62},[52,129311,1705],{"class":58},[52,129313,92],{"class":84},[52,129315,128314],{"class":88},[52,129317,85],{"class":84},[52,129319,100],{"class":66},[52,129321,174],{"class":70},[52,129323,100],{"class":66},[52,129325,329],{"class":84},[52,129327,129328],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129329,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129331,129332,129334,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,129333,733],{"class":761},[52,129335,129336],{"class":58}," colon_pos ",[52,129338,72712],{"class":62},[52,129340,2338],{"class":62},[52,129342,3106],{"class":608},[52,129344,804],{"class":84},[52,129346,129347,129350,129352,129354,129356,129359],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,129348,129349],{"class":58},"    label ",[52,129351,63],{"class":62},[52,129353,1705],{"class":58},[52,129355,75655],{"class":84},[52,129357,129358],{"class":58},"colon_pos",[52,129360,3757],{"class":84},[52,129362,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,129364,27527],{"class":58},[52,129366,63],{"class":62},[52,129368,1705],{"class":58},[52,129370,4021],{"class":84},[52,129372,129307],{"class":58},[52,129374,2175],{"class":62},[52,129376,5621],{"class":608},[52,129378,129379],{"class":84},":]\n",[52,129381,129382,129384,129386,129389,129391],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,129383,784],{"class":80},[52,129385,85],{"class":84},[52,129387,129388],{"class":88},"label",[52,129390,3784],{"class":84},[52,129392,129393],{"class":1479},"  # name\n",[52,129395,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,129397,784],{"class":80},[52,129399,85],{"class":84},[52,129401,2591],{"class":88},[52,129403,3784],{"class":84},[52,129405,129406],{"class":1479},"  # Alice\n",[20,129408,129409,129410,92],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[289,129411,1098],{"href":1097},[38,129413,1445],{"id":1444},[20,129415,129416,129417,174],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129418,1992],{},[176,129420,129421,129430,129436,129441,129447],{},[179,129422,1725,129423,8577,129425,32,129427,129429],{},[15,129424,1992],{},[15,129426,31],{},[15,129428,35],{}," instead of an index",[179,129431,129432,129433,129435],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129434,65975],{}," when the substring is missing",[179,129437,1828,129438,129440],{},[15,129439,1992],{}," without handling case differences",[179,129442,1632,129443,1635,129445],{},[15,129444,1992],{},[15,129446,59091],{},[179,129448,4700,129449,129451],{},[15,129450,1992],{}," changes the string",[20,129453,129454],{},"Example of a mistake:",[43,129456,129458],{"className":45,"code":129457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129459,129460,129472,129476,129496,129511,129517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129461,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129463,207],{"class":58},[52,129465,63],{"class":62},[52,129467,67],{"class":66},[52,129469,266],{"class":70},[52,129471,74],{"class":66},[52,129473,129474],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129475,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129477,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129479,733],{"class":761},[52,129481,1705],{"class":58},[52,129483,92],{"class":84},[52,129485,128314],{"class":88},[52,129487,85],{"class":84},[52,129489,100],{"class":66},[52,129491,60561],{"class":70},[52,129493,100],{"class":66},[52,129495,779],{"class":84},[52,129497,129498,129500,129502,129504,129507,129509],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,129499,784],{"class":80},[52,129501,85],{"class":84},[52,129503,100],{"class":66},[52,129505,129506],{"class":70},"Found",[52,129508,100],{"class":66},[52,129510,329],{"class":84},[52,129512,129513,129515],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,129514,801],{"class":761},[52,129516,804],{"class":84},[52,129518,129519,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,129520,784],{"class":80},[52,129522,85],{"class":84},[52,129524,100],{"class":66},[52,129526,26441],{"class":70},[52,129528,100],{"class":66},[52,129530,329],{"class":84},[20,129532,100030],{},[43,129534,129536],{"className":45,"code":129535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Not found\n",[15,129537,129538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129539,129540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129541,129535],{"class":58},[20,129543,45826,129544,129547,129548,17198,129550,129552,129553,129555],{},[15,129545,129546],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129549,2235],{},[15,129551,2235],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129554,733],{}," statement.",[20,129557,129558],{},"A safer version is:",[43,129560,129562],{"className":45,"code":129561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129563,129564,129576,129580,129609,129623,129629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129565,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129567,207],{"class":58},[52,129569,63],{"class":62},[52,129571,67],{"class":66},[52,129573,266],{"class":70},[52,129575,74],{"class":66},[52,129577,129578],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129579,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129581,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129603,129605,129607],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129583,733],{"class":761},[52,129585,1705],{"class":58},[52,129587,92],{"class":84},[52,129589,128314],{"class":88},[52,129591,85],{"class":84},[52,129593,100],{"class":66},[52,129595,60561],{"class":70},[52,129597,100],{"class":66},[52,129599,3784],{"class":84},[52,129601,129602],{"class":62}," !=",[52,129604,2338],{"class":62},[52,129606,3106],{"class":608},[52,129608,804],{"class":84},[52,129610,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,129612,784],{"class":80},[52,129614,85],{"class":84},[52,129616,100],{"class":66},[52,129618,129506],{"class":70},[52,129620,100],{"class":66},[52,129622,329],{"class":84},[52,129624,129625,129627],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,129626,801],{"class":761},[52,129628,804],{"class":84},[52,129630,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,129632,784],{"class":80},[52,129634,85],{"class":84},[52,129636,100],{"class":66},[52,129638,26441],{"class":70},[52,129640,100],{"class":66},[52,129642,329],{"class":84},[20,129644,129645],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[43,129647,129649],{"className":45,"code":129648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129650,129651,129673,129687,129713,129727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129652,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129654,81],{"class":80},[52,129656,85],{"class":84},[52,129658,231],{"class":88},[52,129660,92],{"class":84},[52,129662,128314],{"class":88},[52,129664,85],{"class":84},[52,129666,1888],{"class":66},[52,129668,38517],{"class":70},[52,129670,1888],{"class":66},[52,129672,108],{"class":84},[52,129674,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129676,81],{"class":80},[52,129678,85],{"class":84},[52,129680,1865],{"class":80},[52,129682,85],{"class":84},[52,129684,231],{"class":88},[52,129686,108],{"class":84},[52,129688,129689,129691,129693,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129690,81],{"class":80},[52,129692,85],{"class":84},[52,129694,231],{"class":88},[52,129696,92],{"class":84},[52,129698,1238],{"class":88},[52,129700,1241],{"class":84},[52,129702,128314],{"class":88},[52,129704,85],{"class":84},[52,129706,1888],{"class":66},[52,129708,38517],{"class":70},[52,129710,1888],{"class":66},[52,129712,108],{"class":84},[52,129714,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,129716,81],{"class":80},[52,129718,85],{"class":84},[52,129720,11284],{"class":80},[52,129722,85],{"class":84},[52,129724,231],{"class":88},[52,129726,108],{"class":84},[52,129728,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,129730,81],{"class":80},[52,129732,85],{"class":84},[52,129734,231],{"class":88},[52,129736,92],{"class":84},[52,129738,128314],{"class":88},[52,129740,85],{"class":84},[52,129742,1888],{"class":66},[52,129744,38517],{"class":70},[52,129746,1888],{"class":66},[52,129748,318],{"class":84},[52,129750,321],{"class":88},[52,129752,318],{"class":84},[52,129754,326],{"class":88},[52,129756,108],{"class":84},[20,129758,129759],{},"These help you check:",[176,129761,129762,129767,129772,129777,129780],{},[179,129763,129764,129765],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129766,1992],{},[179,129768,129769,129770],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129771,122681],{},[179,129773,129774,129775],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129776,1208],{},[179,129778,129779],{},"The string length",[179,129781,129782,129783,342,129785,129787],{},"Whether your ",[15,129784,341],{},[15,129786,345],{}," values are correct",[38,129789,1940],{"id":1939},[412,129791,129793,129794,129796],{"id":129792},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129795,1992],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129798,5272,129799,92],{},[15,129800,65975],{},[412,129802,1944,129804,129806],{"id":129803},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129805,1992],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129808,129809],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[412,129811,129813,129814,1974],{"id":129812},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129815,1992],{},[20,129817,129818],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[412,129820,1987,129822,342,129824,69775],{"id":129821},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129823,1992],{},[15,129825,59091],{},[20,129827,129828,2515,129830,129832,129833,52617,129835,92],{},[15,129829,1992],{},[15,129831,65975],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129834,59091],{},[15,129836,40830],{},[412,129838,28454,129840,129842],{"id":129839},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129841,1992],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129844,129845,129846,342,129848,66273],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129847,341],{},[15,129849,345],{},[38,129851,2005],{"id":2004},[176,129853,129854,129860,129866,129873,129879,129886,129890,129895],{},[179,129855,129856],{},[289,129857,1437,129858,1441],{"href":124478},[15,129859,59091],{},[179,129861,129862],{},[289,129863,1437,129864,1441],{"href":128976},[15,129865,60654],{},[179,129867,129868],{},[289,129869,1437,129871,1441],{"href":129870},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129872,1834],{},[179,129874,129875],{},[289,129876,1437,129877,1441],{"href":1436},[15,129878,1440],{},[179,129880,129881],{},[289,129882,1437,129884,1441],{"href":129883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129885,17],{},[179,129887,129888],{},[289,129889,2024],{"href":1097},[179,129891,129892],{},[289,129893,129894],{"href":128972},"How to split a string in Python",[179,129896,129897],{},[289,129898,26248,129899],{"href":73602},[15,129900,129260],{},[2035,129902,129903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":129905},[129906,129908,129911,129912,129913,129914,129916,129917,129918,129930],{"id":128390,"depth":77,"text":129907},"What find() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":129909},[129910],{"id":17520,"depth":111,"text":17521},{"id":38145,"depth":77,"text":38146},{"id":65527,"depth":77,"text":66309},{"id":1101,"depth":77,"text":1102},{"id":129117,"depth":77,"text":129915},"find() vs index()",{"id":41171,"depth":77,"text":41172},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":129919},[129920,129922,129924,129926,129928],{"id":129792,"depth":111,"text":129921},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129803,"depth":111,"text":129923},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129812,"depth":111,"text":129925},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129821,"depth":111,"text":129927},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129839,"depth":111,"text":129929},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128262,"description":129931},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129938,"title":129939,"body":129940,"description":131866,"extension":2078,"meta":131867,"navigation":221,"path":131868,"seo":131869,"stem":131870,"__hash__":131871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129941,"toc":131834},[129942,129947,129952,129955,129957,130033,130037,130065,130073,130077,130082,130086,130103,130105,130172,130176,130198,130206,130208,130211,130235,130238,130252,130254,130339,130343,130355,130358,130362,130368,130418,130422,130439,130448,130451,130459,130462,130511,130515,130540,130543,130598,130602,130614,130620,130624,130630,130635,130702,130706,130732,130735,130746,130748,130815,130819,130844,130851,130855,130860,130867,130875,130877,130929,130933,130951,130953,130998,131002,131017,131020,131030,131037,131039,131043,131046,131057,131059,131119,131123,131151,131154,131160,131165,131168,131172,131216,131219,131257,131260,131268,131270,131275,131279,131282,131330,131333,131336,131392,131396,131401,131404,131453,131455,131504,131510,131515,131517,131564,131568,131581,131583,131634,131640,131643,131647,131650,131656,131661,131663,131666,131738,131741,131758,131760,131765,131768,131772,131778,131784,131791,131797,131803,131805,131831],[10,129943,13,129945,18],{"id":129944},"python-string-format-method",[15,129946,126454],{},[20,129948,22,129949,129951],{},[15,129950,126454],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129953,129954],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[38,129956,41],{"id":40},[43,129958,129960],{"className":45,"code":129959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129961,129962,129974,129982,129986,130023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129963,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129965,441],{"class":58},[52,129967,63],{"class":62},[52,129969,67],{"class":66},[52,129971,11631],{"class":70},[52,129973,74],{"class":66},[52,129975,129976,129978,129980],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,129977,21754],{"class":58},[52,129979,63],{"class":62},[52,129981,88916],{"class":608},[52,129983,129984],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,129985,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,129987,129988,129990,129992,129994,129997,129999,130002,130004,130006,130008,130010,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,129989,978],{"class":58},[52,129991,63],{"class":62},[52,129993,67],{"class":66},[52,129995,129996],{"class":70},"My name is ",[52,129998,3915],{"class":608},[52,130000,130001],{"class":70}," and I am ",[52,130003,3915],{"class":608},[52,130005,122464],{"class":70},[52,130007,100],{"class":66},[52,130009,92],{"class":84},[52,130011,130012],{"class":88},"format",[52,130014,85],{"class":84},[52,130016,459],{"class":88},[52,130018,318],{"class":84},[52,130020,9309],{"class":88},[52,130022,329],{"class":84},[52,130024,130025,130027,130029,130031],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,130026,81],{"class":80},[52,130028,85],{"class":84},[52,130030,996],{"class":88},[52,130032,329],{"class":84},[20,130034,130035],{},[3865,130036,135],{},[43,130038,130040],{"className":45,"code":130039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130041,130042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130043,130044,130047,130049,130052,130055,130058,130061,130063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130045,130046],{"class":58},"My name ",[52,130048,835],{"class":62},[52,130050,130051],{"class":58}," Maya ",[52,130053,130054],{"class":62},"and",[52,130056,130057],{"class":58}," I am ",[52,130059,130060],{"class":608},"12",[52,130062,122497],{"class":58},[52,130064,849],{"class":84},[20,130066,154,130067,130069,130070,130072],{},[15,130068,3915],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130071,126454],{}," in the same order.",[20,130074,125205,130075,92],{},[289,130076,292],{"href":291},[38,130078,13119,130080,13122],{"id":130079},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130081,126454],{},[20,130083,2095,130084,11535],{},[15,130085,126454],{},[176,130087,130088,130091,130097,130100],{},[179,130089,130090],{},"inserts values into a string",[179,130092,130093,130094,130096],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130095,3915],{}," with given values",[179,130098,130099],{},"returns a new string",[179,130101,130102],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130104,197],{},[43,130106,130108],{"className":45,"code":130107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130109,130110,130124,130147,130151,130162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130111,130112,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130113,207],{"class":58},[52,130115,63],{"class":62},[52,130117,67],{"class":66},[52,130119,45024],{"class":70},[52,130121,3915],{"class":608},[52,130123,74],{"class":66},[52,130125,130126,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139,130141,130143,130145],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130127,130128],{"class":58},"new_text ",[52,130130,63],{"class":62},[52,130132,1705],{"class":58},[52,130134,92],{"class":84},[52,130136,130012],{"class":88},[52,130138,85],{"class":84},[52,130140,100],{"class":66},[52,130142,7800],{"class":70},[52,130144,100],{"class":66},[52,130146,329],{"class":84},[52,130148,130149],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,130150,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,130152,130153,130155,130157,130160],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,130154,81],{"class":80},[52,130156,85],{"class":84},[52,130158,130159],{"class":88},"new_text",[52,130161,329],{"class":84},[52,130163,130164,130166,130168,130170],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,130165,81],{"class":80},[52,130167,85],{"class":84},[52,130169,231],{"class":88},[52,130171,329],{"class":84},[20,130173,130174],{},[3865,130175,135],{},[43,130177,130179],{"className":45,"code":130178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130180,130181,130190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130182,130183,130185,130187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130184,34992],{"class":58},[52,130186,318],{"class":84},[52,130188,130189],{"class":58}," Sam\n",[52,130191,130192,130194,130196],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130193,34992],{"class":58},[52,130195,318],{"class":84},[52,130197,9959],{"class":84},[20,130199,2403,130200,130202,130203,130205],{},[15,130201,231],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130204,126454],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[38,130207,296],{"id":295},[20,130209,130210],{},"The general form is:",[43,130212,130214],{"className":45,"code":130213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130215,130216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130217,130218,130220,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130219,100],{"class":43453},[52,130221,130222],{"class":43457},"text {}",[52,130224,100],{"class":43453},[52,130226,92],{"class":84},[52,130228,130012],{"class":88},[52,130230,85],{"class":84},[52,130232,2591],{"class":88},[52,130234,329],{"class":84},[20,130236,130237],{},"Key idea:",[176,130239,130240,130246,130249],{},[179,130241,130242,130243,130245],{},"each ",[15,130244,3915],{}," is a placeholder",[179,130247,130248],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[179,130250,130251],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130253,197],{},[43,130255,130257],{"className":45,"code":130256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130258,130259,130272,130286,130290,130328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130260,130261,130264,130266,130268,130270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130262,130263],{"class":58},"animal ",[52,130265,63],{"class":62},[52,130267,67],{"class":66},[52,130269,37173],{"class":70},[52,130271,74],{"class":66},[52,130273,130274,130277,130279,130281,130284],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130275,130276],{"class":58},"sound ",[52,130278,63],{"class":62},[52,130280,67],{"class":66},[52,130282,130283],{"class":70},"meow",[52,130285,74],{"class":66},[52,130287,130288],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,130289,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,130291,130292,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130321,130323,130326],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,130293,130294],{"class":58},"sentence ",[52,130296,63],{"class":62},[52,130298,67],{"class":66},[52,130300,2095],{"class":70},[52,130302,3915],{"class":608},[52,130304,130305],{"class":70}," says ",[52,130307,3915],{"class":608},[52,130309,92],{"class":70},[52,130311,100],{"class":66},[52,130313,92],{"class":84},[52,130315,130012],{"class":88},[52,130317,85],{"class":84},[52,130319,130320],{"class":88},"animal",[52,130322,318],{"class":84},[52,130324,130325],{"class":88}," sound",[52,130327,329],{"class":84},[52,130329,130330,130332,130334,130337],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,130331,81],{"class":80},[52,130333,85],{"class":84},[52,130335,130336],{"class":88},"sentence",[52,130338,329],{"class":84},[20,130340,130341],{},[3865,130342,135],{},[43,130344,130346],{"className":45,"code":130345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130347,130348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130349,130350,130353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130351,130352],{"class":58},"The cat says meow",[52,130354,849],{"class":84},[20,130356,130357],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[38,130359,130361],{"id":130360},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130363,130364,130365,130367],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130366,3915],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[43,130369,130371],{"className":45,"code":130370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130372,130373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130374,130375,130377,130379,130381,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402,130405,130407,130409,130411,130414,130416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130376,81],{"class":80},[52,130378,85],{"class":84},[52,130380,100],{"class":66},[52,130382,130383],{"class":70},"I like ",[52,130385,3915],{"class":608},[52,130387,342],{"class":70},[52,130389,3915],{"class":608},[52,130391,92],{"class":70},[52,130393,100],{"class":66},[52,130395,92],{"class":84},[52,130397,130012],{"class":88},[52,130399,85],{"class":84},[52,130401,100],{"class":66},[52,130403,130404],{"class":70},"pizza",[52,130406,100],{"class":66},[52,130408,318],{"class":84},[52,130410,67],{"class":66},[52,130412,130413],{"class":70},"pasta",[52,130415,100],{"class":66},[52,130417,108],{"class":84},[20,130419,130420],{},[3865,130421,135],{},[43,130423,130425],{"className":45,"code":130424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130426,130427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130428,130429,130432,130434,130437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130430,130431],{"class":58},"I like pizza ",[52,130433,130054],{"class":62},[52,130435,130436],{"class":58}," pasta",[52,130438,849],{"class":84},[20,130440,130441,130442,342,130445,92],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130443,130444],{},"{0}",[15,130446,130447],{},"{1}",[20,130449,130450],{},"This is helpful when:",[176,130452,130453,130456],{},[179,130454,130455],{},"you want to reuse a value",[179,130457,130458],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130460,130461],{},"Example with reused values:",[43,130463,130465],{"className":45,"code":130464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130466,130467,130501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130468,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130480,130482,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130470,207],{"class":58},[52,130472,63],{"class":62},[52,130474,67],{"class":66},[52,130476,130444],{"class":608},[52,130478,130479],{"class":70}," is learning Python. ",[52,130481,130444],{"class":608},[52,130483,130484],{"class":70}," likes coding.",[52,130486,100],{"class":66},[52,130488,92],{"class":84},[52,130490,130012],{"class":88},[52,130492,85],{"class":84},[52,130494,100],{"class":66},[52,130496,20008],{"class":70},[52,130498,100],{"class":66},[52,130500,329],{"class":84},[52,130502,130503,130505,130507,130509],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130504,81],{"class":80},[52,130506,85],{"class":84},[52,130508,231],{"class":88},[52,130510,329],{"class":84},[20,130512,130513],{},[3865,130514,135],{},[43,130516,130518],{"className":45,"code":130517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130519,130520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130521,130522,130525,130527,130530,130532,130535,130538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130523,130524],{"class":58},"Lina ",[52,130526,835],{"class":62},[52,130528,130529],{"class":58}," learning Python",[52,130531,92],{"class":84},[52,130533,130534],{"class":1803}," Lina",[52,130536,130537],{"class":58}," likes coding",[52,130539,849],{"class":84},[20,130541,130542],{},"Example with changed order:",[43,130544,130546],{"className":45,"code":130545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130547,130548,130588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130549,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584,130586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130551,207],{"class":58},[52,130553,63],{"class":62},[52,130555,67],{"class":66},[52,130557,130447],{"class":608},[52,130559,83446],{"class":70},[52,130561,130444],{"class":608},[52,130563,92],{"class":70},[52,130565,100],{"class":66},[52,130567,92],{"class":84},[52,130569,130012],{"class":88},[52,130571,85],{"class":84},[52,130573,100],{"class":66},[52,130575,6709],{"class":70},[52,130577,100],{"class":66},[52,130579,318],{"class":84},[52,130581,67],{"class":66},[52,130583,79391],{"class":70},[52,130585,100],{"class":66},[52,130587,329],{"class":84},[52,130589,130590,130592,130594,130596],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130591,81],{"class":80},[52,130593,85],{"class":84},[52,130595,231],{"class":88},[52,130597,329],{"class":84},[20,130599,130600],{},[3865,130601,135],{},[43,130603,130605],{"className":45,"code":130604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130606,130607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130608,130609,130612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130610,130611],{"class":58},"two comes after one",[52,130613,849],{"class":84},[20,130615,130616,130617,130619],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130618,3915],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[38,130621,130623],{"id":130622},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130625,130626,130627,92],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130628,130629],{},"{name}",[20,130631,130632,130633,174],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130634,126454],{},[43,130636,130638],{"className":45,"code":130637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130639,130640,130692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130641,130642,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130655,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130643,207],{"class":58},[52,130645,63],{"class":62},[52,130647,67],{"class":66},[52,130649,129996],{"class":70},[52,130651,130629],{"class":608},[52,130653,130654],{"class":70}," and I live in ",[52,130656,130657],{"class":608},"{city}",[52,130659,92],{"class":70},[52,130661,100],{"class":66},[52,130663,92],{"class":84},[52,130665,130012],{"class":88},[52,130667,85],{"class":84},[52,130669,459],{"class":9296},[52,130671,63],{"class":62},[52,130673,100],{"class":66},[52,130675,13003],{"class":70},[52,130677,100],{"class":66},[52,130679,318],{"class":84},[52,130681,31510],{"class":9296},[52,130683,63],{"class":62},[52,130685,100],{"class":66},[52,130687,16156],{"class":70},[52,130689,100],{"class":66},[52,130691,329],{"class":84},[52,130693,130694,130696,130698,130700],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130695,81],{"class":80},[52,130697,85],{"class":84},[52,130699,231],{"class":88},[52,130701,329],{"class":84},[20,130703,130704],{},[3865,130705,135],{},[43,130707,130709],{"className":45,"code":130708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130710,130711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130712,130713,130715,130717,130720,130722,130725,130727,130730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130714,130046],{"class":58},[52,130716,835],{"class":62},[52,130718,130719],{"class":58}," Ana ",[52,130721,130054],{"class":62},[52,130723,130724],{"class":58}," I live ",[52,130726,1638],{"class":62},[52,130728,130729],{"class":58}," Lima",[52,130731,849],{"class":84},[20,130733,130734],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[176,130736,130737,130740,130743],{},[179,130738,130739],{},"they make code easier to read",[179,130741,130742],{},"they help when a string has many values",[179,130744,130745],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130747,197],{},[43,130749,130751],{"className":45,"code":130750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130752,130753,130805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130754,130755,130758,130760,130762,130765,130768,130771,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130788,130791,130793,130795,130798,130800,130803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130756,130757],{"class":58},"report ",[52,130759,63],{"class":62},[52,130761,67],{"class":66},[52,130763,130764],{"class":70},"Student: ",[52,130766,130767],{"class":608},"{student}",[52,130769,130770],{"class":70},", Score: ",[52,130772,130773],{"class":608},"{score}",[52,130775,100],{"class":66},[52,130777,92],{"class":84},[52,130779,130012],{"class":88},[52,130781,85],{"class":84},[52,130783,13750],{"class":9296},[52,130785,63],{"class":62},[52,130787,100],{"class":66},[52,130789,130790],{"class":70},"Noah",[52,130792,100],{"class":66},[52,130794,318],{"class":84},[52,130796,130797],{"class":9296}," score",[52,130799,63],{"class":62},[52,130801,130802],{"class":608},"95",[52,130804,329],{"class":84},[52,130806,130807,130809,130811,130813],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130808,81],{"class":80},[52,130810,85],{"class":84},[52,130812,1798],{"class":88},[52,130814,329],{"class":84},[20,130816,130817],{},[3865,130818,135],{},[43,130820,130822],{"className":45,"code":130821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130823,130824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130825,130826,130829,130831,130834,130836,130839,130841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130827,130828],{"class":58},"Student",[52,130830,174],{"class":84},[52,130832,130833],{"class":58}," Noah",[52,130835,318],{"class":84},[52,130837,130838],{"class":58}," Score",[52,130840,174],{"class":84},[52,130842,130843],{"class":608}," 95\n",[20,130845,130846,130847,92],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[289,130848,3696,130849,3629],{"href":42300},[15,130850,47807],{},[38,130852,130854],{"id":130853},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130856,130857,130859],{},[15,130858,126454],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130861,130862,130863,130866],{},"A common example is ",[15,130864,130865],{},":.2f",", which means:",[176,130868,130869,130872],{},[179,130870,130871],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[179,130873,130874],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130876,197],{},[43,130878,130880],{"className":45,"code":130879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130881,130882,130890,130919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130883,130884,130886,130888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130885,40513],{"class":58},[52,130887,63],{"class":62},[52,130889,49400],{"class":608},[52,130891,130892,130894,130896,130898,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130893,207],{"class":58},[52,130895,63],{"class":62},[52,130897,67],{"class":66},[52,130899,130900],{"class":70},"Price: $",[52,130902,9398],{"class":608},[52,130904,130865],{"class":2180},[52,130906,22429],{"class":608},[52,130908,100],{"class":66},[52,130910,92],{"class":84},[52,130912,130012],{"class":88},[52,130914,85],{"class":84},[52,130916,25276],{"class":88},[52,130918,329],{"class":84},[52,130920,130921,130923,130925,130927],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,130922,81],{"class":80},[52,130924,85],{"class":84},[52,130926,231],{"class":88},[52,130928,329],{"class":84},[20,130930,130931],{},[3865,130932,135],{},[43,130934,130936],{"className":45,"code":130935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130937,130938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130939,130940,130943,130945,130948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130941,130942],{"class":58},"Price",[52,130944,174],{"class":84},[52,130946,130947],{"class":37492}," $",[52,130949,130950],{"class":608},"3.50\n",[20,130952,1342],{},[43,130954,130956],{"className":45,"code":130955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130957,130958,130968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130959,130960,130963,130965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130961,130962],{"class":58},"average ",[52,130964,63],{"class":62},[52,130966,130967],{"class":608}," 91.236\n",[52,130969,130970,130972,130974,130976,130979,130981,130983,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130996],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,130971,81],{"class":80},[52,130973,85],{"class":84},[52,130975,100],{"class":66},[52,130977,130978],{"class":70},"Average: ",[52,130980,9398],{"class":608},[52,130982,130865],{"class":2180},[52,130984,22429],{"class":608},[52,130986,100],{"class":66},[52,130988,92],{"class":84},[52,130990,130012],{"class":88},[52,130992,85],{"class":84},[52,130994,130995],{"class":88},"average",[52,130997,108],{"class":84},[20,130999,131000],{},[3865,131001,135],{},[43,131003,131005],{"className":45,"code":131004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131006,131007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131008,131009,131012,131014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131010,131011],{"class":58},"Average",[52,131013,174],{"class":84},[52,131015,131016],{"class":608}," 91.24\n",[20,131018,131019],{},"This is useful for:",[176,131021,131022,131024,131027],{},[179,131023,83204],{},[179,131025,131026],{},"averages",[179,131028,131029],{},"percentages",[20,131031,131032,131033,92],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[289,131034,3696,131035,2420],{"href":46572},[15,131036,46575],{},[38,131038,710],{"id":709},[20,131040,131041,92635],{},[15,131042,126454],{},[20,131044,131045],{},"That means you can:",[176,131047,131048,131051,131054],{},[179,131049,131050],{},"save it in a variable",[179,131052,131053],{},"print it directly",[179,131055,131056],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131058,197],{},[43,131060,131062],{"className":45,"code":131061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131063,131064,131095,131105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131065,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131091,131093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131067,978],{"class":58},[52,131069,63],{"class":62},[52,131071,67],{"class":66},[52,131073,45024],{"class":70},[52,131075,3915],{"class":608},[52,131077,1007],{"class":70},[52,131079,100],{"class":66},[52,131081,92],{"class":84},[52,131083,130012],{"class":88},[52,131085,85],{"class":84},[52,131087,100],{"class":66},[52,131089,131090],{"class":70},"Chris",[52,131092,100],{"class":66},[52,131094,329],{"class":84},[52,131096,131097,131099,131101,131103],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131098,81],{"class":80},[52,131100,85],{"class":84},[52,131102,996],{"class":88},[52,131104,329],{"class":84},[52,131106,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,131108,81],{"class":80},[52,131110,85],{"class":84},[52,131112,1930],{"class":1929},[52,131114,85],{"class":84},[52,131116,996],{"class":88},[52,131118,108],{"class":84},[20,131120,131121],{},[3865,131122,135],{},[43,131124,131126],{"className":45,"code":131125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131127,131128,131137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131129,131130,131132,131134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131131,34992],{"class":58},[52,131133,318],{"class":84},[52,131135,131136],{"class":58}," Chris!\n",[52,131138,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131140,3410],{"class":62},[52,131142,3413],{"class":2180},[52,131144,3416],{"class":66},[52,131146,3563],{"class":70},[52,131148,1888],{"class":66},[52,131150,3423],{"class":62},[20,131152,131153],{},"The original string is not changed.",[38,131155,131157,131159],{"id":131156},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131158,126454],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131161,131162,131164],{},[15,131163,126454],{}," is a string method.",[20,131166,131167],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131169,46163,131170,174],{},[15,131171,126454],{},[43,131173,131175],{"className":45,"code":131174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131176,131177,131190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131178,131179,131181,131183,131185,131188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131180,441],{"class":58},[52,131182,63],{"class":62},[52,131184,67],{"class":66},[52,131186,131187],{"class":70},"Rita",[52,131189,74],{"class":66},[52,131191,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131193,81],{"class":80},[52,131195,85],{"class":84},[52,131197,100],{"class":66},[52,131199,45024],{"class":70},[52,131201,3915],{"class":608},[52,131203,1007],{"class":70},[52,131205,100],{"class":66},[52,131207,92],{"class":84},[52,131209,130012],{"class":88},[52,131211,85],{"class":84},[52,131213,459],{"class":88},[52,131215,108],{"class":84},[20,131217,131218],{},"Example with an f-string:",[43,131220,131222],{"className":45,"code":131221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131223,131224,131236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131225,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131227,441],{"class":58},[52,131229,63],{"class":62},[52,131231,67],{"class":66},[52,131233,131187],{"class":70},[52,131235,74],{"class":66},[52,131237,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131255],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131239,81],{"class":80},[52,131241,85],{"class":84},[52,131243,22420],{"class":2180},[52,131245,43471],{"class":70},[52,131247,9398],{"class":608},[52,131249,459],{"class":88},[52,131251,22429],{"class":608},[52,131253,131254],{"class":70},"!\"",[52,131256,329],{"class":84},[20,131258,131259],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131261,131262,131263,131265,131266,92],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131264,126454],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[289,131267,89810],{"href":89809},[38,131269,1445],{"id":1444},[20,131271,131272,131273,92],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131274,126454],{},[412,131276,131278],{"id":131277},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131280,131281],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[43,131283,131285],{"className":45,"code":131284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131286,131287,131320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131288,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131290,207],{"class":58},[52,131292,63],{"class":62},[52,131294,67],{"class":66},[52,131296,45024],{"class":70},[52,131298,3915],{"class":608},[52,131300,131301],{"class":608}," {}",[52,131303,1007],{"class":70},[52,131305,100],{"class":66},[52,131307,92],{"class":84},[52,131309,130012],{"class":88},[52,131311,85],{"class":84},[52,131313,100],{"class":66},[52,131315,7800],{"class":70},[52,131317,100],{"class":66},[52,131319,329],{"class":84},[52,131321,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131323,81],{"class":80},[52,131325,85],{"class":84},[52,131327,231],{"class":88},[52,131329,329],{"class":84},[20,131331,131332],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131334,131335],{},"Fixed version:",[43,131337,131339],{"className":45,"code":131338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131340,131341,131382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131342,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131378,131380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131344,207],{"class":58},[52,131346,63],{"class":62},[52,131348,67],{"class":66},[52,131350,45024],{"class":70},[52,131352,3915],{"class":608},[52,131354,131301],{"class":608},[52,131356,1007],{"class":70},[52,131358,100],{"class":66},[52,131360,92],{"class":84},[52,131362,130012],{"class":88},[52,131364,85],{"class":84},[52,131366,100],{"class":66},[52,131368,7800],{"class":70},[52,131370,100],{"class":66},[52,131372,318],{"class":84},[52,131374,67],{"class":66},[52,131376,131377],{"class":70},"Lee",[52,131379,100],{"class":66},[52,131381,329],{"class":84},[52,131383,131384,131386,131388,131390],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131385,81],{"class":80},[52,131387,85],{"class":84},[52,131389,231],{"class":88},[52,131391,329],{"class":84},[412,131393,131395],{"id":131394},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131397,131398,131399,92],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131400,126454],{},[20,131402,131403],{},"Problem:",[43,131405,131407],{"className":45,"code":131406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131408,131409,131443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131410,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131412,207],{"class":58},[52,131414,63],{"class":62},[52,131416,67],{"class":66},[52,131418,45024],{"class":70},[52,131420,130629],{"class":608},[52,131422,1007],{"class":70},[52,131424,100],{"class":66},[52,131426,92],{"class":84},[52,131428,130012],{"class":88},[52,131430,85],{"class":84},[52,131432,8109],{"class":9296},[52,131434,63],{"class":62},[52,131436,100],{"class":66},[52,131438,7800],{"class":70},[52,131440,100],{"class":66},[52,131442,329],{"class":84},[52,131444,131445,131447,131449,131451],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131446,81],{"class":80},[52,131448,85],{"class":84},[52,131450,231],{"class":88},[52,131452,329],{"class":84},[20,131454,131335],{},[43,131456,131458],{"className":45,"code":131457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131459,131460,131494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131461,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131463,207],{"class":58},[52,131465,63],{"class":62},[52,131467,67],{"class":66},[52,131469,45024],{"class":70},[52,131471,130629],{"class":608},[52,131473,1007],{"class":70},[52,131475,100],{"class":66},[52,131477,92],{"class":84},[52,131479,130012],{"class":88},[52,131481,85],{"class":84},[52,131483,459],{"class":9296},[52,131485,63],{"class":62},[52,131487,100],{"class":66},[52,131489,7800],{"class":70},[52,131491,100],{"class":66},[52,131493,329],{"class":84},[52,131495,131496,131498,131500,131502],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131497,81],{"class":80},[52,131499,85],{"class":84},[52,131501,231],{"class":88},[52,131503,329],{"class":84},[412,131505,1725,131507,131509],{"id":131506},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131508,126454],{}," to change the original string",[20,131511,131512,131514],{},[15,131513,126454],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131516,131403],{},[43,131518,131520],{"className":45,"code":131519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131521,131522,131536,131554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131523,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131525,207],{"class":58},[52,131527,63],{"class":62},[52,131529,67],{"class":66},[52,131531,45024],{"class":70},[52,131533,3915],{"class":608},[52,131535,74],{"class":66},[52,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131539,231],{"class":58},[52,131541,92],{"class":84},[52,131543,130012],{"class":88},[52,131545,85],{"class":84},[52,131547,100],{"class":66},[52,131549,7800],{"class":70},[52,131551,100],{"class":66},[52,131553,329],{"class":84},[52,131555,131556,131558,131560,131562],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,131557,81],{"class":80},[52,131559,85],{"class":84},[52,131561,231],{"class":88},[52,131563,329],{"class":84},[20,131565,131566],{},[3865,131567,135],{},[43,131569,131571],{"className":45,"code":131570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131572,131573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131574,131575,131577,131579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131576,34992],{"class":58},[52,131578,318],{"class":84},[52,131580,9959],{"class":84},[20,131582,131335],{},[43,131584,131586],{"className":45,"code":131585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131587,131588,131602,131624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131589,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131591,207],{"class":58},[52,131593,63],{"class":62},[52,131595,67],{"class":66},[52,131597,45024],{"class":70},[52,131599,3915],{"class":608},[52,131601,74],{"class":66},[52,131603,131604,131606,131608,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131605,207],{"class":58},[52,131607,63],{"class":62},[52,131609,1705],{"class":58},[52,131611,92],{"class":84},[52,131613,130012],{"class":88},[52,131615,85],{"class":84},[52,131617,100],{"class":66},[52,131619,7800],{"class":70},[52,131621,100],{"class":66},[52,131623,329],{"class":84},[52,131625,131626,131628,131630,131632],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,131627,81],{"class":80},[52,131629,85],{"class":84},[52,131631,231],{"class":88},[52,131633,329],{"class":84},[412,131635,4826,131637,131639],{"id":131636},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131638,126454],{}," returns a new string",[20,131641,131642],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[412,131644,131646],{"id":131645},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131648,131649],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131651,131652,131653,131655],{},"Use simple ",[15,131654,3915],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131657,131658,131659,92],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[289,131660,90520],{"href":90519},[38,131662,68015],{"id":68014},[20,131664,131665],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[43,131667,131669],{"className":45,"code":131668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131670,131671,131681,131695,131724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131674,81],{"class":80},[52,131676,85],{"class":84},[52,131678,231],{"class":88},[52,131680,329],{"class":84},[52,131682,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131684,81],{"class":80},[52,131686,85],{"class":84},[52,131688,1930],{"class":1929},[52,131690,85],{"class":84},[52,131692,2591],{"class":88},[52,131694,108],{"class":84},[52,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,131698,81],{"class":80},[52,131700,85],{"class":84},[52,131702,100],{"class":66},[52,131704,131705],{"class":70},"Hello ",[52,131707,3915],{"class":608},[52,131709,100],{"class":66},[52,131711,92],{"class":84},[52,131713,130012],{"class":88},[52,131715,85],{"class":84},[52,131717,100],{"class":66},[52,131719,7800],{"class":70},[52,131721,100],{"class":66},[52,131723,108],{"class":84},[52,131725,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,131727,32278],{"class":80},[52,131729,85],{"class":84},[52,131731,3563],{"class":1929},[52,131733,92],{"class":84},[52,131735,130012],{"class":1803},[52,131737,329],{"class":84},[20,131739,131740],{},"Use them to check:",[176,131742,131743,131746,131749,131752],{},[179,131744,131745],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[179,131747,131748],{},"what type your value has",[179,131750,131751],{},"whether a small test example works",[179,131753,131754,131755],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131756,131757],{},"str.format",[38,131759,1940],{"id":1939},[412,131761,129793,131763,12838],{"id":131762},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131764,126454],{},[20,131766,131767],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[412,131769,131771],{"id":131770},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131773,131774,131775,131777],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131776,3915],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[412,131779,131781,131782,1993],{"id":131780},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131783,126454],{},[20,131785,131786,131787,131790],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131788,131789],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[412,131792,1971,131794,131796],{"id":131793},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131795,126454],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131798,131799,131800,131802],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131801,126454],{}," is still useful and common.",[38,131804,2005],{"id":2004},[176,131806,131807,131811,131815,131821,131827],{},[179,131808,131809],{},[289,131810,292],{"href":291},[179,131812,131813],{},[289,131814,90797],{"href":89809},[179,131816,131817],{},[289,131818,3696,131819,3629],{"href":46572},[15,131820,46575],{},[179,131822,131823],{},[289,131824,3696,131825,3629],{"href":42300},[15,131826,47807],{},[179,131828,131829],{},[289,131830,90520],{"href":90519},[2035,131832,131833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":131835},[131836,131837,131839,131840,131841,131842,131843,131844,131846,131855,131856,131865],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":130079,"depth":77,"text":131838},"What the format() method does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":130360,"depth":77,"text":130361},{"id":130622,"depth":77,"text":130623},{"id":130853,"depth":77,"text":130854},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":131156,"depth":77,"text":131845},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":131847},[131848,131849,131850,131852,131854],{"id":131277,"depth":111,"text":131278},{"id":131394,"depth":111,"text":131395},{"id":131506,"depth":111,"text":131851},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131636,"depth":111,"text":131853},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131645,"depth":111,"text":131646},{"id":68014,"depth":77,"text":68015},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":131857},[131858,131860,131861,131863],{"id":131762,"depth":111,"text":131859},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131770,"depth":111,"text":131771},{"id":131780,"depth":111,"text":131862},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131793,"depth":111,"text":131864},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129939,"description":131866},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131873,"title":131874,"body":131875,"description":133355,"extension":2078,"meta":133356,"navigation":221,"path":133357,"seo":133358,"stem":133359,"__hash__":133360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131876,"toc":133327},[131877,131882,131887,131892,131894,131956,131963,131969,131974,131976,131992,131994,132065,132067,132081,132084,132134,132136,132138,132165,132168,132183,132186,132227,132230,132275,132282,132331,132333,132341,132343,132361,132363,132456,132464,132505,132510,132517,132523,132530,132533,132537,132638,132640,132662,132666,132719,132722,132725,132731,132738,132740,132779,132781,132799,132809,132816,132899,132902,132909,132916,132923,132927,132935,132981,132985,132994,133059,133064,133069,133080,133082,133087,133114,133116,133219,133222,133242,133244,133249,133252,133256,133260,133267,133276,133282,133285,133291,133293,133295,133324],[10,131878,13,131880,18],{"id":131879},"python-string-index-method",[15,131881,59091],{},[20,131883,22,131884,131886],{},[15,131885,59091],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131888,131889,131890,92],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131891,40830],{},[38,131893,41],{"id":40},[43,131895,131897],{"className":45,"code":131896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131898,131899,131911,131933,131943,131947,131951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131902,207],{"class":58},[52,131904,63],{"class":62},[52,131906,67],{"class":66},[52,131908,214],{"class":70},[52,131910,74],{"class":66},[52,131912,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,131914,65041],{"class":58},[52,131916,63],{"class":62},[52,131918,1705],{"class":58},[52,131920,92],{"class":84},[52,131922,35972],{"class":88},[52,131924,85],{"class":84},[52,131926,100],{"class":66},[52,131928,242],{"class":70},[52,131930,100],{"class":66},[52,131932,329],{"class":84},[52,131934,131935,131937,131939,131941],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,131936,81],{"class":80},[52,131938,85],{"class":84},[52,131940,65068],{"class":88},[52,131942,329],{"class":84},[52,131944,131945],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,131946,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,131948,131949],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,131950,90938],{"class":1479},[52,131952,131953],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,131954,131955],{"class":1479},"# 6\n",[20,131957,154,131958,131960,131961,92],{},[15,131959,59091],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131962,40830],{},[38,131964,166,131966,169],{"id":131965},"what-strindex-does",[15,131967,131968],{},"str.index()",[20,131970,131971,131973],{},[15,131972,131968],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131975,13175],{},[176,131977,131978,131981,131984,131987],{},[179,131979,131980],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[179,131982,131983],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[179,131985,131986],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[179,131988,30419,131989,131991],{},[15,131990,40830],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131993,197],{},[43,131995,131997],{"className":45,"code":131996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131998,131999,132011,132015,132040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132000,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132002,207],{"class":58},[52,132004,63],{"class":62},[52,132006,67],{"class":66},[52,132008,4208],{"class":70},[52,132010,74],{"class":66},[52,132012,132013],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132014,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,132016,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132018,81],{"class":80},[52,132020,85],{"class":84},[52,132022,231],{"class":88},[52,132024,92],{"class":84},[52,132026,35972],{"class":88},[52,132028,85],{"class":84},[52,132030,100],{"class":66},[52,132032,289],{"class":70},[52,132034,100],{"class":66},[52,132036,5485],{"class":84},[52,132038,132039],{"class":1479},"     # 1\n",[52,132041,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,132043,81],{"class":80},[52,132045,85],{"class":84},[52,132047,231],{"class":88},[52,132049,92],{"class":84},[52,132051,35972],{"class":88},[52,132053,85],{"class":84},[52,132055,100],{"class":66},[52,132057,123558],{"class":70},[52,132059,100],{"class":66},[52,132061,5485],{"class":84},[52,132063,132064],{"class":1479},"    # 2\n",[20,132066,2294],{},[176,132068,132069,132075],{},[179,132070,132071,128502,132073],{},[15,132072,18221],{},[15,132074,3106],{},[179,132076,132077,128502,132079],{},[15,132078,128501],{},[15,132080,2172],{},[20,132082,132083],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[43,132085,132087],{"className":45,"code":132086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132088,132089,132101,132105,132129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132090,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132092,207],{"class":58},[52,132094,63],{"class":62},[52,132096,67],{"class":66},[52,132098,34992],{"class":70},[52,132100,74],{"class":66},[52,132102,132103],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132104,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,132106,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132108,81],{"class":80},[52,132110,85],{"class":84},[52,132112,231],{"class":88},[52,132114,92],{"class":84},[52,132116,35972],{"class":88},[52,132118,85],{"class":84},[52,132120,100],{"class":66},[52,132122,51314],{"class":70},[52,132124,100],{"class":66},[52,132126,5485],{"class":84},[52,132128,20894],{"class":1479},[52,132130,132131],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,132132,132133],{"class":1479},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[38,132135,296],{"id":295},[20,132137,2275],{},[43,132139,132141],{"className":45,"code":132140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132142,132143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132144,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132146,306],{"class":58},[52,132148,92],{"class":84},[52,132150,35972],{"class":88},[52,132152,85],{"class":84},[52,132154,2591],{"class":88},[52,132156,318],{"class":84},[52,132158,321],{"class":88},[52,132160,318],{"class":84},[52,132162,326],{"class":88},[52,132164,329],{"class":84},[20,132166,132167],{},"Parameters:",[176,132169,132170,132174,132178],{},[179,132171,132172,123657],{},[15,132173,2591],{},[179,132175,132176,128548],{},[15,132177,341],{},[179,132179,132180,132182],{},[15,132181,345],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132184,132185],{},"You can use just the value:",[43,132187,132189],{"className":45,"code":132188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132190,132191,132203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132192,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132194,207],{"class":58},[52,132196,63],{"class":62},[52,132198,67],{"class":66},[52,132200,47],{"class":70},[52,132202,74],{"class":66},[52,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132206,81],{"class":80},[52,132208,85],{"class":84},[52,132210,231],{"class":88},[52,132212,92],{"class":84},[52,132214,35972],{"class":88},[52,132216,85],{"class":84},[52,132218,100],{"class":66},[52,132220,63408],{"class":70},[52,132222,100],{"class":66},[52,132224,5485],{"class":84},[52,132226,51538],{"class":1479},[20,132228,132229],{},"Or include a start position:",[43,132231,132233],{"className":45,"code":132232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132234,132235,132247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132236,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132238,207],{"class":58},[52,132240,63],{"class":62},[52,132242,67],{"class":66},[52,132244,4208],{"class":70},[52,132246,74],{"class":66},[52,132248,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132250,81],{"class":80},[52,132252,85],{"class":84},[52,132254,231],{"class":88},[52,132256,92],{"class":84},[52,132258,35972],{"class":88},[52,132260,85],{"class":84},[52,132262,100],{"class":66},[52,132264,289],{"class":70},[52,132266,100],{"class":66},[52,132268,318],{"class":84},[52,132270,3111],{"class":608},[52,132272,5485],{"class":84},[52,132274,50894],{"class":1479},[20,132276,132277,132278,342,132280,174],{},"Or include both ",[15,132279,341],{},[15,132281,345],{},[43,132283,132285],{"className":45,"code":132284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132286,132287,132299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132288,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132290,207],{"class":58},[52,132292,63],{"class":62},[52,132294,67],{"class":66},[52,132296,4208],{"class":70},[52,132298,74],{"class":66},[52,132300,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132302,81],{"class":80},[52,132304,85],{"class":84},[52,132306,231],{"class":88},[52,132308,92],{"class":84},[52,132310,35972],{"class":88},[52,132312,85],{"class":84},[52,132314,100],{"class":66},[52,132316,289],{"class":70},[52,132318,100],{"class":66},[52,132320,318],{"class":84},[52,132322,3111],{"class":608},[52,132324,318],{"class":84},[52,132326,4726],{"class":608},[52,132328,5485],{"class":84},[52,132330,50894],{"class":1479},[38,132332,38146],{"id":38145},[20,132334,28834,132335,132337,132338,92],{},[15,132336,59091],{}," is a ",[3865,132339,132340],{},"zero-based index",[20,132342,2222],{},[176,132344,132345,132351,132356],{},[179,132346,132347,132348,132350],{},"Index ",[15,132349,2235],{}," is the first character",[179,132352,132347,132353,132355],{},[15,132354,3106],{}," is the second character",[179,132357,132347,132358,132360],{},[15,132359,2172],{}," is the third character",[20,132362,197],{},[43,132364,132366],{"className":45,"code":132365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132367,132368,132380,132384,132408,132432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132369,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132371,207],{"class":58},[52,132373,63],{"class":62},[52,132375,67],{"class":66},[52,132377,37173],{"class":70},[52,132379,74],{"class":66},[52,132381,132382],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132383,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,132385,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132387,81],{"class":80},[52,132389,85],{"class":84},[52,132391,231],{"class":88},[52,132393,92],{"class":84},[52,132395,35972],{"class":88},[52,132397,85],{"class":84},[52,132399,100],{"class":66},[52,132401,9860],{"class":70},[52,132403,100],{"class":66},[52,132405,5485],{"class":84},[52,132407,51370],{"class":1479},[52,132409,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,132411,81],{"class":80},[52,132413,85],{"class":84},[52,132415,231],{"class":88},[52,132417,92],{"class":84},[52,132419,35972],{"class":88},[52,132421,85],{"class":84},[52,132423,100],{"class":66},[52,132425,289],{"class":70},[52,132427,100],{"class":66},[52,132429,5485],{"class":84},[52,132431,27905],{"class":1479},[52,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,132435,81],{"class":80},[52,132437,85],{"class":84},[52,132439,231],{"class":88},[52,132441,92],{"class":84},[52,132443,35972],{"class":88},[52,132445,85],{"class":84},[52,132447,100],{"class":66},[52,132449,63408],{"class":70},[52,132451,100],{"class":66},[52,132453,5485],{"class":84},[52,132455,51538],{"class":1479},[20,132457,132458,132460,132461,132463],{},[15,132459,59091],{}," returns only the ",[3865,132462,30035],{}," matching position.",[43,132465,132467],{"className":45,"code":132466,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132468,132469,132481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132470,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132472,207],{"class":58},[52,132474,63],{"class":62},[52,132476,67],{"class":66},[52,132478,4208],{"class":70},[52,132480,74],{"class":66},[52,132482,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132484,81],{"class":80},[52,132486,85],{"class":84},[52,132488,231],{"class":88},[52,132490,92],{"class":84},[52,132492,35972],{"class":88},[52,132494,85],{"class":84},[52,132496,100],{"class":66},[52,132498,289],{"class":70},[52,132500,100],{"class":66},[52,132502,5485],{"class":84},[52,132504,27905],{"class":1479},[20,132506,21104,132507,132509],{},[15,132508,18221],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132511,132512,132513,92],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[289,132514,132515,1441],{"href":124903},[15,132516,58713],{},[38,132518,1828,132519,342,132521],{"id":65527},[15,132520,341],{},[15,132522,345],{},[20,132524,2095,132525,342,132527,132529],{},[15,132526,341],{},[15,132528,345],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132531,132532],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132534,46163,132535,174],{},[15,132536,341],{},[43,132538,132540],{"className":45,"code":132539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132541,132542,132554,132558,132582,132610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132545,207],{"class":58},[52,132547,63],{"class":62},[52,132549,67],{"class":66},[52,132551,4208],{"class":70},[52,132553,74],{"class":66},[52,132555,132556],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132557,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,132559,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132561,81],{"class":80},[52,132563,85],{"class":84},[52,132565,231],{"class":88},[52,132567,92],{"class":84},[52,132569,35972],{"class":88},[52,132571,85],{"class":84},[52,132573,100],{"class":66},[52,132575,289],{"class":70},[52,132577,100],{"class":66},[52,132579,5485],{"class":84},[52,132581,51243],{"class":1479},[52,132583,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,132585,81],{"class":80},[52,132587,85],{"class":84},[52,132589,231],{"class":88},[52,132591,92],{"class":84},[52,132593,35972],{"class":88},[52,132595,85],{"class":84},[52,132597,100],{"class":66},[52,132599,289],{"class":70},[52,132601,100],{"class":66},[52,132603,318],{"class":84},[52,132605,3111],{"class":608},[52,132607,5485],{"class":84},[52,132609,51093],{"class":1479},[52,132611,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,132613,81],{"class":80},[52,132615,85],{"class":84},[52,132617,231],{"class":88},[52,132619,92],{"class":84},[52,132621,35972],{"class":88},[52,132623,85],{"class":84},[52,132625,100],{"class":66},[52,132627,289],{"class":70},[52,132629,100],{"class":66},[52,132631,318],{"class":84},[52,132633,2575],{"class":608},[52,132635,5485],{"class":84},[52,132637,50877],{"class":1479},[20,132639,20083],{},[176,132641,132642,132649,132655],{},[179,132643,132644,132645,65717,132647],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132646,18221],{},[15,132648,3106],{},[179,132650,132651,132652,132654],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132653,2172],{}," skips that first match",[179,132656,132651,132657,132659,132660],{},[15,132658,2623],{}," finds the last ",[15,132661,18221],{},[20,132663,46163,132664,174],{},[15,132665,345],{},[43,132667,132669],{"className":45,"code":132668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132670,132671,132683,132687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132672,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132674,207],{"class":58},[52,132676,63],{"class":62},[52,132678,67],{"class":66},[52,132680,4208],{"class":70},[52,132682,74],{"class":66},[52,132684,132685],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132686,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,132688,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132690,81],{"class":80},[52,132692,85],{"class":84},[52,132694,231],{"class":88},[52,132696,92],{"class":84},[52,132698,35972],{"class":88},[52,132700,85],{"class":84},[52,132702,100],{"class":66},[52,132704,76150],{"class":70},[52,132706,100],{"class":66},[52,132708,318],{"class":84},[52,132710,683],{"class":608},[52,132712,318],{"class":84},[52,132714,2575],{"class":608},[52,132716,5485],{"class":84},[52,132718,51538],{"class":1479},[20,132720,132721],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132723,132724],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[38,132726,44337,132728,132730],{"id":132727},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132729,59091],{}," causes an error",[20,132732,132733,132734,52617,132736,92],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132735,59091],{},[15,132737,40830],{},[20,132739,197],{},[43,132741,132743],{"className":45,"code":132742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132744,132745,132757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132748,207],{"class":58},[52,132750,63],{"class":62},[52,132752,67],{"class":66},[52,132754,266],{"class":70},[52,132756,74],{"class":66},[52,132758,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132760,81],{"class":80},[52,132762,85],{"class":84},[52,132764,231],{"class":88},[52,132766,92],{"class":84},[52,132768,35972],{"class":88},[52,132770,85],{"class":84},[52,132772,100],{"class":66},[52,132774,22203],{"class":70},[52,132776,100],{"class":66},[52,132778,108],{"class":84},[20,132780,135],{},[43,132782,132784],{"className":45,"code":132783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132785,132786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132787,132788,132790,132792,132795,132797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132789,40830],{"class":1929},[52,132791,174],{"class":84},[52,132793,132794],{"class":58}," substring ",[52,132796,4752],{"class":62},[52,132798,65950],{"class":58},[20,132800,53463,132801,126418,132806,132808],{},[289,132802,132803],{"href":129933},[15,132804,132805],{},"str.find()",[15,132807,65975],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132810,132811,132812,342,132814,174],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132813,29930],{},[15,132815,29961],{},[43,132817,132819],{"className":45,"code":132818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132820,132821,132833,132837,132843,132866,132876,132884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132822,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132824,207],{"class":58},[52,132826,63],{"class":62},[52,132828,67],{"class":66},[52,132830,266],{"class":70},[52,132832,74],{"class":66},[52,132834,132835],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132836,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,132838,132839,132841],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132840,29930],{"class":761},[52,132842,804],{"class":84},[52,132844,132845,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,132846,132847],{"class":58},"    position ",[52,132849,63],{"class":62},[52,132851,1705],{"class":58},[52,132853,92],{"class":84},[52,132855,35972],{"class":88},[52,132857,85],{"class":84},[52,132859,100],{"class":66},[52,132861,22203],{"class":70},[52,132863,100],{"class":66},[52,132865,329],{"class":84},[52,132867,132868,132870,132872,132874],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,132869,784],{"class":80},[52,132871,85],{"class":84},[52,132873,65068],{"class":88},[52,132875,329],{"class":84},[52,132877,132878,132880,132882],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,132879,29961],{"class":761},[52,132881,42051],{"class":1929},[52,132883,804],{"class":84},[52,132885,132886,132888,132890,132892,132895,132897],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,132887,784],{"class":80},[52,132889,85],{"class":84},[52,132891,100],{"class":66},[52,132893,132894],{"class":70},"Substring not found",[52,132896,100],{"class":66},[52,132898,329],{"class":84},[20,132900,132901],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132903,42071,132904,92],{},[289,132905,25805,132907],{"href":132906},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132908,129260],{},[38,132910,132912,10707,132914],{"id":132911},"index-vs-find",[15,132913,59091],{},[15,132915,1992],{},[20,132917,132918,342,132920,132922],{},[15,132919,59091],{},[15,132921,1992],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[412,132924,132925],{"id":35972},[15,132926,59091],{},[176,132928,132929,132932],{},[179,132930,132931],{},"Returns the first match position",[179,132933,132934],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[43,132936,132938],{"className":45,"code":132937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132939,132940,132952,132976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132941,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132943,207],{"class":58},[52,132945,63],{"class":62},[52,132947,67],{"class":66},[52,132949,266],{"class":70},[52,132951,74],{"class":66},[52,132953,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,132955,81],{"class":80},[52,132957,85],{"class":84},[52,132959,231],{"class":88},[52,132961,92],{"class":84},[52,132963,35972],{"class":88},[52,132965,85],{"class":84},[52,132967,100],{"class":66},[52,132969,60570],{"class":70},[52,132971,100],{"class":66},[52,132973,5485],{"class":84},[52,132975,27905],{"class":1479},[52,132977,132978],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,132979,132980],{"class":1479},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[412,132982,132983],{"id":128314},[15,132984,1992],{},[176,132986,132987,132989],{},[179,132988,132931],{},[179,132990,184,132991,132993],{},[15,132992,65975],{}," if nothing is found",[43,132995,132997],{"className":45,"code":132996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132998,132999,133011,133035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133000,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133002,207],{"class":58},[52,133004,63],{"class":62},[52,133006,67],{"class":66},[52,133008,266],{"class":70},[52,133010,74],{"class":66},[52,133012,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133014,81],{"class":80},[52,133016,85],{"class":84},[52,133018,231],{"class":88},[52,133020,92],{"class":84},[52,133022,128314],{"class":88},[52,133024,85],{"class":84},[52,133026,100],{"class":66},[52,133028,60570],{"class":70},[52,133030,100],{"class":66},[52,133032,5485],{"class":84},[52,133034,27905],{"class":1479},[52,133036,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133038,81],{"class":80},[52,133040,85],{"class":84},[52,133042,231],{"class":88},[52,133044,92],{"class":84},[52,133046,128314],{"class":88},[52,133048,85],{"class":84},[52,133050,100],{"class":66},[52,133052,22203],{"class":70},[52,133054,100],{"class":66},[52,133056,5485],{"class":84},[52,133058,128670],{"class":1479},[20,133060,154,133061,133063],{},[15,133062,59091],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133065,154,133066,133068],{},[15,133067,1992],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133070,133071,133072,32,133077,92],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[289,133073,133074,133076],{"href":129933},[15,133075,132805],{}," method reference",[289,133078,1098],{"href":133079},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[38,133081,1445],{"id":1444},[20,133083,133084,133085,174],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133086,59091],{},[176,133088,133089,133092,133099,133104,133109],{},[179,133090,133091],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[179,133093,1725,133094,8577,133096,133098],{},[15,133095,59091],{},[15,133097,65975],{}," when no match exists",[179,133100,1828,133101,133103],{},[15,133102,59091],{}," on a value that may not be present",[179,133105,133106,133107],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133108,3106],{},[179,133110,4700,133111,133113],{},[15,133112,59091],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133115,62416],{},[43,133117,133119],{"className":45,"code":133118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133120,133121,133131,133145,133167,133189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133122,133123,133125,133127,133129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133124,81],{"class":80},[52,133126,85],{"class":84},[52,133128,231],{"class":88},[52,133130,329],{"class":84},[52,133132,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133134,81],{"class":80},[52,133136,85],{"class":84},[52,133138,1865],{"class":80},[52,133140,85],{"class":84},[52,133142,231],{"class":88},[52,133144,108],{"class":84},[52,133146,133147,133149,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133148,81],{"class":80},[52,133150,85],{"class":84},[52,133152,231],{"class":88},[52,133154,92],{"class":84},[52,133156,35972],{"class":88},[52,133158,85],{"class":84},[52,133160,100],{"class":66},[52,133162,2591],{"class":70},[52,133164,100],{"class":66},[52,133166,108],{"class":84},[52,133168,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,133170,81],{"class":80},[52,133172,85],{"class":84},[52,133174,231],{"class":88},[52,133176,92],{"class":84},[52,133178,128314],{"class":88},[52,133180,85],{"class":84},[52,133182,100],{"class":66},[52,133184,2591],{"class":70},[52,133186,100],{"class":66},[52,133188,108],{"class":84},[52,133190,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,133192,81],{"class":80},[52,133194,85],{"class":84},[52,133196,231],{"class":88},[52,133198,92],{"class":84},[52,133200,35972],{"class":88},[52,133202,85],{"class":84},[52,133204,100],{"class":66},[52,133206,2591],{"class":70},[52,133208,100],{"class":66},[52,133210,318],{"class":84},[52,133212,321],{"class":88},[52,133214,318],{"class":84},[52,133216,326],{"class":88},[52,133218,108],{"class":84},[20,133220,133221],{},"Tips:",[176,133223,133224,133229,133234,133237],{},[179,133225,154,133226,133228],{},[15,133227,126374],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[179,133230,154,133231,133233],{},[15,133232,1992],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[179,133235,133236],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[179,133238,133239,133240],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133241,2235],{},[38,133243,1940],{"id":1939},[412,133245,129793,133247,12838],{"id":133246},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133248,59091],{},[20,133250,133251],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[412,133253,133255],{"id":133254},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133257,76978,133258,92],{},[15,133259,40830],{},[412,133261,1987,133263,342,133265,1993],{"id":133262},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133264,59091],{},[15,133266,1992],{},[20,133268,133269,133271,133272,2515,133274,6755],{},[15,133270,59091],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133273,1992],{},[15,133275,65975],{},[412,133277,1958,133279,133281],{"id":133278},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133280,59091],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133283,133284],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[412,133286,133288,133289,1974],{"id":133287},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133290,59091],{},[20,133292,129818],{},[38,133294,2005],{"id":2004},[176,133296,133297,133303,133307,133312,133318],{},[179,133298,133299],{},[289,133300,133301,1441],{"href":129933},[15,133302,132805],{},[179,133304,133305],{},[289,133306,2024],{"href":133079},[179,133308,133309],{},[289,133310,129894],{"href":133311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[179,133313,133314],{},[289,133315,133316,1441],{"href":124903},[15,133317,58713],{},[179,133319,133320],{},[289,133321,30473,133322],{"href":132906},[15,133323,129260],{},[2035,133325,133326],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":133328},[133329,133330,133332,133333,133334,133335,133337,133342,133343,133354],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":131965,"depth":77,"text":133331},"What str.index() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":38145,"depth":77,"text":38146},{"id":65527,"depth":77,"text":66309},{"id":132727,"depth":77,"text":133336},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132911,"depth":77,"text":133338,"children":133339},"index() vs find()",[133340,133341],{"id":35972,"depth":111,"text":59091},{"id":128314,"depth":111,"text":1992},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":133344},[133345,133347,133348,133350,133352],{"id":133246,"depth":111,"text":133346},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133254,"depth":111,"text":133255},{"id":133262,"depth":111,"text":133349},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133278,"depth":111,"text":133351},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133287,"depth":111,"text":133353},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131874,"description":133355},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133362,"title":133363,"body":133364,"description":136139,"extension":2078,"meta":136140,"navigation":221,"path":136141,"seo":136142,"stem":136143,"__hash__":136144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133365,"toc":136075},[133366,133372,133377,133380,133383,133394,133396,133465,133467,133481,133486,133491,133496,133498,133541,133543,133626,133628,133674,133680,133682,133684,133704,133706,133729,133731,133805,133807,133826,133831,133833,133837,133909,133911,133925,133929,134005,134007,134026,134030,134124,134126,134135,134142,134218,134220,134238,134242,134245,134252,134301,134303,134312,134319,134378,134380,134398,134401,134408,134467,134469,134487,134494,134551,134553,134562,134566,134571,134575,134634,134636,134654,134658,134705,134710,134713,134782,134784,134801,134808,134814,134869,134874,134877,134954,134956,134974,134980,134986,135046,135048,135067,135073,135076,135083,135136,135141,135143,135204,135213,135220,135222,135279,135284,135286,135357,135361,135416,135418,135427,135432,135438,135507,135509,135541,135547,135555,135562,135568,135633,135635,135644,135650,135731,135733,135742,135747,135761,135768,135772,135777,135805,135807,135940,135943,135980,135982,135988,135997,136002,136005,136010,136015,136021,136024,136033,136036,136038,136067,136072],[10,133367,13,133369,18],{"id":133368},"python-string-join-method",[15,133370,133371],{},"join()",[20,133373,22,133374,133376],{},[15,133375,133371],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133378,133379],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133381,133382],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[176,133384,133385,133391],{},[179,133386,133387,133388,133390],{},"You call ",[15,133389,133371],{}," on the separator string",[179,133392,133393],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[38,133395,3729],{"id":3728},[43,133397,133399],{"className":45,"code":133398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133400,133401,133434,133455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133402,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133430,133432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133404,4190],{"class":58},[52,133406,63],{"class":62},[52,133408,3744],{"class":84},[52,133410,100],{"class":66},[52,133412,7420],{"class":70},[52,133414,100],{"class":66},[52,133416,318],{"class":84},[52,133418,67],{"class":66},[52,133420,835],{"class":70},[52,133422,100],{"class":66},[52,133424,318],{"class":84},[52,133426,67],{"class":66},[52,133428,133429],{"class":70},"fun",[52,133431,100],{"class":66},[52,133433,3757],{"class":84},[52,133435,133436,133438,133440,133442,133444,133446,133449,133451,133453],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133437,2346],{"class":58},[52,133439,63],{"class":62},[52,133441,67],{"class":66},[52,133443,67],{"class":66},[52,133445,92],{"class":84},[52,133447,133448],{"class":88},"join",[52,133450,85],{"class":84},[52,133452,4234],{"class":88},[52,133454,329],{"class":84},[52,133456,133457,133459,133461,133463],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133458,81],{"class":80},[52,133460,85],{"class":84},[52,133462,2381],{"class":88},[52,133464,329],{"class":84},[20,133466,135],{},[43,133468,133470],{"className":45,"code":133469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is fun\n",[15,133471,133472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133473,133474,133476,133478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133475,3696],{"class":58},[52,133477,835],{"class":62},[52,133479,133480],{"class":58}," fun\n",[20,133482,154,133483,133485],{},[15,133484,133371],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[38,133487,166,133489,169],{"id":133488},"what-join-does",[15,133490,133371],{},[20,133492,133493,133495],{},[15,133494,133371],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133497,11580],{},[176,133499,133500,133507,133535,133538],{},[179,133501,133502,133503,133506],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133504,133505],{},".join()"," as the separator",[179,133508,133509,133510],{},"Common separators are:\n",[176,133511,133512,133518,133524,133530],{},[179,133513,133514,133517],{},[15,133515,133516],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[179,133519,133520,133523],{},[15,133521,133522],{},"\", \""," for commas",[179,133525,133526,133529],{},[15,133527,133528],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[179,133531,133532,133534],{},[15,133533,6395],{}," for no separator",[179,133536,133537],{},"It returns a new string",[179,133539,133540],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133542,197],{},[43,133544,133546],{"className":45,"code":133545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133547,133548,133580,133602,133606,133616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133549,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133551,4190],{"class":58},[52,133553,63],{"class":62},[52,133555,3744],{"class":84},[52,133557,100],{"class":66},[52,133559,13216],{"class":70},[52,133561,100],{"class":66},[52,133563,318],{"class":84},[52,133565,67],{"class":66},[52,133567,17580],{"class":70},[52,133569,100],{"class":66},[52,133571,318],{"class":84},[52,133573,67],{"class":66},[52,133575,13233],{"class":70},[52,133577,100],{"class":66},[52,133579,3757],{"class":84},[52,133581,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133583,2346],{"class":58},[52,133585,63],{"class":62},[52,133587,67],{"class":66},[52,133589,2305],{"class":70},[52,133591,100],{"class":66},[52,133593,92],{"class":84},[52,133595,133448],{"class":88},[52,133597,85],{"class":84},[52,133599,4234],{"class":88},[52,133601,329],{"class":84},[52,133603,133604],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133605,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,133609,81],{"class":80},[52,133611,85],{"class":84},[52,133613,2381],{"class":88},[52,133615,329],{"class":84},[52,133617,133618,133620,133622,133624],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,133619,81],{"class":80},[52,133621,85],{"class":84},[52,133623,4234],{"class":88},[52,133625,329],{"class":84},[20,133627,135],{},[43,133629,133631],{"className":45,"code":133630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133632,133633,133646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133634,133635,133637,133639,133642,133644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133636,13216],{"class":58},[52,133638,318],{"class":84},[52,133640,133641],{"class":58}," green",[52,133643,318],{"class":84},[52,133645,36007],{"class":58},[52,133647,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133649,4021],{"class":84},[52,133651,1888],{"class":66},[52,133653,13216],{"class":70},[52,133655,1888],{"class":66},[52,133657,318],{"class":84},[52,133659,3416],{"class":66},[52,133661,17580],{"class":70},[52,133663,1888],{"class":66},[52,133665,318],{"class":84},[52,133667,3416],{"class":66},[52,133669,13233],{"class":70},[52,133671,1888],{"class":66},[52,133673,3757],{"class":84},[20,133675,133676,133677,133679],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133678,133371],{}," creates a new string.",[38,133681,296],{"id":295},[20,133683,7341],{},[43,133685,133687],{"className":45,"code":133686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133688,133689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133690,133691,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133692,133693],{"class":58},"separator",[52,133695,92],{"class":84},[52,133697,133448],{"class":88},[52,133699,85],{"class":84},[52,133701,3842],{"class":88},[52,133703,329],{"class":84},[412,133705,49134],{"id":49133},[176,133707,133708,133721,133726],{},[179,133709,133710,133712,133713,2305,133715,2305,133717,2309,133719],{},[15,133711,133693],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133714,133516],{},[15,133716,133522],{},[15,133718,133528],{},[15,133720,6395],{},[179,133722,133723,133725],{},[15,133724,3842],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[179,133727,133728],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133730,197],{},[43,133732,133734],{"className":45,"code":133733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133735,133736,133768,133791,133795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133737,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133739,5118],{"class":58},[52,133741,63],{"class":62},[52,133743,3744],{"class":84},[52,133745,100],{"class":66},[52,133747,13003],{"class":70},[52,133749,100],{"class":66},[52,133751,318],{"class":84},[52,133753,67],{"class":66},[52,133755,36067],{"class":70},[52,133757,100],{"class":66},[52,133759,318],{"class":84},[52,133761,67],{"class":66},[52,133763,36076],{"class":70},[52,133765,100],{"class":66},[52,133767,3757],{"class":84},[52,133769,133770,133772,133774,133776,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133771,2346],{"class":58},[52,133773,63],{"class":62},[52,133775,67],{"class":66},[52,133777,133778],{"class":70}," | ",[52,133780,100],{"class":66},[52,133782,92],{"class":84},[52,133784,133448],{"class":88},[52,133786,85],{"class":84},[52,133788,5162],{"class":88},[52,133790,329],{"class":84},[52,133792,133793],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133794,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,133798,81],{"class":80},[52,133800,85],{"class":84},[52,133802,2381],{"class":88},[52,133804,329],{"class":84},[20,133806,135],{},[43,133808,133810],{"className":45,"code":133809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133811,133812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133813,133814,133817,133819,133822,133824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133815,133816],{"class":58},"Ana ",[52,133818,113975],{"class":62},[52,133820,133821],{"class":58}," Ben ",[52,133823,113975],{"class":62},[52,133825,36148],{"class":58},[20,133827,133828,133829,92],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[289,133830,292],{"href":291},[38,133832,121999],{"id":121998},[412,133834,133836],{"id":133835},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[43,133838,133840],{"className":45,"code":133839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133841,133842,133875,133895,133899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133843,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133871,133873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133845,4190],{"class":58},[52,133847,63],{"class":62},[52,133849,3744],{"class":84},[52,133851,100],{"class":66},[52,133853,7420],{"class":70},[52,133855,100],{"class":66},[52,133857,318],{"class":84},[52,133859,67],{"class":66},[52,133861,835],{"class":70},[52,133863,100],{"class":66},[52,133865,318],{"class":84},[52,133867,67],{"class":66},[52,133869,133870],{"class":70},"easy",[52,133872,100],{"class":66},[52,133874,3757],{"class":84},[52,133876,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133878,2346],{"class":58},[52,133880,63],{"class":62},[52,133882,67],{"class":66},[52,133884,67],{"class":66},[52,133886,92],{"class":84},[52,133888,133448],{"class":88},[52,133890,85],{"class":84},[52,133892,4234],{"class":88},[52,133894,329],{"class":84},[52,133896,133897],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133898,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,133902,81],{"class":80},[52,133904,85],{"class":84},[52,133906,2381],{"class":88},[52,133908,329],{"class":84},[20,133910,135],{},[43,133912,133914],{"className":45,"code":133913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is easy\n",[15,133915,133916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133917,133918,133920,133922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133919,3696],{"class":58},[52,133921,835],{"class":62},[52,133923,133924],{"class":58}," easy\n",[412,133926,133928],{"id":133927},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[43,133930,133932],{"className":45,"code":133931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133933,133934,133969,133991,133995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133935,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133947,133949,133951,133953,133956,133958,133960,133962,133965,133967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133937,7903],{"class":58},[52,133939,63],{"class":62},[52,133941,3744],{"class":84},[52,133943,100],{"class":66},[52,133945,133946],{"class":70},"apples",[52,133948,100],{"class":66},[52,133950,318],{"class":84},[52,133952,67],{"class":66},[52,133954,133955],{"class":70},"bananas",[52,133957,100],{"class":66},[52,133959,318],{"class":84},[52,133961,67],{"class":66},[52,133963,133964],{"class":70},"oranges",[52,133966,100],{"class":66},[52,133968,3757],{"class":84},[52,133970,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,133972,2346],{"class":58},[52,133974,63],{"class":62},[52,133976,67],{"class":66},[52,133978,2305],{"class":70},[52,133980,100],{"class":66},[52,133982,92],{"class":84},[52,133984,133448],{"class":88},[52,133986,85],{"class":84},[52,133988,7934],{"class":88},[52,133990,329],{"class":84},[52,133992,133993],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,133994,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,133996,133997,133999,134001,134003],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,133998,81],{"class":80},[52,134000,85],{"class":84},[52,134002,2381],{"class":88},[52,134004,329],{"class":84},[20,134006,135],{},[43,134008,134010],{"className":45,"code":134009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134011,134012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134013,134014,134016,134018,134021,134023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134015,133946],{"class":58},[52,134017,318],{"class":84},[52,134019,134020],{"class":58}," bananas",[52,134022,318],{"class":84},[52,134024,134025],{"class":58}," oranges\n",[412,134027,134029],{"id":134028},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[43,134031,134033],{"className":45,"code":134032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134034,134035,134092,134110,134114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134036,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134038,36215],{"class":58},[52,134040,63],{"class":62},[52,134042,3744],{"class":84},[52,134044,100],{"class":66},[52,134046,134047],{"class":70},"P",[52,134049,100],{"class":66},[52,134051,318],{"class":84},[52,134053,67],{"class":66},[52,134055,11868],{"class":70},[52,134057,100],{"class":66},[52,134059,318],{"class":84},[52,134061,67],{"class":66},[52,134063,63408],{"class":70},[52,134065,100],{"class":66},[52,134067,318],{"class":84},[52,134069,67],{"class":66},[52,134071,60561],{"class":70},[52,134073,100],{"class":66},[52,134075,318],{"class":84},[52,134077,67],{"class":66},[52,134079,60596],{"class":70},[52,134081,100],{"class":66},[52,134083,318],{"class":84},[52,134085,67],{"class":66},[52,134087,76150],{"class":70},[52,134089,100],{"class":66},[52,134091,3757],{"class":84},[52,134093,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134095,2346],{"class":58},[52,134097,63],{"class":62},[52,134099,6249],{"class":66},[52,134101,92],{"class":84},[52,134103,133448],{"class":88},[52,134105,85],{"class":84},[52,134107,36268],{"class":88},[52,134109,329],{"class":84},[52,134111,134112],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,134113,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,134115,134116,134118,134120,134122],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,134117,81],{"class":80},[52,134119,85],{"class":84},[52,134121,2381],{"class":88},[52,134123,329],{"class":84},[20,134125,135],{},[43,134127,134129],{"className":45,"code":134128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python\n",[15,134130,134131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134132,134133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134134,134128],{"class":58},[412,134136,134138,134139,134141],{"id":134137},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134140,133371],{}," returns the result",[43,134143,134145],{"className":45,"code":134144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134146,134147,134180,134203,134207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134148,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134176,134178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134150,4190],{"class":58},[52,134152,63],{"class":62},[52,134154,3744],{"class":84},[52,134156,100],{"class":66},[52,134158,6709],{"class":70},[52,134160,100],{"class":66},[52,134162,318],{"class":84},[52,134164,67],{"class":66},[52,134166,79391],{"class":70},[52,134168,100],{"class":66},[52,134170,318],{"class":84},[52,134172,67],{"class":66},[52,134174,134175],{"class":70},"three",[52,134177,100],{"class":66},[52,134179,3757],{"class":84},[52,134181,134182,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134183,134184],{"class":58},"joined_text ",[52,134186,63],{"class":62},[52,134188,67],{"class":66},[52,134190,2137],{"class":70},[52,134192,100],{"class":66},[52,134194,92],{"class":84},[52,134196,133448],{"class":88},[52,134198,85],{"class":84},[52,134200,4234],{"class":88},[52,134202,329],{"class":84},[52,134204,134205],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,134206,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,134208,134209,134211,134213,134216],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,134210,81],{"class":80},[52,134212,85],{"class":84},[52,134214,134215],{"class":88},"joined_text",[52,134217,329],{"class":84},[20,134219,135],{},[43,134221,134223],{"className":45,"code":134222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one-two-three\n",[15,134224,134225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134226,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134228,6709],{"class":58},[52,134230,2137],{"class":62},[52,134232,79391],{"class":58},[52,134234,2137],{"class":62},[52,134236,134237],{"class":58},"three\n",[38,134239,134241],{"id":134240},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134243,134244],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[412,134246,134248,134251],{"id":134247},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134249,134250],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[43,134253,134255],{"className":45,"code":134254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134256,134257,134281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134258,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134260,4190],{"class":58},[52,134262,63],{"class":62},[52,134264,3744],{"class":84},[52,134266,100],{"class":66},[52,134268,266],{"class":70},[52,134270,100],{"class":66},[52,134272,318],{"class":84},[52,134274,67],{"class":66},[52,134276,242],{"class":70},[52,134278,100],{"class":66},[52,134280,3757],{"class":84},[52,134282,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134284,81],{"class":80},[52,134286,85],{"class":84},[52,134288,100],{"class":66},[52,134290,67],{"class":66},[52,134292,92],{"class":84},[52,134294,133448],{"class":88},[52,134296,85],{"class":84},[52,134298,4234],{"class":88},[52,134300,108],{"class":84},[20,134302,135],{},[43,134304,134306],{"className":45,"code":134305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n",[15,134307,134308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134309,134310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134311,134305],{"class":58},[412,134313,134315,134318],{"id":134314},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134316,134317],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[43,134320,134322],{"className":45,"code":134321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134323,134324,134356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134325,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134327,13199],{"class":58},[52,134329,63],{"class":62},[52,134331,3744],{"class":84},[52,134333,100],{"class":66},[52,134335,13216],{"class":70},[52,134337,100],{"class":66},[52,134339,318],{"class":84},[52,134341,67],{"class":66},[52,134343,13233],{"class":70},[52,134345,100],{"class":66},[52,134347,318],{"class":84},[52,134349,67],{"class":66},[52,134351,17580],{"class":70},[52,134353,100],{"class":66},[52,134355,3757],{"class":84},[52,134357,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134359,81],{"class":80},[52,134361,85],{"class":84},[52,134363,100],{"class":66},[52,134365,2305],{"class":70},[52,134367,100],{"class":66},[52,134369,92],{"class":84},[52,134371,133448],{"class":88},[52,134373,85],{"class":84},[52,134375,17627],{"class":88},[52,134377,108],{"class":84},[20,134379,135],{},[43,134381,134383],{"className":45,"code":134382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134384,134385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134386,134387,134389,134391,134394,134396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134388,13216],{"class":58},[52,134390,318],{"class":84},[52,134392,134393],{"class":58}," blue",[52,134395,318],{"class":84},[52,134397,36000],{"class":58},[20,134399,134400],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[412,134402,134404,134407],{"id":134403},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134405,134406],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[43,134409,134411],{"className":45,"code":134410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134412,134413,134445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134414,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134416,42962],{"class":58},[52,134418,63],{"class":62},[52,134420,3744],{"class":84},[52,134422,100],{"class":66},[52,134424,47],{"class":70},[52,134426,100],{"class":66},[52,134428,318],{"class":84},[52,134430,67],{"class":66},[52,134432,306],{"class":70},[52,134434,100],{"class":66},[52,134436,318],{"class":84},[52,134438,67],{"class":66},[52,134440,133448],{"class":70},[52,134442,100],{"class":66},[52,134444,3757],{"class":84},[52,134446,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134448,81],{"class":80},[52,134450,85],{"class":84},[52,134452,100],{"class":66},[52,134454,2137],{"class":70},[52,134456,100],{"class":66},[52,134458,92],{"class":84},[52,134460,133448],{"class":88},[52,134462,85],{"class":84},[52,134464,42993],{"class":88},[52,134466,108],{"class":84},[20,134468,135],{},[43,134470,134472],{"className":45,"code":134471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python-string-join\n",[15,134473,134474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134475,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134477,47],{"class":58},[52,134479,2137],{"class":62},[52,134481,306],{"class":58},[52,134483,2137],{"class":62},[52,134485,134486],{"class":58},"join\n",[412,134488,134490,134493],{"id":134489},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134491,134492],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[43,134495,134497],{"className":45,"code":134496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134498,134499,134532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134500,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134528,134530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134502,113047],{"class":58},[52,134504,63],{"class":62},[52,134506,3744],{"class":84},[52,134508,100],{"class":66},[52,134510,22371],{"class":70},[52,134512,100],{"class":66},[52,134514,318],{"class":84},[52,134516,67],{"class":66},[52,134518,30726],{"class":70},[52,134520,100],{"class":66},[52,134522,318],{"class":84},[52,134524,67],{"class":66},[52,134526,134527],{"class":70},"C",[52,134529,100],{"class":66},[52,134531,3757],{"class":84},[52,134533,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134549],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134535,81],{"class":80},[52,134537,85],{"class":84},[52,134539,6395],{"class":66},[52,134541,92],{"class":84},[52,134543,133448],{"class":88},[52,134545,85],{"class":84},[52,134547,134548],{"class":88},"chars",[52,134550,108],{"class":84},[20,134552,135],{},[43,134554,134556],{"className":45,"code":134555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ABC\n",[15,134557,134558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134559,134560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134561,134555],{"class":841},[38,134563,134565],{"id":134564},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134567,134568,134570],{},[15,134569,133371],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[412,134572,134574],{"id":134573},"this-works","This works",[43,134576,134578],{"className":45,"code":134577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134579,134580,134612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134583,3946],{"class":58},[52,134585,63],{"class":62},[52,134587,3744],{"class":84},[52,134589,100],{"class":66},[52,134591,2448],{"class":70},[52,134593,100],{"class":66},[52,134595,318],{"class":84},[52,134597,67],{"class":66},[52,134599,15879],{"class":70},[52,134601,100],{"class":66},[52,134603,318],{"class":84},[52,134605,67],{"class":66},[52,134607,36967],{"class":70},[52,134609,100],{"class":66},[52,134611,3757],{"class":84},[52,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134615,81],{"class":80},[52,134617,85],{"class":84},[52,134619,100],{"class":66},[52,134621,2305],{"class":70},[52,134623,100],{"class":66},[52,134625,92],{"class":84},[52,134627,133448],{"class":88},[52,134629,85],{"class":84},[52,134631,5482],{"class":88},[52,134633,108],{"class":84},[20,134635,135],{},[43,134637,134639],{"className":45,"code":134638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134640,134641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134644,2448],{"class":608},[52,134646,318],{"class":84},[52,134648,7914],{"class":608},[52,134650,318],{"class":84},[52,134652,134653],{"class":608}," 30\n",[412,134655,134657],{"id":134656},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[43,134659,134661],{"className":45,"code":134660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134662,134663,134683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134664,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134666,3946],{"class":58},[52,134668,63],{"class":62},[52,134670,3744],{"class":84},[52,134672,3106],{"class":608},[52,134674,318],{"class":84},[52,134676,3111],{"class":608},[52,134678,318],{"class":84},[52,134680,609],{"class":608},[52,134682,3757],{"class":84},[52,134684,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134686,81],{"class":80},[52,134688,85],{"class":84},[52,134690,100],{"class":66},[52,134692,2305],{"class":70},[52,134694,100],{"class":66},[52,134696,92],{"class":84},[52,134698,133448],{"class":88},[52,134700,85],{"class":84},[52,134702,5482],{"class":88},[52,134704,108],{"class":84},[20,134706,90425,134707,134709],{},[15,134708,3124],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134711,134712],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[43,134714,134716],{"className":45,"code":134715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134717,134718,134738,134768,134772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134719,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134721,3946],{"class":58},[52,134723,63],{"class":62},[52,134725,3744],{"class":84},[52,134727,3106],{"class":608},[52,134729,318],{"class":84},[52,134731,3111],{"class":608},[52,134733,318],{"class":84},[52,134735,609],{"class":608},[52,134737,3757],{"class":84},[52,134739,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134741,2346],{"class":58},[52,134743,63],{"class":62},[52,134745,67],{"class":66},[52,134747,2305],{"class":70},[52,134749,100],{"class":66},[52,134751,92],{"class":84},[52,134753,133448],{"class":88},[52,134755,85],{"class":84},[52,134757,39985],{"class":80},[52,134759,85],{"class":84},[52,134761,3563],{"class":1929},[52,134763,318],{"class":84},[52,134765,4006],{"class":88},[52,134767,108],{"class":84},[52,134769,134770],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,134771,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,134773,134774,134776,134778,134780],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,134775,81],{"class":80},[52,134777,85],{"class":84},[52,134779,2381],{"class":88},[52,134781,329],{"class":84},[20,134783,135],{},[43,134785,134787],{"className":45,"code":134786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134788,134789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134790,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134792,3106],{"class":608},[52,134794,318],{"class":84},[52,134796,3111],{"class":608},[52,134798,318],{"class":84},[52,134800,2696],{"class":608},[20,134802,134803,134804,92],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[289,134805,3696,134806,3629],{"href":42300},[15,134807,47807],{},[412,134809,134811,134813],{"id":134810},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134812,3901],{}," values do not work directly",[43,134815,134817],{"className":45,"code":134816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134818,134819,134847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134820,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134822,3946],{"class":58},[52,134824,63],{"class":62},[52,134826,3744],{"class":84},[52,134828,100],{"class":66},[52,134830,4199],{"class":70},[52,134832,100],{"class":66},[52,134834,318],{"class":84},[52,134836,3974],{"class":145},[52,134838,318],{"class":84},[52,134840,67],{"class":66},[52,134842,4208],{"class":70},[52,134844,100],{"class":66},[52,134846,3757],{"class":84},[52,134848,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134850,81],{"class":80},[52,134852,85],{"class":84},[52,134854,100],{"class":66},[52,134856,2305],{"class":70},[52,134858,100],{"class":66},[52,134860,92],{"class":84},[52,134862,133448],{"class":88},[52,134864,85],{"class":84},[52,134866,5482],{"class":88},[52,134868,108],{"class":84},[20,134870,134871,134872,92],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134873,3124],{},[20,134875,134876],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[43,134878,134880],{"className":45,"code":134879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134881,134882,134910,134940,134944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134883,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134885,3946],{"class":58},[52,134887,63],{"class":62},[52,134889,3744],{"class":84},[52,134891,100],{"class":66},[52,134893,4199],{"class":70},[52,134895,100],{"class":66},[52,134897,318],{"class":84},[52,134899,3974],{"class":145},[52,134901,318],{"class":84},[52,134903,67],{"class":66},[52,134905,4208],{"class":70},[52,134907,100],{"class":66},[52,134909,3757],{"class":84},[52,134911,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,134913,2346],{"class":58},[52,134915,63],{"class":62},[52,134917,67],{"class":66},[52,134919,2305],{"class":70},[52,134921,100],{"class":66},[52,134923,92],{"class":84},[52,134925,133448],{"class":88},[52,134927,85],{"class":84},[52,134929,39985],{"class":80},[52,134931,85],{"class":84},[52,134933,3563],{"class":1929},[52,134935,318],{"class":84},[52,134937,4006],{"class":88},[52,134939,108],{"class":84},[52,134941,134942],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,134943,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,134945,134946,134948,134950,134952],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,134947,81],{"class":80},[52,134949,85],{"class":84},[52,134951,2381],{"class":88},[52,134953,329],{"class":84},[20,134955,135],{},[43,134957,134959],{"className":45,"code":134958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134960,134961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134962,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134964,4199],{"class":58},[52,134966,318],{"class":84},[52,134968,3974],{"class":145},[52,134970,318],{"class":84},[52,134972,134973],{"class":58}," banana\n",[20,134975,134976,134977,134979],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134978,3901],{}," values instead of converting them.",[412,134981,134983,134985],{"id":134982},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134984,133371],{}," also works with tuples",[43,134987,134989],{"className":45,"code":134988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134990,134991,135023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134992,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134994,5118],{"class":58},[52,134996,63],{"class":62},[52,134998,1370],{"class":84},[52,135000,100],{"class":66},[52,135002,7800],{"class":70},[52,135004,100],{"class":66},[52,135006,318],{"class":84},[52,135008,67],{"class":66},[52,135010,131377],{"class":70},[52,135012,100],{"class":66},[52,135014,318],{"class":84},[52,135016,67],{"class":66},[52,135018,8045],{"class":70},[52,135020,100],{"class":66},[52,135022,329],{"class":84},[52,135024,135025,135027,135029,135031,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135026,81],{"class":80},[52,135028,85],{"class":84},[52,135030,100],{"class":66},[52,135032,135033],{"class":70}," \u002F ",[52,135035,100],{"class":66},[52,135037,92],{"class":84},[52,135039,133448],{"class":88},[52,135041,85],{"class":84},[52,135043,5162],{"class":88},[52,135045,108],{"class":84},[20,135047,135],{},[43,135049,135051],{"className":45,"code":135050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135052,135053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135054,135055,135058,135060,135063,135065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135056,135057],{"class":58},"Sam ",[52,135059,950],{"class":62},[52,135061,135062],{"class":58}," Lee ",[52,135064,950],{"class":62},[52,135066,22460],{"class":58},[38,135068,135070,135071],{"id":135069},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135072,133371],{},[20,135074,135075],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[412,135077,135079,135080,135082],{"id":135078},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135081,3124],{}," because not all items are strings",[43,135084,135086],{"className":45,"code":135085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135087,135088,135116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135089,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135091,7903],{"class":58},[52,135093,63],{"class":62},[52,135095,3744],{"class":84},[52,135097,100],{"class":66},[52,135099,289],{"class":70},[52,135101,100],{"class":66},[52,135103,318],{"class":84},[52,135105,3111],{"class":608},[52,135107,318],{"class":84},[52,135109,67],{"class":66},[52,135111,9860],{"class":70},[52,135113,100],{"class":66},[52,135115,3757],{"class":84},[52,135117,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135119,81],{"class":80},[52,135121,85],{"class":84},[52,135123,100],{"class":66},[52,135125,67],{"class":66},[52,135127,92],{"class":84},[52,135129,133448],{"class":88},[52,135131,85],{"class":84},[52,135133,7934],{"class":88},[52,135135,108],{"class":84},[20,135137,48634,135138,135140],{},[15,135139,2172],{}," is an integer.",[20,135142,1586],{},[43,135144,135146],{"className":45,"code":135145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135147,135148,135176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135149,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135151,7903],{"class":58},[52,135153,63],{"class":62},[52,135155,3744],{"class":84},[52,135157,100],{"class":66},[52,135159,289],{"class":70},[52,135161,100],{"class":66},[52,135163,318],{"class":84},[52,135165,3111],{"class":608},[52,135167,318],{"class":84},[52,135169,67],{"class":66},[52,135171,9860],{"class":70},[52,135173,100],{"class":66},[52,135175,3757],{"class":84},[52,135177,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135179,81],{"class":80},[52,135181,85],{"class":84},[52,135183,100],{"class":66},[52,135185,67],{"class":66},[52,135187,92],{"class":84},[52,135189,133448],{"class":88},[52,135191,85],{"class":84},[52,135193,39985],{"class":80},[52,135195,85],{"class":84},[52,135197,3563],{"class":1929},[52,135199,318],{"class":84},[52,135201,6089],{"class":88},[52,135203,546],{"class":84},[20,135205,135206,135207,92],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[289,135208,25805,135210],{"href":135209},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135211,135212],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[412,135214,135216,135217,135219],{"id":135215},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135218,133371],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135221,1457],{},[43,135223,135225],{"className":45,"code":135224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135226,135227,135259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135230,4190],{"class":58},[52,135232,63],{"class":62},[52,135234,3744],{"class":84},[52,135236,100],{"class":66},[52,135238,7420],{"class":70},[52,135240,100],{"class":66},[52,135242,318],{"class":84},[52,135244,67],{"class":66},[52,135246,835],{"class":70},[52,135248,100],{"class":66},[52,135250,318],{"class":84},[52,135252,67],{"class":66},[52,135254,133429],{"class":70},[52,135256,100],{"class":66},[52,135258,3757],{"class":84},[52,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135262,2346],{"class":58},[52,135264,63],{"class":62},[52,135266,6291],{"class":58},[52,135268,92],{"class":84},[52,135270,133448],{"class":88},[52,135272,85],{"class":84},[52,135274,100],{"class":66},[52,135276,67],{"class":66},[52,135278,329],{"class":84},[20,135280,135281,135283],{},[15,135282,133371],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135285,10929],{},[43,135287,135289],{"className":45,"code":135288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135290,135291,135323,135343,135347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135292,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135294,4190],{"class":58},[52,135296,63],{"class":62},[52,135298,3744],{"class":84},[52,135300,100],{"class":66},[52,135302,7420],{"class":70},[52,135304,100],{"class":66},[52,135306,318],{"class":84},[52,135308,67],{"class":66},[52,135310,835],{"class":70},[52,135312,100],{"class":66},[52,135314,318],{"class":84},[52,135316,67],{"class":66},[52,135318,133429],{"class":70},[52,135320,100],{"class":66},[52,135322,3757],{"class":84},[52,135324,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135326,2346],{"class":58},[52,135328,63],{"class":62},[52,135330,67],{"class":66},[52,135332,67],{"class":66},[52,135334,92],{"class":84},[52,135336,133448],{"class":88},[52,135338,85],{"class":84},[52,135340,4234],{"class":88},[52,135342,329],{"class":84},[52,135344,135345],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,135346,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,135348,135349,135351,135353,135355],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,135350,81],{"class":80},[52,135352,85],{"class":84},[52,135354,2381],{"class":88},[52,135356,329],{"class":84},[412,135358,135360],{"id":135359},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[43,135362,135364],{"className":45,"code":135363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135365,135366,135398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135367,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135369,4190],{"class":58},[52,135371,63],{"class":62},[52,135373,3744],{"class":84},[52,135375,100],{"class":66},[52,135377,6709],{"class":70},[52,135379,100],{"class":66},[52,135381,318],{"class":84},[52,135383,67],{"class":66},[52,135385,79391],{"class":70},[52,135387,100],{"class":66},[52,135389,318],{"class":84},[52,135391,67],{"class":66},[52,135393,134175],{"class":70},[52,135395,100],{"class":66},[52,135397,3757],{"class":84},[52,135399,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135401,81],{"class":80},[52,135403,85],{"class":84},[52,135405,6395],{"class":66},[52,135407,92],{"class":84},[52,135409,133448],{"class":88},[52,135411,85],{"class":84},[52,135413,4234],{"class":88},[52,135415,108],{"class":84},[20,135417,135],{},[43,135419,135421],{"className":45,"code":135420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"onetwothree\n",[15,135422,135423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135424,135425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135426,135420],{"class":58},[20,135428,135429,135430,6755],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135431,133516],{},[412,135433,135435,135436,131639],{"id":135434},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135437,133371],{},[43,135439,135441],{"className":45,"code":135440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135442,135443,135475,135493,135497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135444,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135446,4190],{"class":58},[52,135448,63],{"class":62},[52,135450,3744],{"class":84},[52,135452,100],{"class":66},[52,135454,289],{"class":70},[52,135456,100],{"class":66},[52,135458,318],{"class":84},[52,135460,67],{"class":66},[52,135462,4883],{"class":70},[52,135464,100],{"class":66},[52,135466,318],{"class":84},[52,135468,67],{"class":66},[52,135470,9860],{"class":70},[52,135472,100],{"class":66},[52,135474,3757],{"class":84},[52,135476,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135478,100],{"class":43453},[52,135480,2137],{"class":43457},[52,135482,100],{"class":43453},[52,135484,92],{"class":84},[52,135486,133448],{"class":88},[52,135488,85],{"class":84},[52,135490,4234],{"class":88},[52,135492,329],{"class":84},[52,135494,135495],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,135496,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,135498,135499,135501,135503,135505],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,135500,81],{"class":80},[52,135502,85],{"class":84},[52,135504,4234],{"class":88},[52,135506,329],{"class":84},[20,135508,135],{},[43,135510,135511],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,135512,135513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135514,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135516,4021],{"class":84},[52,135518,1888],{"class":66},[52,135520,289],{"class":70},[52,135522,1888],{"class":66},[52,135524,318],{"class":84},[52,135526,3416],{"class":66},[52,135528,4883],{"class":70},[52,135530,1888],{"class":66},[52,135532,318],{"class":84},[52,135534,3416],{"class":66},[52,135536,9860],{"class":70},[52,135538,1888],{"class":66},[52,135540,3757],{"class":84},[20,135542,135543,135544,135546],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135545,133371],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[38,135548,135550,135552,135553],{"id":135549},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135551,133371],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135554,2175],{},[20,135556,10712,135557,342,135559,135561],{},[15,135558,133371],{},[15,135560,2175],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[412,135563,154,135565,135567],{"id":135564},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135566,2175],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[43,135569,135571],{"className":45,"code":135570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135572,135573,135586,135599,135619,135623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135574,135575,135578,135580,135582,135584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135576,135577],{"class":58},"first ",[52,135579,63],{"class":62},[52,135581,67],{"class":66},[52,135583,34992],{"class":70},[52,135585,74],{"class":66},[52,135587,135588,135591,135593,135595,135597],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135589,135590],{"class":58},"second ",[52,135592,63],{"class":62},[52,135594,67],{"class":66},[52,135596,89857],{"class":70},[52,135598,74],{"class":66},[52,135600,135601,135603,135605,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,135602,2346],{"class":58},[52,135604,63],{"class":62},[52,135606,135607],{"class":58}," first ",[52,135609,2175],{"class":62},[52,135611,67],{"class":66},[52,135613,67],{"class":66},[52,135615,2572],{"class":62},[52,135617,135618],{"class":58}," second\n",[52,135620,135621],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,135622,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,135624,135625,135627,135629,135631],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,135626,81],{"class":80},[52,135628,85],{"class":84},[52,135630,2381],{"class":88},[52,135632,329],{"class":84},[20,135634,135],{},[43,135636,135638],{"className":45,"code":135637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello World\n",[15,135639,135640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135641,135642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135643,135637],{"class":58},[412,135645,154,135647,135649],{"id":135646},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135648,133371],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[43,135651,135653],{"className":45,"code":135652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135654,135655,135697,135717,135721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135656,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135676,135678,135680,135682,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135658,4190],{"class":58},[52,135660,63],{"class":62},[52,135662,3744],{"class":84},[52,135664,100],{"class":66},[52,135666,7420],{"class":70},[52,135668,100],{"class":66},[52,135670,318],{"class":84},[52,135672,67],{"class":66},[52,135674,135675],{"class":70},"makes",[52,135677,100],{"class":66},[52,135679,318],{"class":84},[52,135681,67],{"class":66},[52,135683,135684],{"class":70},"this",[52,135686,100],{"class":66},[52,135688,318],{"class":84},[52,135690,67],{"class":66},[52,135692,133870],{"class":70},[52,135694,100],{"class":66},[52,135696,3757],{"class":84},[52,135698,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135700,2346],{"class":58},[52,135702,63],{"class":62},[52,135704,67],{"class":66},[52,135706,67],{"class":66},[52,135708,92],{"class":84},[52,135710,133448],{"class":88},[52,135712,85],{"class":84},[52,135714,4234],{"class":88},[52,135716,329],{"class":84},[52,135718,135719],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,135720,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,135722,135723,135725,135727,135729],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,135724,81],{"class":80},[52,135726,85],{"class":84},[52,135728,2381],{"class":88},[52,135730,329],{"class":84},[20,135732,135],{},[43,135734,135736],{"className":45,"code":135735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135737,135738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135739,135740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135741,135735],{"class":58},[20,135743,135744,135746],{},[15,135745,133371],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[176,135748,135749,135752,135755],{},[179,135750,135751],{},"You already have a list of strings",[179,135753,135754],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[179,135756,135757,135758,135760],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135759,2175],{}," operators",[20,135762,135763,135764,92],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[289,135765,135767],{"href":135766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[38,135769,135771],{"id":135770},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135773,8995,135774,135776],{},[15,135775,133371],{}," is not working, check these first:",[176,135778,135779,135782,135787,135796,135802],{},[179,135780,135781],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[179,135783,135784,135785],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135786,3901],{},[179,135788,135789,135790,11214,135793],{},"You may have written ",[15,135791,135792],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135794,135795],{},"string.join(...)",[179,135797,135798,135799,135801],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135800,133371],{}," to change the original iterable",[179,135803,135804],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135806,94494],{},[43,135808,135810],{"className":45,"code":135809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135811,135812,135826,135836,135860,135900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135813,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135815,81],{"class":80},[52,135817,85],{"class":84},[52,135819,1930],{"class":1929},[52,135821,85],{"class":84},[52,135823,7934],{"class":88},[52,135825,108],{"class":84},[52,135827,135828,135830,135832,135834],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,135829,81],{"class":80},[52,135831,85],{"class":84},[52,135833,7934],{"class":88},[52,135835,329],{"class":84},[52,135837,135838,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,135839,81],{"class":80},[52,135841,3103],{"class":84},[52,135843,1930],{"class":1929},[52,135845,85],{"class":84},[52,135847,23437],{"class":88},[52,135849,3784],{"class":84},[52,135851,3998],{"class":761},[52,135853,6084],{"class":88},[52,135855,1638],{"class":761},[52,135857,6089],{"class":88},[52,135859,4009],{"class":84},[52,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,135863,81],{"class":80},[52,135865,85],{"class":84},[52,135867,1888],{"class":66},[52,135869,3416],{"class":66},[52,135871,92],{"class":84},[52,135873,133448],{"class":88},[52,135875,3103],{"class":84},[52,135877,1888],{"class":66},[52,135879,289],{"class":70},[52,135881,1888],{"class":66},[52,135883,318],{"class":84},[52,135885,3416],{"class":66},[52,135887,4883],{"class":70},[52,135889,1888],{"class":66},[52,135891,318],{"class":84},[52,135893,3416],{"class":66},[52,135895,9860],{"class":70},[52,135897,1888],{"class":66},[52,135899,3118],{"class":84},[52,135901,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,135903,81],{"class":80},[52,135905,85],{"class":84},[52,135907,1888],{"class":66},[52,135909,2305],{"class":70},[52,135911,1888],{"class":66},[52,135913,92],{"class":84},[52,135915,133448],{"class":88},[52,135917,85],{"class":84},[52,135919,39985],{"class":80},[52,135921,85],{"class":84},[52,135923,3563],{"class":1929},[52,135925,318],{"class":84},[52,135927,3744],{"class":84},[52,135929,3106],{"class":608},[52,135931,318],{"class":84},[52,135933,3111],{"class":608},[52,135935,318],{"class":84},[52,135937,609],{"class":608},[52,135939,37390],{"class":84},[20,135941,135942],{},"What these checks do:",[176,135944,135945,135953,135959,135965,135974],{},[179,135946,135947,135950,135951,8220],{},[15,135948,135949],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135952,7934],{},[179,135954,135955,135958],{},[15,135956,135957],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[179,135960,135961,135964],{},[15,135962,135963],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[179,135966,135967,135970,135971,135973],{},[15,135968,135969],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135972,133371],{}," behavior",[179,135975,135976,135979],{},[15,135977,135978],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[38,135981,1940],{"id":1939},[412,135983,1944,135985,135987],{"id":135984},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135986,133371],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135989,135990,135991,135993,135994,92],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135992,133371],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135995,135996],{},"map(str, values)",[412,135998,1944,136000,57286],{"id":135999},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136001,133371],{},[20,136003,136004],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[412,136006,28454,136008,62756],{"id":136007},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136009,133371],{},[20,136011,42277,136012,136014],{},[15,136013,133371],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[412,136016,5266,136018,40086],{"id":136017},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136019,136020],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136022,136023],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[412,136025,136027,136028,136030,136031,1993],{"id":136026},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136029,3124],{}," when using ",[15,136032,133371],{},[20,136034,136035],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[38,136037,2005],{"id":2004},[176,136039,136040,136045,136051,136057,136063],{},[179,136041,136042],{},[289,136043,136044],{"href":135766},"How to join strings in Python",[179,136046,136047],{},[289,136048,1437,136049,1441],{"href":128976},[15,136050,60654],{},[179,136052,136053],{},[289,136054,3696,136055,3629],{"href":42300},[15,136056,47807],{},[179,136058,136059],{},[289,136060,30473,136061],{"href":135209},[15,136062,135212],{},[179,136064,136065],{},[289,136066,292],{"href":291},[20,136068,97464,136069,136071],{},[15,136070,133371],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2035,136073,136074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":136076},[136077,136078,136080,136083,136090,136100,136108,136118,136125,136126,136138],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":133488,"depth":77,"text":136079},"What join() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":136081},[136082],{"id":49133,"depth":111,"text":49134},{"id":121998,"depth":77,"text":121999,"children":136084},[136085,136086,136087,136088],{"id":133835,"depth":111,"text":133836},{"id":133927,"depth":111,"text":133928},{"id":134028,"depth":111,"text":134029},{"id":134137,"depth":111,"text":136089},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134240,"depth":77,"text":134241,"children":136091},[136092,136094,136096,136098],{"id":134247,"depth":111,"text":136093},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134314,"depth":111,"text":136095},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134403,"depth":111,"text":136097},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134489,"depth":111,"text":136099},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134564,"depth":77,"text":134565,"children":136101},[136102,136103,136104,136106],{"id":134573,"depth":111,"text":134574},{"id":134656,"depth":111,"text":134657},{"id":134810,"depth":111,"text":136105},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134982,"depth":111,"text":136107},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135069,"depth":77,"text":136109,"children":136110},"Common errors with join()",[136111,136113,136115,136116],{"id":135078,"depth":111,"text":136112},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135215,"depth":111,"text":136114},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135359,"depth":111,"text":135360},{"id":135434,"depth":111,"text":136117},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135549,"depth":77,"text":136119,"children":136120},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136121,136123],{"id":135564,"depth":111,"text":136122},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135646,"depth":111,"text":136124},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135770,"depth":77,"text":135771},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":136127},[136128,136130,136132,136134,136136],{"id":135984,"depth":111,"text":136129},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135999,"depth":111,"text":136131},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136007,"depth":111,"text":136133},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136017,"depth":111,"text":136135},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136026,"depth":111,"text":136137},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133363,"description":136139},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136146,"title":136147,"body":136148,"description":137716,"extension":2078,"meta":137717,"navigation":221,"path":137718,"seo":137719,"stem":137720,"__hash__":137721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136149,"toc":137683},[136150,136155,136160,136162,136176,136221,136228,136233,136238,136240,136256,136265,136267,136269,136284,136286,136296,136298,136360,136362,136365,136426,136428,136444,136446,136459,136462,136509,136511,136517,136520,136523,136583,136591,136677,136681,136686,136688,136702,136705,136790,136793,136851,136862,136917,136919,136926,136932,136938,136982,136985,137032,137034,137036,137043,137045,137076,137079,137081,137112,137116,137119,137121,137161,137163,137206,137212,137217,137219,137246,137251,137254,137303,137307,137310,137385,137396,137399,137456,137463,137469,137477,137482,137489,137496,137514,137516,137570,137578,137580,137585,137588,137594,137600,137605,137608,137614,137620,137627,137635,137637,137680],[10,136151,13,136153,18],{"id":136152},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136154,1208],{},[20,136156,22,136157,136159],{},[15,136158,1208],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136161,24214],{},[176,136163,136164,136167,136170,136173],{},[179,136165,136166],{},"convert text to lowercase",[179,136168,136169],{},"compare text without case differences",[179,136171,136172],{},"clean up user input",[179,136174,136175],{},"make simple text matching easier",[43,136177,136179],{"className":45,"code":136178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136180,136181,136194,136208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136182,136183,136185,136187,136189,136192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136184,207],{"class":58},[52,136186,63],{"class":62},[52,136188,67],{"class":66},[52,136190,136191],{"class":70},"Hello WORLD",[52,136193,74],{"class":66},[52,136195,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136197,2346],{"class":58},[52,136199,63],{"class":62},[52,136201,1705],{"class":58},[52,136203,92],{"class":84},[52,136205,1238],{"class":88},[52,136207,8763],{"class":84},[52,136209,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136211,81],{"class":80},[52,136213,85],{"class":84},[52,136215,2381],{"class":88},[52,136217,3784],{"class":84},[52,136219,136220],{"class":1479},"  # hello world\n",[20,136222,136223,89080,136225,136227],{},[3865,136224,83941],{},[15,136226,1208],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[38,136229,166,136231,169],{"id":136230},"what-lower-does",[15,136232,1208],{},[20,136234,136235,136237],{},[15,136236,1208],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136239,13175],{},[176,136241,136242,136247,136250,136253],{},[179,136243,136244,136246],{},[15,136245,1208],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[179,136248,136249],{},"It works on string objects",[179,136251,136252],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[179,136254,136255],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136257,125205,136258,136262,136263,92],{},[289,136259,136261],{"href":136260},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[289,136264,51099],{"href":291},[38,136266,296],{"id":295},[20,136268,2275],{},[43,136270,136272],{"className":45,"code":136271,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.lower()\n",[15,136273,136274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136275,136276,136278,136280,136282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136277,306],{"class":58},[52,136279,92],{"class":84},[52,136281,1238],{"class":88},[52,136283,8763],{"class":84},[20,136285,43775],{},[176,136287,136288,136290,136293],{},[179,136289,97642],{},[179,136291,136292],{},"You call it directly on a string",[179,136294,136295],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136297,197],{},[43,136299,136301],{"className":45,"code":136300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136302,136303,136326,136330,136343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136304,136305,136307,136309,136311,136314,136316,136318,136320,136323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136306,81],{"class":80},[52,136308,85],{"class":84},[52,136310,100],{"class":66},[52,136312,136313],{"class":70},"HELLO",[52,136315,100],{"class":66},[52,136317,92],{"class":84},[52,136319,1238],{"class":88},[52,136321,136322],{"class":84},"())",[52,136324,136325],{"class":1479},"  # hello\n",[52,136327,136328],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136329,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136331,136332,136334,136336,136338,136341],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136333,441],{"class":58},[52,136335,63],{"class":62},[52,136337,67],{"class":66},[52,136339,136340],{"class":70},"PyThOn",[52,136342,74],{"class":66},[52,136344,136345,136347,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136346,81],{"class":80},[52,136348,85],{"class":84},[52,136350,459],{"class":88},[52,136352,92],{"class":84},[52,136354,1238],{"class":88},[52,136356,136322],{"class":84},[52,136358,136359],{"class":1479},"  # python\n",[38,136361,11597],{"id":11596},[20,136363,136364],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[43,136366,136368],{"className":45,"code":136367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136369,136370,136382,136386,136401,136405,136416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136371,136372,136374,136376,136378,136380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136373,207],{"class":58},[52,136375,63],{"class":62},[52,136377,67],{"class":66},[52,136379,136191],{"class":70},[52,136381,74],{"class":66},[52,136383,136384],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136385,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136387,136388,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136389,136390],{"class":58},"lower_text ",[52,136392,63],{"class":62},[52,136394,1705],{"class":58},[52,136396,92],{"class":84},[52,136398,1238],{"class":88},[52,136400,8763],{"class":84},[52,136402,136403],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136404,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136406,136407,136409,136411,136414],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,136408,81],{"class":80},[52,136410,85],{"class":84},[52,136412,136413],{"class":88},"lower_text",[52,136415,329],{"class":84},[52,136417,136418,136420,136422,136424],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,136419,81],{"class":80},[52,136421,85],{"class":84},[52,136423,231],{"class":88},[52,136425,329],{"class":84},[20,136427,135],{},[43,136429,136431],{"className":45,"code":136430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136432,136433,136437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136434,136435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136436,134305],{"class":58},[52,136438,136439,136441],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136440,131705],{"class":58},[52,136442,136443],{"class":841},"WORLD\n",[20,136445,24734],{},[176,136447,136448,136453],{},[179,136449,136450,136452],{},[15,136451,1208],{}," returns the lowercase result",[179,136454,136455,136456,136458],{},"the original ",[15,136457,231],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136460,136461],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[43,136463,136465],{"className":45,"code":136464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136466,136467,136479,136493,136497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136468,136469,136471,136473,136475,136477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136470,207],{"class":58},[52,136472,63],{"class":62},[52,136474,67],{"class":66},[52,136476,136191],{"class":70},[52,136478,74],{"class":66},[52,136480,136481,136483,136485,136487,136489,136491],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136482,207],{"class":58},[52,136484,63],{"class":62},[52,136486,1705],{"class":58},[52,136488,92],{"class":84},[52,136490,1238],{"class":88},[52,136492,8763],{"class":84},[52,136494,136495],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136496,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136498,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136500,81],{"class":80},[52,136502,85],{"class":84},[52,136504,231],{"class":88},[52,136506,3784],{"class":84},[52,136508,136220],{"class":1479},[38,136510,710],{"id":709},[20,136512,136513,22101,136515,92],{},[15,136514,1208],{},[3865,136516,306],{},[20,136518,136519],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136521,136522],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[43,136524,136526],{"className":45,"code":136525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136527,136528,136542,136546,136569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136529,136530,136533,136535,136537,136540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136531,136532],{"class":58},"answer ",[52,136534,63],{"class":62},[52,136536,67],{"class":66},[52,136538,136539],{"class":70},"YES",[52,136541,74],{"class":66},[52,136543,136544],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136545,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136547,136548,136550,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136549,733],{"class":761},[52,136551,136552],{"class":58}," answer",[52,136554,92],{"class":84},[52,136556,1238],{"class":88},[52,136558,7489],{"class":84},[52,136560,6531],{"class":62},[52,136562,67],{"class":66},[52,136564,8778],{"class":70},[52,136566,100],{"class":66},[52,136568,804],{"class":84},[52,136570,136571,136573,136575,136577,136579,136581],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136572,784],{"class":80},[52,136574,85],{"class":84},[52,136576,100],{"class":66},[52,136578,96951],{"class":70},[52,136580,100],{"class":66},[52,136582,329],{"class":84},[20,136584,136585,136586,174],{},"This is especially useful with ",[289,136587,136588,136589,2420],{"href":8343},"the ",[15,136590,3075],{},[43,136592,136594],{"className":45,"code":136593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136595,136596,136615,136619,136641,136656,136662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136597,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606,136608,136611,136613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136599,136532],{"class":58},[52,136601,63],{"class":62},[52,136603,8366],{"class":80},[52,136605,85],{"class":84},[52,136607,100],{"class":66},[52,136609,136610],{"class":70},"Type yes or no: ",[52,136612,100],{"class":66},[52,136614,329],{"class":84},[52,136616,136617],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136618,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136620,136621,136623,136625,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637,136639],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136622,733],{"class":761},[52,136624,136552],{"class":58},[52,136626,92],{"class":84},[52,136628,1238],{"class":88},[52,136630,7489],{"class":84},[52,136632,6531],{"class":62},[52,136634,67],{"class":66},[52,136636,8778],{"class":70},[52,136638,100],{"class":66},[52,136640,804],{"class":84},[52,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649,136652,136654],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136644,784],{"class":80},[52,136646,85],{"class":84},[52,136648,100],{"class":66},[52,136650,136651],{"class":70},"You typed yes",[52,136653,100],{"class":66},[52,136655,329],{"class":84},[52,136657,136658,136660],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,136659,801],{"class":761},[52,136661,804],{"class":84},[52,136663,136664,136666,136668,136670,136673,136675],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,136665,784],{"class":80},[52,136667,85],{"class":84},[52,136669,100],{"class":66},[52,136671,136672],{"class":70},"You typed something else",[52,136674,100],{"class":66},[52,136676,329],{"class":84},[38,136678,136680],{"id":136679},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136682,136683,136685],{},[15,136684,1208],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136687,7466],{},[176,136689,136690,136693,136696,136699],{},[179,136691,136692],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[179,136694,136695],{},"Make text matching easier",[179,136697,136698],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[179,136700,136701],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136703,136704],{},"Example: checking user input",[43,136706,136708],{"className":45,"code":136707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136709,136710,136728,136732,136754,136769,136775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136711,136712,136714,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136713,45081],{"class":58},[52,136715,63],{"class":62},[52,136717,8366],{"class":80},[52,136719,85],{"class":84},[52,136721,100],{"class":66},[52,136723,45092],{"class":70},[52,136725,100],{"class":66},[52,136727,329],{"class":84},[52,136729,136730],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136731,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136733,136734,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750,136752],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136735,733],{"class":761},[52,136737,35977],{"class":58},[52,136739,92],{"class":84},[52,136741,1238],{"class":88},[52,136743,7489],{"class":84},[52,136745,6531],{"class":62},[52,136747,67],{"class":66},[52,136749,13233],{"class":70},[52,136751,100],{"class":66},[52,136753,804],{"class":84},[52,136755,136756,136758,136760,136762,136765,136767],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136757,784],{"class":80},[52,136759,85],{"class":84},[52,136761,100],{"class":66},[52,136763,136764],{"class":70},"Nice choice!",[52,136766,100],{"class":66},[52,136768,329],{"class":84},[52,136770,136771,136773],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,136772,801],{"class":761},[52,136774,804],{"class":84},[52,136776,136777,136779,136781,136783,136786,136788],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,136778,784],{"class":80},[52,136780,85],{"class":84},[52,136782,100],{"class":66},[52,136784,136785],{"class":70},"Got it.",[52,136787,100],{"class":66},[52,136789,329],{"class":84},[20,136791,136792],{},"Example: simple search",[43,136794,136796],{"className":45,"code":136795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136797,136798,136811,136815,136836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136799,136800,136802,136804,136806,136809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136801,978],{"class":58},[52,136803,63],{"class":62},[52,136805,67],{"class":66},[52,136807,136808],{"class":70},"Python Is Fun",[52,136810,74],{"class":66},[52,136812,136813],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136814,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136816,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825,136827,136830,136832,136834],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136818,733],{"class":761},[52,136820,67],{"class":66},[52,136822,47],{"class":70},[52,136824,100],{"class":66},[52,136826,1702],{"class":62},[52,136828,136829],{"class":58}," message",[52,136831,92],{"class":84},[52,136833,1238],{"class":88},[52,136835,21721],{"class":84},[52,136837,136838,136840,136842,136844,136847,136849],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136839,784],{"class":80},[52,136841,85],{"class":84},[52,136843,100],{"class":66},[52,136845,136846],{"class":70},"Found it",[52,136848,100],{"class":66},[52,136850,329],{"class":84},[20,136852,136853,136854,136856,136857,174],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136855,1208],{}," is often used with ",[289,136858,136860],{"href":136859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136861,1837],{},[43,136863,136865],{"className":45,"code":136864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136866,136867,136880,136899,136903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136868,136869,136871,136873,136875,136878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136870,441],{"class":58},[52,136872,63],{"class":62},[52,136874,67],{"class":66},[52,136876,136877],{"class":70},"  ALICE  ",[52,136879,74],{"class":66},[52,136881,136882,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136883,136884],{"class":58},"clean_name ",[52,136886,63],{"class":62},[52,136888,36118],{"class":58},[52,136890,92],{"class":84},[52,136892,8756],{"class":88},[52,136894,1241],{"class":84},[52,136896,1238],{"class":88},[52,136898,8763],{"class":84},[52,136900,136901],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136902,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136904,136905,136907,136909,136912,136914],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136906,81],{"class":80},[52,136908,85],{"class":84},[52,136910,136911],{"class":88},"clean_name",[52,136913,3784],{"class":84},[52,136915,136916],{"class":1479},"  # alice\n",[38,136918,15721],{"id":15720},[20,136920,136921,136922,136925],{},"Strings are ",[3865,136923,136924],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136927,136928,136929,136931],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136930,1208],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136933,136934,136935,136937],{},"So this does ",[3865,136936,4752],{}," update the original variable:",[43,136939,136941],{"className":45,"code":136940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136942,136943,136955,136965,136969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136944,136945,136947,136949,136951,136953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136946,207],{"class":58},[52,136948,63],{"class":62},[52,136950,67],{"class":66},[52,136952,136313],{"class":70},[52,136954,74],{"class":66},[52,136956,136957,136959,136961,136963],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,136958,231],{"class":58},[52,136960,92],{"class":84},[52,136962,1238],{"class":88},[52,136964,8763],{"class":84},[52,136966,136967],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,136968,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,136970,136971,136973,136975,136977,136979],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,136972,81],{"class":80},[52,136974,85],{"class":84},[52,136976,231],{"class":88},[52,136978,3784],{"class":84},[52,136980,136981],{"class":1479},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136983,136984],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[43,136986,136988],{"className":45,"code":136987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136989,136990,137002,137016,137020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136991,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136993,207],{"class":58},[52,136995,63],{"class":62},[52,136997,67],{"class":66},[52,136999,136313],{"class":70},[52,137001,74],{"class":66},[52,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137005,207],{"class":58},[52,137007,63],{"class":62},[52,137009,1705],{"class":58},[52,137011,92],{"class":84},[52,137013,1238],{"class":88},[52,137015,8763],{"class":84},[52,137017,137018],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137019,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,137021,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,137023,81],{"class":80},[52,137025,85],{"class":84},[52,137027,231],{"class":88},[52,137029,3784],{"class":84},[52,137031,136325],{"class":1479},[38,137033,1445],{"id":1444},[412,137035,25813],{"id":25812},[20,137037,137038,137039,11214,137041,92],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137040,1238],{},[15,137042,1208],{},[20,137044,16769],{},[43,137046,137048],{"className":45,"code":137047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137049,137050,137062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137051,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137053,207],{"class":58},[52,137055,63],{"class":62},[52,137057,67],{"class":66},[52,137059,136313],{"class":70},[52,137061,74],{"class":66},[52,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137072,137074],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137065,81],{"class":80},[52,137067,85],{"class":84},[52,137069,231],{"class":88},[52,137071,92],{"class":84},[52,137073,1238],{"class":1803},[52,137075,329],{"class":84},[20,137077,137078],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137080,16781],{},[43,137082,137084],{"className":45,"code":137083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137085,137086,137098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137087,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137089,207],{"class":58},[52,137091,63],{"class":62},[52,137093,67],{"class":66},[52,137095,136313],{"class":70},[52,137097,74],{"class":66},[52,137099,137100,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137101,81],{"class":80},[52,137103,85],{"class":84},[52,137105,231],{"class":88},[52,137107,92],{"class":84},[52,137109,1238],{"class":88},[52,137111,7317],{"class":84},[412,137113,137115],{"id":137114},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137117,137118],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137120,16769],{},[43,137122,137124],{"className":45,"code":137123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137125,137126,137138,137148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137127,137128,137130,137132,137134,137136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137129,207],{"class":58},[52,137131,63],{"class":62},[52,137133,67],{"class":66},[52,137135,136313],{"class":70},[52,137137,74],{"class":66},[52,137139,137140,137142,137144,137146],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137141,231],{"class":58},[52,137143,92],{"class":84},[52,137145,1238],{"class":88},[52,137147,8763],{"class":84},[52,137149,137150,137152,137154,137156,137158],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137151,81],{"class":80},[52,137153,85],{"class":84},[52,137155,231],{"class":88},[52,137157,3784],{"class":84},[52,137159,137160],{"class":1479},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137162,16781],{},[43,137164,137166],{"className":45,"code":137165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137167,137168,137180,137194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137171,207],{"class":58},[52,137173,63],{"class":62},[52,137175,67],{"class":66},[52,137177,136313],{"class":70},[52,137179,74],{"class":66},[52,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188,137190,137192],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137183,207],{"class":58},[52,137185,63],{"class":62},[52,137187,1705],{"class":58},[52,137189,92],{"class":84},[52,137191,1238],{"class":88},[52,137193,8763],{"class":84},[52,137195,137196,137198,137200,137202,137204],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137197,81],{"class":80},[52,137199,85],{"class":84},[52,137201,231],{"class":88},[52,137203,3784],{"class":84},[52,137205,136325],{"class":1479},[412,137207,1828,137209,137211],{"id":137208},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137210,1208],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137213,137214,137216],{},[15,137215,1208],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137218,16769],{},[43,137220,137222],{"className":45,"code":137221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137223,137224,137232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137225,137226,137228,137230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137227,2333],{"class":58},[52,137229,63],{"class":62},[52,137231,125135],{"class":608},[52,137233,137234,137236,137238,137240,137242,137244],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137235,81],{"class":80},[52,137237,85],{"class":84},[52,137239,2356],{"class":88},[52,137241,92],{"class":84},[52,137243,1238],{"class":88},[52,137245,7317],{"class":84},[20,137247,137248,137249,33727],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137250,1208],{},[20,137252,137253],{},"You can check the type first:",[43,137255,137257],{"className":45,"code":137256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137258,137259,137271,137275,137289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137260,137261,137263,137265,137267,137269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137262,207],{"class":58},[52,137264,63],{"class":62},[52,137266,67],{"class":66},[52,137268,136313],{"class":70},[52,137270,74],{"class":66},[52,137272,137273],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137274,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137278,81],{"class":80},[52,137280,85],{"class":84},[52,137282,1930],{"class":1929},[52,137284,85],{"class":84},[52,137286,231],{"class":88},[52,137288,108],{"class":84},[52,137290,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299,137301],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,137292,81],{"class":80},[52,137294,85],{"class":84},[52,137296,231],{"class":88},[52,137298,92],{"class":84},[52,137300,1238],{"class":88},[52,137302,7317],{"class":84},[412,137304,137306],{"id":137305},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137308,137309],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[43,137311,137313],{"className":45,"code":137312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137314,137315,137328,137332,137349,137364,137370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137316,137317,137319,137321,137323,137326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137318,136532],{"class":58},[52,137320,63],{"class":62},[52,137322,67],{"class":66},[52,137324,137325],{"class":70},"Yes",[52,137327,74],{"class":66},[52,137329,137330],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137331,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,137333,137334,137336,137339,137341,137343,137345,137347],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137335,733],{"class":761},[52,137337,137338],{"class":58}," answer ",[52,137340,4810],{"class":62},[52,137342,67],{"class":66},[52,137344,8778],{"class":70},[52,137346,100],{"class":66},[52,137348,804],{"class":84},[52,137350,137351,137353,137355,137357,137360,137362],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,137352,784],{"class":80},[52,137354,85],{"class":84},[52,137356,100],{"class":66},[52,137358,137359],{"class":70},"Match",[52,137361,100],{"class":66},[52,137363,329],{"class":84},[52,137365,137366,137368],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,137367,801],{"class":761},[52,137369,804],{"class":84},[52,137371,137372,137374,137376,137378,137381,137383],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,137373,784],{"class":80},[52,137375,85],{"class":84},[52,137377,100],{"class":66},[52,137379,137380],{"class":70},"No match",[52,137382,100],{"class":66},[52,137384,329],{"class":84},[20,137386,29187,137387,342,137390,137393,137394,92],{},[15,137388,137389],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137391,137392],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137395,137380],{},[20,137397,137398],{},"Better:",[43,137400,137402],{"className":45,"code":137401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137403,137404,137416,137420,137442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137405,137406,137408,137410,137412,137414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137407,136532],{"class":58},[52,137409,63],{"class":62},[52,137411,67],{"class":66},[52,137413,137325],{"class":70},[52,137415,74],{"class":66},[52,137417,137418],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137419,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,137421,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137423,733],{"class":761},[52,137425,136552],{"class":58},[52,137427,92],{"class":84},[52,137429,1238],{"class":88},[52,137431,7489],{"class":84},[52,137433,6531],{"class":62},[52,137435,67],{"class":66},[52,137437,8778],{"class":70},[52,137439,100],{"class":66},[52,137441,804],{"class":84},[52,137443,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,137445,784],{"class":80},[52,137447,85],{"class":84},[52,137449,100],{"class":66},[52,137451,137359],{"class":70},[52,137453,100],{"class":66},[52,137455,329],{"class":84},[412,137457,44337,137459,137462],{"id":137458},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137460,137461],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137464,137465,137466,137468],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137467,1208],{}," is enough.",[20,137470,137471,137472,137474,137475,92],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137473,137461],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137476,1208],{},[20,137478,137479,137480,122709],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137481,1208],{},[38,137483,137485,10707,137487],{"id":137484},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137486,1208],{},[15,137488,1982],{},[20,137490,137491,342,137493,137495],{},[15,137492,1208],{},[15,137494,1982],{}," are very similar.",[176,137497,137498,137503,137508,137511],{},[179,137499,137500,137502],{},[15,137501,1208],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[179,137504,137505,137507],{},[15,137506,1982],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[179,137509,137510],{},"Both return new strings",[179,137512,137513],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137515,197],{},[43,137517,137519],{"className":45,"code":137518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137520,137521,137533,137537,137553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137522,137523,137525,137527,137529,137531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137524,207],{"class":58},[52,137526,63],{"class":62},[52,137528,67],{"class":66},[52,137530,129008],{"class":70},[52,137532,74],{"class":66},[52,137534,137535],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137536,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,137538,137539,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137540,81],{"class":80},[52,137542,85],{"class":84},[52,137544,231],{"class":88},[52,137546,92],{"class":84},[52,137548,1238],{"class":88},[52,137550,136322],{"class":84},[52,137552,136220],{"class":1479},[52,137554,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565,137567],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,137556,81],{"class":80},[52,137558,85],{"class":84},[52,137560,231],{"class":88},[52,137562,92],{"class":84},[52,137564,34604],{"class":88},[52,137566,136322],{"class":84},[52,137568,137569],{"class":1479},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137571,137572,137573,92],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[289,137574,1437,137576,1441],{"href":137575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137577,1982],{},[38,137579,1940],{"id":1939},[412,137581,1944,137583,124783],{"id":137582},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137584,1208],{},[20,137586,137587],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[412,137589,1944,137591,137593],{"id":137590},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137592,1208],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137595,137596,137597,92],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137598,137599],{},"string.lower()",[412,137601,5266,137603,12838],{"id":137602},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137604,1208],{},[20,137606,137607],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[412,137609,28454,137611,137613],{"id":137610},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137612,1208],{}," on user input?",[20,137615,137616,137617,137619],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137618,3075],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[412,137621,1987,137623,342,137625,1993],{"id":137622},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137624,1208],{},[15,137626,137461],{},[20,137628,137629,137631,137632,137634],{},[15,137630,1208],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137633,137461],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[38,137636,2005],{"id":2004},[176,137638,137639,137643,137649,137655,137661,137665,137669,137675],{},[179,137640,137641],{},[289,137642,51099],{"href":291},[179,137644,137645],{},[289,137646,1437,137647,1441],{"href":137575},[15,137648,1982],{},[179,137650,137651],{},[289,137652,1437,137653,1441],{"href":136859},[15,137654,1837],{},[179,137656,137657],{},[289,137658,1437,137659,1441],{"href":129870},[15,137660,1834],{},[179,137662,137663],{},[289,137664,2024],{"href":1097},[179,137666,137667],{},[289,137668,90797],{"href":89809},[179,137670,137671],{},[289,137672,3696,137673,3629],{"href":8343},[15,137674,3075],{},[179,137676,137677],{},[289,137678,137679],{"href":136260},"What is a string in Python?",[2035,137681,137682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":137684},[137685,137687,137688,137689,137690,137691,137692,137701,137703,137715],{"id":136230,"depth":77,"text":137686},"What lower() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":136679,"depth":77,"text":136680},{"id":15720,"depth":77,"text":15721},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":137693},[137694,137695,137696,137698,137699],{"id":25812,"depth":111,"text":25813},{"id":137114,"depth":111,"text":137115},{"id":137208,"depth":111,"text":137697},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137305,"depth":111,"text":137306},{"id":137458,"depth":111,"text":137700},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137484,"depth":77,"text":137702},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":137704},[137705,137707,137709,137711,137713],{"id":137582,"depth":111,"text":137706},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137590,"depth":111,"text":137708},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137602,"depth":111,"text":137710},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137610,"depth":111,"text":137712},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137622,"depth":111,"text":137714},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136147,"description":137716},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137723,"title":137724,"body":137725,"description":139275,"extension":2078,"meta":139276,"navigation":221,"path":139277,"seo":139278,"stem":139279,"__hash__":139280},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137726,"toc":139236},[137727,137732,137737,137743,137758,137760,137820,137822,137831,137837,137842,137847,137849,137863,137867,137869,137916,137918,137936,137938,137941,138012,138014,138028,138031,138043,138052,138056,138061,138066,138070,138136,138138,138147,138151,138216,138218,138227,138230,138235,138239,138244,138248,138309,138311,138320,138324,138327,138383,138385,138394,138397,138410,138412,138416,138423,138485,138487,138500,138506,138509,138516,138521,138526,138529,138537,138539,138600,138602,138611,138614,138661,138664,138711,138713,138718,138735,138742,138747,138800,138802,138810,138812,138869,138871,138879,138883,138930,138932,138940,138948,138952,139000,139002,139011,139016,139067,139069,139078,139085,139088,139109,139111,139116,139119,139123,139126,139130,139133,139160,139166,139169,139196,139201,139203,139205,139233],[10,137728,13,137730,18],{"id":137729},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137731,1834],{},[20,137733,22,137734,137736],{},[15,137735,1834],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137738,137739,137740,137742],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137741,1834],{},". You will learn:",[176,137744,137745,137749,137752,137755],{},[179,137746,26145,137747,169],{},[15,137748,1834],{},[179,137750,137751],{},"how its syntax works",[179,137753,137754],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[179,137756,137757],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[38,137759,41],{"id":40},[43,137761,137763],{"className":45,"code":137762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137764,137765,137778,137810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137766,137767,137769,137771,137773,137776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137768,207],{"class":58},[52,137770,63],{"class":62},[52,137772,67],{"class":66},[52,137774,137775],{"class":70},"I like cats",[52,137777,74],{"class":66},[52,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790,137792,137794,137797,137799,137801,137803,137806,137808],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137781,130128],{"class":58},[52,137783,63],{"class":62},[52,137785,1705],{"class":58},[52,137787,92],{"class":84},[52,137789,35124],{"class":88},[52,137791,85],{"class":84},[52,137793,100],{"class":66},[52,137795,137796],{"class":70},"cats",[52,137798,100],{"class":66},[52,137800,318],{"class":84},[52,137802,67],{"class":66},[52,137804,137805],{"class":70},"dogs",[52,137807,100],{"class":66},[52,137809,329],{"class":84},[52,137811,137812,137814,137816,137818],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137813,81],{"class":80},[52,137815,85],{"class":84},[52,137817,130159],{"class":88},[52,137819,329],{"class":84},[20,137821,135],{},[43,137823,137825],{"className":45,"code":137824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like dogs\n",[15,137826,137827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137828,137829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137830,137824],{"class":58},[20,137832,154,137833,137836],{},[15,137834,137835],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[38,137838,166,137840,169],{"id":137839},"what-replace-does",[15,137841,1834],{},[20,137843,137844,137846],{},[15,137845,1834],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137848,13175],{},[176,137850,137851,137853,137855,137858],{},[179,137852,133537],{},[179,137854,136255],{},[179,137856,137857],{},"It works on exact matches",[179,137859,137860,137861],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137862,41386],{},[20,137864,125205,137865,92],{},[289,137866,292],{"href":291},[38,137868,5554],{"id":5553},[43,137870,137872],{"className":45,"code":137871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137873,137874,137894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137875,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137887,137889,137892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137877,306],{"class":58},[52,137879,92],{"class":84},[52,137881,35124],{"class":88},[52,137883,85],{"class":84},[52,137885,137886],{"class":88},"old",[52,137888,318],{"class":84},[52,137890,137891],{"class":88}," new",[52,137893,329],{"class":84},[52,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904,137906,137908,137910,137912,137914],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137897,306],{"class":58},[52,137899,92],{"class":84},[52,137901,35124],{"class":88},[52,137903,85],{"class":84},[52,137905,137886],{"class":88},[52,137907,318],{"class":84},[52,137909,137891],{"class":88},[52,137911,318],{"class":84},[52,137913,49726],{"class":88},[52,137915,329],{"class":84},[412,137917,17521],{"id":17520},[176,137919,137920,137925,137931],{},[179,137921,137922,137924],{},[15,137923,137886],{}," = the text to find",[179,137926,137927,137930],{},[15,137928,137929],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[179,137932,137933,137935],{},[15,137934,41386],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[38,137937,5910],{"id":5909},[20,137939,137940],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[43,137942,137944],{"className":45,"code":137943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137945,137946,137958,137988,137992,138002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137947,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137949,207],{"class":58},[52,137951,63],{"class":62},[52,137953,67],{"class":66},[52,137955,137775],{"class":70},[52,137957,74],{"class":66},[52,137959,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,137961,130128],{"class":58},[52,137963,63],{"class":62},[52,137965,1705],{"class":58},[52,137967,92],{"class":84},[52,137969,35124],{"class":88},[52,137971,85],{"class":84},[52,137973,100],{"class":66},[52,137975,137796],{"class":70},[52,137977,100],{"class":66},[52,137979,318],{"class":84},[52,137981,67],{"class":66},[52,137983,137805],{"class":70},[52,137985,100],{"class":66},[52,137987,329],{"class":84},[52,137989,137990],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,137991,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,137993,137994,137996,137998,138000],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,137995,81],{"class":80},[52,137997,85],{"class":84},[52,137999,231],{"class":88},[52,138001,329],{"class":84},[52,138003,138004,138006,138008,138010],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,138005,81],{"class":80},[52,138007,85],{"class":84},[52,138009,130159],{"class":88},[52,138011,329],{"class":84},[20,138013,135],{},[43,138015,138017],{"className":45,"code":138016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138018,138019,138024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138020,138021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138022,138023],{"class":58},"I like cats\n",[52,138025,138026],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138027,137824],{"class":58},[20,138029,138030],{},"Notice what happened:",[176,138032,138033,138038],{},[179,138034,138035,138037],{},[15,138036,231],{}," did not change",[179,138039,138040,138042],{},[15,138041,130159],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138044,138045,138046,138048,138049,138051],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3865,138047,136924],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138050,1834],{}," return a new string instead.",[38,138053,138055],{"id":138054},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138057,89818,138058,138060],{},[15,138059,1834],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138062,138063,138064,36747],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138065,41386],{},[412,138067,138069],{"id":138068},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[43,138071,138073],{"className":45,"code":138072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138074,138075,138088,138122,138126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138076,138077,138079,138081,138083,138086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138078,207],{"class":58},[52,138080,63],{"class":62},[52,138082,67],{"class":66},[52,138084,138085],{"class":70},"cat cat cat",[52,138087,74],{"class":66},[52,138089,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138091,2346],{"class":58},[52,138093,63],{"class":62},[52,138095,1705],{"class":58},[52,138097,92],{"class":84},[52,138099,35124],{"class":88},[52,138101,85],{"class":84},[52,138103,100],{"class":66},[52,138105,37173],{"class":70},[52,138107,100],{"class":66},[52,138109,318],{"class":84},[52,138111,67],{"class":66},[52,138113,58250],{"class":70},[52,138115,100],{"class":66},[52,138117,318],{"class":84},[52,138119,5621],{"class":608},[52,138121,329],{"class":84},[52,138123,138124],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138125,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,138127,138128,138130,138132,138134],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,138129,81],{"class":80},[52,138131,85],{"class":84},[52,138133,2381],{"class":88},[52,138135,329],{"class":84},[20,138137,135],{},[43,138139,138141],{"className":45,"code":138140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138142,138143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138144,138145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138146,138140],{"class":58},[412,138148,138150],{"id":138149},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[43,138152,138154],{"className":45,"code":138153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138155,138156,138168,138202,138206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138157,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138159,207],{"class":58},[52,138161,63],{"class":62},[52,138163,67],{"class":66},[52,138165,138085],{"class":70},[52,138167,74],{"class":66},[52,138169,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184,138186,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198,138200],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138171,2346],{"class":58},[52,138173,63],{"class":62},[52,138175,1705],{"class":58},[52,138177,92],{"class":84},[52,138179,35124],{"class":88},[52,138181,85],{"class":84},[52,138183,100],{"class":66},[52,138185,37173],{"class":70},[52,138187,100],{"class":66},[52,138189,318],{"class":84},[52,138191,67],{"class":66},[52,138193,58250],{"class":70},[52,138195,100],{"class":66},[52,138197,318],{"class":84},[52,138199,3111],{"class":608},[52,138201,329],{"class":84},[52,138203,138204],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138205,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,138207,138208,138210,138212,138214],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,138209,81],{"class":80},[52,138211,85],{"class":84},[52,138213,2381],{"class":88},[52,138215,329],{"class":84},[20,138217,135],{},[43,138219,138221],{"className":45,"code":138220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138222,138223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138224,138225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138226,138220],{"class":58},[20,138228,138229],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138231,138232,138233,92],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[289,138234,1811],{"href":1810},[38,138236,138238],{"id":138237},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138240,138241,138243],{},[15,138242,1834],{}," can also change single characters.",[412,138245,138247],{"id":138246},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[43,138249,138251],{"className":45,"code":138250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138252,138253,138265,138295,138299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138254,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138256,207],{"class":58},[52,138258,63],{"class":62},[52,138260,67],{"class":66},[52,138262,4208],{"class":70},[52,138264,74],{"class":66},[52,138266,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138268,2346],{"class":58},[52,138270,63],{"class":62},[52,138272,1705],{"class":58},[52,138274,92],{"class":84},[52,138276,35124],{"class":88},[52,138278,85],{"class":84},[52,138280,100],{"class":66},[52,138282,289],{"class":70},[52,138284,100],{"class":66},[52,138286,318],{"class":84},[52,138288,67],{"class":66},[52,138290,60596],{"class":70},[52,138292,100],{"class":66},[52,138294,329],{"class":84},[52,138296,138297],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138298,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,138300,138301,138303,138305,138307],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,138302,81],{"class":80},[52,138304,85],{"class":84},[52,138306,2381],{"class":88},[52,138308,329],{"class":84},[20,138310,135],{},[43,138312,138314],{"className":45,"code":138313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bonono\n",[15,138315,138316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138317,138318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138319,138313],{"class":58},[412,138321,138323],{"id":138322},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138325,138326],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[43,138328,138330],{"className":45,"code":138329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138331,138332,138345,138369,138373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138333,138334,138336,138338,138340,138343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138335,207],{"class":58},[52,138337,63],{"class":62},[52,138339,67],{"class":66},[52,138341,138342],{"class":70},"a b c",[52,138344,74],{"class":66},[52,138346,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138348,2346],{"class":58},[52,138350,63],{"class":62},[52,138352,1705],{"class":58},[52,138354,92],{"class":84},[52,138356,35124],{"class":88},[52,138358,85],{"class":84},[52,138360,100],{"class":66},[52,138362,67],{"class":66},[52,138364,318],{"class":84},[52,138366,6249],{"class":66},[52,138368,329],{"class":84},[52,138370,138371],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138372,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,138374,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,138376,81],{"class":80},[52,138378,85],{"class":84},[52,138380,2381],{"class":88},[52,138382,329],{"class":84},[20,138384,135],{},[43,138386,138388],{"className":45,"code":138387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abc\n",[15,138389,138390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138391,138392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138393,138387],{"class":58},[20,138395,138396],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138398,138399,138400,138404,138405,138409],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[289,138401,1437,138402,1441],{"href":128976},[15,138403,60654],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[289,138406,1437,138407,1441],{"href":136859},[15,138408,1837],{}," is often a better choice.",[38,138411,1102],{"id":1101},[20,138413,138414,1107],{},[15,138415,1834],{},[20,138417,1110,138418,342,138420,1117],{},[15,138419,113152],{},[15,138421,138422],{},"\"Cat\"",[43,138424,138426],{"className":45,"code":138425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138427,138428,138441,138471,138475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138429,138430,138432,138434,138436,138439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138431,207],{"class":58},[52,138433,63],{"class":62},[52,138435,67],{"class":66},[52,138437,138438],{"class":70},"Cat cat CAT",[52,138440,74],{"class":66},[52,138442,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138444,2346],{"class":58},[52,138446,63],{"class":62},[52,138448,1705],{"class":58},[52,138450,92],{"class":84},[52,138452,35124],{"class":88},[52,138454,85],{"class":84},[52,138456,100],{"class":66},[52,138458,37173],{"class":70},[52,138460,100],{"class":66},[52,138462,318],{"class":84},[52,138464,67],{"class":66},[52,138466,58250],{"class":70},[52,138468,100],{"class":66},[52,138470,329],{"class":84},[52,138472,138473],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138474,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,138476,138477,138479,138481,138483],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,138478,81],{"class":80},[52,138480,85],{"class":84},[52,138482,2381],{"class":88},[52,138484,329],{"class":84},[20,138486,135],{},[43,138488,138490],{"className":45,"code":138489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138491,138492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138493,138494,138497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138495,138496],{"class":58},"Cat dog ",[52,138498,138499],{"class":841},"CAT\n",[20,138501,138502,138503,138505],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138504,113152],{}," was replaced.",[20,138507,138508],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138510,138511,138512,92],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[289,138513,1437,138514,1441],{"href":1205},[15,138515,1208],{},[38,138517,166,138519,11828],{"id":138518},"what-replace-returns",[15,138520,1834],{},[20,138522,138523,138525],{},[15,138524,1834],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138527,138528],{},"If no match is found:",[176,138530,138531,138534],{},[179,138532,138533],{},"no error happens",[179,138535,138536],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138538,197],{},[43,138540,138542],{"className":45,"code":138541,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138543,138544,138556,138586,138590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138545,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138547,207],{"class":58},[52,138549,63],{"class":62},[52,138551,67],{"class":66},[52,138553,266],{"class":70},[52,138555,74],{"class":66},[52,138557,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138559,2346],{"class":58},[52,138561,63],{"class":62},[52,138563,1705],{"class":58},[52,138565,92],{"class":84},[52,138567,35124],{"class":88},[52,138569,85],{"class":84},[52,138571,100],{"class":66},[52,138573,2289],{"class":70},[52,138575,100],{"class":66},[52,138577,318],{"class":84},[52,138579,67],{"class":66},[52,138581,11868],{"class":70},[52,138583,100],{"class":66},[52,138585,329],{"class":84},[52,138587,138588],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138589,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,138591,138592,138594,138596,138598],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,138593,81],{"class":80},[52,138595,85],{"class":84},[52,138597,2381],{"class":88},[52,138599,329],{"class":84},[20,138601,135],{},[43,138603,138605],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello\n",[15,138606,138607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138608,138609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138610,138604],{"class":58},[20,138612,138613],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[43,138615,138617],{"className":45,"code":138616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138618,138619,138631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138620,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138622,207],{"class":58},[52,138624,63],{"class":62},[52,138626,67],{"class":66},[52,138628,214],{"class":70},[52,138630,74],{"class":66},[52,138632,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138634,130128],{"class":58},[52,138636,63],{"class":62},[52,138638,1705],{"class":58},[52,138640,92],{"class":84},[52,138642,35124],{"class":88},[52,138644,85],{"class":84},[52,138646,100],{"class":66},[52,138648,242],{"class":70},[52,138650,100],{"class":66},[52,138652,318],{"class":84},[52,138654,67],{"class":66},[52,138656,7420],{"class":70},[52,138658,100],{"class":66},[52,138660,329],{"class":84},[20,138662,138663],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[43,138665,138667],{"className":45,"code":138666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138668,138669,138681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138670,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138672,207],{"class":58},[52,138674,63],{"class":62},[52,138676,67],{"class":66},[52,138678,214],{"class":70},[52,138680,74],{"class":66},[52,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138684,207],{"class":58},[52,138686,63],{"class":62},[52,138688,1705],{"class":58},[52,138690,92],{"class":84},[52,138692,35124],{"class":88},[52,138694,85],{"class":84},[52,138696,100],{"class":66},[52,138698,242],{"class":70},[52,138700,100],{"class":66},[52,138702,318],{"class":84},[52,138704,67],{"class":66},[52,138706,7420],{"class":70},[52,138708,100],{"class":66},[52,138710,329],{"class":84},[38,138712,4640],{"id":4639},[20,138714,138715,138716,174],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138717,1834],{},[176,138719,138720,138723,138727,138730],{},[179,138721,138722],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[179,138724,1725,138725,131509],{},[15,138726,1834],{},[179,138728,138729],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[179,138731,1632,138732,138734],{},[15,138733,1834],{}," with regex-based replacements",[412,138736,138738,138739,138741],{"id":138737},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138740,1834],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138743,138744,138745,174],{},"This does not update ",[15,138746,231],{},[43,138748,138750],{"className":45,"code":138749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138751,138752,138764,138790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138753,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138755,207],{"class":58},[52,138757,63],{"class":62},[52,138759,67],{"class":66},[52,138761,137775],{"class":70},[52,138763,74],{"class":66},[52,138765,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138767,231],{"class":58},[52,138769,92],{"class":84},[52,138771,35124],{"class":88},[52,138773,85],{"class":84},[52,138775,100],{"class":66},[52,138777,137796],{"class":70},[52,138779,100],{"class":66},[52,138781,318],{"class":84},[52,138783,67],{"class":66},[52,138785,137805],{"class":70},[52,138787,100],{"class":66},[52,138789,329],{"class":84},[52,138791,138792,138794,138796,138798],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138793,81],{"class":80},[52,138795,85],{"class":84},[52,138797,231],{"class":88},[52,138799,329],{"class":84},[20,138801,135],{},[43,138803,138804],{"className":45,"code":138023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138805,138806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138807,138808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138809,138023],{"class":58},[20,138811,10929],{},[43,138813,138815],{"className":45,"code":138814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138816,138817,138829,138859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138818,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138820,207],{"class":58},[52,138822,63],{"class":62},[52,138824,67],{"class":66},[52,138826,137775],{"class":70},[52,138828,74],{"class":66},[52,138830,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138832,207],{"class":58},[52,138834,63],{"class":62},[52,138836,1705],{"class":58},[52,138838,92],{"class":84},[52,138840,35124],{"class":88},[52,138842,85],{"class":84},[52,138844,100],{"class":66},[52,138846,137796],{"class":70},[52,138848,100],{"class":66},[52,138850,318],{"class":84},[52,138852,67],{"class":66},[52,138854,137805],{"class":70},[52,138856,100],{"class":66},[52,138858,329],{"class":84},[52,138860,138861,138863,138865,138867],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,138862,81],{"class":80},[52,138864,85],{"class":84},[52,138866,231],{"class":88},[52,138868,329],{"class":84},[20,138870,135],{},[43,138872,138873],{"className":45,"code":137824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138874,138875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138876,138877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138878,137824],{"class":58},[412,138880,138882],{"id":138881},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[43,138884,138886],{"className":45,"code":138885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138887,138888,138900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138889,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138891,207],{"class":58},[52,138893,63],{"class":62},[52,138895,67],{"class":66},[52,138897,34992],{"class":70},[52,138899,74],{"class":66},[52,138901,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138903,81],{"class":80},[52,138905,85],{"class":84},[52,138907,231],{"class":88},[52,138909,92],{"class":84},[52,138911,35124],{"class":88},[52,138913,85],{"class":84},[52,138915,100],{"class":66},[52,138917,266],{"class":70},[52,138919,100],{"class":66},[52,138921,318],{"class":84},[52,138923,67],{"class":66},[52,138925,90052],{"class":70},[52,138927,100],{"class":66},[52,138929,108],{"class":84},[20,138931,135],{},[43,138933,138934],{"className":45,"code":89066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138935,138936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138937,138938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138939,89066],{"class":58},[20,138941,138942,138943,342,138945,138947],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138944,64656],{},[15,138946,90532],{}," are not the same.",[412,138949,138951],{"id":138950},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[43,138953,138955],{"className":45,"code":138954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138956,138957,138970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138958,138959,138961,138963,138965,138968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138960,207],{"class":58},[52,138962,63],{"class":62},[52,138964,67],{"class":66},[52,138966,138967],{"class":70},"red red red",[52,138969,74],{"class":66},[52,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,138973,81],{"class":80},[52,138975,85],{"class":84},[52,138977,231],{"class":88},[52,138979,92],{"class":84},[52,138981,35124],{"class":88},[52,138983,85],{"class":84},[52,138985,100],{"class":66},[52,138987,13216],{"class":70},[52,138989,100],{"class":66},[52,138991,318],{"class":84},[52,138993,67],{"class":66},[52,138995,13233],{"class":70},[52,138997,100],{"class":66},[52,138999,108],{"class":84},[20,139001,135],{},[43,139003,139005],{"className":45,"code":139004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139006,139007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139008,139009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139010,139004],{"class":58},[20,139012,139013,139014,174],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139015,41386],{},[43,139017,139019],{"className":45,"code":139018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139020,139021,139033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139022,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139024,207],{"class":58},[52,139026,63],{"class":62},[52,139028,67],{"class":66},[52,139030,138967],{"class":70},[52,139032,74],{"class":66},[52,139034,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139036,81],{"class":80},[52,139038,85],{"class":84},[52,139040,231],{"class":88},[52,139042,92],{"class":84},[52,139044,35124],{"class":88},[52,139046,85],{"class":84},[52,139048,100],{"class":66},[52,139050,13216],{"class":70},[52,139052,100],{"class":66},[52,139054,318],{"class":84},[52,139056,67],{"class":66},[52,139058,13233],{"class":70},[52,139060,100],{"class":66},[52,139062,318],{"class":84},[52,139064,5621],{"class":608},[52,139066,108],{"class":84},[20,139068,135],{},[43,139070,139072],{"className":45,"code":139071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue red red\n",[15,139073,139074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139075,139076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139077,139071],{"class":58},[412,139079,139081,139082,139084],{"id":139080},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139083,1834],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139086,139087],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[176,139089,139090,139097,139104],{},[179,139091,154,139092,139096],{},[289,139093,139094],{"href":128976},[15,139095,60654],{}," to break a string into a list",[179,139098,154,139099,139103],{},[289,139100,139101],{"href":136859},[15,139102,1837],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[179,139105,154,139106,139108],{},[15,139107,1834],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[38,139110,1940],{"id":1939},[412,139112,1944,139114,124783],{"id":139113},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139115,1834],{},[20,139117,139118],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[412,139120,139122],{"id":139121},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139124,139125],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[412,139127,139129],{"id":139128},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139131,139132],{},"Use the third argument:",[43,139134,139136],{"className":45,"code":139135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139137,139138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139139,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139141,231],{"class":58},[52,139143,92],{"class":84},[52,139145,35124],{"class":88},[52,139147,85],{"class":84},[52,139149,137886],{"class":88},[52,139151,318],{"class":84},[52,139153,137891],{"class":88},[52,139155,318],{"class":84},[52,139157,5621],{"class":608},[52,139159,329],{"class":84},[412,139161,1958,139163,139165],{"id":139162},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139164,1834],{}," remove text?",[20,139167,139168],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[43,139170,139172],{"className":45,"code":139171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139173,139174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139175,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139177,231],{"class":58},[52,139179,92],{"class":84},[52,139181,35124],{"class":88},[52,139183,85],{"class":84},[52,139185,100],{"class":66},[52,139187,2289],{"class":70},[52,139189,100],{"class":66},[52,139191,318],{"class":84},[52,139193,6249],{"class":66},[52,139195,329],{"class":84},[412,139197,1971,139199,1974],{"id":139198},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139200,1834],{},[20,139202,129818],{},[38,139204,2005],{"id":2004},[176,139206,139207,139211,139217,139223,139229],{},[179,139208,139209],{},[289,139210,2029],{"href":1810},[179,139212,139213],{},[289,139214,1437,139215,1441],{"href":128976},[15,139216,60654],{},[179,139218,139219],{},[289,139220,1437,139221,1441],{"href":136859},[15,139222,1837],{},[179,139224,139225],{},[289,139226,1437,139227,1441],{"href":1205},[15,139228,1208],{},[179,139230,139231],{},[289,139232,292],{"href":291},[2035,139234,139235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":139237},[139238,139239,139241,139244,139245,139249,139253,139254,139256,139264,139274],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":137839,"depth":77,"text":139240},"What replace() does",{"id":5553,"depth":77,"text":5554,"children":139242},[139243],{"id":17520,"depth":111,"text":17521},{"id":5909,"depth":77,"text":5910},{"id":138054,"depth":77,"text":138055,"children":139246},[139247,139248],{"id":138068,"depth":111,"text":138069},{"id":138149,"depth":111,"text":138150},{"id":138237,"depth":77,"text":138238,"children":139250},[139251,139252],{"id":138246,"depth":111,"text":138247},{"id":138322,"depth":111,"text":138323},{"id":1101,"depth":77,"text":1102},{"id":138518,"depth":77,"text":139255},"What replace() returns",{"id":4639,"depth":77,"text":4640,"children":139257},[139258,139260,139261,139262],{"id":138737,"depth":111,"text":139259},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138881,"depth":111,"text":138882},{"id":138950,"depth":111,"text":138951},{"id":139080,"depth":111,"text":139263},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":139265},[139266,139268,139269,139270,139272],{"id":139113,"depth":111,"text":139267},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139121,"depth":111,"text":139122},{"id":139128,"depth":111,"text":139129},{"id":139162,"depth":111,"text":139271},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139198,"depth":111,"text":139273},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137724,"description":139275},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139282,"title":139283,"body":139284,"description":141303,"extension":2078,"meta":141304,"navigation":221,"path":141305,"seo":141306,"stem":141307,"__hash__":141308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139285,"toc":141267},[139286,139291,139296,139299,139310,139312,139367,139372,139377,139384,139386,139401,139403,139459,139461,139499,139504,139506,139530,139533,139546,139551,139553,139585,139587,139620,139626,139631,139634,139644,139647,139649,139705,139707,139757,139760,139768,139771,139827,139829,139902,139915,139923,139927,139938,139941,139944,139997,139999,140031,140034,140088,140090,140125,140128,140133,140138,140143,140146,140148,140206,140208,140242,140244,140259,140262,140264,140306,140308,140334,140339,140347,140350,140352,140434,140436,140487,140490,140501,140509,140511,140584,140586,140604,140608,140611,140615,140642,140644,140652,140656,140691,140693,140706,140710,140713,140752,140754,140771,140776,140781,140792,140795,140806,140808,140810,140836,140839,140888,140890,140907,140910,140912,140964,140966,140998,141001,141059,141064,141066,141071,141174,141176,141190,141192,141199,141204,141209,141214,141219,141224,141227,141231,141236,141238,141264],[10,139287,13,139289,18],{"id":139288},"python-string-split-method",[15,139290,60654],{},[20,139292,22,139293,139295],{},[15,139294,60654],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139297,139298],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[176,139300,139301,139304,139307],{},[179,139302,139303],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[179,139305,139306],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[179,139308,139309],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[38,139311,41],{"id":40},[43,139313,139315],{"className":45,"code":139314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139316,139317,139330,139352,139362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139318,139319,139321,139323,139325,139328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139320,207],{"class":58},[52,139322,63],{"class":62},[52,139324,67],{"class":66},[52,139326,139327],{"class":70},"apple,banana,cherry",[52,139329,74],{"class":66},[52,139331,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139333,42962],{"class":58},[52,139335,63],{"class":62},[52,139337,1705],{"class":58},[52,139339,92],{"class":84},[52,139341,34595],{"class":88},[52,139343,85],{"class":84},[52,139345,100],{"class":66},[52,139347,318],{"class":70},[52,139349,100],{"class":66},[52,139351,329],{"class":84},[52,139353,139354,139356,139358,139360],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,139355,81],{"class":80},[52,139357,85],{"class":84},[52,139359,42993],{"class":88},[52,139361,329],{"class":84},[52,139363,139364],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,139365,139366],{"class":1479},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139368,154,139369,139371],{},[15,139370,60654],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[38,139373,166,139375,169],{"id":139374},"what-split-does",[15,139376,60654],{},[20,139378,139379,132337,139381,92],{},[15,139380,60654],{},[3865,139382,139383],{},"string method",[20,139385,49051],{},[176,139387,139388,139391,139396],{},[179,139389,139390],{},"divides a string into parts",[179,139392,119770,139393],{},[3865,139394,139395],{},"new list of strings",[179,139397,119776,139398,139400],{},[3865,139399,4752],{}," change the original string",[20,139402,197],{},[43,139404,139406],{"className":45,"code":139405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139407,139408,139421,139435,139439,139449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139409,139410,139412,139414,139416,139419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139411,207],{"class":58},[52,139413,63],{"class":62},[52,139415,67],{"class":66},[52,139417,139418],{"class":70},"red blue green",[52,139420,74],{"class":66},[52,139422,139423,139425,139427,139429,139431,139433],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139424,42962],{"class":58},[52,139426,63],{"class":62},[52,139428,1705],{"class":58},[52,139430,92],{"class":84},[52,139432,34595],{"class":88},[52,139434,8763],{"class":84},[52,139436,139437],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,139438,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,139440,139441,139443,139445,139447],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,139442,81],{"class":80},[52,139444,85],{"class":84},[52,139446,231],{"class":88},[52,139448,329],{"class":84},[52,139450,139451,139453,139455,139457],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,139452,81],{"class":80},[52,139454,85],{"class":84},[52,139456,42993],{"class":88},[52,139458,329],{"class":84},[20,139460,135],{},[43,139462,139464],{"className":45,"code":139463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139465,139466,139471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139467,139468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139469,139470],{"class":58},"red blue green\n",[52,139472,139473,139475,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139474,4021],{"class":84},[52,139476,1888],{"class":66},[52,139478,13216],{"class":70},[52,139480,1888],{"class":66},[52,139482,318],{"class":84},[52,139484,3416],{"class":66},[52,139486,13233],{"class":70},[52,139488,1888],{"class":66},[52,139490,318],{"class":84},[52,139492,3416],{"class":66},[52,139494,17580],{"class":70},[52,139496,1888],{"class":66},[52,139498,3757],{"class":84},[20,139500,139501,139502,92],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[289,139503,292],{"href":291},[38,139505,296],{"id":295},[43,139507,139509],{"className":45,"code":139508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139510,139511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139512,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139514,306],{"class":58},[52,139516,92],{"class":84},[52,139518,34595],{"class":88},[52,139520,85],{"class":84},[52,139522,133693],{"class":88},[52,139524,318],{"class":84},[52,139526,139527],{"class":88}," maxsplit",[52,139529,329],{"class":84},[20,139531,139532],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[176,139534,139535,139540],{},[179,139536,139537,139539],{},[15,139538,133693],{}," tells Python where to split",[179,139541,139542,139545],{},[15,139543,139544],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139547,8995,139548,139550],{},[15,139549,133693],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139552,197],{},[43,139554,139556],{"className":45,"code":139555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139557,139558,139571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139559,139560,139562,139564,139566,139569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139561,207],{"class":58},[52,139563,63],{"class":62},[52,139565,67],{"class":66},[52,139567,139568],{"class":70},"one two three",[52,139570,74],{"class":66},[52,139572,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581,139583],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139574,81],{"class":80},[52,139576,85],{"class":84},[52,139578,231],{"class":88},[52,139580,92],{"class":84},[52,139582,34595],{"class":88},[52,139584,7317],{"class":84},[20,139586,135],{},[43,139588,139590],{"className":45,"code":139589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139591,139592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139593,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139595,4021],{"class":84},[52,139597,1888],{"class":66},[52,139599,6709],{"class":70},[52,139601,1888],{"class":66},[52,139603,318],{"class":84},[52,139605,3416],{"class":66},[52,139607,79391],{"class":70},[52,139609,1888],{"class":66},[52,139611,318],{"class":84},[52,139613,3416],{"class":66},[52,139615,134175],{"class":70},[52,139617,1888],{"class":66},[52,139619,3757],{"class":84},[38,139621,1828,139623,139625],{"id":139622},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139624,60654],{}," with no separator",[20,139627,70294,139628,139630],{},[15,139629,60654],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139632,139633],{},"Whitespace includes:",[176,139635,139636,139638,139641],{},[179,139637,10573],{},[179,139639,139640],{},"tabs",[179,139642,139643],{},"new lines",[20,139645,139646],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139648,197],{},[43,139650,139652],{"className":45,"code":139651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139653,139654,139677,139691,139695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139655,139656,139658,139660,139662,139665,139668,139670,139672,139675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139657,207],{"class":58},[52,139659,63],{"class":62},[52,139661,67],{"class":66},[52,139663,139664],{"class":70},"Python   is",[52,139666,139667],{"class":841},"\\t",[52,139669,133429],{"class":70},[52,139671,87270],{"class":841},[52,139673,139674],{"class":70},"and useful",[52,139676,74],{"class":66},[52,139678,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139680,42962],{"class":58},[52,139682,63],{"class":62},[52,139684,1705],{"class":58},[52,139686,92],{"class":84},[52,139688,34595],{"class":88},[52,139690,8763],{"class":84},[52,139692,139693],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,139694,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,139696,139697,139699,139701,139703],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,139698,81],{"class":80},[52,139700,85],{"class":84},[52,139702,42993],{"class":88},[52,139704,329],{"class":84},[20,139706,135],{},[43,139708,139710],{"className":45,"code":139709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139711,139712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139713,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139753,139755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139715,4021],{"class":84},[52,139717,1888],{"class":66},[52,139719,7420],{"class":70},[52,139721,1888],{"class":66},[52,139723,318],{"class":84},[52,139725,3416],{"class":66},[52,139727,835],{"class":70},[52,139729,1888],{"class":66},[52,139731,318],{"class":84},[52,139733,3416],{"class":66},[52,139735,133429],{"class":70},[52,139737,1888],{"class":66},[52,139739,318],{"class":84},[52,139741,3416],{"class":66},[52,139743,130054],{"class":70},[52,139745,1888],{"class":66},[52,139747,318],{"class":84},[52,139749,3416],{"class":66},[52,139751,139752],{"class":70},"useful",[52,139754,1888],{"class":66},[52,139756,3757],{"class":84},[20,139758,139759],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[412,139761,139763,10707,139765],{"id":139762},"split-vs-split",[15,139764,60654],{},[15,139766,139767],{},"split(' ')",[20,139769,139770],{},"These are not the same.",[43,139772,139774],{"className":45,"code":139773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139775,139776,139789,139793,139807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139777,139778,139780,139782,139784,139787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139779,207],{"class":58},[52,139781,63],{"class":62},[52,139783,67],{"class":66},[52,139785,139786],{"class":70},"a  b   c",[52,139788,74],{"class":66},[52,139790,139791],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139792,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,139794,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,139796,81],{"class":80},[52,139798,85],{"class":84},[52,139800,231],{"class":88},[52,139802,92],{"class":84},[52,139804,34595],{"class":88},[52,139806,7317],{"class":84},[52,139808,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,139810,81],{"class":80},[52,139812,85],{"class":84},[52,139814,231],{"class":88},[52,139816,92],{"class":84},[52,139818,34595],{"class":88},[52,139820,85],{"class":84},[52,139822,100],{"class":66},[52,139824,67],{"class":66},[52,139826,108],{"class":84},[20,139828,135],{},[43,139830,139832],{"className":45,"code":139831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139833,139834,139862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139835,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139837,4021],{"class":84},[52,139839,1888],{"class":66},[52,139841,289],{"class":70},[52,139843,1888],{"class":66},[52,139845,318],{"class":84},[52,139847,3416],{"class":66},[52,139849,4883],{"class":70},[52,139851,1888],{"class":66},[52,139853,318],{"class":84},[52,139855,3416],{"class":66},[52,139857,9860],{"class":70},[52,139859,1888],{"class":66},[52,139861,3757],{"class":84},[52,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139865,4021],{"class":84},[52,139867,1888],{"class":66},[52,139869,289],{"class":70},[52,139871,1888],{"class":66},[52,139873,318],{"class":84},[52,139875,3961],{"class":66},[52,139877,318],{"class":84},[52,139879,3416],{"class":66},[52,139881,4883],{"class":70},[52,139883,1888],{"class":66},[52,139885,318],{"class":84},[52,139887,3961],{"class":66},[52,139889,318],{"class":84},[52,139891,3961],{"class":66},[52,139893,318],{"class":84},[52,139895,3416],{"class":66},[52,139897,9860],{"class":70},[52,139899,1888],{"class":66},[52,139901,3757],{"class":84},[176,139903,139904,139909],{},[179,139905,139906,139908],{},[15,139907,60654],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[179,139910,139911,139914],{},[15,139912,139913],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139916,139917,139918,139922],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[289,139919,1437,139920,1441],{"href":136859},[15,139921,1837],{}," is often useful.",[38,139924,139926],{"id":139925},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139928,139929,139930,2305,139933,2309,139935,92],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139931,139932],{},"\",\"",[15,139934,133528],{},[15,139936,139937],{},"\"::\"",[20,139939,139940],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139942,139943],{},"Example with commas:",[43,139945,139947],{"className":45,"code":139946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139948,139949,139961,139983,139987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139950,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139952,207],{"class":58},[52,139954,63],{"class":62},[52,139956,67],{"class":66},[52,139958,139327],{"class":70},[52,139960,74],{"class":66},[52,139962,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,139964,42962],{"class":58},[52,139966,63],{"class":62},[52,139968,1705],{"class":58},[52,139970,92],{"class":84},[52,139972,34595],{"class":88},[52,139974,85],{"class":84},[52,139976,100],{"class":66},[52,139978,318],{"class":70},[52,139980,100],{"class":66},[52,139982,329],{"class":84},[52,139984,139985],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,139986,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,139988,139989,139991,139993,139995],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,139990,81],{"class":80},[52,139992,85],{"class":84},[52,139994,42993],{"class":88},[52,139996,329],{"class":84},[20,139998,135],{},[43,140000,140001],{"className":45,"code":78570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140002,140003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140004,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140006,4021],{"class":84},[52,140008,1888],{"class":66},[52,140010,4199],{"class":70},[52,140012,1888],{"class":66},[52,140014,318],{"class":84},[52,140016,3416],{"class":66},[52,140018,4208],{"class":70},[52,140020,1888],{"class":66},[52,140022,318],{"class":84},[52,140024,3416],{"class":66},[52,140026,4217],{"class":70},[52,140028,1888],{"class":66},[52,140030,3757],{"class":84},[20,140032,140033],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[43,140035,140037],{"className":45,"code":140036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140038,140039,140052,140074,140078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140040,140041,140043,140045,140047,140050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140042,207],{"class":58},[52,140044,63],{"class":62},[52,140046,67],{"class":66},[52,140048,140049],{"class":70},"2024::10::31",[52,140051,74],{"class":66},[52,140053,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140055,42962],{"class":58},[52,140057,63],{"class":62},[52,140059,1705],{"class":58},[52,140061,92],{"class":84},[52,140063,34595],{"class":88},[52,140065,85],{"class":84},[52,140067,100],{"class":66},[52,140069,76787],{"class":70},[52,140071,100],{"class":66},[52,140073,329],{"class":84},[52,140075,140076],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140077,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,140079,140080,140082,140084,140086],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,140081,81],{"class":80},[52,140083,85],{"class":84},[52,140085,42993],{"class":88},[52,140087,329],{"class":84},[20,140089,135],{},[43,140091,140093],{"className":45,"code":140092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140094,140095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140096,140097,140099,140101,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140121,140123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140098,4021],{"class":84},[52,140100,1888],{"class":66},[52,140102,140103],{"class":70},"2024",[52,140105,1888],{"class":66},[52,140107,318],{"class":84},[52,140109,3416],{"class":66},[52,140111,2448],{"class":70},[52,140113,1888],{"class":66},[52,140115,318],{"class":84},[52,140117,3416],{"class":66},[52,140119,140120],{"class":70},"31",[52,140122,1888],{"class":66},[52,140124,3757],{"class":84},[20,140126,140127],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140129,140130,140131,92],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[289,140132,128973],{"href":128972},[38,140134,1828,140136],{"id":140135},"using-maxsplit",[15,140137,139544],{},[20,140139,140140,140142],{},[15,140141,139544],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140144,140145],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140147,197],{},[43,140149,140151],{"className":45,"code":140150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140152,140153,140166,140192,140196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140154,140155,140157,140159,140161,140164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140156,207],{"class":58},[52,140158,63],{"class":62},[52,140160,67],{"class":66},[52,140162,140163],{"class":70},"name:age:city:country",[52,140165,74],{"class":66},[52,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140169,42962],{"class":58},[52,140171,63],{"class":62},[52,140173,1705],{"class":58},[52,140175,92],{"class":84},[52,140177,34595],{"class":88},[52,140179,85],{"class":84},[52,140181,100],{"class":66},[52,140183,174],{"class":70},[52,140185,100],{"class":66},[52,140187,318],{"class":84},[52,140189,3111],{"class":608},[52,140191,329],{"class":84},[52,140193,140194],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140195,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,140197,140198,140200,140202,140204],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,140199,81],{"class":80},[52,140201,85],{"class":84},[52,140203,42993],{"class":88},[52,140205,329],{"class":84},[20,140207,135],{},[43,140209,140211],{"className":45,"code":140210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140212,140213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140214,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140238,140240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140216,4021],{"class":84},[52,140218,1888],{"class":66},[52,140220,459],{"class":70},[52,140222,1888],{"class":66},[52,140224,318],{"class":84},[52,140226,3416],{"class":66},[52,140228,9419],{"class":70},[52,140230,1888],{"class":66},[52,140232,318],{"class":84},[52,140234,3416],{"class":66},[52,140236,140237],{"class":70},"city:country",[52,140239,1888],{"class":66},[52,140241,3757],{"class":84},[20,140243,2294],{},[176,140245,140246,140251,140256],{},[179,140247,140248,140249],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140250,174],{},[179,140252,140253,140254],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140255,174],{},[179,140257,140258],{},"then stops",[20,140260,140261],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140263,1342],{},[43,140265,140267],{"className":45,"code":140266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140268,140269,140282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277,140280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140272,207],{"class":58},[52,140274,63],{"class":62},[52,140276,67],{"class":66},[52,140278,140279],{"class":70},"apple banana cherry grape",[52,140281,74],{"class":66},[52,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140285,81],{"class":80},[52,140287,85],{"class":84},[52,140289,231],{"class":88},[52,140291,92],{"class":84},[52,140293,34595],{"class":88},[52,140295,85],{"class":84},[52,140297,100],{"class":66},[52,140299,67],{"class":66},[52,140301,318],{"class":84},[52,140303,5621],{"class":608},[52,140305,108],{"class":84},[20,140307,135],{},[43,140309,140311],{"className":45,"code":140310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140312,140313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140314,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140330,140332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140316,4021],{"class":84},[52,140318,1888],{"class":66},[52,140320,4199],{"class":70},[52,140322,1888],{"class":66},[52,140324,318],{"class":84},[52,140326,3416],{"class":66},[52,140328,140329],{"class":70},"banana cherry grape",[52,140331,1888],{"class":66},[52,140333,3757],{"class":84},[38,140335,166,140337,11828],{"id":140336},"what-split-returns",[15,140338,60654],{},[20,140340,140341,140342,140344,140345,92],{},"The result of ",[15,140343,60654],{}," is always a ",[3865,140346,8217],{},[20,140348,140349],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140351,197],{},[43,140353,140355],{"className":45,"code":140354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140356,140357,140370,140392,140396,140406,140420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140358,140359,140361,140363,140365,140368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140360,207],{"class":58},[52,140362,63],{"class":62},[52,140364,67],{"class":66},[52,140366,140367],{"class":70},"cat,dog,bird",[52,140369,74],{"class":66},[52,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140373,42962],{"class":58},[52,140375,63],{"class":62},[52,140377,1705],{"class":58},[52,140379,92],{"class":84},[52,140381,34595],{"class":88},[52,140383,85],{"class":84},[52,140385,100],{"class":66},[52,140387,318],{"class":70},[52,140389,100],{"class":66},[52,140391,329],{"class":84},[52,140393,140394],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140395,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,140397,140398,140400,140402,140404],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,140399,81],{"class":80},[52,140401,85],{"class":84},[52,140403,42993],{"class":88},[52,140405,329],{"class":84},[52,140407,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,140409,81],{"class":80},[52,140411,85],{"class":84},[52,140413,1930],{"class":1929},[52,140415,85],{"class":84},[52,140417,42993],{"class":88},[52,140419,108],{"class":84},[52,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,140423,81],{"class":80},[52,140425,85],{"class":84},[52,140427,42993],{"class":88},[52,140429,4021],{"class":84},[52,140431,2235],{"class":608},[52,140433,4009],{"class":84},[20,140435,135],{},[43,140437,140439],{"className":45,"code":140438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140440,140441,140469,140483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140442,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140444,4021],{"class":84},[52,140446,1888],{"class":66},[52,140448,37173],{"class":70},[52,140450,1888],{"class":66},[52,140452,318],{"class":84},[52,140454,3416],{"class":66},[52,140456,58250],{"class":70},[52,140458,1888],{"class":66},[52,140460,318],{"class":84},[52,140462,3416],{"class":66},[52,140464,58267],{"class":70},[52,140466,1888],{"class":66},[52,140468,3757],{"class":84},[52,140470,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140472,3410],{"class":62},[52,140474,3413],{"class":2180},[52,140476,3416],{"class":66},[52,140478,8217],{"class":70},[52,140480,1888],{"class":66},[52,140482,3423],{"class":62},[52,140484,140485],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140486,85589],{"class":58},[20,140488,140489],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[176,140491,140492,140495,140498],{},[179,140493,140494],{},"loop over it",[179,140496,140497],{},"access items by index",[179,140499,140500],{},"combine items again later",[20,140502,140503,140504,92],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[289,140505,1437,140507,1441],{"href":140506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140508,133371],{},[20,140510,197],{},[43,140512,140514],{"className":45,"code":140513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140515,140516,140548,140570,140574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140517,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140519,42962],{"class":58},[52,140521,63],{"class":62},[52,140523,3744],{"class":84},[52,140525,1888],{"class":66},[52,140527,37173],{"class":70},[52,140529,1888],{"class":66},[52,140531,318],{"class":84},[52,140533,3416],{"class":66},[52,140535,58250],{"class":70},[52,140537,1888],{"class":66},[52,140539,318],{"class":84},[52,140541,3416],{"class":66},[52,140543,58267],{"class":70},[52,140545,1888],{"class":66},[52,140547,3757],{"class":84},[52,140549,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140551,207],{"class":58},[52,140553,63],{"class":62},[52,140555,67],{"class":66},[52,140557,2137],{"class":70},[52,140559,100],{"class":66},[52,140561,92],{"class":84},[52,140563,133448],{"class":88},[52,140565,85],{"class":84},[52,140567,42993],{"class":88},[52,140569,329],{"class":84},[52,140571,140572],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140573,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,140575,140576,140578,140580,140582],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,140577,81],{"class":80},[52,140579,85],{"class":84},[52,140581,231],{"class":88},[52,140583,329],{"class":84},[20,140585,135],{},[43,140587,140589],{"className":45,"code":140588,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140590,140591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140592,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140594,37173],{"class":58},[52,140596,2137],{"class":62},[52,140598,58250],{"class":58},[52,140600,2137],{"class":62},[52,140602,140603],{"class":58},"bird\n",[38,140605,140607],{"id":140606},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140609,140610],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[412,140612,140614],{"id":140613},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[43,140616,140618],{"className":45,"code":140617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140619,140620,140628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140621,140622,140624,140626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140623,207],{"class":58},[52,140625,63],{"class":62},[52,140627,8005],{"class":66},[52,140629,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140631,81],{"class":80},[52,140633,85],{"class":84},[52,140635,231],{"class":88},[52,140637,92],{"class":84},[52,140639,34595],{"class":88},[52,140641,7317],{"class":84},[20,140643,135],{},[43,140645,140646],{"className":45,"code":38423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140647,140648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140649,140650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140651,38423],{"class":84},[412,140653,140655],{"id":140654},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[43,140657,140659],{"className":45,"code":140658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140660,140661,140669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140662,140663,140665,140667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140664,207],{"class":58},[52,140666,63],{"class":62},[52,140668,8005],{"class":66},[52,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140672,81],{"class":80},[52,140674,85],{"class":84},[52,140676,231],{"class":88},[52,140678,92],{"class":84},[52,140680,34595],{"class":88},[52,140682,85],{"class":84},[52,140684,100],{"class":66},[52,140686,318],{"class":70},[52,140688,100],{"class":66},[52,140690,108],{"class":84},[20,140692,135],{},[43,140694,140696],{"className":45,"code":140695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['']\n",[15,140697,140698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140699,140700,140702,140704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140701,4021],{"class":84},[52,140703,3896],{"class":66},[52,140705,3757],{"class":84},[412,140707,140709],{"id":140708},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140711,140712],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[43,140714,140716],{"className":45,"code":140715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140717,140718,140730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140719,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140721,207],{"class":58},[52,140723,63],{"class":62},[52,140725,67],{"class":66},[52,140727,266],{"class":70},[52,140729,74],{"class":66},[52,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140733,81],{"class":80},[52,140735,85],{"class":84},[52,140737,231],{"class":88},[52,140739,92],{"class":84},[52,140741,34595],{"class":88},[52,140743,85],{"class":84},[52,140745,100],{"class":66},[52,140747,318],{"class":70},[52,140749,100],{"class":66},[52,140751,108],{"class":84},[20,140753,135],{},[43,140755,140757],{"className":45,"code":140756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello']\n",[15,140758,140759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140760,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140762,4021],{"class":84},[52,140764,1888],{"class":66},[52,140766,266],{"class":70},[52,140768,1888],{"class":66},[52,140770,3757],{"class":84},[38,140772,5084,140774],{"id":140773},"when-to-use-split",[15,140775,60654],{},[20,140777,154,140778,140780],{},[15,140779,60654],{}," when you need to:",[176,140782,140783,140786,140789],{},[179,140784,140785],{},"split a sentence into words",[179,140787,140788],{},"split comma-separated values",[179,140790,140791],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140793,140794],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[176,140796,140797,140800,140803],{},[179,140798,140799],{},"cleaning text",[179,140801,140802],{},"parsing user input",[179,140804,140805],{},"processing simple file content",[38,140807,1445],{"id":1444},[20,140809,84360],{},[176,140811,140812,140816,140822,140825,140833],{},[179,140813,50629,140814,131509],{},[15,140815,60654],{},[179,140817,140818,140819,140821],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140820,60654],{}," returns a list, not a string",[179,140823,140824],{},"using the wrong separator",[179,140826,140827,140828,140830,140831],{},"assuming ",[15,140829,139767],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140832,60654],{},[179,140834,140835],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140837,140838],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[43,140840,140842],{"className":45,"code":140841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140843,140844,140856,140874,140878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140845,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140847,207],{"class":58},[52,140849,63],{"class":62},[52,140851,67],{"class":66},[52,140853,42955],{"class":70},[52,140855,74],{"class":66},[52,140857,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140859,231],{"class":58},[52,140861,92],{"class":84},[52,140863,34595],{"class":88},[52,140865,85],{"class":84},[52,140867,100],{"class":66},[52,140869,318],{"class":70},[52,140871,100],{"class":66},[52,140873,329],{"class":84},[52,140875,140876],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140877,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,140879,140880,140882,140884,140886],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,140881,81],{"class":80},[52,140883,85],{"class":84},[52,140885,231],{"class":88},[52,140887,329],{"class":84},[20,140889,135],{},[43,140891,140893],{"className":45,"code":140892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a,b,c\n",[15,140894,140895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140896,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140898,289],{"class":58},[52,140900,318],{"class":84},[52,140902,4883],{"class":58},[52,140904,318],{"class":84},[52,140906,69366],{"class":58},[20,140908,140909],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140911,10929],{},[43,140913,140914],{"className":45,"code":42942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140915,140916,140928,140950,140954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140917,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140919,207],{"class":58},[52,140921,63],{"class":62},[52,140923,67],{"class":66},[52,140925,42955],{"class":70},[52,140927,74],{"class":66},[52,140929,140930,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,140931,42962],{"class":58},[52,140933,63],{"class":62},[52,140935,1705],{"class":58},[52,140937,92],{"class":84},[52,140939,34595],{"class":88},[52,140941,85],{"class":84},[52,140943,100],{"class":66},[52,140945,318],{"class":70},[52,140947,100],{"class":66},[52,140949,329],{"class":84},[52,140951,140952],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,140953,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,140955,140956,140958,140960,140962],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,140957,81],{"class":80},[52,140959,85],{"class":84},[52,140961,42993],{"class":88},[52,140963,329],{"class":84},[20,140965,135],{},[43,140967,140968],{"className":45,"code":43000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140969,140970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140971,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140973,4021],{"class":84},[52,140975,1888],{"class":66},[52,140977,289],{"class":70},[52,140979,1888],{"class":66},[52,140981,318],{"class":84},[52,140983,3416],{"class":66},[52,140985,4883],{"class":70},[52,140987,1888],{"class":66},[52,140989,318],{"class":84},[52,140991,3416],{"class":66},[52,140993,9860],{"class":70},[52,140995,1888],{"class":66},[52,140997,3757],{"class":84},[20,140999,141000],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[43,141002,141004],{"className":45,"code":141003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141005,141006,141019,141041,141045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141007,141008,141010,141012,141014,141017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141009,207],{"class":58},[52,141011,63],{"class":62},[52,141013,67],{"class":66},[52,141015,141016],{"class":70},"apple,banana",[52,141018,74],{"class":66},[52,141020,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141022,42962],{"class":58},[52,141024,63],{"class":62},[52,141026,1705],{"class":58},[52,141028,92],{"class":84},[52,141030,34595],{"class":88},[52,141032,85],{"class":84},[52,141034,100],{"class":66},[52,141036,318],{"class":70},[52,141038,100],{"class":66},[52,141040,329],{"class":84},[52,141042,141043],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,141044,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,141046,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,141048,81],{"class":80},[52,141050,85],{"class":84},[52,141052,42993],{"class":88},[52,141054,4021],{"class":84},[52,141056,2172],{"class":608},[52,141058,4009],{"class":84},[20,141060,141061,141062,92],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[289,141063,69379],{"href":69378},[412,141065,60832],{"id":60831},[20,141067,8995,141068,141070],{},[15,141069,60654],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[43,141072,141074],{"className":45,"code":141073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141075,141076,141086,141100,141122,141148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141077,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141079,81],{"class":80},[52,141081,85],{"class":84},[52,141083,231],{"class":88},[52,141085,329],{"class":84},[52,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141089,81],{"class":80},[52,141091,85],{"class":84},[52,141093,231],{"class":88},[52,141095,92],{"class":84},[52,141097,34595],{"class":88},[52,141099,7317],{"class":84},[52,141101,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,141103,81],{"class":80},[52,141105,85],{"class":84},[52,141107,231],{"class":88},[52,141109,92],{"class":84},[52,141111,34595],{"class":88},[52,141113,85],{"class":84},[52,141115,1888],{"class":66},[52,141117,318],{"class":70},[52,141119,1888],{"class":66},[52,141121,108],{"class":84},[52,141123,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,141125,81],{"class":80},[52,141127,85],{"class":84},[52,141129,11284],{"class":80},[52,141131,85],{"class":84},[52,141133,231],{"class":88},[52,141135,92],{"class":84},[52,141137,34595],{"class":88},[52,141139,85],{"class":84},[52,141141,1888],{"class":66},[52,141143,318],{"class":70},[52,141145,1888],{"class":66},[52,141147,546],{"class":84},[52,141149,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,141151,81],{"class":80},[52,141153,85],{"class":84},[52,141155,1930],{"class":1929},[52,141157,85],{"class":84},[52,141159,231],{"class":88},[52,141161,92],{"class":84},[52,141163,34595],{"class":88},[52,141165,85],{"class":84},[52,141167,1888],{"class":66},[52,141169,318],{"class":70},[52,141171,1888],{"class":66},[52,141173,546],{"class":84},[20,141175,11293],{},[176,141177,141178,141181,141184,141187],{},[179,141179,141180],{},"what the original string looks like",[179,141182,141183],{},"which separator works",[179,141185,141186],{},"how many items were created",[179,141188,141189],{},"that the result is a list",[38,141191,1940],{"id":1939},[412,141193,1987,141195,342,141197,1993],{"id":141194},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141196,60654],{},[15,141198,139767],{},[20,141200,141201,141203],{},[15,141202,60654],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141205,141206,141208],{},[15,141207,139767],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[412,141210,1944,141212,124783],{"id":141211},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141213,60654],{},[20,141215,141216,141217,56601],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141218,60654],{},[412,141220,5266,141222,40086],{"id":141221},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141223,139544],{},[20,141225,141226],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[412,141228,141230],{"id":141229},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141232,29187,141233,141235],{},[15,141234,60654],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[38,141237,2005],{"id":2004},[176,141239,141240,141244,141250,141256,141260],{},[179,141241,141242],{},[289,141243,129894],{"href":128972},[179,141245,141246],{},[289,141247,1437,141248,1441],{"href":140506},[15,141249,133371],{},[179,141251,141252],{},[289,141253,1437,141254,1441],{"href":136859},[15,141255,1837],{},[179,141257,141258],{},[289,141259,292],{"href":291},[179,141261,141262],{},[289,141263,69379],{"href":69378},[2035,141265,141266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":141268},[141269,141270,141272,141273,141278,141279,141281,141283,141288,141290,141293,141302],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":139374,"depth":77,"text":141271},"What split() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":139622,"depth":77,"text":141274,"children":141275},"Using split() with no separator",[141276],{"id":139762,"depth":111,"text":141277},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139925,"depth":77,"text":139926},{"id":140135,"depth":77,"text":141280},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140336,"depth":77,"text":141282},"What split() returns",{"id":140606,"depth":77,"text":140607,"children":141284},[141285,141286,141287],{"id":140613,"depth":111,"text":140614},{"id":140654,"depth":111,"text":140655},{"id":140708,"depth":111,"text":140709},{"id":140773,"depth":77,"text":141289},"When to use split()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":141291},[141292],{"id":60831,"depth":111,"text":60832},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":141294},[141295,141297,141299,141301],{"id":141194,"depth":111,"text":141296},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141211,"depth":111,"text":141298},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141221,"depth":111,"text":141300},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141229,"depth":111,"text":141230},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139283,"description":141303},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141310,"title":141311,"body":141312,"description":143255,"extension":2078,"meta":143256,"navigation":221,"path":143257,"seo":143258,"stem":143259,"__hash__":143260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141313,"toc":143214},[141314,141319,141324,141331,141404,141409,141414,141419,141435,141437,141507,141509,141511,141531,141533,141578,141583,141585,141683,141688,141692,141697,141701,141704,141746,141750,141753,141798,141802,141805,141855,141859,141864,141916,141918,141923,141934,141939,142019,142021,142033,142042,142049,142064,142066,142181,142187,142191,142194,142199,142341,142344,142351,142353,142357,142365,142434,142440,142489,142494,142499,142501,142521,142523,142589,142591,142595,142598,142602,142643,142645,142678,142683,142686,142713,142715,142758,142765,142770,142780,142846,142850,142858,142863,142914,142918,142921,142923,142932,142934,142984,142986,143093,143095,143100,143107,143113,143116,143147,143152,143154,143161,143169,143178,143181,143183,143211],[10,141315,13,141317,18],{"id":141316},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141318,1440],{},[20,141320,22,141321,141323],{},[15,141322,1440],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141325,28,141326,32,141328,141330],{},[15,141327,31],{},[15,141329,35],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[43,141332,141334],{"className":45,"code":141333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141335,141336,141349,141353,141378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141337,141338,141340,141342,141344,141347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141339,207],{"class":58},[52,141341,63],{"class":62},[52,141343,67],{"class":66},[52,141345,141346],{"class":70},"Python Beginner Help",[52,141348,74],{"class":66},[52,141350,141351],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141352,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,141354,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,141356,81],{"class":80},[52,141358,85],{"class":84},[52,141360,231],{"class":88},[52,141362,92],{"class":84},[52,141364,141365],{"class":88},"startswith",[52,141367,85],{"class":84},[52,141369,100],{"class":66},[52,141371,7420],{"class":70},[52,141373,100],{"class":66},[52,141375,5485],{"class":84},[52,141377,43980],{"class":1479},[52,141379,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390,141392,141394,141397,141399,141401],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,141381,81],{"class":80},[52,141383,85],{"class":84},[52,141385,231],{"class":88},[52,141387,92],{"class":84},[52,141389,141365],{"class":88},[52,141391,85],{"class":84},[52,141393,100],{"class":66},[52,141395,141396],{"class":70},"Beginner",[52,141398,100],{"class":66},[52,141400,5485],{"class":84},[52,141402,141403],{"class":1479}," # False\n",[20,141405,154,141406,141408],{},[15,141407,1440],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[38,141410,166,141412,169],{"id":141411},"what-startswith-does",[15,141413,1440],{},[20,141415,141416,141418],{},[15,141417,1440],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[176,141420,141421,141424,141430,141432],{},[179,141422,141423],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[179,141425,5272,141426,32,141428],{},[15,141427,31],{},[15,141429,35],{},[179,141431,123608],{},[179,141433,141434],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141436,197],{},[43,141438,141440],{"className":45,"code":141439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141441,141442,141454,141458,141483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141443,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141445,441],{"class":58},[52,141447,63],{"class":62},[52,141449,67],{"class":66},[52,141451,7420],{"class":70},[52,141453,74],{"class":66},[52,141455,141456],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141457,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,141459,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141477,141479,141481],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,141461,81],{"class":80},[52,141463,85],{"class":84},[52,141465,459],{"class":88},[52,141467,92],{"class":84},[52,141469,141365],{"class":88},[52,141471,85],{"class":84},[52,141473,100],{"class":66},[52,141475,141476],{"class":70},"Py",[52,141478,100],{"class":66},[52,141480,5485],{"class":84},[52,141482,43980],{"class":1479},[52,141484,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,141486,81],{"class":80},[52,141488,85],{"class":84},[52,141490,459],{"class":88},[52,141492,92],{"class":84},[52,141494,141365],{"class":88},[52,141496,85],{"class":84},[52,141498,100],{"class":66},[52,141500,128735],{"class":70},[52,141502,100],{"class":66},[52,141504,5485],{"class":84},[52,141506,43997],{"class":1479},[38,141508,296],{"id":295},[20,141510,42510],{},[43,141512,141514],{"className":45,"code":141513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141515,141516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141517,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141519,306],{"class":58},[52,141521,92],{"class":84},[52,141523,141365],{"class":88},[52,141525,85],{"class":84},[52,141527,141528],{"class":88},"prefix",[52,141530,329],{"class":84},[20,141532,30889],{},[43,141534,141536],{"className":45,"code":141535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141537,141538,141556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141539,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141541,306],{"class":58},[52,141543,92],{"class":84},[52,141545,141365],{"class":88},[52,141547,85],{"class":84},[52,141549,141528],{"class":88},[52,141551,318],{"class":84},[52,141553,321],{"class":88},[52,141555,329],{"class":84},[52,141557,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141559,306],{"class":58},[52,141561,92],{"class":84},[52,141563,141365],{"class":88},[52,141565,85],{"class":84},[52,141567,141528],{"class":88},[52,141569,318],{"class":84},[52,141571,321],{"class":88},[52,141573,318],{"class":84},[52,141575,326],{"class":88},[52,141577,329],{"class":84},[20,141579,20897,141580,141582],{},[15,141581,141528],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141584,197],{},[43,141586,141588],{"className":45,"code":141587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141589,141590,141602,141606,141631,141655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141591,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141593,207],{"class":58},[52,141595,63],{"class":62},[52,141597,67],{"class":66},[52,141599,214],{"class":70},[52,141601,74],{"class":66},[52,141603,141604],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141605,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,141607,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,141609,81],{"class":80},[52,141611,85],{"class":84},[52,141613,231],{"class":88},[52,141615,92],{"class":84},[52,141617,141365],{"class":88},[52,141619,85],{"class":84},[52,141621,100],{"class":66},[52,141623,266],{"class":70},[52,141625,100],{"class":66},[52,141627,5485],{"class":84},[52,141629,141630],{"class":1479},"      # True\n",[52,141632,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,141634,81],{"class":80},[52,141636,85],{"class":84},[52,141638,231],{"class":88},[52,141640,92],{"class":84},[52,141642,141365],{"class":88},[52,141644,85],{"class":84},[52,141646,100],{"class":66},[52,141648,242],{"class":70},[52,141650,100],{"class":66},[52,141652,5485],{"class":84},[52,141654,21326],{"class":1479},[52,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,141658,81],{"class":80},[52,141660,85],{"class":84},[52,141662,231],{"class":88},[52,141664,92],{"class":84},[52,141666,141365],{"class":88},[52,141668,85],{"class":84},[52,141670,100],{"class":66},[52,141672,242],{"class":70},[52,141674,100],{"class":66},[52,141676,318],{"class":84},[52,141678,37769],{"class":608},[52,141680,5485],{"class":84},[52,141682,43980],{"class":1479},[20,141684,141685,141686,92],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[289,141687,292],{"href":291},[38,141689,141691],{"id":141690},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141693,141694,141696],{},[15,141695,1440],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[412,141698,141699],{"id":141528},[15,141700,141528],{},[20,141702,141703],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[43,141705,141707],{"className":45,"code":141706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141708,141709,141721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141710,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141712,207],{"class":58},[52,141714,63],{"class":62},[52,141716,67],{"class":66},[52,141718,4208],{"class":70},[52,141720,74],{"class":66},[52,141722,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141740,141742,141744],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141724,81],{"class":80},[52,141726,85],{"class":84},[52,141728,231],{"class":88},[52,141730,92],{"class":84},[52,141732,141365],{"class":88},[52,141734,85],{"class":84},[52,141736,100],{"class":66},[52,141738,141739],{"class":70},"ban",[52,141741,100],{"class":66},[52,141743,5485],{"class":84},[52,141745,3787],{"class":1479},[412,141747,141748],{"id":341},[15,141749,341],{},[20,141751,141752],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[43,141754,141756],{"className":45,"code":141755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141757,141758,141770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141759,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141761,207],{"class":58},[52,141763,63],{"class":62},[52,141765,67],{"class":66},[52,141767,214],{"class":70},[52,141769,74],{"class":66},[52,141771,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141773,81],{"class":80},[52,141775,85],{"class":84},[52,141777,231],{"class":88},[52,141779,92],{"class":84},[52,141781,141365],{"class":88},[52,141783,85],{"class":84},[52,141785,100],{"class":66},[52,141787,242],{"class":70},[52,141789,100],{"class":66},[52,141791,318],{"class":84},[52,141793,37769],{"class":608},[52,141795,5485],{"class":84},[52,141797,3787],{"class":1479},[412,141799,141800],{"id":345},[15,141801,345],{},[20,141803,141804],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[43,141806,141808],{"className":45,"code":141807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141809,141810,141822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141811,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141813,207],{"class":58},[52,141815,63],{"class":62},[52,141817,67],{"class":66},[52,141819,214],{"class":70},[52,141821,74],{"class":66},[52,141823,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141825,81],{"class":80},[52,141827,85],{"class":84},[52,141829,231],{"class":88},[52,141831,92],{"class":84},[52,141833,141365],{"class":88},[52,141835,85],{"class":84},[52,141837,100],{"class":66},[52,141839,141840],{"class":70},"wor",[52,141842,100],{"class":66},[52,141844,318],{"class":84},[52,141846,37769],{"class":608},[52,141848,318],{"class":84},[52,141850,54258],{"class":608},[52,141852,5485],{"class":84},[52,141854,3787],{"class":1479},[412,141856,141858],{"id":141857},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141860,141861,141863],{},[15,141862,141528],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[43,141865,141867],{"className":45,"code":141866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141868,141869,141882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141870,141871,141873,141875,141877,141880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141872,59],{"class":58},[52,141874,63],{"class":62},[52,141876,67],{"class":66},[52,141878,141879],{"class":70},"img_001.png",[52,141881,74],{"class":66},[52,141883,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141901,141903,141905,141907,141910,141912,141914],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141885,81],{"class":80},[52,141887,85],{"class":84},[52,141889,89],{"class":88},[52,141891,92],{"class":84},[52,141893,141365],{"class":88},[52,141895,519],{"class":84},[52,141897,100],{"class":66},[52,141899,141900],{"class":70},"img_",[52,141902,100],{"class":66},[52,141904,318],{"class":84},[52,141906,67],{"class":66},[52,141908,141909],{"class":70},"photo_",[52,141911,100],{"class":66},[52,141913,51214],{"class":84},[52,141915,3787],{"class":1479},[38,141917,710],{"id":709},[20,141919,141920,141922],{},[15,141921,1440],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[176,141924,141925,141930],{},[179,141926,141927,141929],{},[15,141928,31],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[179,141931,141932,727],{},[15,141933,35],{},[20,141935,141936,141937,734],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141938,733],{},[43,141940,141942],{"className":45,"code":141941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141943,141944,141958,141962,141983,141998,142004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141945,141946,141949,141951,141953,141956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141947,141948],{"class":58},"command ",[52,141950,63],{"class":62},[52,141952,67],{"class":66},[52,141954,141955],{"class":70},"\u002Fhelp",[52,141957,74],{"class":66},[52,141959,141960],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,141961,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,141963,141964,141966,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,141965,733],{"class":761},[52,141967,141968],{"class":58}," command",[52,141970,92],{"class":84},[52,141972,141365],{"class":88},[52,141974,85],{"class":84},[52,141976,100],{"class":66},[52,141978,950],{"class":70},[52,141980,100],{"class":66},[52,141982,779],{"class":84},[52,141984,141985,141987,141989,141991,141994,141996],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,141986,784],{"class":80},[52,141988,85],{"class":84},[52,141990,100],{"class":66},[52,141992,141993],{"class":70},"This looks like a command.",[52,141995,100],{"class":66},[52,141997,329],{"class":84},[52,141999,142000,142002],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,142001,801],{"class":761},[52,142003,804],{"class":84},[52,142005,142006,142008,142010,142012,142015,142017],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,142007,784],{"class":80},[52,142009,85],{"class":84},[52,142011,100],{"class":66},[52,142013,142014],{"class":70},"This is normal text.",[52,142016,100],{"class":66},[52,142018,329],{"class":84},[20,142020,135],{},[43,142022,142024],{"className":45,"code":142023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142025,142026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142027,142028,142031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142029,142030],{"class":58},"This looks like a command",[52,142032,849],{"class":84},[38,142034,1828,142036,1635,142038,342,142040],{"id":142035},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142037,1440],{},[15,142039,341],{},[15,142041,345],{},[20,142043,2095,142044,342,142046,142048],{},[15,142045,341],{},[15,142047,345],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[176,142050,142051,142056,142061],{},[179,142052,142053,142055],{},[15,142054,341],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[179,142057,142058,142060],{},[15,142059,345],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[179,142062,142063],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142065,197],{},[43,142067,142069],{"className":45,"code":142068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142070,142071,142083,142087,142116,142149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142072,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142074,207],{"class":58},[52,142076,63],{"class":62},[52,142078,67],{"class":66},[52,142080,139568],{"class":70},[52,142082,74],{"class":66},[52,142084,142085],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142086,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142088,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142090,81],{"class":80},[52,142092,85],{"class":84},[52,142094,231],{"class":88},[52,142096,92],{"class":84},[52,142098,141365],{"class":88},[52,142100,85],{"class":84},[52,142102,100],{"class":66},[52,142104,79391],{"class":70},[52,142106,100],{"class":66},[52,142108,318],{"class":84},[52,142110,2575],{"class":608},[52,142112,5485],{"class":84},[52,142114,142115],{"class":1479},"        # True\n",[52,142117,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142145,142147],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,142119,81],{"class":80},[52,142121,85],{"class":84},[52,142123,231],{"class":88},[52,142125,92],{"class":84},[52,142127,141365],{"class":88},[52,142129,85],{"class":84},[52,142131,100],{"class":66},[52,142133,134175],{"class":70},[52,142135,100],{"class":66},[52,142137,318],{"class":84},[52,142139,6483],{"class":608},[52,142141,318],{"class":84},[52,142143,142144],{"class":608}," 13",[52,142146,5485],{"class":84},[52,142148,3787],{"class":1479},[52,142150,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,142152,81],{"class":80},[52,142154,85],{"class":84},[52,142156,231],{"class":88},[52,142158,92],{"class":84},[52,142160,141365],{"class":88},[52,142162,85],{"class":84},[52,142164,100],{"class":66},[52,142166,134175],{"class":70},[52,142168,100],{"class":66},[52,142170,318],{"class":84},[52,142172,6483],{"class":608},[52,142174,318],{"class":84},[52,142176,31068],{"class":608},[52,142178,5485],{"class":84},[52,142180,4894],{"class":1479},[20,142182,142183,142184,142186],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142185,345],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[38,142188,142190],{"id":142189},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142192,142193],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142195,142196,142197,49472],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142198,40963],{},[43,142200,142202],{"className":45,"code":142201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142203,142204,142218,142232,142246,142250,142274,142278,142299,142320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142205,142206,142209,142211,142213,142216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142207,142208],{"class":58},"filename1 ",[52,142210,63],{"class":62},[52,142212,67],{"class":66},[52,142214,142215],{"class":70},"img_101.jpg",[52,142217,74],{"class":66},[52,142219,142220,142223,142225,142227,142230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142221,142222],{"class":58},"filename2 ",[52,142224,63],{"class":62},[52,142226,67],{"class":66},[52,142228,142229],{"class":70},"photo_202.jpg",[52,142231,74],{"class":66},[52,142233,142234,142237,142239,142241,142244],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142235,142236],{"class":58},"filename3 ",[52,142238,63],{"class":62},[52,142240,67],{"class":66},[52,142242,142243],{"class":70},"doc_303.jpg",[52,142245,74],{"class":66},[52,142247,142248],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,142249,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,142253,1365],{"class":58},[52,142255,63],{"class":62},[52,142257,1370],{"class":84},[52,142259,100],{"class":66},[52,142261,141900],{"class":70},[52,142263,100],{"class":66},[52,142265,318],{"class":84},[52,142267,67],{"class":66},[52,142269,141909],{"class":70},[52,142271,100],{"class":66},[52,142273,329],{"class":84},[52,142275,142276],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,142277,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142279,142280,142282,142284,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,142281,81],{"class":80},[52,142283,85],{"class":84},[52,142285,142286],{"class":88},"filename1",[52,142288,92],{"class":84},[52,142290,141365],{"class":88},[52,142292,85],{"class":84},[52,142294,1418],{"class":88},[52,142296,5485],{"class":84},[52,142298,3787],{"class":1479},[52,142300,142301,142303,142305,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,142302,81],{"class":80},[52,142304,85],{"class":84},[52,142306,142307],{"class":88},"filename2",[52,142309,92],{"class":84},[52,142311,141365],{"class":88},[52,142313,85],{"class":84},[52,142315,1418],{"class":88},[52,142317,5485],{"class":84},[52,142319,3787],{"class":1479},[52,142321,142322,142324,142326,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,142323,81],{"class":80},[52,142325,85],{"class":84},[52,142327,142328],{"class":88},"filename3",[52,142330,92],{"class":84},[52,142332,141365],{"class":88},[52,142334,85],{"class":84},[52,142336,1418],{"class":88},[52,142338,5485],{"class":84},[52,142340,4894],{"class":1479},[20,142342,142343],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142345,74892,142346,142350],{},[289,142347,1437,142348,1441],{"href":129883},[15,142349,17],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[38,142352,1102],{"id":1101},[20,142354,142355,1107],{},[15,142356,1440],{},[20,142358,1110,142359,342,142362,1117],{},[15,142360,142361],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142363,142364],{},"\"python\"",[43,142366,142368],{"className":45,"code":142367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142369,142370,142382,142386,142410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142373,207],{"class":58},[52,142375,63],{"class":62},[52,142377,67],{"class":66},[52,142379,7420],{"class":70},[52,142381,74],{"class":66},[52,142383,142384],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142385,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142387,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142389,81],{"class":80},[52,142391,85],{"class":84},[52,142393,231],{"class":88},[52,142395,92],{"class":84},[52,142397,141365],{"class":88},[52,142399,85],{"class":84},[52,142401,100],{"class":66},[52,142403,141476],{"class":70},[52,142405,100],{"class":66},[52,142407,5485],{"class":84},[52,142409,3787],{"class":1479},[52,142411,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,142413,81],{"class":80},[52,142415,85],{"class":84},[52,142417,231],{"class":88},[52,142419,92],{"class":84},[52,142421,141365],{"class":88},[52,142423,85],{"class":84},[52,142425,100],{"class":66},[52,142427,128735],{"class":70},[52,142429,100],{"class":66},[52,142431,5485],{"class":84},[52,142433,4894],{"class":1479},[20,142435,1202,142436,92],{},[289,142437,142438],{"href":1205},[15,142439,1208],{},[43,142441,142443],{"className":45,"code":142442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142444,142445,142457,142461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142446,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142448,207],{"class":58},[52,142450,63],{"class":62},[52,142452,67],{"class":66},[52,142454,7420],{"class":70},[52,142456,74],{"class":66},[52,142458,142459],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142460,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142462,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142464,81],{"class":80},[52,142466,85],{"class":84},[52,142468,231],{"class":88},[52,142470,92],{"class":84},[52,142472,1238],{"class":88},[52,142474,1241],{"class":84},[52,142476,141365],{"class":88},[52,142478,85],{"class":84},[52,142480,100],{"class":66},[52,142482,128735],{"class":70},[52,142484,100],{"class":66},[52,142486,5485],{"class":84},[52,142488,3787],{"class":1479},[38,142490,5084,142492],{"id":142491},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142493,1440],{},[20,142495,142496,142498],{},[15,142497,1440],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142500,9494],{},[176,142502,142503,142506,142509,142518],{},[179,142504,142505],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[179,142507,142508],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[179,142510,142511,142512,32,142515],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142513,142514],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142516,142517],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[179,142519,142520],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142522,197],{},[43,142524,142526],{"className":45,"code":142525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142527,142528,142541,142545,142574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142529,142530,142532,142534,142536,142539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142531,921],{"class":58},[52,142533,63],{"class":62},[52,142535,67],{"class":66},[52,142537,142538],{"class":70},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[52,142540,74],{"class":66},[52,142542,142543],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142544,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142546,142547,142549,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142548,733],{"class":761},[52,142550,142551],{"class":58}," url",[52,142553,92],{"class":84},[52,142555,141365],{"class":88},[52,142557,519],{"class":84},[52,142559,100],{"class":66},[52,142561,142514],{"class":70},[52,142563,100],{"class":66},[52,142565,318],{"class":84},[52,142567,67],{"class":66},[52,142569,142517],{"class":70},[52,142571,100],{"class":66},[52,142573,69683],{"class":84},[52,142575,142576,142578,142580,142582,142585,142587],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,142577,784],{"class":80},[52,142579,85],{"class":84},[52,142581,100],{"class":66},[52,142583,142584],{"class":70},"This looks like a web URL.",[52,142586,100],{"class":66},[52,142588,329],{"class":84},[38,142590,1445],{"id":1444},[20,142592,23221,142593,92],{},[15,142594,1440],{},[412,142596,138729],{"id":142597},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142599,142600,1107],{},[15,142601,1440],{},[43,142603,142605],{"className":45,"code":142604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142606,142607,142619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142608,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142610,207],{"class":58},[52,142612,63],{"class":62},[52,142614,67],{"class":66},[52,142616,7420],{"class":70},[52,142618,74],{"class":66},[52,142620,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142622,81],{"class":80},[52,142624,85],{"class":84},[52,142626,231],{"class":88},[52,142628,92],{"class":84},[52,142630,141365],{"class":88},[52,142632,85],{"class":84},[52,142634,100],{"class":66},[52,142636,47],{"class":70},[52,142638,100],{"class":66},[52,142640,5485],{"class":84},[52,142642,4894],{"class":1479},[20,142644,1586],{},[43,142646,142648],{"className":45,"code":142647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142649,142650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142651,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142666,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142653,81],{"class":80},[52,142655,85],{"class":84},[52,142657,231],{"class":88},[52,142659,92],{"class":84},[52,142661,1238],{"class":88},[52,142663,1241],{"class":84},[52,142665,141365],{"class":88},[52,142667,85],{"class":84},[52,142669,100],{"class":66},[52,142671,47],{"class":70},[52,142673,100],{"class":66},[52,142675,5485],{"class":84},[52,142677,3787],{"class":1479},[412,142679,29776,142681,137211],{"id":142680},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142682,1440],{},[20,142684,142685],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[43,142687,142689],{"className":45,"code":142688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142690,142691,142699,142703,142708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142692,142693,142695,142697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142694,2565],{"class":58},[52,142696,63],{"class":62},[52,142698,125135],{"class":608},[52,142700,142701],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142702,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142704,142705],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142706,142707],{"class":1479},"# This will cause an error:\n",[52,142709,142710],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,142711,142712],{"class":1479},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142714,1586],{},[43,142716,142718],{"className":45,"code":142717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142719,142720,142734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142721,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142723,2565],{"class":58},[52,142725,63],{"class":62},[52,142727,49028],{"class":1929},[52,142729,85],{"class":84},[52,142731,50369],{"class":608},[52,142733,329],{"class":84},[52,142735,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142737,81],{"class":80},[52,142739,85],{"class":84},[52,142741,2591],{"class":88},[52,142743,92],{"class":84},[52,142745,141365],{"class":88},[52,142747,85],{"class":84},[52,142749,100],{"class":66},[52,142751,3106],{"class":70},[52,142753,100],{"class":66},[52,142755,5485],{"class":84},[52,142757,3787],{"class":1479},[412,142759,1632,142761,1635,142763],{"id":142760},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142762,1440],{},[15,142764,1638],{},[20,142766,142767,142769],{},[15,142768,1440],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142771,142772,142773,142775,142776,92],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142774,1638],{}," or methods like ",[289,142777,142778],{"href":124468},[15,142779,1992],{},[43,142781,142783],{"className":45,"code":142782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142784,142785,142797,142801,142825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142786,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142788,207],{"class":58},[52,142790,63],{"class":62},[52,142792,67],{"class":66},[52,142794,214],{"class":70},[52,142796,74],{"class":66},[52,142798,142799],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142800,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142802,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142804,81],{"class":80},[52,142806,85],{"class":84},[52,142808,231],{"class":88},[52,142810,92],{"class":84},[52,142812,141365],{"class":88},[52,142814,85],{"class":84},[52,142816,100],{"class":66},[52,142818,242],{"class":70},[52,142820,100],{"class":66},[52,142822,5485],{"class":84},[52,142824,4894],{"class":1479},[52,142826,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,142828,81],{"class":80},[52,142830,85],{"class":84},[52,142832,100],{"class":66},[52,142834,242],{"class":70},[52,142836,100],{"class":66},[52,142838,1702],{"class":761},[52,142840,1705],{"class":88},[52,142842,3784],{"class":84},[52,142844,142845],{"class":1479},"           # True\n",[20,142847,135763,142848,92],{},[289,142849,1098],{"href":1097},[412,142851,4826,142853,342,142855,142857],{"id":142852},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142854,341],{},[15,142856,345],{}," use index positions",[20,142859,142860,142861,92],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142862,2235],{},[43,142864,142866],{"className":45,"code":142865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142867,142868,142881,142885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142869,142870,142872,142874,142876,142879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142871,207],{"class":58},[52,142873,63],{"class":62},[52,142875,67],{"class":66},[52,142877,142878],{"class":70},"abcdef",[52,142880,74],{"class":66},[52,142882,142883],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142884,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,142886,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,142888,81],{"class":80},[52,142890,85],{"class":84},[52,142892,231],{"class":88},[52,142894,92],{"class":84},[52,142896,141365],{"class":88},[52,142898,85],{"class":84},[52,142900,100],{"class":66},[52,142902,142903],{"class":70},"cd",[52,142905,100],{"class":66},[52,142907,318],{"class":84},[52,142909,3111],{"class":608},[52,142911,5485],{"class":84},[52,142913,3787],{"class":1479},[412,142915,142917],{"id":142916},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142919,142920],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142922,16769],{},[43,142924,142926],{"className":45,"code":142925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142927,142928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142929,142930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142931,142925],{"class":1479},[20,142933,16781],{},[43,142935,142937],{"className":45,"code":142936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142938,142939,142951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142940,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142942,207],{"class":58},[52,142944,63],{"class":62},[52,142946,67],{"class":66},[52,142948,7420],{"class":70},[52,142950,74],{"class":66},[52,142952,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975,142978,142980,142982],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,142954,81],{"class":80},[52,142956,85],{"class":84},[52,142958,231],{"class":88},[52,142960,92],{"class":84},[52,142962,141365],{"class":88},[52,142964,519],{"class":84},[52,142966,100],{"class":66},[52,142968,141476],{"class":70},[52,142970,100],{"class":66},[52,142972,318],{"class":84},[52,142974,67],{"class":66},[52,142976,142977],{"class":70},"Ja",[52,142979,100],{"class":66},[52,142981,51214],{"class":84},[52,142983,3787],{"class":1479},[20,142985,32208],{},[43,142987,142989],{"className":45,"code":142988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142990,142991,143001,143015,143037,143063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142992,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142994,81],{"class":80},[52,142996,85],{"class":84},[52,142998,231],{"class":88},[52,143000,329],{"class":84},[52,143002,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143004,81],{"class":80},[52,143006,85],{"class":84},[52,143008,1930],{"class":1929},[52,143010,85],{"class":84},[52,143012,231],{"class":88},[52,143014,108],{"class":84},[52,143016,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,143018,81],{"class":80},[52,143020,85],{"class":84},[52,143022,231],{"class":88},[52,143024,92],{"class":84},[52,143026,141365],{"class":88},[52,143028,85],{"class":84},[52,143030,100],{"class":66},[52,143032,141476],{"class":70},[52,143034,100],{"class":66},[52,143036,108],{"class":84},[52,143038,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,143040,81],{"class":80},[52,143042,85],{"class":84},[52,143044,231],{"class":88},[52,143046,92],{"class":84},[52,143048,1238],{"class":88},[52,143050,1241],{"class":84},[52,143052,141365],{"class":88},[52,143054,85],{"class":84},[52,143056,100],{"class":66},[52,143058,128735],{"class":70},[52,143060,100],{"class":66},[52,143062,108],{"class":84},[52,143064,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083,143085,143087,143089,143091],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,143066,81],{"class":80},[52,143068,85],{"class":84},[52,143070,231],{"class":88},[52,143072,92],{"class":84},[52,143074,141365],{"class":88},[52,143076,519],{"class":84},[52,143078,100],{"class":66},[52,143080,141476],{"class":70},[52,143082,100],{"class":66},[52,143084,318],{"class":84},[52,143086,67],{"class":66},[52,143088,142977],{"class":70},[52,143090,100],{"class":66},[52,143092,546],{"class":84},[38,143094,1940],{"id":1939},[412,143096,1944,143098,1947],{"id":143097},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143099,1440],{},[20,143101,143102,143103,32,143105,92],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143104,31],{},[15,143106,35],{},[412,143108,1958,143110,143112],{"id":143109},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143111,1440],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143114,143115],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[43,143117,143119],{"className":45,"code":143118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143120,143121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143122,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143124,231],{"class":58},[52,143126,92],{"class":84},[52,143128,141365],{"class":88},[52,143130,519],{"class":84},[52,143132,100],{"class":66},[52,143134,289],{"class":70},[52,143136,100],{"class":66},[52,143138,318],{"class":84},[52,143140,67],{"class":66},[52,143142,4883],{"class":70},[52,143144,100],{"class":66},[52,143146,108],{"class":84},[412,143148,1971,143150,1974],{"id":143149},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143151,1440],{},[20,143153,129818],{},[412,143155,1987,143157,342,143159,1993],{"id":143156},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143158,1440],{},[15,143160,1638],{},[20,143162,143163,143165,143166,143168],{},[15,143164,1440],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143167,1638],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[412,143170,28454,143172,342,143174,1635,143176,1993],{"id":143171},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143173,341],{},[15,143175,345],{},[15,143177,1440],{},[20,143179,143180],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[38,143182,2005],{"id":2004},[176,143184,143185,143191,143197,143203,143207],{},[179,143186,143187],{},[289,143188,1437,143189,1441],{"href":129883},[15,143190,17],{},[179,143192,143193],{},[289,143194,1437,143195,1441],{"href":124468},[15,143196,1992],{},[179,143198,143199],{},[289,143200,1437,143201,1441],{"href":1205},[15,143202,1208],{},[179,143204,143205],{},[289,143206,2024],{"href":1097},[179,143208,143209],{},[289,143210,292],{"href":291},[2035,143212,143213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":141690,"depth":77,"text":141691,"children":143220},[143221,143222,143223,143224],{"id":141528,"depth":111,"text":141528},{"id":341,"depth":111,"text":341},{"id":345,"depth":111,"text":345},{"id":141857,"depth":111,"text":141858},{"id":709,"depth":77,"text":710},{"id":142035,"depth":77,"text":143227},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142189,"depth":77,"text":142190},{"id":1101,"depth":77,"text":1102},{"id":142491,"depth":77,"text":143231},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":143233},[143234,143235,143237,143239,143241],{"id":142597,"depth":111,"text":138729},{"id":142680,"depth":111,"text":143236},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142760,"depth":111,"text":143238},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142852,"depth":111,"text":143240},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142916,"depth":111,"text":142917},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":143243},[143244,143246,143248,143250,143252],{"id":143097,"depth":111,"text":143245},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143109,"depth":111,"text":143247},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143149,"depth":111,"text":143249},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143156,"depth":111,"text":143251},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143171,"depth":111,"text":143253},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141311,"description":143255},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143262,"title":143263,"body":143264,"description":144718,"extension":2078,"meta":144719,"navigation":221,"path":144720,"seo":144721,"stem":144722,"__hash__":144723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143265,"toc":144688},[143266,143271,143276,143279,143281,143325,143327,143335,143340,143345,143350,143352,143370,143372,143418,143420,143434,143443,143447,143449,143451,143463,143468,143471,143503,143505,143514,143519,143522,143563,143565,143573,143575,143588,143594,143598,143601,143617,143619,143668,143670,143679,143682,143741,143743,143752,143759,143762,143815,143817,143841,143848,143854,143858,143864,143867,143878,143880,143920,143922,143930,143932,143972,143974,143983,143985,144003,144006,144013,144024,144027,144044,144046,144123,144125,144156,144159,144161,144164,144190,144192,144232,144234,144243,144253,144261,144269,144274,144279,144281,144295,144297,144348,144350,144359,144369,144371,144373,144395,144398,144477,144479,144515,144518,144593,144598,144600,144606,144611,144616,144619,144625,144628,144635,144643,144647,144655,144657,144685],[10,143267,13,143269,18],{"id":143268},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143270,1837],{},[20,143272,32443,143273,143275],{},[15,143274,1837],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143277,143278],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[38,143280,3729],{"id":3728},[43,143282,143284],{"className":45,"code":143283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143285,143286,143299,143314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143287,143288,143290,143292,143294,143297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143289,207],{"class":58},[52,143291,63],{"class":62},[52,143293,67],{"class":66},[52,143295,143296],{"class":70},"  hello  ",[52,143298,74],{"class":66},[52,143300,143301,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143302,143303],{"class":58},"clean_text ",[52,143305,63],{"class":62},[52,143307,1705],{"class":58},[52,143309,92],{"class":84},[52,143311,8756],{"class":88},[52,143313,8763],{"class":84},[52,143315,143316,143318,143320,143323],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,143317,81],{"class":80},[52,143319,85],{"class":84},[52,143321,143322],{"class":88},"clean_text",[52,143324,329],{"class":84},[20,143326,135],{},[43,143328,143329],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143330,143331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143332,143333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143334,138604],{"class":58},[20,143336,154,143337,143339],{},[15,143338,1837],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[38,143341,166,143343,169],{"id":143342},"what-strip-does",[15,143344,1837],{},[20,143346,143347,143349],{},[15,143348,1837],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143351,13175],{},[176,143353,143354,143358,143361,143364,143367],{},[179,143355,143356,131639],{},[15,143357,1837],{},[179,143359,143360],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[179,143362,143363],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[179,143365,143366],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[179,143368,143369],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143371,197],{},[43,143373,143375],{"className":45,"code":143374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143376,143377,143390,143394,143408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143378,143379,143381,143383,143385,143388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143380,207],{"class":58},[52,143382,63],{"class":62},[52,143384,67],{"class":66},[52,143386,143387],{"class":70},"  hello world  ",[52,143389,74],{"class":66},[52,143391,143392],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143393,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,143395,143396,143398,143400,143402,143404,143406],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,143397,81],{"class":80},[52,143399,85],{"class":84},[52,143401,231],{"class":88},[52,143403,92],{"class":84},[52,143405,8756],{"class":88},[52,143407,7317],{"class":84},[52,143409,143410,143412,143414,143416],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,143411,81],{"class":80},[52,143413,85],{"class":84},[52,143415,231],{"class":88},[52,143417,329],{"class":84},[20,143419,135],{},[43,143421,143423],{"className":45,"code":143422,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143424,143425,143429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143426,143427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143428,134305],{"class":58},[52,143430,143431],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143432,143433],{"class":58},"  hello world\n",[20,143435,143436,143437,143439,143440,143442],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143438,1837],{},", but the original ",[15,143441,231],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143444,125205,143445,92],{},[289,143446,292],{"href":291},[38,143448,296],{"id":295},[20,143450,26613],{},[176,143452,143453,143458],{},[179,143454,143455],{},[15,143456,143457],{},"string.strip()",[179,143459,143460],{},[15,143461,143462],{},"string.strip(chars)",[412,143464,143466],{"id":143465},"stringstrip",[15,143467,143457],{},[20,143469,143470],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[43,143472,143474],{"className":45,"code":143473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143475,143476,143489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143477,143478,143480,143482,143484,143487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143479,441],{"class":58},[52,143481,63],{"class":62},[52,143483,67],{"class":66},[52,143485,143486],{"class":70},"  Alice  ",[52,143488,74],{"class":66},[52,143490,143491,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143492,81],{"class":80},[52,143494,85],{"class":84},[52,143496,459],{"class":88},[52,143498,92],{"class":84},[52,143500,8756],{"class":88},[52,143502,7317],{"class":84},[20,143504,135],{},[43,143506,143508],{"className":45,"code":143507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Alice\n",[15,143509,143510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143511,143512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143513,143507],{"class":58},[412,143515,143517],{"id":143516},"stringstripchars",[15,143518,143462],{},[20,143520,143521],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[43,143523,143525],{"className":45,"code":143524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143526,143527,143540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143528,143529,143531,143533,143535,143538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143530,207],{"class":58},[52,143532,63],{"class":62},[52,143534,67],{"class":66},[52,143536,143537],{"class":70},"!!hello??",[52,143539,74],{"class":66},[52,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556,143559,143561],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143543,81],{"class":80},[52,143545,85],{"class":84},[52,143547,231],{"class":88},[52,143549,92],{"class":84},[52,143551,8756],{"class":88},[52,143553,85],{"class":84},[52,143555,100],{"class":66},[52,143557,143558],{"class":70},"!?",[52,143560,100],{"class":66},[52,143562,108],{"class":84},[20,143564,135],{},[43,143566,143567],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143568,143569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143570,143571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143572,138604],{"class":58},[20,143574,83941],{},[176,143576,143577,143582],{},[179,143578,143579,143581],{},[15,143580,134548],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[179,143583,143584,143585,143587],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143586,134548],{}," does not matter",[38,143589,143591,143592],{"id":143590},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143593,1837],{},[20,143595,31010,143596,92],{},[15,143597,1837],{},[20,143599,143600],{},"It is useful for:",[176,143602,143603,143608,143611,143614],{},[179,143604,143605,143606,4006],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143607,3075],{},[179,143609,143610],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[179,143612,143613],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[179,143615,143616],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143618,48485],{},[43,143620,143622],{"className":45,"code":143621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143623,143624,143637,143653,143657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143625,143626,143628,143630,143632,143635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143627,8085],{"class":58},[52,143629,63],{"class":62},[52,143631,67],{"class":66},[52,143633,143634],{"class":70},"  sam  ",[52,143636,74],{"class":66},[52,143638,143639,143642,143644,143647,143649,143651],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143640,143641],{"class":58},"clean_username ",[52,143643,63],{"class":62},[52,143645,143646],{"class":58}," username",[52,143648,92],{"class":84},[52,143650,8756],{"class":88},[52,143652,8763],{"class":84},[52,143654,143655],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,143656,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,143658,143659,143661,143663,143666],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,143660,81],{"class":80},[52,143662,85],{"class":84},[52,143664,143665],{"class":88},"clean_username",[52,143667,329],{"class":84},[20,143669,135],{},[43,143671,143673],{"className":45,"code":143672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sam\n",[15,143674,143675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143676,143677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143678,143672],{"class":58},[20,143680,143681],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[43,143683,143685],{"className":45,"code":143684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143686,143687,143700,143704,143726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143688,143689,143691,143693,143695,143698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143690,136532],{"class":58},[52,143692,63],{"class":62},[52,143694,67],{"class":66},[52,143696,143697],{"class":70}," yes  ",[52,143699,74],{"class":66},[52,143701,143702],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143703,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,143705,143706,143708,143710,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,143707,733],{"class":761},[52,143709,136552],{"class":58},[52,143711,92],{"class":84},[52,143713,8756],{"class":88},[52,143715,7489],{"class":84},[52,143717,6531],{"class":62},[52,143719,67],{"class":66},[52,143721,8778],{"class":70},[52,143723,100],{"class":66},[52,143725,804],{"class":84},[52,143727,143728,143730,143732,143734,143737,143739],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,143729,784],{"class":80},[52,143731,85],{"class":84},[52,143733,100],{"class":66},[52,143735,143736],{"class":70},"Matched",[52,143738,100],{"class":66},[52,143740,329],{"class":84},[20,143742,135],{},[43,143744,143746],{"className":45,"code":143745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Matched\n",[15,143747,143748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143749,143750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143751,143745],{"class":58},[20,143753,143754,143755,92],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[289,143756,143758],{"href":143757},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143760,143761],{},"Example with file-style text:",[43,143763,143765],{"className":45,"code":143764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143766,143767,143783,143797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143768,143769,143772,143774,143776,143779,143781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143770,143771],{"class":58},"line ",[52,143773,63],{"class":62},[52,143775,67],{"class":66},[52,143777,143778],{"class":70},"Python basics",[52,143780,87270],{"class":841},[52,143782,74],{"class":66},[52,143784,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143786,81],{"class":80},[52,143788,85],{"class":84},[52,143790,1865],{"class":80},[52,143792,85],{"class":84},[52,143794,54],{"class":88},[52,143796,108],{"class":84},[52,143798,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809,143811,143813],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,143800,81],{"class":80},[52,143802,85],{"class":84},[52,143804,1865],{"class":80},[52,143806,85],{"class":84},[52,143808,54],{"class":88},[52,143810,92],{"class":84},[52,143812,8756],{"class":88},[52,143814,6413],{"class":84},[20,143816,135],{},[43,143818,143820],{"className":45,"code":143819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143821,143822,143833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143823,143824,143826,143828,143831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143825,1888],{"class":43453},[52,143827,143778],{"class":43457},[52,143829,87270],{"class":143830},"sfi6f",[52,143832,29826],{"class":43453},[52,143834,143835,143837,143839],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143836,1888],{"class":43453},[52,143838,143778],{"class":43457},[52,143840,29826],{"class":43453},[20,143842,1828,143843,143845,143846,92],{},[15,143844,122681],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143847,87270],{},[20,143849,143850,143851,92],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[289,143852,143853],{"href":87923},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[38,143855,143857],{"id":143856},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143859,143860,143861,92],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143862,143863],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143865,143866],{},"Python will:",[176,143868,143869,143872,143875],{},[179,143870,143871],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[179,143873,143874],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[179,143876,143877],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143879,197],{},[43,143881,143883],{"className":45,"code":143882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143884,143885,143898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143886,143887,143889,143891,143893,143896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143888,207],{"class":58},[52,143890,63],{"class":62},[52,143892,67],{"class":66},[52,143894,143895],{"class":70},"??hello!!",[52,143897,74],{"class":66},[52,143899,143900,143902,143904,143906,143908,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143901,81],{"class":80},[52,143903,85],{"class":84},[52,143905,231],{"class":88},[52,143907,92],{"class":84},[52,143909,8756],{"class":88},[52,143911,85],{"class":84},[52,143913,100],{"class":66},[52,143915,143558],{"class":70},[52,143917,100],{"class":66},[52,143919,108],{"class":84},[20,143921,135],{},[43,143923,143924],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143925,143926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143927,143928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143929,138604],{"class":58},[20,143931,1342],{},[43,143933,143935],{"className":45,"code":143934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143936,143937,143950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143938,143939,143941,143943,143945,143948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143940,207],{"class":58},[52,143942,63],{"class":62},[52,143944,67],{"class":66},[52,143946,143947],{"class":70},"abcHelloCba",[52,143949,74],{"class":66},[52,143951,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962,143964,143966,143968,143970],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,143953,81],{"class":80},[52,143955,85],{"class":84},[52,143957,231],{"class":88},[52,143959,92],{"class":84},[52,143961,8756],{"class":88},[52,143963,85],{"class":84},[52,143965,100],{"class":66},[52,143967,41687],{"class":70},[52,143969,100],{"class":66},[52,143971,108],{"class":84},[20,143973,135],{},[43,143975,143977],{"className":45,"code":143976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloC\n",[15,143978,143979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143980,143981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143982,143976],{"class":58},[20,143984,6358],{},[20,143986,143987,14178,143990,143992,143993,143995,143996,2305,143998,2309,144000,144002],{},[15,143988,143989],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3865,143991,4752],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143994,41687],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143997,289],{},[15,143999,4883],{},[15,144001,9860],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144004,144005],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144007,144008,144009,6755],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[289,144010,144011],{"href":129870},[15,144012,1834],{},[38,144014,144016,10707,144018,10707,144021],{"id":144015},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144017,1837],{},[15,144019,144020],{},"lstrip()",[15,144022,144023],{},"rstrip()",[20,144025,144026],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[176,144028,144029,144034,144039],{},[179,144030,144031,144033],{},[15,144032,1837],{}," removes from both ends",[179,144035,144036,144038],{},[15,144037,144020],{}," removes from the left side only",[179,144040,144041,144043],{},[15,144042,144023],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144045,197],{},[43,144047,144049],{"className":45,"code":144048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144050,144051,144063,144067,144085,144104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144052,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144054,207],{"class":58},[52,144056,63],{"class":62},[52,144058,67],{"class":66},[52,144060,143296],{"class":70},[52,144062,74],{"class":66},[52,144064,144065],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144066,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,144068,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144070,81],{"class":80},[52,144072,85],{"class":84},[52,144074,1865],{"class":80},[52,144076,85],{"class":84},[52,144078,231],{"class":88},[52,144080,92],{"class":84},[52,144082,8756],{"class":88},[52,144084,6413],{"class":84},[52,144086,144087,144089,144091,144093,144095,144097,144099,144102],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144088,81],{"class":80},[52,144090,85],{"class":84},[52,144092,1865],{"class":80},[52,144094,85],{"class":84},[52,144096,231],{"class":88},[52,144098,92],{"class":84},[52,144100,144101],{"class":88},"lstrip",[52,144103,6413],{"class":84},[52,144105,144106,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116,144118,144121],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,144107,81],{"class":80},[52,144109,85],{"class":84},[52,144111,1865],{"class":80},[52,144113,85],{"class":84},[52,144115,231],{"class":88},[52,144117,92],{"class":84},[52,144119,144120],{"class":88},"rstrip",[52,144122,6413],{"class":84},[20,144124,135],{},[43,144126,144128],{"className":45,"code":144127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144129,144130,144138,144147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144131,144132,144134,144136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144133,1888],{"class":43453},[52,144135,266],{"class":43457},[52,144137,29826],{"class":43453},[52,144139,144140,144142,144145],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144141,1888],{"class":43453},[52,144143,144144],{"class":43457},"hello  ",[52,144146,29826],{"class":43453},[52,144148,144149,144151,144154],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144150,1888],{"class":43453},[52,144152,144153],{"class":43457},"  hello",[52,144155,29826],{"class":43453},[20,144157,144158],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[38,144160,108477],{"id":108476},[20,144162,144163],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[176,144165,144166,144174,144184,144187],{},[179,144167,144168,144170,144171,144173],{},[15,144169,143989],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144172,41656],{}," once",[179,144175,144176,144177,2305,144179,2309,144181,144183],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144178,289],{},[15,144180,4883],{},[15,144182,9860],{}," from both ends",[179,144185,144186],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[179,144188,144189],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144191,197],{},[43,144193,144195],{"className":45,"code":144194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144196,144197,144210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144198,144199,144201,144203,144205,144208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144200,59],{"class":58},[52,144202,63],{"class":62},[52,144204,67],{"class":66},[52,144206,144207],{"class":70},"txt_report.txt",[52,144209,74],{"class":66},[52,144211,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228,144230],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144213,81],{"class":80},[52,144215,85],{"class":84},[52,144217,89],{"class":88},[52,144219,92],{"class":84},[52,144221,8756],{"class":88},[52,144223,85],{"class":84},[52,144225,100],{"class":66},[52,144227,128],{"class":70},[52,144229,100],{"class":66},[52,144231,108],{"class":84},[20,144233,135],{},[43,144235,144237],{"className":45,"code":144236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"_report\n",[15,144238,144239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144240,144241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144242,144236],{"class":58},[20,144244,144245,144246,2305,144248,2309,144250,144252],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144247,92],{},[15,144249,63408],{},[15,144251,2289],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144254,53775,144255,4906,144258,144260],{},[15,144256,144257],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3865,144259,4752],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144262,144263,144264,144268],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[289,144265,144266],{"href":129870},[15,144267,1834],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[38,144270,5084,144272],{"id":144271},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144273,1837],{},[20,144275,154,144276,144278],{},[15,144277,1837],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144280,36551],{},[176,144282,144283,144287,144289,144292],{},[179,144284,143605,144285,4006],{},[15,144286,3075],{},[179,144288,143610],{},[179,144290,144291],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[179,144293,144294],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144296,197],{},[43,144298,144300],{"className":45,"code":144299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144301,144302,144316,144320,144333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144303,144304,144307,144309,144311,144314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144305,144306],{"class":58},"email ",[52,144308,63],{"class":62},[52,144310,67],{"class":66},[52,144312,144313],{"class":70},"  user@example.com  ",[52,144315,74],{"class":66},[52,144317,144318],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144319,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,144321,144322,144324,144327,144329,144331],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144323,733],{"class":761},[52,144325,144326],{"class":58}," email",[52,144328,92],{"class":84},[52,144330,8756],{"class":88},[52,144332,21721],{"class":84},[52,144334,144335,144337,144339,144341,144344,144346],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144336,784],{"class":80},[52,144338,85],{"class":84},[52,144340,100],{"class":66},[52,144342,144343],{"class":70},"Email was entered",[52,144345,100],{"class":66},[52,144347,329],{"class":84},[20,144349,135],{},[43,144351,144353],{"className":45,"code":144352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Email was entered\n",[15,144354,144355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144356,144357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144358,144352],{"class":58},[20,144360,144361,144362,144364,144365,92],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144363,1837],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[289,144366,144367],{"href":1205},[15,144368,1208],{},[38,144370,1445],{"id":1444},[20,144372,84360],{},[176,144374,144375,144379,144384,144389],{},[179,144376,1725,144377,131509],{},[15,144378,1837],{},[179,144380,1725,144381,144383],{},[15,144382,1837],{}," to remove text from the middle",[179,144385,1828,144386,144388],{},[15,144387,144257],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[179,144390,4826,144391,144394],{},[15,144392,144393],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144396,144397],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[43,144399,144401],{"className":45,"code":144400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144402,144403,144417,144421,144431,144445,144459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144404,144405,144407,144409,144411,144413,144415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144406,207],{"class":58},[52,144408,63],{"class":62},[52,144410,67],{"class":66},[52,144412,144153],{"class":70},[52,144414,87270],{"class":841},[52,144416,74],{"class":66},[52,144418,144419],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144420,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,144422,144423,144425,144427,144429],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144424,81],{"class":80},[52,144426,85],{"class":84},[52,144428,231],{"class":88},[52,144430,329],{"class":84},[52,144432,144433,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144434,81],{"class":80},[52,144436,85],{"class":84},[52,144438,1865],{"class":80},[52,144440,85],{"class":84},[52,144442,231],{"class":88},[52,144444,108],{"class":84},[52,144446,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,144448,81],{"class":80},[52,144450,85],{"class":84},[52,144452,231],{"class":88},[52,144454,92],{"class":84},[52,144456,8756],{"class":88},[52,144458,7317],{"class":84},[52,144460,144461,144463,144465,144467,144469,144471,144473,144475],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,144462,81],{"class":80},[52,144464,85],{"class":84},[52,144466,1865],{"class":80},[52,144468,85],{"class":84},[52,144470,231],{"class":88},[52,144472,92],{"class":84},[52,144474,8756],{"class":88},[52,144476,6413],{"class":84},[20,144478,135],{},[43,144480,144482],{"className":45,"code":144481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144483,144484,144489,144493,144503,144507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144485,144486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144487,144488],{"class":58},"  hello\n",[52,144490,144491],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144492,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,144494,144495,144497,144499,144501],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144496,1888],{"class":43453},[52,144498,144153],{"class":43457},[52,144500,87270],{"class":143830},[52,144502,29826],{"class":43453},[52,144504,144505],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144506,138604],{"class":58},[52,144508,144509,144511,144513],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,144510,1888],{"class":43453},[52,144512,266],{"class":43457},[52,144514,29826],{"class":43453},[20,144516,144517],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[43,144519,144521],{"className":45,"code":144520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144522,144523,144533,144547,144561,144579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144524,144525,144527,144529,144531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144526,81],{"class":80},[52,144528,85],{"class":84},[52,144530,231],{"class":88},[52,144532,329],{"class":84},[52,144534,144535,144537,144539,144541,144543,144545],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144536,81],{"class":80},[52,144538,85],{"class":84},[52,144540,1865],{"class":80},[52,144542,85],{"class":84},[52,144544,231],{"class":88},[52,144546,108],{"class":84},[52,144548,144549,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144550,81],{"class":80},[52,144552,85],{"class":84},[52,144554,231],{"class":88},[52,144556,92],{"class":84},[52,144558,8756],{"class":88},[52,144560,7317],{"class":84},[52,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144564,81],{"class":80},[52,144566,85],{"class":84},[52,144568,1865],{"class":80},[52,144570,85],{"class":84},[52,144572,231],{"class":88},[52,144574,92],{"class":84},[52,144576,8756],{"class":88},[52,144578,6413],{"class":84},[52,144580,144581,144583,144585,144587,144589,144591],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,144582,32278],{"class":80},[52,144584,85],{"class":84},[52,144586,3563],{"class":1929},[52,144588,92],{"class":84},[52,144590,8756],{"class":1803},[52,144592,329],{"class":84},[20,144594,144595,144597],{},[15,144596,122681],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[38,144599,1940],{"id":1939},[412,144601,1944,144603,144605],{"id":144602},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144604,1837],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144607,46488,144608,144610],{},[15,144609,1837],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[412,144612,1944,144614,124783],{"id":144613},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144615,1837],{},[20,144617,144618],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[412,144620,5266,144622,144624],{"id":144621},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144623,1837],{}," remove by default?",[20,144626,144627],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[412,144629,34332,144631,34335,144633,1993],{"id":144630},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144632,1837],{},[15,144634,1834],{},[20,144636,144637,144639,144640,144642],{},[15,144638,1837],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144641,1834],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[412,144644,144646],{"id":144645},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144648,1977,144649,144651,144652,144654],{},[15,144650,144020],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144653,144023],{}," for the right side.",[38,144656,2005],{"id":2004},[176,144658,144659,144665,144671,144676,144681],{},[179,144660,144661],{},[289,144662,1437,144663,1441],{"href":1205},[15,144664,1208],{},[179,144666,144667],{},[289,144668,1437,144669,1441],{"href":129870},[15,144670,1834],{},[179,144672,144673],{},[289,144674,144675],{"href":143757},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[179,144677,144678],{},[289,144679,144680],{"href":87923},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[179,144682,144683],{},[289,144684,292],{"href":291},[2035,144686,144687],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":144689},[144690,144691,144693,144697,144699,144700,144702,144703,144705,144706,144717],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":143342,"depth":77,"text":144692},"What strip() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":144694},[144695,144696],{"id":143465,"depth":111,"text":143457},{"id":143516,"depth":111,"text":143462},{"id":143590,"depth":77,"text":144698},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143856,"depth":77,"text":143857},{"id":144015,"depth":77,"text":144701},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108476,"depth":77,"text":108477},{"id":144271,"depth":77,"text":144704},"When to use strip()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":144707},[144708,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"id":144602,"depth":111,"text":144709},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144613,"depth":111,"text":144711},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144621,"depth":111,"text":144713},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144630,"depth":111,"text":144715},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144645,"depth":111,"text":144646},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143263,"description":144718},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144725,"title":144726,"body":144727,"description":145907,"extension":2078,"meta":145908,"navigation":221,"path":145909,"seo":145910,"stem":145911,"__hash__":145912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144728,"toc":145877},[144729,144734,144739,144744,144746,144792,144800,144805,144819,144825,144827,144829,144844,144846,144856,144859,144890,144893,144916,144918,144921,144978,144980,144994,144996,145010,145016,145021,145024,145065,145067,145076,145084,145087,145132,145134,145143,145146,145150,145155,145169,145171,145203,145205,145225,145228,145233,145238,145240,145251,145254,145311,145313,145321,145330,145332,145334,145340,145342,145379,145381,145389,145391,145432,145434,145443,145448,145453,145455,145482,145489,145492,145523,145525,145534,145540,145549,145580,145582,145594,145607,145611,145616,145646,145648,145715,145717,145727,145729,145734,145737,145742,145747,145751,145757,145763,145766,145768,145826,145828,145836,145838,145874],[10,144730,13,144732,18],{"id":144731},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144733,1982],{},[20,144735,22,144736,144738],{},[15,144737,1982],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144740,84737,144741,144743],{},[15,144742,1982],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[38,144745,41],{"id":40},[43,144747,144749],{"className":45,"code":144748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144750,144751,144763,144777,144787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144752,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144754,207],{"class":58},[52,144756,63],{"class":62},[52,144758,67],{"class":66},[52,144760,129008],{"class":70},[52,144762,74],{"class":66},[52,144764,144765,144767,144769,144771,144773,144775],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144766,2346],{"class":58},[52,144768,63],{"class":62},[52,144770,1705],{"class":58},[52,144772,92],{"class":84},[52,144774,34604],{"class":88},[52,144776,8763],{"class":84},[52,144778,144779,144781,144783,144785],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144780,81],{"class":80},[52,144782,85],{"class":84},[52,144784,2381],{"class":88},[52,144786,329],{"class":84},[52,144788,144789],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144790,144791],{"class":1479},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144793,144794,144796,144797,144799],{},[15,144795,1982],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3865,144798,4752],{}," change the original string in place.",[38,144801,166,144803,169],{"id":144802},"what-upper-does",[15,144804,1982],{},[176,144806,144807,144812,144815,144817],{},[179,144808,144809,144811],{},[15,144810,1982],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[179,144813,144814],{},"It works on string values only",[179,144816,133537],{},[179,144818,136255],{},[20,144820,125205,144821,32,144823,92],{},[289,144822,136261],{"href":136260},[289,144824,292],{"href":291},[38,144826,296],{"id":295},[20,144828,2275],{},[43,144830,144832],{"className":45,"code":144831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.upper()\n",[15,144833,144834],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144835,144836,144838,144840,144842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144837,306],{"class":58},[52,144839,92],{"class":84},[52,144841,34604],{"class":88},[52,144843,8763],{"class":84},[20,144845,11580],{},[176,144847,144848,144850,144853],{},[179,144849,97642],{},[179,144851,144852],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[179,144854,144855],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144857,144858],{},"Example with a variable:",[43,144860,144862],{"className":45,"code":144861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144863,144864,144876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144865,144866,144868,144870,144872,144874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144867,441],{"class":58},[52,144869,63],{"class":62},[52,144871,67],{"class":66},[52,144873,47],{"class":70},[52,144875,74],{"class":66},[52,144877,144878,144880,144882,144884,144886,144888],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144879,81],{"class":80},[52,144881,85],{"class":84},[52,144883,459],{"class":88},[52,144885,92],{"class":84},[52,144887,34604],{"class":88},[52,144889,7317],{"class":84},[20,144891,144892],{},"Example with a string literal:",[43,144894,144896],{"className":45,"code":144895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144897,144898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144899,144900,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910,144912,144914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144901,81],{"class":80},[52,144903,85],{"class":84},[52,144905,100],{"class":66},[52,144907,266],{"class":70},[52,144909,100],{"class":66},[52,144911,92],{"class":84},[52,144913,34604],{"class":88},[52,144915,7317],{"class":84},[38,144917,11597],{"id":11596},[20,144919,144920],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[43,144922,144924],{"className":45,"code":144923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144925,144926,144938,144953,144957,144967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144929,6277],{"class":58},[52,144931,63],{"class":62},[52,144933,67],{"class":66},[52,144935,4208],{"class":70},[52,144937,74],{"class":66},[52,144939,144940,144943,144945,144947,144949,144951],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144941,144942],{"class":58},"uppercase_word ",[52,144944,63],{"class":62},[52,144946,38507],{"class":58},[52,144948,92],{"class":84},[52,144950,34604],{"class":88},[52,144952,8763],{"class":84},[52,144954,144955],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,144956,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,144958,144959,144961,144963,144965],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,144960,81],{"class":80},[52,144962,85],{"class":84},[52,144964,38517],{"class":88},[52,144966,329],{"class":84},[52,144968,144969,144971,144973,144976],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,144970,81],{"class":80},[52,144972,85],{"class":84},[52,144974,144975],{"class":88},"uppercase_word",[52,144977,329],{"class":84},[20,144979,135],{},[43,144981,144983],{"className":45,"code":144982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144984,144985,144989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144986,144987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144988,70526],{"class":58},[52,144990,144991],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,144992,144993],{"class":841},"BANANA\n",[20,144995,112582],{},[176,144997,144998,145003],{},[179,144999,145000,145002],{},[15,145001,38517],{}," keeps its original value",[179,145004,145005,145007,145008],{},[15,145006,144975],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145009,1982],{},[38,145011,145013,145015],{"id":145012},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145014,1982],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145017,136921,145018,145020],{},[3865,145019,136924],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145022,145023],{},"So this method:",[43,145025,145027],{"className":45,"code":145026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145028,145029,145041,145051,145055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145030,145031,145033,145035,145037,145039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145032,441],{"class":58},[52,145034,63],{"class":62},[52,145036,67],{"class":66},[52,145038,17928],{"class":70},[52,145040,74],{"class":66},[52,145042,145043,145045,145047,145049],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145044,459],{"class":58},[52,145046,92],{"class":84},[52,145048,34604],{"class":88},[52,145050,8763],{"class":84},[52,145052,145053],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145054,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,145056,145057,145059,145061,145063],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,145058,81],{"class":80},[52,145060,85],{"class":84},[52,145062,459],{"class":88},[52,145064,329],{"class":84},[20,145066,135],{},[43,145068,145070],{"className":45,"code":145069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"alice\n",[15,145071,145072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145073,145074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145075,145069],{"class":58},[20,145077,21104,145078,145080,145081,145083],{},[15,145079,1982],{}," was called, ",[15,145082,459],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145085,145086],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[43,145088,145090],{"className":45,"code":145089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145091,145092,145104,145118,145122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145093,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145095,441],{"class":58},[52,145097,63],{"class":62},[52,145099,67],{"class":66},[52,145101,17928],{"class":70},[52,145103,74],{"class":66},[52,145105,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145107,441],{"class":58},[52,145109,63],{"class":62},[52,145111,36118],{"class":58},[52,145113,92],{"class":84},[52,145115,34604],{"class":88},[52,145117,8763],{"class":84},[52,145119,145120],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145121,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,145123,145124,145126,145128,145130],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,145125,81],{"class":80},[52,145127,85],{"class":84},[52,145129,459],{"class":88},[52,145131,329],{"class":84},[20,145133,135],{},[43,145135,145137],{"className":45,"code":145136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ALICE\n",[15,145138,145139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145140,145141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145142,145136],{"class":841},[20,145144,145145],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[38,145147,145149],{"id":145148},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145151,145152,145154],{},[15,145153,1982],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[176,145156,145157,145160,145163,145166],{},[179,145158,145159],{},"Numbers stay the same",[179,145161,145162],{},"Spaces stay the same",[179,145164,145165],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[179,145167,145168],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145170,197],{},[43,145172,145174],{"className":45,"code":145173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145175,145176,145189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145177,145178,145180,145182,145184,145187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145179,207],{"class":58},[52,145181,63],{"class":62},[52,145183,67],{"class":66},[52,145185,145186],{"class":70},"Room 7, table #3!",[52,145188,74],{"class":66},[52,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199,145201],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145192,81],{"class":80},[52,145194,85],{"class":84},[52,145196,231],{"class":88},[52,145198,92],{"class":84},[52,145200,34604],{"class":88},[52,145202,7317],{"class":84},[20,145204,135],{},[43,145206,145208],{"className":45,"code":145207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145209,145210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145211,145212,145215,145217,145219,145222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145213,145214],{"class":841},"ROOM",[52,145216,6117],{"class":608},[52,145218,318],{"class":84},[52,145220,145221],{"class":841}," TABLE",[52,145223,145224],{"class":1479}," #3!\n",[20,145226,145227],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[38,145229,5084,145231],{"id":145230},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145232,1982],{},[20,145234,145235,145237],{},[15,145236,1982],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145239,48463],{},[176,145241,145242,145245,145248],{},[179,145243,145244],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[179,145246,145247],{},"Format labels or headings",[179,145249,145250],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145252,145253],{},"Example: simple comparison",[43,145255,145257],{"className":45,"code":145256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145258,145259,145271,145275,145297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145260,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145262,136532],{"class":58},[52,145264,63],{"class":62},[52,145266,67],{"class":66},[52,145268,8778],{"class":70},[52,145270,74],{"class":66},[52,145272,145273],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145274,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,145276,145277,145279,145281,145283,145285,145287,145289,145291,145293,145295],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145278,733],{"class":761},[52,145280,136552],{"class":58},[52,145282,92],{"class":84},[52,145284,34604],{"class":88},[52,145286,7489],{"class":84},[52,145288,6531],{"class":62},[52,145290,67],{"class":66},[52,145292,136539],{"class":70},[52,145294,100],{"class":66},[52,145296,804],{"class":84},[52,145298,145299,145301,145303,145305,145307,145309],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,145300,784],{"class":80},[52,145302,85],{"class":84},[52,145304,100],{"class":66},[52,145306,143736],{"class":70},[52,145308,100],{"class":66},[52,145310,329],{"class":84},[20,145312,135],{},[43,145314,145315],{"className":45,"code":143745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145316,145317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145318,145319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145320,143745],{"class":58},[20,145322,145323,145324,2305,145326,2309,145328,92],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145325,8778],{},[15,145327,137325],{},[15,145329,136539],{},[38,145331,1445],{"id":1444},[412,145333,96003],{"id":96002},[20,145335,8240,145336,145339],{},[15,145337,145338],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145341,16769],{},[43,145343,145345],{"className":45,"code":145344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145346,145347,145359,145369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145348,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145350,207],{"class":58},[52,145352,63],{"class":62},[52,145354,67],{"class":66},[52,145356,266],{"class":70},[52,145358,74],{"class":66},[52,145360,145361,145363,145365,145367],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145362,231],{"class":58},[52,145364,92],{"class":84},[52,145366,34604],{"class":88},[52,145368,8763],{"class":84},[52,145370,145371,145373,145375,145377],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145372,81],{"class":80},[52,145374,85],{"class":84},[52,145376,231],{"class":88},[52,145378,329],{"class":84},[20,145380,135],{},[43,145382,145383],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145384,145385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145386,145387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145388,138604],{"class":58},[20,145390,16781],{},[43,145392,145394],{"className":45,"code":145393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145395,145396,145408,145422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145397,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145399,207],{"class":58},[52,145401,63],{"class":62},[52,145403,67],{"class":66},[52,145405,266],{"class":70},[52,145407,74],{"class":66},[52,145409,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145411,207],{"class":58},[52,145413,63],{"class":62},[52,145415,1705],{"class":58},[52,145417,92],{"class":84},[52,145419,34604],{"class":88},[52,145421,8763],{"class":84},[52,145423,145424,145426,145428,145430],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145425,81],{"class":80},[52,145427,85],{"class":84},[52,145429,231],{"class":88},[52,145431,329],{"class":84},[20,145433,135],{},[43,145435,145437],{"className":45,"code":145436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO\n",[15,145438,145439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145440,145441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145442,145436],{"class":841},[412,145444,19033,145446,137211],{"id":145445},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145447,1982],{},[20,145449,145450,145452],{},[15,145451,1982],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145454,197],{},[43,145456,145458],{"className":45,"code":145457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145459,145460,145468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145461,145462,145464,145466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145463,2333],{"class":58},[52,145465,63],{"class":62},[52,145467,125135],{"class":608},[52,145469,145470,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145471,81],{"class":80},[52,145473,85],{"class":84},[52,145475,2356],{"class":88},[52,145477,92],{"class":84},[52,145479,34604],{"class":88},[52,145481,7317],{"class":84},[20,145483,39779,145484,145486,145487,33727],{},[15,145485,2304],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145488,1982],{},[20,145490,145491],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[43,145493,145495],{"className":45,"code":145494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145496,145497,145505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145498,145499,145501,145503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145500,2333],{"class":58},[52,145502,63],{"class":62},[52,145504,125135],{"class":608},[52,145506,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515,145517,145519,145521],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145508,81],{"class":80},[52,145510,85],{"class":84},[52,145512,3563],{"class":1929},[52,145514,85],{"class":84},[52,145516,2356],{"class":88},[52,145518,8753],{"class":84},[52,145520,34604],{"class":88},[52,145522,7317],{"class":84},[20,145524,135],{},[43,145526,145528],{"className":45,"code":145527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"123\n",[15,145529,145530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145531,145532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145533,145527],{"class":608},[412,145535,1632,145537,145539],{"id":145536},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145538,1982],{}," with title case",[20,145541,145542,145544,145545,145548],{},[15,145543,1982],{}," makes ",[3865,145546,145547],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[43,145550,145552],{"className":45,"code":145551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145553,145554,145566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145555,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145557,207],{"class":58},[52,145559,63],{"class":62},[52,145561,67],{"class":66},[52,145563,214],{"class":70},[52,145565,74],{"class":66},[52,145567,145568,145570,145572,145574,145576,145578],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145569,81],{"class":80},[52,145571,85],{"class":84},[52,145573,231],{"class":88},[52,145575,92],{"class":84},[52,145577,34604],{"class":88},[52,145579,7317],{"class":84},[20,145581,135],{},[43,145583,145585],{"className":45,"code":145584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145586,145587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145588,145589,145591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145590,136313],{"class":841},[52,145592,145593],{"class":841}," WORLD\n",[20,145595,145596,145597,145601,145602,145606],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[289,145598,145599],{"href":1205},[15,145600,1208],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[289,145603,145604],{"href":129870},[15,145605,1834],{}," changes parts of a string.",[38,145608,145610],{"id":145609},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145612,145613,145614,174],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145615,1982],{},[176,145617,145618,145625,145632,145639],{},[179,145619,145620,145624],{},[289,145621,145622],{"href":1205},[15,145623,1208],{}," for lowercase text",[179,145626,145627,145631],{},[289,145628,145629],{"href":136859},[15,145630,1837],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[179,145633,145634,145638],{},[289,145635,145636],{"href":129870},[15,145637,1834],{}," for changing parts of a string",[179,145640,145641,342,145643,145645],{},[15,145642,1440],{},[15,145644,17],{}," for checks",[20,145647,197],{},[43,145649,145651],{"className":45,"code":145650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145652,145653,145665,145669,145684,145700,145704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145654,145655,145657,145659,145661,145663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145656,207],{"class":58},[52,145658,63],{"class":62},[52,145660,67],{"class":66},[52,145662,143387],{"class":70},[52,145664,74],{"class":66},[52,145666,145667],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145668,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,145670,145671,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145672,145673],{"class":58},"cleaned ",[52,145675,63],{"class":62},[52,145677,1705],{"class":58},[52,145679,92],{"class":84},[52,145681,8756],{"class":88},[52,145683,8763],{"class":84},[52,145685,145686,145689,145691,145694,145696,145698],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,145687,145688],{"class":58},"loud ",[52,145690,63],{"class":62},[52,145692,145693],{"class":58}," cleaned",[52,145695,92],{"class":84},[52,145697,34604],{"class":88},[52,145699,8763],{"class":84},[52,145701,145702],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,145703,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,145705,145706,145708,145710,145713],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,145707,81],{"class":80},[52,145709,85],{"class":84},[52,145711,145712],{"class":88},"loud",[52,145714,329],{"class":84},[20,145716,135],{},[43,145718,145719],{"className":45,"code":145584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145720,145721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145722,145723,145725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145724,136313],{"class":841},[52,145726,145593],{"class":841},[38,145728,1940],{"id":1939},[412,145730,1944,145732,124783],{"id":145731},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145733,1982],{},[20,145735,145736],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[412,145738,1944,145740,137593],{"id":145739},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145741,1982],{},[20,145743,145744,145745,92],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145746,145338],{},[412,145748,145750],{"id":145749},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145752,145753,145754,145756],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145755,1982],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[412,145758,28454,145760,145762],{"id":145759},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145761,1982],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145764,145765],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145767,197],{},[43,145769,145771],{"className":45,"code":145770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145772,145773,145785,145798,145802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145774,145775,145777,145779,145781,145783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145776,2673],{"class":58},[52,145778,63],{"class":62},[52,145780,67],{"class":66},[52,145782,47],{"class":70},[52,145784,74],{"class":66},[52,145786,145787,145789,145791,145793,145796],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145788,2701],{"class":58},[52,145790,63],{"class":62},[52,145792,67],{"class":66},[52,145794,145795],{"class":70},"PYTHON",[52,145797,74],{"class":66},[52,145799,145800],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145801,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,145803,145804,145806,145808,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822,145824],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,145805,81],{"class":80},[52,145807,85],{"class":84},[52,145809,289],{"class":88},[52,145811,92],{"class":84},[52,145813,34604],{"class":88},[52,145815,7489],{"class":84},[52,145817,6531],{"class":62},[52,145819,2678],{"class":88},[52,145821,92],{"class":84},[52,145823,34604],{"class":88},[52,145825,7317],{"class":84},[20,145827,135],{},[43,145829,145830],{"className":45,"code":146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145831,145832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145833,145834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145835,146],{"class":145},[38,145837,2005],{"id":2004},[176,145839,145840,145844,145850,145856,145862,145866,145870],{},[179,145841,145842],{},[289,145843,292],{"href":291},[179,145845,145846],{},[289,145847,1437,145848,1441],{"href":1205},[15,145849,1208],{},[179,145851,145852],{},[289,145853,1437,145854,1441],{"href":136859},[15,145855,1837],{},[179,145857,145858],{},[289,145859,1437,145860,1441],{"href":129870},[15,145861,1834],{},[179,145863,145864],{},[289,145865,90797],{"href":89809},[179,145867,145868],{},[289,145869,2024],{"href":1097},[179,145871,145872],{},[289,145873,137679],{"href":136260},[2035,145875,145876],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":145878},[145879,145880,145882,145883,145884,145886,145887,145889,145896,145897,145906],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":144802,"depth":77,"text":145881},"What upper() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":145012,"depth":77,"text":145885},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145148,"depth":77,"text":145149},{"id":145230,"depth":77,"text":145888},"When to use upper()",{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":145890},[145891,145892,145894],{"id":96002,"depth":111,"text":96003},{"id":145445,"depth":111,"text":145893},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145536,"depth":111,"text":145895},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145609,"depth":77,"text":145610},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":145898},[145899,145901,145903,145904],{"id":145731,"depth":111,"text":145900},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145739,"depth":111,"text":145902},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145749,"depth":111,"text":145750},{"id":145759,"depth":111,"text":145905},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144726,"description":145907},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145914,"title":145915,"body":145916,"description":147793,"extension":2078,"meta":147794,"navigation":221,"path":147795,"seo":147796,"stem":147797,"__hash__":147798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145917,"toc":147743},[145918,145924,145931,145937,145939,145995,146000,146005,146010,146013,146032,146035,146037,146061,146079,146090,146092,146095,146148,146150,146158,146160,146178,146183,146186,146243,146245,146254,146257,146277,146280,146286,146291,146293,146336,146338,146346,146349,146390,146392,146401,146407,146413,146440,146442,146450,146455,146459,146471,146514,146516,146524,146529,146535,146540,146544,146546,146589,146592,146639,146641,146650,146657,146661,146664,146710,146715,146719,146721,146764,146767,146775,146777,146782,146784,146786,146805,146808,146820,146822,146841,146843,146851,146855,146857,146908,146911,146986,146988,146996,146999,147003,147005,147052,147055,147126,147128,147136,147142,147144,147219,147223,147302,147304,147312,147318,147324,147329,147334,147383,147387,147458,147461,147466,147477,147480,147491,147501,147503,147508,147533,147538,147619,147621,147646,147648,147653,147656,147662,147671,147677,147680,147686,147692,147699,147702,147704,147740],[10,145919,3696,145921,3700],{"id":145920},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145922,145923],{},"sum()",[20,145925,9243,145926,145928,145929,24890],{},[15,145927,145923],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145930,60122],{},[20,145932,145933,145934,145936],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145935,341],{}," value and a few important limits.",[38,145938,41],{"id":40},[43,145940,145942],{"className":45,"code":145941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145943,145944,145968,145983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145945,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145947,3739],{"class":58},[52,145949,63],{"class":62},[52,145951,3744],{"class":84},[52,145953,3106],{"class":608},[52,145955,318],{"class":84},[52,145957,3111],{"class":608},[52,145959,318],{"class":84},[52,145961,609],{"class":608},[52,145963,318],{"class":84},[52,145965,2575],{"class":608},[52,145967,3757],{"class":84},[52,145969,145970,145972,145974,145977,145979,145981],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,145971,41309],{"class":58},[52,145973,63],{"class":62},[52,145975,145976],{"class":80}," sum",[52,145978,85],{"class":84},[52,145980,3771],{"class":88},[52,145982,329],{"class":84},[52,145984,145985,145987,145989,145991,145993],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,145986,81],{"class":80},[52,145988,85],{"class":84},[52,145990,41338],{"class":88},[52,145992,3784],{"class":84},[52,145994,26921],{"class":1479},[20,145996,154,145997,145999],{},[15,145998,145923],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[38,146001,166,146003,169],{"id":146002},"what-sum-does",[15,146004,145923],{},[20,146006,146007,146009],{},[15,146008,145923],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146011,146012],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[176,146014,146015,146018,146021,146026],{},[179,146016,146017],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[179,146019,146020],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[179,146022,146023,146024],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146025,36323],{},[179,146027,146028,146029,146031],{},"Counting ",[15,146030,31],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146033,146034],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[38,146036,296],{"id":295},[43,146038,146040],{"className":45,"code":146039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146041,146042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146043,146044,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146045,146046],{"class":80},"sum",[52,146048,85],{"class":84},[52,146050,3842],{"class":88},[52,146052,318],{"class":84},[52,146054,321],{"class":9296},[52,146056,63],{"class":62},[52,146058,2235],{"class":608},[52,146060,329],{"class":84},[176,146062,146063,146068,146073],{},[179,146064,146065,146067],{},[15,146066,3842],{}," is the group of values to add",[179,146069,146070,146072],{},[15,146071,341],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[179,146074,146075,146076],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146077,146078],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146080,146081,146082,146085,146086,92],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146083,146084,3842],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[289,146087,146088,24744],{"href":36320},[15,146089,36323],{},[38,146091,11597],{"id":11596},[20,146093,146094],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[43,146096,146098],{"className":45,"code":146097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146099,146100,146120,146134,146138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146101,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146103,3739],{"class":58},[52,146105,63],{"class":62},[52,146107,3744],{"class":84},[52,146109,2252],{"class":608},[52,146111,318],{"class":84},[52,146113,688],{"class":608},[52,146115,318],{"class":84},[52,146117,38062],{"class":608},[52,146119,3757],{"class":84},[52,146121,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146123,41309],{"class":58},[52,146125,63],{"class":62},[52,146127,145976],{"class":80},[52,146129,85],{"class":84},[52,146131,3771],{"class":88},[52,146133,329],{"class":84},[52,146135,146136],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,146137,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,146139,146140,146142,146144,146146],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,146141,81],{"class":80},[52,146143,85],{"class":84},[52,146145,41338],{"class":88},[52,146147,329],{"class":84},[20,146149,135],{},[43,146151,146152],{"className":45,"code":69960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146153,146154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146155,146156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146157,69960],{"class":608},[20,146159,11806],{},[176,146161,146162,146167,146173],{},[179,146163,146164,146166],{},[15,146165,3771],{}," contains three integers",[179,146168,146169,146172],{},[15,146170,146171],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[179,146174,146175,146176],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146177,41338],{},[38,146179,36738,146181,8556],{"id":146180},"using-the-start-value",[15,146182,341],{},[20,146184,146185],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[43,146187,146189],{"className":45,"code":146188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146190,146191,146211,146229,146233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146192,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146194,3739],{"class":58},[52,146196,63],{"class":62},[52,146198,3744],{"class":84},[52,146200,3106],{"class":608},[52,146202,318],{"class":84},[52,146204,3111],{"class":608},[52,146206,318],{"class":84},[52,146208,609],{"class":608},[52,146210,3757],{"class":84},[52,146212,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146214,41309],{"class":58},[52,146216,63],{"class":62},[52,146218,145976],{"class":80},[52,146220,85],{"class":84},[52,146222,3771],{"class":88},[52,146224,318],{"class":84},[52,146226,688],{"class":608},[52,146228,329],{"class":84},[52,146230,146231],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,146232,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,146234,146235,146237,146239,146241],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,146236,81],{"class":80},[52,146238,85],{"class":84},[52,146240,41338],{"class":88},[52,146242,329],{"class":84},[20,146244,135],{},[43,146246,146248],{"className":45,"code":146247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"16\n",[15,146249,146250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146251,146252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146253,146247],{"class":608},[20,146255,146256],{},"This works like:",[176,146258,146259,146264,146269,146273],{},[179,146260,146261,146262],{},"Start at ",[15,146263,2448],{},[179,146265,146266,146267],{},"Add ",[15,146268,3106],{},[179,146270,146266,146271],{},[15,146272,2172],{},[179,146274,146266,146275],{},[15,146276,627],{},[20,146278,146279],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[38,146281,166,146283,146285],{"id":146282},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146284,145923],{}," can work with",[20,146287,146288,146290],{},[15,146289,145923],{}," works with numeric values.",[412,146292,40551],{"id":40550},[43,146294,146296],{"className":45,"code":146295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146297,146298,146322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146299,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146301,3946],{"class":58},[52,146303,63],{"class":62},[52,146305,3744],{"class":84},[52,146307,3106],{"class":608},[52,146309,318],{"class":84},[52,146311,3111],{"class":608},[52,146313,318],{"class":84},[52,146315,609],{"class":608},[52,146317,318],{"class":84},[52,146319,2575],{"class":608},[52,146321,3757],{"class":84},[52,146323,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146325,81],{"class":80},[52,146327,85],{"class":84},[52,146329,146046],{"class":80},[52,146331,85],{"class":84},[52,146333,5482],{"class":88},[52,146335,108],{"class":84},[20,146337,135],{},[43,146339,146340],{"className":45,"code":2494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146341,146342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146343,146344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146345,2494],{"class":608},[412,146347,146348],{"id":52169},"Floats",[43,146350,146352],{"className":45,"code":146351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146353,146354,146376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146355,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146369,146371,146374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146357,83168],{"class":58},[52,146359,63],{"class":62},[52,146361,3744],{"class":84},[52,146363,41285],{"class":608},[52,146365,318],{"class":84},[52,146367,146368],{"class":608}," 3.75",[52,146370,318],{"class":84},[52,146372,146373],{"class":608}," 1.25",[52,146375,3757],{"class":84},[52,146377,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146379,81],{"class":80},[52,146381,85],{"class":84},[52,146383,146046],{"class":80},[52,146385,85],{"class":84},[52,146387,83204],{"class":88},[52,146389,108],{"class":84},[20,146391,135],{},[43,146393,146395],{"className":45,"code":146394,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.5\n",[15,146396,146397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146398,146399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146400,146394],{"class":608},[20,146402,146403,146404,92],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[289,146405,146406],{"href":2537},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[412,146408,146410,146411],{"id":146409},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146412,36323],{},[43,146414,146416],{"className":45,"code":146415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146417,146418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146419,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146421,81],{"class":80},[52,146423,85],{"class":84},[52,146425,146046],{"class":80},[52,146427,85],{"class":84},[52,146429,60122],{"class":80},[52,146431,85],{"class":84},[52,146433,3106],{"class":608},[52,146435,318],{"class":84},[52,146437,37769],{"class":608},[52,146439,546],{"class":84},[20,146441,135],{},[43,146443,146444],{"className":45,"code":47164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146445,146446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146447,146448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146449,47164],{"class":608},[20,146451,113672,146452,92],{},[15,146453,146454],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[412,146456,146458],{"id":146457},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146460,146461,146462,146464,146465,342,146467,146464,146469,92],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146463,31],{}," acts like ",[15,146466,3106],{},[15,146468,35],{},[15,146470,2235],{},[43,146472,146474],{"className":45,"code":146473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146475,146476,146500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146477,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146479,52089],{"class":58},[52,146481,63],{"class":62},[52,146483,3744],{"class":84},[52,146485,31],{"class":145},[52,146487,318],{"class":84},[52,146489,4028],{"class":145},[52,146491,318],{"class":84},[52,146493,4037],{"class":145},[52,146495,318],{"class":84},[52,146497,4037],{"class":145},[52,146499,3757],{"class":84},[52,146501,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146503,81],{"class":80},[52,146505,85],{"class":84},[52,146507,146046],{"class":80},[52,146509,85],{"class":84},[52,146511,52142],{"class":88},[52,146513,108],{"class":84},[20,146515,135],{},[43,146517,146518],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146519,146520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146521,146522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146523,46740],{"class":608},[20,146525,146526,146527,92],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146528,31],{},[38,146530,166,146532,146534],{"id":146531},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146533,145923],{}," does not work with",[20,146536,146537,146539],{},[15,146538,145923],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[412,146541,146543],{"id":146542},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146545,2955],{},[43,146547,146549],{"className":45,"code":146548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146550,146551,146575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146552,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146554,4190],{"class":58},[52,146556,63],{"class":62},[52,146558,3744],{"class":84},[52,146560,100],{"class":66},[52,146562,266],{"class":70},[52,146564,100],{"class":66},[52,146566,318],{"class":84},[52,146568,67],{"class":66},[52,146570,242],{"class":70},[52,146572,100],{"class":66},[52,146574,3757],{"class":84},[52,146576,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146578,81],{"class":80},[52,146580,85],{"class":84},[52,146582,146046],{"class":80},[52,146584,85],{"class":84},[52,146586,4234],{"class":88},[52,146588,108],{"class":84},[20,146590,146591],{},"Use string joining instead:",[43,146593,146595],{"className":45,"code":146594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146596,146597,146621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146598,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146600,4190],{"class":58},[52,146602,63],{"class":62},[52,146604,3744],{"class":84},[52,146606,100],{"class":66},[52,146608,266],{"class":70},[52,146610,100],{"class":66},[52,146612,318],{"class":84},[52,146614,67],{"class":66},[52,146616,242],{"class":70},[52,146618,100],{"class":66},[52,146620,3757],{"class":84},[52,146622,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146624,81],{"class":80},[52,146626,85],{"class":84},[52,146628,6395],{"class":66},[52,146630,92],{"class":84},[52,146632,133448],{"class":88},[52,146634,85],{"class":84},[52,146636,4234],{"class":88},[52,146638,108],{"class":84},[20,146640,135],{},[43,146642,146644],{"className":45,"code":146643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"helloworld\n",[15,146645,146646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146647,146648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146649,146643],{"class":58},[20,146651,146652,146653,92],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[289,146654,146655,5906],{"href":42300},[15,146656,47807],{},[412,146658,146660],{"id":146659},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146662,146663],{},"This also causes an error:",[43,146665,146667],{"className":45,"code":146666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146668,146669,146696],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146670,146671,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146672,146673],{"class":58},"lists ",[52,146675,63],{"class":62},[52,146677,56416],{"class":84},[52,146679,3106],{"class":608},[52,146681,318],{"class":84},[52,146683,3111],{"class":608},[52,146685,18187],{"class":84},[52,146687,3744],{"class":84},[52,146689,627],{"class":608},[52,146691,318],{"class":84},[52,146693,2575],{"class":608},[52,146695,53364],{"class":84},[52,146697,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146699,81],{"class":80},[52,146701,85],{"class":84},[52,146703,146046],{"class":80},[52,146705,85],{"class":84},[52,146707,5423],{"class":88},[52,146709,108],{"class":84},[20,146711,146712,146714],{},[15,146713,145923],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[412,146716,146718],{"id":146717},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146720,5595],{},[43,146722,146724],{"className":45,"code":146723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146725,146726,146750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146727,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146729,3946],{"class":58},[52,146731,63],{"class":62},[52,146733,3744],{"class":84},[52,146735,3106],{"class":608},[52,146737,318],{"class":84},[52,146739,3111],{"class":608},[52,146741,318],{"class":84},[52,146743,67],{"class":66},[52,146745,627],{"class":70},[52,146747,100],{"class":66},[52,146749,3757],{"class":84},[52,146751,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146753,81],{"class":80},[52,146755,85],{"class":84},[52,146757,146046],{"class":80},[52,146759,85],{"class":84},[52,146761,5482],{"class":88},[52,146763,108],{"class":84},[20,146765,146766],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146768,146769,146770,146772,146773,92],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146771,66066],{},", convert them first. See ",[289,146774,3080],{"href":3079},[38,146776,41631],{"id":41630},[20,146778,146779,146780,92],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146781,145923],{},[412,146783,6648],{"id":6647},[20,146785,1457],{},[43,146787,146789],{"className":45,"code":146788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146790,146791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146792,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146794,81],{"class":80},[52,146796,85],{"class":84},[52,146798,146046],{"class":80},[52,146800,85],{"class":84},[52,146802,2252],{"class":608},[52,146804,108],{"class":84},[20,146806,146807],{},"Why it fails:",[176,146809,146810,146815],{},[179,146811,146812,146814],{},[15,146813,2252],{}," is a single integer",[179,146816,146817,146819],{},[15,146818,145923],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146821,6678],{},[43,146823,146825],{"className":45,"code":146824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146826,146827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146828,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146830,81],{"class":80},[52,146832,85],{"class":84},[52,146834,146046],{"class":80},[52,146836,3103],{"class":84},[52,146838,2252],{"class":608},[52,146840,3118],{"class":84},[20,146842,135],{},[43,146844,146845],{"className":45,"code":3064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146846,146847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146848,146849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146850,3064],{"class":608},[412,146852,146854],{"id":146853},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146856,1457],{},[43,146858,146860],{"className":45,"code":146859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146861,146862,146894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146863,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146865,3946],{"class":58},[52,146867,63],{"class":62},[52,146869,3744],{"class":84},[52,146871,100],{"class":66},[52,146873,3106],{"class":70},[52,146875,100],{"class":66},[52,146877,318],{"class":84},[52,146879,67],{"class":66},[52,146881,2172],{"class":70},[52,146883,100],{"class":66},[52,146885,318],{"class":84},[52,146887,67],{"class":66},[52,146889,627],{"class":70},[52,146891,100],{"class":66},[52,146893,3757],{"class":84},[52,146895,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146897,81],{"class":80},[52,146899,85],{"class":84},[52,146901,146046],{"class":80},[52,146903,85],{"class":84},[52,146905,5482],{"class":88},[52,146907,108],{"class":84},[20,146909,146910],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[43,146912,146914],{"className":45,"code":146913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146915,146916,146948,146976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146917,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146919,3946],{"class":58},[52,146921,63],{"class":62},[52,146923,3744],{"class":84},[52,146925,100],{"class":66},[52,146927,3106],{"class":70},[52,146929,100],{"class":66},[52,146931,318],{"class":84},[52,146933,67],{"class":66},[52,146935,2172],{"class":70},[52,146937,100],{"class":66},[52,146939,318],{"class":84},[52,146941,67],{"class":66},[52,146943,627],{"class":70},[52,146945,100],{"class":66},[52,146947,3757],{"class":84},[52,146949,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,146951,41309],{"class":58},[52,146953,63],{"class":62},[52,146955,145976],{"class":80},[52,146957,85],{"class":84},[52,146959,2304],{"class":1929},[52,146961,85],{"class":84},[52,146963,2289],{"class":88},[52,146965,3784],{"class":84},[52,146967,3998],{"class":761},[52,146969,4001],{"class":88},[52,146971,1638],{"class":761},[52,146973,4006],{"class":88},[52,146975,329],{"class":84},[52,146977,146978,146980,146982,146984],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,146979,81],{"class":80},[52,146981,85],{"class":84},[52,146983,41338],{"class":88},[52,146985,329],{"class":84},[20,146987,135],{},[43,146989,146990],{"className":45,"code":2774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146991,146992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146993,146994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146995,2774],{"class":608},[20,146997,146998],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[412,147000,147002],{"id":147001},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147004,1457],{},[43,147006,147008],{"className":45,"code":147007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147009,147010,147038],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147011,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147013,3946],{"class":58},[52,147015,63],{"class":62},[52,147017,3744],{"class":84},[52,147019,3106],{"class":608},[52,147021,318],{"class":84},[52,147023,3111],{"class":608},[52,147025,318],{"class":84},[52,147027,67],{"class":66},[52,147029,627],{"class":70},[52,147031,100],{"class":66},[52,147033,318],{"class":84},[52,147035,2575],{"class":608},[52,147037,3757],{"class":84},[52,147039,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147041,81],{"class":80},[52,147043,85],{"class":84},[52,147045,146046],{"class":80},[52,147047,85],{"class":84},[52,147049,5482],{"class":88},[52,147051,108],{"class":84},[20,147053,147054],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[43,147056,147058],{"className":45,"code":147057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147059,147060,147088,147116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147061,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147063,3946],{"class":58},[52,147065,63],{"class":62},[52,147067,3744],{"class":84},[52,147069,3106],{"class":608},[52,147071,318],{"class":84},[52,147073,3111],{"class":608},[52,147075,318],{"class":84},[52,147077,67],{"class":66},[52,147079,627],{"class":70},[52,147081,100],{"class":66},[52,147083,318],{"class":84},[52,147085,2575],{"class":608},[52,147087,3757],{"class":84},[52,147089,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147091,41309],{"class":58},[52,147093,63],{"class":62},[52,147095,145976],{"class":80},[52,147097,85],{"class":84},[52,147099,2304],{"class":1929},[52,147101,85],{"class":84},[52,147103,2289],{"class":88},[52,147105,3784],{"class":84},[52,147107,3998],{"class":761},[52,147109,4001],{"class":88},[52,147111,1638],{"class":761},[52,147113,4006],{"class":88},[52,147115,329],{"class":84},[52,147117,147118,147120,147122,147124],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,147119,81],{"class":80},[52,147121,85],{"class":84},[52,147123,41338],{"class":88},[52,147125,329],{"class":84},[20,147127,135],{},[43,147129,147130],{"className":45,"code":2494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147131,147132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147133,147134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147135,2494],{"class":608},[412,147137,1828,147139,147141],{"id":147138},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147140,145923],{}," to join text",[20,147143,1457],{},[43,147145,147147],{"className":45,"code":147146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147148,147149,147205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147150,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147152,36215],{"class":58},[52,147154,63],{"class":62},[52,147156,3744],{"class":84},[52,147158,100],{"class":66},[52,147160,134047],{"class":70},[52,147162,100],{"class":66},[52,147164,318],{"class":84},[52,147166,67],{"class":66},[52,147168,11868],{"class":70},[52,147170,100],{"class":66},[52,147172,318],{"class":84},[52,147174,67],{"class":66},[52,147176,63408],{"class":70},[52,147178,100],{"class":66},[52,147180,318],{"class":84},[52,147182,67],{"class":66},[52,147184,60561],{"class":70},[52,147186,100],{"class":66},[52,147188,318],{"class":84},[52,147190,67],{"class":66},[52,147192,60596],{"class":70},[52,147194,100],{"class":66},[52,147196,318],{"class":84},[52,147198,67],{"class":66},[52,147200,76150],{"class":70},[52,147202,100],{"class":66},[52,147204,3757],{"class":84},[52,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147208,81],{"class":80},[52,147210,85],{"class":84},[52,147212,146046],{"class":80},[52,147214,85],{"class":84},[52,147216,36268],{"class":88},[52,147218,108],{"class":84},[20,147220,154,147221,60655],{},[15,147222,133371],{},[43,147224,147226],{"className":45,"code":147225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147227,147228,147284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147229,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147231,36215],{"class":58},[52,147233,63],{"class":62},[52,147235,3744],{"class":84},[52,147237,100],{"class":66},[52,147239,134047],{"class":70},[52,147241,100],{"class":66},[52,147243,318],{"class":84},[52,147245,67],{"class":66},[52,147247,11868],{"class":70},[52,147249,100],{"class":66},[52,147251,318],{"class":84},[52,147253,67],{"class":66},[52,147255,63408],{"class":70},[52,147257,100],{"class":66},[52,147259,318],{"class":84},[52,147261,67],{"class":66},[52,147263,60561],{"class":70},[52,147265,100],{"class":66},[52,147267,318],{"class":84},[52,147269,67],{"class":66},[52,147271,60596],{"class":70},[52,147273,100],{"class":66},[52,147275,318],{"class":84},[52,147277,67],{"class":66},[52,147279,76150],{"class":70},[52,147281,100],{"class":66},[52,147283,3757],{"class":84},[52,147285,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147287,81],{"class":80},[52,147289,85],{"class":84},[52,147291,6395],{"class":66},[52,147293,92],{"class":84},[52,147295,133448],{"class":88},[52,147297,85],{"class":84},[52,147299,36268],{"class":88},[52,147301,108],{"class":84},[20,147303,135],{},[43,147305,147306],{"className":45,"code":134128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147307,147308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147309,147310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147311,134128],{"class":58},[20,147313,147314,147315,92],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[289,147316,147317],{"href":135209},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[38,147319,147321,147323],{"id":147320},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147322,145923],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147325,147326,147328],{},[15,147327,145923],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[412,147330,1828,147332],{"id":147331},"using-sum",[15,147333,145923],{},[43,147335,147337],{"className":45,"code":147336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147338,147339,147359,147373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147340,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147342,3739],{"class":58},[52,147344,63],{"class":62},[52,147346,3744],{"class":84},[52,147348,2623],{"class":608},[52,147350,318],{"class":84},[52,147352,6117],{"class":608},[52,147354,318],{"class":84},[52,147356,54258],{"class":608},[52,147358,3757],{"class":84},[52,147360,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147362,41309],{"class":58},[52,147364,63],{"class":62},[52,147366,145976],{"class":80},[52,147368,85],{"class":84},[52,147370,3771],{"class":88},[52,147372,329],{"class":84},[52,147374,147375,147377,147379,147381],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,147376,81],{"class":80},[52,147378,85],{"class":84},[52,147380,41338],{"class":88},[52,147382,329],{"class":84},[412,147384,147386],{"id":147385},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[43,147388,147390],{"className":45,"code":147389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147391,147392,147412,147420,147424,147436,147444,147448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147393,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147395,3739],{"class":58},[52,147397,63],{"class":62},[52,147399,3744],{"class":84},[52,147401,2623],{"class":608},[52,147403,318],{"class":84},[52,147405,6117],{"class":608},[52,147407,318],{"class":84},[52,147409,54258],{"class":608},[52,147411,3757],{"class":84},[52,147413,147414,147416,147418],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147415,41309],{"class":58},[52,147417,63],{"class":62},[52,147419,38639],{"class":608},[52,147421,147422],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,147423,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,147425,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,147427,6081],{"class":761},[52,147429,6510],{"class":58},[52,147431,1638],{"class":761},[52,147433,4384],{"class":58},[52,147435,804],{"class":84},[52,147437,147438,147440,147442],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,147439,90221],{"class":58},[52,147441,90224],{"class":62},[52,147443,90227],{"class":58},[52,147445,147446],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,147447,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,147449,147450,147452,147454,147456],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,147451,81],{"class":80},[52,147453,85],{"class":84},[52,147455,41338],{"class":88},[52,147457,329],{"class":84},[20,147459,147460],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147462,2607,147463,147465],{},[15,147464,145923],{}," is often better:",[176,147467,147468,147471,147474],{},[179,147469,147470],{},"Shorter code",[179,147472,147473],{},"Easier to read",[179,147475,147476],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147478,147479],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[176,147481,147482,147485,147488],{},[179,147483,147484],{},"You need to skip some values",[179,147486,147487],{},"You need extra checks",[179,147489,147490],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147492,147493,147494,147497,147498,147500],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[289,147495,147496],{"href":40134},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147499,145923],{}," on the filtered result.",[38,147502,1445],{"id":1444},[20,147504,147505,147506,174],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147507,145923],{},[176,147509,147510,147516,147523,147530],{},[179,147511,147512,147513],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147514,147515],{},"sum(5)",[179,147517,147518,147519,147522],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147520,147521],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[179,147524,1828,147525,147527,147528],{},[15,147526,145923],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147529,133371],{},[179,147531,147532],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147534,8995,147535,147537],{},[15,147536,145923],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[43,147539,147541],{"className":45,"code":147540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147542,147543,147553,147567,147591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147544,147545,147547,147549,147551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147546,81],{"class":80},[52,147548,85],{"class":84},[52,147550,5482],{"class":88},[52,147552,329],{"class":84},[52,147554,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147556,81],{"class":80},[52,147558,85],{"class":84},[52,147560,1930],{"class":1929},[52,147562,85],{"class":84},[52,147564,5482],{"class":88},[52,147566,108],{"class":84},[52,147568,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,147570,81],{"class":80},[52,147572,3103],{"class":84},[52,147574,1930],{"class":1929},[52,147576,85],{"class":84},[52,147578,2289],{"class":88},[52,147580,3784],{"class":84},[52,147582,3998],{"class":761},[52,147584,4001],{"class":88},[52,147586,1638],{"class":761},[52,147588,4006],{"class":88},[52,147590,4009],{"class":84},[52,147592,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,147594,81],{"class":80},[52,147596,85],{"class":84},[52,147598,146046],{"class":80},[52,147600,3103],{"class":84},[52,147602,2304],{"class":1929},[52,147604,85],{"class":84},[52,147606,2289],{"class":88},[52,147608,3784],{"class":84},[52,147610,3998],{"class":761},[52,147612,4001],{"class":88},[52,147614,1638],{"class":761},[52,147616,4006],{"class":88},[52,147618,3118],{"class":84},[20,147620,135942],{},[176,147622,147623,147629,147635,147640],{},[179,147624,147625,147628],{},[15,147626,147627],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[179,147630,147631,147634],{},[15,147632,147633],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[179,147636,147637,135964],{},[15,147638,147639],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[179,147641,147642,147645],{},[15,147643,147644],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[38,147647,1940],{"id":1939},[412,147649,5266,147651,5269],{"id":147650},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147652,145923],{},[20,147654,147655],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[412,147657,1958,147659,147661],{"id":147658},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147660,145923],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147663,30396,147664,32,147667,147670],{},[15,147665,147666],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147668,147669],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[412,147672,1958,147674,147676],{"id":147673},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147675,145923],{}," work with floats?",[20,147678,147679],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[412,147681,147683,147684,1993],{"id":147682},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147685,145923],{},[20,147687,147688,147689,147691],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147690,341],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[412,147693,5282,147695,119506,147697,1993],{"id":147694},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147696,145923],{},[15,147698,3124],{},[20,147700,147701],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[38,147703,2005],{"id":2004},[176,147705,147706,147710,147716,147722,147728,147732,147736],{},[179,147707,147708],{},[289,147709,146406],{"href":2537},[179,147711,147712],{},[289,147713,3696,147714,3629],{"href":36320},[15,147715,36323],{},[179,147717,147718],{},[289,147719,3696,147720,3629],{"href":42483},[15,147721,42486],{},[179,147723,147724],{},[289,147725,3696,147726,3629],{"href":42300},[15,147727,47807],{},[179,147729,147730],{},[289,147731,5344],{"href":40134},[179,147733,147734],{},[289,147735,3646],{"href":3079},[179,147737,147738],{},[289,147739,147317],{"href":135209},[2035,147741,147742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":147744},[147745,147746,147748,147749,147750,147752,147760,147766,147773,147779,147780,147792],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":146002,"depth":77,"text":147747},"What sum() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":146180,"depth":77,"text":147751},"Using the start value",{"id":146282,"depth":77,"text":147753,"children":147754},"What sum() can work with",[147755,147756,147757,147759],{"id":40550,"depth":111,"text":40551},{"id":52169,"depth":111,"text":146348},{"id":146409,"depth":111,"text":147758},"Values from range()",{"id":146457,"depth":111,"text":146458},{"id":146531,"depth":77,"text":147761,"children":147762},"What sum() does not work with",[147763,147764,147765],{"id":146542,"depth":111,"text":146543},{"id":146659,"depth":111,"text":146660},{"id":146717,"depth":111,"text":146718},{"id":41630,"depth":77,"text":41631,"children":147767},[147768,147769,147770,147771],{"id":6647,"depth":111,"text":6648},{"id":146853,"depth":111,"text":146854},{"id":147001,"depth":111,"text":147002},{"id":147138,"depth":111,"text":147772},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147320,"depth":77,"text":147774,"children":147775},"sum() vs manual loop",[147776,147778],{"id":147331,"depth":111,"text":147777},"Using sum()",{"id":147385,"depth":111,"text":147386},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":147781},[147782,147784,147786,147788,147790],{"id":147650,"depth":111,"text":147783},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147658,"depth":111,"text":147785},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147673,"depth":111,"text":147787},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147682,"depth":111,"text":147789},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147694,"depth":111,"text":147791},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145915,"description":147793},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147800,"title":147801,"body":147802,"description":149204,"extension":2078,"meta":149205,"navigation":221,"path":149206,"seo":149207,"stem":149208,"__hash__":149209},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147803,"toc":149172},[147804,147810,147816,147819,147882,147888,147893,147897,147914,147928,147932,147952,147966,147968,148061,148063,148077,148079,148082,148171,148173,148181,148190,148192,148196,148217,148219,148311,148313,148334,148336,148340,148354,148356,148430,148432,148451,148455,148458,148481,148483,148594,148601,148609,148611,148617,148620,148663,148666,148689,148697,148701,148776,148782,148807,148814,148817,148820,148824,148829,148917,148925,148929,148932,148957,148961,149022,149026,149075,149085,149087,149092,149095,149101,149104,149108,149112,149118,149121,149129,149137,149139,149169],[10,147805,147807,147808,18],{"id":147806},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147809,57413],{},[20,147811,147812,147815],{},[15,147813,147814],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147817,147818],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[43,147820,147822],{"className":45,"code":147821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147823,147824,147852,147870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147825,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147827,3739],{"class":58},[52,147829,63],{"class":62},[52,147831,1370],{"class":84},[52,147833,3106],{"class":608},[52,147835,318],{"class":84},[52,147837,3111],{"class":608},[52,147839,318],{"class":84},[52,147841,3111],{"class":608},[52,147843,318],{"class":84},[52,147845,609],{"class":608},[52,147847,318],{"class":84},[52,147849,3111],{"class":608},[52,147851,329],{"class":84},[52,147853,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,147855,2346],{"class":58},[52,147857,63],{"class":62},[52,147859,4384],{"class":58},[52,147861,92],{"class":84},[52,147863,41386],{"class":88},[52,147865,85],{"class":84},[52,147867,2172],{"class":608},[52,147869,329],{"class":84},[52,147871,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,147873,81],{"class":80},[52,147875,85],{"class":84},[52,147877,2381],{"class":88},[52,147879,3784],{"class":84},[52,147881,50894],{"class":1479},[20,147883,154,147884,147887],{},[15,147885,147886],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[38,147889,166,147891,169],{"id":147890},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147892,147814],{},[20,147894,147895,174],{},[15,147896,147886],{},[176,147898,147899,147905,147908,147911],{},[179,147900,147901,147902,147904],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147903,2591],{}," appears in the tuple",[179,147906,147907],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[179,147909,147910],{},"Returns an integer",[179,147912,147913],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147915,147916,147917,147919,147920,32,147924,92],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147918,57413],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[289,147921,147923],{"href":147922},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[289,147925,147927],{"href":147926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[38,147929,147931],{"id":147930},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[43,147933,147935],{"className":45,"code":147934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147936,147937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147938,147939,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147940,147941],{"class":58},"my_tuple",[52,147943,92],{"class":84},[52,147945,41386],{"class":88},[52,147947,85],{"class":84},[52,147949,2591],{"class":88},[52,147951,329],{"class":84},[176,147953,147954,147958,147961],{},[179,147955,147956,57578],{},[15,147957,2591],{},[179,147959,147960],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[179,147962,147963,147964],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147965,2235],{},[412,147967,103222],{"id":103221},[43,147969,147971],{"className":45,"code":147970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147972,147973,148013,148037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147974,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147976,13199],{"class":58},[52,147978,63],{"class":62},[52,147980,1370],{"class":84},[52,147982,100],{"class":66},[52,147984,13216],{"class":70},[52,147986,100],{"class":66},[52,147988,318],{"class":84},[52,147990,67],{"class":66},[52,147992,13233],{"class":70},[52,147994,100],{"class":66},[52,147996,318],{"class":84},[52,147998,67],{"class":66},[52,148000,13216],{"class":70},[52,148002,100],{"class":66},[52,148004,318],{"class":84},[52,148006,67],{"class":66},[52,148008,17580],{"class":70},[52,148010,100],{"class":66},[52,148012,329],{"class":84},[52,148014,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148016,81],{"class":80},[52,148018,85],{"class":84},[52,148020,17627],{"class":88},[52,148022,92],{"class":84},[52,148024,41386],{"class":88},[52,148026,85],{"class":84},[52,148028,100],{"class":66},[52,148030,13216],{"class":70},[52,148032,100],{"class":66},[52,148034,5485],{"class":84},[52,148036,57768],{"class":1479},[52,148038,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148040,81],{"class":80},[52,148042,85],{"class":84},[52,148044,17627],{"class":88},[52,148046,92],{"class":84},[52,148048,41386],{"class":88},[52,148050,85],{"class":84},[52,148052,100],{"class":66},[52,148054,22650],{"class":70},[52,148056,100],{"class":66},[52,148058,5485],{"class":84},[52,148060,51370],{"class":1479},[20,148062,20083],{},[176,148064,148065,148070],{},[179,148066,148067,148069],{},[15,148068,65513],{}," appears 2 times",[179,148071,148072,148074,148075],{},[15,148073,109918],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148076,2235],{},[38,148078,11597],{"id":11596},[20,148080,148081],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[43,148083,148085],{"className":45,"code":148084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148086,148087,148135,148139,148161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148088,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148090,36364],{"class":58},[52,148092,63],{"class":62},[52,148094,1370],{"class":84},[52,148096,100],{"class":66},[52,148098,4199],{"class":70},[52,148100,100],{"class":66},[52,148102,318],{"class":84},[52,148104,67],{"class":66},[52,148106,4208],{"class":70},[52,148108,100],{"class":66},[52,148110,318],{"class":84},[52,148112,67],{"class":66},[52,148114,4199],{"class":70},[52,148116,100],{"class":66},[52,148118,318],{"class":84},[52,148120,67],{"class":66},[52,148122,33347],{"class":70},[52,148124,100],{"class":66},[52,148126,318],{"class":84},[52,148128,67],{"class":66},[52,148130,4199],{"class":70},[52,148132,100],{"class":66},[52,148134,329],{"class":84},[52,148136,148137],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148138,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,148140,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148142,2346],{"class":58},[52,148144,63],{"class":62},[52,148146,52973],{"class":58},[52,148148,92],{"class":84},[52,148150,41386],{"class":88},[52,148152,85],{"class":84},[52,148154,100],{"class":66},[52,148156,4199],{"class":70},[52,148158,100],{"class":66},[52,148160,329],{"class":84},[52,148162,148163,148165,148167,148169],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,148164,81],{"class":80},[52,148166,85],{"class":84},[52,148168,2381],{"class":88},[52,148170,329],{"class":84},[20,148172,135],{},[43,148174,148175],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,148176,148177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148178,148179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148180,46740],{"class":608},[20,148182,148183,148185,148186,2515,148188,92],{},[15,148184,57956],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148187,57413],{},[15,148189,627],{},[38,148191,38146],{"id":38145},[20,148193,57667,148194,128677],{},[15,148195,57413],{},[176,148197,148198,148203,148208,148211],{},[179,148199,184,148200,148202],{},[15,148201,2235],{}," when the value does not exist",[179,148204,184,148205,148207],{},[15,148206,3106],{}," when the value appears once",[179,148209,148210],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[179,148212,148213,148214,148216],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148215,733],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148218,197],{},[43,148220,148222],{"className":45,"code":148221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148223,148224,148265,148269,148296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148225,148226,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148227,148228],{"class":58},"answers ",[52,148230,63],{"class":62},[52,148232,1370],{"class":84},[52,148234,100],{"class":66},[52,148236,8778],{"class":70},[52,148238,100],{"class":66},[52,148240,318],{"class":84},[52,148242,67],{"class":66},[52,148244,8719],{"class":70},[52,148246,100],{"class":66},[52,148248,318],{"class":84},[52,148250,67],{"class":66},[52,148252,8778],{"class":70},[52,148254,100],{"class":66},[52,148256,318],{"class":84},[52,148258,67],{"class":66},[52,148260,8778],{"class":70},[52,148262,100],{"class":66},[52,148264,329],{"class":84},[52,148266,148267],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148268,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,148270,148271,148273,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148272,733],{"class":761},[52,148274,148275],{"class":58}," answers",[52,148277,92],{"class":84},[52,148279,41386],{"class":88},[52,148281,85],{"class":84},[52,148283,100],{"class":66},[52,148285,8778],{"class":70},[52,148287,100],{"class":66},[52,148289,3784],{"class":84},[52,148291,38522],{"class":62},[52,148293,5621],{"class":608},[52,148295,804],{"class":84},[52,148297,148298,148300,148302,148304,148307,148309],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,148299,784],{"class":80},[52,148301,85],{"class":84},[52,148303,100],{"class":66},[52,148305,148306],{"class":70},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[52,148308,100],{"class":66},[52,148310,329],{"class":84},[20,148312,135],{},[43,148314,148316],{"className":45,"code":148315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148317,148318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148319,148320,148323,148325,148327,148329,148332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148321,148322],{"class":58},"The answer ",[52,148324,1888],{"class":66},[52,148326,8778],{"class":70},[52,148328,1888],{"class":66},[52,148330,148331],{"class":58}," appears more than once",[52,148333,849],{"class":84},[38,148335,41172],{"id":41171},[20,148337,35531,148338,104685],{},[15,148339,147814],{},[176,148341,148342,148345,148348,148351],{},[179,148343,148344],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[179,148346,148347],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[179,148349,148350],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[179,148352,148353],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148355,197],{},[43,148357,148359],{"className":45,"code":148358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148360,148361,148389,148393,148415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148362,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148364,5187],{"class":58},[52,148366,63],{"class":62},[52,148368,1370],{"class":84},[52,148370,2448],{"class":608},[52,148372,318],{"class":84},[52,148374,7914],{"class":608},[52,148376,318],{"class":84},[52,148378,688],{"class":608},[52,148380,318],{"class":84},[52,148382,7919],{"class":608},[52,148384,318],{"class":84},[52,148386,688],{"class":608},[52,148388,329],{"class":84},[52,148390,148391],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148392,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,148394,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148396,733],{"class":761},[52,148398,5234],{"class":58},[52,148400,92],{"class":84},[52,148402,41386],{"class":88},[52,148404,85],{"class":84},[52,148406,2448],{"class":608},[52,148408,3784],{"class":84},[52,148410,51411],{"class":62},[52,148412,3111],{"class":608},[52,148414,804],{"class":84},[52,148416,148417,148419,148421,148423,148426,148428],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,148418,784],{"class":80},[52,148420,85],{"class":84},[52,148422,100],{"class":66},[52,148424,148425],{"class":70},"The score 10 is repeated.",[52,148427,100],{"class":66},[52,148429,329],{"class":84},[20,148431,135],{},[43,148433,148435],{"className":45,"code":148434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148436,148437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148438,148439,148442,148444,148446,148449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148440,148441],{"class":58},"The score ",[52,148443,2448],{"class":608},[52,148445,8220],{"class":62},[52,148447,148448],{"class":58}," repeated",[52,148450,849],{"class":84},[38,148452,148454],{"id":148453},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148456,148457],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[176,148459,148460,148466,148471,148474],{},[179,148461,148462,148463,148465],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148464,57413],{}," still works because it only reads data",[179,148467,148468,148470],{},[15,148469,57413],{}," counts exact matches",[179,148472,148473],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[179,148475,148476,342,148478,148480],{},[15,148477,3106],{},[15,148479,42283],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148482,197],{},[43,148484,148486],{"className":45,"code":148485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148487,148488,148522,148526,148546,148570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148489,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148503,148505,148507,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148491,3946],{"class":58},[52,148493,63],{"class":62},[52,148495,1370],{"class":84},[52,148497,3106],{"class":608},[52,148499,318],{"class":84},[52,148501,148502],{"class":608}," 1.0",[52,148504,318],{"class":84},[52,148506,67],{"class":66},[52,148508,148509],{"class":70},"Cat",[52,148511,100],{"class":66},[52,148513,318],{"class":84},[52,148515,67],{"class":66},[52,148517,37173],{"class":70},[52,148519,100],{"class":66},[52,148521,329],{"class":84},[52,148523,148524],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148525,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,148527,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148529,81],{"class":80},[52,148531,85],{"class":84},[52,148533,5482],{"class":88},[52,148535,92],{"class":84},[52,148537,41386],{"class":88},[52,148539,85],{"class":84},[52,148541,3106],{"class":608},[52,148543,5485],{"class":84},[52,148545,51217],{"class":1479},[52,148547,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,148549,81],{"class":80},[52,148551,85],{"class":84},[52,148553,5482],{"class":88},[52,148555,92],{"class":84},[52,148557,41386],{"class":88},[52,148559,85],{"class":84},[52,148561,100],{"class":66},[52,148563,148509],{"class":70},[52,148565,100],{"class":66},[52,148567,5485],{"class":84},[52,148569,27905],{"class":1479},[52,148571,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,148573,81],{"class":80},[52,148575,85],{"class":84},[52,148577,5482],{"class":88},[52,148579,92],{"class":84},[52,148581,41386],{"class":88},[52,148583,85],{"class":84},[52,148585,100],{"class":66},[52,148587,37173],{"class":70},[52,148589,100],{"class":66},[52,148591,5485],{"class":84},[52,148593,27905],{"class":1479},[20,148595,5282,148596,5285,148599,1993],{},[15,148597,148598],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148600,2172],{},[20,148602,8905,148603,4906,148606,148608],{},[15,148604,148605],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148607,31],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[38,148610,1445],{"id":1444},[412,148612,1828,148614,148616],{"id":148613},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148615,41386],{}," without parentheses",[20,148618,148619],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[43,148621,148623],{"className":45,"code":148622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148624,148625,148649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148626,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148628,3739],{"class":58},[52,148630,63],{"class":62},[52,148632,1370],{"class":84},[52,148634,3106],{"class":608},[52,148636,318],{"class":84},[52,148638,3111],{"class":608},[52,148640,318],{"class":84},[52,148642,3111],{"class":608},[52,148644,318],{"class":84},[52,148646,609],{"class":608},[52,148648,329],{"class":84},[52,148650,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148652,81],{"class":80},[52,148654,85],{"class":84},[52,148656,3771],{"class":88},[52,148658,92],{"class":84},[52,148660,41386],{"class":1803},[52,148662,329],{"class":84},[20,148664,148665],{},"To call the method correctly:",[43,148667,148669],{"className":45,"code":148668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148670,148671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148672,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148674,81],{"class":80},[52,148676,85],{"class":84},[52,148678,3771],{"class":88},[52,148680,92],{"class":84},[52,148682,41386],{"class":88},[52,148684,85],{"class":84},[52,148686,2172],{"class":608},[52,148688,108],{"class":84},[412,148690,1725,148691,8577,148693,32,148695],{"id":58716},[15,148692,57413],{},[15,148694,31],{},[15,148696,35],{},[20,148698,148699,58727],{},[15,148700,57413],{},[43,148702,148704],{"className":45,"code":148703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148705,148706,148738,148760,148764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148707,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148709,36215],{"class":58},[52,148711,63],{"class":62},[52,148713,1370],{"class":84},[52,148715,100],{"class":66},[52,148717,289],{"class":70},[52,148719,100],{"class":66},[52,148721,318],{"class":84},[52,148723,67],{"class":66},[52,148725,4883],{"class":70},[52,148727,100],{"class":66},[52,148729,318],{"class":84},[52,148731,67],{"class":66},[52,148733,289],{"class":70},[52,148735,100],{"class":66},[52,148737,329],{"class":84},[52,148739,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148741,2346],{"class":58},[52,148743,63],{"class":62},[52,148745,70216],{"class":58},[52,148747,92],{"class":84},[52,148749,41386],{"class":88},[52,148751,85],{"class":84},[52,148753,100],{"class":66},[52,148755,289],{"class":70},[52,148757,100],{"class":66},[52,148759,329],{"class":84},[52,148761,148762],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148763,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,148765,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,148767,81],{"class":80},[52,148769,85],{"class":84},[52,148771,2381],{"class":88},[52,148773,3784],{"class":84},[52,148775,51538],{"class":1479},[20,148777,148778,148779,148781],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148780,1638],{}," is often simpler:",[43,148783,148785],{"className":45,"code":148784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148786,148787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148788,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148790,81],{"class":80},[52,148792,85],{"class":84},[52,148794,100],{"class":66},[52,148796,289],{"class":70},[52,148798,100],{"class":66},[52,148800,1702],{"class":761},[52,148802,70216],{"class":88},[52,148804,3784],{"class":84},[52,148806,3787],{"class":1479},[412,148808,1632,148810,1635,148812],{"id":148809},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148811,147814],{},[15,148813,57418],{},[20,148815,148816],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148818,148819],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[412,148821,148823],{"id":148822},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148825,148826,148828],{},[15,148827,57413],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[43,148830,148832],{"className":45,"code":148831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148833,148834,148867,148893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148837,4190],{"class":58},[52,148839,63],{"class":62},[52,148841,1370],{"class":84},[52,148843,100],{"class":66},[52,148845,4199],{"class":70},[52,148847,100],{"class":66},[52,148849,318],{"class":84},[52,148851,67],{"class":66},[52,148853,148854],{"class":70},"pineapple",[52,148856,100],{"class":66},[52,148858,318],{"class":84},[52,148860,67],{"class":66},[52,148862,4199],{"class":70},[52,148864,100],{"class":66},[52,148866,329],{"class":84},[52,148868,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148886,148888,148890],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148870,81],{"class":80},[52,148872,85],{"class":84},[52,148874,4234],{"class":88},[52,148876,92],{"class":84},[52,148878,41386],{"class":88},[52,148880,85],{"class":84},[52,148882,100],{"class":66},[52,148884,148885],{"class":70},"app",[52,148887,100],{"class":66},[52,148889,5485],{"class":84},[52,148891,148892],{"class":1479},"    # 0\n",[52,148894,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148896,81],{"class":80},[52,148898,85],{"class":84},[52,148900,4234],{"class":88},[52,148902,92],{"class":84},[52,148904,41386],{"class":88},[52,148906,85],{"class":84},[52,148908,100],{"class":66},[52,148910,4199],{"class":70},[52,148912,100],{"class":66},[52,148914,5485],{"class":84},[52,148916,51538],{"class":1479},[20,148918,148919,148922,148923,92],{},[15,148920,148921],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148924,2235],{},[38,148926,148928],{"id":148927},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148930,148931],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[176,148933,148934,148939,148948,148954],{},[179,148935,154,148936,148938],{},[15,148937,1638],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[179,148940,154,148941,148947],{},[289,148942,148944,148945],{"href":148943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148946,59091],{}," to find the position of a value",[179,148949,154,148950,148953],{},[15,148951,148952],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[179,148955,148956],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148958,46163,148959,174],{},[15,148960,1638],{},[43,148962,148964],{"className":45,"code":148963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148965,148966,148986,148990,149006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148967,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148969,3739],{"class":58},[52,148971,63],{"class":62},[52,148973,1370],{"class":84},[52,148975,2623],{"class":608},[52,148977,318],{"class":84},[52,148979,6117],{"class":608},[52,148981,318],{"class":84},[52,148983,54258],{"class":608},[52,148985,329],{"class":84},[52,148987,148988],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,148989,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,148991,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,148993,81],{"class":80},[52,148995,85],{"class":84},[52,148997,2140],{"class":608},[52,148999,1702],{"class":761},[52,149001,4384],{"class":88},[52,149003,3784],{"class":84},[52,149005,43980],{"class":1479},[52,149007,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,149009,81],{"class":80},[52,149011,85],{"class":84},[52,149013,2252],{"class":608},[52,149015,1702],{"class":761},[52,149017,4384],{"class":88},[52,149019,3784],{"class":84},[52,149021,43997],{"class":1479},[20,149023,46163,149024,174],{},[15,149025,59091],{},[43,149027,149029],{"className":45,"code":149028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149030,149031,149055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149032,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149034,3739],{"class":58},[52,149036,63],{"class":62},[52,149038,1370],{"class":84},[52,149040,2623],{"class":608},[52,149042,318],{"class":84},[52,149044,6117],{"class":608},[52,149046,318],{"class":84},[52,149048,54258],{"class":608},[52,149050,318],{"class":84},[52,149052,6117],{"class":608},[52,149054,329],{"class":84},[52,149056,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149058,81],{"class":80},[52,149060,85],{"class":84},[52,149062,3771],{"class":88},[52,149064,92],{"class":84},[52,149066,35972],{"class":88},[52,149068,85],{"class":84},[52,149070,2140],{"class":608},[52,149072,5485],{"class":84},[52,149074,27905],{"class":1479},[20,149076,149077,149079,149080,149082,149084],{},[15,149078,57413],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9967,149081],{},[15,149083,59091],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[38,149086,1940],{"id":1939},[412,149088,5266,149090,5269],{"id":149089},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149091,147814],{},[20,149093,149094],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[412,149096,1944,149098,149100],{"id":149097},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149099,147814],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149102,149103],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[412,149105,149107],{"id":149106},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149109,12034,149110,92],{},[15,149111,2235],{},[412,149113,1958,149115,149117],{"id":149114},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149116,147814],{}," count strings?",[20,149119,149120],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[412,149122,1987,149124,342,149126,1993],{"id":149123},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149125,147814],{},[15,149127,149128],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149130,149131,149133,149134,149136],{},[15,149132,57413],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149135,59091],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[38,149138,2005],{"id":2004},[176,149140,149141,149145,149150,149157,149165],{},[179,149142,149143],{},[289,149144,147923],{"href":147922},[179,149146,149147],{},[289,149148,149149],{"href":147926},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[179,149151,149152],{},[289,149153,149154,149155,1441],{"href":148943},"Python tuple ",[15,149156,59091],{},[179,149158,149159],{},[289,149160,149162,149163],{"href":149161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149164,42486],{},[179,149166,149167],{},[289,149168,59079],{"href":59078},[2035,149170,149171],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":149173},[149174,149176,149179,149180,149181,149182,149183,149191,149192,149203],{"id":147890,"depth":77,"text":149175},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147930,"depth":77,"text":147931,"children":149177},[149178],{"id":103221,"depth":111,"text":103222},{"id":11596,"depth":77,"text":11597},{"id":38145,"depth":77,"text":38146},{"id":41171,"depth":77,"text":41172},{"id":148453,"depth":77,"text":148454},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":149184},[149185,149187,149188,149190],{"id":148613,"depth":111,"text":149186},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58716,"depth":111,"text":59132},{"id":148809,"depth":111,"text":149189},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148822,"depth":111,"text":148823},{"id":148927,"depth":77,"text":148928},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":149193},[149194,149196,149198,149199,149201],{"id":149089,"depth":111,"text":149195},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149097,"depth":111,"text":149197},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149106,"depth":111,"text":149107},{"id":149114,"depth":111,"text":149200},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149123,"depth":111,"text":149202},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147801,"description":149204},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149211,"title":149212,"body":149213,"description":150900,"extension":2078,"meta":150901,"navigation":221,"path":150902,"seo":150903,"stem":150904,"__hash__":150905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149214,"toc":150863},[149215,149218,149221,149230,149232,149362,149364,149425,149431,149433,149453,149457,149460,149463,149498,149500,149521,149524,149563,149565,149590,149597,149601,149604,149641,149643,149666,149669,149672,149684,149690,149694,149697,149703,149744,149746,149769,149772,149813,149815,149842,149844,149861,149863,149880,149883,149887,149890,149892,149926,149928,149975,149979,150018,150022,150025,150082,150084,150125,150131,150137,150142,150144,150181,150183,150203,150205,150238,150240,150273,150276,150280,150313,150315,150340,150343,150345,150359,150366,150368,150371,150375,150378,150413,150416,150451,150455,150458,150497,150500,150539,150543,150545,150575,150578,150585,150587,150619,150622,150654,150657,150688,150690,150707,150711,150714,150778,150780,150784,150791,150795,150798,150802,150805,150809,150812,150817,150823,150825,150860],[10,149216,149212],{"id":149217},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149219,149220],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149222,149223,149224,32,149228,92],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[289,149225,149227],{"href":149226},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[289,149229,147923],{"href":147922},[38,149231,41],{"id":40},[43,149233,149235],{"className":45,"code":149234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149236,149237,149257,149266,149280,149316,149320,149330,149340,149351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149238,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149240,3739],{"class":58},[52,149242,63],{"class":62},[52,149244,1370],{"class":84},[52,149246,3106],{"class":608},[52,149248,318],{"class":84},[52,149250,3111],{"class":608},[52,149252,318],{"class":84},[52,149254,609],{"class":608},[52,149256,329],{"class":84},[52,149258,149259,149261,149263],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149260,124951],{"class":58},[52,149262,63],{"class":62},[52,149264,149265],{"class":84}," ()\n",[52,149267,149268,149271,149273,149275,149277],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,149269,149270],{"class":58},"one_item ",[52,149272,63],{"class":62},[52,149274,1370],{"class":84},[52,149276,2252],{"class":608},[52,149278,149279],{"class":84},",)\n",[52,149281,149282,149285,149287,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,149283,149284],{"class":58},"from_list ",[52,149286,63],{"class":62},[52,149288,149289],{"class":1929}," tuple",[52,149291,3103],{"class":84},[52,149293,100],{"class":66},[52,149295,289],{"class":70},[52,149297,100],{"class":66},[52,149299,318],{"class":84},[52,149301,67],{"class":66},[52,149303,4883],{"class":70},[52,149305,100],{"class":66},[52,149307,318],{"class":84},[52,149309,67],{"class":66},[52,149311,9860],{"class":70},[52,149313,100],{"class":66},[52,149315,4009],{"class":84},[52,149317,149318],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,149319,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,149321,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,149323,81],{"class":80},[52,149325,85],{"class":84},[52,149327,3771],{"class":88},[52,149329,329],{"class":84},[52,149331,149332,149334,149336,149338],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,149333,81],{"class":80},[52,149335,85],{"class":84},[52,149337,125002],{"class":88},[52,149339,329],{"class":84},[52,149341,149342,149344,149346,149349],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,149343,81],{"class":80},[52,149345,85],{"class":84},[52,149347,149348],{"class":88},"one_item",[52,149350,329],{"class":84},[52,149352,149353,149355,149357,149360],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,149354,81],{"class":80},[52,149356,85],{"class":84},[52,149358,149359],{"class":88},"from_list",[52,149361,329],{"class":84},[20,149363,135],{},[43,149365,149367],{"className":45,"code":149366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149368,149369,149385,149389,149397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149370,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149372,85],{"class":84},[52,149374,3106],{"class":608},[52,149376,318],{"class":84},[52,149378,3111],{"class":608},[52,149380,318],{"class":84},[52,149382,609],{"class":608},[52,149384,329],{"class":84},[52,149386,149387],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149388,8763],{"class":84},[52,149390,149391,149393,149395],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,149392,85],{"class":84},[52,149394,2252],{"class":608},[52,149396,149279],{"class":84},[52,149398,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,149400,85],{"class":84},[52,149402,1888],{"class":66},[52,149404,289],{"class":70},[52,149406,1888],{"class":66},[52,149408,318],{"class":84},[52,149410,3416],{"class":66},[52,149412,4883],{"class":70},[52,149414,1888],{"class":66},[52,149416,318],{"class":84},[52,149418,3416],{"class":66},[52,149420,9860],{"class":70},[52,149422,1888],{"class":66},[52,149424,329],{"class":84},[20,149426,149427,149428,92],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149429,149430],{},"(5,)",[38,149432,15287],{"id":15286},[176,149434,149435,149438,149441,149444,149447,149450],{},[179,149436,149437],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[179,149439,149440],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[179,149442,149443],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[179,149445,149446],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[179,149448,149449],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[179,149451,149452],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[38,149454,149456],{"id":149455},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149458,149459],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149461,149462],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[43,149464,149466],{"className":45,"code":149465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149467,149468,149488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149469,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149471,3739],{"class":58},[52,149473,63],{"class":62},[52,149475,1370],{"class":84},[52,149477,3106],{"class":608},[52,149479,318],{"class":84},[52,149481,3111],{"class":608},[52,149483,318],{"class":84},[52,149485,609],{"class":608},[52,149487,329],{"class":84},[52,149489,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149491,81],{"class":80},[52,149493,85],{"class":84},[52,149495,3771],{"class":88},[52,149497,329],{"class":84},[20,149499,135],{},[43,149501,149503],{"className":45,"code":149502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149504,149505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149506,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149508,85],{"class":84},[52,149510,3106],{"class":608},[52,149512,318],{"class":84},[52,149514,3111],{"class":608},[52,149516,318],{"class":84},[52,149518,609],{"class":608},[52,149520,329],{"class":84},[20,149522,149523],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[43,149525,149527],{"className":45,"code":149526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149528,149529,149553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149530,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149532,9286],{"class":58},[52,149534,63],{"class":62},[52,149536,1370],{"class":84},[52,149538,3106],{"class":608},[52,149540,318],{"class":84},[52,149542,67],{"class":66},[52,149544,4199],{"class":70},[52,149546,100],{"class":66},[52,149548,318],{"class":84},[52,149550,4037],{"class":145},[52,149552,329],{"class":84},[52,149554,149555,149557,149559,149561],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149556,81],{"class":80},[52,149558,85],{"class":84},[52,149560,9325],{"class":88},[52,149562,329],{"class":84},[20,149564,135],{},[43,149566,149568],{"className":45,"code":149567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149569,149570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149571,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149573,85],{"class":84},[52,149575,3106],{"class":608},[52,149577,318],{"class":84},[52,149579,3416],{"class":66},[52,149581,4199],{"class":70},[52,149583,1888],{"class":66},[52,149585,318],{"class":84},[52,149587,4037],{"class":145},[52,149589,329],{"class":84},[20,149591,149592,149593,92],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[289,149594,149596],{"href":149595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[38,149598,149600],{"id":149599},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149602,149603],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[43,149605,149607],{"className":45,"code":149606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149608,149609,149617,149627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149610,149611,149613,149615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149612,124951],{"class":58},[52,149614,63],{"class":62},[52,149616,149265],{"class":84},[52,149618,149619,149621,149623,149625],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149620,81],{"class":80},[52,149622,85],{"class":84},[52,149624,125002],{"class":88},[52,149626,329],{"class":84},[52,149628,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,149630,81],{"class":80},[52,149632,85],{"class":84},[52,149634,1930],{"class":1929},[52,149636,85],{"class":84},[52,149638,125002],{"class":88},[52,149640,108],{"class":84},[20,149642,135],{},[43,149644,149646],{"className":45,"code":149645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149647,149648,149652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149649,149650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149651,8763],{"class":84},[52,149653,149654,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149655,3410],{"class":62},[52,149657,3413],{"class":2180},[52,149659,3416],{"class":66},[52,149661,49077],{"class":70},[52,149663,1888],{"class":66},[52,149665,3423],{"class":62},[20,149667,149668],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149670,149671],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[176,149673,149674,149679],{},[179,149675,149676,149677],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149678,7489],{},[179,149680,149681,149682],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149683,3910],{},[20,149685,149686,149687,92],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[289,149688,149689],{"href":57276},"Python list: creating a list",[38,149691,149693],{"id":149692},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149695,149696],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149698,149699,149700,149702],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3865,149701,4752],{}," automatically a tuple:",[43,149704,149706],{"className":45,"code":149705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149707,149708,149720,149730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149709,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149711,2565],{"class":58},[52,149713,63],{"class":62},[52,149715,1370],{"class":84},[52,149717,2252],{"class":608},[52,149719,329],{"class":84},[52,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149723,81],{"class":80},[52,149725,85],{"class":84},[52,149727,2591],{"class":88},[52,149729,329],{"class":84},[52,149731,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,149733,81],{"class":80},[52,149735,85],{"class":84},[52,149737,1930],{"class":1929},[52,149739,85],{"class":84},[52,149741,2591],{"class":88},[52,149743,108],{"class":84},[20,149745,135],{},[43,149747,149749],{"className":45,"code":149748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149750,149751,149755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149752,149753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149754,3064],{"class":608},[52,149756,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149758,3410],{"class":62},[52,149760,3413],{"class":2180},[52,149762,3416],{"class":66},[52,149764,2304],{"class":70},[52,149766,1888],{"class":66},[52,149768,3423],{"class":62},[20,149770,149771],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[43,149773,149775],{"className":45,"code":149774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149776,149777,149789,149799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149780,149270],{"class":58},[52,149782,63],{"class":62},[52,149784,1370],{"class":84},[52,149786,2252],{"class":608},[52,149788,149279],{"class":84},[52,149790,149791,149793,149795,149797],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149792,81],{"class":80},[52,149794,85],{"class":84},[52,149796,149348],{"class":88},[52,149798,329],{"class":84},[52,149800,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,149802,81],{"class":80},[52,149804,85],{"class":84},[52,149806,1930],{"class":1929},[52,149808,85],{"class":84},[52,149810,149348],{"class":88},[52,149812,108],{"class":84},[20,149814,135],{},[43,149816,149818],{"className":45,"code":149817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149819,149820,149828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149821,149822,149824,149826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149823,85],{"class":84},[52,149825,2252],{"class":608},[52,149827,149279],{"class":84},[52,149829,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149831,3410],{"class":62},[52,149833,3413],{"class":2180},[52,149835,3416],{"class":66},[52,149837,49077],{"class":70},[52,149839,1888],{"class":66},[52,149841,3423],{"class":62},[20,149843,16781],{},[43,149845,149847],{"className":45,"code":149846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149848,149849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149850,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149852,85],{"class":84},[52,149854,100],{"class":66},[52,149856,4199],{"class":70},[52,149858,100],{"class":66},[52,149860,149279],{"class":84},[20,149862,16769],{},[43,149864,149866],{"className":45,"code":149865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149867,149868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149869,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149871,85],{"class":84},[52,149873,100],{"class":66},[52,149875,4199],{"class":70},[52,149877,100],{"class":66},[52,149879,329],{"class":84},[20,149881,149882],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[38,149884,149886],{"id":149885},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149888,149889],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[412,149891,56584],{"id":3771},[43,149893,149894],{"className":45,"code":149465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149895,149896,149916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149897,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149899,3739],{"class":58},[52,149901,63],{"class":62},[52,149903,1370],{"class":84},[52,149905,3106],{"class":608},[52,149907,318],{"class":84},[52,149909,3111],{"class":608},[52,149911,318],{"class":84},[52,149913,609],{"class":608},[52,149915,329],{"class":84},[52,149917,149918,149920,149922,149924],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149919,81],{"class":80},[52,149921,85],{"class":84},[52,149923,3771],{"class":88},[52,149925,329],{"class":84},[412,149927,56587],{"id":5432},[43,149929,149931],{"className":45,"code":149930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149932,149933,149965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149934,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149936,13199],{"class":58},[52,149938,63],{"class":62},[52,149940,1370],{"class":84},[52,149942,100],{"class":66},[52,149944,13216],{"class":70},[52,149946,100],{"class":66},[52,149948,318],{"class":84},[52,149950,67],{"class":66},[52,149952,17580],{"class":70},[52,149954,100],{"class":66},[52,149956,318],{"class":84},[52,149958,67],{"class":66},[52,149960,13233],{"class":70},[52,149962,100],{"class":66},[52,149964,329],{"class":84},[52,149966,149967,149969,149971,149973],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,149968,81],{"class":80},[52,149970,85],{"class":84},[52,149972,17627],{"class":88},[52,149974,329],{"class":84},[412,149976,149978],{"id":149977},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[43,149980,149982],{"className":45,"code":149981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149983,149984,150008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149985,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149987,59596],{"class":58},[52,149989,63],{"class":62},[52,149991,1370],{"class":84},[52,149993,3106],{"class":608},[52,149995,318],{"class":84},[52,149997,67],{"class":66},[52,149999,4199],{"class":70},[52,150001,100],{"class":66},[52,150003,318],{"class":84},[52,150005,4037],{"class":145},[52,150007,329],{"class":84},[52,150009,150010,150012,150014,150016],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150011,81],{"class":80},[52,150013,85],{"class":84},[52,150015,59649],{"class":88},[52,150017,329],{"class":84},[412,150019,150021],{"id":150020},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150023,150024],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[43,150026,150028],{"className":45,"code":150027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150029,150030,150071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150031,150032,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150033,150034],{"class":58},"nested ",[52,150036,63],{"class":62},[52,150038,1370],{"class":84},[52,150040,3106],{"class":608},[52,150042,318],{"class":84},[52,150044,1370],{"class":84},[52,150046,100],{"class":66},[52,150048,289],{"class":70},[52,150050,100],{"class":66},[52,150052,318],{"class":84},[52,150054,67],{"class":66},[52,150056,4883],{"class":70},[52,150058,100],{"class":66},[52,150060,9354],{"class":84},[52,150062,3744],{"class":84},[52,150064,2448],{"class":608},[52,150066,318],{"class":84},[52,150068,7914],{"class":608},[52,150070,4009],{"class":84},[52,150072,150073,150075,150077,150080],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150074,81],{"class":80},[52,150076,85],{"class":84},[52,150078,150079],{"class":88},"nested",[52,150081,329],{"class":84},[20,150083,135],{},[43,150085,150087],{"className":45,"code":150086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150088,150089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150090,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150092,85],{"class":84},[52,150094,3106],{"class":608},[52,150096,318],{"class":84},[52,150098,1370],{"class":84},[52,150100,1888],{"class":66},[52,150102,289],{"class":70},[52,150104,1888],{"class":66},[52,150106,318],{"class":84},[52,150108,3416],{"class":66},[52,150110,4883],{"class":70},[52,150112,1888],{"class":66},[52,150114,9354],{"class":84},[52,150116,3744],{"class":84},[52,150118,2448],{"class":608},[52,150120,318],{"class":84},[52,150122,7914],{"class":608},[52,150124,4009],{"class":84},[38,150126,150128,150129],{"id":150127},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150130,38172],{},[20,150132,150133,150134,150136],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150135,38172],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150138,150139,150140,92],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[289,150141,63339],{"href":63338},[412,150143,105362],{"id":105361},[43,150145,150147],{"className":45,"code":150146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150148,150149,150171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150150,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150152,3739],{"class":58},[52,150154,63],{"class":62},[52,150156,149289],{"class":1929},[52,150158,3103],{"class":84},[52,150160,3106],{"class":608},[52,150162,318],{"class":84},[52,150164,3111],{"class":608},[52,150166,318],{"class":84},[52,150168,609],{"class":608},[52,150170,4009],{"class":84},[52,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150174,81],{"class":80},[52,150176,85],{"class":84},[52,150178,3771],{"class":88},[52,150180,329],{"class":84},[20,150182,135],{},[43,150184,150185],{"className":45,"code":149502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150186,150187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150188,150189,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150190,85],{"class":84},[52,150192,3106],{"class":608},[52,150194,318],{"class":84},[52,150196,3111],{"class":608},[52,150198,318],{"class":84},[52,150200,609],{"class":608},[52,150202,329],{"class":84},[412,150204,105548],{"id":105547},[43,150206,150208],{"className":45,"code":150207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150209,150210,150228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150213,36215],{"class":58},[52,150215,63],{"class":62},[52,150217,149289],{"class":1929},[52,150219,85],{"class":84},[52,150221,100],{"class":66},[52,150223,41687],{"class":70},[52,150225,100],{"class":66},[52,150227,329],{"class":84},[52,150229,150230,150232,150234,150236],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150231,81],{"class":80},[52,150233,85],{"class":84},[52,150235,36268],{"class":88},[52,150237,329],{"class":84},[20,150239,135],{},[43,150241,150243],{"className":45,"code":150242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150244,150245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150246,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150248,85],{"class":84},[52,150250,1888],{"class":66},[52,150252,289],{"class":70},[52,150254,1888],{"class":66},[52,150256,318],{"class":84},[52,150258,3416],{"class":66},[52,150260,4883],{"class":70},[52,150262,1888],{"class":66},[52,150264,318],{"class":84},[52,150266,3416],{"class":66},[52,150268,9860],{"class":70},[52,150270,1888],{"class":66},[52,150272,329],{"class":84},[20,150274,150275],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[412,150277,150279],{"id":150278},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[43,150281,150283],{"className":45,"code":150282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150284,150285,150303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150286,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150288,3946],{"class":58},[52,150290,63],{"class":62},[52,150292,149289],{"class":1929},[52,150294,85],{"class":84},[52,150296,60122],{"class":80},[52,150298,85],{"class":84},[52,150300,2623],{"class":608},[52,150302,108],{"class":84},[52,150304,150305,150307,150309,150311],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150306,81],{"class":80},[52,150308,85],{"class":84},[52,150310,5482],{"class":88},[52,150312,329],{"class":84},[20,150314,135],{},[43,150316,150318],{"className":45,"code":150317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150319,150320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150321,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150323,85],{"class":84},[52,150325,2235],{"class":608},[52,150327,318],{"class":84},[52,150329,5621],{"class":608},[52,150331,318],{"class":84},[52,150333,3111],{"class":608},[52,150335,318],{"class":84},[52,150337,609],{"class":608},[52,150339,329],{"class":84},[20,150341,150342],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[38,150344,20927],{"id":20926},[176,150346,150347,150350,150353,150356],{},[179,150348,150349],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[179,150351,150352],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[179,150354,150355],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[179,150357,150358],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150360,150361,150362,92],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[289,150363,150365],{"href":150364},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[38,150367,1445],{"id":1444},[20,150369,150370],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[412,150372,150374],{"id":150373},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150376,150377],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[43,150379,150381],{"className":45,"code":150380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150382,150383,150399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150384,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150386,28664],{"class":58},[52,150388,63],{"class":62},[52,150390,1370],{"class":84},[52,150392,100],{"class":66},[52,150394,4199],{"class":70},[52,150396,100],{"class":66},[52,150398,329],{"class":84},[52,150400,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150402,81],{"class":80},[52,150404,85],{"class":84},[52,150406,1930],{"class":1929},[52,150408,85],{"class":84},[52,150410,23437],{"class":88},[52,150412,108],{"class":84},[20,150414,150415],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[43,150417,150419],{"className":45,"code":150418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150420,150421,150437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150422,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150424,28664],{"class":58},[52,150426,63],{"class":62},[52,150428,1370],{"class":84},[52,150430,100],{"class":66},[52,150432,4199],{"class":70},[52,150434,100],{"class":66},[52,150436,149279],{"class":84},[52,150438,150439,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150440,81],{"class":80},[52,150442,85],{"class":84},[52,150444,1930],{"class":1929},[52,150446,85],{"class":84},[52,150448,23437],{"class":88},[52,150450,108],{"class":84},[412,150452,150454],{"id":150453},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150456,150457],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[43,150459,150461],{"className":45,"code":150460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150462,150463,150483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150464,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150466,3946],{"class":58},[52,150468,63],{"class":62},[52,150470,3744],{"class":84},[52,150472,3106],{"class":608},[52,150474,318],{"class":84},[52,150476,3111],{"class":608},[52,150478,318],{"class":84},[52,150480,609],{"class":608},[52,150482,3757],{"class":84},[52,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150486,81],{"class":80},[52,150488,85],{"class":84},[52,150490,1930],{"class":1929},[52,150492,85],{"class":84},[52,150494,5482],{"class":88},[52,150496,108],{"class":84},[20,150498,150499],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[43,150501,150503],{"className":45,"code":150502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150504,150505,150525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150506,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150508,3946],{"class":58},[52,150510,63],{"class":62},[52,150512,1370],{"class":84},[52,150514,3106],{"class":608},[52,150516,318],{"class":84},[52,150518,3111],{"class":608},[52,150520,318],{"class":84},[52,150522,609],{"class":608},[52,150524,329],{"class":84},[52,150526,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150528,81],{"class":80},[52,150530,85],{"class":84},[52,150532,1930],{"class":1929},[52,150534,85],{"class":84},[52,150536,5482],{"class":88},[52,150538,108],{"class":84},[412,150540,150542],{"id":150541},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150544,150355],{},[43,150546,150548],{"className":45,"code":150547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150549,150550,150570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150551,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150553,3739],{"class":58},[52,150555,63],{"class":62},[52,150557,1370],{"class":84},[52,150559,3106],{"class":608},[52,150561,318],{"class":84},[52,150563,3111],{"class":608},[52,150565,318],{"class":84},[52,150567,609],{"class":608},[52,150569,329],{"class":84},[52,150571,150572],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150573,150574],{"class":1479},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150576,150577],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[412,150579,1632,150581,150584],{"id":150580},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150582,150583],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150586,64765],{},[43,150588,150589],{"className":45,"code":150207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150590,150591,150609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150594,36215],{"class":58},[52,150596,63],{"class":62},[52,150598,149289],{"class":1929},[52,150600,85],{"class":84},[52,150602,100],{"class":66},[52,150604,41687],{"class":70},[52,150606,100],{"class":66},[52,150608,329],{"class":84},[52,150610,150611,150613,150615,150617],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150612,81],{"class":80},[52,150614,85],{"class":84},[52,150616,36268],{"class":88},[52,150618,329],{"class":84},[20,150620,150621],{},"gives:",[43,150623,150624],{"className":45,"code":150242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150625,150626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150627,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150629,85],{"class":84},[52,150631,1888],{"class":66},[52,150633,289],{"class":70},[52,150635,1888],{"class":66},[52,150637,318],{"class":84},[52,150639,3416],{"class":66},[52,150641,4883],{"class":70},[52,150643,1888],{"class":66},[52,150645,318],{"class":84},[52,150647,3416],{"class":66},[52,150649,9860],{"class":70},[52,150651,1888],{"class":66},[52,150653,329],{"class":84},[20,150655,150656],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[43,150658,150660],{"className":45,"code":150659,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150661,150662,150678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150665,6277],{"class":58},[52,150667,63],{"class":62},[52,150669,1370],{"class":84},[52,150671,100],{"class":66},[52,150673,41687],{"class":70},[52,150675,100],{"class":66},[52,150677,149279],{"class":84},[52,150679,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150681,81],{"class":80},[52,150683,85],{"class":84},[52,150685,38517],{"class":88},[52,150687,329],{"class":84},[20,150689,135],{},[43,150691,150693],{"className":45,"code":150692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('abc',)\n",[15,150694,150695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150696,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150698,85],{"class":84},[52,150700,1888],{"class":66},[52,150702,41687],{"class":70},[52,150704,1888],{"class":66},[52,150706,149279],{"class":84},[412,150708,150710],{"id":150709},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150712,150713],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[43,150715,150717],{"className":45,"code":150716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150718,150719,150736,150740,150750,150764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150720,150721,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150722,150723],{"class":58},"my_tuple ",[52,150725,63],{"class":62},[52,150727,1370],{"class":84},[52,150729,100],{"class":66},[52,150731,4199],{"class":70},[52,150733,100],{"class":66},[52,150735,149279],{"class":84},[52,150737,150738],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150739,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,150743,81],{"class":80},[52,150745,85],{"class":84},[52,150747,147941],{"class":88},[52,150749,329],{"class":84},[52,150751,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,150753,81],{"class":80},[52,150755,85],{"class":84},[52,150757,1930],{"class":1929},[52,150759,85],{"class":84},[52,150761,147941],{"class":88},[52,150763,108],{"class":84},[52,150765,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,150767,81],{"class":80},[52,150769,85],{"class":84},[52,150771,11284],{"class":80},[52,150773,85],{"class":84},[52,150775,147941],{"class":88},[52,150777,108],{"class":84},[38,150779,1940],{"id":1939},[412,150781,150783],{"id":150782},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150785,150786,150787,150790],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150788,150789],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[412,150792,150794],{"id":150793},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150796,150797],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[412,150799,150801],{"id":150800},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150803,150804],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[412,150806,150808],{"id":150807},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150810,150811],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[412,150813,5266,150815,12838],{"id":150814},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150816,150583],{},[20,150818,5272,150819,150822],{},[15,150820,150821],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[38,150824,2005],{"id":2004},[176,150826,150827,150831,150835,150841,150846,150851,150855],{},[179,150828,150829],{},[289,150830,147923],{"href":147922},[179,150832,150833],{},[289,150834,149596],{"href":149595},[179,150836,150837],{},[289,150838,150840],{"href":150839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[179,150842,150843],{},[289,150844,150845],{"href":149161},"Python tuple length with len()",[179,150847,150848],{},[289,150849,150850],{"href":149226},"What is a tuple in Python?",[179,150852,150853],{},[289,150854,63339],{"href":63338},[179,150856,150857],{},[289,150858,150859],{"href":150364},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2035,150861,150862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":150864},[150865,150866,150867,150868,150869,150870,150876,150882,150883,150891,150899],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":15286,"depth":77,"text":15287},{"id":149455,"depth":77,"text":149456},{"id":149599,"depth":77,"text":149600},{"id":149692,"depth":77,"text":149693},{"id":149885,"depth":77,"text":149886,"children":150871},[150872,150873,150874,150875],{"id":3771,"depth":111,"text":56584},{"id":5432,"depth":111,"text":56587},{"id":149977,"depth":111,"text":149978},{"id":150020,"depth":111,"text":150021},{"id":150127,"depth":77,"text":150877,"children":150878},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150879,150880,150881],{"id":105361,"depth":111,"text":105362},{"id":105547,"depth":111,"text":105548},{"id":150278,"depth":111,"text":150279},{"id":20926,"depth":77,"text":20927},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":150884},[150885,150886,150887,150888,150890],{"id":150373,"depth":111,"text":150374},{"id":150453,"depth":111,"text":150454},{"id":150541,"depth":111,"text":150542},{"id":150580,"depth":111,"text":150889},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150709,"depth":111,"text":150710},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":150892},[150893,150894,150895,150896,150897],{"id":150782,"depth":111,"text":150783},{"id":150793,"depth":111,"text":150794},{"id":150800,"depth":111,"text":150801},{"id":150807,"depth":111,"text":150808},{"id":150814,"depth":111,"text":150898},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149212,"description":150900},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150907,"title":150908,"body":150909,"description":152454,"extension":2078,"meta":152455,"navigation":221,"path":152456,"seo":152457,"stem":152458,"__hash__":152459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150910,"toc":152424},[150911,150914,150919,150921,150934,150940,150942,151009,151011,151046,151051,151055,151059,151061,151072,151080,151082,151084,151105,151107,151127,151130,151132,151137,151180,151182,151204,151207,151220,151224,151228,151231,151284,151286,151307,151312,151316,151319,151364,151366,151399,151411,151415,151423,151460,151462,151491,151495,151498,151551,151553,151573,151580,151584,151589,151658,151660,151685,151689,151692,151698,151775,151777,151836,151838,151850,151855,151859,151863,151877,151879,151914,151916,151933,151936,151949,151953,151957,151968,151973,151988,151991,151994,151996,151999,152003,152005,152019,152021,152045,152050,152054,152057,152076,152079,152128,152133,152150,152153,152186,152190,152192,152243,152246,152271,152274,152297,152301,152307,152309,152344,152347,152352,152354,152358,152361,152365,152370,152374,152377,152381,152384,152388,152393,152395,152421],[10,150912,150908],{"id":150913},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150915,9243,150916,150918],{},[15,150917,38172],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150920,82709],{},[176,150922,150923,150928],{},[179,150924,150925,150927],{},[15,150926,38172],{}," creates an empty tuple",[179,150929,150930,150933],{},[15,150931,150932],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150935,150936,150937,150939],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150938,38172],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[38,150941,41],{"id":40},[43,150943,150945],{"className":45,"code":150944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150946,150947,150967,150981,150985,150995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150948,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150950,3739],{"class":58},[52,150952,63],{"class":62},[52,150954,3744],{"class":84},[52,150956,3106],{"class":608},[52,150958,318],{"class":84},[52,150960,3111],{"class":608},[52,150962,318],{"class":84},[52,150964,609],{"class":608},[52,150966,3757],{"class":84},[52,150968,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,150970,2346],{"class":58},[52,150972,63],{"class":62},[52,150974,149289],{"class":1929},[52,150976,85],{"class":84},[52,150978,3771],{"class":88},[52,150980,329],{"class":84},[52,150982,150983],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,150984,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,150986,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,150988,81],{"class":80},[52,150990,85],{"class":84},[52,150992,2381],{"class":88},[52,150994,329],{"class":84},[52,150996,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,150998,81],{"class":80},[52,151000,85],{"class":84},[52,151002,1930],{"class":1929},[52,151004,85],{"class":84},[52,151006,2381],{"class":88},[52,151008,108],{"class":84},[20,151010,135],{},[43,151012,151014],{"className":45,"code":151013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151015,151016,151032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151017,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151019,85],{"class":84},[52,151021,3106],{"class":608},[52,151023,318],{"class":84},[52,151025,3111],{"class":608},[52,151027,318],{"class":84},[52,151029,609],{"class":608},[52,151031,329],{"class":84},[52,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151035,3410],{"class":62},[52,151037,3413],{"class":2180},[52,151039,3416],{"class":66},[52,151041,49077],{"class":70},[52,151043,1888],{"class":66},[52,151045,3423],{"class":62},[20,151047,154,151048,151050],{},[15,151049,150932],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[38,151052,151054],{"id":151053},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151056,151057,63047],{},[15,151058,38172],{},[20,151060,49051],{},[176,151062,151063,151066,151069],{},[179,151064,151065],{},"creates a tuple object",[179,151067,151068],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[179,151070,151071],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151073,151074,151075,151077,151078,92],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[289,151076,149227],{"href":149226}," or the full guide to ",[289,151079,147923],{"href":147922},[38,151081,296],{"id":295},[20,151083,26613],{},[43,151085,151087],{"className":45,"code":151086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151088,151089,151095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151090,151091,151093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151092,49077],{"class":1929},[52,151094,8763],{"class":84},[52,151096,151097,151099,151101,151103],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151098,49077],{"class":1929},[52,151100,85],{"class":84},[52,151102,3842],{"class":88},[52,151104,329],{"class":84},[20,151106,11580],{},[176,151108,151109,151112],{},[179,151110,151111],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[179,151113,151114,151115],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[176,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125],{},[179,151118,5423],{},[179,151120,5432],{},[179,151122,63118],{},[179,151124,5429],{},[179,151126,7374],{},[20,151128,151129],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[38,151131,149600],{"id":149599},[20,151133,29776,151134,151136],{},[15,151135,38172],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[43,151138,151140],{"className":45,"code":151139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151141,151142,151152,151156,151166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151143,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151145,124951],{"class":58},[52,151147,63],{"class":62},[52,151149,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151151,8763],{"class":84},[52,151153,151154],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151155,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151157,151158,151160,151162,151164],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151159,81],{"class":80},[52,151161,85],{"class":84},[52,151163,125002],{"class":88},[52,151165,329],{"class":84},[52,151167,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,151169,81],{"class":80},[52,151171,85],{"class":84},[52,151173,1930],{"class":1929},[52,151175,85],{"class":84},[52,151177,125002],{"class":88},[52,151179,108],{"class":84},[20,151181,135],{},[43,151183,151184],{"className":45,"code":149645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151185,151186,151190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151187,151188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151189,8763],{"class":84},[52,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151193,3410],{"class":62},[52,151195,3413],{"class":2180},[52,151197,3416],{"class":66},[52,151199,49077],{"class":70},[52,151201,1888],{"class":66},[52,151203,3423],{"class":62},[20,151205,151206],{},"This is equivalent to:",[43,151208,151210],{"className":45,"code":151209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\n",[15,151211,151212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151213,151214,151216,151218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151215,124951],{"class":58},[52,151217,63],{"class":62},[52,151219,149265],{"class":84},[38,151221,151223],{"id":151222},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[412,151225,151227],{"id":151226},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151229,151230],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[43,151232,151234],{"className":45,"code":151233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151235,151236,151256,151270,151274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151237,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151239,3739],{"class":58},[52,151241,63],{"class":62},[52,151243,3744],{"class":84},[52,151245,2448],{"class":608},[52,151247,318],{"class":84},[52,151249,7914],{"class":608},[52,151251,318],{"class":84},[52,151253,7919],{"class":608},[52,151255,3757],{"class":84},[52,151257,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151259,2346],{"class":58},[52,151261,63],{"class":62},[52,151263,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151265,85],{"class":84},[52,151267,3771],{"class":88},[52,151269,329],{"class":84},[52,151271,151272],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151273,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151275,151276,151278,151280,151282],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,151277,81],{"class":80},[52,151279,85],{"class":84},[52,151281,2381],{"class":88},[52,151283,329],{"class":84},[20,151285,135],{},[43,151287,151289],{"className":45,"code":151288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151290,151291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151294,85],{"class":84},[52,151296,2448],{"class":608},[52,151298,318],{"class":84},[52,151300,7914],{"class":608},[52,151302,318],{"class":84},[52,151304,7919],{"class":608},[52,151306,329],{"class":84},[20,151308,151309,151310,92],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[289,151311,105167],{"href":60179},[412,151313,151315],{"id":151314},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151317,151318],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[43,151320,151322],{"className":45,"code":151321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151323,151324,151336,151350,151354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151325,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151327,207],{"class":58},[52,151329,63],{"class":62},[52,151331,67],{"class":66},[52,151333,37173],{"class":70},[52,151335,74],{"class":66},[52,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151339,2346],{"class":58},[52,151341,63],{"class":62},[52,151343,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151345,85],{"class":84},[52,151347,231],{"class":88},[52,151349,329],{"class":84},[52,151351,151352],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151353,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151355,151356,151358,151360,151362],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,151357,81],{"class":80},[52,151359,85],{"class":84},[52,151361,2381],{"class":88},[52,151363,329],{"class":84},[20,151365,135],{},[43,151367,151369],{"className":45,"code":151368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151370,151371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151372,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151374,85],{"class":84},[52,151376,1888],{"class":66},[52,151378,9860],{"class":70},[52,151380,1888],{"class":66},[52,151382,318],{"class":84},[52,151384,3416],{"class":66},[52,151386,289],{"class":70},[52,151388,1888],{"class":66},[52,151390,318],{"class":84},[52,151392,3416],{"class":66},[52,151394,63408],{"class":70},[52,151396,1888],{"class":66},[52,151398,329],{"class":84},[20,151400,151401,151402,14178,151405,151407,151408,92],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151403,151404],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3865,151406,4752],{}," create ",[15,151409,151410],{},"('cat',)",[412,151412,151414],{"id":151413},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151416,151417,151419,151420,151422],{},[15,151418,36323],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151421,38172],{}," collects them all.",[43,151424,151426],{"className":45,"code":151425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151427,151428,151446,151450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151429,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151431,2346],{"class":58},[52,151433,63],{"class":62},[52,151435,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151437,85],{"class":84},[52,151439,60122],{"class":80},[52,151441,85],{"class":84},[52,151443,2252],{"class":608},[52,151445,108],{"class":84},[52,151447,151448],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151449,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151451,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151453,81],{"class":80},[52,151455,85],{"class":84},[52,151457,2381],{"class":88},[52,151459,329],{"class":84},[20,151461,135],{},[43,151463,151465],{"className":45,"code":151464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151466,151467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151468,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151470,85],{"class":84},[52,151472,2235],{"class":608},[52,151474,318],{"class":84},[52,151476,5621],{"class":608},[52,151478,318],{"class":84},[52,151480,3111],{"class":608},[52,151482,318],{"class":84},[52,151484,609],{"class":608},[52,151486,318],{"class":84},[52,151488,2575],{"class":608},[52,151490,329],{"class":84},[412,151492,151494],{"id":151493},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151496,151497],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[43,151499,151501],{"className":45,"code":151500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151502,151503,151523,151537,151541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151506,3946],{"class":58},[52,151508,63],{"class":62},[52,151510,10612],{"class":84},[52,151512,3106],{"class":608},[52,151514,318],{"class":84},[52,151516,3111],{"class":608},[52,151518,318],{"class":84},[52,151520,609],{"class":608},[52,151522,9429],{"class":84},[52,151524,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151526,2346],{"class":58},[52,151528,63],{"class":62},[52,151530,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151532,85],{"class":84},[52,151534,5482],{"class":88},[52,151536,329],{"class":84},[52,151538,151539],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151540,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,151544,81],{"class":80},[52,151546,85],{"class":84},[52,151548,2381],{"class":88},[52,151550,329],{"class":84},[20,151552,135],{},[43,151554,151555],{"className":45,"code":149502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151556,151557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151560,85],{"class":84},[52,151562,3106],{"class":608},[52,151564,318],{"class":84},[52,151566,3111],{"class":608},[52,151568,318],{"class":84},[52,151570,609],{"class":608},[52,151572,329],{"class":84},[20,151574,151575,151576,92],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[289,151577,151579],{"href":151578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[412,151581,151583],{"id":151582},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151585,63661,151586,151588],{},[15,151587,38172],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[43,151590,151592],{"className":45,"code":151591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151593,151594,151630,151644,151648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151595,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151597,13328],{"class":58},[52,151599,63],{"class":62},[52,151601,10612],{"class":84},[52,151603,100],{"class":66},[52,151605,459],{"class":70},[52,151607,100],{"class":66},[52,151609,174],{"class":84},[52,151611,67],{"class":66},[52,151613,13003],{"class":70},[52,151615,100],{"class":66},[52,151617,318],{"class":84},[52,151619,67],{"class":66},[52,151621,9419],{"class":70},[52,151623,100],{"class":66},[52,151625,174],{"class":84},[52,151627,9426],{"class":608},[52,151629,9429],{"class":84},[52,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151633,2346],{"class":58},[52,151635,63],{"class":62},[52,151637,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151639,85],{"class":84},[52,151641,17433],{"class":88},[52,151643,329],{"class":84},[52,151645,151646],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151647,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151649,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,151651,81],{"class":80},[52,151653,85],{"class":84},[52,151655,2381],{"class":88},[52,151657,329],{"class":84},[20,151659,30156],{},[43,151661,151663],{"className":45,"code":151662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151664,151665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151666,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151668,85],{"class":84},[52,151670,1888],{"class":66},[52,151672,459],{"class":70},[52,151674,1888],{"class":66},[52,151676,318],{"class":84},[52,151678,3416],{"class":66},[52,151680,9419],{"class":70},[52,151682,1888],{"class":66},[52,151684,329],{"class":84},[38,151686,151688],{"id":151687},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151690,151691],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151693,151694,151697],{},[15,151695,151696],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[43,151699,151701],{"className":45,"code":151700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151702,151703,151739,151743,151757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151704,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151706,13328],{"class":58},[52,151708,63],{"class":62},[52,151710,10612],{"class":84},[52,151712,100],{"class":66},[52,151714,459],{"class":70},[52,151716,100],{"class":66},[52,151718,174],{"class":84},[52,151720,67],{"class":66},[52,151722,13003],{"class":70},[52,151724,100],{"class":66},[52,151726,318],{"class":84},[52,151728,67],{"class":66},[52,151730,9419],{"class":70},[52,151732,100],{"class":66},[52,151734,174],{"class":84},[52,151736,9426],{"class":608},[52,151738,9429],{"class":84},[52,151740,151741],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151742,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,151746,81],{"class":80},[52,151748,85],{"class":84},[52,151750,49077],{"class":1929},[52,151752,85],{"class":84},[52,151754,17433],{"class":88},[52,151756,108],{"class":84},[52,151758,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,151760,81],{"class":80},[52,151762,85],{"class":84},[52,151764,49077],{"class":1929},[52,151766,85],{"class":84},[52,151768,17433],{"class":88},[52,151770,92],{"class":84},[52,151772,7934],{"class":88},[52,151774,6413],{"class":84},[20,151776,135],{},[43,151778,151780],{"className":45,"code":151779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151781,151782,151802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151783,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151785,85],{"class":84},[52,151787,1888],{"class":66},[52,151789,459],{"class":70},[52,151791,1888],{"class":66},[52,151793,318],{"class":84},[52,151795,3416],{"class":66},[52,151797,9419],{"class":70},[52,151799,1888],{"class":66},[52,151801,329],{"class":84},[52,151803,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151805,519],{"class":84},[52,151807,1888],{"class":66},[52,151809,459],{"class":70},[52,151811,1888],{"class":66},[52,151813,318],{"class":84},[52,151815,3416],{"class":66},[52,151817,13003],{"class":70},[52,151819,1888],{"class":66},[52,151821,9354],{"class":84},[52,151823,1370],{"class":84},[52,151825,1888],{"class":66},[52,151827,9419],{"class":70},[52,151829,1888],{"class":66},[52,151831,318],{"class":84},[52,151833,9426],{"class":608},[52,151835,108],{"class":84},[20,151837,18820],{},[176,151839,151840,151845],{},[179,151841,151842,151844],{},[15,151843,151696],{}," for keys",[179,151846,151847,32683],{},[15,151848,151849],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151851,151852,151853,92],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[289,151854,63671],{"href":63670},[38,151856,151858],{"id":151857},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151860,151861,18444],{},[15,151862,38172],{},[176,151864,151865,151868,151871,151874],{},[179,151866,151867],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[179,151869,151870],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[179,151872,151873],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[179,151875,151876],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151878,197],{},[43,151880,151882],{"className":45,"code":151881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151883,151884,151903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151885,151886,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151887,151888],{"class":58},"coordinates ",[52,151890,63],{"class":62},[52,151892,149289],{"class":1929},[52,151894,3103],{"class":84},[52,151896,2623],{"class":608},[52,151898,318],{"class":84},[52,151900,6117],{"class":608},[52,151902,4009],{"class":84},[52,151904,151905,151907,151909,151912],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,151906,81],{"class":80},[52,151908,85],{"class":84},[52,151910,151911],{"class":88},"coordinates",[52,151913,329],{"class":84},[20,151915,135],{},[43,151917,151919],{"className":45,"code":151918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151920,151921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151922,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151924,85],{"class":84},[52,151926,2623],{"class":608},[52,151928,318],{"class":84},[52,151930,6117],{"class":608},[52,151932,329],{"class":84},[20,151934,151935],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[176,151937,151938,151940,151943,151946],{},[179,151939,151911],{},[179,151941,151942],{},"RGB colors",[179,151944,151945],{},"dates",[179,151947,151948],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[38,151950,151952],{"id":151951},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151954,44553,151955,10723],{},[15,151956,38172],{},[176,151958,151959,151962,151965],{},[179,151960,151961],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[179,151963,151964],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[179,151966,151967],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151969,116593,151970,151972],{},[3865,151971,4752],{}," work:",[43,151974,151976],{"className":45,"code":151975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151977,151978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151979,151980,151982,151984,151986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151981,49077],{"class":1929},[52,151983,85],{"class":84},[52,151985,2252],{"class":608},[52,151987,329],{"class":84},[20,151989,151990],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151992,151993],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[38,151995,115431],{"id":115430},[20,151997,151998],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[412,152000,152002],{"id":152001},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152004,2955],{},[43,152006,152007],{"className":45,"code":151975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152008,152009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152010,152011,152013,152015,152017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152012,49077],{"class":1929},[52,152014,85],{"class":84},[52,152016,2252],{"class":608},[52,152018,329],{"class":84},[20,152020,29807],{},[43,152022,152023],{"className":45,"code":63775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152024,152025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152026,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152028,3124],{"class":1929},[52,152030,174],{"class":84},[52,152032,3416],{"class":66},[52,152034,2304],{"class":70},[52,152036,1888],{"class":66},[52,152038,24744],{"class":1929},[52,152040,8220],{"class":62},[52,152042,8223],{"class":62},[52,152044,63798],{"class":58},[20,152046,152047,152048,92],{},"If you see this, read ",[289,152049,62412],{"href":52722},[412,152051,152053],{"id":152052},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152055,152056],{},"This code:",[43,152058,152060],{"className":45,"code":152059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152061,152062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152063,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152065,49077],{"class":1929},[52,152067,85],{"class":84},[52,152069,100],{"class":66},[52,152071,266],{"class":70},[52,152073,100],{"class":66},[52,152075,329],{"class":84},[20,152077,152078],{},"returns:",[43,152080,152082],{"className":45,"code":152081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152083,152084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152085,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152087,85],{"class":84},[52,152089,1888],{"class":66},[52,152091,60561],{"class":70},[52,152093,1888],{"class":66},[52,152095,318],{"class":84},[52,152097,3416],{"class":66},[52,152099,60570],{"class":70},[52,152101,1888],{"class":66},[52,152103,318],{"class":84},[52,152105,3416],{"class":66},[52,152107,60579],{"class":70},[52,152109,1888],{"class":66},[52,152111,318],{"class":84},[52,152113,3416],{"class":66},[52,152115,60579],{"class":70},[52,152117,1888],{"class":66},[52,152119,318],{"class":84},[52,152121,3416],{"class":66},[52,152123,60596],{"class":70},[52,152125,1888],{"class":66},[52,152127,329],{"class":84},[20,152129,41032,152130,152132],{},[3865,152131,4752],{}," return:",[43,152134,152136],{"className":45,"code":152135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('hello',)\n",[15,152137,152138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152139,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152141,85],{"class":84},[52,152143,1888],{"class":66},[52,152145,266],{"class":70},[52,152147,1888],{"class":66},[52,152149,149279],{"class":84},[20,152151,152152],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[43,152154,152156],{"className":45,"code":152155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152157,152158,152175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152159,152160,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152161,152162],{"class":58},"single ",[52,152164,63],{"class":62},[52,152166,1370],{"class":84},[52,152168,100],{"class":66},[52,152170,266],{"class":70},[52,152172,100],{"class":66},[52,152174,149279],{"class":84},[52,152176,152177,152179,152181,152184],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152178,81],{"class":80},[52,152180,85],{"class":84},[52,152182,152183],{"class":88},"single",[52,152185,329],{"class":84},[412,152187,152189],{"id":152188},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152191,152056],{},[43,152193,152195],{"className":45,"code":152194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152196,152197,152229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152198,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152200,9286],{"class":58},[52,152202,63],{"class":62},[52,152204,10612],{"class":84},[52,152206,100],{"class":66},[52,152208,289],{"class":70},[52,152210,100],{"class":66},[52,152212,174],{"class":84},[52,152214,5621],{"class":608},[52,152216,318],{"class":84},[52,152218,67],{"class":66},[52,152220,4883],{"class":70},[52,152222,100],{"class":66},[52,152224,174],{"class":84},[52,152226,3111],{"class":608},[52,152228,9429],{"class":84},[52,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152232,81],{"class":80},[52,152234,85],{"class":84},[52,152236,49077],{"class":1929},[52,152238,85],{"class":84},[52,152240,9325],{"class":88},[52,152242,108],{"class":84},[20,152244,152245],{},"returns only the keys:",[43,152247,152249],{"className":45,"code":152248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152250,152251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152252,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152254,85],{"class":84},[52,152256,1888],{"class":66},[52,152258,289],{"class":70},[52,152260,1888],{"class":66},[52,152262,318],{"class":84},[52,152264,3416],{"class":66},[52,152266,4883],{"class":70},[52,152268,1888],{"class":66},[52,152270,329],{"class":84},[20,152272,152273],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[43,152275,152277],{"className":45,"code":152276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152278,152279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152280,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152282,81],{"class":80},[52,152284,85],{"class":84},[52,152286,49077],{"class":1929},[52,152288,85],{"class":84},[52,152290,9325],{"class":88},[52,152292,92],{"class":84},[52,152294,7934],{"class":88},[52,152296,6413],{"class":84},[412,152298,152300],{"id":152299},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152302,152303,152304,152306],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152305,38172],{}," conversion.",[20,152308,5595],{},[43,152310,152312],{"className":45,"code":152311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152313,152314,152334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152315,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152317,2565],{"class":58},[52,152319,63],{"class":62},[52,152321,1370],{"class":84},[52,152323,3106],{"class":608},[52,152325,318],{"class":84},[52,152327,3111],{"class":608},[52,152329,318],{"class":84},[52,152331,609],{"class":608},[52,152333,329],{"class":84},[52,152335,152336,152338,152340,152342],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152337,81],{"class":80},[52,152339,85],{"class":84},[52,152341,2591],{"class":88},[52,152343,329],{"class":84},[20,152345,152346],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152348,25632,152349,152351],{},[15,152350,38172],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[38,152353,1940],{"id":1939},[412,152355,152357],{"id":152356},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152359,152360],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[412,152362,152364],{"id":152363},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152366,152367,152368,92],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152369,7489],{},[412,152371,152373],{"id":152372},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152375,152376],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[412,152378,152380],{"id":152379},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152382,152383],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[412,152385,152387],{"id":152386},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152389,152390,152391,92],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152392,3124],{},[38,152394,2005],{"id":2004},[176,152396,152397,152401,152405,152409,152413,152417],{},[179,152398,152399],{},[289,152400,147923],{"href":147922},[179,152402,152403],{},[289,152404,150850],{"href":149226},[179,152406,152407],{},[289,152408,105167],{"href":60179},[179,152410,152411],{},[289,152412,151579],{"href":151578},[179,152414,152415],{},[289,152416,63671],{"href":63670},[179,152418,152419],{},[289,152420,62412],{"href":52722},[2035,152422,152423],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":152425},[152426,152427,152428,152429,152430,152437,152438,152439,152440,152446,152453],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":151053,"depth":77,"text":151054},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":149599,"depth":77,"text":149600},{"id":151222,"depth":77,"text":151223,"children":152431},[152432,152433,152434,152435,152436],{"id":151226,"depth":111,"text":151227},{"id":151314,"depth":111,"text":151315},{"id":151413,"depth":111,"text":151414},{"id":151493,"depth":111,"text":151494},{"id":151582,"depth":111,"text":151583},{"id":151687,"depth":77,"text":151688},{"id":151857,"depth":77,"text":151858},{"id":151951,"depth":77,"text":151952},{"id":115430,"depth":77,"text":115431,"children":152441},[152442,152443,152444,152445],{"id":152001,"depth":111,"text":152002},{"id":152052,"depth":111,"text":152053},{"id":152188,"depth":111,"text":152189},{"id":152299,"depth":111,"text":152300},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":152447},[152448,152449,152450,152451,152452],{"id":152356,"depth":111,"text":152357},{"id":152363,"depth":111,"text":152364},{"id":152372,"depth":111,"text":152373},{"id":152379,"depth":111,"text":152380},{"id":152386,"depth":111,"text":152387},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150908,"description":152454},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152461,"title":152462,"body":152463,"description":153876,"extension":2078,"meta":153877,"navigation":221,"path":153878,"seo":153879,"stem":153880,"__hash__":153881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152464,"toc":153848},[152465,152470,152475,152478,152480,152559,152565,152570,152574,152589,152591,152638,152640,152648,152656,152662,152664,152669,152689,152692,152719,152721,152745,152747,152889,152891,152895,152903,152906,152908,152985,152987,152995,152999,153003,153013,153023,153025,153030,153032,153091,153096,153098,153198,153200,153214,153219,153225,153232,153235,153237,153347,153351,153368,153370,153433,153435,153443,153455,153459,153464,153492,153495,153577,153579,153590,153592,153596,153623,153625,153627,153707,153715,153717,153772,153774,153779,153782,153786,153790,153792,153796,153800,153808,153815,153818,153820,153845],[10,152466,147807,152468,18],{"id":152467},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152469,59091],{},[20,152471,152472,152474],{},[15,152473,149128],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152476,152477],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[38,152479,41],{"id":40},[43,152481,152483],{"className":45,"code":152482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152484,152485,152525,152547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152486,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152488,13199],{"class":58},[52,152490,63],{"class":62},[52,152492,1370],{"class":84},[52,152494,100],{"class":66},[52,152496,13216],{"class":70},[52,152498,100],{"class":66},[52,152500,318],{"class":84},[52,152502,67],{"class":66},[52,152504,13233],{"class":70},[52,152506,100],{"class":66},[52,152508,318],{"class":84},[52,152510,67],{"class":66},[52,152512,17580],{"class":70},[52,152514,100],{"class":66},[52,152516,318],{"class":84},[52,152518,67],{"class":66},[52,152520,13233],{"class":70},[52,152522,100],{"class":66},[52,152524,329],{"class":84},[52,152526,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152528,65041],{"class":58},[52,152530,63],{"class":62},[52,152532,13247],{"class":58},[52,152534,92],{"class":84},[52,152536,35972],{"class":88},[52,152538,85],{"class":84},[52,152540,100],{"class":66},[52,152542,13233],{"class":70},[52,152544,100],{"class":66},[52,152546,329],{"class":84},[52,152548,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,152550,81],{"class":80},[52,152552,85],{"class":84},[52,152554,65068],{"class":88},[52,152556,3784],{"class":84},[52,152558,27905],{"class":1479},[20,152560,152561,152564],{},[15,152562,152563],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[38,152566,166,152568,169],{"id":152567},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152569,149128],{},[20,152571,2095,152572,11535],{},[15,152573,59091],{},[176,152575,152576,152579,152581,152584],{},[179,152577,152578],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[179,152580,128405],{},[179,152582,152583],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[179,152585,152586,152587],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152588,2235],{},[20,152590,197],{},[43,152592,152594],{"className":45,"code":152593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152595,152596,152620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152597,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152599,3739],{"class":58},[52,152601,63],{"class":62},[52,152603,1370],{"class":84},[52,152605,2448],{"class":608},[52,152607,318],{"class":84},[52,152609,7914],{"class":608},[52,152611,318],{"class":84},[52,152613,7919],{"class":608},[52,152615,318],{"class":84},[52,152617,7914],{"class":608},[52,152619,329],{"class":84},[52,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152623,81],{"class":80},[52,152625,85],{"class":84},[52,152627,3771],{"class":88},[52,152629,92],{"class":84},[52,152631,35972],{"class":88},[52,152633,85],{"class":84},[52,152635,15879],{"class":608},[52,152637,108],{"class":84},[20,152639,135],{},[43,152641,152642],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152643,152644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152645,152646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152647,47040],{"class":608},[20,152649,21104,152650,152652,152653,152655],{},[15,152651,15879],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152654,59091],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152657,151074,152658,92],{},[289,152659,152661],{"href":152660},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[38,152663,296],{"id":295},[20,152665,7886,152666,152668],{},[15,152667,59091],{}," in two ways:",[43,152670,152672],{"className":45,"code":152671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152673,152674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152675,152676,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152677,152678],{"class":58},"tuple_name",[52,152680,92],{"class":84},[52,152682,35972],{"class":88},[52,152684,85],{"class":84},[52,152686,2591],{"class":88},[52,152688,329],{"class":84},[20,152690,152691],{},"or:",[43,152693,152695],{"className":45,"code":152694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152696,152697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152698,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152700,152678],{"class":58},[52,152702,92],{"class":84},[52,152704,35972],{"class":88},[52,152706,85],{"class":84},[52,152708,2591],{"class":88},[52,152710,318],{"class":84},[52,152712,321],{"class":88},[52,152714,318],{"class":84},[52,152716,326],{"class":88},[52,152718,329],{"class":84},[412,152720,17521],{"id":17520},[176,152722,152723,152728,152733,152738],{},[179,152724,152725,152727],{},[15,152726,2591],{}," — the item to search for",[179,152729,152730,152732],{},[15,152731,341],{}," — optional starting position",[179,152734,152735,152737],{},[15,152736,345],{}," — optional ending position",[179,152739,152740,4906,152742,152744],{},[15,152741,345],{},[3865,152743,65190],{}," in the search",[20,152746,197],{},[43,152748,152750],{"className":45,"code":152749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152751,152752,152800,152804,152829,152857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152753,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152755,36215],{"class":58},[52,152757,63],{"class":62},[52,152759,1370],{"class":84},[52,152761,100],{"class":66},[52,152763,289],{"class":70},[52,152765,100],{"class":66},[52,152767,318],{"class":84},[52,152769,67],{"class":66},[52,152771,4883],{"class":70},[52,152773,100],{"class":66},[52,152775,318],{"class":84},[52,152777,67],{"class":66},[52,152779,9860],{"class":70},[52,152781,100],{"class":66},[52,152783,318],{"class":84},[52,152785,67],{"class":66},[52,152787,4883],{"class":70},[52,152789,100],{"class":66},[52,152791,318],{"class":84},[52,152793,67],{"class":66},[52,152795,18893],{"class":70},[52,152797,100],{"class":66},[52,152799,329],{"class":84},[52,152801,152802],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152803,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,152805,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,152807,81],{"class":80},[52,152809,85],{"class":84},[52,152811,36268],{"class":88},[52,152813,92],{"class":84},[52,152815,35972],{"class":88},[52,152817,85],{"class":84},[52,152819,100],{"class":66},[52,152821,4883],{"class":70},[52,152823,100],{"class":66},[52,152825,5485],{"class":84},[52,152827,152828],{"class":1479},"        # 1\n",[52,152830,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,152832,81],{"class":80},[52,152834,85],{"class":84},[52,152836,36268],{"class":88},[52,152838,92],{"class":84},[52,152840,35972],{"class":88},[52,152842,85],{"class":84},[52,152844,100],{"class":66},[52,152846,4883],{"class":70},[52,152848,100],{"class":66},[52,152850,318],{"class":84},[52,152852,3111],{"class":608},[52,152854,5485],{"class":84},[52,152856,51042],{"class":1479},[52,152858,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,152860,81],{"class":80},[52,152862,85],{"class":84},[52,152864,36268],{"class":88},[52,152866,92],{"class":84},[52,152868,35972],{"class":88},[52,152870,85],{"class":84},[52,152872,100],{"class":66},[52,152874,4883],{"class":70},[52,152876,100],{"class":66},[52,152878,318],{"class":84},[52,152880,5621],{"class":608},[52,152882,318],{"class":84},[52,152884,609],{"class":608},[52,152886,5485],{"class":84},[52,152888,27905],{"class":1479},[38,152890,103494],{"id":103493},[20,152892,152893,715],{},[15,152894,149128],{},[176,152896,152897,152900],{},[179,152898,152899],{},"An integer",[179,152901,152902],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152904,152905],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152907,197],{},[43,152909,152911],{"className":45,"code":152910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152912,152913,152953,152975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152914,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152916,108593],{"class":58},[52,152918,63],{"class":62},[52,152920,1370],{"class":84},[52,152922,100],{"class":66},[52,152924,37173],{"class":70},[52,152926,100],{"class":66},[52,152928,318],{"class":84},[52,152930,67],{"class":66},[52,152932,58250],{"class":70},[52,152934,100],{"class":66},[52,152936,318],{"class":84},[52,152938,67],{"class":66},[52,152940,58267],{"class":70},[52,152942,100],{"class":66},[52,152944,318],{"class":84},[52,152946,67],{"class":66},[52,152948,58250],{"class":70},[52,152950,100],{"class":66},[52,152952,329],{"class":84},[52,152954,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,152956,2346],{"class":58},[52,152958,63],{"class":62},[52,152960,108636],{"class":58},[52,152962,92],{"class":84},[52,152964,35972],{"class":88},[52,152966,85],{"class":84},[52,152968,100],{"class":66},[52,152970,58250],{"class":70},[52,152972,100],{"class":66},[52,152974,329],{"class":84},[52,152976,152977,152979,152981,152983],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,152978,81],{"class":80},[52,152980,85],{"class":84},[52,152982,2381],{"class":88},[52,152984,329],{"class":84},[20,152986,135],{},[43,152988,152989],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152990,152991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152992,152993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152994,47040],{"class":608},[38,152996,152998],{"id":152997},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153000,154,153001,10723],{},[15,153002,149128],{},[176,153004,153005,153007,153010],{},[179,153006,66218],{},[179,153008,153009],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[179,153011,153012],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153014,153015,153016,153019,153020,92],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153017,153018],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[289,153021,149596],{"href":153022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[38,153024,65751],{"id":65750},[20,153026,153027,153028,92],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153029,40830],{},[20,153031,197],{},[43,153033,153035],{"className":45,"code":153034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153036,153037,153069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153038,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153040,13199],{"class":58},[52,153042,63],{"class":62},[52,153044,1370],{"class":84},[52,153046,100],{"class":66},[52,153048,13216],{"class":70},[52,153050,100],{"class":66},[52,153052,318],{"class":84},[52,153054,67],{"class":66},[52,153056,13233],{"class":70},[52,153058,100],{"class":66},[52,153060,318],{"class":84},[52,153062,67],{"class":66},[52,153064,17580],{"class":70},[52,153066,100],{"class":66},[52,153068,329],{"class":84},[52,153070,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153072,81],{"class":80},[52,153074,85],{"class":84},[52,153076,17627],{"class":88},[52,153078,92],{"class":84},[52,153080,35972],{"class":88},[52,153082,85],{"class":84},[52,153084,100],{"class":66},[52,153086,22650],{"class":70},[52,153088,100],{"class":66},[52,153090,108],{"class":84},[20,153092,39779,153093,153095],{},[15,153094,109918],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153097,65826],{},[43,153099,153101],{"className":45,"code":153100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153102,153103,153135,153139,153155,153177,153183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153104,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153106,13199],{"class":58},[52,153108,63],{"class":62},[52,153110,1370],{"class":84},[52,153112,100],{"class":66},[52,153114,13216],{"class":70},[52,153116,100],{"class":66},[52,153118,318],{"class":84},[52,153120,67],{"class":66},[52,153122,13233],{"class":70},[52,153124,100],{"class":66},[52,153126,318],{"class":84},[52,153128,67],{"class":66},[52,153130,17580],{"class":70},[52,153132,100],{"class":66},[52,153134,329],{"class":84},[52,153136,153137],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153138,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,153140,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153142,733],{"class":761},[52,153144,67],{"class":66},[52,153146,22650],{"class":70},[52,153148,100],{"class":66},[52,153150,1702],{"class":62},[52,153152,13247],{"class":58},[52,153154,804],{"class":84},[52,153156,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,153158,784],{"class":80},[52,153160,85],{"class":84},[52,153162,17627],{"class":88},[52,153164,92],{"class":84},[52,153166,35972],{"class":88},[52,153168,85],{"class":84},[52,153170,100],{"class":66},[52,153172,22650],{"class":70},[52,153174,100],{"class":66},[52,153176,108],{"class":84},[52,153178,153179,153181],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,153180,801],{"class":761},[52,153182,804],{"class":84},[52,153184,153185,153187,153189,153191,153194,153196],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,153186,784],{"class":80},[52,153188,85],{"class":84},[52,153190,100],{"class":66},[52,153192,153193],{"class":70},"Value not found",[52,153195,100],{"class":66},[52,153197,329],{"class":84},[20,153199,135],{},[43,153201,153203],{"className":45,"code":153202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Value not found\n",[15,153204,153205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153206,153207,153210,153212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153208,153209],{"class":58},"Value ",[52,153211,4752],{"class":62},[52,153213,65950],{"class":58},[20,153215,153216,153217,92],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[289,153218,65960],{"href":65959},[38,153220,1828,153221,342,153223],{"id":65527},[15,153222,341],{},[15,153224,345],{},[20,153226,2095,153227,342,153229,153231],{},[15,153228,341],{},[15,153230,345],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153233,153234],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153236,197],{},[43,153238,153240],{"className":45,"code":153239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153241,153242,153270,153274,153295,153319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153243,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153245,3946],{"class":58},[52,153247,63],{"class":62},[52,153249,1370],{"class":84},[52,153251,2252],{"class":608},[52,153253,318],{"class":84},[52,153255,688],{"class":608},[52,153257,318],{"class":84},[52,153259,4726],{"class":608},[52,153261,318],{"class":84},[52,153263,7914],{"class":608},[52,153265,318],{"class":84},[52,153267,4726],{"class":608},[52,153269,329],{"class":84},[52,153271,153272],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153273,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,153275,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153277,81],{"class":80},[52,153279,85],{"class":84},[52,153281,5482],{"class":88},[52,153283,92],{"class":84},[52,153285,35972],{"class":88},[52,153287,85],{"class":84},[52,153289,2252],{"class":608},[52,153291,5485],{"class":84},[52,153293,153294],{"class":1479},"        # 0\n",[52,153296,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,153298,81],{"class":80},[52,153300,85],{"class":84},[52,153302,5482],{"class":88},[52,153304,92],{"class":84},[52,153306,35972],{"class":88},[52,153308,85],{"class":84},[52,153310,2252],{"class":608},[52,153312,318],{"class":84},[52,153314,5621],{"class":608},[52,153316,5485],{"class":84},[52,153318,51076],{"class":1479},[52,153320,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,153322,81],{"class":80},[52,153324,85],{"class":84},[52,153326,5482],{"class":88},[52,153328,92],{"class":84},[52,153330,35972],{"class":88},[52,153332,85],{"class":84},[52,153334,2252],{"class":608},[52,153336,318],{"class":84},[52,153338,609],{"class":608},[52,153340,318],{"class":84},[52,153342,4726],{"class":608},[52,153344,5485],{"class":84},[52,153346,51059],{"class":1479},[412,153348,153350],{"id":153349},"how-it-works","How it works",[176,153352,153353,153358,153363],{},[179,153354,153355,153357],{},[15,153356,341],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[179,153359,153360,153362],{},[15,153361,345],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[179,153364,2095,153365,153367],{},[15,153366,345],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153369,197],{},[43,153371,153373],{"className":45,"code":153372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153374,153375,153403,153407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153376,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153378,3946],{"class":58},[52,153380,63],{"class":62},[52,153382,1370],{"class":84},[52,153384,2252],{"class":608},[52,153386,318],{"class":84},[52,153388,688],{"class":608},[52,153390,318],{"class":84},[52,153392,4726],{"class":608},[52,153394,318],{"class":84},[52,153396,7914],{"class":608},[52,153398,318],{"class":84},[52,153400,4726],{"class":608},[52,153402,329],{"class":84},[52,153404,153405],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153406,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,153408,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153410,81],{"class":80},[52,153412,85],{"class":84},[52,153414,5482],{"class":88},[52,153416,92],{"class":84},[52,153418,35972],{"class":88},[52,153420,85],{"class":84},[52,153422,2252],{"class":608},[52,153424,318],{"class":84},[52,153426,5621],{"class":608},[52,153428,318],{"class":84},[52,153430,2575],{"class":608},[52,153432,108],{"class":84},[20,153434,135],{},[43,153436,153437],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,153438,153439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153440,153441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153442,17182],{"class":608},[20,153444,153445,153446,2305,153448,17198,153450,153452,153453,92],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153447,3106],{},[15,153449,2172],{},[15,153451,627],{},", but not ",[15,153454,2623],{},[38,153456,153458],{"id":153457},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153460,153461,153462,174],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153463,149128],{},[176,153465,153466,153474,153479,153486],{},[179,153467,153468,153469,153471,153472],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3865,153470,2591],{}," with the ",[3865,153473,35972],{},[179,153475,153476,153477],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153478,2235],{},[179,153480,154,153481,153485],{},[289,153482,149154,153483,1441],{"href":149206},[15,153484,57413],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[179,153487,153488,153489,153491],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153490,153018],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153493,153494],{},"Example of value vs index:",[43,153496,153498],{"className":45,"code":153497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153499,153500,153532,153536,153560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153501,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153503,36364],{"class":58},[52,153505,63],{"class":62},[52,153507,1370],{"class":84},[52,153509,100],{"class":66},[52,153511,4199],{"class":70},[52,153513,100],{"class":66},[52,153515,318],{"class":84},[52,153517,67],{"class":66},[52,153519,4208],{"class":70},[52,153521,100],{"class":66},[52,153523,318],{"class":84},[52,153525,67],{"class":66},[52,153527,33347],{"class":70},[52,153529,100],{"class":66},[52,153531,329],{"class":84},[52,153533,153534],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153535,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,153537,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153539,81],{"class":80},[52,153541,85],{"class":84},[52,153543,36416],{"class":88},[52,153545,92],{"class":84},[52,153547,35972],{"class":88},[52,153549,85],{"class":84},[52,153551,100],{"class":66},[52,153553,4208],{"class":70},[52,153555,100],{"class":66},[52,153557,5485],{"class":84},[52,153559,27905],{"class":1479},[52,153561,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,153563,81],{"class":80},[52,153565,85],{"class":84},[52,153567,36416],{"class":88},[52,153569,4021],{"class":84},[52,153571,3106],{"class":608},[52,153573,20572],{"class":84},[52,153575,153576],{"class":1479},"               # banana\n",[20,153578,2294],{},[176,153580,153581,153585],{},[179,153582,153583,15371],{},[15,153584,65395],{},[179,153586,153587,153589],{},[15,153588,3106],{}," is the index",[38,153591,1445],{"id":1444},[20,153593,106232,153594,174],{},[15,153595,149128],{},[176,153597,153598,153601,153606,153611,153618],{},[179,153599,153600],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[179,153602,1725,153603,153605],{},[15,153604,59091],{}," to return all matching positions",[179,153607,153608,153609],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153610,2235],{},[179,153612,153613,153614,342,153616],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153615,341],{},[15,153617,345],{},[179,153619,1632,153620,153622],{},[15,153621,149128],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[412,153624,60832],{"id":60831},[20,153626,94494],{},[43,153628,153630],{"className":45,"code":153629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153631,153632,153642,153656,153671,153689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153635,81],{"class":80},[52,153637,85],{"class":84},[52,153639,147941],{"class":88},[52,153641,329],{"class":84},[52,153643,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153645,81],{"class":80},[52,153647,85],{"class":84},[52,153649,11284],{"class":80},[52,153651,85],{"class":84},[52,153653,147941],{"class":88},[52,153655,108],{"class":84},[52,153657,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153669],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153659,81],{"class":80},[52,153661,85],{"class":84},[52,153663,2565],{"class":88},[52,153665,1638],{"class":761},[52,153667,153668],{"class":88}," my_tuple",[52,153670,329],{"class":84},[52,153672,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,153674,81],{"class":80},[52,153676,85],{"class":84},[52,153678,147941],{"class":88},[52,153680,92],{"class":84},[52,153682,41386],{"class":88},[52,153684,85],{"class":84},[52,153686,2591],{"class":88},[52,153688,108],{"class":84},[52,153690,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,153692,81],{"class":80},[52,153694,85],{"class":84},[52,153696,147941],{"class":88},[52,153698,92],{"class":84},[52,153700,35972],{"class":88},[52,153702,85],{"class":84},[52,153704,2591],{"class":88},[52,153706,108],{"class":84},[20,153708,153709,153710,84517,153712,153714],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153711,40830],{},[15,153713,2591],{}," is missing.",[20,153716,129558],{},[43,153718,153720],{"className":45,"code":153719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153721,153722,153734,153752,153758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153723,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153725,733],{"class":761},[52,153727,21710],{"class":58},[52,153729,1638],{"class":62},[52,153731,153668],{"class":58},[52,153733,804],{"class":84},[52,153735,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153737,784],{"class":80},[52,153739,85],{"class":84},[52,153741,147941],{"class":88},[52,153743,92],{"class":84},[52,153745,35972],{"class":88},[52,153747,85],{"class":84},[52,153749,2591],{"class":88},[52,153751,108],{"class":84},[52,153753,153754,153756],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153755,801],{"class":761},[52,153757,804],{"class":84},[52,153759,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,153761,784],{"class":80},[52,153763,85],{"class":84},[52,153765,100],{"class":66},[52,153767,153193],{"class":70},[52,153769,100],{"class":66},[52,153771,329],{"class":84},[38,153773,1940],{"id":1939},[412,153775,5266,153777,12838],{"id":153776},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153778,149128],{},[20,153780,153781],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[412,153783,153785],{"id":153784},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153787,153788,152655],{},[15,153789,149128],{},[412,153791,149107],{"id":149106},[20,153793,76978,153794,92],{},[15,153795,40830],{},[412,153797,153799],{"id":153798},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153801,153802,153803,342,153805,153807],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153804,341],{},[15,153806,345],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[412,153809,1971,153811,57328,153813,1993],{"id":153810},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153812,149128],{},[15,153814,64987],{},[20,153816,153817],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[38,153819,2005],{"id":2004},[176,153821,153822,153828,153832,153837,153841],{},[179,153823,153824],{},[289,153825,149154,153826,1441],{"href":149206},[15,153827,57413],{},[179,153829,153830],{},[289,153831,149596],{"href":153022},[179,153833,153834],{},[289,153835,153836],{"href":150902},"Creating a tuple in Python",[179,153838,153839],{},[289,153840,65960],{"href":65959},[179,153842,153843],{},[289,153844,150850],{"href":152660},[2035,153846,153847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":153849},[153850,153851,153853,153856,153857,153858,153859,153862,153863,153866,153875],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":152567,"depth":77,"text":153852},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296,"children":153854},[153855],{"id":17520,"depth":111,"text":17521},{"id":103493,"depth":77,"text":103494},{"id":152997,"depth":77,"text":152998},{"id":65750,"depth":77,"text":65751},{"id":65527,"depth":77,"text":66309,"children":153860},[153861],{"id":153349,"depth":111,"text":153350},{"id":153457,"depth":77,"text":153458},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445,"children":153864},[153865],{"id":60831,"depth":111,"text":60832},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":153867},[153868,153870,153871,153872,153873],{"id":153776,"depth":111,"text":153869},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153784,"depth":111,"text":153785},{"id":149106,"depth":111,"text":149107},{"id":153798,"depth":111,"text":153799},{"id":153810,"depth":111,"text":153874},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152462,"description":153876},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153883,"title":153884,"body":153885,"description":155280,"extension":2078,"meta":155281,"navigation":221,"path":153022,"seo":155282,"stem":155283,"__hash__":155284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153886,"toc":155262},[153887,153890,153893,153896,153910,153912,153915,154009,154019,154025,154029,154032,154035,154037,154055,154057,154128,154130,154147,154151,154155,154158,154175,154178,154193,154195,154286,154289,154293,154296,154313,154315,154410,154413,154416,154420,154423,154517,154519,154538,154541,154545,154548,154550,154605,154607,154642,154645,154659,154667,154760,154769,154773,154776,154783,154786,154833,154835,154843,154846,154897,154899,154916,154921,154925,154928,154931,154933,154984,154987,155042,155045,155048,155050,155053,155073,155075,155148,155151,155164,155166,155170,155175,155179,155184,155201,155205,155208,155225,155229,155232,155234,155259],[10,153888,153884],{"id":153889},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153891,153892],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153894,153895],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[176,153897,153898,153901,153904,153907],{},[179,153899,153900],{},"positive indexes",[179,153902,153903],{},"negative indexes",[179,153905,153906],{},"common indexing mistakes",[179,153908,153909],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[38,153911,3729],{"id":3728},[20,153913,153914],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[43,153916,153918],{"className":45,"code":153917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153919,153920,153952,153956,153973,153990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153921,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153923,13199],{"class":58},[52,153925,63],{"class":62},[52,153927,1370],{"class":84},[52,153929,100],{"class":66},[52,153931,13216],{"class":70},[52,153933,100],{"class":66},[52,153935,318],{"class":84},[52,153937,67],{"class":66},[52,153939,17580],{"class":70},[52,153941,100],{"class":66},[52,153943,318],{"class":84},[52,153945,67],{"class":66},[52,153947,13233],{"class":70},[52,153949,100],{"class":66},[52,153951,329],{"class":84},[52,153953,153954],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,153955,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,153957,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,153959,81],{"class":80},[52,153961,85],{"class":84},[52,153963,17627],{"class":88},[52,153965,4021],{"class":84},[52,153967,2235],{"class":608},[52,153969,20572],{"class":84},[52,153971,153972],{"class":1479},"   # red\n",[52,153974,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,153976,81],{"class":80},[52,153978,85],{"class":84},[52,153980,17627],{"class":88},[52,153982,4021],{"class":84},[52,153984,3106],{"class":608},[52,153986,20572],{"class":84},[52,153988,153989],{"class":1479},"   # green\n",[52,153991,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,153993,81],{"class":80},[52,153995,85],{"class":84},[52,153997,17627],{"class":88},[52,153999,4021],{"class":84},[52,154001,2137],{"class":62},[52,154003,3106],{"class":608},[52,154005,20572],{"class":84},[52,154007,154008],{"class":1479},"  # blue\n",[176,154010,154011,154016],{},[179,154012,132347,154013,154015],{},[15,154014,2235],{}," is the first item.",[179,154017,154018],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154020,154021,154022,92],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[289,154023,154024],{"href":147926},"how to create a tuple in Python",[38,154026,154028],{"id":154027},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154030,154031],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154033,154034],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154036,11580],{},[176,154038,154039,154042,154049,154052],{},[179,154040,154041],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[179,154043,154044,154045,19089,154047],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154046,2235],{},[15,154048,3106],{},[179,154050,154051],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[179,154053,154054],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154056,197],{},[43,154058,154060],{"className":45,"code":154059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154061,154062,154082,154086,154100,154114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154063,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154065,3739],{"class":58},[52,154067,63],{"class":62},[52,154069,1370],{"class":84},[52,154071,2448],{"class":608},[52,154073,318],{"class":84},[52,154075,7914],{"class":608},[52,154077,318],{"class":84},[52,154079,7919],{"class":608},[52,154081,329],{"class":84},[52,154083,154084],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154085,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154087,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154089,81],{"class":80},[52,154091,85],{"class":84},[52,154093,3771],{"class":88},[52,154095,4021],{"class":84},[52,154097,2235],{"class":608},[52,154099,4009],{"class":84},[52,154101,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,154103,81],{"class":80},[52,154105,85],{"class":84},[52,154107,3771],{"class":88},[52,154109,4021],{"class":84},[52,154111,3106],{"class":608},[52,154113,4009],{"class":84},[52,154115,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,154117,81],{"class":80},[52,154119,85],{"class":84},[52,154121,3771],{"class":88},[52,154123,4021],{"class":84},[52,154125,2172],{"class":608},[52,154127,4009],{"class":84},[20,154129,135],{},[43,154131,154133],{"className":45,"code":154132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154134,154135,154139,154143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154136,154137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154138,2494],{"class":608},[52,154140,154141],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154142,71344],{"class":608},[52,154144,154145],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154146,69960],{"class":608},[20,154148,59516,154149,92],{},[289,154150,147923],{"href":147922},[38,154152,154154],{"id":154153},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154156,154157],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[176,154159,154160,154165,154170],{},[179,154161,154162,154164],{},[15,154163,2235],{}," = first item",[179,154166,154167,154169],{},[15,154168,3106],{}," = second item",[179,154171,154172,154174],{},[15,154173,2172],{}," = third item",[20,154176,154177],{},"Pattern:",[43,154179,154181],{"className":45,"code":154180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154182,154183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154184,154185,154187,154189,154191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154186,152678],{"class":58},[52,154188,4021],{"class":84},[52,154190,35972],{"class":58},[52,154192,3757],{"class":84},[20,154194,197],{},[43,154196,154198],{"className":45,"code":154197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154199,154200,154232,154236,154253,154269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154203,36364],{"class":58},[52,154205,63],{"class":62},[52,154207,1370],{"class":84},[52,154209,100],{"class":66},[52,154211,4199],{"class":70},[52,154213,100],{"class":66},[52,154215,318],{"class":84},[52,154217,67],{"class":66},[52,154219,4208],{"class":70},[52,154221,100],{"class":66},[52,154223,318],{"class":84},[52,154225,67],{"class":66},[52,154227,4217],{"class":70},[52,154229,100],{"class":66},[52,154231,329],{"class":84},[52,154233,154234],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154235,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154237,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154239,81],{"class":80},[52,154241,85],{"class":84},[52,154243,36416],{"class":88},[52,154245,4021],{"class":84},[52,154247,2235],{"class":608},[52,154249,20572],{"class":84},[52,154251,154252],{"class":1479},"  # apple\n",[52,154254,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,154256,81],{"class":80},[52,154258,85],{"class":84},[52,154260,36416],{"class":88},[52,154262,4021],{"class":84},[52,154264,3106],{"class":608},[52,154266,20572],{"class":84},[52,154268,51609],{"class":1479},[52,154270,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,154272,81],{"class":80},[52,154274,85],{"class":84},[52,154276,36416],{"class":88},[52,154278,4021],{"class":84},[52,154280,2172],{"class":608},[52,154282,20572],{"class":84},[52,154284,154285],{"class":1479},"  # cherry\n",[20,154287,154288],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[38,154290,154292],{"id":154291},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154294,154295],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[176,154297,154298,154303,154308],{},[179,154299,154300,154302],{},[15,154301,65975],{}," = last item",[179,154304,154305,154307],{},[15,154306,95524],{}," = second-to-last item",[179,154309,154310,154312],{},[15,154311,47794],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154314,197],{},[43,154316,154318],{"className":45,"code":154317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154319,154320,154352,154356,154374,154392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154323,36364],{"class":58},[52,154325,63],{"class":62},[52,154327,1370],{"class":84},[52,154329,100],{"class":66},[52,154331,4199],{"class":70},[52,154333,100],{"class":66},[52,154335,318],{"class":84},[52,154337,67],{"class":66},[52,154339,4208],{"class":70},[52,154341,100],{"class":66},[52,154343,318],{"class":84},[52,154345,67],{"class":66},[52,154347,4217],{"class":70},[52,154349,100],{"class":66},[52,154351,329],{"class":84},[52,154353,154354],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154355,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154357,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154359,81],{"class":80},[52,154361,85],{"class":84},[52,154363,36416],{"class":88},[52,154365,4021],{"class":84},[52,154367,2137],{"class":62},[52,154369,3106],{"class":608},[52,154371,20572],{"class":84},[52,154373,154285],{"class":1479},[52,154375,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,154377,81],{"class":80},[52,154379,85],{"class":84},[52,154381,36416],{"class":88},[52,154383,4021],{"class":84},[52,154385,2137],{"class":62},[52,154387,2172],{"class":608},[52,154389,20572],{"class":84},[52,154391,51609],{"class":1479},[52,154393,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,154395,81],{"class":80},[52,154397,85],{"class":84},[52,154399,36416],{"class":88},[52,154401,4021],{"class":84},[52,154403,2137],{"class":62},[52,154405,627],{"class":608},[52,154407,20572],{"class":84},[52,154409,154252],{"class":1479},[20,154411,154412],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154414,154415],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[38,154417,154419],{"id":154418},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154421,154422],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[43,154424,154426],{"className":45,"code":154425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154427,154428,154460,154464,154481,154498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154429,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154431,5118],{"class":58},[52,154433,63],{"class":62},[52,154435,1370],{"class":84},[52,154437,100],{"class":66},[52,154439,13003],{"class":70},[52,154441,100],{"class":66},[52,154443,318],{"class":84},[52,154445,67],{"class":66},[52,154447,36067],{"class":70},[52,154449,100],{"class":66},[52,154451,318],{"class":84},[52,154453,67],{"class":66},[52,154455,36076],{"class":70},[52,154457,100],{"class":66},[52,154459,329],{"class":84},[52,154461,154462],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154463,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154465,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154467,81],{"class":80},[52,154469,85],{"class":84},[52,154471,5162],{"class":88},[52,154473,4021],{"class":84},[52,154475,2235],{"class":608},[52,154477,20572],{"class":84},[52,154479,154480],{"class":1479},"   # first item\n",[52,154482,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,154484,81],{"class":80},[52,154486,85],{"class":84},[52,154488,5162],{"class":88},[52,154490,4021],{"class":84},[52,154492,3106],{"class":608},[52,154494,20572],{"class":84},[52,154496,154497],{"class":1479},"   # middle item\n",[52,154499,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,154501,81],{"class":80},[52,154503,85],{"class":84},[52,154505,5162],{"class":88},[52,154507,4021],{"class":84},[52,154509,2137],{"class":62},[52,154511,3106],{"class":608},[52,154513,20572],{"class":84},[52,154515,154516],{"class":1479},"  # last item\n",[20,154518,135],{},[43,154520,154522],{"className":45,"code":154521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154523,154524,154528,154533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154525,154526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154527,50163],{"class":58},[52,154529,154530],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154531,154532],{"class":58},"Ben\n",[52,154534,154535],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154536,154537],{"class":58},"Cara\n",[20,154539,154540],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[38,154542,154544],{"id":154543},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154546,154547],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154549,197],{},[43,154551,154553],{"className":45,"code":154552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154554,154555,154587,154591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154556,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154558,36215],{"class":58},[52,154560,63],{"class":62},[52,154562,1370],{"class":84},[52,154564,100],{"class":66},[52,154566,289],{"class":70},[52,154568,100],{"class":66},[52,154570,318],{"class":84},[52,154572,67],{"class":66},[52,154574,4883],{"class":70},[52,154576,100],{"class":66},[52,154578,318],{"class":84},[52,154580,67],{"class":66},[52,154582,9860],{"class":70},[52,154584,100],{"class":66},[52,154586,329],{"class":84},[52,154588,154589],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154590,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154592,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154594,81],{"class":80},[52,154596,85],{"class":84},[52,154598,36268],{"class":88},[52,154600,4021],{"class":84},[52,154602,2252],{"class":608},[52,154604,4009],{"class":84},[20,154606,135],{},[43,154608,154610],{"className":45,"code":154609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154611,154612,154624,154629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154613,154614,154617,154619,154622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154615,154616],{"class":88},"Traceback ",[52,154618,85],{"class":84},[52,154620,154621],{"class":88},"most recent call last",[52,154623,779],{"class":84},[52,154625,154626],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154627,154628],{"class":841},"  ...\n",[52,154630,154631,154633,154635,154637,154640],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154632,70851],{"class":1929},[52,154634,174],{"class":84},[52,154636,149289],{"class":1929},[52,154638,154639],{"class":58}," index out of ",[52,154641,71043],{"class":80},[20,154643,154644],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[176,154646,154647,154651,154655],{},[179,154648,154649],{},[15,154650,2235],{},[179,154652,154653],{},[15,154654,3106],{},[179,154656,154657],{},[15,154658,2172],{},[20,154660,154661,154662,92],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[289,154663,154664,154666],{"href":149161},[15,154665,42486],{}," on a tuple",[43,154668,154670],{"className":45,"code":154669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154671,154672,154704,154708,154724,154728,154746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154673,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154675,36215],{"class":58},[52,154677,63],{"class":62},[52,154679,1370],{"class":84},[52,154681,100],{"class":66},[52,154683,289],{"class":70},[52,154685,100],{"class":66},[52,154687,318],{"class":84},[52,154689,67],{"class":66},[52,154691,4883],{"class":70},[52,154693,100],{"class":66},[52,154695,318],{"class":84},[52,154697,67],{"class":66},[52,154699,9860],{"class":70},[52,154701,100],{"class":66},[52,154703,329],{"class":84},[52,154705,154706],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154707,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154709,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154711,81],{"class":80},[52,154713,85],{"class":84},[52,154715,11284],{"class":80},[52,154717,85],{"class":84},[52,154719,36268],{"class":88},[52,154721,5485],{"class":84},[52,154723,50894],{"class":1479},[52,154725,154726],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,154727,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154729,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,154731,733],{"class":761},[52,154733,38512],{"class":80},[52,154735,85],{"class":84},[52,154737,36268],{"class":88},[52,154739,3784],{"class":84},[52,154741,38522],{"class":62},[52,154743,3111],{"class":608},[52,154745,804],{"class":84},[52,154747,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,154749,784],{"class":80},[52,154751,85],{"class":84},[52,154753,36268],{"class":88},[52,154755,4021],{"class":84},[52,154757,2172],{"class":608},[52,154759,4009],{"class":84},[20,154761,154762,154763,92],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[289,154764,25805,154766],{"href":154765},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154767,154768],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[38,154770,154772],{"id":154771},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154774,154775],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[176,154777,154778,154780],{},[179,154779,76995],{},[179,154781,154782],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154784,154785],{},"Indexing example:",[43,154787,154789],{"className":45,"code":154788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154790,154791,154815,154819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154792,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154794,3739],{"class":58},[52,154796,63],{"class":62},[52,154798,1370],{"class":84},[52,154800,2448],{"class":608},[52,154802,318],{"class":84},[52,154804,7914],{"class":608},[52,154806,318],{"class":84},[52,154808,7919],{"class":608},[52,154810,318],{"class":84},[52,154812,50967],{"class":608},[52,154814,329],{"class":84},[52,154816,154817],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154818,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154820,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154822,81],{"class":80},[52,154824,85],{"class":84},[52,154826,3771],{"class":88},[52,154828,4021],{"class":84},[52,154830,3106],{"class":608},[52,154832,4009],{"class":84},[20,154834,135],{},[43,154836,154837],{"className":45,"code":71344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154838,154839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154840,154841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154842,71344],{"class":608},[20,154844,154845],{},"Slicing example:",[43,154847,154849],{"className":45,"code":154848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154850,154851,154875,154879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154852,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154854,3739],{"class":58},[52,154856,63],{"class":62},[52,154858,1370],{"class":84},[52,154860,2448],{"class":608},[52,154862,318],{"class":84},[52,154864,7914],{"class":608},[52,154866,318],{"class":84},[52,154868,7919],{"class":608},[52,154870,318],{"class":84},[52,154872,50967],{"class":608},[52,154874,329],{"class":84},[52,154876,154877],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154878,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,154880,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,154882,81],{"class":80},[52,154884,85],{"class":84},[52,154886,3771],{"class":88},[52,154888,4021],{"class":84},[52,154890,3106],{"class":608},[52,154892,174],{"class":84},[52,154894,627],{"class":608},[52,154896,4009],{"class":84},[20,154898,135],{},[43,154900,154902],{"className":45,"code":154901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154903,154904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154907,85],{"class":84},[52,154909,15879],{"class":608},[52,154911,318],{"class":84},[52,154913,7919],{"class":608},[52,154915,329],{"class":84},[20,154917,154918,154919,92],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[289,154920,150840],{"href":150839},[38,154922,154924],{"id":154923},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154926,154927],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154929,154930],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154932,6812],{},[43,154934,154936],{"className":45,"code":154935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154937,154938,154970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154939,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154941,13199],{"class":58},[52,154943,63],{"class":62},[52,154945,1370],{"class":84},[52,154947,100],{"class":66},[52,154949,13216],{"class":70},[52,154951,100],{"class":66},[52,154953,318],{"class":84},[52,154955,67],{"class":66},[52,154957,17580],{"class":70},[52,154959,100],{"class":66},[52,154961,318],{"class":84},[52,154963,67],{"class":66},[52,154965,13233],{"class":70},[52,154967,100],{"class":66},[52,154969,329],{"class":84},[52,154971,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,154973,81],{"class":80},[52,154975,85],{"class":84},[52,154977,17627],{"class":88},[52,154979,4021],{"class":84},[52,154981,3106],{"class":608},[52,154983,4009],{"class":84},[20,154985,154986],{},"But this does not work:",[43,154988,154990],{"className":45,"code":154989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154991,154992,155024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154993,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154995,13199],{"class":58},[52,154997,63],{"class":62},[52,154999,1370],{"class":84},[52,155001,100],{"class":66},[52,155003,13216],{"class":70},[52,155005,100],{"class":66},[52,155007,318],{"class":84},[52,155009,67],{"class":66},[52,155011,17580],{"class":70},[52,155013,100],{"class":66},[52,155015,318],{"class":84},[52,155017,67],{"class":66},[52,155019,13233],{"class":70},[52,155021,100],{"class":66},[52,155023,329],{"class":84},[52,155025,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155027,17627],{"class":58},[52,155029,4021],{"class":84},[52,155031,3106],{"class":608},[52,155033,13397],{"class":84},[52,155035,13400],{"class":62},[52,155037,67],{"class":66},[52,155039,22650],{"class":70},[52,155041,74],{"class":66},[20,155043,155044],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155046,155047],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[38,155049,1445],{"id":1444},[20,155051,155052],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[176,155054,155055,155061,155064,155067],{},[179,155056,132651,155057,11214,155059],{},[15,155058,3106],{},[15,155060,2235],{},[179,155062,155063],{},"Using an index that is too large",[179,155065,155066],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[179,155068,155069,155070],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155071,155072],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155074,62416],{},[43,155076,155078],{"className":45,"code":155077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155079,155080,155090,155104,155118,155134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155081,155082,155084,155086,155088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155083,81],{"class":80},[52,155085,85],{"class":84},[52,155087,147941],{"class":88},[52,155089,329],{"class":84},[52,155091,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155093,81],{"class":80},[52,155095,85],{"class":84},[52,155097,11284],{"class":80},[52,155099,85],{"class":84},[52,155101,147941],{"class":88},[52,155103,108],{"class":84},[52,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,155107,81],{"class":80},[52,155109,85],{"class":84},[52,155111,147941],{"class":88},[52,155113,4021],{"class":84},[52,155115,2235],{"class":608},[52,155117,4009],{"class":84},[52,155119,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,155121,81],{"class":80},[52,155123,85],{"class":84},[52,155125,147941],{"class":88},[52,155127,4021],{"class":84},[52,155129,2137],{"class":62},[52,155131,3106],{"class":608},[52,155133,4009],{"class":84},[52,155135,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,155137,81],{"class":80},[52,155139,85],{"class":84},[52,155141,1930],{"class":1929},[52,155143,85],{"class":84},[52,155145,147941],{"class":88},[52,155147,108],{"class":84},[20,155149,155150],{},"These can help you confirm:",[176,155152,155153,155156,155158,155161],{},[179,155154,155155],{},"what the tuple contains",[179,155157,60906],{},[179,155159,155160],{},"what the first and last items are",[179,155162,155163],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[38,155165,1940],{"id":1939},[412,155167,155169],{"id":155168},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155171,155172,155173,92],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155174,2235],{},[412,155176,155178],{"id":155177},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155180,154,155181,155183],{},[15,155182,65975],{}," as the index:",[43,155185,155187],{"className":45,"code":155186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155188,155189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155190,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155192,147941],{"class":58},[52,155194,4021],{"class":84},[52,155196,2137],{"class":62},[52,155198,3106],{"class":608},[52,155200,3757],{"class":84},[412,155202,155204],{"id":155203},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155206,155207],{},"Python raises:",[43,155209,155211],{"className":45,"code":155210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155212,155213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155214,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155216,70851],{"class":1929},[52,155218,174],{"class":84},[52,155220,149289],{"class":1929},[52,155222,154639],{"class":58},[52,155224,71043],{"class":80},[412,155226,155228],{"id":155227},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155230,155231],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[38,155233,2005],{"id":2004},[176,155235,155236,155241,155245,155249,155255],{},[179,155237,155238],{},[289,155239,155240],{"href":147926},"How to create a tuple in Python",[179,155242,155243],{},[289,155244,150840],{"href":150839},[179,155246,155247],{},[289,155248,150845],{"href":149161},[179,155250,155251],{},[289,155252,26248,155253],{"href":154765},[15,155254,154768],{},[179,155256,155257],{},[289,155258,147923],{"href":147922},[2035,155260,155261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":155263},[155264,155265,155266,155267,155268,155269,155270,155271,155272,155273,155279],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":154027,"depth":77,"text":154028},{"id":154153,"depth":77,"text":154154},{"id":154291,"depth":77,"text":154292},{"id":154418,"depth":77,"text":154419},{"id":154543,"depth":77,"text":154544},{"id":154771,"depth":77,"text":154772},{"id":154923,"depth":77,"text":154924},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":155274},[155275,155276,155277,155278],{"id":155168,"depth":111,"text":155169},{"id":155177,"depth":111,"text":155178},{"id":155203,"depth":111,"text":155204},{"id":155227,"depth":111,"text":155228},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153884,"description":155280},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155286,"title":155287,"body":155288,"description":157177,"extension":2078,"meta":157178,"navigation":221,"path":157179,"seo":157180,"stem":157181,"__hash__":157182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155289,"toc":157134},[155290,155296,155301,155352,155356,155364,155370,155372,155388,155390,155393,155408,155410,155423,155425,155482,155486,155494,155501,155507,155513,155517,155568,155572,155580,155584,155613,155617,155625,155629,155662,155666,155674,155678,155681,155732,155736,155744,155746,155763,155767,155771,155830,155834,155842,155845,155872,155876,155884,155888,155894,155969,155973,156010,156018,156022,156085,156089,156097,156102,156106,156112,156155,156159,156167,156173,156176,156223,156227,156235,156244,156250,156305,156309,156317,156320,156324,156326,156357,156361,156380,156383,156428,156432,156455,156461,156466,156468,156515,156520,156523,156571,156575,156583,156587,156592,156596,156646,156650,156665,156669,156727,156731,156746,156750,156821,156825,156834,156838,156917,156921,156943,156951,156953,156956,156981,156983,157036,157038,157055,157057,157061,157067,157072,157077,157081,157086,157090,157095,157101,157104,157106,157131],[10,155291,155293,155294,3784],{"id":155292},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155295,11284],{},[20,155297,154,155298,155300],{},[15,155299,42486],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[43,155302,155304],{"className":45,"code":155303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155305,155306,155338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155307,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155309,13199],{"class":58},[52,155311,63],{"class":62},[52,155313,1370],{"class":84},[52,155315,100],{"class":66},[52,155317,13216],{"class":70},[52,155319,100],{"class":66},[52,155321,318],{"class":84},[52,155323,67],{"class":66},[52,155325,17580],{"class":70},[52,155327,100],{"class":66},[52,155329,318],{"class":84},[52,155331,67],{"class":66},[52,155333,13233],{"class":70},[52,155335,100],{"class":66},[52,155337,329],{"class":84},[52,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155341,81],{"class":80},[52,155343,85],{"class":84},[52,155345,11284],{"class":80},[52,155347,85],{"class":84},[52,155349,17627],{"class":88},[52,155351,108],{"class":84},[20,155353,155354],{},[3865,155355,135],{},[43,155357,155358],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155359,155360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155361,155362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155363,46740],{"class":608},[20,155365,154,155366,155369],{},[15,155367,155368],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[38,155371,15287],{"id":15286},[176,155373,155374,155379,155383,155386],{},[179,155375,4319,155376,155378],{},[15,155377,42486],{}," works with tuples",[179,155380,68378,155381,11828],{},[15,155382,42486],{},[179,155384,155385],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[179,155387,4640],{},[38,155389,296],{"id":295},[20,155391,155392],{},"Use this pattern:",[43,155394,155396],{"className":45,"code":155395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155397,155398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155399,155400,155402,155404,155406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155401,11284],{"class":80},[52,155403,85],{"class":84},[52,155405,147941],{"class":88},[52,155407,329],{"class":84},[20,155409,11580],{},[176,155411,155412,155415,155418],{},[179,155413,155414],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[179,155416,155417],{},"The result is an integer",[179,155419,155420,155422],{},[15,155421,42486],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155424,197],{},[43,155426,155428],{"className":45,"code":155427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155429,155430,155454,155468,155472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155431,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155433,3739],{"class":58},[52,155435,63],{"class":62},[52,155437,1370],{"class":84},[52,155439,2448],{"class":608},[52,155441,318],{"class":84},[52,155443,7914],{"class":608},[52,155445,318],{"class":84},[52,155447,7919],{"class":608},[52,155449,318],{"class":84},[52,155451,50967],{"class":608},[52,155453,329],{"class":84},[52,155455,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155457,41368],{"class":58},[52,155459,63],{"class":62},[52,155461,38512],{"class":80},[52,155463,85],{"class":84},[52,155465,3771],{"class":88},[52,155467,329],{"class":84},[52,155469,155470],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,155471,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,155475,81],{"class":80},[52,155477,85],{"class":84},[52,155479,41386],{"class":88},[52,155481,329],{"class":84},[20,155483,155484],{},[3865,155485,135],{},[43,155487,155488],{"className":45,"code":48774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155489,155490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155491,155492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155493,48774],{"class":608},[20,155495,155496,155497,92],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[289,155498,3696,155499,3629],{"href":42483},[15,155500,42486],{},[38,155502,166,155504,155506],{"id":155503},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155505,42486],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155508,155509,155510,155512],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155511,42486],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[412,155514,155516],{"id":155515},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[43,155518,155520],{"className":45,"code":155519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155521,155522,155554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155523,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155525,36364],{"class":58},[52,155527,63],{"class":62},[52,155529,1370],{"class":84},[52,155531,100],{"class":66},[52,155533,4199],{"class":70},[52,155535,100],{"class":66},[52,155537,318],{"class":84},[52,155539,67],{"class":66},[52,155541,4208],{"class":70},[52,155543,100],{"class":66},[52,155545,318],{"class":84},[52,155547,67],{"class":66},[52,155549,33347],{"class":70},[52,155551,100],{"class":66},[52,155553,329],{"class":84},[52,155555,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155557,81],{"class":80},[52,155559,85],{"class":84},[52,155561,11284],{"class":80},[52,155563,85],{"class":84},[52,155565,36416],{"class":88},[52,155567,108],{"class":84},[20,155569,155570],{},[3865,155571,135],{},[43,155573,155574],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155575,155576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155577,155578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155579,46740],{"class":608},[412,155581,155583],{"id":155582},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[43,155585,155587],{"className":45,"code":155586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155588,155589,155598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155590,155591,155594,155596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155592,155593],{"class":58},"empty_tuple ",[52,155595,63],{"class":62},[52,155597,149265],{"class":84},[52,155599,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155611],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155601,81],{"class":80},[52,155603,85],{"class":84},[52,155605,11284],{"class":80},[52,155607,85],{"class":84},[52,155609,155610],{"class":88},"empty_tuple",[52,155612,108],{"class":84},[20,155614,155615],{},[3865,155616,135],{},[43,155618,155619],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155620,155621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155622,155623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155624,47375],{"class":608},[412,155626,155628],{"id":155627},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[43,155630,155632],{"className":45,"code":155631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155633,155634,155647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155635,155636,155639,155641,155643,155645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155637,155638],{"class":58},"single_value ",[52,155640,63],{"class":62},[52,155642,1370],{"class":84},[52,155644,2252],{"class":608},[52,155646,149279],{"class":84},[52,155648,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155660],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155650,81],{"class":80},[52,155652,85],{"class":84},[52,155654,11284],{"class":80},[52,155656,85],{"class":84},[52,155658,155659],{"class":88},"single_value",[52,155661,108],{"class":84},[20,155663,155664],{},[3865,155665,135],{},[43,155667,155668],{"className":45,"code":47040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155669,155670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155671,155672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155673,47040],{"class":608},[412,155675,155677],{"id":155676},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155679,155680],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[43,155682,155684],{"className":45,"code":155683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155685,155686,155718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155687,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155689,9286],{"class":58},[52,155691,63],{"class":62},[52,155693,1370],{"class":84},[52,155695,3106],{"class":608},[52,155697,318],{"class":84},[52,155699,1370],{"class":84},[52,155701,2172],{"class":608},[52,155703,318],{"class":84},[52,155705,609],{"class":608},[52,155707,9354],{"class":84},[52,155709,3744],{"class":84},[52,155711,2623],{"class":608},[52,155713,318],{"class":84},[52,155715,4726],{"class":608},[52,155717,4009],{"class":84},[52,155719,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155721,81],{"class":80},[52,155723,85],{"class":84},[52,155725,11284],{"class":80},[52,155727,85],{"class":84},[52,155729,9325],{"class":88},[52,155731,108],{"class":84},[20,155733,155734],{},[3865,155735,135],{},[43,155737,155738],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155739,155740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155741,155742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155743,46740],{"class":608},[20,155745,20083],{},[176,155747,155748,155753,155758],{},[179,155749,155750,155752],{},[15,155751,3106],{}," is one item",[179,155754,155755,155752],{},[15,155756,155757],{},"(2, 3)",[179,155759,155760,155752],{},[15,155761,155762],{},"[4, 5]",[38,155764,155766],{"id":155765},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[412,155768,155770],{"id":155769},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[43,155772,155774],{"className":45,"code":155773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155775,155776,155816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155777,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155779,13199],{"class":58},[52,155781,63],{"class":62},[52,155783,1370],{"class":84},[52,155785,100],{"class":66},[52,155787,13216],{"class":70},[52,155789,100],{"class":66},[52,155791,318],{"class":84},[52,155793,67],{"class":66},[52,155795,17580],{"class":70},[52,155797,100],{"class":66},[52,155799,318],{"class":84},[52,155801,67],{"class":66},[52,155803,13233],{"class":70},[52,155805,100],{"class":66},[52,155807,318],{"class":84},[52,155809,67],{"class":66},[52,155811,22650],{"class":70},[52,155813,100],{"class":66},[52,155815,329],{"class":84},[52,155817,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155819,81],{"class":80},[52,155821,85],{"class":84},[52,155823,11284],{"class":80},[52,155825,85],{"class":84},[52,155827,17627],{"class":88},[52,155829,108],{"class":84},[20,155831,155832],{},[3865,155833,135],{},[43,155835,155836],{"className":45,"code":48774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155837,155838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155839,155840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155841,48774],{"class":608},[412,155843,155583],{"id":155844},"empty-tuple-1",[43,155846,155848],{"className":45,"code":155847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155849,155850,155858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155851,155852,155854,155856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155853,7903],{"class":58},[52,155855,63],{"class":62},[52,155857,149265],{"class":84},[52,155859,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155861,81],{"class":80},[52,155863,85],{"class":84},[52,155865,11284],{"class":80},[52,155867,85],{"class":84},[52,155869,7934],{"class":88},[52,155871,108],{"class":84},[20,155873,155874],{},[3865,155875,135],{},[43,155877,155878],{"className":45,"code":47375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155879,155880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155881,155882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155883,47375],{"class":608},[412,155885,155887],{"id":155886},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155889,155890,155891,155893],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3865,155892,4752],{}," always a tuple.",[43,155895,155897],{"className":45,"code":155896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155898,155899,155911,155923,155927,155941,155955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155900,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155902,2673],{"class":58},[52,155904,63],{"class":62},[52,155906,1370],{"class":84},[52,155908,2252],{"class":608},[52,155910,329],{"class":84},[52,155912,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155914,2701],{"class":58},[52,155916,63],{"class":62},[52,155918,1370],{"class":84},[52,155920,2252],{"class":608},[52,155922,149279],{"class":84},[52,155924,155925],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,155926,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,155928,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,155930,81],{"class":80},[52,155932,85],{"class":84},[52,155934,1930],{"class":1929},[52,155936,85],{"class":84},[52,155938,289],{"class":88},[52,155940,108],{"class":84},[52,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,155944,81],{"class":80},[52,155946,85],{"class":84},[52,155948,1930],{"class":1929},[52,155950,85],{"class":84},[52,155952,4883],{"class":88},[52,155954,108],{"class":84},[52,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,155958,81],{"class":80},[52,155960,85],{"class":84},[52,155962,11284],{"class":80},[52,155964,85],{"class":84},[52,155966,4883],{"class":88},[52,155968,108],{"class":84},[20,155970,155971],{},[3865,155972,135],{},[43,155974,155976],{"className":45,"code":155975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155977,155978,155992,156006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155979,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155981,3410],{"class":62},[52,155983,3413],{"class":2180},[52,155985,3416],{"class":66},[52,155987,2304],{"class":70},[52,155989,1888],{"class":66},[52,155991,3423],{"class":62},[52,155993,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,155995,3410],{"class":62},[52,155997,3413],{"class":2180},[52,155999,3416],{"class":66},[52,156001,49077],{"class":70},[52,156003,1888],{"class":66},[52,156005,3423],{"class":62},[52,156007,156008],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156009,47040],{"class":608},[20,156011,156012,156013,342,156016,92],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[289,156014,156015],{"href":147926},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[289,156017,149227],{"href":149226},[412,156019,156021],{"id":156020},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[43,156023,156025],{"className":45,"code":156024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156026,156027,156071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156028,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156030,59596],{"class":58},[52,156032,63],{"class":62},[52,156034,1370],{"class":84},[52,156036,100],{"class":66},[52,156038,4199],{"class":70},[52,156040,100],{"class":66},[52,156042,318],{"class":84},[52,156044,3744],{"class":84},[52,156046,3106],{"class":608},[52,156048,318],{"class":84},[52,156050,3111],{"class":608},[52,156052,18187],{"class":84},[52,156054,1370],{"class":84},[52,156056,100],{"class":66},[52,156058,2289],{"class":70},[52,156060,100],{"class":66},[52,156062,318],{"class":84},[52,156064,67],{"class":66},[52,156066,11868],{"class":70},[52,156068,100],{"class":66},[52,156070,108],{"class":84},[52,156072,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156074,81],{"class":80},[52,156076,85],{"class":84},[52,156078,11284],{"class":80},[52,156080,85],{"class":84},[52,156082,59649],{"class":88},[52,156084,108],{"class":84},[20,156086,156087],{},[3865,156088,135],{},[43,156090,156091],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156092,156093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156094,156095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156096,46740],{"class":608},[20,156098,156099,156101],{},[15,156100,42486],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[38,156103,156105],{"id":156104},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[412,156107,156109,156111],{"id":156108},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156110,42486],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[43,156113,156115],{"className":45,"code":156114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156116,156117,156141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156120,4190],{"class":58},[52,156122,63],{"class":62},[52,156124,1370],{"class":84},[52,156126,100],{"class":66},[52,156128,63717],{"class":70},[52,156130,100],{"class":66},[52,156132,318],{"class":84},[52,156134,67],{"class":66},[52,156136,47],{"class":70},[52,156138,100],{"class":66},[52,156140,329],{"class":84},[52,156142,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156144,81],{"class":80},[52,156146,85],{"class":84},[52,156148,11284],{"class":80},[52,156150,85],{"class":84},[52,156152,4234],{"class":88},[52,156154,108],{"class":84},[20,156156,156157],{},[3865,156158,135],{},[43,156160,156161],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156162,156163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156164,156165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156166,17182],{"class":608},[20,156168,156169,156170,156172],{},"This result is ",[15,156171,2172],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156174,156175],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[43,156177,156179],{"className":45,"code":156178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156180,156181,156205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156182,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156184,4190],{"class":58},[52,156186,63],{"class":62},[52,156188,1370],{"class":84},[52,156190,100],{"class":66},[52,156192,63717],{"class":70},[52,156194,100],{"class":66},[52,156196,318],{"class":84},[52,156198,67],{"class":66},[52,156200,47],{"class":70},[52,156202,100],{"class":66},[52,156204,329],{"class":84},[52,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156208,81],{"class":80},[52,156210,85],{"class":84},[52,156212,11284],{"class":80},[52,156214,85],{"class":84},[52,156216,4234],{"class":88},[52,156218,4021],{"class":84},[52,156220,2235],{"class":608},[52,156222,3118],{"class":84},[20,156224,156225],{},[3865,156226,135],{},[43,156228,156229],{"className":45,"code":17182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156230,156231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156232,156233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156234,17182],{"class":608},[20,156236,20897,156237,156240,156241,92],{},[15,156238,156239],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156242,156243],{},"\"hi\"",[412,156245,156247,156249],{"id":156246},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156248,42486],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[43,156251,156253],{"className":45,"code":156252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156254,156255,156291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156256,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156258,3946],{"class":58},[52,156260,63],{"class":62},[52,156262,10116],{"class":84},[52,156264,3106],{"class":608},[52,156266,318],{"class":84},[52,156268,3111],{"class":608},[52,156270,9354],{"class":84},[52,156272,1370],{"class":84},[52,156274,627],{"class":608},[52,156276,318],{"class":84},[52,156278,2575],{"class":608},[52,156280,9354],{"class":84},[52,156282,1370],{"class":84},[52,156284,2252],{"class":608},[52,156286,318],{"class":84},[52,156288,37769],{"class":608},[52,156290,108],{"class":84},[52,156292,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156294,81],{"class":80},[52,156296,85],{"class":84},[52,156298,11284],{"class":80},[52,156300,85],{"class":84},[52,156302,5482],{"class":88},[52,156304,108],{"class":84},[20,156306,156307],{},[3865,156308,135],{},[43,156310,156311],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156312,156313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156314,156315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156316,46740],{"class":608},[20,156318,156319],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[412,156321,156323],{"id":156322},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156325,25816],{},[43,156327,156329],{"className":45,"code":156328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156330,156331,156343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156332,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156334,2565],{"class":58},[52,156336,63],{"class":62},[52,156338,1370],{"class":84},[52,156340,2448],{"class":608},[52,156342,329],{"class":84},[52,156344,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156346,81],{"class":80},[52,156348,85],{"class":84},[52,156350,1930],{"class":1929},[52,156352,85],{"class":84},[52,156354,2591],{"class":88},[52,156356,108],{"class":84},[20,156358,156359],{},[3865,156360,135],{},[43,156362,156364],{"className":45,"code":156363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156365,156366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156367,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156369,3410],{"class":62},[52,156371,3413],{"class":2180},[52,156373,3416],{"class":66},[52,156375,2304],{"class":70},[52,156377,1888],{"class":66},[52,156379,3423],{"class":62},[20,156381,156382],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[43,156384,156386],{"className":45,"code":156385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156387,156388,156400,156414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156389,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156391,2565],{"class":58},[52,156393,63],{"class":62},[52,156395,1370],{"class":84},[52,156397,2448],{"class":608},[52,156399,149279],{"class":84},[52,156401,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156403,81],{"class":80},[52,156405,85],{"class":84},[52,156407,1930],{"class":1929},[52,156409,85],{"class":84},[52,156411,2591],{"class":88},[52,156413,108],{"class":84},[52,156415,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156417,81],{"class":80},[52,156419,85],{"class":84},[52,156421,11284],{"class":80},[52,156423,85],{"class":84},[52,156425,2591],{"class":88},[52,156427,108],{"class":84},[20,156429,156430],{},[3865,156431,135],{},[43,156433,156435],{"className":45,"code":156434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156436,156437,156451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156438,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156440,3410],{"class":62},[52,156442,3413],{"class":2180},[52,156444,3416],{"class":66},[52,156446,49077],{"class":70},[52,156448,1888],{"class":66},[52,156450,3423],{"class":62},[52,156452,156453],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156454,47040],{"class":608},[412,156456,156458,156460],{"id":156457},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156459,11284],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156462,44553,156463,156465],{},[15,156464,11284],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156467,44584],{},[43,156469,156471],{"className":45,"code":156470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156472,156473,156481,156501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156474,156475,156477,156479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156476,11284],{"class":80},[52,156478,13400],{"class":62},[52,156480,2706],{"class":608},[52,156482,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156484,3739],{"class":58},[52,156486,63],{"class":62},[52,156488,1370],{"class":84},[52,156490,3106],{"class":608},[52,156492,318],{"class":84},[52,156494,3111],{"class":608},[52,156496,318],{"class":84},[52,156498,609],{"class":608},[52,156500,329],{"class":84},[52,156502,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156504,81],{"class":80},[52,156506,85],{"class":84},[52,156508,11284],{"class":80},[52,156510,85],{"class":84},[52,156512,3771],{"class":88},[52,156514,108],{"class":84},[20,156516,39779,156517,156519],{},[15,156518,11284],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156521,156522],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[43,156524,156526],{"className":45,"code":156525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156527,156528,156537,156557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156529,156530,156533,156535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156531,156532],{"class":58},"length_value ",[52,156534,63],{"class":62},[52,156536,2706],{"class":608},[52,156538,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156540,3739],{"class":58},[52,156542,63],{"class":62},[52,156544,1370],{"class":84},[52,156546,3106],{"class":608},[52,156548,318],{"class":84},[52,156550,3111],{"class":608},[52,156552,318],{"class":84},[52,156554,609],{"class":608},[52,156556,329],{"class":84},[52,156558,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156560,81],{"class":80},[52,156562,85],{"class":84},[52,156564,11284],{"class":80},[52,156566,85],{"class":84},[52,156568,3771],{"class":88},[52,156570,108],{"class":84},[20,156572,156573],{},[3865,156574,135],{},[43,156576,156577],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156578,156579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156580,156581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156582,46740],{"class":608},[38,156584,156586],{"id":156585},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156588,156589,156591],{},[15,156590,42486],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[412,156593,156595],{"id":156594},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[43,156597,156599],{"className":45,"code":156598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156600,156601,156609,156613,156631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156602,156603,156605,156607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156604,7903],{"class":58},[52,156606,63],{"class":62},[52,156608,149265],{"class":84},[52,156610,156611],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156612,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,156614,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156616,733],{"class":761},[52,156618,38512],{"class":80},[52,156620,85],{"class":84},[52,156622,7934],{"class":88},[52,156624,3784],{"class":84},[52,156626,6531],{"class":62},[52,156628,683],{"class":608},[52,156630,804],{"class":84},[52,156632,156633,156635,156637,156639,156642,156644],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,156634,784],{"class":80},[52,156636,85],{"class":84},[52,156638,100],{"class":66},[52,156640,156641],{"class":70},"The tuple is empty",[52,156643,100],{"class":66},[52,156645,329],{"class":84},[20,156647,156648],{},[3865,156649,135],{},[43,156651,156653],{"className":45,"code":156652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156654,156655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156656,156657,156659,156661,156663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156658,2095],{"class":58},[52,156660,49077],{"class":1929},[52,156662,8220],{"class":62},[52,156664,8226],{"class":58},[412,156666,156668],{"id":156667},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[43,156670,156672],{"className":45,"code":156671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156673,156674,156690,156694,156712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156677,51508],{"class":58},[52,156679,63],{"class":62},[52,156681,1370],{"class":84},[52,156683,2623],{"class":608},[52,156685,318],{"class":84},[52,156687,6117],{"class":608},[52,156689,329],{"class":84},[52,156691,156692],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156693,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156697,733],{"class":761},[52,156699,38512],{"class":80},[52,156701,85],{"class":84},[52,156703,51533],{"class":88},[52,156705,3784],{"class":84},[52,156707,6531],{"class":62},[52,156709,3111],{"class":608},[52,156711,804],{"class":84},[52,156713,156714,156716,156718,156720,156723,156725],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,156715,784],{"class":80},[52,156717,85],{"class":84},[52,156719,100],{"class":66},[52,156721,156722],{"class":70},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[52,156724,100],{"class":66},[52,156726,329],{"class":84},[20,156728,156729],{},[3865,156730,135],{},[43,156732,156734],{"className":45,"code":156733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156735,156736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156737,156738,156741,156743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156739,156740],{"class":58},"This looks like an x",[52,156742,318],{"class":84},[52,156744,156745],{"class":58}," y coordinate\n",[412,156747,156749],{"id":156748},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[43,156751,156753],{"className":45,"code":156752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156754,156755,156784,156788,156806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156756,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156780,156782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156758,11610],{"class":58},[52,156760,63],{"class":62},[52,156762,1370],{"class":84},[52,156764,100],{"class":66},[52,156766,13003],{"class":70},[52,156768,100],{"class":66},[52,156770,318],{"class":84},[52,156772,9426],{"class":608},[52,156774,318],{"class":84},[52,156776,67],{"class":66},[52,156778,156779],{"class":70},"Canada",[52,156781,100],{"class":66},[52,156783,329],{"class":84},[52,156785,156786],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156787,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,156789,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156791,733],{"class":761},[52,156793,38512],{"class":80},[52,156795,85],{"class":84},[52,156797,11704],{"class":88},[52,156799,3784],{"class":84},[52,156801,6531],{"class":62},[52,156803,609],{"class":608},[52,156805,804],{"class":84},[52,156807,156808,156810,156812,156814,156817,156819],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,156809,784],{"class":80},[52,156811,85],{"class":84},[52,156813,100],{"class":66},[52,156815,156816],{"class":70},"User record has the expected number of values",[52,156818,100],{"class":66},[52,156820,329],{"class":84},[20,156822,156823],{},[3865,156824,135],{},[43,156826,156828],{"className":45,"code":156827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156829,156830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156831,156832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156833,156827],{"class":58},[412,156835,156837],{"id":156836},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[43,156839,156841],{"className":45,"code":156840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156842,156843,156875,156879,156899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156844,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156846,36215],{"class":58},[52,156848,63],{"class":62},[52,156850,1370],{"class":84},[52,156852,100],{"class":66},[52,156854,289],{"class":70},[52,156856,100],{"class":66},[52,156858,318],{"class":84},[52,156860,67],{"class":66},[52,156862,4883],{"class":70},[52,156864,100],{"class":66},[52,156866,318],{"class":84},[52,156868,67],{"class":66},[52,156870,9860],{"class":70},[52,156872,100],{"class":66},[52,156874,329],{"class":84},[52,156876,156877],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156878,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156882,6081],{"class":761},[52,156884,69668],{"class":58},[52,156886,1638],{"class":761},[52,156888,54192],{"class":80},[52,156890,85],{"class":84},[52,156892,11284],{"class":80},[52,156894,85],{"class":84},[52,156896,36268],{"class":88},[52,156898,69683],{"class":84},[52,156900,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,156902,784],{"class":80},[52,156904,85],{"class":84},[52,156906,36279],{"class":88},[52,156908,318],{"class":84},[52,156910,70216],{"class":88},[52,156912,4021],{"class":84},[52,156914,36279],{"class":88},[52,156916,4009],{"class":84},[20,156918,156919],{},[3865,156920,135],{},[43,156922,156923],{"className":45,"code":36291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156924,156925,156931,156937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156926,156927,156929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156928,2235],{"class":608},[52,156930,36300],{"class":58},[52,156932,156933,156935],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,156934,3106],{"class":608},[52,156936,36307],{"class":58},[52,156938,156939,156941],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,156940,2172],{"class":608},[52,156942,36314],{"class":58},[20,156944,156945,156946,156948,156949,92],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[289,156947,149596],{"href":149595},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[289,156950,150840],{"href":150839},[38,156952,1445],{"id":1444},[20,156954,156955],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[176,156957,156958,156966,156973,156978],{},[179,156959,156960,156961,11214,156964],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156962,156963],{},"(5)",[15,156965,149430],{},[179,156967,1828,156968,156970,156971],{},[15,156969,11284],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156972,42486],{},[179,156974,1725,156975,156977],{},[15,156976,42486],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[179,156979,156980],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156982,32208],{},[43,156984,156986],{"className":45,"code":156985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156987,156988,156998,157012,157026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156989,156990,156992,156994,156996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156991,81],{"class":80},[52,156993,85],{"class":84},[52,156995,147941],{"class":88},[52,156997,329],{"class":84},[52,156999,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157001,81],{"class":80},[52,157003,85],{"class":84},[52,157005,1930],{"class":1929},[52,157007,85],{"class":84},[52,157009,147941],{"class":88},[52,157011,108],{"class":84},[52,157013,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157015,81],{"class":80},[52,157017,85],{"class":84},[52,157019,11284],{"class":80},[52,157021,85],{"class":84},[52,157023,147941],{"class":88},[52,157025,108],{"class":84},[52,157027,157028,157030,157032,157034],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,157029,32278],{"class":80},[52,157031,85],{"class":84},[52,157033,11284],{"class":80},[52,157035,329],{"class":84},[20,157037,155150],{},[176,157039,157040,157043,157046,157050],{},[179,157041,157042],{},"what value you are using",[179,157044,157045],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[179,157047,26145,157048,11828],{},[15,157049,42486],{},[179,157051,123490,157052,157054],{},[15,157053,42486],{}," is documented in Python",[38,157056,1940],{"id":1939},[412,157058,157060],{"id":157059},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157062,154,157063,157066],{},[15,157064,157065],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[412,157068,1944,157070,149100],{"id":157069},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157071,42486],{},[20,157073,46488,157074,157076],{},[15,157075,42486],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[412,157078,157080],{"id":157079},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157082,157083,157084,92],{},"The length is ",[15,157085,2235],{},[412,157087,157089],{"id":157088},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157091,150786,157092,157094],{},[15,157093,150789],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[412,157096,1944,157098,157100],{"id":157097},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157099,42486],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157102,157103],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[38,157105,2005],{"id":2004},[176,157107,157108,157114,157118,157122,157126],{},[179,157109,157110],{},[289,157111,3696,157112,3629],{"href":42483},[15,157113,42486],{},[179,157115,157116],{},[289,157117,156015],{"href":147926},[179,157119,157120],{},[289,157121,149596],{"href":149595},[179,157123,157124],{},[289,157125,150840],{"href":150839},[179,157127,157128],{},[289,157129,157130],{"href":149226},"What is a tuple in Python",[2035,157132,157133],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":157135},[157136,157137,157138,157145,157151,157160,157166,157167,157176],{"id":15286,"depth":77,"text":15287},{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":155503,"depth":77,"text":157139,"children":157140},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157141,157142,157143,157144],{"id":155515,"depth":111,"text":155516},{"id":155582,"depth":111,"text":155583},{"id":155627,"depth":111,"text":155628},{"id":155676,"depth":111,"text":155677},{"id":155765,"depth":77,"text":155766,"children":157146},[157147,157148,157149,157150],{"id":155769,"depth":111,"text":155770},{"id":155844,"depth":111,"text":155583},{"id":155886,"depth":111,"text":155887},{"id":156020,"depth":111,"text":156021},{"id":156104,"depth":77,"text":156105,"children":157152},[157153,157155,157157,157158],{"id":156108,"depth":111,"text":157154},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156246,"depth":111,"text":157156},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156322,"depth":111,"text":156323},{"id":156457,"depth":111,"text":157159},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156585,"depth":77,"text":156586,"children":157161},[157162,157163,157164,157165],{"id":156594,"depth":111,"text":156595},{"id":156667,"depth":111,"text":156668},{"id":156748,"depth":111,"text":156749},{"id":156836,"depth":111,"text":156837},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":157168},[157169,157170,157172,157173,157174],{"id":157059,"depth":111,"text":157060},{"id":157069,"depth":111,"text":157171},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157079,"depth":111,"text":157080},{"id":157088,"depth":111,"text":157089},{"id":157097,"depth":111,"text":157175},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155287,"description":157177},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157184,"title":157185,"body":157186,"description":159571,"extension":2078,"meta":159572,"navigation":221,"path":159573,"seo":159574,"stem":159575,"__hash__":159576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157187,"toc":159532},[157188,157191,157194,157197,157220,157226,157228,157339,157343,157346,157356,157358,157457,157459,157536,157542,157546,157549,157572,157575,157592,157595,157597,157660,157662,157679,157690,157695,157697,157700,157706,157757,157759,157779,157783,157834,157836,157857,157861,157916,157918,157939,157943,157998,158000,158021,158025,158078,158080,158109,158111,158113,158116,158120,158177,158179,158200,158204,158257,158259,158284,158289,158293,158298,158316,158319,158382,158384,158405,158408,158469,158471,158492,158495,158538,158541,158545,158550,158554,158633,158635,158666,158670,158745,158747,158774,158778,158825,158827,158835,158840,158844,158847,158862,158864,158952,158954,158979,158982,159025,159034,159036,159039,159054,159057,159061,159115,159117,159137,159142,159146,159148,159186,159189,159239,159243,159316,159318,159355,159358,159360,159363,159383,159386,159455,159457,159470,159472,159476,159479,159483,159486,159491,159494,159500,159505,159507,159529],[10,157189,157185],{"id":157190},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157192,157193],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157195,157196],{},"Use this format:",[43,157198,157200],{"className":45,"code":157199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157201,157202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157203,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157205,49077],{"class":58},[52,157207,4021],{"class":84},[52,157209,341],{"class":58},[52,157211,174],{"class":84},[52,157213,75546],{"class":58},[52,157215,174],{"class":84},[52,157217,75549],{"class":58},[52,157219,3757],{"class":84},[20,157221,2095,157222,75582,157224,92],{},[15,157223,75546],{},[3865,157225,65190],{},[38,157227,41],{"id":40},[43,157229,157231],{"className":45,"code":157230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157232,157233,157261,157265,157286,157303,157320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157234,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157236,3739],{"class":58},[52,157238,63],{"class":62},[52,157240,1370],{"class":84},[52,157242,2448],{"class":608},[52,157244,318],{"class":84},[52,157246,7914],{"class":608},[52,157248,318],{"class":84},[52,157250,7919],{"class":608},[52,157252,318],{"class":84},[52,157254,50967],{"class":608},[52,157256,318],{"class":84},[52,157258,5204],{"class":608},[52,157260,329],{"class":84},[52,157262,157263],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157264,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157266,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157268,81],{"class":80},[52,157270,85],{"class":84},[52,157272,3771],{"class":88},[52,157274,4021],{"class":84},[52,157276,3106],{"class":608},[52,157278,174],{"class":84},[52,157280,2623],{"class":608},[52,157282,20572],{"class":84},[52,157284,157285],{"class":1479},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157287,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,157289,81],{"class":80},[52,157291,85],{"class":84},[52,157293,3771],{"class":88},[52,157295,75655],{"class":84},[52,157297,627],{"class":608},[52,157299,20572],{"class":84},[52,157301,157302],{"class":1479},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[52,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,157306,81],{"class":80},[52,157308,85],{"class":84},[52,157310,3771],{"class":88},[52,157312,74242],{"class":84},[52,157314,2172],{"class":608},[52,157316,20572],{"class":84},[52,157318,157319],{"class":1479},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[52,157321,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,157323,81],{"class":80},[52,157325,85],{"class":84},[52,157327,3771],{"class":88},[52,157329,74242],{"class":84},[52,157331,2137],{"class":62},[52,157333,3106],{"class":608},[52,157335,20572],{"class":84},[52,157337,157338],{"class":1479},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[38,157340,157342],{"id":157341},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157344,157345],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[176,157347,157348,157350,157353],{},[179,157349,75849],{},[179,157351,157352],{},"The result is a new tuple",[179,157354,157355],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157357,197],{},[43,157359,157361],{"className":45,"code":157360,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157362,157363,157411,157415,157433,157437,157447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157364,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157366,36215],{"class":58},[52,157368,63],{"class":62},[52,157370,1370],{"class":84},[52,157372,100],{"class":66},[52,157374,289],{"class":70},[52,157376,100],{"class":66},[52,157378,318],{"class":84},[52,157380,67],{"class":66},[52,157382,4883],{"class":70},[52,157384,100],{"class":66},[52,157386,318],{"class":84},[52,157388,67],{"class":66},[52,157390,9860],{"class":70},[52,157392,100],{"class":66},[52,157394,318],{"class":84},[52,157396,67],{"class":66},[52,157398,18893],{"class":70},[52,157400,100],{"class":66},[52,157402,318],{"class":84},[52,157404,67],{"class":66},[52,157406,60570],{"class":70},[52,157408,100],{"class":66},[52,157410,329],{"class":84},[52,157412,157413],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157414,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157418,75779],{"class":58},[52,157420,63],{"class":62},[52,157422,70216],{"class":58},[52,157424,4021],{"class":84},[52,157426,3106],{"class":608},[52,157428,174],{"class":84},[52,157430,2623],{"class":608},[52,157432,3757],{"class":84},[52,157434,157435],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,157436,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157438,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,157440,81],{"class":80},[52,157442,85],{"class":84},[52,157444,75802],{"class":88},[52,157446,329],{"class":84},[52,157448,157449,157451,157453,157455],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,157450,81],{"class":80},[52,157452,85],{"class":84},[52,157454,36268],{"class":88},[52,157456,329],{"class":84},[20,157458,135],{},[43,157460,157462],{"className":45,"code":157461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157463,157464,157492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157465,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157467,85],{"class":84},[52,157469,1888],{"class":66},[52,157471,4883],{"class":70},[52,157473,1888],{"class":66},[52,157475,318],{"class":84},[52,157477,3416],{"class":66},[52,157479,9860],{"class":70},[52,157481,1888],{"class":66},[52,157483,318],{"class":84},[52,157485,3416],{"class":66},[52,157487,18893],{"class":70},[52,157489,1888],{"class":66},[52,157491,329],{"class":84},[52,157493,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157495,85],{"class":84},[52,157497,1888],{"class":66},[52,157499,289],{"class":70},[52,157501,1888],{"class":66},[52,157503,318],{"class":84},[52,157505,3416],{"class":66},[52,157507,4883],{"class":70},[52,157509,1888],{"class":66},[52,157511,318],{"class":84},[52,157513,3416],{"class":66},[52,157515,9860],{"class":70},[52,157517,1888],{"class":66},[52,157519,318],{"class":84},[52,157521,3416],{"class":66},[52,157523,18893],{"class":70},[52,157525,1888],{"class":66},[52,157527,318],{"class":84},[52,157529,3416],{"class":66},[52,157531,60570],{"class":70},[52,157533,1888],{"class":66},[52,157535,329],{"class":84},[20,157537,157538,157539,92],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[289,157540,147923],{"href":157541},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[38,157543,157545],{"id":157544},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157547,157548],{},"The full syntax is:",[43,157550,157552],{"className":45,"code":157551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157553,157554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157555,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157557,147941],{"class":58},[52,157559,4021],{"class":84},[52,157561,341],{"class":58},[52,157563,174],{"class":84},[52,157565,75546],{"class":58},[52,157567,174],{"class":84},[52,157569,75549],{"class":58},[52,157571,3757],{"class":84},[20,157573,157574],{},"Each part has a job:",[176,157576,157577,157582,157587],{},[179,157578,157579,157581],{},[15,157580,341],{},": where slicing begins",[179,157583,157584,157586],{},[15,157585,75546],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[179,157588,157589,157591],{},[15,157590,75549],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157593,157594],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157596,197],{},[43,157598,157600],{"className":45,"code":157599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157601,157602,157634,157638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157603,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157605,3739],{"class":58},[52,157607,63],{"class":62},[52,157609,1370],{"class":84},[52,157611,2448],{"class":608},[52,157613,318],{"class":84},[52,157615,7914],{"class":608},[52,157617,318],{"class":84},[52,157619,7919],{"class":608},[52,157621,318],{"class":84},[52,157623,50967],{"class":608},[52,157625,318],{"class":84},[52,157627,5204],{"class":608},[52,157629,318],{"class":84},[52,157631,76220],{"class":608},[52,157633,329],{"class":84},[52,157635,157636],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157637,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157639,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157641,81],{"class":80},[52,157643,85],{"class":84},[52,157645,3771],{"class":88},[52,157647,4021],{"class":84},[52,157649,3106],{"class":608},[52,157651,174],{"class":84},[52,157653,2252],{"class":608},[52,157655,174],{"class":84},[52,157657,2172],{"class":608},[52,157659,4009],{"class":84},[20,157661,135],{},[43,157663,157665],{"className":45,"code":157664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157666,157667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157668,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157670,85],{"class":84},[52,157672,15879],{"class":608},[52,157674,318],{"class":84},[52,157676,50967],{"class":608},[52,157678,329],{"class":84},[20,157680,157681,157682,157684,157685,157687,157688,92],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157683,3106],{},", stops before index ",[15,157686,2252],{},", and moves by ",[15,157689,2172],{},[20,157691,157692,157693,92],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[289,157694,149596],{"href":153022},[38,157696,76136],{"id":76135},[20,157698,157699],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[412,157701,157703,157704,6089],{"id":157702},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157705,76150],{},[43,157707,157709],{"className":45,"code":157708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157710,157711,157739,157743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157712,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157714,3739],{"class":58},[52,157716,63],{"class":62},[52,157718,1370],{"class":84},[52,157720,2448],{"class":608},[52,157722,318],{"class":84},[52,157724,7914],{"class":608},[52,157726,318],{"class":84},[52,157728,7919],{"class":608},[52,157730,318],{"class":84},[52,157732,50967],{"class":608},[52,157734,318],{"class":84},[52,157736,5204],{"class":608},[52,157738,329],{"class":84},[52,157740,157741],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157742,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157744,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157746,81],{"class":80},[52,157748,85],{"class":84},[52,157750,3771],{"class":88},[52,157752,75655],{"class":84},[52,157754,627],{"class":608},[52,157756,4009],{"class":84},[20,157758,135],{},[43,157760,157761],{"className":45,"code":151288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,157762,157763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157764,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157766,85],{"class":84},[52,157768,2448],{"class":608},[52,157770,318],{"class":84},[52,157772,7914],{"class":608},[52,157774,318],{"class":84},[52,157776,7919],{"class":608},[52,157778,329],{"class":84},[412,157780,157782],{"id":157781},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[43,157784,157786],{"className":45,"code":157785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157787,157788,157816,157820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157789,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157791,3739],{"class":58},[52,157793,63],{"class":62},[52,157795,1370],{"class":84},[52,157797,2448],{"class":608},[52,157799,318],{"class":84},[52,157801,7914],{"class":608},[52,157803,318],{"class":84},[52,157805,7919],{"class":608},[52,157807,318],{"class":84},[52,157809,50967],{"class":608},[52,157811,318],{"class":84},[52,157813,5204],{"class":608},[52,157815,329],{"class":84},[52,157817,157818],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157819,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157821,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157823,81],{"class":80},[52,157825,85],{"class":84},[52,157827,3771],{"class":88},[52,157829,4021],{"class":84},[52,157831,2172],{"class":608},[52,157833,77836],{"class":84},[20,157835,135],{},[43,157837,157839],{"className":45,"code":157838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157840,157841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157842,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157844,85],{"class":84},[52,157846,36967],{"class":608},[52,157848,318],{"class":84},[52,157850,50967],{"class":608},[52,157852,318],{"class":84},[52,157854,5204],{"class":608},[52,157856,329],{"class":84},[412,157858,157860],{"id":157859},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[43,157862,157864],{"className":45,"code":157863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157865,157866,157894,157898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157867,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157869,3739],{"class":58},[52,157871,63],{"class":62},[52,157873,1370],{"class":84},[52,157875,2448],{"class":608},[52,157877,318],{"class":84},[52,157879,7914],{"class":608},[52,157881,318],{"class":84},[52,157883,7919],{"class":608},[52,157885,318],{"class":84},[52,157887,50967],{"class":608},[52,157889,318],{"class":84},[52,157891,5204],{"class":608},[52,157893,329],{"class":84},[52,157895,157896],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157897,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157899,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157901,81],{"class":80},[52,157903,85],{"class":84},[52,157905,3771],{"class":88},[52,157907,4021],{"class":84},[52,157909,3106],{"class":608},[52,157911,174],{"class":84},[52,157913,2623],{"class":608},[52,157915,4009],{"class":84},[20,157917,135],{},[43,157919,157921],{"className":45,"code":157920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157922,157923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157924,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157926,85],{"class":84},[52,157928,15879],{"class":608},[52,157930,318],{"class":84},[52,157932,7919],{"class":608},[52,157934,318],{"class":84},[52,157936,50967],{"class":608},[52,157938,329],{"class":84},[412,157940,157942],{"id":157941},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[43,157944,157946],{"className":45,"code":157945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157947,157948,157980,157984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157949,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157951,3739],{"class":58},[52,157953,63],{"class":62},[52,157955,1370],{"class":84},[52,157957,2448],{"class":608},[52,157959,318],{"class":84},[52,157961,7914],{"class":608},[52,157963,318],{"class":84},[52,157965,7919],{"class":608},[52,157967,318],{"class":84},[52,157969,50967],{"class":608},[52,157971,318],{"class":84},[52,157973,5204],{"class":608},[52,157975,318],{"class":84},[52,157977,76220],{"class":608},[52,157979,329],{"class":84},[52,157981,157982],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,157983,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,157985,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,157987,81],{"class":80},[52,157989,85],{"class":84},[52,157991,3771],{"class":88},[52,157993,74242],{"class":84},[52,157995,2172],{"class":608},[52,157997,4009],{"class":84},[20,157999,135],{},[43,158001,158003],{"className":45,"code":158002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158004,158005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158006,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158008,85],{"class":84},[52,158010,2448],{"class":608},[52,158012,318],{"class":84},[52,158014,7919],{"class":608},[52,158016,318],{"class":84},[52,158018,5204],{"class":608},[52,158020,329],{"class":84},[412,158022,158024],{"id":158023},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[43,158026,158028],{"className":45,"code":158027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158029,158030,158058,158062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158031,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158033,3739],{"class":58},[52,158035,63],{"class":62},[52,158037,1370],{"class":84},[52,158039,2448],{"class":608},[52,158041,318],{"class":84},[52,158043,7914],{"class":608},[52,158045,318],{"class":84},[52,158047,7919],{"class":608},[52,158049,318],{"class":84},[52,158051,50967],{"class":608},[52,158053,318],{"class":84},[52,158055,5204],{"class":608},[52,158057,329],{"class":84},[52,158059,158060],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158061,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158063,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158065,81],{"class":80},[52,158067,85],{"class":84},[52,158069,3771],{"class":88},[52,158071,74242],{"class":84},[52,158073,2137],{"class":62},[52,158075,3106],{"class":608},[52,158077,4009],{"class":84},[20,158079,135],{},[43,158081,158083],{"className":45,"code":158082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158084,158085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158086,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158088,85],{"class":84},[52,158090,76914],{"class":608},[52,158092,318],{"class":84},[52,158094,50967],{"class":608},[52,158096,318],{"class":84},[52,158098,7919],{"class":608},[52,158100,318],{"class":84},[52,158102,7914],{"class":608},[52,158104,318],{"class":84},[52,158106,688],{"class":608},[52,158108,329],{"class":84},[38,158110,76430],{"id":76429},[20,158112,154295],{},[20,158114,158115],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[412,158117,158119],{"id":158118},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[43,158121,158123],{"className":45,"code":158122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158124,158125,158157,158161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158126,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158128,3739],{"class":58},[52,158130,63],{"class":62},[52,158132,1370],{"class":84},[52,158134,2448],{"class":608},[52,158136,318],{"class":84},[52,158138,7914],{"class":608},[52,158140,318],{"class":84},[52,158142,7919],{"class":608},[52,158144,318],{"class":84},[52,158146,50967],{"class":608},[52,158148,318],{"class":84},[52,158150,5204],{"class":608},[52,158152,318],{"class":84},[52,158154,76220],{"class":608},[52,158156,329],{"class":84},[52,158158,158159],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158160,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158162,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158164,81],{"class":80},[52,158166,85],{"class":84},[52,158168,3771],{"class":88},[52,158170,4021],{"class":84},[52,158172,2137],{"class":62},[52,158174,627],{"class":608},[52,158176,77836],{"class":84},[20,158178,135],{},[43,158180,158182],{"className":45,"code":158181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158183,158184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158185,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158187,85],{"class":84},[52,158189,56815],{"class":608},[52,158191,318],{"class":84},[52,158193,5204],{"class":608},[52,158195,318],{"class":84},[52,158197,76220],{"class":608},[52,158199,329],{"class":84},[412,158201,158203],{"id":158202},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[43,158205,158207],{"className":45,"code":158206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158208,158209,158237,158241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158212,3739],{"class":58},[52,158214,63],{"class":62},[52,158216,1370],{"class":84},[52,158218,2448],{"class":608},[52,158220,318],{"class":84},[52,158222,7914],{"class":608},[52,158224,318],{"class":84},[52,158226,7919],{"class":608},[52,158228,318],{"class":84},[52,158230,50967],{"class":608},[52,158232,318],{"class":84},[52,158234,5204],{"class":608},[52,158236,329],{"class":84},[52,158238,158239],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158240,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158242,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158244,81],{"class":80},[52,158246,85],{"class":84},[52,158248,3771],{"class":88},[52,158250,75655],{"class":84},[52,158252,2137],{"class":62},[52,158254,3106],{"class":608},[52,158256,4009],{"class":84},[20,158258,135],{},[43,158260,158262],{"className":45,"code":158261,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158263,158264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158265,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158267,85],{"class":84},[52,158269,2448],{"class":608},[52,158271,318],{"class":84},[52,158273,7914],{"class":608},[52,158275,318],{"class":84},[52,158277,7919],{"class":608},[52,158279,318],{"class":84},[52,158281,50967],{"class":608},[52,158283,329],{"class":84},[20,158285,158286,158287,92],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[289,158288,150845],{"href":157179},[38,158290,158292],{"id":158291},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158294,2095,158295,158297],{},[15,158296,75549],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[176,158299,158300,158302,158304,158310],{},[179,158301,76686],{},[179,158303,76689],{},[179,158305,158306,158309],{},[15,158307,158308],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[179,158311,158312,158313,158315],{},"A step of ",[15,158314,2235],{}," is not allowed",[20,158317,158318],{},"Example with a positive step:",[43,158320,158322],{"className":45,"code":158321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158323,158324,158356,158360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158325,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158327,3739],{"class":58},[52,158329,63],{"class":62},[52,158331,1370],{"class":84},[52,158333,2448],{"class":608},[52,158335,318],{"class":84},[52,158337,7914],{"class":608},[52,158339,318],{"class":84},[52,158341,7919],{"class":608},[52,158343,318],{"class":84},[52,158345,50967],{"class":608},[52,158347,318],{"class":84},[52,158349,5204],{"class":608},[52,158351,318],{"class":84},[52,158353,76220],{"class":608},[52,158355,329],{"class":84},[52,158357,158358],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158359,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158361,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158363,81],{"class":80},[52,158365,85],{"class":84},[52,158367,3771],{"class":88},[52,158369,4021],{"class":84},[52,158371,3106],{"class":608},[52,158373,174],{"class":84},[52,158375,80714],{"class":608},[52,158377,174],{"class":84},[52,158379,2172],{"class":608},[52,158381,4009],{"class":84},[20,158383,135],{},[43,158385,158387],{"className":45,"code":158386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158388,158389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158390,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158392,85],{"class":84},[52,158394,15879],{"class":608},[52,158396,318],{"class":84},[52,158398,50967],{"class":608},[52,158400,318],{"class":84},[52,158402,76220],{"class":608},[52,158404,329],{"class":84},[20,158406,158407],{},"Example with a negative step:",[43,158409,158411],{"className":45,"code":158410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158412,158413,158441,158445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158416,3739],{"class":58},[52,158418,63],{"class":62},[52,158420,1370],{"class":84},[52,158422,2448],{"class":608},[52,158424,318],{"class":84},[52,158426,7914],{"class":608},[52,158428,318],{"class":84},[52,158430,7919],{"class":608},[52,158432,318],{"class":84},[52,158434,50967],{"class":608},[52,158436,318],{"class":84},[52,158438,5204],{"class":608},[52,158440,329],{"class":84},[52,158442,158443],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158444,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158446,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158448,81],{"class":80},[52,158450,85],{"class":84},[52,158452,3771],{"class":88},[52,158454,4021],{"class":84},[52,158456,2623],{"class":608},[52,158458,174],{"class":84},[52,158460,3106],{"class":608},[52,158462,174],{"class":84},[52,158464,2137],{"class":62},[52,158466,3106],{"class":608},[52,158468,4009],{"class":84},[20,158470,135],{},[43,158472,158474],{"className":45,"code":158473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158475,158476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158477,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158479,85],{"class":84},[52,158481,76914],{"class":608},[52,158483,318],{"class":84},[52,158485,50967],{"class":608},[52,158487,318],{"class":84},[52,158489,7919],{"class":608},[52,158491,329],{"class":84},[20,158493,158494],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[43,158496,158498],{"className":45,"code":158497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158499,158500,158520,158524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158501,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158503,3739],{"class":58},[52,158505,63],{"class":62},[52,158507,1370],{"class":84},[52,158509,2448],{"class":608},[52,158511,318],{"class":84},[52,158513,7914],{"class":608},[52,158515,318],{"class":84},[52,158517,7919],{"class":608},[52,158519,329],{"class":84},[52,158521,158522],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158523,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158525,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158527,81],{"class":80},[52,158529,85],{"class":84},[52,158531,3771],{"class":88},[52,158533,74242],{"class":84},[52,158535,2235],{"class":608},[52,158537,4009],{"class":84},[20,158539,158540],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[38,158542,158544],{"id":158543},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158546,158547,158548,33868],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3865,158549,49077],{},[412,158551,158553],{"id":158552},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[43,158555,158557],{"className":45,"code":158556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158558,158559,158583,158587,158605,158609,158619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158560,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158562,3739],{"class":58},[52,158564,63],{"class":62},[52,158566,1370],{"class":84},[52,158568,2448],{"class":608},[52,158570,318],{"class":84},[52,158572,7914],{"class":608},[52,158574,318],{"class":84},[52,158576,7919],{"class":608},[52,158578,318],{"class":84},[52,158580,50967],{"class":608},[52,158582,329],{"class":84},[52,158584,158585],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158586,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158588,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158590,2346],{"class":58},[52,158592,63],{"class":62},[52,158594,4384],{"class":58},[52,158596,4021],{"class":84},[52,158598,3106],{"class":608},[52,158600,174],{"class":84},[52,158602,627],{"class":608},[52,158604,3757],{"class":84},[52,158606,158607],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,158608,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158610,158611,158613,158615,158617],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,158612,81],{"class":80},[52,158614,85],{"class":84},[52,158616,2381],{"class":88},[52,158618,329],{"class":84},[52,158620,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,158622,81],{"class":80},[52,158624,85],{"class":84},[52,158626,1930],{"class":1929},[52,158628,85],{"class":84},[52,158630,2381],{"class":88},[52,158632,108],{"class":84},[20,158634,135],{},[43,158636,158638],{"className":45,"code":158637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158639,158640,158652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158641,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158643,85],{"class":84},[52,158645,15879],{"class":608},[52,158647,318],{"class":84},[52,158649,7919],{"class":608},[52,158651,329],{"class":84},[52,158653,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158655,3410],{"class":62},[52,158657,3413],{"class":2180},[52,158659,3416],{"class":66},[52,158661,49077],{"class":70},[52,158663,1888],{"class":66},[52,158665,3423],{"class":62},[412,158667,158669],{"id":158668},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[43,158671,158673],{"className":45,"code":158672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158674,158675,158695,158699,158717,158721,158731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158676,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158678,3739],{"class":58},[52,158680,63],{"class":62},[52,158682,1370],{"class":84},[52,158684,2448],{"class":608},[52,158686,318],{"class":84},[52,158688,7914],{"class":608},[52,158690,318],{"class":84},[52,158692,7919],{"class":608},[52,158694,329],{"class":84},[52,158696,158697],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158698,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158700,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158702,2346],{"class":58},[52,158704,63],{"class":62},[52,158706,4384],{"class":58},[52,158708,4021],{"class":84},[52,158710,3106],{"class":608},[52,158712,174],{"class":84},[52,158714,2172],{"class":608},[52,158716,3757],{"class":84},[52,158718,158719],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,158720,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158722,158723,158725,158727,158729],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,158724,81],{"class":80},[52,158726,85],{"class":84},[52,158728,2381],{"class":88},[52,158730,329],{"class":84},[52,158732,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,158734,81],{"class":80},[52,158736,85],{"class":84},[52,158738,1930],{"class":1929},[52,158740,85],{"class":84},[52,158742,2381],{"class":88},[52,158744,108],{"class":84},[20,158746,135],{},[43,158748,158750],{"className":45,"code":158749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158751,158752,158760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158753,158754,158756,158758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158755,85],{"class":84},[52,158757,15879],{"class":608},[52,158759,149279],{"class":84},[52,158761,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158763,3410],{"class":62},[52,158765,3413],{"class":2180},[52,158767,3416],{"class":66},[52,158769,49077],{"class":70},[52,158771,1888],{"class":66},[52,158773,3423],{"class":62},[412,158775,158777],{"id":158776},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[43,158779,158781],{"className":45,"code":158780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158782,158783,158803,158807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158784,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158786,3739],{"class":58},[52,158788,63],{"class":62},[52,158790,1370],{"class":84},[52,158792,2448],{"class":608},[52,158794,318],{"class":84},[52,158796,7914],{"class":608},[52,158798,318],{"class":84},[52,158800,7919],{"class":608},[52,158802,329],{"class":84},[52,158804,158805],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158806,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158810,81],{"class":80},[52,158812,85],{"class":84},[52,158814,3771],{"class":88},[52,158816,4021],{"class":84},[52,158818,2252],{"class":608},[52,158820,174],{"class":84},[52,158822,2463],{"class":608},[52,158824,4009],{"class":84},[20,158826,135],{},[43,158828,158829],{"className":45,"code":8763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158830,158831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158832,158833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158834,8763],{"class":84},[20,158836,158837,158838,92],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[289,158839,156015],{"href":150902},[38,158841,158843],{"id":158842},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158845,158846],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[176,158848,158849,158851,158854,158859],{},[179,158850,76995],{},[179,158852,158853],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[179,158855,158856,158857],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158858,70851],{},[179,158860,158861],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158863,197],{},[43,158865,158867],{"className":45,"code":158866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158868,158869,158889,158893,158910,158931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158870,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158872,3739],{"class":58},[52,158874,63],{"class":62},[52,158876,1370],{"class":84},[52,158878,2448],{"class":608},[52,158880,318],{"class":84},[52,158882,7914],{"class":608},[52,158884,318],{"class":84},[52,158886,7919],{"class":608},[52,158888,329],{"class":84},[52,158890,158891],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158892,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,158894,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158896,81],{"class":80},[52,158898,85],{"class":84},[52,158900,3771],{"class":88},[52,158902,4021],{"class":84},[52,158904,3106],{"class":608},[52,158906,20572],{"class":84},[52,158908,158909],{"class":1479},"    # one item\n",[52,158911,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,158913,81],{"class":80},[52,158915,85],{"class":84},[52,158917,3771],{"class":88},[52,158919,4021],{"class":84},[52,158921,3106],{"class":608},[52,158923,174],{"class":84},[52,158925,2252],{"class":608},[52,158927,20572],{"class":84},[52,158929,158930],{"class":1479},"  # slice\n",[52,158932,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,158934,81],{"class":80},[52,158936,85],{"class":84},[52,158938,3771],{"class":88},[52,158940,4021],{"class":84},[52,158942,2252],{"class":608},[52,158944,174],{"class":84},[52,158946,2463],{"class":608},[52,158948,20572],{"class":84},[52,158950,158951],{"class":1479},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158953,135],{},[43,158955,158957],{"className":45,"code":158956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158958,158959,158963,158975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158960,158961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158962,71344],{"class":608},[52,158964,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,158966,85],{"class":84},[52,158968,15879],{"class":608},[52,158970,318],{"class":84},[52,158972,7919],{"class":608},[52,158974,329],{"class":84},[52,158976,158977],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,158978,8763],{"class":84},[20,158980,158981],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[43,158983,158985],{"className":45,"code":158984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158986,158987,159007,159011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158988,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158990,3739],{"class":58},[52,158992,63],{"class":62},[52,158994,1370],{"class":84},[52,158996,2448],{"class":608},[52,158998,318],{"class":84},[52,159000,7914],{"class":608},[52,159002,318],{"class":84},[52,159004,7919],{"class":608},[52,159006,329],{"class":84},[52,159008,159009],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159010,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159014,81],{"class":80},[52,159016,85],{"class":84},[52,159018,3771],{"class":88},[52,159020,4021],{"class":84},[52,159022,2252],{"class":608},[52,159024,4009],{"class":84},[20,159026,159027,159028,159030,159031,92],{},"This raises an ",[15,159029,70851],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[289,159032,154768],{"href":159033},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[38,159035,15301],{"id":77262},[20,159037,159038],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[176,159040,159041,159044,159046,159049],{},[179,159042,159043],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[179,159045,60814],{},[179,159047,159048],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[179,159050,159051,159052],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159053,2235],{},[20,159055,159056],{},"Here are a few examples.",[412,159058,159060],{"id":159059},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[43,159062,159063],{"className":45,"code":157863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159064,159065,159093,159097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159066,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159068,3739],{"class":58},[52,159070,63],{"class":62},[52,159072,1370],{"class":84},[52,159074,2448],{"class":608},[52,159076,318],{"class":84},[52,159078,7914],{"class":608},[52,159080,318],{"class":84},[52,159082,7919],{"class":608},[52,159084,318],{"class":84},[52,159086,50967],{"class":608},[52,159088,318],{"class":84},[52,159090,5204],{"class":608},[52,159092,329],{"class":84},[52,159094,159095],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159096,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159098,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159100,81],{"class":80},[52,159102,85],{"class":84},[52,159104,3771],{"class":88},[52,159106,4021],{"class":84},[52,159108,3106],{"class":608},[52,159110,174],{"class":84},[52,159112,2623],{"class":608},[52,159114,4009],{"class":84},[20,159116,135],{},[43,159118,159119],{"className":45,"code":157920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159120,159121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159122,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159124,85],{"class":84},[52,159126,15879],{"class":608},[52,159128,318],{"class":84},[52,159130,7919],{"class":608},[52,159132,318],{"class":84},[52,159134,50967],{"class":608},[52,159136,329],{"class":84},[20,159138,132347,159139,159141],{},[15,159140,2623],{}," is not included.",[412,159143,159145],{"id":159144},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159147,1457],{},[43,159149,159151],{"className":45,"code":159150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159152,159153,159177,159181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159154,159155,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159156,3739],{"class":58},[52,159158,63],{"class":62},[52,159160,1370],{"class":84},[52,159162,2448],{"class":608},[52,159164,318],{"class":84},[52,159166,7914],{"class":608},[52,159168,318],{"class":84},[52,159170,7919],{"class":608},[52,159172,318],{"class":84},[52,159174,50967],{"class":608},[52,159176,329],{"class":84},[52,159178,159179],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159180,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159182,159183],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159184,159185],{"class":1479},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159187,159188],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[43,159190,159191],{"className":45,"code":154848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159192,159193,159217,159221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159194,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159196,3739],{"class":58},[52,159198,63],{"class":62},[52,159200,1370],{"class":84},[52,159202,2448],{"class":608},[52,159204,318],{"class":84},[52,159206,7914],{"class":608},[52,159208,318],{"class":84},[52,159210,7919],{"class":608},[52,159212,318],{"class":84},[52,159214,50967],{"class":608},[52,159216,329],{"class":84},[52,159218,159219],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159220,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159222,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159224,81],{"class":80},[52,159226,85],{"class":84},[52,159228,3771],{"class":88},[52,159230,4021],{"class":84},[52,159232,3106],{"class":608},[52,159234,174],{"class":84},[52,159236,627],{"class":608},[52,159238,4009],{"class":84},[412,159240,159242],{"id":159241},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[43,159244,159246],{"className":45,"code":159245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159247,159248,159272,159276,159291,159295,159306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159249,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159251,3739],{"class":58},[52,159253,63],{"class":62},[52,159255,1370],{"class":84},[52,159257,2448],{"class":608},[52,159259,318],{"class":84},[52,159261,7914],{"class":608},[52,159263,318],{"class":84},[52,159265,7919],{"class":608},[52,159267,318],{"class":84},[52,159269,50967],{"class":608},[52,159271,329],{"class":84},[52,159273,159274],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159275,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159277,159278,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159279,159280],{"class":58},"slice_result ",[52,159282,63],{"class":62},[52,159284,4384],{"class":58},[52,159286,75655],{"class":84},[52,159288,2172],{"class":608},[52,159290,3757],{"class":84},[52,159292,159293],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,159294,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159296,159297,159299,159301,159304],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,159298,81],{"class":80},[52,159300,85],{"class":84},[52,159302,159303],{"class":88},"slice_result",[52,159305,329],{"class":84},[52,159307,159308,159310,159312,159314],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,159309,81],{"class":80},[52,159311,85],{"class":84},[52,159313,3771],{"class":88},[52,159315,329],{"class":84},[20,159317,135],{},[43,159319,159321],{"className":45,"code":159320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159322,159323,159335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159324,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159326,85],{"class":84},[52,159328,2448],{"class":608},[52,159330,318],{"class":84},[52,159332,7914],{"class":608},[52,159334,329],{"class":84},[52,159336,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159338,85],{"class":84},[52,159340,2448],{"class":608},[52,159342,318],{"class":84},[52,159344,7914],{"class":608},[52,159346,318],{"class":84},[52,159348,7919],{"class":608},[52,159350,318],{"class":84},[52,159352,50967],{"class":608},[52,159354,329],{"class":84},[20,159356,159357],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[38,159359,113840],{"id":113839},[20,159361,159362],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[176,159364,159365,159368,159371,159377,159380],{},[179,159366,159367],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[179,159369,159370],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[179,159372,159373,159374],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159375,159376],{},"tuple[::0]",[179,159378,159379],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[179,159381,159382],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159384,159385],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[43,159387,159389],{"className":45,"code":159388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159390,159391,159401,159419,159441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159392,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159394,81],{"class":80},[52,159396,85],{"class":84},[52,159398,147941],{"class":88},[52,159400,329],{"class":84},[52,159402,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159404,81],{"class":80},[52,159406,85],{"class":84},[52,159408,147941],{"class":88},[52,159410,4021],{"class":84},[52,159412,3106],{"class":608},[52,159414,174],{"class":84},[52,159416,2623],{"class":608},[52,159418,4009],{"class":84},[52,159420,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159422,81],{"class":80},[52,159424,85],{"class":84},[52,159426,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159428,85],{"class":84},[52,159430,147941],{"class":88},[52,159432,4021],{"class":84},[52,159434,3106],{"class":608},[52,159436,174],{"class":84},[52,159438,2623],{"class":608},[52,159440,3118],{"class":84},[52,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,159444,81],{"class":80},[52,159446,85],{"class":84},[52,159448,11284],{"class":80},[52,159450,85],{"class":84},[52,159452,147941],{"class":88},[52,159454,108],{"class":84},[20,159456,11293],{},[176,159458,159459,159461,159464,159467],{},[179,159460,155155],{},[179,159462,159463],{},"what the slice actually returns",[179,159465,159466],{},"that the result is a tuple",[179,159468,159469],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[38,159471,1940],{"id":1939},[412,159473,159475],{"id":159474},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159477,159478],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[412,159480,159482],{"id":159481},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159484,159485],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[412,159487,5266,159489,40086],{"id":159488},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159490,158308],{},[20,159492,159493],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[412,159495,159497,159498,1993],{"id":159496},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159499,70851],{},[20,159501,159502,159503,92],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159504,70851],{},[38,159506,2005],{"id":2004},[176,159508,159509,159513,159517,159521,159525],{},[179,159510,159511],{},[289,159512,156015],{"href":150902},[179,159514,159515],{},[289,159516,149596],{"href":153022},[179,159518,159519],{},[289,159520,150845],{"href":157179},[179,159522,159523],{},[289,159524,147923],{"href":157541},[179,159526,159527],{},[289,159528,154768],{"href":159033},[2035,159530,159531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":159533},[159534,159535,159536,159537,159545,159549,159550,159555,159556,159561,159562,159570],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":157341,"depth":77,"text":157342},{"id":157544,"depth":77,"text":157545},{"id":76135,"depth":77,"text":76136,"children":159538},[159539,159541,159542,159543,159544],{"id":157702,"depth":111,"text":159540},"Get the first n items",{"id":157781,"depth":111,"text":157782},{"id":157859,"depth":111,"text":157860},{"id":157941,"depth":111,"text":157942},{"id":158023,"depth":111,"text":158024},{"id":76429,"depth":77,"text":76430,"children":159546},[159547,159548],{"id":158118,"depth":111,"text":158119},{"id":158202,"depth":111,"text":158203},{"id":158291,"depth":77,"text":158292},{"id":158543,"depth":77,"text":158544,"children":159551},[159552,159553,159554],{"id":158552,"depth":111,"text":158553},{"id":158668,"depth":111,"text":158669},{"id":158776,"depth":111,"text":158777},{"id":158842,"depth":77,"text":158843},{"id":77262,"depth":77,"text":15301,"children":159557},[159558,159559,159560],{"id":159059,"depth":111,"text":159060},{"id":159144,"depth":111,"text":159145},{"id":159241,"depth":111,"text":159242},{"id":113839,"depth":77,"text":113840},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":159563},[159564,159565,159566,159568],{"id":159474,"depth":111,"text":159475},{"id":159481,"depth":111,"text":159482},{"id":159488,"depth":111,"text":159567},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159496,"depth":111,"text":159569},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157185,"description":159571},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159578,"title":159579,"body":159580,"description":161403,"extension":2078,"meta":161404,"navigation":221,"path":34933,"seo":161405,"stem":161406,"__hash__":161407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159581,"toc":161369},[159582,159587,159592,159596,159614,159617,159632,159638,159640,159697,159699,159731,159743,159749,159754,159757,159792,159798,159800,159803,159817,159820,159822,159845,159847,159865,159868,159884,159886,159889,160002,160004,160093,160096,160101,160107,160110,160113,160212,160214,160273,160278,160281,160350,160354,160386,160402,160407,160414,160421,160433,160435,160484,160486,160509,160515,160563,160568,160575,160583,160589,160592,160616,160619,160621,160697,160699,160724,160730,160733,160738,160742,160756,160758,160821,160823,160855,160858,160874,160876,160882,160889,160891,160910,160912,160930,160937,160942,160949,160951,160988,160991,160998,161002,161005,161063,161066,161069,161124,161126,161138,161144,161146,161150,161183,161190,161192,161255,161258,161260,161265,161279,161286,161294,161303,161312,161318,161324,161326,161366],[10,159583,3696,159585,3700],{"id":159584},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159586,2419],{},[20,159588,32443,159589,159591],{},[15,159590,2419],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159593,62888,159594,104685],{},[15,159595,2419],{},[176,159597,159598,159601,159604,159607],{},[179,159599,159600],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[179,159602,159603],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[179,159605,159606],{},"debug confusing code",[179,159608,159609,159610],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[289,159611,159612],{"href":8343},[15,159613,3075],{},[20,159615,159616],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[43,159618,159620],{"className":45,"code":159619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(object)\n",[15,159621,159622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159623,159624,159626,159628,159630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159625,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159627,85],{"class":84},[52,159629,42524],{"class":1929},[52,159631,329],{"class":84},[20,159633,159634,159635,159637],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159636,2419],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[38,159639,3729],{"id":3728},[43,159641,159643],{"className":45,"code":159642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159644,159645,159657,159671,159675,159683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159646,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159648,441],{"class":58},[52,159650,63],{"class":62},[52,159652,67],{"class":66},[52,159654,5127],{"class":70},[52,159656,74],{"class":66},[52,159658,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159660,81],{"class":80},[52,159662,85],{"class":84},[52,159664,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159666,85],{"class":84},[52,159668,459],{"class":88},[52,159670,108],{"class":84},[52,159672,159673],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159674,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,159676,159677,159679,159681],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,159678,2333],{"class":58},[52,159680,63],{"class":62},[52,159682,2706],{"class":608},[52,159684,159685,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,159686,81],{"class":80},[52,159688,85],{"class":84},[52,159690,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159692,85],{"class":84},[52,159694,2356],{"class":88},[52,159696,108],{"class":84},[20,159698,135],{},[43,159700,159701],{"className":45,"code":125172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159702,159703,159717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159704,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159706,3410],{"class":62},[52,159708,3413],{"class":2180},[52,159710,3416],{"class":66},[52,159712,3563],{"class":70},[52,159714,1888],{"class":66},[52,159716,3423],{"class":62},[52,159718,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159720,3410],{"class":62},[52,159722,3413],{"class":2180},[52,159724,3416],{"class":66},[52,159726,2304],{"class":70},[52,159728,1888],{"class":66},[52,159730,3423],{"class":62},[20,159732,154,159733,159736,159737,342,159740,92],{},[15,159734,159735],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159738,159739],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159741,159742],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[38,159744,13119,159746,159748],{"id":159745},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159747,2419],{}," function does",[20,159750,159751,159753],{},[15,159752,2419],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159755,159756],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[176,159758,159759,159764,159769,159774,159779,159784],{},[179,159760,159761,159763],{},[15,159762,3563],{}," for text",[179,159765,159766,159768],{},[15,159767,2304],{}," for whole numbers",[179,159770,159771,159773],{},[15,159772,2308],{}," for decimal numbers",[179,159775,159776,159778],{},[15,159777,8217],{}," for lists",[179,159780,159781,159783],{},[15,159782,8941],{}," for dictionaries",[179,159785,159786,69215,159788,342,159790],{},[15,159787,3989],{},[15,159789,31],{},[15,159791,35],{},[20,159793,159794,159795,159797],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159796,2419],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[38,159799,296],{"id":295},[20,159801,159802],{},"The main beginner form is:",[43,159804,159805],{"className":45,"code":159619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159806,159807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159808,159809,159811,159813,159815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159810,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159812,85],{"class":84},[52,159814,42524],{"class":1929},[52,159816,329],{"class":84},[20,159818,159819],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159821,197],{},[43,159823,159825],{"className":45,"code":159824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159826,159827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159828,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159830,81],{"class":80},[52,159832,85],{"class":84},[52,159834,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159836,85],{"class":84},[52,159838,100],{"class":66},[52,159840,266],{"class":70},[52,159842,100],{"class":66},[52,159844,108],{"class":84},[20,159846,135],{},[43,159848,159849],{"className":45,"code":45893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159850,159851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159852,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159854,3410],{"class":62},[52,159856,3413],{"class":2180},[52,159858,3416],{"class":66},[52,159860,3563],{"class":70},[52,159862,1888],{"class":66},[52,159864,3423],{"class":62},[20,159866,159867],{},"You can pass either:",[176,159869,159870,159877],{},[179,159871,159872,159873,32,159875],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159874,64656],{},[15,159876,46649],{},[179,159878,159879,159880,32,159882],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159881,459],{},[15,159883,9419],{},[38,159885,121999],{"id":121998},[20,159887,159888],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[43,159890,159892],{"className":45,"code":159891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159893,159894,159912,159926,159940,159962,159988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159895,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159897,81],{"class":80},[52,159899,85],{"class":84},[52,159901,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159903,85],{"class":84},[52,159905,100],{"class":66},[52,159907,266],{"class":70},[52,159909,100],{"class":66},[52,159911,108],{"class":84},[52,159913,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,159915,81],{"class":80},[52,159917,85],{"class":84},[52,159919,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159921,85],{"class":84},[52,159923,2448],{"class":608},[52,159925,108],{"class":84},[52,159927,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,159929,81],{"class":80},[52,159931,85],{"class":84},[52,159933,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159935,85],{"class":84},[52,159937,40269],{"class":608},[52,159939,108],{"class":84},[52,159941,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,159943,81],{"class":80},[52,159945,85],{"class":84},[52,159947,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159949,3103],{"class":84},[52,159951,3106],{"class":608},[52,159953,318],{"class":84},[52,159955,3111],{"class":608},[52,159957,318],{"class":84},[52,159959,609],{"class":608},[52,159961,3118],{"class":84},[52,159963,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,159965,81],{"class":80},[52,159967,85],{"class":84},[52,159969,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159971,5652],{"class":84},[52,159973,100],{"class":66},[52,159975,459],{"class":70},[52,159977,100],{"class":66},[52,159979,174],{"class":84},[52,159981,67],{"class":66},[52,159983,5127],{"class":70},[52,159985,100],{"class":66},[52,159987,5661],{"class":84},[52,159989,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,159991,81],{"class":80},[52,159993,85],{"class":84},[52,159995,1930],{"class":1929},[52,159997,85],{"class":84},[52,159999,31],{"class":145},[52,160001,108],{"class":84},[20,160003,135],{},[43,160005,160007],{"className":45,"code":160006,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160008,160009,160023,160037,160051,160065,160079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160010,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160012,3410],{"class":62},[52,160014,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160016,3416],{"class":66},[52,160018,3563],{"class":70},[52,160020,1888],{"class":66},[52,160022,3423],{"class":62},[52,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160026,3410],{"class":62},[52,160028,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160030,3416],{"class":66},[52,160032,2304],{"class":70},[52,160034,1888],{"class":66},[52,160036,3423],{"class":62},[52,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160040,3410],{"class":62},[52,160042,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160044,3416],{"class":66},[52,160046,2308],{"class":70},[52,160048,1888],{"class":66},[52,160050,3423],{"class":62},[52,160052,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160054,3410],{"class":62},[52,160056,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160058,3416],{"class":66},[52,160060,8217],{"class":70},[52,160062,1888],{"class":66},[52,160064,3423],{"class":62},[52,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,160068,3410],{"class":62},[52,160070,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160072,3416],{"class":66},[52,160074,8941],{"class":70},[52,160076,1888],{"class":66},[52,160078,3423],{"class":62},[52,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,160082,3410],{"class":62},[52,160084,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160086,3416],{"class":66},[52,160088,3989],{"class":70},[52,160090,1888],{"class":66},[52,160092,3423],{"class":62},[20,160094,160095],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160097,160098,160099,92],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[289,160100,44920],{"href":49102},[38,160102,1828,160104,160106],{"id":160103},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160105,2419],{}," with variables",[20,160108,160109],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160111,160112],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[43,160114,160116],{"className":45,"code":160115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160117,160118,160126,160144,160148,160160,160178,160182,160194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160119,160120,160122,160124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160121,2565],{"class":58},[52,160123,63],{"class":62},[52,160125,2706],{"class":608},[52,160127,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160129,81],{"class":80},[52,160131,85],{"class":84},[52,160133,2591],{"class":88},[52,160135,318],{"class":84},[52,160137,49514],{"class":1929},[52,160139,85],{"class":84},[52,160141,2591],{"class":88},[52,160143,108],{"class":84},[52,160145,160146],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160147,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160151,2565],{"class":58},[52,160153,63],{"class":62},[52,160155,67],{"class":66},[52,160157,46030],{"class":70},[52,160159,74],{"class":66},[52,160161,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,160163,81],{"class":80},[52,160165,85],{"class":84},[52,160167,2591],{"class":88},[52,160169,318],{"class":84},[52,160171,49514],{"class":1929},[52,160173,85],{"class":84},[52,160175,2591],{"class":88},[52,160177,108],{"class":84},[52,160179,160180],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,160181,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160183,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,160185,2565],{"class":58},[52,160187,63],{"class":62},[52,160189,3744],{"class":84},[52,160191,2448],{"class":608},[52,160193,3757],{"class":84},[52,160195,160196,160198,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210],{"class":54,"line":6549},[52,160197,81],{"class":80},[52,160199,85],{"class":84},[52,160201,2591],{"class":88},[52,160203,318],{"class":84},[52,160205,49514],{"class":1929},[52,160207,85],{"class":84},[52,160209,2591],{"class":88},[52,160211,108],{"class":84},[20,160213,135],{},[43,160215,160217],{"className":45,"code":160216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160218,160219,160236,160253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160220,160221,160223,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160222,2448],{"class":608},[52,160224,160225],{"class":62}," \u003C",[52,160227,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160229,3416],{"class":66},[52,160231,2304],{"class":70},[52,160233,1888],{"class":66},[52,160235,3423],{"class":62},[52,160237,160238,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160239,160240],{"class":58},"ten ",[52,160242,3410],{"class":62},[52,160244,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160246,3416],{"class":66},[52,160248,3563],{"class":70},[52,160250,1888],{"class":66},[52,160252,3423],{"class":62},[52,160254,160255,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269,160271],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160256,4021],{"class":84},[52,160258,2448],{"class":608},[52,160260,13397],{"class":84},[52,160262,160225],{"class":62},[52,160264,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160266,3416],{"class":66},[52,160268,8217],{"class":70},[52,160270,1888],{"class":66},[52,160272,3423],{"class":62},[20,160274,160275,160277],{},[15,160276,2419],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160279,160280],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[43,160282,160284],{"className":45,"code":160283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160285,160286,160304,160318,160322,160336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160289,3511],{"class":58},[52,160291,63],{"class":62},[52,160293,8366],{"class":80},[52,160295,85],{"class":84},[52,160297,100],{"class":66},[52,160299,41996],{"class":70},[52,160301,100],{"class":66},[52,160303,329],{"class":84},[52,160305,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160307,81],{"class":80},[52,160309,85],{"class":84},[52,160311,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160313,85],{"class":84},[52,160315,3537],{"class":88},[52,160317,108],{"class":84},[52,160319,160320],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160321,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160323,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332,160334],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160325,123110],{"class":58},[52,160327,63],{"class":62},[52,160329,45399],{"class":1929},[52,160331,85],{"class":84},[52,160333,3537],{"class":88},[52,160335,329],{"class":84},[52,160337,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346,160348],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,160339,81],{"class":80},[52,160341,85],{"class":84},[52,160343,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160345,85],{"class":84},[52,160347,123133],{"class":88},[52,160349,108],{"class":84},[20,160351,41247,160352,41251],{},[15,160353,9314],{},[43,160355,160356],{"className":45,"code":125172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160357,160358,160372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160359,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160361,3410],{"class":62},[52,160363,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160365,3416],{"class":66},[52,160367,3563],{"class":70},[52,160369,1888],{"class":66},[52,160371,3423],{"class":62},[52,160373,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382,160384],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160375,3410],{"class":62},[52,160377,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160379,3416],{"class":66},[52,160381,2304],{"class":70},[52,160383,1888],{"class":66},[52,160385,3423],{"class":62},[20,160387,45826,160388,160392,160393,32,160397,160401],{},[289,160389,160390],{"href":8343},[15,160391,3075],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[289,160394,160395],{"href":2993},[15,160396,2996],{},[289,160398,160399],{"href":2999},[15,160400,3002],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160403,160404,160405,92],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[289,160406,9101],{"href":9100},[38,160408,160410,10707,160412],{"id":160409},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160411,2419],{},[15,160413,44928],{},[20,160415,160416,342,160418,160420],{},[15,160417,2419],{},[15,160419,44928],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[176,160422,160423,160428],{},[179,160424,160425,160427],{},[15,160426,2419],{}," tells you the exact type",[179,160429,160430,160432],{},[15,160431,44928],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160434,197],{},[43,160436,160438],{"className":45,"code":160437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160439,160440,160448,160452,160466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160441,160442,160444,160446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160443,2565],{"class":58},[52,160445,63],{"class":62},[52,160447,34967],{"class":608},[52,160449,160450],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160451,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160453,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160455,81],{"class":80},[52,160457,85],{"class":84},[52,160459,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160461,85],{"class":84},[52,160463,2591],{"class":88},[52,160465,108],{"class":84},[52,160467,160468,160470,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160469,81],{"class":80},[52,160471,85],{"class":84},[52,160473,48999],{"class":80},[52,160475,85],{"class":84},[52,160477,2591],{"class":88},[52,160479,318],{"class":84},[52,160481,45399],{"class":1929},[52,160483,108],{"class":84},[20,160485,135],{},[43,160487,160489],{"className":45,"code":160488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160490,160491,160505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160492,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501,160503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160494,3410],{"class":62},[52,160496,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160498,3416],{"class":66},[52,160500,2304],{"class":70},[52,160502,1888],{"class":66},[52,160504,3423],{"class":62},[52,160506,160507],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160508,146],{"class":145},[20,160510,160511,160512,160514],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160513,44928],{}," is more practical.",[43,160516,160518],{"className":45,"code":160517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160519,160520,160528,160532,160548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160521,160522,160524,160526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160523,2565],{"class":58},[52,160525,63],{"class":62},[52,160527,34967],{"class":608},[52,160529,160530],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160531,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160533,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544,160546],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160535,733],{"class":761},[52,160537,49737],{"class":80},[52,160539,85],{"class":84},[52,160541,2591],{"class":88},[52,160543,318],{"class":84},[52,160545,45399],{"class":1929},[52,160547,779],{"class":84},[52,160549,160550,160552,160554,160556,160559,160561],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160551,784],{"class":80},[52,160553,85],{"class":84},[52,160555,100],{"class":66},[52,160557,160558],{"class":70},"This is an integer",[52,160560,100],{"class":66},[52,160562,329],{"class":84},[20,160564,154,160565,160567],{},[15,160566,2419],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160569,154,160570,160572,160573,734],{},[15,160571,44928],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160574,733],{},[20,160576,160577,160578,92],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[289,160579,3696,160581,3629],{"href":160580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160582,44928],{},[38,160584,160586,160587],{"id":160585},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160588,2419],{},[20,160590,160591],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[43,160593,160595],{"className":45,"code":160594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160596,160597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160598,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607,160610,160612,160614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160600,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160602,85],{"class":84},[52,160604,459],{"class":88},[52,160606,318],{"class":84},[52,160608,160609],{"class":88}," bases",[52,160611,318],{"class":84},[52,160613,9291],{"class":1929},[52,160615,329],{"class":84},[20,160617,160618],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160620,197],{},[43,160622,160624],{"className":45,"code":160623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160625,160626,160669,160673,160683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160627,160628,160631,160633,160635,160637,160639,160642,160644,160646,160649,160651,160653,160656,160658,160660,160662,160665,160667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160629,160630],{"class":58},"Person ",[52,160632,63],{"class":62},[52,160634,49514],{"class":1929},[52,160636,85],{"class":84},[52,160638,100],{"class":66},[52,160640,160641],{"class":70},"Person",[52,160643,100],{"class":66},[52,160645,318],{"class":84},[52,160647,160648],{"class":84}," (),",[52,160650,10612],{"class":84},[52,160652,100],{"class":66},[52,160654,160655],{"class":70},"species",[52,160657,100],{"class":66},[52,160659,174],{"class":84},[52,160661,67],{"class":66},[52,160663,160664],{"class":70},"human",[52,160666,100],{"class":66},[52,160668,30622],{"class":84},[52,160670,160671],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160672,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160674,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160676,81],{"class":80},[52,160678,85],{"class":84},[52,160680,160641],{"class":88},[52,160682,329],{"class":84},[52,160684,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160686,81],{"class":80},[52,160688,85],{"class":84},[52,160690,160641],{"class":88},[52,160692,92],{"class":84},[52,160694,160655],{"class":1803},[52,160696,329],{"class":84},[20,160698,135],{},[43,160700,160702],{"className":45,"code":160701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160703,160704,160719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160705,160706,160708,160710,160712,160715,160717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160707,3410],{"class":62},[52,160709,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160711,3416],{"class":66},[52,160713,160714],{"class":70},"__main__.Person",[52,160716,1888],{"class":66},[52,160718,3423],{"class":62},[52,160720,160721],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160722,160723],{"class":58},"human\n",[20,160725,160726,160727,160729],{},"Most beginners do ",[3865,160728,4752],{}," need this form.",[20,160731,160732],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[38,160734,5084,160736],{"id":160735},"when-to-use-type",[15,160737,2419],{},[20,160739,160740,12567],{},[15,160741,2419],{},[176,160743,160744,160747,160750,160753],{},[179,160745,160746],{},"debug unexpected values",[179,160748,160749],{},"check what a conversion produced",[179,160751,160752],{},"learn Python data types",[179,160754,160755],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160757,5595],{},[43,160759,160761],{"className":45,"code":160760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160762,160763,160775,160789,160793,160807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160764,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160766,207],{"class":58},[52,160768,63],{"class":62},[52,160770,67],{"class":66},[52,160772,50369],{"class":70},[52,160774,74],{"class":66},[52,160776,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160778,2333],{"class":58},[52,160780,63],{"class":62},[52,160782,45399],{"class":1929},[52,160784,85],{"class":84},[52,160786,231],{"class":88},[52,160788,329],{"class":84},[52,160790,160791],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,160792,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,160794,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,160796,81],{"class":80},[52,160798,85],{"class":84},[52,160800,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160802,85],{"class":84},[52,160804,231],{"class":88},[52,160806,108],{"class":84},[52,160808,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,160810,81],{"class":80},[52,160812,85],{"class":84},[52,160814,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160816,85],{"class":84},[52,160818,2356],{"class":88},[52,160820,108],{"class":84},[20,160822,135],{},[43,160824,160825],{"className":45,"code":125172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160826,160827,160841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160828,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837,160839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160830,3410],{"class":62},[52,160832,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160834,3416],{"class":66},[52,160836,3563],{"class":70},[52,160838,1888],{"class":66},[52,160840,3423],{"class":62},[52,160842,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160844,3410],{"class":62},[52,160846,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160848,3416],{"class":66},[52,160850,2304],{"class":70},[52,160852,1888],{"class":66},[52,160854,3423],{"class":62},[20,160856,160857],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160859,160860,160861,2305,160865,17198,160869,160873],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[289,160862,160863],{"href":42300},[15,160864,47807],{},[289,160866,160867],{"href":2993},[15,160868,2996],{},[289,160870,160871],{"href":2999},[15,160872,3002],{}," are often the next step.",[38,160875,25484],{"id":25483},[20,160877,160878,160879,160881],{},"A few things about ",[15,160880,2419],{}," often confuse beginners.",[412,160883,160885,160888],{"id":160884},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160886,160887],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160890,64765],{},[43,160892,160894],{"className":45,"code":160893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160895,160896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160897,160898,160900,160902,160904,160906,160908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160899,81],{"class":80},[52,160901,85],{"class":84},[52,160903,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160905,85],{"class":84},[52,160907,2252],{"class":608},[52,160909,108],{"class":84},[20,160911,123029],{},[43,160913,160914],{"className":45,"code":156363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160915,160916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160917,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160919,3410],{"class":62},[52,160921,3413],{"class":2180},[52,160923,3416],{"class":66},[52,160925,2304],{"class":70},[52,160927,1888],{"class":66},[52,160929,3423],{"class":62},[20,160931,41032,160932,160934,160935,92],{},[3865,160933,4752],{}," print just ",[15,160936,2304],{},[20,160938,6801,160939,160941],{},[15,160940,2419],{}," returns a class object.",[412,160943,160945,2515,160947],{"id":160944},"input-returns-str",[15,160946,3075],{},[15,160948,3563],{},[20,160950,79662],{},[43,160952,160954],{"className":45,"code":160953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160955,160956,160974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160959,2565],{"class":58},[52,160961,63],{"class":62},[52,160963,8366],{"class":80},[52,160965,85],{"class":84},[52,160967,100],{"class":66},[52,160969,46433],{"class":70},[52,160971,100],{"class":66},[52,160973,329],{"class":84},[52,160975,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,160977,81],{"class":80},[52,160979,85],{"class":84},[52,160981,1930],{"class":1929},[52,160983,85],{"class":84},[52,160985,2591],{"class":88},[52,160987,108],{"class":84},[20,160989,160990],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160992,160993,160994,32,160996,92],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160995,2996],{},[15,160997,3002],{},[412,160999,161001],{"id":161000},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161003,161004],{},"Avoid code like this:",[43,161006,161008],{"className":45,"code":161007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161009,161010,161018,161022,161048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161011,161012,161014,161016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161013,2565],{"class":58},[52,161015,63],{"class":62},[52,161017,34967],{"class":608},[52,161019,161020],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161021,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,161023,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161025,733],{"class":761},[52,161027,49028],{"class":1929},[52,161029,85],{"class":84},[52,161031,1930],{"class":1929},[52,161033,85],{"class":84},[52,161035,2591],{"class":88},[52,161037,5485],{"class":84},[52,161039,6531],{"class":62},[52,161041,67],{"class":66},[52,161043,159742],{"class":70},[52,161045,100],{"class":66},[52,161047,804],{"class":84},[52,161049,161050,161052,161054,161056,161059,161061],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,161051,784],{"class":80},[52,161053,85],{"class":84},[52,161055,100],{"class":66},[52,161057,161058],{"class":70},"It is an int",[52,161060,100],{"class":66},[52,161062,329],{"class":84},[20,161064,161065],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161067,161068],{},"Better options:",[43,161070,161072],{"className":45,"code":161071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161073,161074,161082,161086,161106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161075,161076,161078,161080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161077,2565],{"class":58},[52,161079,63],{"class":62},[52,161081,34967],{"class":608},[52,161083,161084],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161085,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,161087,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102,161104],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161089,81],{"class":80},[52,161091,85],{"class":84},[52,161093,1930],{"class":1929},[52,161095,85],{"class":84},[52,161097,2591],{"class":88},[52,161099,3784],{"class":84},[52,161101,6531],{"class":62},[52,161103,45399],{"class":1929},[52,161105,329],{"class":84},[52,161107,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,161109,81],{"class":80},[52,161111,85],{"class":84},[52,161113,48999],{"class":80},[52,161115,85],{"class":84},[52,161117,2591],{"class":88},[52,161119,318],{"class":84},[52,161121,45399],{"class":1929},[52,161123,108],{"class":84},[20,161125,135],{},[43,161127,161128],{"className":45,"code":4626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,161129,161130,161134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161131,161132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161133,146],{"class":145},[52,161135,161136],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161137,146],{"class":145},[20,161139,161140,161141,161143],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161142,44928],{}," is the more useful check.",[38,161145,1445],{"id":1444},[20,161147,14858,161148,174],{},[15,161149,2419],{},[176,161151,161152,161162,161171,161180],{},[179,161153,1828,161154,161156,161157,161161],{},[15,161155,2419],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[289,161158,161159],{"href":8343},[15,161160,3075],{}," always returns a string",[179,161163,1725,161164,161166,161167,11214,161169],{},[15,161165,2419],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161168,2304],{},[15,161170,159742],{},[179,161172,1828,161173,1831,161176,161179],{},[15,161174,161175],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161177,161178],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[179,161181,161182],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161184,161185,161186,92],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[289,161187,161189],{"href":161188},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161191,144517],{},[43,161193,161195],{"className":45,"code":161194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161196,161197,161211,161221,161235,161245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161198,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161200,81],{"class":80},[52,161202,85],{"class":84},[52,161204,1930],{"class":1929},[52,161206,85],{"class":84},[52,161208,2591],{"class":88},[52,161210,108],{"class":84},[52,161212,161213,161215,161217,161219],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161214,81],{"class":80},[52,161216,85],{"class":84},[52,161218,2591],{"class":88},[52,161220,329],{"class":84},[52,161222,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161224,81],{"class":80},[52,161226,85],{"class":84},[52,161228,1865],{"class":80},[52,161230,85],{"class":84},[52,161232,2591],{"class":88},[52,161234,108],{"class":84},[52,161236,161237,161239,161241,161243],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,161238,32278],{"class":80},[52,161240,85],{"class":84},[52,161242,1930],{"class":1929},[52,161244,329],{"class":84},[52,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,161248,34499],{"class":80},[52,161250,85],{"class":84},[52,161252,2591],{"class":88},[52,161254,329],{"class":84},[20,161256,161257],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[38,161259,1940],{"id":1939},[412,161261,5266,161263,5269],{"id":161262},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161264,2419],{},[20,161266,161267,161268,2305,161270,2305,161272,2309,161274,161276,161277,92],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161269,3563],{},[15,161271,2304],{},[15,161273,8217],{},[15,161275,8941],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161278,159739],{},[412,161280,1971,161282,57328,161284,1993],{"id":161281},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161283,2419],{},[15,161285,44928],{},[20,161287,46488,161288,161290,161291,161293],{},[15,161289,2419],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161292,44928],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[412,161295,5282,161297,161300,161301,1993],{"id":161296},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161298,161299],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161302,3563],{},[20,161304,29187,161305,161307,161308,32,161310,160401],{},[15,161306,3075],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161309,2996],{},[15,161311,3002],{},[412,161313,1958,161315,161317],{"id":161314},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161316,2419],{}," create classes?",[20,161319,161320,161321,92],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161322,161323],{},"type(object)",[38,161325,2005],{"id":2004},[176,161327,161328,161332,161338,161344,161348,161354,161360],{},[179,161329,161330],{},[289,161331,44920],{"href":49102},[179,161333,161334],{},[289,161335,3696,161336,3629],{"href":160580},[15,161337,44928],{},[179,161339,161340],{},[289,161341,3696,161342,3629],{"href":8343},[15,161343,3075],{},[179,161345,161346],{},[289,161347,9178],{"href":9100},[179,161349,161350],{},[289,161351,3696,161352,3629],{"href":2993},[15,161353,2996],{},[179,161355,161356],{},[289,161357,3696,161358,3629],{"href":2999},[15,161359,3002],{},[179,161361,161362],{},[289,161363,3696,161364,3629],{"href":42300},[15,161365,47807],{},[2035,161367,161368],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":161370},[161371,161372,161374,161375,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161391,161392,161402],{"id":3728,"depth":77,"text":3729},{"id":159745,"depth":77,"text":161373},"What the type() function does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":121998,"depth":77,"text":121999},{"id":160103,"depth":77,"text":161377},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160409,"depth":77,"text":161379},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160585,"depth":77,"text":161381},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160735,"depth":77,"text":161383},"When to use type()",{"id":25483,"depth":77,"text":25484,"children":161385},[161386,161388,161390],{"id":160884,"depth":111,"text":161387},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160944,"depth":111,"text":161389},"input() returns str",{"id":161000,"depth":111,"text":161001},{"id":1444,"depth":77,"text":1445},{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":161393},[161394,161396,161398,161400],{"id":161262,"depth":111,"text":161395},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161281,"depth":111,"text":161397},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161296,"depth":111,"text":161399},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161314,"depth":111,"text":161401},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159579,"description":161403},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161409,"title":161410,"body":161411,"description":163890,"extension":2078,"meta":163891,"navigation":221,"path":163892,"seo":163893,"stem":163894,"__hash__":163895},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161412,"toc":163847},[161413,161418,161423,161432,161434,161534,161536,161561,161566,161571,161587,161590,161592,161594,161619,161622,161625,161708,161710,161759,161762,161884,161886,161959,161963,161966,162080,162082,162108,162110,162131,162136,162140,162145,162148,162252,162254,162271,162280,162283,162370,162372,162383,162388,162394,162399,162405,162408,162501,162503,162552,162558,162561,162662,162664,162717,162722,162726,162729,162828,162830,162869,162872,162877,162879,162884,162888,163001,163005,163102,163106,163194,163196,163213,163217,163340,163346,163352,163358,163363,163366,163393,163397,163399,163493,163496,163500,163503,163590,163593,163628,163630,163667,163670,163678,163683,163688,163762,163769,163771,163776,163779,163785,163788,163794,163799,163805,163810,163814,163817,163819,163844],[10,161414,3696,161416,3700],{"id":161415},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161417,64441],{},[20,161419,161420,161422],{},[15,161421,64441],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161424,161425,161426,161428,161429,161431],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161427,64441],{}," inside a ",[15,161430,6081],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[38,161433,41],{"id":40},[43,161435,161437],{"className":45,"code":161436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161438,161439,161471,161491,161495,161520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161440,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161442,5118],{"class":58},[52,161444,63],{"class":62},[52,161446,3744],{"class":84},[52,161448,100],{"class":66},[52,161450,13003],{"class":70},[52,161452,100],{"class":66},[52,161454,318],{"class":84},[52,161456,67],{"class":66},[52,161458,36067],{"class":70},[52,161460,100],{"class":66},[52,161462,318],{"class":84},[52,161464,67],{"class":66},[52,161466,36076],{"class":70},[52,161468,100],{"class":66},[52,161470,3757],{"class":84},[52,161472,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161474,5187],{"class":58},[52,161476,63],{"class":62},[52,161478,3744],{"class":84},[52,161480,13626],{"class":608},[52,161482,318],{"class":84},[52,161484,13631],{"class":608},[52,161486,318],{"class":84},[52,161488,29046],{"class":608},[52,161490,3757],{"class":84},[52,161492,161493],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161494,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,161496,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,161498,6081],{"class":761},[52,161500,36118],{"class":58},[52,161502,318],{"class":84},[52,161504,5229],{"class":58},[52,161506,1638],{"class":761},[52,161508,161509],{"class":80}," zip",[52,161511,85],{"class":84},[52,161513,5162],{"class":88},[52,161515,318],{"class":84},[52,161517,5234],{"class":88},[52,161519,779],{"class":84},[52,161521,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,161523,784],{"class":80},[52,161525,85],{"class":84},[52,161527,459],{"class":88},[52,161529,318],{"class":84},[52,161531,130797],{"class":88},[52,161533,329],{"class":84},[20,161535,135],{},[43,161537,161539],{"className":45,"code":161538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161540,161541,161547,161554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161542,161543,161545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161544,133816],{"class":58},[52,161546,33262],{"class":608},[52,161548,161549,161552],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161550,161551],{"class":58},"Ben ",[52,161553,33267],{"class":608},[52,161555,161556,161559],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161557,161558],{"class":58},"Cara ",[52,161560,33272],{"class":608},[20,161562,154,161563,161565],{},[15,161564,64441],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[38,161567,166,161569,169],{"id":161568},"what-zip-does",[15,161570,64441],{},[176,161572,161573,161578,161581,161584],{},[179,161574,161575,161577],{},[15,161576,64441],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[179,161579,161580],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[179,161582,161583],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[179,161585,161586],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161588,161589],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[38,161591,296],{"id":295},[20,161593,7341],{},[43,161595,161597],{"className":45,"code":161596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161598,161599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161600,161601,161603,161605,161608,161610,161613,161615,161617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161602,64511],{"class":80},[52,161604,85],{"class":84},[52,161606,161607],{"class":88},"iterable1",[52,161609,318],{"class":84},[52,161611,161612],{"class":88}," iterable2",[52,161614,318],{"class":84},[52,161616,34580],{"class":80},[52,161618,329],{"class":84},[20,161620,161621],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161623,161624],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[43,161626,161628],{"className":45,"code":161627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161629,161630,161650,161682,161686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161631,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161633,3739],{"class":58},[52,161635,63],{"class":62},[52,161637,3744],{"class":84},[52,161639,3106],{"class":608},[52,161641,318],{"class":84},[52,161643,3111],{"class":608},[52,161645,318],{"class":84},[52,161647,609],{"class":608},[52,161649,3757],{"class":84},[52,161651,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161653,36215],{"class":58},[52,161655,63],{"class":62},[52,161657,3744],{"class":84},[52,161659,100],{"class":66},[52,161661,289],{"class":70},[52,161663,100],{"class":66},[52,161665,318],{"class":84},[52,161667,67],{"class":66},[52,161669,4883],{"class":70},[52,161671,100],{"class":66},[52,161673,318],{"class":84},[52,161675,67],{"class":66},[52,161677,9860],{"class":70},[52,161679,100],{"class":66},[52,161681,3757],{"class":84},[52,161683,161684],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161685,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,161689,81],{"class":80},[52,161691,85],{"class":84},[52,161693,8217],{"class":1929},[52,161695,85],{"class":84},[52,161697,64511],{"class":80},[52,161699,85],{"class":84},[52,161701,3771],{"class":88},[52,161703,318],{"class":84},[52,161705,70216],{"class":88},[52,161707,546],{"class":84},[20,161709,135],{},[43,161711,161713],{"className":45,"code":161712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161714,161715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161716,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161718,21866],{"class":84},[52,161720,3106],{"class":608},[52,161722,318],{"class":84},[52,161724,3416],{"class":66},[52,161726,289],{"class":70},[52,161728,1888],{"class":66},[52,161730,9354],{"class":84},[52,161732,1370],{"class":84},[52,161734,2172],{"class":608},[52,161736,318],{"class":84},[52,161738,3416],{"class":66},[52,161740,4883],{"class":70},[52,161742,1888],{"class":66},[52,161744,9354],{"class":84},[52,161746,1370],{"class":84},[52,161748,627],{"class":608},[52,161750,318],{"class":84},[52,161752,3416],{"class":66},[52,161754,9860],{"class":70},[52,161756,1888],{"class":66},[52,161758,9369],{"class":84},[20,161760,161761],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[43,161763,161765],{"className":45,"code":161764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161766,161767,161799,161819,161853,161857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161768,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161770,5118],{"class":58},[52,161772,63],{"class":62},[52,161774,3744],{"class":84},[52,161776,100],{"class":66},[52,161778,13003],{"class":70},[52,161780,100],{"class":66},[52,161782,318],{"class":84},[52,161784,67],{"class":66},[52,161786,36067],{"class":70},[52,161788,100],{"class":66},[52,161790,318],{"class":84},[52,161792,67],{"class":66},[52,161794,36076],{"class":70},[52,161796,100],{"class":66},[52,161798,3757],{"class":84},[52,161800,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,161802,5187],{"class":58},[52,161804,63],{"class":62},[52,161806,3744],{"class":84},[52,161808,13626],{"class":608},[52,161810,318],{"class":84},[52,161812,13631],{"class":608},[52,161814,318],{"class":84},[52,161816,29046],{"class":608},[52,161818,3757],{"class":84},[52,161820,161821,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161849,161851],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,161822,161823],{"class":58},"grades ",[52,161825,63],{"class":62},[52,161827,3744],{"class":84},[52,161829,100],{"class":66},[52,161831,22371],{"class":70},[52,161833,100],{"class":66},[52,161835,318],{"class":84},[52,161837,67],{"class":66},[52,161839,30726],{"class":70},[52,161841,100],{"class":66},[52,161843,318],{"class":84},[52,161845,67],{"class":66},[52,161847,161848],{"class":70},"B+",[52,161850,100],{"class":66},[52,161852,3757],{"class":84},[52,161854,161855],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,161856,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,161858,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161882],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,161860,81],{"class":80},[52,161862,85],{"class":84},[52,161864,8217],{"class":1929},[52,161866,85],{"class":84},[52,161868,64511],{"class":80},[52,161870,85],{"class":84},[52,161872,5162],{"class":88},[52,161874,318],{"class":84},[52,161876,5234],{"class":88},[52,161878,318],{"class":84},[52,161880,161881],{"class":88}," grades",[52,161883,546],{"class":84},[20,161885,135],{},[43,161887,161889],{"className":45,"code":161888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161890,161891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161892,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161894,21866],{"class":84},[52,161896,1888],{"class":66},[52,161898,13003],{"class":70},[52,161900,1888],{"class":66},[52,161902,318],{"class":84},[52,161904,20024],{"class":608},[52,161906,318],{"class":84},[52,161908,3416],{"class":66},[52,161910,22371],{"class":70},[52,161912,1888],{"class":66},[52,161914,9354],{"class":84},[52,161916,1370],{"class":84},[52,161918,1888],{"class":66},[52,161920,36067],{"class":70},[52,161922,1888],{"class":66},[52,161924,318],{"class":84},[52,161926,13631],{"class":608},[52,161928,318],{"class":84},[52,161930,3416],{"class":66},[52,161932,30726],{"class":70},[52,161934,1888],{"class":66},[52,161936,9354],{"class":84},[52,161938,1370],{"class":84},[52,161940,1888],{"class":66},[52,161942,36076],{"class":70},[52,161944,1888],{"class":66},[52,161946,318],{"class":84},[52,161948,29046],{"class":608},[52,161950,318],{"class":84},[52,161952,3416],{"class":66},[52,161954,161848],{"class":70},[52,161956,1888],{"class":66},[52,161958,9369],{"class":84},[38,161960,161962],{"id":161961},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161964,161965],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[43,161967,161969],{"className":45,"code":161968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161970,161971,162003,162023,162027,162051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161972,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161974,5118],{"class":58},[52,161976,63],{"class":62},[52,161978,3744],{"class":84},[52,161980,100],{"class":66},[52,161982,13003],{"class":70},[52,161984,100],{"class":66},[52,161986,318],{"class":84},[52,161988,67],{"class":66},[52,161990,36067],{"class":70},[52,161992,100],{"class":66},[52,161994,318],{"class":84},[52,161996,67],{"class":66},[52,161998,36076],{"class":70},[52,162000,100],{"class":66},[52,162002,3757],{"class":84},[52,162004,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162006,5187],{"class":58},[52,162008,63],{"class":62},[52,162010,3744],{"class":84},[52,162012,13626],{"class":608},[52,162014,318],{"class":84},[52,162016,13631],{"class":608},[52,162018,318],{"class":84},[52,162020,29046],{"class":608},[52,162022,3757],{"class":84},[52,162024,162025],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162026,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162028,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162030,6081],{"class":761},[52,162032,36118],{"class":58},[52,162034,318],{"class":84},[52,162036,5229],{"class":58},[52,162038,1638],{"class":761},[52,162040,161509],{"class":80},[52,162042,85],{"class":84},[52,162044,5162],{"class":88},[52,162046,318],{"class":84},[52,162048,5234],{"class":88},[52,162050,779],{"class":84},[52,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,162054,784],{"class":80},[52,162056,85],{"class":84},[52,162058,22420],{"class":2180},[52,162060,100],{"class":70},[52,162062,9398],{"class":608},[52,162064,459],{"class":88},[52,162066,22429],{"class":608},[52,162068,162069],{"class":70}," scored ",[52,162071,9398],{"class":608},[52,162073,85640],{"class":88},[52,162075,22429],{"class":608},[52,162077,100],{"class":70},[52,162079,329],{"class":84},[20,162081,135],{},[43,162083,162085],{"className":45,"code":162084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162086,162087,162094,162101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162088,162089,162092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162090,162091],{"class":58},"Ana scored ",[52,162093,33262],{"class":608},[52,162095,162096,162099],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162097,162098],{"class":58},"Ben scored ",[52,162100,33267],{"class":608},[52,162102,162103,162106],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162104,162105],{"class":58},"Cara scored ",[52,162107,33272],{"class":608},[20,162109,45053],{},[176,162111,162112,162121,162124],{},[179,162113,162114,162117,162118],{},[15,162115,162116],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162119,162120],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[179,162122,162123],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[179,162125,162126,342,162128,162130],{},[15,162127,459],{},[15,162129,85640],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162132,162133,162134,92],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[289,162135,69733],{"href":69732},[38,162137,162139],{"id":162138},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162141,162142,162144],{},[15,162143,64441],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162146,162147],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[43,162149,162151],{"className":45,"code":162150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162152,162153,162194,162210,162214,162238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162154,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162190,162192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162156,5118],{"class":58},[52,162158,63],{"class":62},[52,162160,3744],{"class":84},[52,162162,100],{"class":66},[52,162164,13003],{"class":70},[52,162166,100],{"class":66},[52,162168,318],{"class":84},[52,162170,67],{"class":66},[52,162172,36067],{"class":70},[52,162174,100],{"class":66},[52,162176,318],{"class":84},[52,162178,67],{"class":66},[52,162180,36076],{"class":70},[52,162182,100],{"class":66},[52,162184,318],{"class":84},[52,162186,67],{"class":66},[52,162188,162189],{"class":70},"Dan",[52,162191,100],{"class":66},[52,162193,3757],{"class":84},[52,162195,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162197,5187],{"class":58},[52,162199,63],{"class":62},[52,162201,3744],{"class":84},[52,162203,13626],{"class":608},[52,162205,318],{"class":84},[52,162207,13631],{"class":608},[52,162209,3757],{"class":84},[52,162211,162212],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162213,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162215,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162217,6081],{"class":761},[52,162219,36118],{"class":58},[52,162221,318],{"class":84},[52,162223,5229],{"class":58},[52,162225,1638],{"class":761},[52,162227,161509],{"class":80},[52,162229,85],{"class":84},[52,162231,5162],{"class":88},[52,162233,318],{"class":84},[52,162235,5234],{"class":88},[52,162237,779],{"class":84},[52,162239,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,162241,784],{"class":80},[52,162243,85],{"class":84},[52,162245,459],{"class":88},[52,162247,318],{"class":84},[52,162249,130797],{"class":88},[52,162251,329],{"class":84},[20,162253,135],{},[43,162255,162257],{"className":45,"code":162256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162258,162259,162265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162260,162261,162263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162262,133816],{"class":58},[52,162264,33262],{"class":608},[52,162266,162267,162269],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162268,161551],{"class":58},[52,162270,33267],{"class":608},[20,162272,2403,162273,342,162276,162279],{},[15,162274,162275],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162277,162278],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162281,162282],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[43,162284,162286],{"className":45,"code":162285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162287,162288,162328,162344,162348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162289,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162291,5118],{"class":58},[52,162293,63],{"class":62},[52,162295,3744],{"class":84},[52,162297,100],{"class":66},[52,162299,13003],{"class":70},[52,162301,100],{"class":66},[52,162303,318],{"class":84},[52,162305,67],{"class":66},[52,162307,36067],{"class":70},[52,162309,100],{"class":66},[52,162311,318],{"class":84},[52,162313,67],{"class":66},[52,162315,36076],{"class":70},[52,162317,100],{"class":66},[52,162319,318],{"class":84},[52,162321,67],{"class":66},[52,162323,162189],{"class":70},[52,162325,100],{"class":66},[52,162327,3757],{"class":84},[52,162329,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162331,5187],{"class":58},[52,162333,63],{"class":62},[52,162335,3744],{"class":84},[52,162337,13626],{"class":608},[52,162339,318],{"class":84},[52,162341,13631],{"class":608},[52,162343,3757],{"class":84},[52,162345,162346],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162347,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162349,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162351,81],{"class":80},[52,162353,85],{"class":84},[52,162355,11284],{"class":80},[52,162357,85],{"class":84},[52,162359,5162],{"class":88},[52,162361,9354],{"class":84},[52,162363,38512],{"class":80},[52,162365,85],{"class":84},[52,162367,16514],{"class":88},[52,162369,108],{"class":84},[20,162371,135],{},[43,162373,162375],{"className":45,"code":162374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4 2\n",[15,162376,162377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162378,162379,162381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162380,2623],{"class":608},[52,162382,45712],{"class":608},[20,162384,162385,162386,92],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162387,64441],{},[38,162389,92225,162391,162393],{"id":162390},"converting-zip-output",[15,162392,64441],{}," output",[20,162395,29187,162396,162398],{},[15,162397,64441],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[412,162400,154,162402],{"id":162401},"use-listzip",[15,162403,162404],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162406,162407],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[43,162409,162411],{"className":45,"code":162410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162412,162413,162445,162465,162469,162491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162414,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162416,5118],{"class":58},[52,162418,63],{"class":62},[52,162420,3744],{"class":84},[52,162422,100],{"class":66},[52,162424,13003],{"class":70},[52,162426,100],{"class":66},[52,162428,318],{"class":84},[52,162430,67],{"class":66},[52,162432,36067],{"class":70},[52,162434,100],{"class":66},[52,162436,318],{"class":84},[52,162438,67],{"class":66},[52,162440,36076],{"class":70},[52,162442,100],{"class":66},[52,162444,3757],{"class":84},[52,162446,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162448,5187],{"class":58},[52,162450,63],{"class":62},[52,162452,3744],{"class":84},[52,162454,13626],{"class":608},[52,162456,318],{"class":84},[52,162458,13631],{"class":608},[52,162460,318],{"class":84},[52,162462,29046],{"class":608},[52,162464,3757],{"class":84},[52,162466,162467],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162468,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162470,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162472,9336],{"class":58},[52,162474,63],{"class":62},[52,162476,22686],{"class":1929},[52,162478,85],{"class":84},[52,162480,64511],{"class":80},[52,162482,85],{"class":84},[52,162484,5162],{"class":88},[52,162486,318],{"class":84},[52,162488,5234],{"class":88},[52,162490,108],{"class":84},[52,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,162494,81],{"class":80},[52,162496,85],{"class":84},[52,162498,9382],{"class":88},[52,162500,329],{"class":84},[20,162502,135],{},[43,162504,162506],{"className":45,"code":162505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162507,162508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162509,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162511,21866],{"class":84},[52,162513,1888],{"class":66},[52,162515,13003],{"class":70},[52,162517,1888],{"class":66},[52,162519,318],{"class":84},[52,162521,20024],{"class":608},[52,162523,9354],{"class":84},[52,162525,1370],{"class":84},[52,162527,1888],{"class":66},[52,162529,36067],{"class":70},[52,162531,1888],{"class":66},[52,162533,318],{"class":84},[52,162535,13631],{"class":608},[52,162537,9354],{"class":84},[52,162539,1370],{"class":84},[52,162541,1888],{"class":66},[52,162543,36076],{"class":70},[52,162545,1888],{"class":66},[52,162547,318],{"class":84},[52,162549,29046],{"class":608},[52,162551,9369],{"class":84},[412,162553,154,162555],{"id":162554},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162556,162557],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162559,162560],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[43,162562,162564],{"className":45,"code":162563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162565,162566,162598,162626,162630,162652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162567,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162569,17368],{"class":58},[52,162571,63],{"class":62},[52,162573,3744],{"class":84},[52,162575,100],{"class":66},[52,162577,459],{"class":70},[52,162579,100],{"class":66},[52,162581,318],{"class":84},[52,162583,67],{"class":66},[52,162585,9419],{"class":70},[52,162587,100],{"class":66},[52,162589,318],{"class":84},[52,162591,67],{"class":66},[52,162593,10530],{"class":70},[52,162595,100],{"class":66},[52,162597,3757],{"class":84},[52,162599,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162601,3946],{"class":58},[52,162603,63],{"class":62},[52,162605,3744],{"class":84},[52,162607,100],{"class":66},[52,162609,13003],{"class":70},[52,162611,100],{"class":66},[52,162613,318],{"class":84},[52,162615,9426],{"class":608},[52,162617,318],{"class":84},[52,162619,67],{"class":66},[52,162621,16156],{"class":70},[52,162623,100],{"class":66},[52,162625,3757],{"class":84},[52,162627,162628],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162629,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162631,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162633,13328],{"class":58},[52,162635,63],{"class":62},[52,162637,9291],{"class":1929},[52,162639,85],{"class":84},[52,162641,64511],{"class":80},[52,162643,85],{"class":84},[52,162645,17049],{"class":88},[52,162647,318],{"class":84},[52,162649,4006],{"class":88},[52,162651,108],{"class":84},[52,162653,162654,162656,162658,162660],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,162655,81],{"class":80},[52,162657,85],{"class":84},[52,162659,17433],{"class":88},[52,162661,329],{"class":84},[20,162663,135],{},[43,162665,162667],{"className":45,"code":162666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162668,162669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162670,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162672,9398],{"class":84},[52,162674,1888],{"class":66},[52,162676,459],{"class":70},[52,162678,1888],{"class":66},[52,162680,174],{"class":84},[52,162682,3416],{"class":66},[52,162684,13003],{"class":70},[52,162686,1888],{"class":66},[52,162688,318],{"class":84},[52,162690,3416],{"class":66},[52,162692,9419],{"class":70},[52,162694,1888],{"class":66},[52,162696,174],{"class":84},[52,162698,9426],{"class":608},[52,162700,318],{"class":84},[52,162702,3416],{"class":66},[52,162704,10530],{"class":70},[52,162706,1888],{"class":66},[52,162708,174],{"class":84},[52,162710,3416],{"class":66},[52,162712,16156],{"class":70},[52,162714,1888],{"class":66},[52,162716,9429],{"class":84},[20,162718,162719,162720,92],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[289,162721,31212],{"href":31211},[412,162723,162725],{"id":162724},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162727,162728],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[43,162730,162732],{"className":45,"code":162731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162733,162734,162758,162774,162778,162796,162800,162814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162735,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162737,5118],{"class":58},[52,162739,63],{"class":62},[52,162741,3744],{"class":84},[52,162743,100],{"class":66},[52,162745,13003],{"class":70},[52,162747,100],{"class":66},[52,162749,318],{"class":84},[52,162751,67],{"class":66},[52,162753,36067],{"class":70},[52,162755,100],{"class":66},[52,162757,3757],{"class":84},[52,162759,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162761,5187],{"class":58},[52,162763,63],{"class":62},[52,162765,3744],{"class":84},[52,162767,13626],{"class":608},[52,162769,318],{"class":84},[52,162771,13631],{"class":608},[52,162773,3757],{"class":84},[52,162775,162776],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162777,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162779,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162781,9336],{"class":58},[52,162783,63],{"class":62},[52,162785,161509],{"class":80},[52,162787,85],{"class":84},[52,162789,5162],{"class":88},[52,162791,318],{"class":84},[52,162793,5234],{"class":88},[52,162795,329],{"class":84},[52,162797,162798],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,162799,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,162803,81],{"class":80},[52,162805,85],{"class":84},[52,162807,8217],{"class":1929},[52,162809,85],{"class":84},[52,162811,9382],{"class":88},[52,162813,108],{"class":84},[52,162815,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,162817,81],{"class":80},[52,162819,85],{"class":84},[52,162821,8217],{"class":1929},[52,162823,85],{"class":84},[52,162825,9382],{"class":88},[52,162827,108],{"class":84},[20,162829,135],{},[43,162831,162833],{"className":45,"code":162832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162834,162835,162865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162836,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162838,21866],{"class":84},[52,162840,1888],{"class":66},[52,162842,13003],{"class":70},[52,162844,1888],{"class":66},[52,162846,318],{"class":84},[52,162848,20024],{"class":608},[52,162850,9354],{"class":84},[52,162852,1370],{"class":84},[52,162854,1888],{"class":66},[52,162856,36067],{"class":70},[52,162858,1888],{"class":66},[52,162860,318],{"class":84},[52,162862,13631],{"class":608},[52,162864,9369],{"class":84},[52,162866,162867],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162868,38423],{"class":84},[20,162870,162871],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162873,162874,162875,92],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[289,162876,5260],{"href":5709},[38,162878,41172],{"id":41171},[20,162880,162881,162882,92],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162883,64441],{},[412,162885,162887],{"id":162886},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[43,162889,162891],{"className":45,"code":162890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162892,162893,162925,162945,162949,162973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162894,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162896,5118],{"class":58},[52,162898,63],{"class":62},[52,162900,3744],{"class":84},[52,162902,100],{"class":66},[52,162904,13003],{"class":70},[52,162906,100],{"class":66},[52,162908,318],{"class":84},[52,162910,67],{"class":66},[52,162912,36067],{"class":70},[52,162914,100],{"class":66},[52,162916,318],{"class":84},[52,162918,67],{"class":66},[52,162920,36076],{"class":70},[52,162922,100],{"class":66},[52,162924,3757],{"class":84},[52,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,162928,5187],{"class":58},[52,162930,63],{"class":62},[52,162932,3744],{"class":84},[52,162934,13626],{"class":608},[52,162936,318],{"class":84},[52,162938,13631],{"class":608},[52,162940,318],{"class":84},[52,162942,29046],{"class":608},[52,162944,3757],{"class":84},[52,162946,162947],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,162948,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,162952,6081],{"class":761},[52,162954,36118],{"class":58},[52,162956,318],{"class":84},[52,162958,5229],{"class":58},[52,162960,1638],{"class":761},[52,162962,161509],{"class":80},[52,162964,85],{"class":84},[52,162966,5162],{"class":88},[52,162968,318],{"class":84},[52,162970,5234],{"class":88},[52,162972,779],{"class":84},[52,162974,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,162976,784],{"class":80},[52,162978,85],{"class":84},[52,162980,22420],{"class":2180},[52,162982,100],{"class":70},[52,162984,9398],{"class":608},[52,162986,459],{"class":88},[52,162988,22429],{"class":608},[52,162990,22432],{"class":70},[52,162992,9398],{"class":608},[52,162994,85640],{"class":88},[52,162996,22429],{"class":608},[52,162998,100],{"class":70},[52,163000,329],{"class":84},[412,163002,163004],{"id":163003},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[43,163006,163008],{"className":45,"code":163007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163009,163010,163042,163066,163070,163092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163011,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163013,17368],{"class":58},[52,163015,63],{"class":62},[52,163017,3744],{"class":84},[52,163019,100],{"class":66},[52,163021,12772],{"class":70},[52,163023,100],{"class":66},[52,163025,318],{"class":84},[52,163027,67],{"class":66},[52,163029,459],{"class":70},[52,163031,100],{"class":66},[52,163033,318],{"class":84},[52,163035,67],{"class":66},[52,163037,15946],{"class":70},[52,163039,100],{"class":66},[52,163041,3757],{"class":84},[52,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163045,3946],{"class":58},[52,163047,63],{"class":62},[52,163049,3744],{"class":84},[52,163051,46715],{"class":608},[52,163053,318],{"class":84},[52,163055,67],{"class":66},[52,163057,13003],{"class":70},[52,163059,100],{"class":66},[52,163061,318],{"class":84},[52,163063,4037],{"class":145},[52,163065,3757],{"class":84},[52,163067,163068],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163069,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163071,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,163073,9286],{"class":58},[52,163075,63],{"class":62},[52,163077,9291],{"class":1929},[52,163079,85],{"class":84},[52,163081,64511],{"class":80},[52,163083,85],{"class":84},[52,163085,17049],{"class":88},[52,163087,318],{"class":84},[52,163089,4006],{"class":88},[52,163091,108],{"class":84},[52,163093,163094,163096,163098,163100],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,163095,81],{"class":80},[52,163097,85],{"class":84},[52,163099,9325],{"class":88},[52,163101,329],{"class":84},[412,163103,163105],{"id":163104},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[43,163107,163109],{"className":45,"code":163108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163110,163111,163131,163151,163155,163180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163112,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163114,80778],{"class":58},[52,163116,63],{"class":62},[52,163118,3744],{"class":84},[52,163120,2448],{"class":608},[52,163122,318],{"class":84},[52,163124,7914],{"class":608},[52,163126,318],{"class":84},[52,163128,7919],{"class":608},[52,163130,3757],{"class":84},[52,163132,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163134,80799],{"class":58},[52,163136,63],{"class":62},[52,163138,3744],{"class":84},[52,163140,2448],{"class":608},[52,163142,318],{"class":84},[52,163144,9426],{"class":608},[52,163146,318],{"class":84},[52,163148,7919],{"class":608},[52,163150,3757],{"class":84},[52,163152,163153],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163154,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163156,163157,163159,163161,163163,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,163158,6081],{"class":761},[52,163160,57010],{"class":58},[52,163162,318],{"class":84},[52,163164,163165],{"class":58}," b ",[52,163167,1638],{"class":761},[52,163169,161509],{"class":80},[52,163171,85],{"class":84},[52,163173,111863],{"class":88},[52,163175,318],{"class":84},[52,163177,80842],{"class":88},[52,163179,779],{"class":84},[52,163181,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,163183,784],{"class":80},[52,163185,85],{"class":84},[52,163187,2673],{"class":88},[52,163189,4810],{"class":62},[52,163191,2678],{"class":88},[52,163193,329],{"class":84},[20,163195,135],{},[43,163197,163199],{"className":45,"code":163198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163200,163201,163205,163209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163202,163203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163204,146],{"class":145},[52,163206,163207],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163208,151],{"class":145},[52,163210,163211],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163212,146],{"class":145},[412,163214,163216],{"id":163215},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[43,163218,163220],{"className":45,"code":163219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163221,163222,163257,163280,163284,163311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163223,163224,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163244,163246,163248,163250,163253,163255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163225,163226],{"class":58},"products ",[52,163228,63],{"class":62},[52,163230,3744],{"class":84},[52,163232,100],{"class":66},[52,163234,25267],{"class":70},[52,163236,100],{"class":66},[52,163238,318],{"class":84},[52,163240,67],{"class":66},[52,163242,163243],{"class":70},"Pen",[52,163245,100],{"class":66},[52,163247,318],{"class":84},[52,163249,67],{"class":66},[52,163251,163252],{"class":70},"Bag",[52,163254,100],{"class":66},[52,163256,3757],{"class":84},[52,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265,163268,163270,163273,163275,163278],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163260,83168],{"class":58},[52,163262,63],{"class":62},[52,163264,3744],{"class":84},[52,163266,163267],{"class":608},"12.5",[52,163269,318],{"class":84},[52,163271,163272],{"class":608}," 1.2",[52,163274,318],{"class":84},[52,163276,163277],{"class":608}," 25.0",[52,163279,3757],{"class":84},[52,163281,163282],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163283,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163295,163297,163299,163301,163304,163306,163309],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,163287,6081],{"class":761},[52,163289,25328],{"class":58},[52,163291,318],{"class":84},[52,163293,163294],{"class":58}," price ",[52,163296,1638],{"class":761},[52,163298,161509],{"class":80},[52,163300,85],{"class":84},[52,163302,163303],{"class":88},"products",[52,163305,318],{"class":84},[52,163307,163308],{"class":88}," prices",[52,163310,779],{"class":84},[52,163312,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,163314,784],{"class":80},[52,163316,85],{"class":84},[52,163318,22420],{"class":2180},[52,163320,100],{"class":70},[52,163322,9398],{"class":608},[52,163324,27135],{"class":88},[52,163326,22429],{"class":608},[52,163328,163329],{"class":70}," costs $",[52,163331,9398],{"class":608},[52,163333,25276],{"class":88},[52,163335,22429],{"class":608},[52,163337,100],{"class":70},[52,163339,329],{"class":84},[20,163341,36727,163342,92],{},[289,163343,163345],{"href":163344},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[38,163347,163349,163350],{"id":163348},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163351,64441],{},[412,163353,1725,163355,163357],{"id":163354},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163356,64441],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163359,163360,163362],{},[15,163361,64441],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163364,163365],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[43,163367,163369],{"className":45,"code":163368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163370,163371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163372,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163374,81],{"class":80},[52,163376,85],{"class":84},[52,163378,11284],{"class":80},[52,163380,85],{"class":84},[52,163382,111863],{"class":88},[52,163384,9354],{"class":84},[52,163386,38512],{"class":80},[52,163388,85],{"class":84},[52,163390,81065],{"class":88},[52,163392,108],{"class":84},[412,163394,163396],{"id":163395},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163398,68956],{},[43,163400,163402],{"className":45,"code":163401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163403,163404,163440,163444,163457,163467,163471,163483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163405,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163407,9336],{"class":58},[52,163409,63],{"class":62},[52,163411,161509],{"class":80},[52,163413,3103],{"class":84},[52,163415,3106],{"class":608},[52,163417,318],{"class":84},[52,163419,3111],{"class":608},[52,163421,18187],{"class":84},[52,163423,3744],{"class":84},[52,163425,100],{"class":66},[52,163427,289],{"class":70},[52,163429,100],{"class":66},[52,163431,318],{"class":84},[52,163433,67],{"class":66},[52,163435,4883],{"class":70},[52,163437,100],{"class":66},[52,163439,4009],{"class":84},[52,163441,163442],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163443,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163455],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163447,6081],{"class":761},[52,163449,6084],{"class":58},[52,163451,1638],{"class":761},[52,163453,163454],{"class":58}," pairs",[52,163456,804],{"class":84},[52,163458,163459,163461,163463,163465],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,163460,784],{"class":80},[52,163462,85],{"class":84},[52,163464,23437],{"class":88},[52,163466,329],{"class":84},[52,163468,163469],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,163470,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163472,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481],{"class":54,"line":807},[52,163474,6081],{"class":761},[52,163476,6084],{"class":58},[52,163478,1638],{"class":761},[52,163480,163454],{"class":58},[52,163482,804],{"class":84},[52,163484,163485,163487,163489,163491],{"class":54,"line":6538},[52,163486,784],{"class":80},[52,163488,85],{"class":84},[52,163490,23437],{"class":88},[52,163492,329],{"class":84},[20,163494,163495],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[412,163497,163499],{"id":163498},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163501,163502],{},"This is correct:",[43,163504,163506],{"className":45,"code":163505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163507,163508,163532,163548,163552,163576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163509,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163511,5118],{"class":58},[52,163513,63],{"class":62},[52,163515,3744],{"class":84},[52,163517,100],{"class":66},[52,163519,13003],{"class":70},[52,163521,100],{"class":66},[52,163523,318],{"class":84},[52,163525,67],{"class":66},[52,163527,36067],{"class":70},[52,163529,100],{"class":66},[52,163531,3757],{"class":84},[52,163533,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163535,5187],{"class":58},[52,163537,63],{"class":62},[52,163539,3744],{"class":84},[52,163541,13626],{"class":608},[52,163543,318],{"class":84},[52,163545,13631],{"class":608},[52,163547,3757],{"class":84},[52,163549,163550],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163551,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163553,163554,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,163555,6081],{"class":761},[52,163557,36118],{"class":58},[52,163559,318],{"class":84},[52,163561,5229],{"class":58},[52,163563,1638],{"class":761},[52,163565,161509],{"class":80},[52,163567,85],{"class":84},[52,163569,5162],{"class":88},[52,163571,318],{"class":84},[52,163573,5234],{"class":88},[52,163575,779],{"class":84},[52,163577,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588],{"class":54,"line":798},[52,163579,784],{"class":80},[52,163581,85],{"class":84},[52,163583,459],{"class":88},[52,163585,318],{"class":84},[52,163587,130797],{"class":88},[52,163589,329],{"class":84},[20,163591,163592],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[43,163594,163596],{"className":45,"code":163595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163597,163598,163618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163599,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163601,6081],{"class":761},[52,163603,6084],{"class":58},[52,163605,1638],{"class":761},[52,163607,161509],{"class":80},[52,163609,85],{"class":84},[52,163611,5162],{"class":88},[52,163613,318],{"class":84},[52,163615,5234],{"class":88},[52,163617,779],{"class":84},[52,163619,163620,163622,163624,163626],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163621,784],{"class":80},[52,163623,85],{"class":84},[52,163625,23437],{"class":88},[52,163627,329],{"class":84},[20,163629,135],{},[43,163631,163633],{"className":45,"code":163632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163634,163635,163651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163636,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163638,85],{"class":84},[52,163640,1888],{"class":66},[52,163642,13003],{"class":70},[52,163644,1888],{"class":66},[52,163646,318],{"class":84},[52,163648,20024],{"class":608},[52,163650,329],{"class":84},[52,163652,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163654,85],{"class":84},[52,163656,1888],{"class":66},[52,163658,36067],{"class":70},[52,163660,1888],{"class":66},[52,163662,318],{"class":84},[52,163664,13631],{"class":608},[52,163666,329],{"class":84},[20,163668,163669],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[412,163671,1828,163673,163675,163676],{"id":163672},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163674,64441],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163677,35875],{},[20,163679,154,163680,163682],{},[15,163681,64441],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163684,154,163685,163687],{},[15,163686,35875],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[43,163689,163690],{"className":45,"code":36044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,163691,163692,163724,163728,163748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163693,163694,163696,163698,163700,163702,163704,163706,163708,163710,163712,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163695,5118],{"class":58},[52,163697,63],{"class":62},[52,163699,3744],{"class":84},[52,163701,100],{"class":66},[52,163703,13003],{"class":70},[52,163705,100],{"class":66},[52,163707,318],{"class":84},[52,163709,67],{"class":66},[52,163711,36067],{"class":70},[52,163713,100],{"class":66},[52,163715,318],{"class":84},[52,163717,67],{"class":66},[52,163719,36076],{"class":70},[52,163721,100],{"class":66},[52,163723,3757],{"class":84},[52,163725,163726],{"class":54,"line":77},[52,163727,222],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":221},[52,163729,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":54,"line":111},[52,163731,6081],{"class":761},[52,163733,35947],{"class":58},[52,163735,318],{"class":84},[52,163737,36095],{"class":58},[52,163739,1638],{"class":761},[52,163741,35957],{"class":80},[52,163743,85],{"class":84},[52,163745,5162],{"class":88},[52,163747,779],{"class":84},[52,163749,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760],{"class":54,"line":249},[52,163751,784],{"class":80},[52,163753,85],{"class":84},[52,163755,35972],{"class":88},[52,163757,318],{"class":84},[52,163759,36118],{"class":88},[52,163761,329],{"class":84},[20,163763,163764,163765,92],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[289,163766,3696,163767,3629],{"href":92137},[15,163768,35875],{},[38,163770,1940],{"id":1939},[412,163772,5266,163774,5269],{"id":163773},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163775,64441],{},[20,163777,163778],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[412,163780,1944,163782,163784],{"id":163781},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163783,64441],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163786,163787],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[412,163789,163791,163792,1993],{"id":163790},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163793,64441],{},[20,163795,163796,163797,92],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163798,162404],{},[412,163800,163802,163803,1993],{"id":163801},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163804,64441],{},[20,163806,1977,163807,163809],{},[15,163808,162557],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[412,163811,163813],{"id":163812},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163815,163816],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[38,163818,2005],{"id":2004},[176,163820,163821,163826,163832,163836,163840],{},[179,163822,163823],{},[289,163824,163825],{"href":163344},"How to use zip in Python",[179,163827,163828],{},[289,163829,3696,163830,3629],{"href":92137},[15,163831,35875],{},[179,163833,163834],{},[289,163835,5339],{"href":5709},[179,163837,163838],{},[289,163839,69809],{"href":69732},[179,163841,163842],{},[289,163843,32386],{"href":31211},[2035,163845,163846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":77,"depth":77,"links":163848},[163849,163850,163852,163853,163854,163855,163863,163869,163878,163889],{"id":40,"depth":77,"text":41},{"id":161568,"depth":77,"text":163851},"What zip() does",{"id":295,"depth":77,"text":296},{"id":161961,"depth":77,"text":161962},{"id":162138,"depth":77,"text":162139},{"id":162390,"depth":77,"text":163856,"children":163857},"Converting zip() output",[163858,163860,163862],{"id":162401,"depth":111,"text":163859},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162554,"depth":111,"text":163861},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162724,"depth":111,"text":162725},{"id":41171,"depth":77,"text":41172,"children":163864},[163865,163866,163867,163868],{"id":162886,"depth":111,"text":162887},{"id":163003,"depth":111,"text":163004},{"id":163104,"depth":111,"text":163105},{"id":163215,"depth":111,"text":163216},{"id":163348,"depth":77,"text":163870,"children":163871},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163872,163874,163875,163876],{"id":163354,"depth":111,"text":163873},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163395,"depth":111,"text":163396},{"id":163498,"depth":111,"text":163499},{"id":163672,"depth":111,"text":163877},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1939,"depth":77,"text":1940,"children":163879},[163880,163882,163884,163886,163888],{"id":163773,"depth":111,"text":163881},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163781,"depth":111,"text":163883},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163790,"depth":111,"text":163885},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163801,"depth":111,"text":163887},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163812,"depth":111,"text":163813},{"id":2004,"depth":77,"text":2005},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161410,"description":163890},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944868866]